DEPARTMENT OF JUVENILE JUSTICE Recidivism Update Program Recidivism Rates FY 1998 FY2003 FY 2005 Recidivism Update for FY1998 FY 2003 Overview This report was prepared by the Research, Planning, and Program Evaluation Unit of the Office of Technology and Information Services. The purpose of this document is to provide DJJ managers with data that will support them during their policy making process. This report will be updated annually. Project Staff Eugene M. Pond, Statistical Research Analyst Ann Watkins, Senior Operations Analyst Joshua Cargile, Programmer Llewellyn Jenkins, Lead Consultant Keith Parkhouse, Project Manager II, Planning, Research and Program Evaluation Unit Doug Engle, Chief Information Officer March, 2005 Planning, Research and Program Evaluation Unit Department of Juvenile Justice 3408 Covington Highway Decatur, Georgia 30032 http://www.djj.state.ga.us/ Program Recidivism Update for FY 1998 FY 2003 Page DRAFT Table of Contents Executive Summary .................................................................................................. 2 Introduction ........................................................................................................... 5 Purpose ................................................................................................................. 5 Methodology .......................................................................................................... 6 Results & Discussion ................................................................................................. 7 One Year Recidivism Trends .................................................................................... 8 Three Year Recidivism Trends ................................................................................... 10 Basic Characteristics Affecting Recidivism .................................................................... 12 Part 2: Other Characteristics Affecting Recidivism ......................................................... 16 State Recidivism Comparisons .................................................................................... 17 Appendix A ............................................................................................................ 18 Appendix B ............................................................................................................ 32 References .............................................................................................................. 40 Program Recidivism Update for FY 1998 FY 2003 DRAFT Page Special Notes This report incorporates an important departure from how probation recidivism rates were calculated in the FY2004 report.1 The special database used in the FY2004 recidivism report included "historical" offense and sentencing information from Georgia's Independent Courts (county funded). This type of "historical" information is routinely entered into the JTS2000 record system by staff in DJJ and shared court service offices when a youth is admitted to a Regional Youth Detention Center (RYDC). This meant information for youth placed on probation by an independent court, but never subsequently admitted to an RYDC, was missing in JTS2000. This process biased probation recidivism rates; they only approximated a state-wide measure. In an attempt to remedy the problem with probation data and provide better estimates in response to State Legislative requests, DJJ's Chief of Staff asked all independent courts to share relevant information on youth placed on probation in their jurisdictions. Three counties (Fulton, Clayton, and Gwinnett) were able to contribute their historical data in time to be included in the FY2005 recidivism report. Probation data for the remaining independent courts were not used in our recidivism calculations for this report. While several other counties have subsequently responded their data will have to be included in the FY2006 report. However, current probation recidivism rates still remain biased in DJJ's five administrative regions depending upon the number of independent courts in the region. 1 Research Brief: Baseline Recidivism Rates FY1998 FY2002, March 2004. Program Recidivism Update for FY 1998 FY 2003 Page 1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Information in this report is organized in two parts. Part 1. In this part we provide updated one, two, and three-year recidivism rates for the three major types of programs operated by DJJ over the past six fiscal years (FY1998 through FY2003). See the sidebar for a program summary. Two measures were used to assess the post-release criminality of 95,946 youthful offenders who were placed on Probation, released from a Short Term Program (STP) or a Commitment Program during this period. Commitment programs include Non-Secure Residential programs, Home placements, and YDC facilities. Tables for the individual commitment programs are available in Appendix A. Youth were designated as part of a program's "release" cohort if they were placed "at risk" for re-offending in their community during the same fiscal year. Recidivism Summary FY98-FY03 Programs DJJ Program Number Released Average 1-Year Rate (%) Average 3-Year Rate (%) Probation 52,660 13.5 30.8 STP (Total) 27,559 38.1 54.8 Commitments (Total) 15,727 27.8 49.7 Combined Programs 95,946 22.9 40.7 (FY98-FY03) The post-release criminality of a cohort's members was assessed by a "recidivism rate" (the percentage of releases that failed at some point during their three-year follow-up period) and the average number of days elapsing between the youths' release and their first recidivating event during their follow-up ("Time-To-Failure" or TTF). Part 2. In this part we present new findings from an ongoing study of how demographic and youth characteristics affect recidivism. The new variables we examined consisted of youth responses to selected questions drawn from the CRN,2 and the poverty level in a youth's county of residence. The poverty measure was obtained from the 2000 Census. An average one-year recidivism rate based on combined DJJ programs was used to assess the post-release criminality of youth released during FY02-FY03. Basic Findings: Part 1 We used an analysis of variance (ANOVA) to determine if a change in 1-year recidivism rates was significant or could have occurred by chance. Using this procedure we compared a program's rate in FY03 with its average for FY98-FY02. For 3-year rates, the comparison was between a program's rate in FY01 (most current cohort with three years of follow-up) and the program's average for FY98-FY00 (all previous cohorts with three years of follow-up). One Year Recidivism Rates. One-year recidivism rates for all major programs changed significantly in FY03. STP rates decreased 20% (down from 39.2 in FY98FY02 to 31.4 in FY03). Commitment program rates decreased 16% (down from 28.4 in FY98FY02 to 23.9 in FY03). Probation rates increased 88% (up from 12.0 in FY98FY02 to 22.6 in FY03). The increase in Probation recidivism rates appears to be, at least in part, the result of not using prior Probation dispositions for youth that received such a disposition from an independent court in our rate calculations. Three Year Recidivism Rates. Three-year recidivism rates for all major programs changed significantly in FY01. Commitment program rates decreased 13% (down from 51.3 in FY98FY00 to 44.5 in FY01. STP rates decreased 9% (down from 55.9 in FY98FY00 to 50.8 in FY01. Probation rates increased 29% (up from 28.9 in FY98FY00 to 37.4 in FY01. 2 Comprehensive Risk/Needs Assessment (CRN). Program Recidivism Update for FY 1998 FY 2003 Page 2 Basic Findings: Part 2 Three new variables drawn from items on the CRN and one from county level data (Census 2000) were found to have a significant effect on 1-year recidivism rates. The charts on the right summarize the effects these variables had on 1year recidivism rates. They have been ordered by the variables' impact on recidivism. Average Recidivism Rate (%) Youth assessed on the CRN as having both criminal opportunities and criminal peers or associates had almost a 21% higher 1-year recidivism rate than youth assessed as having no criminal opportunities or criminal peers and associates. Youth under 14 years of age experienced the largest effect (a 28% higher 1-year rate). Youth assessed as having behavior problems in school had almost a 21% higher 1-year recidivism rate than youth assessed as having no behavior problems in school. Youth under 14 years of age experienced the largest effect (a 30% higher 1-year rate). Youth assessed as having substance abuse problems had almost a 12% higher 1-year recidivism rate than youth assessed as having no substance use problems. Youth under 14 years of age experienced the largest effect (a 23% higher 1-year rate). Youth residing in counties with over 10% of the population living below the poverty level had a 7% higher 1-year recidivism rate than those living in counties where less than 10% of the population fell below the poverty level. Again, youth under 14 years of age experienced the largest effect (a 16% higher 1-year rate). Average Recidivism Rate (%) Average Recidivism Rate (%) Average Recidivism Rate (%) 45 40.8 40 35 30 25 19.5 20 15 10 None Both Criminal Opportunty and Criminal Associates 45 40 35 30 25 20.4 20 15 10 No Problems 41.2 Behavior Problems School Behavior Problems 45 40 35 29.6 30 25 20 15 No Use 41.6 Substance Use Substance Use 30 25 18.5 20 15 10 5 0 Under 10% 25.8 Over 10% Percent of County Population below Poverty Le ve l Program Recidivism Update for FY 1998 FY 2003 Page 3 Conclusions & Recommendations Conduct a study of the type of placements and services different age groups have received and examine the influence other variables, e.g., family characteristics, education levels, mental health needs, and the level of after-care services and contacts, have had on age-specific recidivism rates and Time-ToFailure. This would help in better understanding, evaluating, and developing new service offerings. Develop a recidivism and TTF based evaluation model better suited to assessing the impact of programmatic changes occurring in small samples. This would extend the benefits and value of recidivism studies. Program Recidivism Update for FY 1998 FY 2003 Page 4 INTRODUCTION Recidivism, or post-release criminality, is measured in terms of the time elapsing between two events. Measurement starts the first day a youth becomes "at risk" for re-offending in the community and ends the day a new qualifying offense occurs. States that report recidivism figures for juveniles vary widely in their definition of what constitutes "release," "recidivism," as well as the length of the measurement or follow-up periods they employ. Their outcomes, however, are generally expressed as a "recidivism rate;" which is simply