Georgia Department of Juvenile Justice Recidivism Report Fiscal Year 2007 Table of Contents Introduction 2 Methodology 3 Release Population 6 Recidivism of Release Population 10 Time to Failure 14 Juvenile Cohort Methodology 15 Recidivism by District and County 17 Appendix A 20 Appendix B 21 Georgia Department of Juvenile Justice Recidivism Report 2009 August 2009 Planning Research and Program Evaluation Josh Cargile, Programmer Analyst Art Seavey, ESTIS Group Consultant Sheila Hunter, Director 1 Introduction The Georgia Department of Juvenile Justice (DJJ) recidivism report measures all juvenile releases into the community and follows them until the end of a three- year follow-up period or until a subsequent adjudicated offense. During fiscal year 2007, DJJ released 12,062 unique juveniles into the community while under DJJ supervision, or after DJJ supervision. Due to repeated releases by individual youth, the total sum of unique releases was 13,754. Within a one- year follow-up period of each release, 32.7 percent of releases ended in recidi- vating events. Fiscal Year 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 All Fiscal Years Juveniles 12,884 13,909 13,429 12,261 12,062 49,907 Releases 14,804 15,986 15,517 14,051 13,754 74,112 One-year delinquent recidivism rate 27.4 30.0 31.5 32.0 32.7 DJJ's release population has been decreasing in number every year since 2004, but its recidivism rate has been increasing each year since 2003. This report in- vestigates these trends in the context of juvenile risks, initial offenses, recidivat- ing offenses, and other influencing factors. This report also provides the results of alternate recidivism approaches to facilitate comparison with other states. Georgia Department of Juvenile Justice Recidivism Report 2009 2 Methodology This report analyzes juvenile release co- horts. Release cohorts are distinct from ju- venile cohorts in that a juvenile can have multiple releases. Each release begins with the first day a youth becomes "at risk" for reoffending in the community and ends af- ter three years or the day a new qualifying offense occurs. DJJ's Recidivism Definition Adjudication for delinquent or criminal acts after a juvenile is released into the community while under DJJ supervision or after DJJ supervision Juveniles For the purposes of this report, Georgia classifies a juvenile as any individual who is: (A) Under the age of 17 years old; (B) Under the age of 21 years, who committed an act of delinquency before reaching the age of 17 years, and who has been placed under the supervision of the court or on probation to the court; or (C) Under the age of 18 years, if alleged to be a "deprived child" or a "status of- fender". DJJ Supervision This report investigates recidivating events for juveniles who have been placed under DJJ supervision on probation, short term placement, or as committed youth. A juvenile who receives an informal adjustment or is transferred to Supe- rior Court is not considered under DJJ supervision. Also, juveniles who serve their probation under Independent Court Services1 are not under DJJ supervision. Most metro counties are served by fully Independent courts. Juveniles super- vised through Independent Court Services represent approximately half of Geor- gia's probated juveniles and are not captured in this analysis. 