Georgia Solid Waste Management Report 2002 GEORGIA DEPARTMENT OF COMMUNITY AFFAIRS 60 Executive Park South, NE Atlanta, Georgia 30329-2231 For more information regarding Georgia's solid waste management or for a glossary of terms used in this report, contact the Georgia Department of Community Affairs, Office of Environmental Management at 404-679-4940, or online at www.dca.state.ga.us/environmental/swar.html Georgia Department Of Community Affairs 60 Executive Park South, N.E. Atlanta, Georgia 30329-2231 An Equal Opportunity Employer If you would like to receive this publication in an alternative format, please contact the Georgia Department of Community Affairs at (404) 679-4915 or 1(800) 736-1155 (TDD) Table of Contents Disposal and Remaining Landfill Capacity A-1 Per Capita Disposal B-1 Solid Waste and Recycling Collection C-1 Yard Trimmings D-1 Community Solid Waste Management Systems E-1 MSW and C&D Landfill Tipping Fees F-1 Grants and Loans to Local Governments G-1 Glossary of Terms This report is also available on-line at http://www.dca.state.ga.us/environmental/swar.html Printed on Recycled Paper Per Capita Disposal 2002 Solid Waste Management Update The amount of garbage entering Georgia's Municipal Solid Waste landfills fell during Fiscal Year 2002, bringing Georgia closer to meeting its waste reduction goal. Except for a decline in FY 1996 with the implementation of the yard trimmings ban, per capita waste disposal in Georgia had either climbed gradually, or remained nearly flat. Since FY 1993, the per capita municipal solid waste disposal rate has climbed from 5.56 lbs/person/day to 6.68 lbs/person/day. Looking at records that exclude the amount of waste disposed from out-of-state sources, the per capita MSW disposal rate has been marginally lower, climbing from 5.48 lbs/person/day in FY 1993 to 6.05 lbs/person/day in FY 2002. It should be noted that the state's 25% waste disposal reduction goal is a per capita reduction goal based upon all MSW disposed within the state. It does not exclude waste generated from out-of-state sources and disposed in landfills located within the state. Also, these rates reflect all waste entering a MSW landfill as reported to the EPD, not just MSW. According to a 2001 study conducted by R.W. Beck for the Department of Community Affairs, about two-thirds of the waste disposed in MSW landfills is actually Municipal Solid Waste. Based upon this estimate, the FY 2002 per capita MSW disposal rate, excluding waste imported into the state, is approximately 3.99 lbs/person/day. As can be seen in the Per Capita Daily Waste Disposal graph, there is more than one way to track per-capita disposal rates. In FY 2002, the Department of Natural Resources Environmental Protection Division (EPD) reported a total of 13,040,765 tons of waste disposed in the state. When looking at the reported total volumes of waste disposed, the per capita waste disposal rate fell to 8.52 lbs/person/day in FY 2002, down from 8.94 lbs/person/day in FY 2001. This figure represents all waste entering MSW and C&D landfills. It includes residential waste, sludge from municipal wastewater treatment plants, some industrial waste, construction debris, commercial and business waste, and waste brought here from other states. Per Capita Daily Waste Disposal Per Capita DaiFlyYW1a9st9e3D-is2p0o0sa2l FY 1993-2002 10 9 8 7 Pounds Per Person Per Day 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 Total Waste MSW B-1 1998 1999 2000 Georgia MSW C&D 2001 2002 Per Capita Disposal 2002 Update The impact of out-of-state waste imports plays a role in the state achieving its 25% waste disposal reduction goal. Imported MSW is not exempt from the waste reduction disposal goal and must be factored into the overall equation. Waste disposed from out-of-state sources accounted for 9.3% of the MSW stream and 7.3% of the total waste stream disposed in the state. Imported waste has grown from representing 0.1/lb/person/day in 1998 to 0.6 lb/person/day in FY 2002. Fiscal Year 1992 Georgia Waste Disposal and Population FY 1992-2002 Population Total Waste Total Waste Total Waste Out of Landfilled (Millions of tons1) Landfilled Disposed in State (Pounds/ MSW Landfills Waste2 person/day) (Tons) (Tons) 6,649,005 8.60 7.09 N/A N/A Total MSW (Pounds/ person/day) N/A GA MSW (Pounds/ person/day) N/A 1993 6,819,832 8.25 6.63 6,926,022 107,656 5.56 5.48 1994 6,990,658 8.58 6.73 7,222,291 138,946 5.66 5.55 1995 7,161,485 9.54 7.30 7,684,271 149,481 5.88 5.77 1996 7,332,311 9.78 7.31 7,222,499 160,000 5.40 5.28 1997 7,503,138 9.86 7.20 7,925,222 172,150 5.79 5.66 1998 7,673,965 10.75 7.68 9,026,078 193,819 6.44 6.31 1999 7,844,792 11.43 7.98 9,382,622 453,875 6.55 6.24 2000 8,015,626 12.71 8.69 9,724,736 511,472 6.65 6.30 2001 8,186,453 13.36 8.94 10,678,980 893,651 7.15 6.55 2002 8,383,915 13.04 8.52 10,233,692 950,779 6.68 6.05 1 Does not include waste incinerated. EPD reported 64,347 tons of MSW incinerated during FY 2002 2 Virtually all out-of-state waste is MSW. For more information regarding Georgia's solid waste management or for a glossary of terms used in this report, contact the Georgia Department of Community Affairs, Office of Environmental Management at 404-679-4940, or online at www.dca.state.ga.us/environmental/swar.html. B-2 Disposal and Remaining Landfill Capacity 2002 Solid Waste Management Update During Fiscal Year 2002 the amount of waste sent to Muncipal Solid Waste (MSW) landfills in Georgia fell by 4%, but the amount of waste entering Construction and Demolition (C&D) landfills increased by 10%. At the same time the amount of permitted landfill space continued to grow, with the state having 23.6 years of remaining permitted space. As in past years, recycling and other waste reduction efforts are reducing the amount of garbage that is buried in the state. Increasingly, the private sector controls most of the disposal capacity in the state, and receives most of the waste disposed. Larger landfills continue to replace smaller, older landfills, and the amount of waste entering older, unlined landfills continues to fall. Georgians continue to throw out too much trash to meet Georgia's 25% waste disposal reduction goal, and the amount of waste we import from other states for disposal continues to climb, undercutting local and statewide waste disposal reduction efforts to meet the goal. (See Per Capita Disposal section for more information.) Landfill Quick Facts FY 2002 Private Public MSW Disposal Landfill Ownership Remaining Capacity Years 7.04 3.19 million tons million tons 15 facilities 45 facilities 26.2 45.6 Cubic Yards 240 123 (Millions) C&D Most of the MSW and C&D disposed in Georgia enters private facilities, as shown in the table entitled `Landfill Quick Facts.' In FY 2002, landfill owners/operators reported 7,042,273 tons of waste entering 15 private MSW landfills, compared Disposal Landfill Ownership 2.44 million tons 13 facilities with 7,002,595 tons entering 14 private MSW landfills in FY 2001. In FY 2002, Remaining 3,191,420 tons of waste entered 45 publicly owned MSW facilities in the state, Capacity compared with 3,676,386 tons entering 48 public landfills the previous year. Years 12.8 Landfill ownership has changed significantly over the last decade. From FY 19932002, the number of MSW landfills operated by cities, counties, and solid waste Cubic Yards 22.54 (Millions) authorities dropped by more than half, from 121 to 49. During FY 1993-2001 the number of local governments operating solid waste transfer stations nearly doubled, rising from 35 to 69 in FY 2001. The total number of transfer stations operated statewide climbed to 230 in FY Local Government Operated Solid Waste Facilities 2002. FY 1993 FY 2001 366,000 tons 33 facilities 16.1 9.20 According to the Department of Natural Resources, Environmental Protection Division (EPD), 10,233,621 tons of waste entered MSW landfills in Georgia during FY 2002. This is down 4.2% from FY 2001, when 10.7 million tons of waste entered Georgia MSW facilities. Another 76,987 tons were incinerated, also down slightly from the previous year. In FY 2002, 2,807,092 tons of waste entered C&D landfills in Georgia, approximately a 10% increase from FY 2001. 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 1993 1994 1995 MSW Landfill 1996 1997 1998 Inert Landfill C&D Landfill 1999 2000 Transfer Station 2001 A - 1 Disposal and Capacity 2002 Update The Environmental Protection Division of the Department of Natural Resources permits solid waste management facilities in the state. In the table entitled Permitted Solid Waste Management Facilities the substantial growth in the number of permitted solid waste transfer stations (127 to 230) and the decline in the number of permitted MSW landfills (95 to 60) from FY 1997 to FY 2002 is readily apparent. Where Does the Waste Go? The vast majority of waste disposed of in Georgia enters lined, monitored Municipal Solid Waste Landfills. Of the 13 million tons of waste disposed in permitted Georgia landfills during FY 2002, 10 million tons, or 77%, entered lined, monitored landfills meeting federal Subtitle D requirements. Approximately 2.8 million tons, or 21.5%, entered Construction and Demolition landfills. The remainder was divided among unlined Municipal Solid Waste landfills (1.8%) and the state's only MSW incinerator (0.6%). C&D Landfills Permitted Solid Waste Management Facilities FY 1997 20021 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 Construction and Demolition landfills are permitted disposal facilities that can only accept waste building materials and rubble resulting from Inert Landfills Collection Operations2 Transfer Stations On-Site Thermal Treatment Facilities On-site Processing Facilities Municipal Solid Waste Landfills 1,990 398 127 77 54 95 2,101 469 139 79 54 76 2,167 538 161 79 75 70 2,304 610 176 83 84 69 2,399 708 202 88 92 62 2,424 775 230 89 95 60 construction, remodeling, Construction and Demolition Landfills 33 34 32 34 33 46 repair, and demolition Recovered Materials Processing Facilities 3 3 5 5 5 3 operations on pavements, houses, commercial buildings Composting Facilities Waste-to-Energy Facility 2 2 4 3 3 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 and other structures. Such Air Curtain Destructors 0 0 1 3 1 3 wastes include, but are not Commercial Industrial Waste Landfill 1 1 1 1 1 1 1Operating as of July 1 of the indicated fiscal year limited to asbestos containing 2Collection operations are any entity that collects waste from residential or commercial locations. waste, wood, bricks, metal, concrete, wall board, paper, cardboard, inert waste landfill material, and other nonputrescible wastes Tons of Waste Disposed which have a low potential FY 1993 - 2002 for groundwater contamination. 12,000,000 10,000,000 Like MSW facilities, the public sector owns and operates a greater number of C&D facilities in the state, but it manages only 41% of the statewide C&D disposal capacity. In FY 2002, landfill operators reported 2,440,787 tons of waste entering 13 private C&D facilities, while 366,286 tons of waste entered 33 publicly owned facilities. 8,000,000 6,000,000 4,000,000 2,000,000 0 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 MSW Population C&D A - 2 Disposal and Capacity 2002 Update Unlined Landfills During FY 2002, 182,974 tons of waste was disposed in unlined MSW landfills. This represents less than 1.8% of the total waste entering MSW landfills. As of December 2002, six of these unlined MSW facilities were still operating under their original EPD-approved permits, and had not reached their closure capacity. Until they do, they must adhere to the same operating procedures and methane monitoring requirements as their more modern counterparts. When the unlined facilities close, they will be capped and monitored under Subtitle D regulations. There is no time limit for these landfills to meet Subtitle D regulations, but they will not be granted expansion permits. It is likely that a very small percentage of MSW generated in Georgia will continue to be disposed in unlined landfills for years to come. County Unlined Landfills Accepting MSW Facility Name Avg. Remaining Total Tons Remaining Daily Capacity Disposed Capacity Tons (CY) 2002 (Years) MSW Incinerators Bibb Macon-Walker Road 430 2,827,209 87,457 10.3 Phase 2 (SL) There is one incinerator operating Decatur Decatur Co.-S.R. 97 235,066 28,866 3.5 in Georgia accepting MSW. 309 Bainbridge Phase 2 (SL) Located in Coastal Chatham Franklin Franklin Co.