another way of saying the percentage of releases that re-offended or failed at some point during a state's designated follow-up period. Recent state recidivism reports often include cautionary notes about comparing recidivism rates. There is good reason for this practice. While recidivism rates for different programs and release methods can be compared, differences cannot be automatically attributed to the program/release method. A recidivism rate reflects the aggregate outcome of a quite complex process. Since recidivism rates are closely related to the length of the follow-up period, longer periods at risk (1-year vs. 2-years or 3-years) typically show higher levels of failure. Before we can safely compare recidivism rates, we need to ensure that the measurement processes are comparable in terms of: The definition of a failure or recidivating event, The amount of time allowed for tracking offenders to determine post-release criminality, The basic characteristics of the offenders released during a specified period of time and, How basic offender characteristics and other factors affected the aggregate rate. In DJJ's 2004 recidivism report a number of youth characteristics, demographic, and criminal history related factors were identified as influencing our young offender's recidivism rates. A number such factors were again selected for further examination in this study: Gender Race Age at release from a program 1st Time or Repeat Offender Status Most Serious current offense Length of Stay (LOS) in a program, Number of prior contacts with the court DJJ Region (youth's residence) Poverty Levels in the county of residence Youth Substance Use School Behavior Problems, and Criminal Opportunities and Criminal Peers/Associates Age at Release 1st Time or Repeat Offender Gender Aggregate Recidivism Rate Race Ethnicity Offe nse History (M SO) Other Factors and Combinations PURPOSE In this report we had two basic objectives: 1. To update the 1-year, 2-year, and 3-year recidivism rates and Time-To-Failure (TTF) measures for DJJ's three major types of programs: Probation, Short Term (STP), and Commitments (including Non-Secure Residential Commitments, Home Commitments, and YDC commitments). 2. Determine if any of the new variables introduced in this study (youth responses to various CRN items and county level demographics) have significant effects on recidivism rates. Program Recidivism Update for FY 1998 FY 2003 Page 5 METHODOLOGY DJJ's definition of a recidivist specifies three key features about how we measure recidivism: Requires an adjudication on a new delinquent charge or a conviction as an adult, Requires a "standard" three-year follow-up period to determine post-release criminality for released youth and, Implies dual searches of records from DJJ's Juvenile Tracking System (JTS2000) and Georgia's Department of Corrections to determine releases with a new adjudication on a delinquent charge or an Adult Probation or Adult Prison sentence (see Appendix B for a list of qualifying offenses). The Georgia Department of Juvenile Justice defines a recidivist as a youthful offender who has been adjudicated on a new delinquent charge or convicted as an adult within three years after release from, or while under an active juvenile court order of Probation, Commitment, or a Short Term Program (STP). Release Cohorts All youth released from a given type of program during the same fiscal year were designated a release cohort, e.g., the FY98 Probation cohort, the FY03 STP cohort, etc. Each youth in the FY98 - FY01 cohorts was followed-up for 3years after their release date (their first day at "risk" in their community + 1,095 days). For example, all youth released from the five types of programs during the period from July 1, 1997 to June 30, 1998 (the FY98 cohorts) were tracked until June 30, 2001. Youth released from the five programs during the period from July 1, 1998 to June 30, 1999 (the FY99 cohorts) were tracked until June 30, 2002. Youth released from the programs during the period from July 1, 1999 to June 30, 2000 (the FY00 cohorts) were tracked until June 30, 2003. Currently only those youth released during FY98 - FY01 could be tracked for a full three years. Youth released from programs during FY02 were tracked for 2-years; those released during FY03 were tracked for 1-year. Variables & Data Analysis Thirty data sets, six each for the five program cohorts contained 318 variables extracted or subsequently computed from data in DJJ's JTS2000 record system. The variables represented various youth and offense characteristics, the event dates necessary to calculate the TTF and recidivism measures, selected items from Part 1 of the Comprehensive Risk & Needs Assessment (CRN), as well as various county population level descriptors from the 2000 Census. All data sets were then merged and frequency counts run on the variables to determine the extent of any missing data elements in the records. SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, V.13) routines were used to conduct cross-tabulations, logistic and Cox regression analyses, and ANOVA (analysis of variance) tests between the TTF measures and recidivism rates. The significance level set for rejecting a hypothesis of no difference between event measures (the "null" hypothesis) was set at the 5%-level (P = .05, two-tailed test). Program Recidivism Update for FY 1998 FY 2003 Page 6 RESULTS & DISCUSSION PART 1 Overview of the Recidivism Process We can see in the sidebar and Figure 1 that there were large differences in the 1-year and 3-year recidivism rates for the three programs. Releases from STP programs had the highest average 3-year recidivism rate (55%); followed by releases from the Commitment programs (50%), and finally by Probation placements (31%). DJJ Program STP Total Commitments Probation 1yr Recidivism Rate 38 28 14 3yr Recidivism Rate 55 50 31 % Youth Returning in 1yr 71 56 39 The most striking feature about Figure 1 is the large difference in the percentage of youth that re-offend at some time during their first 12-months after release. For example, with the STP cohorts, over 70% of the total youth that we know failed in three years, did so within the first twelve months. In contrast, while the Probation cohorts had the lowest 3-year recidivism rate, 39% of the cohort's total recidivists re-offended within their first year after release. A large percentage of youth fail within a year after being placed "at risk." Recidivism studies typically report this pattern of early returns. The high proportion of "early returns" for program releases indicates we should be focusing more attention on identifying the periods of greatest risk in particular communities for different types of offenders. The process should start from the first day youth are released. Survival analysis procedures and Time-To-Failure (TTF) measures can be used to identify periods of higher risk in specific regions and communities for different age groups, as well as assessing the effectiveness of programmatic changes made to address the "early return" problem. Figure 1. Cumulative Monthly Recidivism Rates for the Three Major Programs (FY98-FY01 Cohorts). 60 1-Year 50 40 Cumulative Recidivism (%) 30 20 Probation 10 STP Commitments 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 Months from Release Program Recidivism Update for FY 1998 FY 2003 Page 7 In what follows, we will briefly discuss the recidivism and TTF trends for 1-year and 3-year follow-up periods for the three major programs. More detailed breakdowns for recidivism rates and Time-To-Failure measures for five programs are presented in Tables 1 12 (Appendix A). One Year Recidivism Trends % Recidivism 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 FY98 FY99 FY00 Probation STP FY01 Commitment FY02 FY03 Program Probation STP Commitment 1-Year Recidivism Rate Comparisons Norm Period Rate Comparison Year Rate FY98-FY02 FY03 12.0 22.6 39.2 31.4 28.4 23.9 Percent Change 88.3 -19.9 -15.8 Significant Change YES (p=.000) YES (p=.000) YES (p=.000) One Year Recidivism Rates. One-year recidivism rates for all major programs changed significantly in FY03. STP rates decreased 20% (down from 39.2 in FY98FY02 to 31.4 in FY03). Commitment program rates decreased 16% (down from 28.4 in FY98FY02 to 23.9 in FY03). Probation rates increased 88% (up from 12.0 in FY98FY02 to 22.6 in FY03). The increase in Probation recidivism rates is, in large part, the result of not using prior Probation dispositions in calculating rates for youth receiving this type of disposition from an independent court. Disregarding prior Probation dispositions does not affect STP or any of the Commitment program rates. Program Recidivism Update for FY 1998 FY 2003 Page 8 One Year Time-To-Failure Trends 250 200 TTF (Days) 150 100 50 0 FY98 FY99 FY00 Probation STP FY01 Com m itm ent FY02 FY03 Program Probation STP Commitment 1-Year Average Time-To-Failure (Days) Comparisons Norm Period Rate Comparison Year Rate Percent FY98 - FY02 FY03 Change 187 141 -24.6 132 128 -3.0 166 151 -9.0 Significant Change YES (p=.000) NO (p=.220) NO (p=.077) One Year Time-To-Failure. Only one TTF measure changed significantly in FY03. The TTF for the Probation cohort decreased 25% (down from 187 days in FY98FY02 to 141 days in FY03). In FY03 youth re-offended, on the average, about a month and a half sooner (46 days) than they did in the previous five years. While the STP and Commitment cohorts also showed shorter TTF these relatively small decreases were not significant. Program Recidivism Update for FY 1998 FY 2003 Page 9 Three Year Recidivism Trends % Recidivism 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 FY98 Program Probation STP Commitment FY99 FY00 Probation STP Commitment FY01 3-Year Recidivism Rate Comparisons Norm Period Rate Comparison Year Rate FY98 - FY00 FY01 28.9 37.4 55.9 50.8 51.3 44.5 Percent Change 29.4 -9.1 -13.3 Significant Change YES (p=.000) YES (p=.000) YES (p=.000) Three Year Recidivism Rates. Three-year recidivism rates for all major programs changed significantly inFY01. Commitment program rates decreased 13% (down from 51.3 in FY98FY00 to 44.5 in FY01. STP rates decreased 9% (down from 55.9 in FY98FY00 to 50.8 in FY01. Probation rates increased 29% (up from 28.9 in FY98FY00 to 37.4 in FY01. Program Recidivism Update for FY 1998 FY 2003 Page 10 Three Year Time-To-Failure Trends 920 910 900 890 TTF (Days) 880 870 860 850 840 FY98 FY99 FY00 Probation STP Commitment FY01 Program Probation STP Commitment 3-Year Average Time-To-Failure (Days) Comparisons Norm Period Rate Comparison Year Rate Percent FY98 - FY00 FY01 Change 895 865 -3.4 900 884 -1.8 899 881 -2.0 Significant Change YES (p=.000) YES (p=.042) NO (p=.052) Three Year Time-To-Failure. Two program TTF measures changed significantly in FY01. The TTF for the Probation cohort decreased 