1. The seventeen counties with Independent courts are Chatham, Clayton, Cobb, Columbia, Crawford, DeKalb, Dougherty, Floyd, Fulton, Glynn, Gordon, Gwinnett, Hall, Peach, Spalding, Troup, and Whitfield. This report does not capture recidivating events following probation from these counties. Georgia Department of Juvenile Justice Recidivism Report 2009 3 Methodology Release into the Community Measured time to recidivating events begins at the point of a juvenile's release into the community. This point may be at the start of a new probation or com- munity commitment or when a juvenile is released from secure confinement. Measurement begins at the point of release into the community because this is when the youth has the opportunity to commit a new offense and impact public safety. This approach also facilitates comparison among dispositional groups by disregarding the time a juvenile is held in secure confinement. Most offenders are still under DJJ supervision when they are released to community on proba- tion, in aftercare or in residential placements. Recidivating Events Rather than tracking a juvenile cohort, our recidivism rate captures each release into the community and subsequent recidivating event. This methodology cap- tures multiple recidivating events for the same juvenile as unique recidivating events. This approach focuses on outcomes by placement rather than legal status. Follow up Period Recidivism is measured for a period of at least one year from time of release into community and extended two or three years depending on data availability at the time of reporting. The majority of recidivism, as observed by Georgia DJJ and other states, occurs within the first year --marking an important window for analysis. The extended follow up period of three years describes long term out- comes. This method of examining all releases to the community during a single year, while following juveniles for a three-year at-risk period, is carried out for FY2003 through FY2007. By definition, full three-year follow up periods have not oc- curred for FY2006 or FY2007. Georgia Department of Juvenile Justice Recidivism Report 2009 4 Methodology Linking to Adult Corrections A juvenile may legally be an adult during the at-risk follow up period after their release into the community. Juvenile records are linked with adult conviction data so that adult recidivating events are captured in our analysis. The data pro- vided by Georgia Department of Corrections provides the offense date for incar- cerated adult offenders and the probation start date for probated adult offend- ers. Since our juvenile recidivism analysis uses the date of offense in our analy- sis, we estimated the adult probation date of offense by subtracting an estimated average court processing time (90 days) from the probation start date. This re- port does not capture multiple adult criminal offenses since once a juvenile has been tried in adult court they are no longer released from DJJ. Originating versus Recidivating Offenses Originating offense is the juvenile offense associated with a specific release into the community. Recidivating offense is the recidivating event after a youth is re- lease into the community. Status versus Delinquent Offenses A youth may start in a release group with either a delinquent or status originating offense. However, the recidivating offense type can be analyzed as being either delinquent, criminal or status recidivism. Delinquent offenses are juvenile misde- meanor or felony offenses. Criminal offenses are adult offenses. Delinquent and Criminal offenses are combined into the total delinquent recidivism rates. Status offenses are those acts committed by youth that would not be considered legally valid were the juvenile an adult at the time of the offense. As such, status offenses are lesser offenses. They do not indicate the same level of recidivism or public safety impact and will be monitored separately. Single, Most Serious Offense For each release event, an offender may be adjudicated on multiple offenses. The recidivism dataset takes into account only the single, most serious offense re- lated to the current adjudication or conviction. Georgia Department of Juvenile Justice Recidivism