SURVEY OF CRIMINAL COURT PROCEDURE IN GEORGIA Official Project No. 65-34-~5~3 A WORKS PROGRESS ADMINISTRATION PROJECT Sponsored By THE STATE DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WELFARE OF GEORGIA CONSULTING COMMITTEE Lawrence S. Camp John D. Humphries, Sr. Ben T. Watkins Edward Allison Terry, BS, M8 Statewide project Supervisor William Taylor Thurman, LLB Legal Advisor 1 937 ApPRECIATION No endeavor involving a great amount of toil can be successfully accomplished by one or even a few individuals. Team work of the highest type amonb individual workers and cooperation with supervisory personnel must be present before desired ends are gained. For the completion of this survey, more than two hundred persons labored diligently. Gathering the basic data from the numerous courthouses scattered allover the State required painstaking and patient effort from the workers, and the direct10n of local assignments called for ingenuity and unfailing energy on the part of the field supervisors and their assistants. A constant vigil against errors was the lot of those charged with editing the schedules, while the tabulation and assembly of the material gathered was an exhaustive undertaking and made long and tedious hours a necessity for completion. Those upon whom fell the task of general supervision of the work take this opportunity to express a deep appreciation not only for the excellent work that was the rule among all of those connected with the project, but more particularly for the fine spirit that was manifested by all of those whose. combined efforts have made this report possible. FOREWOQO Each of the one hundred and fifty-ni~e county governments of Georgia is charged separately with the duty of combatting lawlessness and maintaining criminal records, and each county has virtually adopted its own methods. Common knowledge and previous criminal studies reveal that the methods, procedure, and records of the law enforcement offices in ma~ of these counties can be adopted to marked advantage by the other counties. Uniformity of records alone would create a tremendous benefit in coordinating and utilizing these data. Systematic exchange of pertinent information would expedite and reduce the cost of apprehending the criminal. Public officials, criminologists, and other experts in government administration have long deplored the absence of reliable and sUfficient information concerning crimes and criminals. These deficiencies are, indeed, aggravated by such lack of uniformity and such multiplicity of county jurisdiction. The Federal Government, through the Works Progress Administration, has undertaken many practical surveys which have given needful employment to ma~ types of non-manual workers. Many of these workers were familiar with court records and procedures; in fact, many had had legal trainin~. With the crying need today for remedies to relieve an appalling crime situation, and with a similar need existing in the unemployment problem, it was thought relief for both could be effected by conducting a survey of this nature. This survey was planned to enable the authorities to deal more intelligently with Georgia's criminal question. It contains facts and figures of definite value in directing public attention to conditions which require more intensive study or immediate rectification. u~t~n.f~ for the Northern District of Georgia Former'Attorney General of Georgia .9~.tJ.H~ Ju~e Superior Court Atlanta Circuit (/~~~, Chie~ of Police of Macon Former President Peace Officers' Association of Georgia 111 TABLE OF CONTENTS PREFACE MECHANICS CHAPTER I CRIMINAL LAW AND CRIMINAL COURTS Substantive Law of Crime Viewpoints of CriminalProoedure The Routine of Criminal Prooedure CHAPTER II LAW ENFORCEMENT The Sovereign's Peaoe The Conservation of the Peaoe CHAPTER III PEOPLE BEFORE THE COURTS CHAPTER IV BAIL !;lONDS Statutory and Constitutional Provisions Types of Bail Bonds Bail Bond Praot1oes Professional Bondsmen Amount of Bail Bonds Forfeiture Praotioes Advantages Vested in the Defendant CHAPT~ V CASES BEFORE CITY COURTS CHAPTER VI CASES BEFORE SUPERIOR COURTS CHAPTER VII CRIMES AND SENTENCES Powers of the Court Misdemeanor Sentenoes Probation and Suspension Sentenoes Reoidiv1sm Baumes Law CHAPTER VIII THE APPELLATE COURTS Number of Cases CHAPTli:R IX CHAPTER X PROCEDURE AFTER SENTENCE The Role of the Prison Commission Disposition of Pr~8oners . . . THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE GEORGIA COURT SYSTEM By John D. Humphries, Sr., JUdge Superior Court Atlanta Circuit Under the Trustees Under the King Independenoe of the Crown The Constitution of 1777 The Constitution of 17g9 The Constitution of 179g The Constitution of 1961 The Constitution of 1965 The Constitution of 1969 The Constitution of 1977 Conolusion CHAPTER XI EXPENSES OF THE SYSTEM CONCLUDING STATEMENT APPENDIX A APPENDIX B APPENDIX C APPENDIX D APPENDIX E APPENDIX F APPENDIX G APPENDIX H v Page 1x xi 9 9 10 15 29 29 30 30 31 32 32 33 35 51 65 65 65 71 ~a ~~ 79 7gO9 g5 g5 g6 gg g9 g9 90 92 92 92 a 97 103 107 109 133 137 14-J. 155 169 175 LIST OF TA~LES TABLE I TABLE II TABLE III TABLE IV TABLE V TABLE VI TABLE VII TABLE VIII TABLE IX TABLE X TABLE XI TABLE XII TABLE XIII TABLE XIV TABLE XV TABLE XVI TABLE XVII TABLE XVIII TABLE XIX TABLE XX TABLE lOtI TABLE XXII TABLE XXIII TABLE XXIV TABLE XXV TABLE XXVI TABLE XXVII TABLE XXVIII TABLE XXIX TABLE XXX TABLE XXXI TABLE XXXII TABLE XXXIII TABLE XXXIV TABLE XXXV TABLE XXXVI TABLE XXXVII TABLE XXXVIII TABLE XXXIX Youth casss Adaitted to the Georgia Penitentiary Page 15 Felons Between Ages 21 and 25 Admitted to the Georgia Penitentiary 15 Race and Sex of Those Aooused of Crime - By Crimes and crime Types 16 Race and Sex of Those Aooused of Crimes - By Age Groups 22 Value of Property Returned for Taxation to Bail Bond Obligations 31 Bail Bond Assesements in Georgia Counties :;2 Size of Bonds Required in an Urban Georgia County 34 Misdemeanor Cases - By Year in Whioh Docketed 36 Violatione Prohibition Law and Simple Larcencies 37 Dispos1tion of Cases - City Courts 38 ~eriQd Between Docketing and Trial of Cases - City Courts 40 Casss Not Tr1ed - City Courts 41 Convi~t10ns and Acquittals - C1ty Courts 42 Pleas of GUilty and Not Guilty- City Courts 44 Convict10ns and Acquittals on Pleas of Not Guilty - C1ty Courts. 45 Trial Procedure in Cases Where Plsas of Not Guilty Were Entered. 46 ConVictions and Aoquittals on Jury Trials - City Courts 4s Convictions and Acquittals on Non Jury Tr1als - City Courts 49 Disposition of cases - Superior Courts 52 Cases Not Tr1ed - Superior Courts 54 Pleas of Guilty and Not GU11ty - Superior Courts 58 Conv1ct10ns and Acquittals - Supsr10r Courts. 60 Period Between Docketing and Tr1al - Super10F Courts 62 Sentenoes for Convictions of Assault and Battery 66 Total Convict10ns in Relation to Different Type Sentenoes - By Cr1mss 67 Total Convictions in Relation to Different Type Sentences - By Type 68 Fine and Alternative Fine-Detent10ll Sentences 68 Detention Sentences 68 Alternative Fine-Detention Sentenoes. .." 