- 44 170,358 12,536 6.3 County, the operation is also Harrison Bridge known as a waste-to-energy facility. The City of Savannah Road Phase 1 (SL) Grady Cairo-6th Ave. (SL) 97 524,918 19,652 10.5 Liberty U.S. Army-Ft. 55 839,696 15,924 25.5 sends approximately 250 tons per Stewart Main day of waste to the incinerator. Cantonment (SL) There are several other types of incinerators in public and private use that accept only specialized McIntosh McIntosh County- 51 74,493 18,538 22.8 King Road (SL) Total 774 4,671,740 182,974 waste, such as wood waste. Municipal Waste Composting Another unique waste disposal operation in Georgia is Cobb County's MSW composting facility. The facility accepts more than 300 tons per day of MSW collected in Cobb County. The composting process results in a clean, beneficial soil amendment given to Cobb residents free of charge. Waste Exports During FY 2001, 20 local governments reported exporting waste to another state. It is difficult to track border waste exchange, and it is suspected that in most cases, it travels relatively short distances across the state border. It is unlikely any Georgia waste is exported to Florida, as that state's tipping fees are substantially higher than tipping fees charged in Georgia. How Local Governments Dispose of their Waste FY 1995 - 2001 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Governmentowned landfill 483 (72%) 478 (72%) 415 (68%) 371 (62%) 360 (59%) 343 (58%) 326 (49%) Privately owned landfill 187 186 195 225 255 252 260 (28%) (28%) (32%) (38%) (41%) (42%) (39%) Total number 670 664 610 596 615 595 586 using landfills Government- 10 12 8 7 5 3 6 owned incinerator Privately 3 6 5 4 7 4 3 owned incinerator Total number 13 18 13 11 12 7 9 using incinerators Out of State 14 13 10 6 14 19 20 Unknown 54 48 41 64 48 61 N/A A - 3 Disposal and Capacity 2002 Update County Taylor Wayne Charlton Lowndes Banks Camden Cherokee Chatham Thomas DeKalb Georgia Counties Receiving Out-Of-State Waste FY 2002 Facility Name Total FY Domain Facility 2002 Tons Type Disposed from out- of-state Remaining Avg. Capacity Daily (CY) Tons Rate of Fill (CYD) Estimated Remaining Fill Date Permitted Capacity (Years) Allied Services, LLC -S.R. 90/ S.R. 137 339,925 Private MSWL 40,262,253 2,428 3,237 6/21/2045 42.5 Wayne Co. - S.R. 23 Broadhurst 152,603 Public MSWL 12,465,430 1,442 1,923 1/14/2024 22.0 Chesser Island Road Landfill, Inc. 139,882 Private MSWL 10,968,419 597 853 7/30/2047 44.5 Pecan Row MSWL 137,698 Private MSWL 3,311,820 1,267 1,325 12/24/2010 8.0 Chambers R&B Landfill Site #2 103,838 Private MSWL 23,734,776 1,587 2,442 7/13/2036 33.5 Camden Co.-S.R. 110 MSWL 41,586 Public MSWL 2,501,851 305 611 2/17/2015 13.0 Cherokee Co-Pine Bluff Landfill, Inc. 17,881 Private MSWL 54,030,062 2,598 3,997 10/1/2049 46.5 Savannah Energy Systems, Inc. 13,098 Private Incinerator N/A 250 N/A N/A N/A Superior Landfill and Recycling Center 459 Private MSWL 6,465,778 962 1,480 10/13/2017 14.5 Thomasville/Sunset Dr. 8,565 Public MSWL 3,281,184 444 740 8/28/2018 1.07 WMI-Live Oak #2 (SL) 3,995 Private MSWL 7,655,574 3,205 4,931 9/13/2006 3.5 BFI-Hickory Ridge 125 Private MSWL 1,566,024 2,662 3,179 1/24/2005 3.0 Gwinnett Fulton Coffee Butts BFI-Richland Creek Rd (SL) Chadwick Rd Landfill, Inc. TransWaste Services Inc. Butts Co.-Pine Ridge Recycling 2,767 Private MSWL 18,235,309 2,552 4,150 10/24/2021 18.7 1,273 Private C&D 3,342,716 1,400 2,154 11/7/2007 4.7 1,013 Private C&D 47,882 89 137 10/20/2003 0.7 36 Private MSWL 39,727,852 1,631 2,609 6/25/2055 52.5 County DeKalb Taylor Gwinnett Cherokee Barrow DeKalb DeKalb Wayne Butts Banks Top 10 Landfills in Georgia Waste Disposed in FY 2002 Facility Name Total FY Domain Facility 2002 Tons Type Disposed Remaining Avg. Capacity Daily (CY) Tons Rate Estimated Remaining of Fill Fill Date Permitted (CYD) Capacity (Years) WMI-Live Oak #2 (SL) 1,172,769 Private MSWL 7,655,574 3,205 4,931 9/13/2006 3.5 Allied Services, LLC -S.R. 90/ S.R. 137 806,766 Private MSWL 40,262,253 2,428 3,237 6/21/2045 42.5 BFI-Richland Creek Rd (SL) 791,163 Private MSWL 18,235,309 2,552 4,150 10/24/2021 18.7 Cherokee Co-Pine Bluff Landfill, Inc. 743,118 Private MSWL 54,030,062 2,598 3,997 10/1/2049 46.5 Republic Waste-Oak Grove S.R. 324 734,715 Private MSWL 2,435,862 2,647 3,919 7/31/2004 1.5 BFI-East DeKalb Landfill 550,898 Private C&D 2,033,193 1,697 1,954 6/24/2006 3.5 BFI-Hickory Ridge (MSWL) 529,107 Private MSWL 1,866,024 2,662 3,179 1/24/2005 3.0 Wayne Co. - S.R. 23 Broadhurst 484,964 Public MSWL 12,465,430 1,442 1,923 1/14/2024 22.0 Butts Co.-Pine Ridge Recycling 474,818 Private MSWL 39,727,852 1,631 2,609 6/25/2055 52.5 Chambers R&B Landfill Site #2 454,975 Private MSWL 23,734,776 1,587 2,442 7/13/2036 33.5 A - 4 Disposal and Capacity 2002 Update Imported Waste The amount of waste brought to Georgia from other states and disposed increased 491% from FY 1998 to FY 2002. The amount of imported waste rose again during FY 2002, but not as dramatically as in recent years. Waste imports rose from 894,421 tons in FY 2001 to 950,779 tons in FY 2002. Nearly all of the waste brought to Georgia from other states is MSW. While the amount of out-of-state waste imported to Georgia amounts to only 7.3% of the total amount of waste disposed in the state, the increasing disposal trend merits continued monitoring. (See Imported Waste FY 1993-2002) Imported Waste ImportFeYd W1a9s9te3F-Y21090923-2002 1,000,000 900,000 800,000 700,000 600,000 Out-of-State Waste 7.3% Georgia C&D Waste 21.5% 500,000 400,000 Georgia MSW 71.0% 300,000 200,000 100,000 - 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 Tons A - 5 Disposal and Capacity 2002 Update Remaining Landfill Disposal Capacity On a statewide basis, Georgia continues to have an adequate supply of permitted landfill disposal capacity. At the close of FY 2002 the state had 25.8 years of remaining permitted MSW landfill space and more than 13 years of permitted C&D landfill space. The maps below highlight the growth in the amount of permitted MSW landfill capacity in the state by Regional Development Center (RDC) area since 1994. Remaining MSW Landfill Capacity FY 2002 North Georgia Georgia Mountains Coosa Valley Atlanta Regional Northeast Georgia Commission Legend Less than 10 years 10 - 19 years 20 - 29 years 30 years and above Chattahoochee Flint McIntosh Trail Central Savannah River Area Middle Georgia Lower Chattahoochee Middle Flint Heart of Georgia - Altamaha Coastal Georgia South Georgia Southwest Georgia Southeast Georgia FY 2001 North Georgia Georgia Mountains Coosa Valley Atlanta Regional Commission Northeast Georgia Legend Less than 10 years 10 - 19 years 20 - 29 years 30 years and above Chattahoochee Flint McIntosh Trail Central Savannah River Area Middle Georgia Lower Chattahoochee Middle Flint Heart of Georgia - Altamaha Coastal Georgia Southwest Georgia South Georgia Southeast Georgia Map prepared by: Georgia Department of Community Affairs Source: All information pertaining to annual tonnage, remaining landfill capacity and estimated closure dates was supplied by Environmental Protection Division. Map prepared by: Georgia Department of Community Affairs Source: All information pertaining to annual tonnage, remaining landfill capacity and estimated closure dates was supplied by Environmental Protection Division. A - 6 Disposal and Capacity 2002 Update As can be seen in the Remaining Permitted Landfill Disposal Capacity graph, the challenge of insufficient landfill space that faced Georgia during the early 1990s has largely been met, with new permitted landfill space more than tripling since FY 1994. Remaining Permitted Landfill Disposal Capacity by Type FY 1993 - 2002 R e m a in in g L a n d f ill D is p o s a l C a p a c ity b y T y p e F Y 1 9 9 3 -2 0 0 1 5 0 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 Capacity, or the amount of available space in landfills to dispose of tightly compacted waste, grew from 139 million cubic yards in FY 1994 to nearly 440 million cubic yards in FY 2001. In FY 2002, capacity grew to 447 million cubic yards. To help visualize 447 million cubic yards, it would be enough space to pile 39 football fields a mile high in tightly compacted garbage. On average, there is enough waste disposed every year in Georgia to fill about two football fields one mile high. Georgia has an estimated 23.6 years of remaining landfill capacity statewide. A regional breakdown, by RDC, can be found in the back of this section. The projection of remaining capacity is based upon current disposal rates and disposal capacity permitted by the Georgia EPD. Remaining Capacity, in cubic yards 4 5 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 4 0 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 3 5 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 3 0 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 2 5 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 2 0 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 1 5 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 1 0 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 5 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 - 1993 1994 1995 1996 MSW L 1997 SL 1998 1999 2000 C & D /L T otal 2001 2002 The increases in landfill disposal capacity are the result of a solid waste management trend that emerged in the mid- 1990s, a trend that is largely driven by the economics of landfill design and operation. While the state has more disposal capacity today than it had in the past decade, this capacity is contained in fewer landfills. Since 1997, there has been a 17% reduction in the total number of landfills in the state. The number of MSW landfills dropped 37% from FY 1997-FY 2002, but the number of C&D landfills remained fairly static before rising to 46 in FY 2002. In FY 1999, nearly half of the state's total disposal capacity could be found in eight landfills. For FY 2002, more than half of the state's total remaining capacity sits in just seven facilities. And nearly one-third of Georgia's total remaining capacity sits in just three facilities. Total Number of Permitted Landfills These gains in remaining disposal capacity have occurred while smaller or FY 1997 - 2002 older landfills are closed and enter lengthy post-closure care monitoring 100 periods. The table entitled `Georgia 90 Landfills with Most Remaining Disposal Capacity FY 2002' ranks the top ten 80 landfills in the state by remaining disposal 70 capacity. 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 MSW C&D A - 7 Disposal and Capacity 2002 Update County Cherokee Taylor Butts Forsyth Banks Gwinnett Wayne Charlton Gordon Crisp Facility Name Georgia Landfills with Most Remaining Capacity FY 2002 Total Tons Domain Facility Remaining Avg. Disposed Type Capacity Daily FY 2002 (CY) Tons Rate of Fill (CYD) Estimated Fill Date Cherokee Co-Pine Bluff Landfill, Inc. Allied Services, LLC -S.R. 90/ S.R. 137 Butts Co.-Pine Ridge Recycling Eagle Point Landfill Chambers R&B Landfill Site #2 BFI-Richland Creek Rd (SL) Wayne Co. - S.R. 23 Broadhurst Chesser Island Road Landfill, Inc. Gordon Co.-Redbone Ridge Rd. Crisp Co.-U.S. 41S 743,118 Private 806,766 Private 474,817 Private 49,781 Private 454,975 Private 791,163 Private 484,964 Public 149,273 Private 62,804 Public 81,561 Public MSWL MSWL MSWL MSWL MSWL MSWL MSWL MSWL MSWL MSWL 54,030,062 40,262,253 39,727,852 28,015,469 23,734,776 18,235,309 12,465,430 10,968,419 10,871,582 10,695,450 2,598 2,428 1,631 800 1,587 2,552 1,442 597 213 315 3,997 10/1/2049 3,237 6/21/2045 2,609 6/25/2055 1,333 12/19/2075 2,442 7/13/2036 4,150 10/24/2021 1,923 1/14/2024 853 7/30/2047 313 6/3/2111 618 3/20/2071 Remaining Permitted Capacity (Years) 46.5 42.5 52.5 73 33.5 18.7 22.0 44.5 108.5 68.3 During FY 2002, an additional 11 MSW landfills and four C&D landfills were issued closure certificates, and one unlined landfill ceased accepting MSW. During the same period, permits were issued for two publicly owned C&D landfills and one private C&D landfill. As of July 1, 2002, 156 solid waste disposal facilities were in post-closure care. Disposal Capacity by RDC C&D and MSW Landfills Combined Regional Development Center Atlanta Regional Commission Central Savannah River Area Chattahoochee Flint Coastal Georgia Coosa Valley Georgia Mountains Heart of Georgia-Altamaha Lower Chattahoochee McIntosh Trail Middle Flint Middle Georgia North Georgia Northeast Georgia South Georgia Southeast Georgia Southwest Georgia Statewide Total Total Tons Disposed FY 2002 5,919,823 461,633 111,118 526,660 387,389 773,300 623,425 82,480 569,743 888,327 646,045 169,037 915,738 405,241 237,414 323,340 13,040,713 Remaining Capacity (CY) 115,464,521 22,298,044 3,399,101 11,228,496 20,202,710 62,325,527 17,287,639 5,620,161 40,451,706 57,272,703 24,828,776 11,384,072 18,567,455 15,483,385 11,495,610 9,342,697 446,652,603 Remaining Permitted Capacity (Years) 20.1 47.3 17.5 15.4 19.3 44.6 23.1 38.9 48.3 57.1 26.0 30.6 8.2 33.3 37.2 19.4 23.6 A - 8 Disposal and Capacity 2002 Update Disposal Capacity by RDC Construction and Demolition Waste Landfills Regional Development Center Atlanta Regional Commission Central Savannah River Area Chattahoochee Flint Coastal Georgia Coosa Valley Georgia Mountains Heart of Georgia-Altamaha Lower Chattahoochee McIntosh Trail Middle Flint Middle Georgia