Report 2009 5 Release Population During the 2007 fiscal year, 12,062 unique juveniles were released into the com- munity after a juvenile judicial adjudication. Some juveniles were released multi- ple times within a year. There were 13,754 total releases in FY2007. Similarly, since many juveniles re- offend over multiple years, the sum of unique juveniles in each year is more than the total unique juveniles released from Ex 1: Releases and Unique Juveniles in Release Group by Fiscal Year Fiscal Year Releases Juveniles 2003 14,804 12,884 2004 15,986 13,909 2005 15,517 13,429 2006 14,051 12,261 2007 13,754 12,062 All Fiscal Years 74,112 49,907 FY2003 to FY2007. During the past four years, the number of juve- niles released and the number of releases both decreased by nearly Ex 2: Releases by Race, FY 2007 14 percent. A ma- jor portion of this Hispanic Other 4.2% 1.3% decrease is attribut- able to the decrease in white juvenile releases which dropped 25 percent from 6,405 releases in 2003 to White 5,118 releases in 2007. With a comparatively stable 37% Black number of black releases, the proportion of black 57% youth released from DJJ increased from 52 percent to 57 percent. Ex 3: Releases by Disposition, FY 2003 and FY 2007 The disposition of the 1.2% youth at the time of 2003 49.5% their release has 15.6% 16.6% 6.1% 5.6% 5.3% shifted slightly from 0.7% 2003 to 2007. The proportion of releases 2007 49.2% 9.4% 24.0% 5.3% 7.0% 4.3% on probation, which can be considered the lowest level of entry Georgia Department of Juvenile Justice Recidivism Report 2009 6 Release Population into the agency, has remained very stable. How- Ex 4: Releases by Gender, FY 2007 ever, the use of Short-Term Placement (STP) seems to have converted to use of STP plus probation. Also, releases from committed residential place- ments have slightly increased while releases from Female 25% Youth Development Campuses (YDC) have slightly decreased. Male 75% The gender break-down by disposition exhibits a 3:1, male to female, ratio for all dispositions except for the increase in the Ex 5: Gender by Disposition, All Fiscal Years proportion of females on probation and the Female 30.5% decrease in the pro- 69.5% 24.5% 75.5% 23.2% 76.8% 22.6% 77.4% 25.0% 75.0% 23.2% 76.8% 13.1% 86.9% portion of females in Male YDC commitment. Just over half of those released from DJJ had no delinquent history prior to the offense Ex 6: Adjudication History Prior to they were being released on. As such, over half of Originating Offense, FY 2007 DJJ's juvenile population made contact with DJJ for the first time. > 3> 3 8.08.%2% Exhibit 7 shows the originating offense of those released into the community by fiscal year. Al- though the number of misdemeanors and felonies have remained relatively steady, there has been a 1 to3193t.o2%3 38.8% No Priors No52P.r6i%ors 53.2% decline in the number of status offenses. This may be due to improvements in graduated sanc- Georgia Department of Juvenile Justice Recidivism Report 2009 7 Release Population tions and limits on entry Ex 7: Severity of Originating Offense by Fiscal Year into STP. 7,599 7,818 DJJ primarily serves youth Misdemeanor 6,544 6,762 6,937 entering DJJ supervision Felony 4,748 5,014 4,943 5,257 5,053 between the ages of 14 and 16 years old. Exhibit Status 3,017 2,992 2,473 8 shows the offence 1,879 1,647 types by age from the least serious to the most serious. Generally speak- 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 ing, youth participation in more serious acts peak at age 16 while participation in less serious acts peak at age 15. While DJJ continues to serve juveniles who turn 17 while under DJJ supervision, any new acts are processed in the adult system. 