69 Fine and Detention Sentences 70 Probation Sentences in Relation to the Total Sentences Impoeed 72 Reo1d1vists In Relation to the Total cases Reviewed 73 Releases Granted 80 Pardons - Percent of Min1aua Se9tence Served 81 Pardons - By Crimes. 81 Commutations - Percent of Minimum Sentence Served. 81 Pardons - Commutations - Paroles - By Minimum Sentenoe Imposed 82 Paroles - By Peroent of Minimum Sentence Served 82 Pardons - Commutations - Paroles - Life Imprisonment cases 83 vi LIST OF ApPENDIX TABLES TABLE 1 TABLE 2 TABLE 3 TABLE 4 TABLE 5 TABLE 6 TABLE 7 TABLE g TABLE 9 TABLE 10 TABLE 11 TABLE 12 TABLE 13 TABLE 14 TABLE 15 TABLE 16 TABLE 17 TABLE ltl TABLE 19 TABLE 20 TABLE 21 TABLE 22 TABLE 23 TABLE 24 TABLE 25 TABLE 26 TABLE 27 TABLE 29 TABLE 30 TABLE 3J. TABLE 32 TABLE 33 TABLE 311- Felons Admltted to the Georgia Penltentlar;r Persons Jailed - B7 Crlas ot Whloh Aocused Month b,. Mon~h Varlatlons ot Persona Jailed. Ages ot Persone Accused ot Crlmes Ball Bonds Requlred ln Felon;r and Xlsdemeanor Cases T,.pes ot Ball Bonds Accepted ln Fulton Count,.. Georgia Ball Bond Assessment ln an Urban Georgla Count,. Ba~ 80nd Assessaents ln Georgla Countle. Bond Forteitures ln an Urban Georgla Count,. Collectlons ot Ball Bond Forteltl~es Flnal JUdgments on Ball Bond Forteltures Detalled Llst ot Mlscellaneous Xlsdemeanors Mlsdemeanor Cases - B7 Year ln Whloh Dooketed Xlsdemeanor Cases - B,. Count,. ln Whloh Dooketed Perlod Between Dooketlng and Trlal ot cases Xlsdemeanor and Felon;r Cases - B,. Year ln Whloh Dooketed Illsdemeanor and Felon;r Cases - B7 County ln WhJbh Dooketed Perlod Between DOoketlng and Trlal ot Ca8es Cases Not Tried Sentences tor IIlsd.meanor Cases Sentenoe. tor Felon;r Cases Crlmlnal Cases Betore the Court ot Appeals ot Georgia Crlmlnal cases Betore the Supreme Court ot Georgia Countles trom whlch Cases were Carrled to the Appellate Courts Dlspoeltlon'ot Caees Betore the Court ot Appeals ot Georgla Dlspostlon ot Crlmlnal Cases Betore the Supreme Court ot Georgla Perlod Between Fl1lng ot Cases and Thelr Dlsposal - The Court ot Appeals ot Geargta Period Between Fillng ot Cases and Thelr Dlsposal - The Supreme Court ot Georgia Requesta to the Supreme Court ror Vi'U or Cer~lorarl Relatlon ot Cases Reversed to Cases APpealed Releases Granted Pardons - Commutatlons - Paroles - B7 Xlnlmua Sentenoe I~osed Releases Granted Prlsoners under Lite ,Imprisonment Sentenoe. ln the Georgia Penltentlar;r Humber ot Eaoapes - Fel'on;r Cases in the Georgia Penltentlar;r Page 109 110 112 113 133 133 1311135 135 136 136 137 134 1110 llW! 143 146 150 152 156 162 \69 170 170 171 171 172 172 173 173 175 175 176 176 vl1 LiST OF CHAIHS, MAPS, AND EXHIBITS MAP I CHART I EXHIBIT I EXHIBIT I! CHART I! CHART II! CHART IV MAP II MAP II! MAP IV Counties Studied Age of Persons Admitted to Georgia Penitentiary Month by Month Variations of Persons Jailed Ages of Persons Accused of Crimes Bonds for Felony and Misdemeanor Cases Types of Bail Bonds Accepted in Fulton County, Georgia 1926-1935 Types of Bail Bonds Accepted in Fulton County, Georgia - 1935 Counties in Which the City Courts were Studied Cases Rsversed to Cases Appealed Circuits of the Superior Court of Georgia EXHIBI'l' I EXHIBIT 2 EXHIBIT 3 EXHIBIT II- EXHIBIT 5 EXHIBIT 6 EXHIBIT 7 Jail Dooket Sohedules Sohedules in Trial Courts Schedules in Appellate Courts Schedule Used for Prison Commission Cases Superior Court Circuits in which the Judges Reoeive Salaries Paid by the County Typioal Recidivist Cases Procedure Used in Gathering Data from Prison Commission Page x 17 19 20 31 32 33 37 7g gil- 107 107 108 109 1511155 176 viii PR.E F A,CE The state Department of Public Welfare is charged with the duty of collecting, compiling, and pUblishing statistics and information regarding the delinquent, dependent, and defective classes. No factfinding expedition ,regarding delinquent olasses oould be oomplete without some information regarding the operation of the oriminal courts in which these persons are tried. With the aid of funds from the Amerioan Institute of Criminal Law, the state Department of Publio Welfare in 1924 jl8.de a study of cases ooming before the Superior and City Courts of five representative counties of Georgia. Few studies of this type had then been at- tempted and the teohnique developed was utilized tw surveys in other states. The study covered a total of 12,052 oases brought before the oourts during the years 1916 and 1921. Full oredit for its suooess is given to Boyoe M. Edens and Hugh N. Fuller, who were oonneoted with the Department in 1924. A more extsnsive criminal oourt study was made by Hugh N. Fuller in 1925, when 59,671 oases appearing before six of the largsr oriminal courts during the ten-year period 1916-1925 were surveyed. Suoh qUestions as amount of court business, frequenoy of oertain crimes, time of disposition, certainty of punishment, and type of sentsnce imposed were given particular attention. The two studies mentioned above were made for the purpose of assisting the officers of the oourt, the judge partioularly, in understanding the work of the court and something about ths persons ooming before it. It is regretted that court reoords do not inolude more of the oase histories of defendants. This fact naturally limits the scope of any oourt stUdy. Seeing the need for a continuation of or~minal oourt research in Georgia, the Department appealed to the Works Progress Administration of Georgia to approve a proJeot whioh would inolude a survey of a repreeentative group of counties of Georgia. Through the close oooperation of the Works Progress Administration, such a project was undertaken in ths fall of 1935. This survey oovered 234,324 cases from the trial oourts of fifty-seven representative oounties. With every seotion of the State inoluded in the Survey of Criminal Court Prooedure in Georgia, valuable information regarding the relationship of orime to geographical areas baa been disoovered. This survey, utilizing as it has the pioneer wo~ of the State Department of Public Welfare in former studies, undoubtedly 11'111 furnish a report of oriminal oourt business which will be invaluable to court offioials, students of oriminology, BOolal workers, and the interested pUblio. The State Department of Public Welfare, as Sponsor of the projeot, wishes to thank the Works Progress Administration for the time and funds expended in this endeaYor. Atlanta, Georgia February 1, 1937 ,,~~.," PUblio Welfare ix COUNTIES IN WMICH THE SURVEY OF CRIMINAL COU~T PROCEDUQE OPERATED ~@ MAP No.1 x MECHANICS OF THE SURVEY Thls survey-,-::' deslgned to determlne how flne the mills of the Georgla court system grlnd, slfted and graded the grlst of the several courts. The sample