North Georgia Northeast Georgia South Georgia Southeast Georgia Southwest Georgia Statewide C&D Total Total Tons Disposed FY 2002 2,122,347 177,604 16,266 47 45,903 157,977 21,785 0 22,255 0 128,985 0 65,721 9,108 34,590 4,504 2,807,092 Remaining Capacity (CY) 18,962,351 2,670,910 403,683 2,482 520,247 2,934,632 1,766,798 0 142,637 0 4,189,581 0 12,647,025 153,375 47,882 575,017 45,016,620 Remaining Permitted Capacity (Years) 7.7 23.2 15.7 9.5 7.7 12.0 33.1 N/A1 38.8 N/A1 22.3 N/A1 121.6 5.9 1.3 41.0 13.4 Disposal Capacity by RDC Municipal Solid Waste Landfills Regional Development Center Total Tons Remaining Remaining Disposed Capacity (CY) Permitted FY 2002 Capacity (Years) Atlanta Regional Commission 3,797,476 96,502,170 19.0 Central Savannah River Area 284,029 19,627,134 55.0 Chattahoochee Flint 94,852 2,995,418 17.8 Coastal Georgia 526,613 11,226,014 15.4 Coosa Valley 341,486 19,682,463 20.0 Georgia Mountains 615,323 59,390,895 51.6 Heart of Georgia-Altamaha 601,640 15,520,841 22.3 Lower Chattahoochee 82,480 5,620,161 38.9 McIntosh Trail 547,488 40,309,069 50.4 Middle Flint 888,327 57,272,703 57.1 Middle Georgia North Georgia 475,254 16,100,326 21.6 169,037 11,384,072 30.3 Northeast Georgia 850,017 5,920,430 2.8 South Georgia 396,133 15,330,010 34.9 Southeast Georgia 202,824 11,447,728 41.9 Southwest Georgia 318,836 8,767,680 18.8 Statewide MSW Total 10,233,621 401,635,983 25.8 A - 9 Disposal and Capacity 2002 Update County Facility Name Total Tons Domain Facility Remaining Average Disposed Type Capacity Daily FY 2002 (CY) Tons Atlanta Regional Commission C&D Cherokee Cherokee Construction And Demolition Landfill Cherokee Cherokee Co-Swims-SR 92 Ph 4 DeKalb Phillips-Scales Rd C&D (L) DeKalb BFI-East DeKalb Landfill DeKalb APAC/Ga-Donzi Ln Ph 5a (L) DeKalb Rogers Lake Road C&D 16,433 Private C&D 64,688 Private C&D 98,605 Private C&D 550,898 Private C&D 453,006 Private C&D 379,245 Private C&D 3,298,500 253,500 100,943 2,033,193 3,895,616 2,380,211 200 207 517 1,697 1,476 1,831 Rate of Fill (CYD) Estimated Remaining Fill Date Permitted Capacity (Years) 381 10/28/2032 29.5 43 1/27/2007 5.0 725 8/25/2003 0.7 1,954 6/24/2006 3.5 1,114 12/5/2013 11.0 1,745 11/26/2006 3.7 DeKalb Dekalb Co-Seminole Rd Ph 2 (Sl) Douglas Douglas Co-Cedar Mt/Worthan Rd Ph 1 (SL) Fulton Safeguard Landfill Management C & D Fulton Chadwick Rd Landfill, Inc. MSW Cherokee Cherokee Co-Pine Bluff Landfill, Inc. Clayton Clayton Co-Sr 3 Lovejoy Site # 3 DeKalb DeKalb Co-Seminole Rd Ph 2a,3&4 (SL) DeKalb WMI-Live Oak #2 (SL) DeKalb BFI-Hickory Ridge (MSWL) Fulton Chambers-Bolton Rd (SL) Gwinnett BFI-Richland Creek Rd (SL) Central Savannah River Area C&D Burke Burke Co.-Clarke Rd. Columbia Columbia Co-Sample & Son (C&D) Jenkins Jenkins Co.-CR 54 Richmond US Army-Ft. Gordon/Gibson Rd. MSW 67,204 Public 32,634 Public 89,630 Private 370,004 Private 743,118 Private 75,091 Public 402,269 Public 1,172,769 Private 529,107 Private 83,959 Private 791,163 Private 4,419 Public 156,219 Private 7,972 Public 8,994 Public Columbia Columbia Co-Baker 109,309 Public Place Rd (Sl), Ph 2 Jefferson Jefferson Co. -CR138 10,321 Public McDuffie McDuffie Co.- Under Public Wrightsboro Rd./Moore Construction Rd. Richmond Richmond Co.-Deans 150,336 Public Bridge Rd. Screven Screven Co.-Rocky Ford Under Public Rd. MSWL Construction Washington Washington Co.-Kaolin 14,063 Public Rd. Wilkes Wilkes Co.-CR 40 MSWL Built in FY Public 2001, Not taking waste Chattahoochee Flint C&D Coweta Coweta Co.-Ishman Ballard Rd. Landfill 8,552 Public C&D C&D C&D C&D 547,261 578,837 2,531,574 3,342,716 MSWL MSWL MSWL MSWL MSWL MSWL MSWL 54,030,062 3,755,844 10,197,698 7,655,574 1,866,024 761,659 18,235,309 C&D C&D C&D C&D 94,163 1,621,678 776,979 178,090 MSWL MSWL MSWL 197,116 1,490,028 10,571,161 MSWL MSWL MSWL MSWL 973,032 2,986,503 1,267,973 2,141,321 C&D 244,514 A-10 216 125 411 1,400 2,598 243 1,355 3,205 2,662 364 2,552 15 157 29 38 236 62 0 490 0 56 0 24 216 8/19/2010 281 4/29/2009 822 5/28/2013 2,154 11/7/2007 3,997 10/1/2049 486 6/24/2027 2,258 1/20/2017 4,931 9/13/2006 3,179 1/24/2005 560 10/13/2007 4,150 10/24/2021 71 3/6/2007 237 8/28/2024 59 10/13/2053 76 6/21/2017 319 7/31/2004 124 9/5/2045 0 N/A 816 4/15/2006 0 N/A 113 8/6/2045 0 N/A 48 9/5/2016 7.5 6.3 11.5 4.7 46.5 24.5 15 3.5 3.0 4.7 18.7 4.3 21.5 50.8 14.5 1.5 42.5 N/A 3.3 N/A 42.7 N/A 13.5 Disposal and Capacity 2002 Update County Facility Name Total Tons Domain Facility Remaining Average Disposed Type Capacity Daily FY 2002 (CY) Tons Chattahoochee Flint (cont'd) Troup Troup Co.-S.R. 109 Mountville MSW Troup LaGrange-I 85/ S.R. 109 Troup LaGrange-I 85/ S.R. 109 Coastal Georgia C&D Liberty MSW U. S. Army Ft. Stewart Main Cantonment Camden Chatham Chatham Liberty Camden Co.- S.R. 110 Savannah-Dean Forest Rd. Superior Landfill & Recycling Center U. S. Army Ft. Stewart Main Cantonment McIntosh McIntosh Co.-King Rd. 7,714 Public 13,250 Public 81,602 Public 47 Public 92,333 Public 127,058 Public 272,760 Private 15,924 Public 18,538 Public Coosa Valley C&D Bartow Bartow Co.-S.R. 294 26,984 Public Emerson Floyd Floyd Co. Rome Walker 18,611 Public Mtn. Rd. Paulding Paulding Co.-Gulledge 199 Public Rd. Walker LaFayette-Coffman 109 Public Springs Rd. MSW Bartow Bartow Co.-S.R. 294 87,520 Public Emerson Catoosa Catoosa Co.-S.R.151, 27,795 Public Floyd Rome Walker Mtn. Rd., 90,316 Public Gordon Gordon Co.-Redbone 62,804 Public Ridge Rd. Polk Polk Co.-Grady Rd. 73,051 Public Walker Walker Co.-Marble Top Under Public Rd. MSWL Construction Georgia Mountains C&D Hall Rabun Stephens MSW Reliable Tire Service, Monroe Dr. Rabun Co. Boggs Mountain Rd. Stephens Co.-S.R. 145 151,019 Private 4,879 Public 2,079 Public Banks Forsyth Habersham Hall Franklin Chambers R&B Landfill Site #2 Eagle Point Landfill Habersham Co.- S.R.13 Hall Co.-Candler Rd. (S.R. 60) Franklin Co.-Harrison Bridge Rd. 454,975 Private 49,781 Private 32,189 Public 65,842 Public 12,536 Public C&D MSWL MSWL C&D MSWL MSWL MSWL Unlined MSW Landfill Unlined MSW Landfill C&D C&D C&D C&D MSWL MSWL MSWL MSWL MSWL MSWL C&D C&D C&D MSWL MSWL MSWL MSWL Unlined MSW Landfill 159,169 266,618 2,728,800 2,482 2,501,851 654,060 6,465,778 862,832 741,493 94,500 325,295 3,248 97,204 1,250,000 349,125 6,198,694 10,871,582 163,562 849,500 2,614,740 299,850 20,042 23,734,776 28,015,469 1,086,672 6,383,620 170,358 25 50 358 1 305 248 962 55 51 90 51 1 1 309 200 220 213 1,000 0 575 18 6 1,587 800 81 210 44 Rate of Fill (CYD) Estimated Remaining Fill Date Permitted Capacity (Years) 51 7/18/2012 9.5 63 2/26/2016 13.2 583 6/23/2017 14.5 1 7/31/2027 24.5 611 2/17/2015 13.0 496 7/2/2006 3.5 1,480 10/13/2017 14.5 111 7/31/2028 25.5 102 10/25/2025 22.8 180 5/29/2004 78 1/30/2016 1 1/28/2011 1 8/22/2448 1.4 14.0 9.0 Exempted 618 8/29/2009 400 5/19/2005 440 8/27/2048 313 6/3/2111 2,000 9/20/2002 0 N/A 6.5 2.5 45.5 108.5 0.0 N/A 885 10/13/2012 9.8 42 9/1/2028 25.5 13 6/24/2006 3.5 2,442 7/13/2036 33.5 1,333 12/19/2075 73 147 8/19/2026 23.5 420 8/23/2050 47.5 89 3/11/2009 6.3 A - 11 Disposal and Capacity 2002 Update County Facility Name Total Tons Domain Facility Remaining Average Disposed Type Capacity Daily FY 2002 (CY) Tons Heart of Georgia-Altamaha C&D Appling Appling Co.-Roaring Creek 4,597 Public Evans Evans Co.-Sikes Branch Claxton 5,305 Public Jeff Davis Jeff Davis Co.-CR 20 C&D Landfill Under Construction Toombs Toombs Co. S1898 11,883 Public MSW Candler Candler Co.-S.R. 121 12,504 Public Laurens Laurens Co.-Old Macon 41,245 Road Public Telfair Telfair Co. CR 144 18,252 Public Toombs Toombs Co.-S 1898 44,675 Public Wayne Wayne Co. S.R. 23 Broadhurst 484,964 Public Lower Chattahoochee MSW Muscogee Columbus, Pine Grove 82,480 Public McIntosh Trail C&D Spalding Spalding Co.Griffin/Shoal Creek Rd. 22,255 Public MSW Butts Butts Co.-Pine Ridge Recycling 474,818 Private Lamar Lamar Co. Cedar Grove Regional 72,670 Public Middle Flint MSW Crisp Crisp Co.-U.S. 41S 81,561 Public Macon Macon Co.-Middle Georgia SWMA Regional MSWL Under Public Construction Taylor Allied Services, LLC S.R. 90/ S.R. 137 806,766 Private Middle Georgia C&D Bibb Swift Creek Landfill 76,469 Private Baldwin Central State HospitalFreeman Building 269 Public Houston Houston Co. S.R.247 Klondike 52,247 Public MSW Bibb Macon-Walker Rd. 87,457 Public Bibb Swift Creek MSW Landfill Baldwin Baldwin Co.-Union Hill Church Rd. Houston Houston Co. S.R. 247 Klondike Monroe Monroe Co.-Strickland Loop Rd. Twiggs Twiggs Co.-U.S. 80 North Georgia MSW Murray Murray Co. -U.S. 411 Westside 247,701 Private 33,897 Public 124,226 Public 11,943 Public 11,836 Public 38,835 Public C&D C&D C&D C&D MSWL MSWL MSWL MSWL MSWL MSWL C&D MSWL MSWL MSWL MSWL MSWL C&D C&D C&D Unlined MSW Landfill MSWL MSWL MSWL MSWL MSWL MSWL 649,372 14,412 802,000 301,014 325,684 163,053 548,985 2,017,689 12,465,430 5,620,161 142,637 39,727,852 581,217 10,695,450 6,315,000 40,262,253 419,939 7,449 3,762,193 2,827,209 2,892,991 2,708,450 5,332,182 2,339,494 4,538,869 1,661,794 17 18 0 50 47 95 50 200 1,442 278 71 1,631 258 315 0 2,428 204 1 184 430 882 100 313 33 36 185 Rate of Fill (CYD) Estimated Remaining Fill Date Permitted Capacity (Years) 48 11/22/2050 48.0 57 5/27/2003 0.5 0 N/A N/A 100 3/24/2013 10.3 95 8/29/2015 12.5 153 8/30/2005 2.8 100 1/24/2022 20.0 400 7/6/2020 17.5 1,923 1/14/2024 22.0 556 8/5/2043 40.5 143 7/23/2005 2.5 2,609 6/25/2055 52.5 469 12/21/2006 4.0 618 3/20/2071 68.3 0 N/A N/A 3,237 6/21/2045 42.5 355 7/5/2006 1 6/21/2024 368 1/1/2035 860 3/27/2013 1,217 9/5/2010 200 9/19/2045 522 12/28/2034 67 11/1/2114 75 7/16/2202 3.5 21.5 33.0 10.3 7.5 42.5 32 111.8 199.5 370 12/27/2019 17.0 A - 12 Disposal and Capacity 2002 Update County Facility Name North Georgia (cont'd) Total Tons Disposed FY 2002 Domain Facility Remaining Average Type Capacity Daily (CY) Tons Rate of Fill (CYD) Estimated Remaining Fill Date Permitted Capacity (Years) Whitfield Whitfield Co.-Dalton, Old Dixie Hwy. 130,202 Public MSWL 9,722,278 564 1,074 12/30/2031 29.0 Northeast Georgia C&D Jasper Jasper Co.-S.R. 212 3,369 Public C&D 3,597 19 38 3/1/2003 0.3 Monticello Newton Newton Co.-Forest 26,389 Public C&D 99,720 66 132 2/21/2005 3.2 Tower/Lower River Rd. Oglethorpe Olgethorpe Co.-U.S. 35,963 Public C&D 67,708 115 230 5/16/2003 0.5 78 Walton Natwell Holdings LLC Under Private C&D 12,476,000 0 0 N/A N/A U.S. 78 C&D Landfill Construction MSW Barrow Republic Waste-Oak 734,715 Private MSWL 2,435,862 2,647 3,919 7/31/2004 1.5 Grove S.R. 324 Clarke Clarke Co. -Athens Dunlap Rd. 75,202 Public MSWL 1,799,719 2,062 4,124 1/14/2016 14.0 Newton Newton Co. -Lower River Rd. 40,100 Public MSWL 1,684,849 114 228 1/21/2023 21.0 South Georgia C&D Cook Cook Co.-Taylor Rd. Adel 9,108 Public C&D 153,375 50 100 12/17/2007 5.0 MSW Ben Hill Fitzgerald, Kiochee 24,619 Public MSWL 709,110 41 75 9/7/2032 5.0 Church Rd. Cook Cook Co. -Taylor Rd. 9,112 Public MSWL 708,675 50 100 7/17/2027 24.5 Lowndes Lowndes Co.-Deep Under Public MSWL 10,132,600 0 0 N/A N/A South Regional MSWL construction Lowndes Pecan Row 328,689 Private MSWL 3,311,820 1,267 1,325 12/24/2010 8.0 Tift Tifton-Omega/Eldorado 33,713 Public MSWL 467,805 118 189 1/26/2011 9.0 Rd. Southeast Georgia C&D Coffee Transwaste Services, Inc. C.R. 129/17 34,590 Private C&D 47,882 89 137 10/20/2003 0.7 MSW Atkinson Atkinson Co.-S.R. 50 53,551 Public MSWL 84,141 99 199 10/24/02 0.0 Charlton Chesser Island Road 149,273 Private MSWL 10,968,419 597 853 7/30/2047 44.5 Landfill, Inc. Ware Tricounty MSWL Under Public MSWL 395,168 0 0 N/A N/A Construction Southwest Georgia C&D Thomas Thomasville/Sunset Dr. 4,504 Public C&D 575,017 27 54 7/28/2041 38.5 MSW Decatur Decatur Co.-S.R. 309 28,866 Public Unlined 235,066 97 194 6/28/2006 3.5 Bainbridge MSW Landfill Dougherty Dougherty Co.- 147,170 Public MSWL 4,726,512 346 668 8/25/8025 22.5 Fleming/Gaissert Rd. Grady Cairo-Sixth Ave 19,652 Public Unlined 524,918 97 195 9/23/2013 10.5 MSW Landfill Thomas Thomasville/Sunset Dr. 123,148 Public MSWL 3,281,184 444 740 8/28/2018 15.7 All information pertaining to annual tonnage, remaining landfill capacity and estimated closure dates was supplied by EPD. Both (C&D) and (L) designations include construction and demolition landfills, while (MSWL) and (SL) designate municipal solid waste landfills. Estimated fill rates by region are cumulative, using average daily fill rates based on 260 operating days per year and remaining capacity reported to EPD. A - 13 Disposal and Capacity 2002 Update County Washington Habersham Muscogee Ben Hill Atkinson Dougherty Facility Name Washington Co.Kaolin Rd. Habersham Co.S.R. 13 Columbus, Pine Grove Fitzgerald, Kiochee Church Rd. Atkinson Co.