20,000 Ex 8: Severity of Originating Offense by Age at Time of Disposition, All Fiscal Years 15,000 10,000 5,000 0 8 Violent and Violent Sex Property Weapons Violation Drug Selling Drug Use Sex Non-violent Public Order and Traffic Technical Violation M/F Status 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Georgia Department of Juvenile Justice Recidivism Report 2009 8 Release Population DJJ developed a validated assessment tool for identifying youth needs and their risk for reoffending. The Comprehensive Risk and Needs assessment (CRN) is ad- ministered at the time of entry into DJJ's care (except when a youth is placed in STP alone). The use of the Ex 9: Releases Receiving a Comprehensive Risk and Needs CRN has improved signifi- Assessment by Disposition, FY 2003 and FY 2007 cantly between FY 2003 and FY 2007. The biggest FYF2Y0200303ReRleelaesaesses 727%3% 313%2% 696%7% 858%6% 969%6% 858%4% 595%5% FFYY22000077 RReelleeaasseess 9912%% 3472%% 8887%% 9955%% 110000%% 110000%% 98% improvement has been for committed juveniles re- leased from secure con- Has HaCs RN finement at the Youth De- CRN velopment Campuses No CRN (YDC Cmt.) No CRN As juveniles enter deeper levels of the juvenile jus- tice system, the risk level composition reflects in- creased likelihood of re- cidivating. Ex 10: Risk Level of Releases by Disposition, All Fiscal Years 100% HIGH 75% MED 50% LOW 25% 0% n/a Georgia Department of Juvenile Justice Recidivism Report 2009 9 Recidivism of Release Population Ex 11: Recidivism Rates of All Releases by Fiscal Year Delinquent Recidivism Rate (%) Years from Release into Community One Two Three Total # 2003 27.4 8.4 4.4 40.2 5,947 2004 30.0 8.8 4.6 43.4 6,934 2005 31.5 7.9 4.0 43.4 6,740 2006 32.0 8.5 2007 32.7 Status Recidivism Rate (%) Years from Release into Community One Two Three Total # 10.6 1.3 0.3 12.2 1,799 7.4 1.0 0.3 8.6 1,377 6.0 0.9 0.3 7.2 1,115 5.6 0.8 5.0 # Releases Not Recidivating 7,058 7,675 7,662 Exhibit 11 presents the one, two, and three year delinquent and status recidivism rates for the entire release population by fiscal year. Delinquent recidivating events have increased steadily from Fiscal Year 2003 to 2007. During this time- period, status recidivating events have steadily decreased. Ex 12: One Year Recidivism Rates by Race, FY 2007 38.2% Delinquent 31.0% Delinquent recidivism rates con- tinue to be disproportionately high for male and black populations. 24.7% The status recidivism rate contin- 19.1% ues to be disproportionately high for females. 5.2% 4.6% 5.6% 7.9% Recidivism rates peak at the age of Status release of 14 years old. Black White Hispanic Ex 13: One Year Recidivism Rates by Gender, FY 2007 35.9% Other Ex 14: One Year Recidivism Rates by Age at Release, FY 2007 50% 40% Delinquent 4.0% Status Male 22.8% 8.0% Female 30% 20% Delinquent 10% Status 0% 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Georgia Department of Juvenile Justice Recidivism Report 2009 10 Recidivism of Release Population The severity of a recidivating offense is weakly predicted by the originating of- fense. A much stronger predictor of the severity of recidivating offense is the CRN risk score. Ex 15: Severity of 1-year Recidivating Offense by Originating Offense, FY 2007 Recidivating Offense None Status Misdemeanor Felony Felony 62.5% 2.7% 15.3% 19.1% Originating Offense Misdemeanor 63.5% 3.8% 22.2% 10.2% Status 58.1% 17.4% 15.8% 8.4% Ex 16: Severity of 1-year Recidivating Offense by CRN Risk Score, FY 2007 Recidivating Offence None Status Misdemeanor High Risk 41.5% 4.5% 24.4% Felony 29.7% CRN Risk Score Medium Risk 48.7% 5.2% 24.5% 21.6% Low Risk 67.0% 5.3% 17.1% 10.6% no CRN 61.9% 3.7% 21.0% 13.4% Georgia Department of Juvenile Justice Recidivism Report 2009 11 Recidivism of Release Population Ex 17: One Year Delinquent Recidivism Rate by Disposition 41.3% 46.6% YDC Cmt. 45.1%Community Cmt. 42.9% STP + Probation 34.5% 34.6% 30.1% 24.9% 24.8% 22.2% 34.3% YDC + Residential Cmt. 32.8% STP 25.5% Probation 24.4% Residential Cmt. 