25% (down from 187 days in FY98FY02 to 141 days in FY03). In FY03 youth re-offended, on the average, about a month and a half sooner (46 days) than they did in the previous five years. While the STP and Commitment cohorts also showed shorter TTF these relatively small decreases were not significant. Program Recidivism Update for FY 1998 FY 2003 Page 11 Basic Characteristics Affecting Recidivism A regression analysis indicated that seven of the eight factors identified in the 2004 recidivism report continued to have an impact on recidivism rates and "Time-To-Failure." The eighth factor, "DJJ Region" was replaced by a new factor, the percentage of a county's population living below the poverty line. Age-at-Release, Gender, 1st-Time Offender status, and Length of Stay (LOS) in a program remained the most influential factors across programs. The following comments are based on the program outcomes in the sidebar. Age-at-Release. Youth younger than 14 have consistently had the highest 1-year and 3-year recidivism rates across programs. Similarly, those over 16 years of age have had the lowest rates. The difference between the two age groups after one year of follow-up is 20%. After three years the difference between them increases to 30%. Gender. Males consistently recidivate at significantly higher rates than females. After one year of follow-up, males have an 8% higher recidivism rate. After three years, the gender difference has increased to 20%. However, after three years of follow-up there is very little difference in the average amount of time they take to re-offend. Criminal History. First-Time offenders have consistently recidivated at significantly lower rates than youth admitted with at least one prior offense. The difference between 1st-Time and Repeat offenders' recidivism rates is 18% after one year of follow-up. After three years, the difference increases to 23% across programs. Length of Stay (LOS). For Probation, Non-Secure Residential, and Home commitment cohorts, LOS actually represents the length of time youth were supervised and treated in the community after placement. We can see in the sidebar that the supervision and treatment strategies associated with Probation, Non-Secure Residential commitments, and Home commitments have quite different TTF's. Moreover, these effects are maintained across all age-at-release groups. There are several ways to assess the effectiveness of community based supervision and treatment on re-offending. Ranking these programs on the basis of their associated TTF provides one index of their relative effectiveness. For example, if youth in Average Rates & Time-To-Failure (Days) for Two Follow-Up Periods DJJ Program & Youth Characteristics Number Released 1-Year Rate (%) 1-Year Av. TTF (Days) 3-Year Rate (%) 3-Year Av. TTF (Days) Probation Under 14 yrs. 14 to 16 Over 16 yrs. 52,660 13.5 176 30.8 890 6,320 19.5 182 46.7 897 29,443 16.3 173 34.6 884 16,897 6.5 180 19.3 898 1st Time Offenders Repeat Offenders Males Females STP (Total) Under 14 yrs. 14 to 16 Over 16 yrs. 1st Time Offenders Repeat Offenders Males Females 38,406 11.7 175 27.7 885 14,254 18.5 178 39.1 893 38,150 14.9 179 35.2 891 14,510 9.9 165 19.2 888 27,559 38.1 132 54.8 896 2,990 55.5 131 74.9 903 20,160 39.9 129 55.1 897 4,409 17.9 159 39.9 892 10,941 23.7 145 38.5 897 16,618 47.6 127 66.2 896 21,611 40.0 134 58.6 898 5,948 31.0 121 40.3 878 YDC Commitments Under 14 yrs. 14 to 16 Over 16 yrs. 1st Time Offenders Repeat Offenders Males Females 7,009 26.8 164 50.8 890 293 41.6 174 70.2 947 3,786 30.8 152 52.8 885 2,930 20.2 186 46.4 887 994 11.4 173 29.7 896 6,015 29.4 163 54.4 889 6,419 27.5 166 53.0 888 591 19.6 134 29.3 929 Non-Secure Residential 5,006 27.0 148 47.5 901 Under 14 yrs. 14 to 16 Over 16 yrs. 1st Time Offenders Repeat Offenders 490 35.3 156 67.8 892 3,322 30.6 143 49.9 900 1,194 13.7 169 34.9 906 758 21.8 147 38.4 880 4,248 27.9 149 49.4 904 Males Females Home Commitments Under 14 yrs. 14 to 16 Over 16 yrs. 3,795 29.6 152 54.2 901 1,211 18.9 126 27.3 887 3,712 29.7 110 49.4 903 321 39.6 106 71.4 901 2,146 35.1 100 54.2 899 1,245 17.9 147 37.0 909 1st Time Offenders Repeat Offenders 578 19.7 126 36.5 897 3,134 31.6 108 51.6 904 Males Females 2,869 32.2 112 54.8 902 843 21.4 103 31.4 910 Combined Commitment Programs (FY98-FY03) 15,727 27.8 145 49.7 895 Under 14 yrs. 1,104 38.2 146 69.4 913 14 to 16 9,254 31.7 135 51.9 892 Over 16 yrs. 5,369 18.2 174 41.9 895 1st Time Offenders Repeat Offenders 2,330 16.8 145 33.6 891 13,397 29.4 149 52.3 896 Males 13,082 29.1 149 53.5 894 Females 2,645 19.8 120 29.0 912 Combined Programs (FY98-FY03) 95,946 22.9 149 40.7 893 Under 14 yrs. 14 to 16 Over 16 yrs. 1st Time Offenders Repeat Offenders Males Females 10,414 31.8 152 57.3 900 58,857 26.8 144 44.4 889 26,675 10.7 172 27.0 896 51,677 14.5 163 30.3 894 44,269 32.7 141 53.2 892 72,843 24.9 151 45.4 893 23,103 16.5 137 25.7 888 *Non-Secure Residential Commitments Program Recidivism Update for FY 1998 FY 2003 Page 12 program-A are found to have a significantly longer TTF than those in program-B, then program-A can be said to be more effective, all other things being equal, since it lengthened the time youth took to re-offend. The ranking for TTF's from DJJ's Probation, Non-Secure Residential commitment, and Home commitment programs is as follows: Program Ranking based upon TTF for 1-year of Follow-up (1) Probation TTF: 176 days to re-offend on the average (2) Non-Secure Residential Commitments TTF: 148 days to re-offend on the average (3) Home Commitments TTF: 110 days to re-offend on the average All programs are significantly different from each other (p< .05) Length of Supervision Effects on Recidivism. 1-year Recidivism Rates after Different Supervison Periods Another way to assess the effectiveness of community based supervision and treatment on re- Av.1DJJ Program & Youth Number Year 1-yr Rates by Length of Supervision offending is to examine the follow-up recidivism rates for youth who successfully completed dif- Characteristics Released Rate (%) 6 Mo. or 6 Mo. to 1-yr + Less 1-yr ferent lengths of supervision. Probation Under 14 yrs. 52,660 13.5 20.6 18.4 7.0 6,320 19.5 29.2 23.6 7.8 The effects three different lengths of supervision had on subsequent 1-year recidivism rates are presented in the sidebar (see also Exhibit A). If we use a ratio of recidivism rates (ratio of per- 14 to 16 29,443 16.3 24.3 22.1 8.0 Over 16 yrs. 16,897 6.5 6.8 8.1 5.5 1st Time Offenders 38,406 11.7 17.8 15.6 6.2 Repeat Offenders 14,254 18.5 27.9 26.6 9.2 Males 38,150 14.9 23.0 20.5 7.6 centages), we can see from the total or "Three Females 14,510 9.9 14.7 13.0 5.5 Programs Combined" section that: Non-Secure* Under 14 yrs. 5,006 490 27.0 35.3 28.5 33.9 27.9 38.0 20.5 36.9 Overall: Youth supervised for 6-months or less are three times as likely to recidivate in the subsequent 12-months as 14 to 16 Over 16 yrs. 1st Time Offenders Repeat Offenders 3,322 1,194 758 4,248 30.6 13.7 21.8 27.9 30.9 14.3 22.2 29.5 32.2 15.0 22.9 28.8 26.0 11.6 19.9 20.7 youth supervised for 1-year or more Males 3,795 29.6 31.1 30.6 22.8 (24.1% / 8.0% = 3.01). Females 1,211 18.9 21.6 13.7 14.6 Home Commitments 3,711 29.7 34.2 31.5 20.1 Similar supervision effects can be seen for each type of program placement, as well as for males and females, 1st-Time and Repeat offenders, and for youth under 16; although these effects are largest for youth placed on Probation: Under 14 yrs. 14 to 16 Over 16 yrs. 1st Time Offenders Repeat Offenders Males 321 2,146 1,245 578 3,134 2,869 39.6 35.1 17.9 19.7 31.6 32.2 40.2 36.2 19.6 22.3 36.3 36.4 49.0 38.0 20.2 21.8 32.9 34.6 21.2 27.5 16.0 14.5 21.3 22.7 Females 843 21.4 27.1 20.1 10.6 Probation: Youth supervised for 6months or less are about three times as likely to recidivate in the subsequent 12months as youth supervised for 1-year or more (20.6% / 7.0% = 2.94). Non-Secure Residential Commitments: Three Programs Combined (FY98- 61,377 15.6 24.1 19.5 8.0 FY03) Under 14 yrs. 7,131 21.5 31.3 24.6 8.9 14 to 16 Over 16 yrs. 34,911 18.8 27.7 23.4 9.0 19,336 7.7 9.1 9.2 6.3 1st Time Offenders 39,742 12.0 18.2 15.8 6.4 Youth supervised for 6-months or less are about 1.4 times as likely to recidivate in the subsequent 12-months as youth supervised for 1-year or more (28.5% / Repeat Offenders 21,636 22.2 Males 44,814 17.3 Females 16,564 11.1 *Non-Secure Residential Commitments 30.5 26.6 17.5 27.6 21.8 13.2 11.3 8.7 5.9 20.5% = 1.39). Home Commitments: Youth supervised for 6-months or less are about two times as likely to recidivate in the subsequent 12-months as youth supervised for 1-year or more (34.2% / 20.1% = 1.70). Program Recidivism Update for FY 1998 FY 2003 Page 13 Exhibit A Supervision Time & Recidivism Rates 25 24.1 23 21 19.5 19 % Recidivism 17 15 13 11 9 8.0 7 5 6 Mo. or Less 6 Mo. to 1-yr Supervision Time 1-yr + With two other types of DJJ programs, STP and YDC commitments, LOS (Length of Stay) measures the time youth spent in a DJJ facility prior to their release. It can be used in conjunction with recidivism rates to assess a program's relative effectiveness after youth are released (all other things being equal, e.g., program treatment time, and the level of after-care services and contacts). Length of Stay Effects on STP Recidivism Rates. We can see in the sidebar and Exhibit B that the length of time youth spend in an STP program has a significant impact on their 1-year recidivism rates. With the STP cohorts, an LOS over 60-days is associated with significantly higher recidivism rates. In general we can see that: 1-year STP Recidivism Rates for Different LOS Periods DJJ Short-Term (STP) Number Released Av.1Year Rate (%) 1-yr Rates by Length of Program Stay Under 60 to 90 90+ 60 Days Days Days Under 14 yrs. 2,990 55.5 48.0 54.8 59.7 14 to 16 20,160 39.9 35.8 37.8 43.7 Over 16 yrs. 4,409 17.9 15.5 17.3 19.4 1st Time 10,941 23.7 21.0 20.9 27.8 Repeat Offenders 16,618 47.6 44.0 47.6 49.1 Males 21,611 40.0 36.4 38.4 42.9 Females Total 5,948 27,559 31.0 38.1 27.8 34.3 28.4 36.2 35.3 41.4 Youth serving over 90-days in an STP program are about 1.2 times as likely to recidivate in the subsequent 12-months as youth supervised for 60-days or less (20.6% / 7.0% = 2.94). Longer LOS periods are associated with higher recidivism rates for males and females, 1st-Time and Repeat offenders, and for all age-at-release groups. % Recidivism Exhibit B Length of Stay in an STP Program & Recidivism Rates 42 41.4 41 40 39 38 37 36.2 36 35 34.3 34 33 32 Under 60 Days 60 to 90 Days 90+ Days Length of Stay in an STP Program Program Recidivism Update for FY 1998 FY 2003 Page 14 Length of Stay Effects on YDC Recidivism Rates. We can see in the sidebar and Exhibit C that the length of time youth spend in an YDC program has a significant impact on their 1-year recidivism rates. In general, for youth in the YDC