-S.R. 50 Dougherty Co.Fleming/Gaissert Rd. MSW Facilities receiving C&D Waste Total Tons Disposed FY 2002 Domain Facility Type Remaining Capacity (CY) Avg. Daily Tons Rate of Fill (CYD) 4,520 Public 4,598 Public 15,1322 Public 2,402 Public MSWL MSWL MSWL MSWL 152,340 18 51 118,605 25 62 399,098 51 103 71,324 37 121 21,599 Public 52,318 Public MSWL MSWL 19,705 67 135 4,726,512 346 668 Estimated Fill Date 2/4/2014 9/29/2008 5/5/2017 6/7/2004 N/A 8/25/2025 Remaining Permitted Capacity (Years) 11.2 5.5 14.5 1.5 1.4 22.5 County Chatham Whitfield Cobb Chatham Other Permitted Solid Waste Management Facilities Facility Name Total Tons Disposed FY 2002 Domain Facility Type Remaining Capacity (CY) Avg. Daily Tons Rate of Fill (CYD) Estimated Fill Date Remaining Permitted Capacity (Years) Savannah Regional Industrial Landfill DWRSWMA Old Dixie Hwy Baled Carpet North County Farm Road Composting Facility Montenay Savannah Limited Partnership 148,253 Private 22,580 Public 74,864 Public 76,987 Private Industrial Landfill Baled Carpet Waste Monofill Municipal Composting Waste-toEnergy 4,453,790 512 1,942,693 121 853 8/15/2020 403 9/30/2017 N/A 300 N/A N/A N/A 250 N/A N/A 17.5 14.8 N/A N/A For more information regarding Georgia's solid waste management or for a glossary of terms used in this report, contact the Georgia Department of Community Affairs, Office of Environmental Management at 404-679-4940, or online at www.dca.state.ga.us/environmental/swar.html AA-1-014 Solid Waste & Recycling Collection 2002 Solid Waste Management Update Waste Collection The level and type of solid waste, recycling and yard trimmings collection services provided throughout the state varies greatly depending upon a community's size and demographic profile. The information contained in the following pages attempts to identify how local governments collect and manage solid waste and recyclables generated within their community. Most importantly it notes that the majority of local governments responding to the 2001 Solid Waste Management Survey and Full Cost Report (82%) provide, or arrange for, the collection of residential solid waste. In Residential Waste and Recyclables Collection FY 1996 - 2001 addition, 56% of the local 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 governments responding reported providing, or arranging for, solid waste collection services for businesses and other non-residential customers. No. of local governments responding 682 681 675 676 678 662 to Solid Waste Management Survey Solid Waste Service Providers Local governments 595 581 551 568 555 540 providing/arranging for residential waste collection In the table entitled Residential Waste & Recyclables Collection Provided by public sector Provided by private sector Types of Residential Programs 500 455 561 559 385 359 382 404 302 371 379 352 the changing role of local governments as solid waste collection service providers is highlighted. Many local governments have opted to Curbside/backdoor City County Staffed Drop-off City County 524 505 415 418 422 412 45 45 46 41 67 71 18 15 21 30 27 30 40 46 46 50 74 78 "arrange for" rather than "provide" solid waste collection services. Over the past decade, we have seen the solid waste Unstaffed Drop-off City County Dumpsters (Green box) City 25 37 28 34 40 35 19 25 19 21 27 24 44 39 48 68 41 42 collection role of the private County 77 64 46 42 42 37 sector increase. In 1992, 190 communities reported they relied upon the private sector to collect solid waste in their community. In the year 2001, 352 local Recycling Service Providers Local governments making residential recycling services available Provided by public sector Provided by private sector 513 492 497 501 487 478 269 395 463 461 420 426 247 206 N/A 190 225 223 governments reported they relied Provided by non-profit organization 161 114 209 137 130 122 upon the private sector for solid waste collection services. There are several tools local governments use to partner with the private sector to manage the waste generated within their communities, including: permits, ordinances, franchise agreements, Private/Public Partnerships for Residential Waste Collection City County Private collection does not exist 171 32 Issue permit or license 22 15 Local ordinance 21 15 Franchise agreement 38 10 Governments contract 172 36 Open competition no local 31 67 and/or contracts. Permits and ordinances governing the collection of solid waste are typically the least restrictive tools local governments use to manage solid waste collection in their community. Collection ordinances typically establish general standards by which a private sector service provider must operate. Franchise agreements, either exclusive or open, typically establish a minimum level of services that must be provided by all service providers and usually stipulate the specific operating standards. A contract between a local government and private waste service provider provides the greatest degree of management control government oversight over the waste stream, with the local government setting forth specific C - 1 Solid Waste & Recycling Collection 2002 Update performance measures and standards to be met by both parties. As can be seen in the Residential Waste and Recyclables Collection table, the types of residential solid waste collection services range from "green box" or Dumpster drop-off service to curbside or backdoor pick-up. One trend the Department of Community Affairs has been tracking for several years is the use of Dumpsters. Also known as green boxes, they are often placed in unsupervised areas, usually in rural communities, for trash collection. They frequently become dumping grounds for everything from household trash to disabled vehicles, tires, and animal carcasses. They can become an eyesore in a community and attract waste from neighboring jurisdictions. The number of local governments using green boxes for residential waste collection has dwindled in recent years. In 1994, 74 cities and 99 counties reported using them for residential waste collection. In FY 2001, just 42 cities and 37 counties reported using green boxes. An upward blip reported during FY 1999 by cities was caused by some jurisdictions reporting the use of green boxes for collection when in fact they were just used to augment existing curbside collection programs already in place. Yard Trimmings Management FY 1998 - 2001 1998 1999 2000 2001 City County City County City County City County Yard Trimmings Collection Promote home composting and grasscycling 56 40 89 39 75 37 61 38 The number of local Provide for collection 307 86 303 76 353 77 362 87 governments reporting they provide for the collection and disposal of yard trimmings rose and disposal Collection Options Staffed drop-off 18 40 18 34 18 29 17 33 facilities to 449 in FY 2001. The type of Unstaffed drop-off 14 10 12 6 11 4 12 3 collection service options ranged facilities from accepting yard trimmings at Curbside collection 290 16 295 14 276 14 287 14 solid waste management facilities like a solid waste transfer station to curbside Accepted at 41 49 41 46 31 43 32 51 landfill/transfer station Other 10 10 4 11 7 10 8 10 collection programs. Recyclables Collection The number of local governments offering or arranging for the collection of residential recyclables remained fairly 600 constant during the late 1990s. During FY 2001, 478 local governments reported they provided or arranged for 500 residential recycling services in their communities. As can be seen in the 400 Residential Recycling Services Providers graph, the strong tradition of public, private, and non-profit partnerships used 300 to provide recycling services throughout Georgia continues. 200 The growth in the number of local governments making residential recycling 100 services available in their communities stalled in FY 1999. During FY 2000 there appeared to be a drop in the number of 0 local collection programs for various recycling materials. As shown in the Number of Jurisdictions Collecting Residential Recycling Service Providers FY 1997 - 2001 1997 1998 1999 2000 Local governments making residential recycling services available Provided by public sector Provided by private vendor Provided by non-profit organization 2001 C - 2 Solid Waste & Recycling Collection 2002 Update Materials for Recyling tables on page C-4, this drop appears to have stabilized, and in some instances reversed during FY 2001. Nationally and regionally, market prices for recycled materials have ridden a roller coaster. Virtually any recyclable commodity price, when tracked over time, varies greatly, thus affecting what materials some local governments choose to recycle. This report does not address the scale of the individual local recycling operations, which would be difficult to quantify. Rather, it focuses upon the level of recycling services being offered throughout the state. Since 1992, newspaper has been reported as the residential recyclable material most widely collected in Georgia, followed by aluminum cans. During FY 2001, the most popular commodities recycled from residences were newspaper (406 jurisdictions reporting collection); aluminum (375); corrugated cardboard (332); magazines (315); and glass (293.) The tables on this page tally the number of local governments that collect commercial and residential materials for recycling. For a complete listing of the types of materials that are being recycled in each community, please consult DCA's Web site, www.dca.state.ga.us/environmental/swar.html and view the `Access to Recycling FY 2001' table. Recyclables Processing In FY 2001 240 local governments reported processing recyclables as source separated materials, or reported that they collect source-separated materials from their customers. Transfer Stations With fewer, more regional-sized landfills in the state and a wide array of solid waste collection programs, solid waste transfer stations continue to be a popular method of streamlining solid waste collection services. Transfer stations are especially effective when collection routes are farther than 50 miles from a landfill. Combining several conventional rearloader garbage truck loads into a single tractor-trailer for the trip to the landfill saves fuel costs, vehicle wear and tear, and means fewer trucks can service more customers. Only 20 cities reported using transfer stations in FY 1995 while 142 reported using them in FY 2001. Use of Solid Waste Transfer Stations FY 1995 - 2001 City County 1995 20 39 1996 19 46 1997 94 51 1998 99 32 1999 102 43 2000 131 70 2001 142 63 CC -- 23 Solid Waste & Recycling Collection 2002 Update Number of Jurisdictions Collecting Commercial Materials for Recycling by Type FY 1997 - 2001 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Automobile components tires 101 107 117 110 98 auto batteries 80 86 81 72 74 motor oil 81 85 83 71 82 Metals aluminum 280 291 303 257 249 scrap metal n/a 183 188 178 175 Paper newspaper 317 324 345 280 270 magazines 226 238 268 212 218 corrugated cardboard 298 298 328 263 268 white paper 216 211 237 192 184 green bar computer paper 182 184 209 166 161 phone books 157 193 214 172 181 other paper 176 172 195 149 154 Misc. plastic 224 220 246 367 353 glass 225 231 241 191 193 other wood waste n/a 55 58 40 41 pallets n/a 68 71 61 61 restaurant grease n/a 22 25 23 23 n/a: Question not asked on that year's survey. Number of Jurisdictions Collecting Residential Materials for Recycling by Type FY 1997 - 2001 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Automobile components tires 142 136 157 144 141 auto batteries 97 94 101 90 88 antifreeze motor oil oil filters Metals n/a 23 19 12 15 107 114 117 107 109 n/a 19 24 21 22 aluminum 404 401 408 381 375 steel cans 188 189 193 189 173 scrap metal 217 224 239 215 223 aerosol cans 34 48 52 45 38 Paper newspaper 445 456 465 428 406 magazines 309 313 331 316 315 corrugated cardboard 328 341 364 324 332 phone books 205 235 270 238 250 paper board 98 124 148 132 126 other paper 230 240 267 237 238 Misc. #1 plastic 321* 314* 327* 280 276 #2 plastic n/a n/a n/a 259 259 other plastic glass 99 106 115 77 85 328 333 333 289 293 white goods 244 260 280 258 263 Christmas trees 269 271 278 266 262 C&D materials 57 61 62 68 66 Agricultural chemical containers 27 27 29 26 23 electronics n/a n/a n/a 20 20 Household Hazardous Waste paint n/a 18 26 19 19 cleaning products n/a 11 14 5 6 pesticides n/a 6 9 4 4 other n/a 7 8 11 12 n/a: Question not asked on that year's survey *Prior to the 2000 survey, DCA did not separate #1 and #2 plastics in its survey. For more information regarding Georgia's solid waste management or for a glossary of terms used in this report, contact the Georgia Department of Community Affairs, Office of Environmental Management at 404-679-4940, or online at www.dca.state.ga.us/environmental/swar.html C - 4 Yard Trimmings 2002 Solid Waste Management Update Georgia banned yard trimmings from lined Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) landfills in 1996, as part of an effort to extend landfill disposal capacity. Effective Sept. 1, 1996, each city, county and solid waste management authority was required to impose restrictions on yard trimmings generated in or disposed within their