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Between FY 2003 and FY 2007 delinquent recidivism rates have increased. The delinquent recidivism rate for juveniles who have been released from YDC com- mitment increased most significantly by twelve percent. This increase may be re- Ex 18: CRN Risk Scores of juveniles released from YDC by Fiscal Year High 2007 Medium Low 19% 2% No CRN 39% 40% lated to the increasing 2006 proportion of medium 0% 35% 44% 20% or high level CRN risk scores of juveniles re- 2005 3% leased from YDC. 2004 32% 39% 25% 26% 37% 21% 15% * FY 2003 is eliminated from this graphic because over 45% of the 2003 YDC release population did not have CRN scores Georgia Department of Juvenile Justice Recidivism Report 2009 12 Recidivism of Release Population Designated felons are a subgroup of the Committed population that require time served in secure detention. Comparing designated felons to regular committed juveniles shows that des- Ex 19: Delinquent Recidivism Rates by Years from Release, FY 2005 ignated felons have a 52% lower recidivism rate. 48% 48% Even when differences in CRN risk levels are ac- counted for, you see a persistent difference in the recidivism rates. Regular Commitment 42% 36% Designated Felons 28% This difference may be due to the maturity of 1 2 3 designated felons at time of their release. Ex 20: Comparative Delinquent Recidivism Rates by CRN Risk Levels, FY 2005-07 Due to their generally longer stay in secure confinement the average age at release for desig- nated felons is 17 com- pared to 15 for regular committed juveniles. 35% 8% 35% 12% 44% 35% Regular YDC Cmt. DF YDC Cmt. 51% 40% No CRN Low Med High Georgia Department of Juvenile Justice Recidivism Report 2009 13 Recidivism: Time to Failure Analysis of the time between a juvenile's release into the community and subse- quent recidivating events indicates that half of all expected recidivists commit a subsequent delinquent act by 286 days or within nine and a half months. Ex 20: Cumulative Delinquent Recidivism Rate by Days from Release, All Fiscal Years 50% 40% 30% half of all recidivists return within 286 days 20% 10% 0% 0 365 730 1095 Ex 21: Female and Male Delinquent Recidivism by Days from Release, All Fiscal Years 70% 60% Male 50% 40% Female 30% 20% 10% 0% 0 365 730 1095 By fitting the time-to- failure curves, we can estimate that 55 per- cent of youth released that will recidivate within their lifetime. Broken down by gen- der: female recidivism is expected to level off at under 40 percent whereas male recidi- vism lingers to about 67 percent. From this analysis, we also observe that the median time to return is significantly shorter for females than for males. Half of all fe- male recidivists return within 210 days, or seven months, while half of all male recidi- vists return within 329 days, or eleven months. Georgia Department of Juvenile Justice Recidivism Report 2009 14 Recidivism: Juvenile Cohort Methodology Until now, this report has calculated recidivism as a measure of releases into the community, regardless of whether a juvenile appears multiple times within a group. This technique has implications for resource usage and public safety as each new offense is captured in the recidivism rate. Other measures of recidivism track individual juveniles using a unique juvenile cohort approach. For purposes of comparison and because some information cannot be analyzed without the unique juvenile cohort methodology, the follow- ing section compares the DJJ recidivism rate with two alternate recidivism meas- ures. Ex 22: Recidivism Outcomes using Three Methodologies, FY 