cohorts, an LOS of 1-year or less is associated with significantly higher recidivism rates. More specifically, we can see that: Youth serving 1-year or less in a YDC program are about 1.1 times as likely to recidivate in the subsequent 12-months as youth supervised for 1-year or more (27.7% / 24.2% = 1.14). An LOS of 1-year or less is associated with higher recidivism rates for males and females, 1st-Time and Repeat offenders, and for youth over 16 years of age at release. However, for youth less than 16 years of age at release, this shorter LOS period is associated with significantly lower recidivism rates. % Recidivism 1-year YDC Recidivism Rates for Different LOS Periods DJJ YDC Commitments Number Released Av.1Year Rate (%) 1-yr Rates by Length of Program Stay 1-yr. or Less Over 1-yr. Under 14 yrs. 14 to 16 Over 16 yrs. 293 3,786 2,930 41.6 30.8 20.2 41.0 29.9 21.7 53.3 36.2 17.9 1st Time Repeat Offenders Males Females Total 994 6,015 6,419 591 7,009 11.4 29.4 27.5 19.6 26.8 12.7 30.0 28.3 20.9 27.7 8.0 27.5 25.0 15.0 24.2 Exhibit C: Length of Stay in a YDC Program & Recidivism Rates 29 28 27.7 27 26 25 24.2 24 23 1-yr. or Less Over 1-yr. Length of Stay in a YDC Program Program Recidivism Update for FY 1998 FY 2003 Page 15 PART 2: Other Characteristics Affecting Recidivism A regression analysis indicated that the four factors shown the sidebar had a significant impact on recidivism rates. However, it is important to note that the analysis of the CRN items was based solely on the FY02-FY03 cohorts; since consistent use of this new instrument occurred during this period. This reduced the initial sample size for analysis and restricted comparison to a 1-year average rate over two years. More importantly, youth who were not given the CRN and/or chose not to respond to particular questions reduced the sample further. Basically, this means that at present the recidivism rates for these new factors should not be compared to other program rates. While only a small number of CRN items were included in our analysis, it is clear the CRN provides a source of some quite useful information for future recidivism studies. At present, it appears that the effects of substance use, poverty, school behavior problems, and having criminal opportunities and criminal peers/associates in a youth's environment all have the greatest impact on youth under the age of 14. Youth Characteristics Recidivism by Youth with Criminal Opportunities/Criminal Associates* Released None Both** Total Under 14 yrs. 3,317 26.4 14 to 16 18,459 22.8 Over 16 yrs. 7,323 9.4 1st Time Offenders 15,154 12.9 Repeat Offenders 13,945 27.7 Males 21,833 21.3 Females 7,266 14.6 Totals 29,099 19.5 *Combined CRN items. ** Criminal Opportunity and Criminal Peers/Associates 54.8 44.2 16.6 33.6 45.8 43.4 31.4 40.8 33.0 27.8 10.4 16.3 32.4 26.1 17.6 24.0 Youth Characteristics Recidivism for Youth with Behavior Problems at School* Released No Problems Behavior Problems Total Under 14 yrs. 2,040 21.3 14 to 16 9,367 24.6 Over 16 yrs. 2,321 8.8 1st Time Offenders 7,266 15.4 Repeat Offenders 6,462 32.9 Males 10,227 22.2 Females 3,501 16.6 Totals 13,728 20.4 50.8 43.7 43.6 38.1 16.7 13.1 32.8 25.5 47.9 45.1 43.3 37.4 33.6 26.7 41.2 34.7 * CRN item Youth Characteristics Recidivism for Youth with Substance Use Problems* Released No Use Use Total Under 14 yrs. 2,019 37.2 14 to 16 9,268 32.0 Over 16 yrs. 2,325 11.6 1st Time Offenders 7,298 21.9 Repeat Offenders 6,314 42.2 Males 10,075 32.5 Females 3,537 22.3 Totals 13,612 29.6 * CRN item 60.1 42.4 46.1 37.6 15.1 13.0 33.9 25.2 46.7 44.4 43.7 36.9 34.5 26.3 41.6 34.1 Youth Characteristics Recidivism by % County Population below Poverty Level* Released Under 10% Over 10% Total Under 14 yrs. 14 to 16 Over 16 yrs. 1st Time Offenders Repeat Offenders Males Females Totals Census 2000 data 3,317 18,459 7,323 15,154 13,945 21,833 7,266 29,099 20.0 22.3 9.8 12.3 26.4 20.0 14.3 18.5 36.2 29.5 10.6 17.8 34.2 28.1 18.8 25.8 33.0 27.8 10.4 16.3 32.4 26.1 17.6 24.0 Program Recidivism Update for FY 1998 FY 2003 Page 16 State Recidivism Comparisons Relatively few states report measuring juvenile recidivism. A recent survey (1999) of juvenile justice agencies conducted by the Florida Department of Juvenile Justice, found only twenty-six states using some method to assess juvenile recidivism. As noted previously, states that report recidivism rates vary widely in their definition of "release," "recidivism," and the length of follow-up periods used to calculate their rates. The variations are shown below. Recidivating Act Group Studied Referral or Arrest Juvenile Adjudication or Juvenile Commitment or Adult Adult conviction Sentence First-time offenders Alaska (3), Florida, Maryland1, Virginia Florida, Georgia Florida (2), South Carolina (5) Youth discharged From juvenile justice programs California, Delaware (3), Florida, Maryland, Mass (3), NY, Texas, Ohio (4), Oregon1, South, Dakota (3) Delaware (3), Colorado, Florida, Idaho(3), Maine (3), Maryland, Mass (3), New York, Washington Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Louisiana, Maryland, Mass (3,5), Nebraska, North Carolina, North Dakota, South Carolina (5), Tenn. (3), Texas 1 juvenile re-referral only; 2 juvenile program or transfer to adult court; 3 in process, no rates available; 4 combined measure of rearrest, readjudication, commitment, conviction, or crime-related death; 5 adult probation or incarceration only Probation Commitment State Recidivism Rates by Type Program Type, State, Year Florida, FY01 Follow-Up 1-yr. 3yrs. 28% Florida, FY02 29% Texas, FY96 16% 37% Georgia, FY98 7% 28% Georgia, FY99 10% 28% Georgia, FY00 12% 30% Georgia, FY01 21% 37% Georgia, FY02 11% Georgia, FY03 23% Florida, FY98 33% Oregon, FY00 30% Maine, FY98 28% Texas, FY99 37% Texas, 03 32% Georgia, FY98 32% 55% Georgia, FY99 29% 49% Georgia, FY00 22% 50% Georgia, FY01 27% 45% Georgia, FY02 31% Georgia, FY03 24% Indiana, 96-99 35% New Jersey, 01 25% Colorado, 02 22% Georgia, FY98 33% 52% Georgia, FY99 44% 60% Georgia, FY00 43% 57% Georgia, FY01 36% 51% Georgia, FY02 40% Georgia, FY03 31% The recidivism rates reported by other states for different programs shown in the sidebar, use a definition of recidivism that is comparable to the one used by Georgia's Department of Juvenile Justice. The length of the follow-up period was typically one-year. Rates based upon a one-year follow-up period provide quick turn-around for yearly reporting, as well as focusing attention on the important early phase of the recidivism process. The majority of youth that will recidivate during a three year follow-up period usually do so within their first year after release (early returns). Longer follow-up periods are better for capturing "treatment" effects that may not have fully manifested themselves within a year. Probation. Georgia's 1-year recidivism rates for the FY98-FY03 Probation cohorts are lower than the rates reported by Florida. Georgia's 3-yrear rates are typically lower than the rate reported by Texas in FY96. Based upon the limited data we have at present, Georgia's 1-year, and 3-year recidivism rates for youth placed on probation during the FY98-FY03 period are generally lower than the rates reported by Florida and Texas. Commitment Programs. Georgia's 1-year recidivism rates for youth released from the FY98 through FY03 Commitment cohorts are quite comparable to the rates reported by four other states during a similar time frame: Florida, Oregon, Maine, and Texas. Based upon the somewhat larger number of state reports we have at present, it seems that Georgia's 1-year recidivism rates for releases from Commitment programs is fairly "typical." Short-Term Programs. Releases from DJJ's STP programs show higher 1year recidivism rates than releases from the three comparison programs. Based upon the comparative data we have, Georgia's 1-year recidivism rates for STP releases during the FY98-FY03 period have generally been higher. Short-Term Programs Program Recidivism Update for FY 1998 FY 2003 Page 17 APPENDICES Appendix A: Recidivism Rates and Time-To-Failure Program Recidivism Update for FY 1998 FY 2003 Page 18 Table 1 Program Recidivism Rates for FY98 - FY03 Cohorts Type of Program Follow-Up Period Number of Failures and Cumulaltive % Recidivism by Cohort FY98 FY99 FY00 FY01 FY02 FY03 Totals (FY98-03) Releases 9,571 9,773 9,299 8,378 8,105 7,534 52,660 %1yr. 6.8 9.5 12.2 21.4 11.2 22.6 13.5 Failed 647 930 1,137 1,791 911 1,705 7,121 Probation* %2yrs. (A) 18.9 21.6 23.8 32.7 17.9 Inc Failed 1,158 1,176 1,080 945 541 Inc 22.9 4,900 %3yrs. 28.3 28.4 30.0 37.4 Inc Inc 30.8 Failed 904 672 568 401 Inc Inc 2,545 Releases 5,333 4,944 4,738 4,409 4,239 3,896 27,559 %1yr. 33.2 44.3 43.3 35.5 39.9 31.4 38.1 STP (B) %2yrs. Failed Failed 1,772 45.4 648 2,190 54.9 525 2,050 51.9 411 1,565 45.7 449 1,693 49.4 400 1,224 Inc Inc 10,494 49.5 2,433 %3yrs. 51.8 59.5 56.9 50.8 Inc Inc 54.8 Failed 344 226 234 227 Inc Inc 1,031 Releases 1,236 1,350 1,352 1,201 1,011 859 7,009 %1yr. 30.9 27.1 23.4 22.5 30.7 27.7 26.8 YDC Commitments %2yrs. (C) Failed 382 365 316 270 310 238 47.2 43.6 43.0 35.7 42.4 Inc Failed 202 223 266 159 119 Inc 1,881 42.5 969 %3yrs. 56.6 50.8 53.1 42.5 Inc Inc 50.8 Failed 115 97 136 81 Inc Inc 429 Releases 766 707 739 808 712 1,274 5,006 %1yr. Non-Secure Residential Commitments %2yrs. (D) %3yrs. Failed Failed 30.9 237 43.9 99 51.6 29.8 211 39.9 71 46.1 22.5 166 39.0 122 48.0 28.1 227 38.9 87 44.3 28.5 203 39.6 79 Inc 24.2 308 Inc Inc Inc 27.0 1,352 40.2 458 47.5 Failed 59 44 67 44 Inc Inc 214 Releases 513 390 669 671 730 739 3,712 %1yr. 37.0 33.9 24.2 33.7 34.9 18.8 29.7 Home Commitments %2yrs. (E) Failed 190 132 162 226 255 139 47.8 43.2 39.5 42.8 43.2 Inc Failed 55 36 102 61 60 Inc 1,104 43.0 314 %3yrs. 55.2 47.3 47.2 48.3 Inc Inc 49.4 Failed 38 16 52 37 Inc Inc 143 Releases 2,515 2,447 2,760 2,680 2,453 2,872 15,727 Combined Commitment Programs (C-E) %1yr. %2yrs. %3yrs. Failed Failed 32.2 809 46.6 356 55.0 29.5 708 42.7 330 49.0 23.5 643 41.2 491 50.4 27.2 723 38.7 307 44.6 31.5 768 41.9 258 Inc 24.2 685 Inc Inc Inc 27.8 4,336 42.1 1,742 49.7 Failed 212 157 255 162 Inc Inc 786 Releases 17,419 17,164 16,797 15,467 14,797 14,302 95,946 %1yr. 18.5 22.3 22.8 26.4 22.8 25.3 22.9 All Programs Combined %2yrs. (A-E) Failed Failed 3,228 30.9 2,162 3,828 34.1 2,031 3,830 34.6 1,982 4,079 37.4 1,701 3,372 30.9 1,199 3,614 Inc Inc 21,951 33.6 9,075 %3yrs. 39.3 40.3 40.9 42.5 Inc Inc 40.7 Failed 1,460 1,055 1,057 790 Inc Inc 4,362 Inc=Follow-up period incomplete. * Probation also includes data from 3 contributing Independent County Court Services Offices Program Recidivism Update for FY 1998 FY 2003 Page 19 Type of Program Table 2 Mean Time (Days) to Failure (MTTF) for FY98 - FY03 Cohorts Failure Period FY98 Mean Time to Failure by Cohort FY99 FY00 FY01 FY02 FY03 Before 1yr. (365 days) 176 185 197 177 203 