jurisdiction. The restrictions required that yard trimmings: Not be placed in or mixed with municipal solid waste; Be sorted and stored for collection to facilitate composting or other handling; To the maximum extent feasible be sorted, stockpiled or chipped for composting or used as a mulch or for other beneficial purposes; and Be banned from disposal at MSW disposal facilities having liners and leachate collection systems. Annually, DCA surveys local governments to determine how they collect, process and use yard trimmings generated within their communities. During FY 2001, 61 cities and 38 counties reported actively promoting waste minimization practices such as grasscycling or home composting. During FY 2001, 362 cities and 87 counties reported collecting yard trimmings for diversion from MSW landfills. It is not surprising, given lot sizes and population densities, that cities lead the way in providing yard trimmings collection services. Most local governments also reported that they provided the collection services with just a few indicating they contracted with a private vendor to collect yard trimmings. Yard Trimmings Management FY 1998 - 2001 1998 1999 2000 City County City County City County Promote Home Composting and Grasscycling 56 40 89 39 75 37 Provide for collection 307 86 303 76 353 77 and disposal Collection Not available N/A N/A N/A N/A 166 82 Your government N/A N/A N/A N/A 254 49 Another government N/A N/A N/A N/A 13 13 Solid Waste Authority N/A N/A N/A N/A 5 3 Private vendor via N/A N/A N/A N/A 7 12 individual subscription Private vendor via N/A N/A N/A N/A 27 5 government contract Collection Options Staffed drop-off facilities 18 40 18 34 18 29 Unstaffed drop-off 14 10 12 6 11 4 facilities Curbside collection 290 16 295 14 276 14 Accepted at landfill/transfer station 41 49 41 46 31 43 Other 10 10 4 11 7 10 Processing Methods Composting 77 20 89 13 63 15 Solid waste landfill 35 1 36 1 35 2 Inert landfill 105 44 101 42 99 44 Grind/chip into mulch 194 54 199 53 181 44 Own a chipper/shredder 150 28 160 28 138 20 Contract out 47 30 44 24 37 24 chipping/shredding Use another local 13 3 16 4 21 5 government's chipper/shredder Burning 25 0 24 2 24 3 Other 7 1 12 3 16 3 Beneficial Use Give away 188 50 196 48 183 43 Sell 12 12 10 7 9 6 Used by local government 117 37 127 31 108 28 Becomes property of 17 5 24 7 13 7 private contractor N/A: Questions not asked that year 2001 City County 61 38 362 87 144 69 255 53 18 14 7 9 9 13 30 8 17 33 12 3 287 14 32 51 8 10 55 8 37 7 106 47 178 45 142 23 37 22 19 4 32 3 19 4 181 49 6 4 101 25 12 6 In many areas, especially urban and suburban communities, the visible result of the yard trimmings ban has been the presence of large paper bags of leaves and grass at curbsides. Collection of yard trimmings in paper bags enables them to be ground into a mulch or feedstock for composting. The majority of local governments who reported collecting yard trimmings either ground or shredded the collected material for use as a mulch, however 153 local governments reported disposing the collected materials into an inert landfill. Composting and burning were also reported as common processing methods. Yard trimmings, when processed properly, have numerous beneficial uses in a community. The five-year drought experienced by most of the state helped promote composting and mulching as an effective way for residents and local D-1 Yard Trimmings 2002 Update governments to divert waste from landfills and conserve water. The use of compost and mulch is extremely beneficial for slowing stormwater runoff and retaining moisture around plants. Many local governments used processed yard trimmings as mulch for their landscaping and civil engineering applications or reported offering the processed yard trimmings to their citizens for residential landscaping. Georgia Composting / Mulching Facilities Dade Catoosa Murray Fannin Town$s Legend Walker Whitfield r Union Rabun City Municipal Facilities Gilmer Chattooga Gordon r Pickens Lum$pk$in White Hab$ershamStrreph$ens $ Floy$d Bartow Crherokee Dawson Forsyth Hall $ Banks Franklin Hart $ Composting r Composting & Mulch P$rivatCe oFmacpiolitsietinsg r Composting & Mulch Polk $ Haralson Carroll PauldinDgorugla$sCrobbr$rFulr$to$$n$C$l$a$yrtr$o$nD$eK$$$alb$Ro$cGkw$rdrianlrneetNrte$wtBoWanrarlotown Jackson $ Clarke$ Oconee $ Morgan Madison Elbert Oglethorpe $ Wilkes r Greene Taliaferro County Municipal Facilities $ Composting Lincoln r Composting & Mulch Columbia Heard Coweta $ Fayette $$ Henry Spalrding $Butts r Jaspe$r r Putnam Hancock McDuffie Warren Glascock $ Richmond r Troup Meriwether Pike L$amar Monroe Jones Baldwin $ $$ Upson Bibb Wilkinson Harris Muscogee Talbot Taylor Crawford $ $$Peach $ Twiggs $ Bleckley Houston $ Chattahoochee Marion Macon Schley r Stewart Quitman $ $ $r Webster Sumter Dooly Pulaski Dodge Wilcox $ $ Crisp Randolph Terrell Lee Turner Ben Hill Washington Jefferson $$ Laurens Johnson $ Emanuel Treutlen Montgomery $$ Wheeler Telfair Toombs Jeff Davis Appling Burke Jenkins $ Screven Candler $ Bulloch Effingham $ Evans Tattnall Bryan Chatham Liberty Long Clay $ r Early Calhoun Baker Miller Dougherty Mitchell $ Worth Tift Irwin $ $ Colquitt $ $ $$ Berrien Cook Coffee rr Atkinson Bacon Wayne Pierce $ $ Ware r Brantley McIntosh $ Glynn $ Seminole Decatur rr Grady Thomas $ Brooks Lanier Clinch $ Lowndes Echols Charlton Camden r Source: Georgia Department of Community Affairs Compost Infrastructure Study, 2001 and Solid Waste Management Survey and Full Cost Accounting Report, 2000 For more information regarding Georgia's solid waste management or for a glossary of terms used in this report, contact the Georgia Department of Community Affairs, Office of Environmental Management at 404-679-4940, or online at www.dca.state.ga.us/environmental/swar.html D-2 Community Solid Waste Management Systems 2002 Solid Waste Management Update Georgia's 159 counties and 532 cities provide a wide array of solid waste management services. This report summarizes the reported costs incurred by communities to provide solid waste management services, identifies innovative pricing structures used by local governments to fund their programs, identifies communities with local environmental code enforcement programs, and reports individual community rankings based upon the level of services they provide. Because the level of services funded by communities throughout the state varies widely, it is impossible to make revenue and expenditure comparisons between local governments, therefore only summary information is presented in this report. For more information about the level of services offered by local governments, please consult the Department of Community Affairs' (DCA) Solid Waste and Recycling Collection section. Cost of Solid Waste Management Georgia's local governments reported spending $11 million more for solid waste management in FY 2001 than they did in FY 2000, according to information submitted to DCA in the 2001 Solid Waste Management Survey and Full Cost Report. Local governments reported a FY 2001 full cost of $437 million, a 2.5% increase from the $426 million they reported spending in FY 2000. For the most part, local governments have implemented user fees to pay for their solid waste management programs. In FY 2001, counties reported paying 89% of their solid waste management costs through dedicated solid waste revenues. In FY 2001, cities reported paying 77% of their solid waste management costs through dedicated revenues. The remaining solid waste management costs were paid from general fund revenues. Innovative Funding Options Host Community Fees: To offset the costs associated with solid waste management and having a solid waste facility located in their community, sixteen local governments reported charging a host fee on waste brought from outside their jurisdictions and disposed in privately owned and operated landfills within their borders. A host fee is a fee assessed by local governments, usually on a per-ton basis, to owners or operators of landfills. Most jurisdictions charging a host fee charged $0.50 or $1.00 per ton. 2001 Communities Charging Host Fees at Private Landfills ($/ton) Banks County $1.00 Barrow County $0.50 Bibb County $1.00 Charlton County $1.00 Chatham County $1.00 Coffee County $1.00 DeKalb County $1.00 Fulton County $1.00 Gwinnett County $1.00 Lowndes County $0.01 Taylor County $0.50 Wayne County $1.75 City of Atlanta $1.10 City of Buford $1.00 City of Gainesville $1.00 City of Jesup $1.00 Pay-As-You-Throw (PAYT): With a Pay-As-You-Throw (PAYT) rate structure, residents pay a fee for solid waste collection and disposal based on the amount of waste they dispose. The household that disposes of ten bags of garbage per week for example, pays more than the household that disposes of two. Reported use of PAYT in Georgia fell from 47 in 2000 to 42 in 2001, but some of these reported programs may not fit the true definition of a PAYT system. While technically a local government charging $1 for every six bags of garbage is charging by volume, there is no built-in incentive to reduce disposal, which is at the heart of a PAYT program. There are 28 communities in Georgia with financial incentive PAYT programs. These programs have many different designs. Most counties operate PAYT systems at convenience centers while most cities integrate their program into a curbside or backdoor collection system. In some programs, residents are charged based on the volume of waste they dispose, while in others, residents are charged based on the weight of the waste they dispose. Some PAYT programs operate on a subscription basis, where residents pay a flat fee to dispose a predetermined amount of waste and are assessed an additional fee if they dispose of more waste. Others operate on a variable basis, where residents purchase bags for a fee that covers the collection, disposal, and the costs of the bags used to manage the waste. E-1 Community Solid Waste Management Systems 2002 Update As different as the PAYT programs are, there are some common lessons learned, especially when it comes to how the public responds to the programs. Almost all communities report that public education can make or break a PAYT program. Many communities also claim that despite their initial concerns, illegal disposal did not significantly increase when a PAYT program was implemented, especially if ordinances were in place and enforced to minimize illegal dumping. Finally, the way in which solid waste management costs were covered before the PAYT program began can strongly influence public reaction to the program; whether it is seen as an added tax or a way to gain control over individual disposal costs. 2001 Pay-As-You-Throw Communities in Georgia Athens-Clarke County Coweta County Forsyth County Fulton County Gordon County Hart County Jackson County Lincoln County Montgomery County Murray County Oconee County Oglethorpe County Pickens County Rockdale County Tift County Walker County Walton County White County Austell Dahlonega Decatur Douglasville Duluth Marietta Morrow Rome Sugar Hill West Point Solid Waste Education and Enforcement Eighty-one counties and 112 cities reported having a solid waste management education program in place during FY 2001. In many cases, this program included the efforts of a local affiliate of the national Keep America Beautiful (KAB) system. As of April 2001, there were 63 KAB affiliates in Georgia, and more on the way. Locally operated KAB affiliates blanket nearly 74% of Georgia's population with messages to reduce, recycle, and beautify their local community. Affiliates work with local school systems to spread a message of sound solid waste management. The map to the right and table below show the high level of commitment local governments have to ensuring solid waste is managed properly within their communities. By protecting the environment, local environmental code officers help to maintain the current and future environmental and economic viability of their communities. Local Environmental Ordinances, Enforcement FY 2001 City County Governments with local 273 123 ordinances prohibiting littering: Illegal dumping 261 131 Burning residential waste 195 70 Burning yard trimmings 163 44 Governments with local code 120 86 enforcement officers Local Governments with Environmental Code Enforcement Officers, FY 2001 Dade Catoosa Walker Whitfield Murray Fannin Gilmer Union Towns Rabun White Habersham Chattooga Floyd Gordon Bartow Pickens Cherokee Lumpkin Dawson Hall Forsyth Stephens Banks Franklin Hart Jackson Madison Elbert Code Enforcement Officer County City Both County and City Polk Cobb Gwinnett Barrow Clarke Paulding Haralson DeKalb Walton Oconee Oglethorpe Wilkes Lincoln Douglas Fulton Rockdale Carroll Clayton Newton Morgan Greene Taliaferro Columbia Fayette Henry Warren McDuffie Heard Coweta Spalding Butts Jasper Putnam Hancock Glascock