selected for study contalns s11ght1y more than one-thlrd of the oountles of the state, and a trlf1e more than one-half lts popu1atlon. The period covered is representative of Georgia's current court and orimina1 problems, since it covers the decade closing December 31, 1935. This ten-year period should reflect completely the problems existent not only today, but also those in the days of numerous business failures. The court system of Georgia i8 built around the oounty as a basic unit. Pr~ctioal1y all types of oounties found within the State were represented in the group chosen. A oomp1ete 11st of these counties is shown on the map on the opposite page. This survey was planned as a definite part of the Works Progress Administratlon program in Georgia, with a vlew of utilizing the talents of large numbers of people then upon re11ef rolls. Many of these individuals had had experience in and about the oourthouses of the State, and were relatively fami11ar with court procedure and court records. OVer 250 persons were employed at varlous times on this survey. Close supervision was given these people at all tlmes. and they found few difficu1tles in securing the deslred data. When preliminary reconnalssance was made for this survey, it was discovered that the complete records of a criminal case had to be gathered from several sources. Records of arrests are kept in the offlce of the sheriffs; records of trial are kept in the office of the olerk of the oourt; records after sentence are kept by the Prlson Commission; and reoords of appeals are kept ln the appellate courts. The records of several offlces must be searched before the oomplete record of any indlvidual case can be compiled. It was soon discovered that, except ln a few localities, lt would be imposslble to trace on a single schedule the hlstory of a case from the arrest to final dlspositlon. Therefore, it was decided to dlvide the data gathering into four distinct parts; part one to cover the information regarding the arrest, bonding, or jailing of the aocused; part two to cover the progress of the criminal oase before the trial court; part three to cover the progress before the appellate courts; part four to cover the ~ecords of the Prlson Commlssion. Each sheriff in the State of Georgla is required by statute to keep a jail docket. Thls jail docket is supposed to contain a record of the age, sex, and color of the person arrested, the crime charged, the date and process uf commltment, and the date and process of release. In Fulton County, lt was possible to place upon the same schedule information concerning the amount of the bond demanded of persons arrested and the information from the sheriff's jail docket. Many sheriffs have record books deslgned to recelve the full information called for in the Code, but in many cases the value of such information was not comprehended, and often the sheriff saw fit to keep only a partlal record of the persons sent to jail. It was found to be unusual for the sheriff to keep a record of all persons arrested. Generally the sheriff kept ln hls jal1 docket such Informatlon as he deemed germane to the case, whlch, in some countles, conslsted only ot the name of the accused, hls age, and the crlme wlth whlch charged. In other countles, the race was consldered of equal lmportanoe, and only ln a very few countles was an accurate record kept of the process of commltment and release. (See Appendlx A, Exhlblt 1, for schedule' used.) Usually, the record of the trlal courts was more nearly complete than that ln the sherlff's office. However, this was not always the case, since lnoomplete ~cords were found in more than one county. In one oounty, for lnstance, no effort was made by the clerk to lndex hls court dockets. In the trlal courts, lt ls customary to docket each case on a criminal or bench docket. For the 'Superior Court, thls record should be completed by the judge. In gathering the data as deslred from the trial courts, the workers usually started wlth the criminal docket and secured therefrom a reoord of the begln ning of the case and thence traced the case through the mlnute docket, a dayby-day record of the events before the court, to lts conclusion wlthin that court. In many countles it was necessary at tlmes to complete a schedule by referring to the orlginal papers (warrants, lndictments, accusations). This was possible in practically every county studied. One difficulty encountered in the completion of the schedules in the trial courts was the practice of many sollcitors of using blanket instead of speclflccharges. In one city court, more than ninety percent of the persons before the court were charged with the blanket charge "misdemeanor." Dlfferent schedules were deslgned for the superlor and city courts, due to certaln general dlfferences in the procedure of these two courts. Where county courts instead of city courts were studled, the same schedule was used for both ~ourts since the procedures within them are quite similar. (Copies of the schedules used in the trial courts will be found in Appendix A, Exhibit 2.) The ~ata for the ,appellate courts were relatively easy to secure since the records ot'both the ,CO-frrt ot Appeals and the Supreme Court are quite similar and have been kept during the period of the study by the same group of officials. In this particular schedule, effort was made to determine the type of cases securing appeals and the time of disposition of these appeals. (See Appendix A, Exhibit 3, for schedule used.) The Prison Commission of Georgia was exceptionally cooperative in aiding the survey crew to gather the desired information from their records. A record of the race and sex of convicted'felons was secured, along with a record of the escapes, time served, and the type of releases granted by the Prison Commission. (See Appendix A, Exhibit 4, for schedule used.) This survey has consumed a period of twelve months. More than a month was taken up in making the necessary preliminary reconnaissance so that the workers could secure the desired information with a minimum of difficulty. Approximately three months were spent in gathering the data. The remainder of the time was spent in assembling and tabulating the findings. In each county where the survey operated, a most cordial reception was tendered the workers by court officials. Where unforeseen minor difficulties were discovered, clerks and sheriffs spent time and thought in aiding the workers to overcome those difficulties. If a duplicate set of records was kept, the sheriff made it possible for two groups of workers to function simultaneously. In most of the counties a special room was set aside in the county courthouse for the workers so that they would not be impeded by havir~ to work in a general office. G~a,~ state-wide Project Supervisor g~:l~ Legal Advisor xii Chapter I CRIMINAL LAW AND CRIMINAL COURTS SUBSTANTIVE LAW OF