141 Failed 647 930 1,137 1,791 911 1,705 Probation* Before 2yrs. (730 days) 570 550 538 519 477 Inc (A) Failed 1,158 1,176 1,080 945 541 Inc Before 3yrs. (1,095 days) 890 898 899 865 Inc Inc Failed 904 672 568 401 Inc Inc Before 1yr. (365 days) 141 131 130 135 124 128 Failed 1,772 2,190 2,050 1,565 1,693 1,224 STP Before 2yrs. (730 days) 523 519 521 518 517 Inc (B) Failed 648 525 411 449 400 Inc Before 3yrs. (1,095 days) 893 909 902 884 Inc Inc Failed 344 226 234 227 Inc Inc Before 1yr. (365 days) 154 169 187 177 147 151 Failed 382 365 316 270 310 238 YDC Before 2yrs. (730 days) 542 513 528 531 513 Inc Commitments Failed 202 223 266 159 119 Inc (C) Before 3yrs. (1,095 days) 877 877 916 879 Inc Inc Failed 115 97 136 81 Inc Inc Before 1yr. (365 days) 135 134 190 138 142 154 Non-Secure Failed 237 211 166 227 203 308 Residential Before 2yrs. (730 days) 525 513 503 520 536 Inc Commitments Failed 99 71 122 87 79 Inc (D) Before 3yrs. (1,095 days) 885 936 919 858 Inc Inc Failed 59 44 67 44 Inc Inc Before 1yr. (365 days) 87 97 152 105 90 151 Failed 190 132 162 226 255 139 Home Before 2yrs. (730 days) 534 520 540 517 510 Inc Commitments (E) Failed 55 36 102 61 60 Inc Before 3yrs. (1,095 days) 897 893 905 910 Inc Inc Failed 38 16 52 37 Inc Inc Before 1yr. (365 days) 133 145 178 142 127 152 Combined Failed 809 708 643 723 768 685 Commitment Before 2yrs. (730 days) 536 514 525 525 519 Inc Programs Failed 356 330 491 307 258 Inc (C-E) Before 3yrs. (1,095 days) 883 895 915 881 Inc Inc Failed 212 157 255 162 Inc Inc Before 1yr. (365 days) 146 147 158 155 146 139 All Programs Combined (A-E) Failed Before 2yrs. (730 days) Failed Before 3yrs. (1,095 days) 3,228 550 2,162 890 3,828 536 2,031 900 3,830 531 1,982 904 4,079 520 1,701 874 3,372 499 1,199 Inc 3,614 Inc Inc Inc Failed 1,460 1,055 1,057 790 Inc Inc Inc=Follow-up period incomplete. * Probation also includes data from 3 contributing Independent County Court Services Offices MTTF (FY98-03) 176 7,121 538 4,900 890 2,545 132 10,494 520 2,433 896 1,031 164 1,881 526 969 890 429 148 1,352 518 458 901 214 110 1,104 526 314 903 143 145 4,336 524 1,742 895 786 149 21,951 530 9,075 893 4,362 Program Recidivism Update for FY 1998 FY 2003 Page 20 Table 3 Region 1: Recidivism Rates for FY98 - FY03 Programs Number of Failures and Cumulaltive % Recidivism by Cohort Type of Program Follow-Up Period FY98 FY99 FY00 FY01 FY02 FY03 Totals (FY98-03) Releases 1,535 1,469 1,565 1,280 1,321 1,254 8,424 %1yr. 7.4 9.3 12.3 22.3 11.1 17.2 12.9 Failed 113 136 192 285 147 216 1,089 Probation* %2yrs. (A) 18.1 19.9 22.0 30.6 15.1 Inc Failed 165 156 153 107 66 Inc 21.2 647 %3yrs. 27.3 26.7 27.9 35.9 Inc Inc 29.2 Failed 141 100 92 67 Inc Inc 400 Releases 811 676 696 593 563 618 3,957 %1yr. 28.2 42.2 44.3 32.2 36.1 26.5 34.9 STP (B) %2yrs. Failed 229 285 308 191 203 164 42.0 53.4 52.9 45.4 46.0 Inc Failed 112 76 60 78 56 Inc 1,380 47.9 382 %3yrs. 48.7 57.5 58.0 50.8 Inc Inc 53.6 Failed 54 28 36 32 Inc Inc 150 Releases 156 176 199 159 142 83 915 YDC %1yr. Failed 32.7 51 30.1 53 23.6 47 20.1 32 34.5 49 34.9 29 28.5 261 Commitments %2yrs. (C) %3yrs. 49.4 43.2 43.7 33.3 46.5 Inc Failed 26 23 40 21 17 Inc 55.8 51.1 53.8 41.5 Inc Inc 43.1 127 50.7 Failed 10 14 20 13 Inc Inc 57 Releases 109 104 167 122 109 211 822 Non-Secure %1yr. Residential %2yrs. Commitments (D) %3yrs. Failed Failed 27.5 30 39.4 13 46.8 35.6 37 45.2 10 53.9 22.2 37 35.9 23 43.1 27.9 34 33.6 7 37.7 24.8 27 38.5 15 Inc 27.5 58 Inc Inc Inc 27.1 223 38.1 68 44.8 Failed 8 9 12 5 Inc Inc 34 Releases 70 52 72 115 107 129 545 Home %1yr. Failed 27.1 19 36.5 19 22.2 16 31.3 36 27.1 29 25.6 33 27.9 152 Commitments %2yrs. (E) %3yrs. 38.6 46.2 33.3 40.0 37.4 Inc Failed 8 5 8 10 11 Inc 48.6 51.9 41.7 47.8 Inc Inc 38.7 42 47.2 Failed 7 3 6 9 Inc Inc 25 Releases 335 332 438 396 358 423 2,282 Combined Commitment Programs (C-E) %1yr. %2yrs. %3yrs. Failed Failed 30.7 100 44.8 47 51.9 32.8 109 44.3 38 52.1 23.1 100 39.0 71 47.7 25.5 102 35.6 38 42.2 29.6 105 41.3 43 Inc 28.4 120 Inc Inc Inc 28.0 636 40.7 237 48.2 Failed 25 26 38 27 Inc Inc 116 Releases 2,681 2,477 2,699 2,269 2,242 2,295 14,663 All Programs Combined (A-E) %1yr. %2yrs. Failed Failed 16.5 442 28.6 324 21.4 530 32.3 270 22.2 600 32.8 284 25.5 578 35.3 223 20.3 455 27.7 165 21.8 500 Inc Inc 21.2 3,105 31.3 1,266 %3yrs. 36.8 38.5 38.9 40.9 Inc Inc 38.7 Failed 220 154 166 126 Inc Inc 666 Inc=Follow-up period incomplete. * Probation also includes data from 3 contributing Independent County Court Services Offices Program Recidivism Update for FY 1998 FY 2003 Page 21 Table 4 Region 1: Mean Time (Days) to Failure (MTTF) for FY98 - FY03 Programs Mean Time to Failure by Cohort Type of Program Failure Period FY98 FY99 FY00 FY01 FY02 FY03 Before 1yr. (365 days) 176 185 190 174 186 145 Failed 113 136 192 285 147 216 Probation* Before 2yrs. (730 days) 589 549 541 516 474 Inc (A) Failed 165 156 153 107 66 Inc Before 3yrs. (1,095 days) 908 896 898 860 Inc Inc Failed 141 100 92 67 Inc Inc Before 1yr. (365 days) 155 154 138 137 125 128 Failed 229 285 308 191 203 164 STP Before 2yrs. (730 days) 512 543 486 509 519 Inc (B) Failed 112 76 60 78 56 Inc Before 3yrs. (1,095 days) 904 882 902 891 Inc Inc Failed 54 28 36 32 Inc Inc Before 1yr. (365 days) 195 175 209 193 166 163 YDC Failed 51 53 47 32 49 29 Commitments Before 2yrs. (730 days) Failed 550 26 541 23 529 40 603 21 460 17 Inc Inc (C) Before 3yrs. (1,095 days) 865 885 907 864 Inc Inc Failed 10 14 20 13 Inc Inc Before 1yr. (365 days) 114 144 214 135 129 135 Non-Secure Failed 30 37 37 34 27 58 Residential Before 2yrs. (730 days) 500 495 534 507 542 Inc Commitments Failed 13 10 23 7 15 Inc (D) Before 3yrs. (1,095 days) 902 975 911 878 Inc Inc Failed 8 9 12 5 Inc Inc Before 1yr. (365 days) 116 113 132 115 77 184 Home Failed 19 19 16 36 29 33 Commitments Before 2yrs. (730 days) Failed 520 8 594 5 495 8 561 10 519 11 Inc Inc (E) Before 3yrs. (1,095 days) 972 782 939 902 Inc Inc Failed 7 3 6 9 Inc Inc Before 1yr. (365 days) 155 154 199 146 132 155 Combined Failed 100 109 100 102 105 120 Commitment Before 2yrs. (730 days) 531 536 527 574 504 Inc Programs Failed 47 38 71 38 43 Inc (C-E) Before 3yrs. (1,095 days) 907 904 913 879 Inc Inc Failed 25 26 38 27 Inc Inc Before 1yr. (365 days) 161 162 165 157 146 142 All Programs Failed 442 530 600 578 455 500 Combined Before 2yrs. (730 days) Failed 554 324 545 270 526 284 523 223 497 165 Inc Inc (A-E) Before 3yrs. (1,095 days) 907 895 902 872 Inc Inc Failed 220 154 166 126 Inc Inc Inc=Follow-up period incomplete. * Probation also includes data from 3 contributing Independent County Court Services Offices MTTF (FY98-03) 174 1,089 544 647 895 400 141 1,380 515 382 897 150 184 261 539 127 884 57 146 223 521 68 921 34 124 152 534 42 916 25 157 636 533 237 902 116 156 3,105 533 1,266 896 666 Program Recidivism Update for FY 1998 FY 2003 Page 22 Table 5 Region 2: Recidivism Rates for FY98 - FY03 Programs Number of Failures and Cumulaltive % Recidivism by Cohort Type of Program Follow-Up Period FY98 FY99 FY00 FY01 FY02 FY03 Totals (FY98-03) Releases 2,205 2,304 2,098 2,077 2,188 1,987 12,859 %1yr. 5.9 9.5 13.1 20.1 11.5 24.7 13.9 Failed 130 219 274 417 251 490 1,781 Probation* %2yrs. (A) 19.1 21.6 25.8 32.9 18.9 Inc Failed 292 278 268 267 162 Inc 23.5 1,267 %3yrs. 29.0 28.4 32.5 38.4 Inc Inc 31.9 Failed 217 158 140 114 Inc Inc 629 Releases 811 834 804 730 727 640 4,546 %1yr. 29.2 43.7 41.2 34.3 37.1 32.2 36.5 STP (B) %2yrs. Failed 237 364 331 250 270 206 39.8 55.2 50.0 45.3 46.9 Inc Failed 86 96 69 81 71 Inc 1,658 47.5 403 %3yrs. 47.8 60.0 55.0 51.0 Inc Inc 53.6 Failed 65 41 42 41 Inc Inc 189 Releases 190 181 181 194 141 131 1,018 YDC %1yr. Failed 23.2 44 24.3 44 21.6 39 20.6 40 37.6 53 32.8 43 25.8 263 Commitments %2yrs. (C) %3yrs. 45.8 40.0 41.4 33.5 50.4 Inc Failed 43 27 36 25 18 Inc 52.6 47.5 48.6 38.7 Inc Inc 41.7 149 46.8 Failed 13 15 13 10 Inc Inc 51 Releases 101 92 130 142 124 203 792 Non-Secure %1yr. Residential %2yrs. Commitments (D) %3yrs. Failed Failed 32.7 33 44.6 12 53.5 21.7 20 32.6 10 39.1 24.6 32 40.0 20 48.5 33.8 48 43.0 13 47.2 25.8 32 35.5 12 Inc 24.1 49 Inc Inc Inc 27.0 214 39.4 67 47.3 Failed 9 6 11 6 Inc Inc 32 Releases 22 36 40 54 50 87 289 Home %1yr. Failed 22.7 5 33.3 12 15.0 6 38.9 21 24.0 12 12.6 11 23.2 67 Commitments %2yrs. (E) %3yrs. 40.9 44.4 25.0 51.9 32.0 Inc Failed 4 3 4 6 4 Inc 54.6 47.2 32.5 53.7 Inc Inc 39.1 21 46.7 Failed 3 1 3 1 Inc Inc 8 Releases 313 309 351 390 315 421 2,099 Combined Commitment Programs (C-E) %1yr. %2yrs. %3yrs. Failed Failed 26.2 82 45.0 59 53.0 25.2 76 38.2 40 45.0 22.2 77 39.0 60 46.7 28.5 109 39.5 44 43.8 31.1 97 41.6 34 Inc 25.2 103 Inc Inc Inc 26.3 544 40.6 237 47.0 Failed 25 22 27 17 Inc Inc 91 Releases 3,329 3,447 3,253 3,197 3,230 3,048 19,504 All Programs Combined (A-E) %1yr. %2yrs. Failed Failed 13.5 449 26.6 437 19.1 659 31.1 414 21.0 682 33.2 397 24.3 776 36.5 392 19.1 618 27.4 267 26.2 799 Inc Inc 20.4 3,983 30.9 1,907 %3yrs. 35.8 37.5 35.8 41.9 Inc Inc 38.7 Failed 307 221 209 172 Inc Inc 909 Inc=Follow-up period incomplete. * Probation also includes data from 3 contributing Independent County Court Services Offices Program Recidivism Update for FY 1998 FY 2003 Page 23 Table 6 Region 2: Mean Time (Days) to Failure (MTTF) for FY98 - FY03 Programs Mean Time to Failure by Cohort Type of Program Failure Period FY98 FY99 FY00 FY01 FY02 FY03 Before 1yr. (365 days) 183 193 213 191 222 141 Failed 130 219 274 417 251 490 Probation* Before 2yrs. (730 days) 567 544 534 522 477 Inc (A) Failed 292 278 268 267 162 Inc Before 3yrs. (1,095 days) 887 909 904 873 Inc Inc Failed 217 158 140 114 Inc Inc Before 1yr. (365 days) 150 134 142 151 132 130 STP (B) Failed 237 364 331 250 270 206 Before 2yrs. (730 days) 527 531 524 518 525 Inc Failed 86 96 69 81 71 Inc Before 3yrs. (1,095 days) 890 904 881 884 Inc Inc Failed 65 41 42 41 Inc Inc Before 1yr. (365 days) 150 178 204 185 167 143 YDC Failed 44 44 39 40 53 43 Commitments Before 2yrs. (730 days) Failed 550 43 470 27 533 36 511 25 513 18 Inc Inc (C) Before 3yrs. (1,095 days) 899 860 917 883 Inc Inc Failed 13 15 13 10 Inc Inc Before 1yr. (365 days) 120 145 200 123 147 157 Non-Secure Failed 33 20 32 48 32 49 Residential Before 2yrs. (730 days) 542 549 496 527 549 Inc Commitments Failed 12 10 20 13 12 Inc (D) Before 3yrs. (1,095 days) 878 892 889 818 Inc Inc Failed 9 6 11 6 Inc Inc Before 1yr. (365 days) 88 108 182 101 100 182 Home Failed 5 12 6 21 12 11 Commitments Before 2yrs. (730 days) Failed 561 4 473 3 509 4 477 6 527 4 Inc Inc (E) Before 3yrs. (1,095 days) 883 1088 863 1086 Inc Inc Failed 3 1 3 1 Inc Inc Before 1yr. (365 days) 134 158 201 142 152 154 Combined Failed 82 76 77 109 97 103 Commitment Before 2yrs. (730 days) 549 490 519 511 527 Inc Programs Failed 59 40 60 44 34 Inc (C-E) Before 3yrs. (1,095 days) 890 879 900 872 Inc Inc Failed 25 22 27 17 Inc Inc Before 1yr. (365 days) 157 156 177 171 172 140 All