Richmond Troup Meriwether Pike Lamar Monroe Jones Baldwin Jefferson Washington Burke Upson Harris Talbot Bibb Wilkinson Crawford Twiggs Johnson Jenkins Screven Muscogee Marion Chatta- Taylor Peach Macon Houston Bleckley Laurens Emanuel Treutlen Candler Bulloch Effingham hoochee Schley Stewart Webster Sumter Quitman Randolph Terrell Lee Dooly Pulaski Dodge Crisp Wilcox Turner Ben Hill gMomonetr-y Wheeler Toombs Telfair Evans Tattnall Jeff Davis Appling Long Bryan Liberty Chatham Clay Calhoun Dougherty Worth Irwin Tift Coffee Bacon Wayne McIntosh Early Baker Miller Mitchell Colquitt Berrien Cook Atkinson Pierce Brantley Glynn Seminole Decatur Grady Thomas Brooks Lanier Lowndes Clinch Ware Charlton Camden Echols Map prepared by: Georgia Department of Community Affairs, 2001 Data Source: Office of Environmental Management and the 2001 Solid Waste Management Survey and Full Cost Report. E-2 Community Solid Waste Management Systems 2002 Update Community Indicators One tool local governments can use to gauge how well they are managing their solid waste is to review their solid waste management index ranking in DCA's Community Indicators. Annually, DCA awards points to local governments for implementing sound solid waste management practices such as recycling, education, and effective yard trimmings management programs. The points earned establish an environmental ranking in DCA's Community Indicator listing. The Community Indicators listing ranks information on an individual city or county basis to provide a sense of how well a particular community is doing in important areas such as education, health, environment, and local government service delivery. Communities must have their Solid Waste Management Plan and Short Term Work Program up to date to be considered for ranking. Aggressive recycling programs and educational programs also earn them points. The following tables list the solid waste management ranking for Georgia cities and counties in 2001. To see a local government's complete Community Indicator profile, look on the Department of Community Affairs Web site, at www.dca.state.ga.us/commind/default.asp For information on steps you can take to improve solid waste management in your community, contact the Georgia Department of Community Affairs at (404) 679-4940. Community Indicators County Rankings Extra Effort Counties: Atkinson Barrow Bartow Bibb Bulloch Butts Camden Carroll Catoosa Charlton Chatham Chattahoochee Chattooga Cherokee Clayton Clinch Colquitt Columbia Coweta Crisp Dade Decatur DeKalb Dougherty Douglas Early Effingham Elbert Emanuel Evans Fayette Forsyth Fulton Gilmer Glynn Gordon Grady Greene Gwinnett Habersham Hall Harris Hart Houston Johnson Jones Lamar Laurens Lowndes McIntosh Monroe Morgan Newton Oconee Oglethorpe Peach Pike Polk Putnam Rabun Schley Screven Spalding Stephens Sumter Taylor Thomas Tift Treutlen Troup Walton Ware Wayne Wheeler White Wilcox Wilkinson Adequate Effort Counties: Appling Burke Bacon Calhoun Baldwin Candler Banks Clay Ben Hill Coffee Bleckley Cook Brantley Crawford Brooks Dodge Floyd Dooly Echols Fannin Franklin Glascock Haralson Heard Jackson Jasper Jefferson Lee Lumpkin Madison Marion McDuffie Mitchell Montgomery Paulding Pierce Pulaski Rockdale Tattnall Toombs Towns Twiggs Union Walker Washington Webster Whitfield Wilkes Worth Minimal Effort Counties: Baker Berrien Dawson Hancock Jeff Davis Lanier Lincoln Meriwether Miller Quitman Seminole Stewart Talbot Telfair Terrell Turner Upson Warren Counties not in compliance with state laws for Solid Waste Management: Cobb Jenkins Pickens Henry Murray Taliaferro* Community Indicators City Rankings Extra Effort Cities: Acworth Albany Aldora Alpharetta Americus Aragon Atlanta Attapulgus Austell Avondale Estates Bainbridge Barnesville Blakely Bogart Bowman Bremen Brooklet Buford E-3 Community Solid Waste Management Systems 2002 Update Community Indicators City Rankings Extra Effort continued Butler Byron Cairo Calhoun Camilla Canton Carrollton Cartersville Cave Spring Centerville Chamblee Chickamauga Clarkesville Claxton Cleveland Cobbtown Cochran College Park Colquitt Comer Conyers Cornelia Covington Dacula Dahlonega Dalton Decatur Doraville Douglas Douglasville Dublin Duluth Eastman Eatonton Elberton Fitzgerald Folkston Forest Park Forsyth Fort Valley Gainesville Good Hope Gray Griffin Grovetown Guyton Hapeville Harlem Hartwell Hazlehurst Hinesville Homeland Ila Ivey Jackson Jersey Jesup Jonesboro Kennesaw Kingston LaGrange Lake City Lavonia Lawrenceville Lilburn Lincolnton Loganville Lookout Mountain Lula Lumpkin Lyons Macon Madison Marietta McCaysville McRae Metter Milner Monroe Montezuma Morrow Morven Moultrie Newnan Nicholls Norcross Ocilla Omega Oxford Pelham Pembroke Perry Pine Mountain Pinelake Plains Adequate Effort Cities: Abbeville Colbert Adairsville Collins Adel Commerce Adrian Concord Ailey Coolidge Alamo Cordele Allenhurst Crawfordville Andersonville Cusseta Ashburn Cuthbert Baldwin Daisy Ball Ground Dallas Bartow Darien Barwick Dasher Baxley Davisboro Bellville Dawson Berkeley Lake Demorest Berlin Dexter Bethlehem Doerun Blackshear Donalsonville Bloomingdale Dudley Boston East Dublin Bowdon East Ellijay Brinson Ellenton Brooks Ellijay Buckhead Emerson Buena Vista Enigma Canon Fayetteville Carl Flemington Carnesville Flovilla Cedartown Flowery Branch Centralhatche Franklin Chester Franklin Springs Clarkston Ft. Oglethorpe Clayton Garden City Clermont Garfield Climax Gay Georgetown Gibson Gillsville Glennville Glenwood Gordon Grantville Grayson Greensboro Hagan Hahira Hamilton Haralson Hawkinsville Helen Hiltonia Hogansville Homer Hoschton Ideal Iron City Jakin Jefferson Jenkinsburg Keysville Kingsland Kite LaFayette Lake Park Lakeland Leary Lenox Leslie Lexington Lithonia Louisville Ludowici Lumber City Lyerly Manassas Manchester Mansfield Marshallville Maxeys McIntyre Meansville Meigs Midville Midway Milledgeville Mitchell Molena Monticello Moreland Morgan Mount Vernon Mountain Park Mt. Zion Nahunta Nashville Nicholson Norman Park Oakwood Ochlocknee Offerman Oglethorpe Orchard Hill Palmetto Parrott Patterson Pavo Peachtree City Minimal Effort Cities: Alapaha Arcade Alto Arlington Avera Baconton Blue Ridge Bluffton E-4 Pooler Reidsville Richmond Hill Rincon Riverdale Roberta Rochelle Rome Roswell Royston Savannah Screven Shiloh Siloam Smyrna Snellville Social Circle Soperton St. Marys Statesboro Stone Mountain Sugar Hill Summerville Swainsboro Pinehurst Plainville Port Wentworth Portal Porterdale Poulan Powder Springs Preston Quitman Rebecca Remerton Reynolds Riceboro Richland Riverside Rockmart Rocky Ford Roopville Rutledge Sale City Sandersville Sardis Sasser Scotland Senoia Sky Valley Smithville Sparks Sparta Stapleton Statham Stillmore Summertown Suwanee Sycamore Sylvester Bostwick Braselton Sylvania Temple Thomasville Thomson Tifton Toccoa Trion Turin Tybee Island Union City Valdosta Vidalia Villa Rica Warner Robins Washington Watkinsville Waycross White Plains Winder Woodbine Zebulon Talbotton Tallapoosa Tallulah Falls Talmo Tennille Thomaston Thunderbolt Tignall Trenton Twin City Tyrone Union Point Uvalda Varnell Vienna Wadley Walnut Grove Walthourville Warm Springs Warrenton Waynesboro West Point Whigham White Whitesburg Williamson Winterville Woodbury Woodland Woodstock Woodville Wrens Wrightsville Yatesville Braswell Bronwood Community Solid Waste Management Systems 2002 Update Community Indicators City Rankings - Minimal Effort continued Broxton Buchanan Byromville Cadwell Camak Carlton Cecil Coleman Crawford Culloden Danielsville Dawsonville Desoto Dillard Edgehill Edison Ephesus Funston Geneva Harrison Helena Hephzibah Hiram Hoboken Irwinton Jeffersonville Junction City Lilly Luthersville Maysville Milan Newington Newton Norwood Odum Pineview Pitts Pulaski Ray City Rayle Rentz Resaca Riddleville Ringgold Rossville Shellman Springfield Toomsboro Tunnel Hill Ty Ty Unadilla Vidette Waco Warwick Willacoochee Cities not in compliance with state laws for Solid Waste Management: Between* Eton* Lithia Springs Bowersville* Fairburn Locust Grove Chatsworth* Hampton McDonough Cumming Jasper Millen East Point* Jersey Mineral Bluff * Nelson Sharon Stockbridge Talking Rock *Local governments marked with an asterisk were not in compliance with the State's Minimum Planning Standards and Procedures for Solid Waste `'Management at the end of FY 2001 (June 30, 2001.) However, they have subsequently met State solid waste and planning requirements. For a government's current status, go online to www.georgiaplanning.com. For more information regarding Georgia's solid waste management or for a glossary of terms used in this report, contact the Georgia Department of Community Affairs, Office of Environmental Management at 404-679-4940, or online at www.dca.state.ga.us/environmental/swar.html E-5 MSW and C&D Landfill Tipping Fees 2002 Solid Waste Management Update With over 26 years of permitted Municipal Solid Waste landfill capacity and more than13 years of permitted Construction and Demolition landfill capacity remaining, Georgia continues to have some of the lowest landfill tipping fees east of the Mississippi River. For a more detailed discussion on remaining permitted landfill capacity, please see DCA's Remaining Capacity and Disposal section of this report available online at www.dca.state.ga.us/environmental/swar.html. Annually during the month of July, DCA conducts a phone survey of the landfills in the state to identify their posted "gate rate" or "tipping fee" to calculate a regional and statewide average disposal fee. Based upon these surveys, the average tipping fee for Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) in the state rose from $31.97 per ton in 2001 to $33.50 in 2002. It should be noted that the fees reported represent an average of the posted gate rate charged by landfills throughout the state; actual prices paid are frequently lower, sometimes by more than half, depending on volume discounts offered to waste haulers, businesses, and local governments. DCA also tracks tipping fees for Construction and Demolition (C&D) waste. C&D tipping fees fell from a 2001 statewide average of $25.94 per ton to $21.47 in 2002. They fell even lower, to an average of $19.74 a ton in the area served by the Atlanta Regional Commission (ARC). The significant drop in the statewide C&D average tipping fee is largely attributable to the high volume of C&D waste handled within the ARC region. Remaining Landfill Capacity, FY 2001 North Georgia Georgia Mountains Coosa Valley Atlanta Regional Commission Northeast Georgia Legend Less than 10 years 10 - 19 years 20 - 29 years 30 years and above Chattahoochee Flint McIntosh Trail Central Savannah River Area Middle Georgia Lower Chattahoochee Middle Flint Heart of Georgia - Altamaha Coastal Georgia Southwest Georgia South Georgia Southeast Georgia Map prepared by: Georgia Department of Community Affairs Source: All information pertaining to annual tonnage, remaining landfill capacity and estimated closure dates was supplied by Environmental Protection Division. MSW Landfill Tipping Fees, 2002 North Georgia Coosa Valley Georgia Mountains Atlanta Regional Commission Northeast Georgia Legend $20.00 - $24.99 $25.00 - $29.99 $30.00 - $34.99 $35.00 and above Chattahoochee Flint McIntosh Trail Central Savannah River Area Middle Georgia Lower Chattahoochee Middle Flint Heart of Georgia - Altamaha Coastal Georgia Southwest Georgia South Georgia Southeast Georgia Source: Georgia Department of Community Affairs, Office of Environmental Management - phone survey, 2002 F-1 MSW and C&D Landfill Tipping Fees 2002 Update Average Tipping Fees Paid at Georgia MSW Landfills Region 2001 Average 2002 Average MSW MSW Tipping Fee Tipping Fee Atlanta Regional Commission Central Savannah River Area Chattahoochee Flint Coastal Georgia Coosa Valley Georgia Mountains Heart of Georgia-Altamaha Lower Chattahoochee McIntosh Trail Middle Flint Middle Georgia North Georgia Northeast Georgia South Georgia Southeast Georgia Southwest Georgia State of Georgia $33.32 $31.75 $29.00 $40.64 $31.34 $31.91 $28.51 $27.00 $30.25 $33.00 $26.52 $30.50 $35.91 $30.96 $27.80 $21.48 $31.97 $35.66 $30.96 $29.00 $42.77 $31.74 $32.03 $28.79 $27.00 $30.56 $33.03 $27.29 $30.27 $36.47 $32.03 $27.93 $24.65 $33.50 MSW Landfill Tipping Fees, 2001 North Georgia Coosa Valley Georgia Mountains Atlanta Regional Commission Northeast Georgia Legend $20.00 - $24.99 $25.00 - $29.99 $30.00 - $34.99 $35.00 and above Chattahoochee Flint McIntosh Trail Central Savannah River Area Lower Chattahoochee Middle Georgia Middle Flint Heart of Georgia - Altamaha Southwest Georgia South Georgia Southeast Georgia Coastal Georgia Source: Georgia Department of Community Affairs, Office of Environmental Management - phone survey, 2001 Average Tipping Fees Paid at Georgia C&D Landfills Region 2001 Average 2002 Average C&D Tipping Fee C&D Tipping Fee Atlanta