CRIME: Before going into a study of the various aspects of crime, it is proper to set out the definition of orime as given by the Code of Georgia: IA crime or misdemeanor shall consist in a violation of a public law, in the oommission of which there shall be a union or joint operation of act and intention or criminal negligence." (1) To paraphrase the Code, a crime might be said to be the commission of any act which has been deo1ared by law to be against the good and well-being of sooiety, ooup1ed with an intention to do a wrong in that aot. Since the beginnings of oivi1ized sooiety, orimes have been oata1ogued in two olassifioations: One of gravity and the other of type. Offenses are diVided aooording to gravity into felonies and misdemeanors. As defined by the Code: "The term felony means an offense, for which the offender, on oonviotion, shall be liable to be punished by death or imprisonment in the penitentiary, and not otherwise. Every other orime is a misdemeanor. "IZl An illustration of the difference in grade is the differenoe between assault and battery and assault with intent to murder. Assault and battery is a lesser aot of violenoe upon the person of another, and being less grave, is a misdemeanor. On the other hand, assault With intent to murder is an offense of extreme gravity, and is a felony. EaCh sovereignty makes its own classification of types of crimes. In Georgia offenses against the State and people constitute the first division aCOOrding to type, and consist of treason, insurrection, and attempts to incite insurrection. The distinguishing mark of these crimes is the fact that they are aimed at the ~~~truction of the sovereignty of the state (1) Sec. 26-201 Ga. Code of 1933. (21 Sec. 26-101 ibid. rather than against its good order. The next division has been called crimes against the person, or crimes of violence, and includes all homicides, as well as the crimes of rape, mayhem, false imprisonment, stabbing, kidnapping, and all criminal assaults. There are three degrees of homicide in the State: Murder, manslaughter, and justifiable homicide. Murder is defined as the unlawful killing of a human being with malice aforethought.~1 It is punishable by death exoept in those cases where the jury recommends mercy.(4) Manslaughter is the unlawful killing of a human being without malice, and may be voluntary or involuntary .'51 Voluntary manslaughter is a homicide committed while the offender is in a state of excitement or passion, thus differing from the deliberation which is a part of the crime of murder, and is punished by confinement in the penitentiary by not less than one nor longer than 20 years!~ Involuntary manslaughter is the killing of a human being while in the performance of an unlawful act or a lawful act which might produce death in an unlawful manner - such as without that due regard for human life which is expected of every ordinary man - and is punished when in the commission of an unlawful act by confinement in the penitentiary for not less than one nor longer than three years, and when in the oommission of a lawful aot, as for a misdemeanor.(7) Justifiable homicide is the killing of a human being in self defense, defense of habitation, et cetera; and also in-. eludes killing by oommand of law, such as an exeoution in pursuance of proper order. (8) Rape is also a orime against the person. While one of the elements of rape is an offense (3) Secs. 26-1001 ;26-1002 ibid. (41 Sec. 26-1005 ibid. lSI Sec. 26-1006 ibid. ~l Secs. 26-1007;26-1008 ibid. (7) Secs. 26-1009;26-1010 ibid. (6) Sec. 26-1011 ibid. - 1- against public morality, still the main feature of the crime is the carnal kneWiedgeof a female without her consent and against her will. This element of force properly brings it within the category of crimes of violence. (ll Offenses against habitation and other buildin~s form the next grouping of crimes in Georgia, and include arson and other burnings, destruction of property with explosives, and . burglary. The crime last mentioned consists in the breaking and entering of a dwelling or place of business containing articles of value, with the intent to commit a felony or larceny therein. Since an essential element in burglary is the breaking and entering, it belongs to this group of crimes, even though burglary often involves the taking of property. (2) However, that group of crimes which is related to property is a lRrge one, and embraces all larcenies, embezzlements, criminal trespass, and other miscellaneous crimes of the same nature. Robbery also falls within this category. The distinction between robbery and larceny is the element of force that enters into rnbbery and not into larceny.(3) This element might seem to cause robbery to fall more properly within the classification of crimes of violence, but when it is remembered that the taking of property is the gist of the offense, this classification becomes logical. No classification of crime would be complete without that group which is against public justice and the functions of the government . Here are found the crimes of perjury, subornation of perjury, and false swearing. The difference between perjury and false swearing lies in the fact that perjury must be committed in the process of a jUd1cial procedure, while false swearing is the false representation of fact under oath outside of judicial procedure.~ Here also (11 Sec. 26-1301 ibid. (2) Sec. 26-2401 ibid. ~) Secs. 26-2501;26-2601;26-2606 ibid. ~) Secs. 26-4001;26-4003;26-4004 ibid. are bribery and conspiracy against the state or county, rescuing and harboring criminals, and many other related crimes. Closely connected to the above are those offenses against the public peace, such as carrying weapons without a permit, dueling, rioting, mob violence, and other disturbances of the public peace and tranquility. Another large classification are those crimes which are against public morality and decency, public safety, and the general policy of the government in a civilized society. Under the heading of crimes against public morality are bigamy, incest, sodomy, beastiality, adultery and fornication, seduction, and prostitution. None of these crimes entail the element of force found in rape. Under the heading of public policy are found the offenses of gambling, gaming, lottery, using obscene language, exhibiting obscene pictures, and violations of the regulations protecting minors, as well as violations of tIle laws protecting divine services and the sanctity of the Sabbath Day. Strangely enough, vagrancy also falls within this group, because it is against the public policy of the State to have vagrants within its limits. Forgery, counterfeiting, and unlawful currency fall within a classification to themselves. Then, there is that group of miscellaneous crimes which includes cheating and swindling, malicious mischief, cruelty to animals, and related