Programs Failed 449 659 682 776 618 799 Combined Before 2yrs. (730 days) Failed 557 437 536 414 530 397 520 392 496 267 Inc Inc (A-E) Before 3yrs. (1,095 days) 888 905 899 875 Inc Inc Failed 307 221 209 172 Inc Inc Inc=Follow-up period incomplete. * Probation also includes data from 3 contributing Independent County Court Services Offices MTTF (FY98-03) 185 1,781 534 1,267 894 629 139 1,658 525 403 890 189 170 263 520 149 889 51 148 214 528 67 873 32 122 67 508 21 926 8 155 544 521 237 887 91 162 3,983 531 1,907 892 909 Program Recidivism Update for FY 1998 FY 2003 Page 24 Table 7 Region 3: Recidivism Rates for FY98 - FY03 Programs Number of Failures and Cumulaltive % Recidivism by Cohort Type of Program Follow-Up Period FY98 FY99 FY00 FY01 FY02 FY03 Totals (FY98-03) Releases 1,124 1,309 1,398 1,204 1,192 1,033 7,260 %1yr. 7.5 10.4 12.0 23.6 12.9 24.9 14.3 Failed 81 110 163 231 112 217 914 Probation* %2yrs. (A) 17.3 20.2 21.8 30.0 14.5 Inc Failed 113 154 142 130 61 Inc 20.8 600 %3yrs. 27.2 27.3 27.0 34.3 Inc Inc 28.9 Failed 112 94 72 52 Inc Inc 330 Releases 1,454 1,344 1,275 1,124 1,150 1,027 7,374 %1yr. 31.5 39.0 38.7 29.7 35.7 24.9 33.6 STP (B) %2yrs. Failed 458 524 493 334 411 256 42.4 50.0 47.7 38.0 44.3 Inc Failed 159 148 115 93 98 Inc 2,476 44.6 613 %3yrs. 48.1 55.1 52.3 43.5 Inc Inc 49.9 Failed 82 68 59 62 Inc Inc 271 Releases 334 355 331 315 262 269 1,866 YDC %1yr. Failed 34.7 116 21.1 75 21.2 70 20.6 65 21.0 55 23.8 64 23.9 445 Commitments %2yrs. (C) %3yrs. 47.9 36.3 41.7 34.0 29.4 Inc Failed 44 53 67 40 22 Inc 58.1 45.1 50.2 41.0 Inc Inc 38.3 226 48.6 Failed 34 31 28 24 Inc Inc 117 Releases 276 288 217 249 199 460 1,689 Non-Secure %1yr. Residential %2yrs. Commitments (D) %3yrs. Failed Failed 28.3 78 40.9 33 46.7 25.7 74 34.7 26 40.6 18.9 41 34.1 33 43.8 24.1 60 34.9 26 41.0 32.2 64 40.7 16 Inc 21.7 100 Inc Inc Inc 24.7 417 37.0 134 43.0 Failed 16 17 21 15 Inc Inc 69 Releases 303 219 289 278 347 338 1,774 Home %1yr. Failed 37.6 114 31.1 68 22.8 66 35.3 98 37.5 130 17.8 60 30.2 536 Commitments %2yrs. (E) %3yrs. 47.2 42.0 39.8 42.1 45.2 Inc Failed 29 24 49 19 26 Inc 56.1 46.1 46.4 46.0 Inc Inc 43.5 147 48.9 Failed 27 9 19 11 Inc Inc 66 Releases 913 862 837 842 808 1,067 5,329 Combined Commitment Programs (C-E) %1yr. %2yrs. %3yrs. Failed Failed 34.0 308 45.6 106 54.0 25.6 217 37.2 103 43.9 21.4 176 39.1 150 47.2 27.0 223 36.9 85 42.6 31.1 249 39.0 64 Inc 21.3 224 Inc Inc Inc 26.6 1,397 39.7 508 47.0 Failed 77 57 68 50 Inc Inc 252 Releases 3,491 3,515 3,510 3,170 3,150 3,127 19,963 All Programs Combined (A-E) %1yr. %2yrs. Failed Failed 24.3 847 35.1 378 24.2 851 35.7 405 23.7 832 0.4 407 24.9 788 34.6 308 24.5 772 31.6 223 22.3 697 Inc Inc 24.0 4,787 34.5 1,721 %3yrs. 42.9 42.0 41.0 40.0 Inc Inc 41.4 Failed 271 219 199 164 Inc Inc 853 Inc=Follow-up period incomplete. * Probation also includes data from 3 contributing Independent County Court Services Offices Program Recidivism Update for FY 1998 FY 2003 Page 25 Table 8 Region 3: Mean Time (Days) to Failure (MTTF) for FY98 - FY03 Programs Mean Time to Failure by Cohort Type of Program Failure Period FY98 FY99 FY00 FY01 FY02 FY03 Before 1yr. (365 days) 197 191 176 183 184 129 Failed 81 110 163 231 112 217 Probation* Before 2yrs. (730 days) 567 547 548 511 468 Inc (A) Failed 113 154 142 130 61 Inc Before 3yrs. (1,095 days) 885 896 896 852 Inc Inc Failed 112 94 72 52 Inc Inc Before 1yr. (365 days) 134 124 127 129 117 136 STP (B) Failed 458 524 493 334 411 256 Before 2yrs. (730 days) 532 512 534 534 506 Inc Failed 159 148 115 93 98 Inc Before 3yrs. (1,095 days) 894 926 909 865 Inc Inc Failed 82 68 59 62 Inc Inc Before 1yr. (365 days) 134 156 172 166 146 171 YDC Failed 116 75 70 65 55 64 Commitments Before 2yrs. (730 days) Failed 566 44 533 53 513 67 535 40 519 22 Inc Inc (C) Before 3yrs. (1,095 days) 889 891 913 905 Inc Inc Failed 34 31 28 24 Inc Inc Before 1yr. (365 days) 130 154 184 147 142 155 Non-Secure Failed 78 74 41 60 64 100 Residential Before 2yrs. (730 days) 532 500 499 527 576 Inc Commitments Failed 33 26 33 26 16 Inc (D) Before 3yrs. (1,095 days) 871 929 923 876 Inc Inc Failed 16 17 21 15 Inc Inc Before 1yr. (365 days) 86 102 159 112 92 146 Home Failed 114 68 66 98 130 60 Commitments Before 2yrs. (730 days) Failed 538 29 495 24 546 49 523 19 534 26 Inc Inc (E) Before 3yrs. (1,095 days) 880 901 919 888 Inc Inc Failed 27 9 19 11 Inc Inc Before 1yr. (365 days) 115 139 167 137 117 157 Combined Failed 308 217 176 223 249 224 Commitment Before 2yrs. (730 days) 547 516 522 530 539 Inc Programs Failed 106 103 150 85 64 Inc (C-E) Before 3yrs. (1,095 days) 882 904 918 893 Inc Inc Failed 77 57 68 50 Inc Inc Before 1yr. (365 days) 133 137 145 147 126 141 All Programs Failed 847 851 832 788 772 697 Combined Before 2yrs. (730 days) Failed 548 378 526 405 535 407 523 308 505 223 Inc Inc (A-E) Before 3yrs. (1,095 days) 887 907 907 869 Inc Inc Failed 271 219 199 164 Inc Inc Inc=Follow-up period incomplete. * Probation also includes data from 3 contributing Independent County Court Services Offices MTTF (FY98-03) 171 914 536 600 885 330 127 2,476 524 613 898 271 155 445 533 226 898 117 150 417 522 134 902 69 110 536 531 147 896 66 136 1,397 530 508 899 252 138 4,787 530 1,721 893 853 Program Recidivism Update for FY 1998 FY 2003 Page 26 Table 9 Region 4: Recidivism Rates for FY98 - FY03 Programs Number of Failures and Cumulaltive % Recidivism by Cohort Type of Program Follow-Up Period FY98 FY99 FY00 FY01 FY02 FY03 Totals (FY98-03) Releases 2,702 2,730 2,251 1,998 1,803 1,748 13,232 %1yr. 7.5 10.4 12.0 23.6 12.9 24.9 14.3 Failed 203 285 269 471 233 435 1,896 Probation* %2yrs. (A) 20.3 23.2 25.8 36.0 20.7 Inc Failed 345 349 312 249 140 Inc 24.9 1,395 %3yrs. 29.7 30.8 32.8 40.5 Inc Inc 33.0 Failed 254 206 158 90 Inc Inc 708 Releases 1,115 1,079 1,014 1,023 952 795 5,978 %1yr. 39.7 51.0 49.4 40.0 46.4 41.0 44.7 STP (B) %2yrs. Failed 443 550 501 409 442 326 53.4 62.4 59.6 50.9 56.9 Inc Failed 152 123 103 112 100 Inc 2,671 56.6 590 %3yrs. 60.0 66.4 64.9 55.9 Inc Inc 61.8 Failed 74 43 54 51 Inc Inc 222 Releases 236 307 305 257 259 167 1,531 YDC %1yr. Failed 35.6 84 36.2 111 25.9 79 24.1 62 31.3 81 23.4 39 29.8 456 Commitments %2yrs. (C) %3yrs. 50.0 57.3 45.3 38.5 46.3 Inc Failed 34 64 59 37 39 Inc 63.1 63.2 57.7 45.1 Inc Inc 47.7 233 57.5 Failed 31 19 38 17 Inc Inc 105 Releases 100 90 74 106 116 163 649 Non-Secure %1yr. Residential %2yrs. Commitments (D) %3yrs. Failed Failed 37.0 37 55.0 18 63.0 45.6 41 56.7 10 57.8 29.7 22 51.4 16 58.1 31.1 33 40.6 10 47.2 28.5 33 42.2 16 Inc 25.8 42 Inc Inc Inc 32.1 208 48.6 70 56.2 Failed 8 1 5 7 Inc Inc 21 Releases 71 51 134 111 84 84 535 Home %1yr. Failed 45.1 32 47.1 24 32.1 43 28.8 32 34.5 29 16.7 14 32.5 174 Commitments %2yrs. (E) %3yrs. 57.8 51.0 50.0 38.7 40.5 Inc Failed 9 2 24 11 5 Inc 59.2 52.9 56.0 45.1 Inc Inc 46.8 51 52.9 Failed 1 1 8 7 Inc Inc 17 Releases 407 448 513 474 459 414 2,715 Combined Commitment Programs (C-E) %1yr. %2yrs. %3yrs. Failed Failed 37.6 153 52.6 61 62.4 39.5 176 56.5 76 60.9 28.1 144 47.4 99 57.3 27.0 127 39.0 58 45.6 31.2 143 44.2 60 Inc 22.9 95 Inc Inc Inc 30.9 838 47.7 354 56.3 Failed 40 21 51 31 Inc Inc 143 Releases 4,224 4,257 3,778 3,495 3,214 2,957 21,925 All Programs Combined (A-E) %1yr. %2yrs. Failed Failed 18.9 799 32.1 558 23.8 1,011 36.6 548 24.2 914 37.8 514 28.8 1,007 40.8 419 25.5 818 34.8 300 29.0 856 Inc Inc 24.7 5,405 36.3 2,339 %3yrs. 40.8 43.0 44.8 45.7 Inc Inc 43.4 Failed 368 270 263 172 Inc Inc 1,073 Inc=Follow-up period incomplete. * Probation also includes data from 3 contributing Independent County Court Services Offices Program Recidivism Update for FY 1998 FY 2003 Page 27 Table 10 Region 4: Mean Time (Days) to Failure (MTTF) for FY98 - FY03 Programs Mean Time to Failure by Cohort Type of Program Failure Period FY98 FY99 FY00 FY01 FY02 FY03 Before 1yr. (365 days) 160 168 193 172 201 146 Failed 203 285 269 471 233 435 Probation* Before 2yrs. (730 days) 567 557 538 519 483 Inc (A) Failed 345 349 312 249 140 Inc Before 3yrs. (1,095 days) 876 895 897 862 Inc Inc Failed 254 206 158 90 Inc Inc Before 1yr. (365 days) 133 129 126 132 120 127 Failed 443 550 501 409 442 326 STP Before 2yrs. (730 days) 507 505 521 513 507 Inc (B) Failed 152 123 103 112 100 Inc Before 3yrs. (1,095 days) 885 916 909 888 Inc Inc Failed 74 43 54 51 Inc Inc Before 1yr. (365 days) 149 173 182 169 151 133 YDC Failed 84 111 79 62 81 39 Commitments Before 2yrs. (730 days) Failed 526 34 521 64 543 59 522 37 537 39 Inc Inc (C) Before 3yrs. (1,095 days) 874 862 906 875 Inc Inc Failed 31 19 38 17 Inc Inc Before 1yr. (365 days) 143 122 163 163 149 140 Non-Secure Failed 37 41 22 33 33 42 Residential Before 2yrs. (730 days) 508 500 497 534 493 Inc Commitments Failed 18 10 16 10 16 Inc (D) Before 3yrs. (1,095 days) 918 1080 894 870 Inc Inc Failed 8 1 5 7 Inc Inc Before 1yr. (365 days) 78 88 157 109 83 103 Home Failed 32 24 43 32 29 14 Commitments Before 2yrs. (730 days) Failed 505 9 602 2 537 24 506 11 465 5 Inc Inc (E) Before 3yrs. (1,095 days) 879 807 885 998 Inc Inc Failed 1 1 8 7 Inc Inc Before 1yr. (365 days) 133 150 171 152 137 131 Combined Failed 153 176 144 127 143 95 Commitment Before 2yrs. (730 days) 518 520 534 521 519 Inc Programs Failed 61 76 99 58 60 Inc (C-E) Before 3yrs. (1,095 days) 883 870 902 901 Inc Inc Failed 40 21 51 31 Inc Inc Before 1yr. (365 days) 140 144 153 153 146 137 All Programs Failed 799 1,011 914 1,007 818 856 Combined Before 2yrs. (730 days) Failed 546 558 540 548 534 514 518 419 498 300 Inc Inc (A-E) Before 3yrs. (1,095 days) 879 896 900 877 Inc Inc Failed 368 270 263 172 Inc Inc Inc=Follow-up period incomplete. * Probation also includes data from 3 contributing Independent County Court Services Offices MTTF (FY98-03) 171 1,896 541 1,395 884 708 128 2,671 510 590 897 222 162 456 530 233 884 105 144 208 505 70 904 21 107 174 520 51 927 17 146 838 524 354 892 143 146 5,405 531 2,339 888 1,073 Program Recidivism Update for FY 1998 FY 2003 Page 28 Table 11 Region 5: Recidivism Rates for FY98 - FY03 Programs Number of Failures and Cumulaltive % Recidivism by Cohort Type of Program Follow-Up Period FY98 FY99 FY00 FY01 FY02 FY03 Totals (FY98-03) Releases 2,005 1,961 1,986 1,816 1,598 1,512 10,878 %1yr. 6.0 9.2 12.0 21.3 10.5 23.0 13.3 Failed 120 180 239 387 168 347 1,441 Probation* %2yrs. (A) 18.1 21.4 22.4 31.9 17.5 Inc Failed 243 239 205 192 112 Inc 22.3 991 %3yrs. 27.1 27.2 27.7 36.2 Inc Inc 29.4 Failed 180 114 106 78 Inc Inc 478 Releases 1,142 1,011 949 939 847 816 5,704 %1yr. 35.5 46.2 43.9 40.6 43.3 33.3 40.5 STP (B) %2yrs. Failed 405 467 417 381 367 272 47.6 54.3 50.7 49.6 52.2 Inc Failed 139 82 64 85 75 Inc 2,309 50.8 445 %3yrs. 53.7 58.9 55.2 54.0 Inc Inc 55.4 Failed 69 46 43 41 Inc Inc 199 Releases 320 330 336 276 207 209 1,678 YDC %1yr. Failed 27.2 87 24.9 82 24.1 81 25.7 71 34.8 72 30.1 63 27.2 456 Commitments %2yrs. (C) %3yrs. 44.4 42.1 43.5 39.1 45.9 Inc Failed 