Regional Commission Central Savannah River Area Chattahoochee Flint Coastal Georgia Coosa Valley Georgia Mountains Heart of Georgia-Altamaha Lower Chattahoochee McIntosh Trail Middle Flint Middle Georgia North Georgia Northeast Georgia South Georgia Southeast Georgia Southwest Georgia State of Georgia $26.47 $19.18 $21.12 $28.55 $23.13 $25.75 $23.27 $25.00 $26.40 N/A* $24.76 N/A* $22.29 N/A* $22.84 $20.00 $25.94 $19.74 $24.75 $20.99 $30.95 $24.09 $25.32 $16.08 $25.00 $26.40 N/A* $25.35 N/A* $24.89 $25.75 $22.87 $20.00 $21.47 *No landfills within this RDC reported charging a separate rate for C&D waste. C&D Landfill Tipping Fees, 2001 North Georgia Georgia Mountains Coosa Valley Atlanta Regional Commission Northeast Georgia Legend N/A $20.00 or less $20.01 - $23.00 $23.01 - $27.00 $27.01 and above Chattahoochee Flint McIntosh Trail Central Savannah River Area Lower Chattahoochee Middle Georgia Middle Flint Heart of Georgia - Altamaha Coastal Georgia Southwest Georgia South Georgia Southeast Georgia Source: Georgia Department of Community Affairs, Office of Environmental Management - phone survey, 2001 Calculating Weighted Average Tipping Fees To account for vast disparities in tonnage received by large private facilities and small public operations, a weighted average tipping fee was calculated and used in this report. In the cases where out-of-county residents or businesses were charged a higher rate than in-county residents and businesses, the higher out-ofcounty rate was used. Tipping fees charged for MSW at transfer stations were not incorporated into the survey calculations. When tipping fee rates were reported by volume rather than weight, a ratio of four cubic yards to one ton (4 CY: 1 ton) was used to approximate weight-based rates. Weighted averages were calculated for the area served by each RDC and for the state by multiplying the Average Daily Tons received at each facility (ADT) by the per-ton gate fee, divided by the total ADT for all landfill facilities within each RDC and within the state. The process was repeated for C&D landfills. To avoid double counting, Average Daily Tonnage was assigned to the MSW column for those facilities charging the same rate for MSW and C&D waste. Most facilities charge the same rate for C&D and MSW received, but a significant number do not. In these cases, the landfills were asked to provide an approximate ratio of MSW to C&D waste received. Weighted averages were calculated using the method described above, with the Average Daily Tons reported split accordingly between MSW and C&D. For facilities that reported receiving no C&D waste, their fees were not used in calculating average C&D fees. In all RDCs, this dropped the average C&D fee, in some cases resulting in no C&D average cost for certain RDCs. F-2 MSW and C&D Landfill Tipping Fees 2002 Update MSW Landfill Tipping Fees, 2002 North Georgia Coosa Valley Georgia Mountains Atlanta Regional Commission Northeast Georgia Legend $20.00 - $24.99 $25.00 - $29.99 $30.00 - $34.99 $35.00 and above Chattahoochee Flint McIntosh Trail Central Savannah River Area Middle Georgia Lower Chattahoochee Middle Flint Heart of Georgia - Altamaha Coastal Georgia Southwest Georgia South Georgia Southeast Georgia Source: Georgia Department of Community Affairs, Office of Environmental Management - phone survey, 2002 C&D Landfill Tipping Fees, 2002 North Georgia Coosa Valley Georgia Mountains Atlanta Regional Commission Northeast Georgia Legend N/A $20.00 or less $20.01 - $23.00 $23.01 - $27.00 $27.01 and above Chattahoochee Flint McIntosh Trail Central Savannah River Area Middle Georgia Lower Chattahoochee Middle Flint Heart of Georgia - Altamaha Coastal Georgia Southwest Georgia South Georgia Southeast Georgia Source: Georgia Department of Community Affairs, Office of Environmental Management - phone survey, 2002 Data Collection Telephone calls were made to landfill scale houses and in some cases county commission offices to obtain posted gate rate fees charged at Georgia landfills. Calls were made in the end of July and early August, to 61 Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) landfills and 77 Construction and Demolition (C&D) waste landfills. Georgia has one incinerator, one industrial landfill and one monofill that takes only baled carpet waste; these facilities were not included in the calculation of average tipping fees. Note that on the C&D Landfill Tipping Fees maps, the area represented by the South Georgia RDC changed from yellow in FY 2001, indicating the landfills in that region did not charge a separate rate for C&D waste, to light blue in FY 2002, indicating they did. The MSW landfill in Ben Hill County, located in the South Georgia RDC also reported charging different rates for C&D waste and MSW in FY 2002. Cook County, also located in the South Georgia RDC, reported no waste received at its C&D landfill in FY 2001, but did report receiving waste during FY 2002. F-3 MSW and C&D Landfill Tipping Fees 2002 Update Landfill Tipping Fees: A Regional Perspective As reported in Waste News magazine's October 2002 Market Handbook, the average landfill tipping fee in Georgia in 2002 was $31.92, with no distinction made between MSW and C&D waste. From the table below, it is evident that the tipping fees charged in Georgia are on par or slightly higher than the fees charged throughout the southeast, with the exception of Florida and the Virginias. The prices reported by Waste News in the Northeast are far higher, with a regional average of $52.94 per ton, and a high of nearly $69 per ton in the state of Massachusetts. Southeastern U.S. Landfill Tipping Fees State Average Cost per Ton Alabama $30.94 Arkansas $25.05 Florida $38.13 Georgia $31.92 Kentucky $30.75 Louisiana $25.21 Mississippi $26.10 North Carolina $31.49 South Carolina $32.74 Tennessee $29.86 Virginia $40.28 West Virginia $35.17 Southeastern Total $32.90 Source: Waste News October 2002 Market Handbook Southeastern U.S. Tipping Fees, 2002 Legend 22.01 - 24.99 25.00 - 29.99 30.00 - 34.99 35.00 - 45.00 Kentucky West Virginia Virginia Arkansas Tennessee Mississippi Alabama Louisiana North Carolina South Carolina Georgia Florida Data source: Waste News Magazine, October 2002 Market Handbook Map prepared by: Georgia Department of Community Affairs, 2002 For more information regarding Georgia's solid waste management or for a glossary of terms used in this report, contact the Georgia Department of Community Affairs, Office of Environmental Management at 404-679-4940, or online at www.dca.state.ga.us/environmental/swar.html F-4 Grants and Loans to Local Governments 2002 Solid Waste Management Update During Fiscal Year 2002, nearly 4.7 million dollars in Solid Waste Trust Fund (SWTF) receipts were awarded to Georgia communities to help them manage their solid waste. By fostering the development of local integrated solid waste management programs, the SWTF, funded by a $1 per tire fee when new tires are purchased in the state, is used to prevent and abate abandoned and illegally disposed scrap tires. The Fund is used to support the Environmental Protection Division's (EPD) Local Government Enforcement and Education Grant program, the Georgia Environmental Facilities Authority's (GEFA) Recycling and Waste Reduction Grant program, solid waste programs offered by the Department of Community Affairs (DCA) and other State Agencies, and local government programs striving to reduce and manage the solid waste generated within Georgia. In addition to the programs supported by the SWTF, the Georgia Environmental Facilities Authority and Department of Community Affairs have other grant and loan programs available to local governments to support their solid waste management efforts. Environmental Protection Division (EPD) EPD's Local Government Enforcement and Education grant program supports local efforts to prevent and enforce against illegal scrap tire and solid waste disposal. Enforcement officials know that illegal scrap tire piles have an unpleasant habit of appearing and reappearing and the support they receive from the Enforcement and Education grant program helps them prevent their spread. The program gives local governments financial incentives to use enforcement and education activities to address: 1. The management of scrap tires, including preventing the illegal dumping of scrap tires; 2. Solid waste reduction and the controlling of illegal dumps; and 3. Other environmental issues. An eligible applicant may be comprised of one or more local governments. Grant funds are available for establishing and maintaining a Local Environmental Compliance Program that uses both enforcement and education to meet program goals. Continued grant funding is not guaranteed from year to year; renewal requests are based upon need, the performance of the Local Environmental Compliance Program, and the availability of funds. Grant information and application material for the Local Government Enforcement & Education program are available on the Environmental Protection Division's Web site, www.dnr.state.ga.us, under `Environmental' then under `Technical Guidance.' Or, contact Lon Revall at 404-362-4500 or email lon_revall@mail.dnr.state.ga.us EPD disbursed over 3.1 million dollars in Local Government Enforcement & Education grants in FY 2002. The program funded projects in 55 communities, offsetting the local costs to develop and maintain a local code enforcement program to prevent and enforce against the illegal disposal and management of scrap tires and solid waste. A list of communities awarded grants in 2002 and a map of their distribution across the state can be found on the following page. G-1 Grants and Loans to Local Governments 2002 Update Scrap Tire Enforcement and Education Grant Awards FY 2002 Local Government Enforcement and Education Grant Awards FY 2002 Community Amount Community Amount Community Amount Augusta-Richmond Co. $62,597 Effingham County $45,860 Pike County $43,298 Baldwin County $43,920 Elbert County $47,394 Putnam County $80,528 Banks County $41,564 Evans County $28,996 Rabun County $48,000 Bartow County $64,174 Fannin County $46,127 Rockdale County $56,220 Bibb County Butts County $103,505 Floyd County $42,028 Forsyth County $53,981 Stephens County $57,492 Tattnall County $45,171 $35,320 Cherokee County $50,502 Fulton County $57,910 Terrell County $42,414 City of Albany $63,428 Glynn County $72,000 Thomas County $79,014 City of Griffin $48,000 Hall County $67,970 Tift County $62,909 City of Roswell $69,211 Jasper County $36,896 Toombs County $61,938 City of Sylvester $88,364 Jones County $40,100 Towns County $37,191 Coffee County $75,364 Laurens County $79,653 Athens-Clarke Co. $60,945 Columbia County $49,835 Lumpkin County $44,591 Union County $40,454 Dalton/Whitfield RSWMA $40,000 Madison County $45,426 Walker County $86,809 Dawson County $84,123 Morgan County $40,000 Walton County $50,207 Decatur County $48,000 Murray County $47,948 Wayne County $44,635 DeKalb County $95,857 Newton County $125,257 White County $35,603 Douglas County $48,315 Oglethorpe County $41,820 TOTAL $3,102,153 Douglasville $12,390 Pickens County $80,897 G-2 Grants and Loans to Local Governments 2002 Update Georgia Environmental Facilities Authority (GEFA) GEFA annually administers a Recycling and Waste Reduction Grant program funded by the SWTF that is intended to help local governments foster an integrated approach to solid waste management by supporting waste reduction, recycling, and composting programs. Grants of up to $50,000 are available to qualified cities, counties, and solid waste authorities. Demonstration projects or projects that implement an integrated solid waste management plan designed to help the state reach its waste reduction goal may receive grants of up to $200,000. Grant applications are typically due in late March and reviewed in mid-April. Awards are typically announced in May. GEFA Recycling and Waste Reduction Grant applications are available by request or can be downloaded from the GEFA Web site at www.gefa.org. Contact Erin Kelley at 404-656-0938 or e-mail ekelley@gefa.org to request an application or to obtain more information about GEFA's Recycling and Waste Reduction Grant program. GEFA disbursed $1,575,000 in Recycling and Waste Reduction Grants in FY 2002. The program funded projects in 35 local communities, offsetting the local costs of waste reduction and recycling through the purchase of equipment for local government recycling centers and supporting the development of integrated solid waste management plans. A list of communities awarded grants in 2002 and a brief description of their program are included in the table below. Community City of Adairsville Recycling and Waste Reduction Grants FY 2002 Amount Description $15,211 Refurbish existing recycling center, concrete pad for composting area. Baker County $125,000 Poultry litter composting demonstration project