crimes. The foregoing are the major classifications of crimes. In addition, many acts have been made offenses because those acts interfere with the proper conduct of the various departments of the State or the exercise of its police powers. Within this group are violations of tax laws, violations of the laws regulating intOXicating liquors, and numerous other acts. An attempt to commit any crime falls within the same classification as the crime. Offenders, as well as offenses, have been - 2- classified in Georgia. Principals in crime are of two degrees~ The princ1pal .in the first degree is the actual perpetrator of the crime; ment of the individual and society as a whole. VIEWPOINTS OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE: The administration of any law which requires the active whereas, the principal in the second degree is (1) one who stands b,y, aids and abets the crime. Further, there may be an accessory before the direction of a state agency is beset b,y many difficulties, and administration of criminal law is no exception. As one reads through facts and fact, as one who aids in the planning of a figures relating to criminal law and criminals, crime; and an accessory after the fact, as one it must be remembered that in dealing with these who, after full knowledge that a crime has been committed, conceals it and harbors the crimina1~ matters, the human equation must be taken into consideration, and that circumstance msy justify In the philosophy of criminal law, there is a condition that, viewed from a standpoint of a third classification which divides crimes into pure efficiency, might appear to be unjustifi- two groups - those which are mala J,Q. se and those which are mala prohibita. The former is comprised of those crimes which are inherently wrong, such as murder, burglary, theft, rape, et cetera; while the second group is comprised able. In every criminal law and in every statute affecting criminal procedure, allowance must be made for and due weight given to three forces: First, the state as a social body in its sover- of those acts which have been made offenses in the interest of the progress of the state and eign responsibility for the welfare of its people as a whole; second, the constitutional and civilization. In the former class the element natural rights of all members of society as in- of intent is never presumed, but must be proved; diViduals; and third, the practical experiences while in the second, an intent sUfficient to of the machinery set up by the state for the ad- sustain the crime is presumed from the commit- ministration of its criminal laws, viz., the ting of the overt act. With this statement, it court system. Sometimes all factors will work is easy to harmonize the old saying that "igno- together and a given law will do justice to all rance of the law is no excuse." three, but in other instances, the interest of In the early development of the fabric of two or more may be adverse. society, offenses were punished for a retribu- The very nature of a state makes its atti- tion and compensation to the individual who was tude somewhat different from that of an individ- harmed. With the progress of civilization, a ua1 in that it is responsible for the we11-be- wider view has been taken and punishment of ing of its citizens as a whole, and it must con- crime has no element of vengeance, but the en- sider the ultimate effect of a regulation as to tire theory of punishment is based on an expec- its beneficient effect on the body politic, tation that the punishment will be a deterrent for the individual involved and for other per- rather than upon each individual application. This may mean that in some instances a hardship sons. Such is the main consideration of the may be worked on a single person or a small JUdge in passing a sentence, but he is also con- group, but if the general effect on its people cerned with the surrounding circumstances, the is one of protection against an existing or' offender's background and character, and other threatened evil and an incentive to the progress things which make the punishment for a crime a of society as a unit, then the viewpoint of the humane t~~g designed for the eventual better- ~) Sec. 26-501 ibid. ~J Secs. 26-602;26-604 ibid. state is satisfied. Much could be said with regard to the rights of the individual in any given case. The indi- - 3- vidual rights and liberties of the Amerioan peo- eaoh separate foroegiven its proper weight be- ple have been held'jlaored abovec all. else in our government. While it is true that oriminal laws fore any oriminal law may be said to be a good one, whether it be substantive law, in defining are intended for the best interest of the many, what is oriminal, or adjective law, in setting it is equally true that any law whioh denies to up a procedure or administration. any individual his personal rights whioh are in- THE ROUTINE OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE: The judioial herent in our form of government is unfair and system of this State for oriminal jurisdiotion unjust to not only one individual but to the is composed of three types of oourts, viz., whole people, because society, as an aggregate, oourts of inquiry, trial oourts, and appellate is composed of individuals, and a destruction of courts. Courts of inquiry are oomposed of any the personal liberty of one is a blow aimed at person haVing the powers of Justice of the the foundatj)n of a democratic government. This Peaoe, and are oalled into being from time to does not mean that the state should' not have the time to determine probable guilt of suspeots. right to curb any unwarranted license of an in- The trial oourts oonsist of the Superior diVidual, but any regulation whioh does not re- Court and various oity and oounty oourts. Orig- tain for the individual all those natural and inal jurisdiotion in the trial of all criminal oonstitutional liberties which have been found, matters is given to the Superior Court. In or- by the test of time, to be for the best interest der to lighten the load of the Superior Court in of all the people, is the rankest despotism. By oounties having larger populations, oity or ~ consideration of those factors may the view- oounty oourts have been oreated and given juris- point of the individual be preserved. diotion to try misdemeanor oases. The last interest which must be oonsidered For the oorreotion of errors committed in in any given criminal legislation is the praoti- the trial oourts, an appeal lies to the Court of oability of enforcement. In other words, the Appeals and to the Supreme Court. The Supreme question must be answered, "Will the situation Court has retained appellate jurisdiotion in all to be created by the practical administration of oases of oonviotions of a oapital offense, while the law be oonsistent with the best funotioning the Court of