55 56 64 36 23 Inc 52.8 47.6 54.5 44.9 Inc Inc 42.9 234 50.2 Failed 27 18 37 17 Inc Inc 99 Releases 180 133 151 189 164 237 1,054 Non-Secure %1yr. Residential %2yrs. Commitments (D) %3yrs. Failed Failed 32.8 59 46.1 23 56.1 29.3 39 41.4 15 49.6 22.5 34 43.1 30 54.3 27.5 52 43.9 31 49.7 28.7 47 40.9 20 Inc 24.9 59 Inc Inc Inc 27.5 290 43.2 119 52.5 Failed 18 11 18 11 Inc Inc 58 Releases 47 31 134 113 142 101 568 Home %1yr. Failed 42.6 20 29.0 9 23.1 31 34.5 39 38.7 55 20.8 21 30.8 175 Commitments %2yrs. (E) %3yrs. 53.2 35.5 35.8 47.8 48.6 Inc Failed 5 2 17 15 14 Inc 53.2 41.9 47.8 55.8 Inc Inc 44.3 53 50.8 Failed 0 2 16 9 Inc Inc 27 Releases 547 494 621 578 513 547 3,300 Combined Commitment Programs (C-E) %1yr. %2yrs. %3yrs. Failed Failed 30.5 166 45.7 83 53.9 27.5 130 41.5 73 47.8 23.7 146 41.7 111 53.0 28.0 162 42.4 82 48.6 33.9 174 45.0 57 Inc 27.1 143 Inc Inc Inc 28.3 921 43.2 406 50.9 Failed 45 31 71 37 Inc Inc 184 Releases 3,694 3,466 3,556 3,333 2,958 2,875 19,882 All Programs Combined (A-E) %1yr. %2yrs. Failed Failed 18.7 691 31.3 465 22.4 777 33.8 394 22.6 802 33.2 380 27.9 930 38.7 359 24.0 709 32.2 244 26.5 762 Inc Inc 23.5 4,671 33.8 1,842 %3yrs. 39.3 39.3 39.4 43.4 Inc Inc 40.3 Failed 294 191 220 156 Inc Inc 861 Inc=Follow-up period incomplete. * Probation also includes data from 3 contributing Independent County Court Services Offices Program Recidivism Update for FY 1998 FY 2003 Page 29 Table 12 Region 5: Mean Time (Days) to Failure (MTTF) for FY98 - FY03 Programs Mean Time to Failure by Cohort Type of Program Failure Period FY98 FY99 FY00 FY01 FY02 FY03 Before 1yr. (365 days) 183 199 203 168 206 138 Failed 120 180 239 387 168 347 Probation* Before 2yrs. (730 days) 561 550 533 521 477 Inc (A) Failed 243 239 205 192 112 Inc Before 3yrs. (1,095 days) 905 891 900 872 Inc Inc Failed 180 114 106 78 Inc Inc Before 1yr. (365 days) 143 123 124 133 131 121 Failed 405 467 417 381 367 272 STP Before 2yrs. (730 days) 535 517 524 514 533 Inc (B) Failed 139 82 64 85 75 Inc Before 3yrs. (1,095 days) 892 897 907 903 Inc Inc Failed 69 46 43 41 Inc Inc Before 1yr. (365 days) 165 166 186 181 117 142 YDC Failed 87 82 81 71 72 63 Commitments Before 2yrs. (730 days) Failed 523 55 494 527 507 506 56 64 36 23 Inc Inc (C) Before 3yrs. (1,095 days) 859 877 932 857 Inc Inc Failed 27 18 37 17 Inc Inc Before 1yr. (365 days) 157 95 181 129 140 177 Non-Secure Failed 59 39 34 52 47 59 Residential Before 2yrs. (730 days) 534 530 493 511 528 Inc Commitments Failed 23 15 30 31 20 Inc (D) Before 3yrs. (1,095 days) 877 927 945 840 Inc Inc Failed 18 11 18 11 Inc Inc Before 1yr. (365 days) 85 40 136 80 93 130 Home Failed 20 9 31 39 55 21 Commitments Before 2yrs. (730 days) Failed 562 5 624 558 502 469 2 17 15 14 Inc Inc (E) Before 3yrs. (1,095 days) 0 969 894 858 Inc Inc Failed 0 2 16 9 Inc Inc Before 1yr. (365 days) 152 136 174 140 116 154 Combined Failed 166 130 146 162 174 143 Commitment Before 2yrs. (730 days) 529 505 522 508 504 Inc Programs Failed 83 73 111 82 57 Inc (C-E) Before 3yrs. (1,095 days) 866 901 927 852 Inc Inc Failed 45 31 71 37 Inc Inc Before 1yr. (365 days) 152 143 156 149 145 135 All Programs Failed 691 777 802 930 709 762 Combined Before 2yrs. (730 days) Failed 547 465 535 528 516 501 394 380 359 244 Inc Inc (A-E) Before 3yrs. (1,095 days) 896 894 910 875 Inc Inc Failed 294 191 220 156 Inc Inc Inc=Follow-up period incomplete. * Probation also includes data from 3 contributing Independent County Court Services Offices MTTF (FY98-03) 176 1,441 535 991 895 478 129 2,309 526 445 899 199 161 456 513 234 890 99 148 290 516 119 901 58 99 175 522 53 888 27 145 921 515 406 893 184 147 4,671 528 1,842 895 861 Program Recidivism Update for FY 1998 FY 2003 Page 30 Program Recidivism Update for FY 1998 FY 2003 Page 31 Appendix B: Offenses Defining Recidivism Program Recidivism Update for FY 1998 FY 2003 Page 32 Conviction for a New Offense Defined Convicted for a new offense. Not a revocation or administrative action. Must be Probation, STP, STP/Probation, STP/CMT, Regular Commitment, Designated Felony Commitment, Superior Court Commitment, or a conviction resulting in Adult probation or Adult Prison). The offense itself must be considered a crime as an adult. All technical violations and status offenses are not new offenses as well as minor traffic (i.e., speeding, failure to yield, traffic), loitering, and contempt of court). All non-offense codes are listed below. Release Cohorts. Only the first release within the fiscal year will be followed making the release cohorts unduplicated within the year. Legal Actions to Exclude Rank 0 0 0 -1 -1 -1 Description Revocation-Administrative action Informal Adjustments-Administrative action Abeyance Suspension Dismissal Withheld Legal Actions To Include Rank 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 GA Code Description Probation STP STP+Probation STP+CMT Regular Commitment Designated Felon Commitment Superior Court Commitment Adult Probation Adult Prison New Offenses Description Oftype M/F 16-6-19 16-12-26 16-11-4 16-11-32 16-5-21 16-5-21.1 16-5-24 16-6-4 16-12-4(C) 16-6-22.2 16-6-2 16-5-91 16-10-53 16-12-120.1 16-8-41 16-7-60 16-7-61 16-7-62 16-10-54 16-10-32 16-10-51 16-5-23.1 16-5-23.1(I) 16-6-6 16-6-20 16-10-2 ADULTERY ADVERTISE COMMERCIAL GAMBLING ADVOCATING OVERTHROW OF GOVERNMENT AFFRAY AGGRAVATED ASSAULT AGGRAVATED ASSAULT WITH INTENT TO RAPE OR ROB AGGRAVATED BATTERY AGGRAVATED CHILD MOLESTATION AGGRAVATED CRUELTY TO ANIMALS AGGRAVATED SEXUAL BATTERY AGGRAVATED SODOMY AGGRAVATED STALKING AID/PERMIT ANOTHER TO ESCAPE LAWFUL CUSTODY/CONFINEMENT ALTERED/SALE/EXCHANGE OF FARE COINS/NOTES/TOKENS/CARDS/TICKETS ARMED ROBBERY ARSON-FIRST DEGREE ARSON-SECOND DEGREE ARSON-THIRD DEGREE ASSAIL/OPPOSE/RESIST OFFICER OF THE LAW IN A PENAL INSTITUTION ATTEMPTED MURDER/THREATENING A WITNESS IN OFFICIAL PROCEEDINGS BAIL JUMPING BATTERY BATTERY-SCHOOL OFFICIAL BESTIALITY BIGAMY BRIBERY 5 M 4 M 4 F 4 M 8 F 8 F 8 F 9 F 8 F 9 F 9 F 8 F 4 F 4 M 8 F 8 F 8 F 3 F 8 F 4 F 4 F 8 M 8 F 5 M 4 F 4 M Program Recidivism Update for FY 1998 FY 2003 Page 33 16-7-1 16-7-28 16-12-123 16-11-126 16-11-127 16-11-126 16-11-128 16-11-127.1 16-12-120 16-6-4 16-12-22 16-12-28 16-10-31 16-4-8 16-4-8 16-4-8 16-4-8 16-4-8 16-4-8 16-4-8 16-4-8 16-12-1 16-12-1 16-8-15 16-9-5 16-9-5 16-9-2 16-12-140 16-4-1 16-4-1 16-4-1 16-4-1 16-4-1 16-4-1 16-4-1 16-4-1 16-4-1 16-4-1 16-4-1 16-4-1 16-4-1 16-4-1 16-4-1 16-4-1 16-4-1 16-7-22 16-7-23 16-11-40 16-9-34 16-9-35 16-4-7 16-4-7 BURGLARY BURNING WOODLANDS/BRUSH/FIELDS /LANDS;DAMAGE TO WILDFIRE DETECTION EQP BUS/RAIL VEHICLE HIJACKING/BOARDING W/CONCEALED WEAPON CARRY A CONCEALED WEAPON CARRY DEADLY WEAPONS TO OR AT PUBLIC GATHERINGS CARRYING A CONCEALED WEAPON CARRYING PISTOL WITHOUT LICENSE CARRYING WEAPONS W/IN SCHOOL SAFETY ZONES/FUNCTIONS/PROPERTY CERTAIN ACTS IN PUBLIC TRANSIT BUSES/RAPID RAIL CARS/STATIONS CHILD MOLESTATION COMMERCIAL GAMBLING COMMUNICATING GAMBLING INFORMATION CONCEALING DEATH OF ANOTHER PERSON CONSPIRACY TO COMMIT A CRIME ** DO NOT SHOW TO DJJ AS A CHOICE CONSPIRACY TO COMMIT A CRIME/AGGRAVATED ASSAULT CONSPIRACY TO COMMIT A CRIME/ARMED ROBBERY CONSPIRACY TO COMMIT A CRIME/MURDER CONSPIRACY TO COMMIT A CRIME/ROBBERY CONSPIRACY TO COMMIT A CRIME/THEFT BY TAKING CONSPIRACY TO COMMIT CRIME/CRIMINAL DAMAGE TO PROPERTY-FIRST DEGREE CONSPIRACY TO COMMIT CRIME/SIMPLE BATTERY CONTRIBUTING TO THE DELINQUENCY/UNRULINESS/DEPRIVATION OF A MINOR CONTRIBUTING TO THE DELINQUENCY/UNRULINESS/DEPRIVATION OF A MINOR CONVERSION OF PAYMENTS FOR REAL PROPERTY IMPROVEMENTS COUNTERFEIT OR FALSE PROOF OF INSURANCE DOCUMENT COUNTERFEIT/FALSE PROOF OF INSURANCE DOCUMENT CRIM USE OF ARTICLE WITH ALTERED IDENT MARK/FORGERY-2ND DEGREE CRIMINAL ABORTION CRIMINAL ATTEMPT **** DO NOT SHOW TO DJJ AS A CHOICE CRIMINAL ATTEMPT/AGGRAVATED ASSAULT CRIMINAL ATTEMPT/ARMED ROBBERY CRIMINAL ATTEMPT/ARSON CRIMINAL ATTEMPT/BATTERY CRIMINAL ATTEMPT/BURGLARY CRIMINAL ATTEMPT/CHILD MOLESTATION CRIMINAL ATTEMPT/ESCAPE CRIMINAL ATTEMPT/ESCAPE CRIMINAL ATTEMPT/KIDNAPPING CRIMINAL ATTEMPT/MURDER CRIMINAL ATTEMPT/RAPE CRIMINAL ATTEMPT/ROBBERY CRIMINAL ATTEMPT/SEXUAL BATTERY CRIMINAL ATTEMPT/SODOMY CRIMINAL ATTEMPT/THEFT BY TAKING CRIMINAL ATTEMPT/THEFT BY TAKING CRIMINAL DAMAGE TO PROPERTY-FIRST DEGREE CRIMINAL DAMAGE TO PROPERTY-SECOND DEGREE CRIMINAL DEFAMATION CRIMINAL POSSESSION OF FINANCIAL TRANSACTION CARD CRIMINAL RECEIPT OF GOODS/SERVICES FRAUDENTLY OBTAINED CRIMINAL SOLICITATION CRIMINAL SOLICITATION/MURDER Program Recidivism Update for FY 1998 FY 2003 3 F 3 F 8 F 11 M 11 M 11 F 11 M 11 F 4 M 9 F 4 F 4 F 4 F M 4 F 8 F 8 F 8 F 3 F 3 F 4 M 4 M 4 F 3 F 4 F 4 M 3 F 8 F M 8 F 8 F 3 F 4 M 3 F 9 F 4 M 4 F 8 F 8 F 9 F 8 F 9 M 9 F 3 M 3 F 3 F 3 F 4 M 3 M 3 M 4 M 8 F Page 34 16-7-21 16-7-29 16-9-70 16-12-4 16-5-70 16-7-25 16-7-27 16-9-20 16-11-107 16-11-105 16-11-104 16-11-103 16-11-39 20-2-1181 16-11-37.1 16-12-80 27-3-15 16-12-37 40-6-391 16-13-75 40-6-273 20-2-1183 16-12-100.1 16-8-18 16-6-5 16-10-52(b) 16-10-52 16-5-41 16-5-42 16-10-26 16-10-20 16-5-80 16-9-121 16-9-32 16-9-33 16-9-31 40-6-395 16-13-43(a)5 16-9-1 16-6-18 16-9-56 16-11-101 16-11-101.1 16-12-21 16-10-25 16-6-17 16-11-39.1 16-5-61 16-5-44.1 16-5-44 16-10-50 16-7-85 CRIMINAL TRESPASS CRIMINAL TRESSPASS BY MOTOR VEHICLE CRIMINAL USE OF ALTERED ID ARTICLE CRUELTY TO ANIMALS CRUELTY TO CHILDREN DAMAG/INJURING/INTERF W/PROP OF PUB UTIL/MUNICIP/POLITIC SUBDIVISIONS DAMAGE/DESTROY/DEFACE MAILBOXES/MAIL DEPOSIT ACCOUNT FRAUD DESTROYING/INJURING POLICE DOG/POLICE HORSE DISCHARGE OF FIREARM ON SUNDAY DISCHARGE OF FIREARMS ON PROPERTY OF ANOTHER DISCHARGE OF GUN/PISTOL NEAR PUBLIC HIGHWAY/STREET DISORDERLY CONDUCT DISRUPTING PUBLIC SCHOOL DISSEMINATION OF INFO RELATING TO TERRORISTIC ACTS DISTRIBUTING OBSCENE MATERIAL DNR VIOLATION DOGFIGHTING DRIVING UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF ALC/DRUGS/INTOXICATING SUBSTANCE DRUGS TO BE KEPT IN ORIGINAL CONTAINER DUTY TO REPORT ACCIDENT RESULTING IN INJURY/DEATH/PROPERTY DAMAGE ELECTRONIC PAGERS PROHIBITED ELECTRONICALLY FURNISHING OBSCENE MATERIAL TO MINOR ENTERING MOTOR VEHICLE WITH INTENT TO COMMIT THEFT/FELONY ENTICING A CHILD FOR INDECENT PURPOSES ESCAPE ESCAPE FALSE IMPRISONMENT FALSE IMPRISONMENT UNDER COLOR OF LEGAL PROCESS FALSE REPORT OF A CRIME FALSE STATEMENTS/WRITINGS/CONCEALMENT OF FACTS/FRAUDULENT DOCUMENTS FETICIDE FINANCIAL IDENTITY FRAUD FINANCIAL TRANSACTION CARD FORGERY FINANCIAL TRANSACTION CARD FRAUD FINANCIAL TRANSACTION CARD THEFT FLEEING/ATTEMPTING TO ELUDE POLICE OFFICERS/IMPERSONATING AN OFFICER FORGED OR COUNTERFEIT TRADEMARK FORGERY-FIRST DEGREE FORNICATION FRAUDULENT ATTEMPTS TO OBTAIN REFUNDS FURNISHING METAL KNUCKLES/KNIFE TO PERSON UNDER AGE 18 YEARS FURNISHING PISTOL/REVOLVER TO PERSON UNDER AGE 18 YEARS GAMBLING GIVING FALSE NAME/ADDRESS/BIRTHDATE TO LAW ENFORCEMENT OFFICER GIVING MASSAGES IN PLACES USED FOR LEWDNESS/PROSTITUTION/ASSIGNATION