program. Baldwin County $17,038 Purchase pre-engineered metal building, skid-steer loader & fork attachments. Charlton County/City of Folkston Chattooga County $25,000 Replace compactor truck and purchase 15 additional utility trailers. $43,186 Purchase high capacity chipper for mulching of brush for mulching program. Cherokee County $50,000 Construct new recycling center. City of Claxton $40,000 Purchase front end loader with attachment, enhance existing recycle center with loading dock fence. Clinch County/Fargo $44,444 Purchase wood chipper, bins, renovate center & educate public. Decatur County $20,000 Purchase various educational materials & recycling containers for recycling center. Elberton/Elbert County $70,830 Renovate the recycling center's roof and door. Floyd County $72,000 Improve public education program, curbside collection and remote transfer stations and equipment. Forsyth County $30,000 Construct new recycling center in North Forsyth County. Fort Oglethorpe $9,150 Purchase four trailers & one waste oil-fired EPA approved furnace. Glynn County $20,000 Institute curbside recycling and public education program for residents. Grady County $9,000 Purchase four recycling collection igloos for the local high school. Hall County $8,200 Develop a listserve and complimentary Web site. Hart County $49,500 Purchase eight recycling containers and freight cost. City of Hazelhurst $51,961 Construct parking lot, gated fence, lighting and signage at recycling center. Jesup/Wayne County $50,000 Purchase 150 covered containers to replace wire bins for OCC collection program. Jones County $26,179 Construct four used oil and battery collection facilities & purchase three recycling containers. Laurens County $50,000 Develop 2 new drop-off recycling centers. G-3 Grants and Loans to Local Governments 2002 Update Community Lumpkin County Madison County Oconee County City of Pembroke Pickens County City of Roswell City of Snellville Spalding County Treutlen County City of Valdosta Walton County Ware County City of Waycross McDuffie County Recycling and Waste Reduction Grants FY 2002 (cont'd) Amount Description $200,000 Construct recycling center, purchase baler, satellite drop stations & public education. $16,000 Purchase skid-steer, bins, oil, trailer and recycling center signs. $10,000 Purchase home composting bins for public distribution. $20,000 Improve curbside recycling program w/ education of public. $60,000 Construct additional convenience center in western section of the county. $50,000 Expand and enhance recycling center's customer service area. $50,000 Purchase baler, forklift, baler building, bale storage building and office. $31,000 Construct walking trail using crumb rubber, install playground & fitness station in center. $18,655 Purchase a baler, build shed w/electricity for baler, concrete pad and bins for Corrugated Cardboard. $47,646 Develop a regional composting project. $50,000 Construct 100x40x20 ft. addition to Walton Co Recycling Center. $20,000 Purchase one refuse truck, 5 trailers, 20 hampers and 40 cages. $100,000 Design an organic recycling composting program. $75,000 Construct 1/2 mile recycled tire and rubber product athletic track around town park. $1,575,000 Another financial support program offered by GEFA is their low interest revolving loan program available to local governments. Drawing upon funds from their bond proceeds and revolving loan program, GEFA loaned $1,201,365 to three local jurisdictions during FY 2002. Recipient Atkinson County SWMA City of Berlin City of LaGrange Loan Amount $181,365 $20,000 $1,000,000 GEFA Loans FY 2002 Project Description Refinance existing landfill equipment including a compactor, dirt pan, refuse collection truck and containers. City of Berlin will assume the responsibility of picking up trash instead of a private hauler. City wants to purchase curbside containers and retrofit its barrel truck with two cart tippers to empty the containers into the truck. Construct additional Subtitle D cells, vertically expand existing cells, install a leachate recirculation system, install a methane gas collection system, and construct a landfill gas generating facility. G-4 Grants and Loans to Local Governments 2001 Update Department of Community Affairs (DCA) DCA annually administers a Local Development Fund Grant program, a state appropriated grant program that provides matching grants to finance community improvement activities, including solid waste management projects. Grants are typically awarded in maximum amounts of $10,000 for single community projects and $20,000 for multi-community projects. Applications are reviewed based on the following criteria: Feasibility including such factors as reasonableness of budgets and timetables, adequate consideration of all the factors necessary for implementation, commitment from other funding sources, etc. Impact of the project on the community and community need. During FY 2002, one grant for $8,686 was awarded to the City of Gibson, to purchase a sanitation vehicle. Semi-annual competitions are held in the spring and fall of each year. More information on the Local Development Fund is available on DCA's Web site, at www.dca.state.ga.us or contact Cynthia Easley at 404679-4789 or ceasley@dca.state.ga.us. For more information regarding Georgia's solid waste management or for a glossary of terms used in this report, contact the Georgia Department of Community Affairs, Office of Environmental Management at 404-679-4940, or online at www.dca.state.ga.us/environmental/swar.html G-5 Glossary of Terms Definitions derived from the Georgia Comprehensive Solid Waste Management Act, O.C.G.A. 12-8-20 et seq. Closure a procedure approved by EPD which provides for the cessation of waste receipt at a solid waste disposal site and for the securing of the site in preparation of postclosure Collection Operation/ Collector The person or persons as defined herein who, under agreement, verbal or written, with or without compensation does the work of collecting and/or transporting solid waste, from industries, offices, retail outlets, businesses, institutions, and/or similar locations, or from residential dwellings, provided however, that this definition shall not include an individual collecting and/or transporting waste from his own single family dwelling unit Commercial solid waste all types of solid waste generated by stores, offices, restaurants, warehouses, and other non-manufacturing activities, excluding residential and industrial wastes Compost: a stable, odor-free humus used as a soil amendment that results from the controlled biological decomposition of organic matter. Compost is typically blended into the soil to help nourish vegetation and retain moisture. Composting the controlled biological decomposition of organic matter into a stable, odor-free humus Construction and Demolition Waste: any waste building materials and rubble resulting from construction, remodeling, repair, and demolition operations on pavements, houses, commercial buildings and other structures. Such wastes include, but are not limited to asbestos containing waste, wood, bricks, metal, concrete, wall board, paper, cardboard, inert waste landfill material, and other nonputrescible wastes which have a low potential for groundwater contamination. Disposal facility any facility or location where the final deposition of solid waste occurs and includes, but is not limited to, landfilling and solid waste thermal treatment technology facilities Drop-off centers staffed or unstaffed facilities with collection bins for household solid waste and, usually, recyclables Generator any person in Georgia or in any other state who creates solid waste Green boxes common name for large, unmanned solid waste collection bins. Industrial solid waste solid waste generated by manufacturing or industrial processes or operations that is not hazardous waste regulated under the Georgia Hazardous Waste Management Act. Such waste includes, but is not limited to, waste resulting from the following manufacturing processes: electric power generation, fertilizer and agricultural chemicals, food and related products and by-products; inorganic chemicals; iron and steel products; leather and leather products; non-ferrous metal and foundry products; organic chemicals; plastics and resins; pulp and paper; rubber and miscellaneous plastic products; stone, glass, clay and concrete products; textiles; transportation equipment and water treatment. The term does not include mining waste or oil and gas waste. Landfill an area of land on which or an excavation in which solid waste is placed for permanent disposal and which is not a land application unit, surface impoundment, injection well or compost pile Leachate collection system a system at a landfill for collection of the leachate which may percolate through the waste and into the soils surrounding the landfill Materials recovery facility a solid waste handling facility that provides for the extraction from solid waste of recoverable materials, materials suitable for use as a fuel or soil amendment, or any combination of such materials Mulch: Yard trimmings that have been size-reduced by grinding, chipping, or shredding and used on top of the soil to retain moisture around vegetation, or for aesthetic purposes. Municipal solid waste any solid waste derived from households, including garbage, trash, and sanitary waste in septic tanks and solid waste from single-family and multifamily residences, hotels and motels, bunkhouses, campgrounds, picnic grounds, and day use recreation areas. The term includes yard trimmings and commercial solid waste but does not include solid waste from mining, agricultural or silviculture operations, or industrial processes or operations Municipal solid waste disposal facility Municipal solid waste landfill any facility or location where the final deposition of any amount of municipal solid waste occurs, whether or not mixed with or including commercial or industrial solid waste, and includes, but is not limited to, municipal solid waste landfills and municipal solid waste thermal treatment technology facilities a disposal facility where any amount of municipal solid waste, whether or not mixed with or including commercial waste, industrial waste, non-hazardous sludges, or small quantity generator hazardous waste, is disposed of by placing an approved cover thereon Operator the person stationed on the site who is in charge of and has direct supervision of daily field operations of a municipal solid waste facility to ensure that the facility operates in compliance with the permit Pay -As-You - Throw an equity funding system for local solid waste management where customers are charged for solid waste services based on the amount of waste they dispose, thereby creating an incentive for recycling and waste reduction. Permit-by -rule facility a solid waste operation that requires notification of EPD within 30 days of commencing activities and compliance with criteria established in DNR rules for that category of operation Postclosure a procedure approved by EPD to provide for long-term financial assurance, monitoring, and maintenance of a solid waste disposal site to protect human health and the environment Recovered materials those materials which have known use, reuse, or recycling potential; can be feasibly used, reused, or recycled; and have been diverted or removed from the solid waste stream for sale, use, reuse, or recycling, whether or not requiring subsequent separation and processing Recovered materials processing facility a facility engaged solely in the storage, processing, and resale or reuse of recovered materials. Such term shall not include a solid waste handling facility; provided, however, any solid waste generated by such a facility shall be subject to all applicable laws and regulations relating to such solid waste. Recycling any process by which materials that would otherwise become solid waste are collected, separated, or processed and reused or returned to use in the form of raw materials or products Solid waste handling the storage, collection, transportation, treatment, utilization, processing or disposal of solid waste or any combination of such activities Solid waste handling facility any facility, the primary purpose of which is the storage, collection, transportation, treatment, utilization, processing, or disposal, or any combination thereof, of solid waste Waste-to-energy facility a solid waste handling facility that provides for the extraction and utilization of energy from municipal solid waste through a process of combustion Yard trimmings leaves, brush, grass clippings, shrub and tree prunings, discarded Christmas trees, nursery and greenhouse vegetative residuals, and vegetative matter resulting from landscaping, development and maintenance other than mining, agricultural and silvicultural operations