Appeals has been given appellate of the state's maohinery as a whole, granting jurisdiotion in other criminal mat ters. (1) that it has met with the two requirements re- 1011owing the oommission of a orime, an ferred to above?' A regulation may ~e perfeotly arrest is made whioh is the first physioal hap- sound in theory but unsound in praotioe, be- pening in the progress of a oriminal oase. In oause the good it may acoomplish may be insig- the normal oourse of events, an arrest is pre- nificant in oomparison to the great amount of oeded by the issuance of a oriminal warrant by investigation required of the solioitor in pre- a judge of the superior oourt, oounty oourt, paring and oarrying forward a proseoution. justice of the peaoe, or similar judioial 'offi- LikeWise, the indireot harm it may do to appar- oer.IZl A necessa1'7 step pursuant to the issuanoe ently unrelated interests of the people, may of a warrant is the sworn allegation by any render it impraotioal to oarry out. Again, while small good in one direotion may be aooomplished, person that a crime has been oommitted by a partioular individual.~ The warrant is then served it may clutter up the works of the court with by a sheriff or constable~'and the person named litigation to suoh an extent that the whole system may be disrupted. Thus must all these requirements be met and (1) Secs. 2-3000;2-3009 ibid. (1) Sec. 27-102 ibid. (:3) Secs. 27-103;27-104 ibid. ~) Secs. 27-105;27-209 ibid. - 4- therein is_arre$ted by that officer and carried before a committing _ (1) magist~~te. An arrest may also be made by a private citizen without a warrant when an offense is committed in his presence, or whsn a felony has been committed and it comes to his immediate knowledge and the felon is attempting to escap~~ When this occurs, it is the duty of the arrest- ing citizen to immediately turn the person he has arrested over to the nearest officer author- ized to issue warrants. (3) The case then progresses to a commitment hearing~) The person named in the warrant may waive commitment and have the case carried di- 1 rectly to a trial court 5 ) b u t in the event he does not waive commitment, he is carried before a committing magistrate who will inquire into the circumstances and evidence touching the matter as soon as is practicable~ The rule of decision in a magistrate's court is the rule of probable suspicion~?) In other words, if, after having heard the evidence, the committing magls- trate feels that there is reasonable grounds of suspicion that the person before him has com- mitted the crime charged, or another crime, it is his duty to bind the person so charged over to a court having jurisdiction of the offense~) Following the commitment hearing or its waiver, a person charged with crime can be released from jail by tendering bail;~ The amount of this bail is assessed by any jUdicial officer and approved by the sheriff:~ Bail for capital felony cases is a matter of discretion on the part of the judge of the Superior Court }11) When the offense is a misdemeanor, the de- fendant may be charged by the prosecuting of- ficer of the court on an accusRtion without in- dictment by the grand jury.(1') It the offense charged is a felony, the person so charged is bound over to the grand jury for consideration at its next meeting~~ If the grand jury finds insufficient evidence for trial, it returns a "no bill' and the defendant is discharged. Two 'no bills' form a permanent bar to further prosecution for that offense~~ When sufficient evidence for trial is present, a 'true bill of indictment' - the formal charge of the State against the accused - is returned to the Superior Court. While the normal method of bringing a case before the grand jury is by way of a warrant and commitment, the grand jury is authorized to return a presentment on its own initiative which charges a defendant with having committed a crime~~ Such a presentment by the grand jUry has the same force and is treated as an indictment~~ When a true bill is returned by the grand jury, the case is immediately docketed by the clerk of the court~) In city courts, when the accusation is signed by the prosecuting office~~ the case is placed on the docket. The county in Which a case is tried - the venue of a case - is determined by the place where the crime was committed~q) If, for any reason, the defendant feels that it is impossible for him to obtain a fair trial in that county, he may make a motion for a change in venue, which motion is heard by the court and decision made on the basis of evidenoe presented(~) If the motion is granted, the case is transferred to another oounty and proceeds from there; if the motion is denied, the oase proceeds in the county Where it originated~fj This motion can be made in open court after an indictment has been (1) Sec. 27-208 ibid. (2) Sec. 27-211 ibid; 109 Ga. 518. 521. ~ Sec. 27-212 Ga. Code 1933. ~ Sec. 27-401 ibid. (~ Sees. 27-419;27-420 ibid. ~) Sees. 27-208;27-210 ibid. (1) Sec. 27-407 ibid. ~ Sees. 27-407;27-408 ibid. ~ Soc. 27-418 ibid. \0) Sec. 27-801 ibid. QI) Sec. 27-901 ibid. (IZ) 124 Ga. 30; p. 117 .A.cts. 1935. Q3) Sec. 27-407 Ga. Code 1933. ~4) Sec. 27-702 ibid. 0-5) Sec. 59-304 1bid. ~ Sec. 27-703 ibid; 73 Ga. 205. ~~ Sec. 24-2714 Ga. Code 1933. (18) 63 Ga. 168 (2). ~~ Sec. 27-1101 Ga. Code 1933. (~Sec. 27-1201 ibid. ('21) Sees. 27-1201;27-1202 ibid. - 5- returned, and,Js. ~n17 one of a large group of motions whioh may 1>e made onEJ:"0per grounds. If the defendant, exoept one aocused of a capital offense, feels that his trial is being unreasonably delayed, he may file a formal -demand for trial.n~ This demand is entered on the minutes of the oourt, and the defendant must be tried at the term during which the demand is tiled, or at the next sucoeeding term, provided there are jurorsimpan~lled qualified to try the oase at both terms.(~l If he is not tried at either term, he is automatioally acquitted and must be released from jail, or disoharged if on bond. 1.3) If the defendant feels that there is some irregularity in the indictment itself, which makes the indiotment void, he may file a form of pleading known as a "demurrer."w A demurrer, in effect, states that, admitting all the allegations of the indictment to be true, no orime is charged against the defendant~Ol This pleading is heard by the court and deoided aooording to the law of the case!b) The court may sustain or overrule a demurrer. In the former event, another indictment may be obtained where the defect i. one of form; but if the defect is fatal, it ends this prosecution. When the court over-rules a demurrer, the case proceeds to trial. The defendant may make a motion "t~ quash" an indictment, which, if granted, ends the proseoution. There .re other special pleas and motions which may be made, such as the -plea of former jeopardy" which alleges that the defendant has been tried before for the same offens~~ These ~t1ons are usually madebefore the arraignment, which consistsin call1ng the defendant before the bar and demanding how he shall plead. H1s plea is entered on the minutes as III Sec. 27-1901 ibid. ('Zl ibid. (3l ibid. ~) Sec. 27-1501 ibid. (51 9 Ga. App. 537 (2). I6l 61 Ga. 636. ~) Sec. 2-108 Ga. Code 1933; 153 Ga. 119. (1). either -guilty" or "not guilty."