HARASSING PHONE CALLS HAZING HIJACKING A MOTOR VEHICLE HIJACKING AN AIRCRAFT HINDER APPREHENSION/PUNISHMENT OF CRIMINAL HOAX DEVICES Program Recidivism Update for FY 1998 FY 2003 3 M 3 F 3 F 4 M 8 F 3 M 3 F 3 F 8 F 11 M 11 M 11 M 11 F 4 M 4 M 5 M 11 M 8 F 2 M 2 M 7 M 4 M 5 M 3 F 5 F 4 F 4 M 8 F 4 F 4 M 4 F 8 F 3 F 3 F 3 F 3 F 7 F/M 3 F 3 F 5 M 3 M 11 M 11 M 4 M 4 M 5 M 4 M 4 M 8 F 3 F 4 F 3 M Page 35 16-7-85 52-7-12.2 52-7-12.2 16-10-23 16-9-52 16-6-22 16-11-31 16-10-93 16-13-91 16-5-45 16-7-24(b) 16-7-24(a) 16-10-97 16-5-3 16-5-3 16-5-40 16-7-43 16-8-20 16-8-20 16-11-36 50-27-27 50-27-28 16-11-44 16-5-43 16-13-30(b) 16-13-30(b) 16-13-32.5 16-13-32.4 16-13-30.1 16-7-82 16-6-21 16-6-16 16-9-93.1 16-5-1 16-6-7 16-11-43 16-10-24 16-10-24.2 16-10-24.1 16-10-24 16-10-24.3 16-5-5 52-7-12 16-6-14 16-15-4 16-11-61 16-13-3 16-10-70 16-10-55 20-2-751.5 16-5-71.1 16-6-11 HOAX DEVICES HOMICIDE BY VESSEL HOMICIDE BY VESSEL IMPERSONATING A PUBLIC OFFICER/EMPLOYEE IMPROPER SOLICITATION OF MONEY INCEST INCITING A RIOT INFLUENCING WITNESSES INTENTIONAL INHALATION OF MODEL GLUE INTERFERENCE WITH CUSTODY INTERFERENCE WITH GOVERNMENT PROPERTY INTERFERENCE WITH GOVERNMENT PROPERTY INTIMIDATION/INJURY OF GRAND/PETIT JUROR/COURT OFFICER INVOLUNTARY MANSLAUGHTER INVOLUNTARY MANSLAUGHTER KIDNAPPING LITTERING PUBLIC OR PRIVATE PROPERTY OR WATERS LIVESTOCK THEFT LIVESTOCK THEFT LOITERING OR PROWLING LOTTERY TICKET MAKE/ALTER/FORGE/UTTER/PASS/COUNTERFEIT LOTTERY TICKET MAKE/ENTER FALSE STATEMEMENT IN BOOK OR RECORD MAINTAINING A DISORDERLY HOUSE MALICIOUS CONFINEMENT OF SANE PERSON IN AN ASYLUM MANUF/DIS/DISP/ADMIN/SELL/POSS W/INTENT SELL OF CONTROLLED SUBSTANCE MANUF/DIS/DISP/ADMIN/SELL/POSS W/INTENT SELL OF CONTROLLED SUBSTANCE MANUF/DISTRIB/DISPENS/POSS OF CONTROLLED SUBST NEAR PARK/HOUSING PRJ MANUF/DISTRIB/DISPENS/POSS OF CONTROLLED SUBSTANCE IN/AT/NEAR SCHOOLS MANUF/DISTRIB/DISPENS/POSS W/INTENT TO DISTRIB IMITATION CONTR SUBST MANUF/TRANSP/DISTRIB/POSS W/INTENT TO DISTRIB EXPLOSIVE DEVICE MARRYING A BIGAMIST MASTURBATION FOR HIRE MISLEADING TRANSMITTAL/USE OF IND NAME/TRADEMARK OVER COMPUTER/TELEP MURDER NECROPHILIA OBSTRUCT HIGHWAYS/STREETS/SIDEWALKS/OTHER PUBLIC PASSAGES OBSTRUCT/HINDER LAW ENFORCEMENT OFFICERS OBSTRUCTING/HINDERING EMERG MEDICAL TECHNICIANS/PROFESSIONALS OBSTRUCTING/HINDERING FIREFIGHTERS OBSTRUCTING/HINDERING LAW ENFORCEMENT OFFICERS OBSTRUCTING/HINDERING PERSONS MAKING EMERGENCY TELEPHONE CALLS OFFER TO ASSIST IN COMMISSION OF SUICIDE OPERATION OF WATERCRAFT WHILE UNDER INFLUENCE OF ALCOHOL/DRUGS PANDERING PARTICIPATION IN CRIMINAL STREET GANG ACTIVITY PROHIBITED PEEPING TOMS PENALTY FOR ABANDONMENT OF DANG DRUGS/POISONS/CONTROLLED SUBST PERJURY PERSUADE/ENTICE/INSTIGATE/AID/ABETE TO COMMIT MUTINY PHYSICAL ASSAULT OF A FACULTY MEMBER PIERCING OF THE BODY PIMPING Program Recidivism Update for FY 1998 FY 2003 3 F 8 F 8 M 4 F 4 M 5 F 4 M 4 M 2 M 4 M 3 M 3 F 4 F 8 F 8 M 8 F 3 M 3 F 3 M 4 M 3 F 3 F 4 M 8 F 2 F 2 M 1 F 1 F 1 F 4 F 4 F 5 M 3 M 8 F 5 F 4 M 4 M 4 F 4 F 4 F 4 M 4 F 4 M 5 F/M 4 M 5 M 2 M 4 F 4 F 4 M 4 M 5 M Page 36 16-11-102 16-11-106 16-11-131 16-11-122 16-13-30(j) 16-13-30(j) 16-13-78.2 16-13-78.2 16-12-24 16-7-88 25-10-2 16-13-30.2 16-11-132 16-11-132 16-7-20 16-13-32.2 16-11-34 16-9-21 16-9-4 16-9-4 16-6-9 POINTING/AIMING GUN/PISTOL AT ANOTHER POSS OF FIREARM/KNIFE DURING COMMISSION/ATTEMPT TO COMMIT CRIMES POSS OF FIREARMS BY CONVICTED FELONS/FIRST OFFENDER PROBATIONERS POSS OF SAWED-OFF SHTGUN/RIFLE/MACHINE GUN/SILENCER/DANG PROHIB WEAP POSS/CONTROL/MANUF/DELIV/DIST /DISP/ADMIN/PURCH/SELL POSS W/ INTENT T POSS/CONTROL/MANUF/DELIV/DIST /DISP/ADMIN/PURCH/SELL POSS W/INTENT T POSS/MANUF/DELIVERY/DISTRIB/SALE OF COUNTERFEIT SUBSTANCES POSS/MANUF/DELIVERY/DISTRIB/SALE OF COUNTERFEIT SUBSTANCES POSS/MANUF/TRANSF OF GAMBLING DEVICE/PARTS, POSS ANTIQUE SLOT MACHINE POSS/TRANS EXPLOSIVES/DEVICES W/INTENT TO INTIMIDATE/KILL/DESTROY POSS/USE/EXPLOSION OF FIREWORKS POSSESSION OF IMITATION SUBSTANCE POSSESSION OF PISTOL/REVOLVER BY PERSON UNDER AGE 18 YEARS POSSESSION OF PISTOL/REVOLVER BY PERSON UNDER AGE 18 YEARS POSSESSION OF TOOLS FOR THE COMMISSION OF CRIME POSSESSION/USE OF DRUG RELATED OBJECTS PREVENT/DISRUPT LAWFUL MEETINGS/GATHERINGS/PROCESSIONS PRINT/EXECUTE/NEGOTIATE FICTITIOUS MONETARY INSTRUMENTS PROHIBITION AGAINST KNOWINGLY MANUF/SELL/DISTRIB FALSE IDENT DOCUMENT PROHIBITION AGAINST KNOWINGLY MANUF/SELL/DISTRIB FALSE IDENT DOCUMENT PROSTITUTION 16-11-41 42-5-18 16-6-8 16-13-1(C) 16-13-30(a) 16-13-30(a) 40-6-186 16-6-1 16-5-72 16-5-60(b) 16-5-60 40-6-390(a) 16-10-30 16-12-161 16-8-21 16-10-33 16-11-35 16-8-60 16-10-29 16-11-30 16-10-56 16-8-40 16-8-41 16-8-40.3 25-10-2 16-12-171 16-13-72 10-1-310 16-12-103 52-7-12.4 16-6-22.1 PUBLIC DRUNKENNESS PROVIDE CONTRABAND TO AN INMATE OF A PENAL INSTITUTION PUBLIC INDECENCY PURCHASE/OBTAIN DRUG RELATED OBJECTS BY MINOR PURCHASE/POSSESSION/CONTROL OF CONTROLLED SUBSTANCE PURCHASE/POSSESSION/CONTROL OF CONTROLLED SUBSTANCE RACING ON HIGHWAYS OR STREETS RAPE RECKLESS ABANDONMENT RECKLESS CONDUCT CAUSING BODILY HARM/ENDANGERMENT OF ANOTHER RECKLESS CONDUCT CAUSING BODILY HARM/ENDANGERMENT OF ANOTHER RECKLESS DRIVING REFUSAL TO OBEY OFFICIAL REQUEST AT FIRE/OTHER EMERGENCY REMOVAL OF BODY PARTS FROM SCENE OF DEATH/DISMEMBERMENT REMOVAL/ABANDONMENT OF SHOPPING CARTS REMOVAL/ATTEMPTED REMOVAL OF WEAPON FROM PUBLIC OFFICIAL REMOVAL/FAILURE TO LEAVE FROM CAMPUS/FAC OF UNIVERSITY SYSTEM/SCHOOL REPRODUCTION/TRANSFER/SALE OF RECORDED MATERIAL REQUEST FOR AMBULANCE SERVICE WHEN NOT REASONABLY NEEDED RIOT RIOT IN A PENAL INSTITUTION ROBBERY ROBBERY BY INTIMIDATION ROBBERY BY SUDDEN SNATCHING SALE OF FIREWORKS SALE/DISTRIB TO/POSS BY MINOR CIGARETTES/TOBACCO REL OBJECTS SALE/DISTRIBUTION/POSSESSION OF DANGEROUS DRUG SCALPING TICKETS FOR CERTAIN ATHLETIC CONTESTS/ENTERTAINMENT EVENTS SELL/LOAN/DISTRIBUTE/EXHIBIT PRINTED MATERIAL TO MINOR SERIOUS INJURY BY VESSEL SEXUAL BATTERY Program Recidivism Update for FY 1998 FY 2003 11 M 11 F 11 F 11 F 2 F 2 M 1 M 1 F 4 M 4 F 11 M 2 F 11 M 11 F 3 F 2 M 4 M 3 F 4 F 4 M 5 M 2 M 3 F 5 M 2 M 2 M 2 F 7 M 9 F 4 F 4 M 4 F 7 M 4 M 4 M 3 M 4 F 4 M 3 F 4 M 4 M 4 F 8 F 8 F 8 F 11 M 6 S 1 M 4 M 5 M 8 F 9 M Page 37 16-12-100 16-5-20 16-5-23 16-12-2 16-6-2 16-6-15 16-6-15 16-5-90 16-5-90 16-6-3 16-6-3 16-10-72 16-8-41 16-10-94 16-5-71 16-11-37 16-8-9 16-8-4 16-8-3 16-8-3 16-8-16 16-8-8 16-8-7 16-8-7 16-8-14 16-8-14 16-8-2 16-8-2 16-8-6 16-8-6 16-8-5 16-8-5 16-9-39 16-8-13 16-8-13 40-6-270 40-6-394 16-13-31 16-13-32.1 16-13-32.1 16-10-27 16-10-28 10-2-14 16-9-37(b) 16-9-37(a) 16-11-33 16-7-52 16-7-52 16-11-123 16-13-32.3 40-5-125 16-7-26 SEXUAL EXPLOITATION OF CHILDREN SIMPLE ASSAULT SIMPLE BATTERY SMOKING IN PUBLIC PLACES SODOMY SOLICITATION OF SODOMY SOLICITATION OF SODOMY STALKING STALKING STATUTORY RAPE STATUTORY RAPE SUBORNATION OF PERJURY/FALSE SWEARING TAKING CONTROLLED SUBSTANCE FROM PHARMACY TAMPERING WITH EVIDENCE TATTOOING TERRORISTIC THREATS/ACTS THEFT BY BRINGING STOLEN PROPERTY INTO STATE THEFT BY CONVERSION THEFT BY DECEPTION THEFT BY DECEPTION THEFT BY EXTORTION THEFT BY RECEIVING PROPERTY STOLEN IN ANOTHER STATE THEFT BY RECEIVING STOLEN PROPERTY THEFT BY RECEIVING STOLEN PROPERTY THEFT BY SHOPLIFTING THEFT BY SHOPLIFTING THEFT BY TAKING THEFT BY TAKING THEFT OF LOST/MISLAID PROPERTY THEFT OF LOST/MISLAID PROPERTY THEFT OF SERVICES THEFT OF SERVICES THEFT OF TELECOMMUNICATIONS SERVICES THEFT OF TRADE SECRETS THEFT OF TRADE SECRETS TRAFFIC HIT-AND-RUN-DUTY OF DRIVER TO STOP AT/RETURN TO ACCIDENT TRAFFIC-SERIOUS INJURY BY VEHICLE TRAFFICKING IN COCAINE/ILLEGAL DRUGS/MARIJUANA /METHAMPHETAMINE TRANSACTIONS IN DRUG RELATED OBJECTS TRANSACTIONS IN DRUG RELATED OBJECTS TRANSMIT FALSE REPORT OF FIRE TRANSMITTING FALSE PUBLIC ALARM UNAUTHORIZED COMMERCIAL ACTIVITY-GA WORLD CONGRESS CENTER UNAUTHORIZED USE OF FINANCIAL TRANSACTION CARD UNAUTHORIZED USE-FINANCIAL TRANSACTION CARD UNLAWFUL ASSEMBLY UNLAWFUL DUMPING UNLAWFUL DUMPING UNLAWFUL POSSESSION OF FIREARMS/WEAPONS USE OF COMMUNICATION FACILITY TO VIOLATE VGCSA PROVISIONS USE OF FALSE NAME IN APPLICATION VANDALISM TO A PLACE OF WORSHIP Program Recidivism Update for FY 1998 FY 2003 5 F 4 M 4 M 4 M 5 F 5 M 5 F 4 M 4 F 5 F 5 M 4 F 8 F 4 M 4 M 4 F 3 F 3 F 3 M 3 F 3 F 3 F 3 M 3 F 3 M 3 F 3 F 3 M 3 F 3 M 3 F 3 M 3 F 3 M 3 F 7 M 8 F 1 F 1 M 1 F 4 M 4 F 4 M 3 M 3 F 4 M 3 F 3 M 11 F 1 M 4 M 3 F Page 38 40-6-393.1 VEHICULAR FETICIDE-1ST DEGREE 40-6-393(a) VEHICULAR HOMICIDE-FIRST DEGREE 40-6-393(b) VEHICULAR HOMICIDE-SECOND DEGREE 16-13 VGCSA 16-5-2 VOLUNTARY MANSLAUGHTER 16-11-38 WEARING MASK/HOOD/DEVICE WHICH CONCEALS IDENTITY OF WEARER GA Code Non-Offenses Description 15-11-5 15-11-5 15-11-2.6 15-11-2-8 15-11-2.12(d) 3-3-22 3-3-23 37-3-1(4.b) 20-2-1180 15-11-2.12(e) 50-27-26 40-6-181 3-3-24 NA 20-2-766.1 15-11-2.12(g) 40-6-95 3-3-21.1 40-6-253 15-11-2.12 15-11-2.11 15-11-2.11 40-5-29 15-11-2.12(a) 15-11-2.12(b) 15-11-2.12 15-11-2.12(f) 15-11-2.12(f) 17-6-94 15-11-2(b) 15-11-2(b) 15-11-2(b) 15-11-2 CONTEMPT POWERS OF JUVENILE COURT CONTEMPT POWERS OF JUVENILE COURT DELINQUENCY DEPRIVED DESERTION OF RESIDENCE FURN ALCOHOLIC BEV TO INTOXICATED PERSON FURNISHING/PURCHASE/POSS OF ALCOHOL BY PERSONS UNDER 21 YEARS OF AGE INVOLUNTARY TREATMENT ACT LOITER UPON SCHOOL PREMISES/WITHIN A SCHOOL SAFETY ZONE LOITERING IN PUBLIC 12 AM-5 AM/CURFEW VIOLATION LOTTERY TICKET SALES TO MINORS MAXIMUM LIMITS-SPEEDING MINOR ENTERING A LIQUOR STORE ORDINANCE VIOLATION OTHER JURISDICTION PARENTS FAILURE TO COOPERATE WITH SCHOOL PATRONIZATION OF BAR W/ALCOHOL W/O PARENT OR GUARDIAN PEDESTRIAN UNDER INFLUENCE OF ALCOHOL/DRUG POSSESSION OF ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES ON THE GROUNDS OF A PUBLIC SCHOOL POSSESSION OF OPEN CONTAINER OF ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGE WHILE OPERATING VEH REVOCATION OF PROBATION/SUPERVISION RUNAWAY-IN COUNTY RUNAWAY-OUT OF COUNTY OR STATE TRAFFIC VIOLATION TRUANCY UNGOVERNABLE UNRULY VIOLATION OF AFTERCARE VIOLATION OF ALTERNATE PLAN VIOLATION OF BOND/CONTEMPT OF COURT. VIOLATION OF PROBATION VIOLATION OF PROBATION VIOLATION OF PROBATION VIOLATION OF SUPERVISION 8 8 8 2 8 4 Oftype 6 4 6 6 6 2 2 4 4 6 4 7 4 4 4 6 4 2 7 10 6 6 7 6 6 6 10 10 4 10 10 10 10 F F M M F M M/F S M S s S M S M M S M M M M M S M M M S S S M S S S S S M S F M S Program Recidivism Update for FY 1998 FY 2003 Page 39 REFERENCES Florida DJJ, 2000 Outcome Evaluation Report. Florida DJJ, 2004 Outcome Evaluation Report, February 15, 2004. Florida DJJ, National Comparisons from State Recidivism Studies, Management Report No: 99-13, October 1999. Multi-Site Evaluation of Boot Camp Programs, Final Report. NCJRS Document No: 192011, January 17, 2002. Texas Criminal Justice Policy Council, Three-Year Recidivism Rate for Juvenile Offenders Released from the Texas Youth Commission (TYC), 2002. Program Recidivism Update for FY 1998 FY 2003 Page 40