2005 and FY 2007 A) Release Events B) Juvenile Cohort Delinquent Recidivism Rate (%) Status Recidivism Rate (%) Years from Release into Community Years from Release into Community # Releases One Two Three Total # One Two Three Total # Not Recidivating 2005 31.5 7.9 4.0 43.4 6,740 6.0 0.9 0.3 7.2 1,115 7,662 2007 32.7 5.0 # Juveniles Not Recidivating 2005 29.3 7.9 4.1 41.2 5,539 5.8 0.9 0.3 7.0 939.0 6,951 2007 30.7 4.7 C) Juvenile Cohort 2005 23.5 7.0 3.8 34.2 2,816 5.5 1.1 0.3 6.9 571 [First Time Offenders Only] 2007 24.4 4.3 4,842 Methodology A is the release approach described and used in this report. Methodology B, measures a unique set of juveniles released during a given year and determines what percentage of that starting population recidivates to at least one delinquent offense within the follow up period. This measurement dis- tinguishes between recidivating juveniles and non-recidivating juveniles but does not track multiple offenses by the same juvenile. Methodology C only analyzes first-time offenders. This approach excludes previ- ous repeat offenders from the starting population in a given year because those recidivating juveniles were captured in previous years' recidivism rates. This ap- proach then follows methodology B by determining what percentage of the start- ing population recidivates. Georgia Department of Juvenile Justice Recidivism Report 2009 15 Recidivism: Juvenile Cohort Methodology Methodology B is most commonly performed by Ex 23: Outcome of First Recidivating other jurisdiction and as such this rate is more Event, FY 2007, Methodology B Cohort with 1-year follow-up suited for comparison to other adjudication- based recidivism rates. Adult Inmate Adult Probation 1% 1% Methodology B and C both produce lower re- cidivism rates than Methodology A. By exclud- ing repeat offenses (Methodology B) or repeat offenders (Methodology C), they discount the recidivism of chronic offenders. No Recidivism 65% Juvenile Delinquent 28% That said, the juvenile cohort methodologies do Status 5% allow a much clearer analysis of the proportion of juveniles who do not reoffend. From the FY 2007 release cohort with one-year follow-up, 70 percent of juveniles had no new delinquent adjudications. That is a 30 percent delinquent recidivism rate. In comparison, the U.S. Department of Justice reports2 that states with similar re- cidivism measures3 averaged a 33 percent reconviction or re-adjudication rate. 2. H. Snyder, M Sickmund, "Juvenile Offenders and Victims: 2006 National Report." Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, March 2006, page 234. 3. Georgia DJJ recidivism measure is similar to those in Alaska, Florida, Kentucky, Maryland, North Dakota, Okla- homa and Virginia Georgia Department of Juvenile Justice Recidivism Report 2009 16 Recidivism by District and County Further analysis of the recidivism measured as releases to the community, allows us to look at recidivism by physical state regions, districts and counties. The map on the next page shows that many more youth are released into the community in urban areas than rural areas, but their recidivism rate is not neces- sarily higher. For fiscal year 2007, At- lanta-metro District 3B had the highest rates of one-year delinquent re- cidivism. This was closely followed by the mostly rural District 10 in the south-west cor- ner of Georgia. Ex 24: One Year Recidivism Rate by District, FY 2007 3B 10 9 3A 6 12 8 4 7 5 1 11 2 All Districts 2.6% 5.4% 2.5% 5.0% 2.9% 5.8% 4.7% 1.2% 5.8% 6.1% 2.7% 3.6% 5.0% 12.1% 20.4% 36.0% 35.9% 35.6% 34.8% 34.8% 34.5% 34.4% 32.9% 32.2% 29.0% 28.5% 28.3% 32.7% Georgia Department of Juvenile Justice Recidivism Report 2009 17 Mapped Release Population by County Ex 25: Number of Releases by County of Residence, FY 2007 42 143 53 76 79 