~ Assuming in a particular case that John Doe has been arrested on a warrant, arraigned, and had any motions which he may have filed overruled, his case is now ready for trial. If his plea has been "guilty", then he is called before the judge who listens to a statement of all the circumstanoes of the case and gives the prisoner the sentence that seems best in his discretion, within the limits provided by statute. ~) Where the plea has been "not guilty", the procedure in the Superior Court is slightly different from that of the city court, since 1n many of the latter, exoept when the defendant makes a demand for a jury trial, the case is tried before the jUdge, whereas in the Superior Court, the defendant is given a jury trial unless he expressly waives it. Announcement by the state of its readiness to proceed is usually the initial aotion in the trial of a case in the (lJ) Superior Court. This step is followed by a similar announoement on the part of the defendant' After the jury is seleoted by the oombined efforts of the defendant, the solicitor general, and the oourt, the state opens the proseoution by the introduction of eVidence.~~ At the olose of the evidenoe for the state, the defendant may make a motion for a direoted verdict~~ If the oourt feels that the state has produoed no evidenoe whioh could be considered by a jury toward the conviction of the defendant, the oourt may direot the jury to return a verdict of "not guilty" and the trial is ended there;~) If, on the other hand, the oourt sees fit to over-rule such a motion, the defendant proceeds to introduce his evidence. After the evidenoe is in, arguments are presented by the defendant and by the state. The oourt then 1n- (~ Sec 27-1404;27-1405 Ga. Code 1933. (9) Sec 27-2503;27-1404 ibid. (IQ Sec. 27-1902 ibid. (11) ibid. (l'2l Secs. 59-809;59-704 ibid. (13/ 11 Ga .A.pp. 15; 19. (}.4)ibid. - 6- struots th&.Jur.y~1) !he Jury retires and makes up its verdiot '~hioh it l~~r presents in open oourt~l In the event the verdiot is -not guilty, the defendant is thereby aoquitted forever on that oharge~ and the oase is ended, sinoe the state has no right to appeal:4-l If the verdiot is -guilty-, the Jury has oertain prerogatives regarding the sentenoe whioh vary with the grade of the orime. In a oapital oase, the Jury may return a verdiot of guilty with a reoommendation for meroy, in whioh event the reoommendation is mandatory upon the oourt, and the oourt must sentenoe the defendant to life imprisonment~l The Jury is authorized to fix the sentenoe for the defendant within the limits presoribed by statute for felonies of less than oapital grade~ or it may in oertain oases reoommend that the defendant reoeive a misdemeanor sentenoe~) This latter reoommendation is not mandatory upon the oourt and may be disregarded if the oourt sees fit:~) The jury will simply return a verdiot of guilty in misdemeanor oases ,<9) Assuming that John Doe has been oonvioted by feels that there are sUffioient grounds, he may grant the defendant a new trial and the oase begins again with the arraignmentl;4l In the event the motion for a new trial is over-ruled, the defendant may file a bill of exoeption~~) alleging oertain grounds of error that he feels have been made in over-ruling his motion for a new trial~) This bill of exoeptions, together with a brief of the evidenoe and other formal pleading reqUired by law, are transmitted to the appellate oourt~V Here the oase is then oonsidered and either affirmed or reversed, depending upon the view that oourt may take as to whether or not an error has been oommitted in the lower oourt:~ If the oase is affirmed by the appellate oour~, the defendant is re-sentenoed and starts serving his senten oe under the supervision of the Prison Commission~~ In oases Where the lower oourt is reversed, the type of error determines whether the defendant is aoquitted and released or the oase remanded for a new trial(~) The lower oourt is reversed and the defendant freed in those oases where the error made was direotly responsible a Jury and feels that an error of law has been made and that he should not have been oonvioted, (lD) he may appeal the oase to the appellate oourts. The first step in this direotion is usually the filing of a motion for a new trial~m at whioh for the oonviotion. If, on the other hand, it may have been possible for the defendant to have been oonvioted, even had the error not been made, the case is remanded to the lower oourt for a new trial.(1.1) time John Doe may, in oases not oapital, tender a bond in an amount fixed by the oourt to stay exeoution of the oourt's sentenoe. If the bond is aooepted, he will be released from jail pending the outoome of hie appeal.U~ In the oity and other oourts having Jurisdiotion of misdemeanor oases, the proseouting offioers are authorized by law to sign an aoousation without oarrying the defendant before the grand jury(;2) During the trial of a oase in A motion for a new trial is given a hearing by the JUdge.~ On the hearing, if the judge the oity oourt, the same motions, et oetera, are open to a defendant as have been heretofore set (~Sec. 81-1101 Ga. Code 1933; 5 Ga. 441. (2). (2) Sec. 27-2301 Ga. Code 1933. (3) 38 Ga. 187. (4) Secs. 2-108;70-201 Ga. COde 1933. (5) Sec. 27-2302 ibid. (oJ Sec. 27-2502 ibid. (1) Sec. 27-2501 ibid. (e) ibid. (9) Sec. 27-2301 ibid. (Wl Secs. 2-3005;2-3009 ibid. (m Sec. 70-301 ibid; 134 Ga. 475. (1). (12) Sec. 6-1006 Ga. Cods 1933. (1"3) Secs. 70-301 ;70-303 ibid. out in the Superior Court. The great bulk of the business before the oity oourt is tried by a (l4)s"c. 70-401 ibid. U5) Sec. 6-901 ibid. ~ ibid. ~) Sec. 6-1001 ibid. (16) Secs. 2-3005:2-3009 ibid. (lQ) Secs. 27-2504;27-2605:6-1804 ibid. (11: Sec. 70-402 ibid; 61 Ga. 529. ltl) Sec. 6-1610 Ga. Code 1933. (22)63 Ga. 168 (2); 119 Ga. 120 (2). - 7- JUdge withoutc a.Jury, but it the detendant wishes to have a~ury trial,_'F-e may demand one and the court mugt provide a Jury~l In the event ot a conviction in a city oourt, " he detendant may appeal to the Superior Court on a ~~ Qf ~~~~!Qrari(~) or tor cases tried in city courts where provision tor such appeal is made, he may ------~-----------_.- ...~._._--~..