87 83 49 26 101 93 118 267 4 19 16 52 30 61 43 42 89 74 18 26 121 44 21 37 0 to 50 50 to 100 100 to 250 250 to 700 82 71 228 19 283 317 147 338 551 375 288 238 181 201 193 344 307 126 65 80 23 265 61 26 42 30 25 19 10 12 2 42 15 1 40 360 129 135 27 55 74 52 94 36 46 27 678 8 1 2 38 53 595 11 11 7 17 21 19 32 39 339 39 163 17 14 21 6 1 97 25 22 52 18 11 87 30 83 51 67 52 19 125 85 60 71 33 79 21 143 123 45 59 28 293 80 9 18 8 57 253 19 87 81 30 1 77 11 30 12 103 27 25 103 60 143 18 33 156 13 2 17 47 12 28 89 15 89 74 20 Georgia Department of Juvenile Justice 18 Mapped Recidivism by County Ex 26: One Year Delinquent Recidivism Rates by County of Residence, FY 2007 27% 24% 36% 16% 22% 31% 25% 36% 23% 28% 30% 29% 24% 19% 12% 26% 18% 18% 19% 21% 24% 18% 36% 23% 16% 30% 22% 19% 26% 0% to 20% 20% to 30% 30% to 35% 35% to 55% 21% 18% 27% 22% 37% 27% 40% 33% 28% 31% 15% 24% 29% 23% 36% 31% 28% 41% 34% 29% 27% 27% 15% 31% 26% 16% 31% 18% 34% 20% 29% 26% 34% 27% 0% 36% 43% 32% 16% 27% 32% 25% 29% 29% 35% 31% 28% 34% 17% 28% 32% 30% 25% 27% 30% 20% 38% 17% 20% 33% 41% 30% 28% 33% 37% 28% 39% 13% 29% 0% 32% 19% 49% 31% 23% 28% 36% 34% 26% 23% 27% 36% 38% 42% 24% 37% 26% 27% 20% 29% 31% 27% 18% 23% 22% 29% 44% 31% 22% 24% 44% 25% 30% 36% 11% 32% 30% 27% 20% 29% 22% 16% 22% 18% 17% 26% 29% 37% 20% 30% 32% 26% 38% 31% 24% 25% 31% 22% 22% 11% Georgia Department of Juvenile Justice 19 YDC + Residential Cmt. Residential Cmt. Community Cmt. STP + Probation Appendix A: Recidivism Rates by Disposition Probation STP Delinquent Recidivism Rate (%) Years from Release into Community One Two Three Total # 2003 22.2 7.2 3.5 32.9 2,413 2004 23.9 7.4 4.1 35.4 2,557 2005 24.6 6.7 3.7 35.0 2,460 2006 25.7 6.6 2007 25.5 One Two Three Total # 2003 30.1 8.0 4.8 42.8 991 2004 34.9 9.0 4.9 48.8 1,162 2005 34.1 8.2 4.7 47.0 1,048 2006 36.7 7.9 2007 32.8 One Two Three Total # 2003 34.5 8.0 3.5 46.0 1,133 2004 35.9 8.4 3.8 48.1 1,836 2005 40.0 7.8 3.7 51.5 1,987 2006 42.4 8.5 2007 42.9 One Two Three Total # 2003 41.3 8.9 4.4 54.7 455 2004 43.7 9.1 5.2 58.0 495 2005 44.5 8.4 3.7 56.5 555 2006 43.0 9.1 2007 45.1 One Two Three Total # 2003 24.8 13.4 8.9 47.1 429 2004 23.6 15.6 6.9 46.1 438 2005 21.4 15.1 6.4 42.9 313 2006 22.6 16.4 2007 24.4 Status Recidivism Rate (%) Years from Release into Community One Two Three Total # 11.5 1.6 0.4 13.5 990 7.1 1.1 0.4 8.6 621 5.8 1.1 0.4 7.3 513 5.9 1.2 5.6 One Two Three Total # 9.5 0.6 0.0 10.2 236 7.4 0.7 0.1 8.2 195 5.6 0.4 0.0 6.1 137 5.4 0.5 3.9 One Two Three Total # 17.3 1.6 0.1 19.0 467 10.6 0.8 0.2 11.7 445 8.2 0.8 0.2 9.2 356 7.1 0.3 5.3 One Two Three Total # 3.7 0.7 0.2 40.6 39 3.6 0.8 0.1 37.4 39 4.5 0.5 0.0 38.5 49 3.9 0.6 3.9 One Two Three Total # 2.4 1.5 0.8 4.7 43 2.7 1.6 0.4 4.7 45 3.3 1.2 0.3 4.8 35 2.3 1.5 3.4 # Releases Not Recidivating 3,926 4,039 4,055 # Releases Not Recidivating 1,087 1,024 1,046 # Releases Not Recidivating 861 1,537 1,514 # Releases Not Recidivating 338 319 378 # Releases Not Recidivating 438 467 382 One Two Three Total # 2003 24.9 18.1 9.6 52.5 93 2004 36.7 21.1 3.9 61.7 79 2005 36.5 13.5 1.9 51.9 54 2006 31.3 21.7 2007 34.3 One Two Three Total # 2003 34.6 13.3 7.6 55.4 433 2004 36.0 13.1 8.3 57.4 367 2005 37.6 12.3 5.3 55.2 323 2006 39.2 15.1 2007 46.6 One Two Three Total # 2.8 1.1 0.0 4.0 7 5.5 0.8 0.0 6.3 8 1.0 1.0 2.9 4.8 5 2.6 - 2.0 One Two Three Total # 1.8 0.4 0.0 2.2 17 2.8 0.9 0.0 3.8 24 2.9 0.5 0.0 3.4 20 3.0 0.3 3.4 # Releases Not Recidivating 77 41 45 # Releases Not Recidivating 331 248 242 YDC Cmt. Georgia Department of Juvenile Justice Recidivism Report 2009 20 Appendix B: Recidivism Rates by District District 1 Delinquent Recidivism Rate (%) Years from Release into Community One Two Three Total # 2003 20.4 7.5 3.7 31.5 423 2004 24.7 8.7 4.3 37.6 525 2005 26.5 7.6 4.2 38.3 552 2006 26.6 7.3 2007 28.5 Status Recidivism Rate (%) Years from Release into Community One Two Three Total # 14.1 1.9 0.4 16.4 220 10.1 1.4 0.5 12.0 168 9.4 1.0 0.3 10.7 154 7.2 1.5 6.1 District 2 One Two Three Total # 2003 23.1 6.3 4.3 33.6 220 2004 21.8 7.8 3.8 33.4 240 2005 24.1 7.6 3.2 34.9 217 2006 23.8 6.5 2007 20.4 One Two Three Total # 10.1 2.3 0.0 12.4 81 10.3 1.8 0.4 12.5 90 7.9 1.0 0.3 9.2 57 4.1 0.5 3.6 District 3A One Two Three Total # 2003 28.2 8.0 5.3 41.5 809 2004 32.0 9.4 4.3 45.7 933 2005 34.9 8.5 3.6 47.0 916 2006 33.0 8.5 2007 34.8 One Two Three Total # 9.5 1.1 0.2 10.7 209 6.3 0.6 0.1 7.1 144 5.4 0.6 0.4 6.5 126 4.9 1.1 5.0 District 3B One Two Three Total # 2003 26.7 8.2 3.3 38.1 503 2004 31.1 8.6 4.7 44.4 617 2005 32.7 8.3 3.6 44.7 554 2006 34.5 8.2 2007 36.0 One Two Three Total # 14.8 0.6 0.2 15.6 206 6.4 1.2 0.2 7.8 108 4.4 0.7 0.2 5.3 66 3.6 1.0 2.6 District 4 One Two Three Total # 2003 25.7 9.2 4.0 38.9 402 2004 30.4 7.9 5.1 43.4 575 2005 32.9 8.0 4.0 44.8 522 2006 33.2 8.4 2007 32.9 One Two Three Total # 9.7 1.4 0.4 11.4 118 6.9 1.1 0.4 8.3 110 5.0 0.9 0.4 6.3 73 2.4 0.4 4.7 District 5 One Two Three Total # 2003 26.2 8.2 4.0 38.3 538 2004 29.1 7.4 3.7 40.2 636 2005 31.0 7.1 3.6 41.6 578 2006 29.0 8.8 2007 29.0 One Two Three Total # 12.2 2.6 0.7 15.5 217 7.0 1.3 1.0 9.3 147 5.7 1.7 0.3 7.6 106 4.6 1.1 5.8 District 6 One Two Three Total # 2003 30.8 7.3 3.8 41.9 519 2004 28.6 6.7 4.1 39.4 532 2005 29.4 6.8 2.7 38.9 497 2006 34.1 6.5 2007 34.8 One Two Three Total # 12.9 1.5 0.2 14.6 181 14.8 1.3 0.3 16.4 222 14.6 1.3 0.3 16.1 206 14.0 0.9 12.1 # Releases Not Recidivating 698 702 737 # Releases Not Recidivating 353 389 348 # Releases Not Recidivating 931 964 905 # Releases Not Recidivating 611 666 620 # Releases Not Recidivating 514 640 569 # Releases Not Recidivating 648 798 705 # Releases Not Recidivating 540 597 574 Georgia Department of Juvenile Justice Recidivism Report 2009 21 Appendix B (continued): Recidivism Rates by District District 7 Delinquent Recidivism Rate (%) Years from Release into Community One Two Three Total # 2003 32.9 8.0 3.9 44.7 463 2004 32.6 9.8 5.4 47.9 525 2005 33.0 8.8 4.9 46.7 538 2006 32.0 9.9 2007 32.2 Status Recidivism Rate (%) Years from Release into Community One Two Three Total # 8.0 0.3 0.3 8.6 89 4.6 0.6 0.0 5.3 58 2.5 0.4 0.0 2.9 34 3.4 0.1 1.2 District 8 One Two Three Total # 2003 33.2 10.8 4.2 48.2 441 2004 36.3 8.6 4.7 49.6 540 2005 38.6 8.2 4.1 51.0 583 2006 35.4 7.7 2007 34.4 One Two Three Total # 10.4 1.3 0.4 12.1 111 9.3 1.0 0.3 10.6 115 6.8 1.1 0.3 8.3 95 8.9 1.2 5.8 District 9 One Two Three Total # 2003 23.9 8.8 5.6 38.3 336 2004 28.1 10.7 4.9 43.7 359 2005 29.7 8.7 5.0 43.4 340 2006 31.4 9.4 2007 35.6 One Two Three Total # 11.5 1.8 0.3 13.7 120 6.1 0.9 0.0 6.9 57 4.7 1.1 0.4 6.3 49 3.7 0.4 2.5 District 10 One Two Three Total # 2003 24.9 9.6 4.5 39.0 376 2004 31.7 10.6 4.5 46.9 454 2005 34.0 8.3 4.2 46.5 465 2006 39.8 8.6 2007 35.9 One Two Three Total # 8.8 0.8 0.1 9.8 94 4.5 0.6 0.1 5.3 51 4.1 0.6 0.2 4.9 49 4.2 0.6 5.4 District 11 One Two Three Total # 2003 28.1 7.7 4.8 40.6 419 2004 28.1 7.1 5.7 40.9 487 2005 24.1 6.3 4.6 35.0 462 2006 25.9 10.2 2007 28.3 One Two Three Total # 8.3 1.2 0.3 9.8 101 5.3 0.3 0.3 5.9 70 4.3 0.8 0.1 5.2 68 4.4 1.0 2.7 District 12 One Two Three Total # 2003 32.3 10.0 5.7 48.0 498 2004 33.3 12.4 4.6 50.3 511 2005 35.4 9.7 4.8 50.0 516 2006 32.9 11.1 2007 34.5 One Two Three Total # 4.2 0.5 0.0 4.7 49 3.3 0.3 0.1 3.6 37 2.5 0.4 0.2 3.1 32 2.3 0.4 2.9 # Releases Not Recidivating 483 514 581 # Releases Not Recidivating 363 434 466 # Releases Not Recidivating 422 406 395 # Releases Not Recidivating 494 463 487 # Releases Not Recidivating 511 634 790 # Releases Not Recidivating 490 467 485 Georgia Department of Juvenile Justice Recidivism Report 2009 22