~~ .. (1) Sec. 2-4501 Ga. Code 1933. (Z) Sec. 19-203 ibid. take his case on a bill ot exceptions to the Court ot Appeals. If, on the appeal to the Superior Court, the deoision ot the city court is aftirmed, the detendant may then go to the Court ot Appeals on bill ot exoeptions, where the case is treated in exactly the same manner as has been heretofore desoribed tor the Superior Courtpl (3) Sec. 2-3009 ibid. r;n; - 8- . Chapter n LAW ENFORCEMENT THE SOVEREIGN'S PEACE: After a crime has been ot this family urged upon high and low the use committed, the court does not enter into the of the king's peace in preference to the feudal picture until an arrest has been made. So sssentia1 is the arm of the court oharged with lord's peace or the peaoe of the individual yeoman5Z) oapturing violators of the law that the oourts In the time of the later Saxon kings, there are never completely satisfaotory when this de- had appeared in each region, shire, or county, a partment fails to funotion properly. This dis- sheriff who was given full authority to execute cussion of the law enforoement system of Georgia the orders of the king. He was more than merely presents both the historical background and the the local officer of the king, with authority to relationship of the system to the oourts. collect the king's rent and feudal dues; he was Developing society has subjeoted criminal given complete authority to keep the king's for- law and its enforcement to great changes. The est inViolate. and to see that great and small 'ancient codifications of these laws show that lived up to their feudal obligations to the the criminal committed his crime against persons kingJ3) The sheriff, by the time of King Henry rather than against the state, and the serious- the Second, seems to have systematically dis- ness of the crime depended upon the sooial rank placed the earls and dukes in their functions as of the person wronged.(J.) It was not until the local officers. Henry the Second's immediate beginnings of the medieval times that a wrong- sucoessors used this officer to greater advan- doer committed an offense against the sovereign tage, increased his powers, and made him an in- or etate rather than against the individual. dividual feared and hated by the local barons With the development of feudalism, the idea that less powerful than he. No doubt the aggressive a person had certain set rights regarding fight- use of the sheriff'S powers by the king was one ing, thefts, disturbances in hib house or on his of the grievances which caused that memorable property, was firmly fixed in the minds of the assembly at Runnymede, which secured the Great people. These rights were loosely termed "the Charter from King John. peace", and disturbing a personis peaoe was a Edward III defined the sheriff'S powers, cause for legal action. In the case of persons and at the same time established a system where- of rank, their peace was oo-extensive with their by the abuses of the sheriff'S powers could be lordship. The sovereign's peace was, therefore, ourbed. It was under this great law giver that the most important in the realm. With the development of royal highways, for- the office of the Justice of the Peace was estabUshed~4) When originally estabUshed, this ests, and other conveniences for the use of the office seems to have been an extension of some country at large, offenses committed in the vi- earlier plan whioh was not wholly incorporated cinity of any of these became an offens.e against into royal writ. the king's peace. The early Plantagenet kings Another Officer, who, as a conservator ot consolidated the realm more thoroughly than it had been in the past, and the vigorous members (1) p. 192. Vol. I. New American Edition. Reeve's "History of English Law from the Time of the Romans to the Reign of Elizabeth". by". Finlason Esq., 14. I4urphy. Philadelphia. 1880. (2) p. 45, Vol. I. 2nd Edition, "The History of English L...... POllock and Maitland, Cambridge University Press; Cambridge, 1911. (3) p. 221. Vol. II. 'Constitutional History of England". fi11iam Stub. McMillan &0 Co" London. 1875. (~ p. 2, Cap. II. Vol. II. 15 Edward III: 'The Statutes at Large". Danb;y Pickerin; 44.3 79.9 49.3 25.3 21.1 29.0 40.0 26.6 41.9 72.2 77.1 79.2 37.8 56.0 31.8 20.9 39.6 50.8 46.9 63.6 64.7 51.0 62.3 62.7 42.9 24.6 16.9 13.0 19.9 66.0 34.9 49.6 64.4 66.0 32.0 43.4 44.9 61.6 69.4 61.7 50.8 44.6 41.8 63.8 39.0 47.4 64.1 59.S 840 4: 29.3 66.5 49 40 8 1 295 47 15 -12 -205 9 7 26 146 983 376 532 6 17 52 41 46 639 44 153 21 1 3 34 -5 2-8 85 1 236 6 17 5 31 -4 4 -358 -2 262 14 9 1 80 78 46 32 22 1,479 149 10 7 1,313 963 4 -8 12 3 4'7 828 17 2 9 4 21 4 3 1 2.4 2.3 4.2 1.0 2.3 1.4 2.2 -.7 -4.6 1.1 2.5 .7 2.5 9.4 6.7 21.5 .5 4.0 7.6 1.7 .6 2.3 1.5 2.4 7.4 .3 2.7 \ 1.7 -1.5 -.8 1.2 .7 6.1 4.2 4.5 .9 3.9 -.1 .2 - 11.1 -.6 16.9 8.0 6.6 14.2 39.2 1.3 1.8 1.0 .9 4.0 3.2 2.9 1.0 4.2 3.9 2.2 -5.2 6.7 2.4 1.3 4.4 2.8 1.9 2.4 5.1 9.9 12.6 6.2 .6 1,141 1,037 71 33 6,305 1,793 479 1,133 11 1,699 546 533 111 2,490 1,577 2,738 1,134 799 451 150 204 1,459 5,647 14,242 1,156 3,871 131 178 18 859 242 86 2,223 29 4,170 82 772 20 58 347 280 2,181 1,060 1,121 954 243 181 98 295 66 46 3 32 4,290 1,808 2,482 972 16,406 1,810 133 299 14,164 11,159 79 66 10 71 46 1,690 8,668 146 53 163 21 52 1 28 75 56.3 59.7 37.2 33.7 49.4 54.1 69.7 62.8 57.9 38.4 39.2 64.5 39.2 68.5 27.1 26.1 20.2 32.3 36.0 34.7 29.7 59.8 68.13 51.2 40.0 61.9 46.5 51.9 16.5 43.9 70.3 78.9 62.8 58.0 61.2 55.4 19.9 13.9 15.3 60.6 35.2 67.9 79.1 59.8 29.2 53.1 45.9 35.3 18.6 31.7 28.6 42.9 15.7 73.6 70.2 76.1 41.9 44.2 39.4 37.9 42.8 46.0 46.3 44.4 36.1 31.2 33.6 36.9 48.0 46.1 24.4 50.5 44.2 26.9 24.5 3.1 48.3 40.8 206 10.2 191 11.0 11 5.7 4 4'.0 1,481 387 63 476 7 -457 62 29 11.6 11.7 9.2 26.4 36.8 - 10.3 7.5 10.2 148 4.1 28 .5 624 6.0 290 5.1 255 10.3 7 .5 48 11.1 24 305 112 4.6 199 2.4 2,317 16 1,034 39 12 1 99 -10 262 1 750 3 75 7 4 4 8.3 .6 . 16.5 13.13 3.5 .9 5.1 -2.9 7.4 2.0 11.0 2.0 I.e 4.8 1.0 .7 39 4.9 -8 8 -.2 .4 289 8.9 228 14 -6 42 484 387 97 26 6,286 359 17 9 6,901 1,833 15 11 3 19 14 216 1,442 54 9 22 3 -12 10 4 14.5 8.0 -3.2 20.6 8.3 16.0 3.0 1.2 16.9 7.8 4.8 1.2 18.8 7.4 8.5 7.1 9.4 9.0 10.9 6.1 7.7 9.0 8.6 6.0 3.9 -5.7 17.2 2.2 GRUD TOTAL 150,369 100.0 511,278 39.4 5,160 3.4 71,841 47.8 14,080 9.4 - 16 - The decrea~e ~n the number of persons admitted to the penitentiary cO~;lnues 1n the ages after age twenty~~ive. The downward ourve, however, begins to flatten out after age thirtyone. Even though the number of admissions for raoe, and sex of individuals detained on orime oharges was determined for 150,359 oases from the jail dookets in twen~y-seven counties. For these, the age trend is quite similar to that of persons sentenoed to the penitentiary, but FELONS ADMIT1"ED TO T\.IE GEORGIA STATE PENITENTI~qy eV AErES NO. OF PERSONS 1400 JANUARY 1.1926 TI-lROU&1-l DECEMBER. 31. \935 n 1'ZOO ~, LEG-E:ND. TOTAL _._._._._ WIlITE MALE 1000 800 600 400 '200 o 10 _______ NEGRO ~'''LE I \ ,... /\ ________._ WIlITE fEM"'LE ................... NeGRO FEMALE. \\ I ~/ I ( \ \ I \ ,; \ \ ,\,.... II r' '\ \\ ( ! I "'-...... '\ \ (i '....., \, , \~ I .I r If {\ i' '.' ......J'., .~ ,; li 1'.. b4- - V \ 'I '..... .'.'.>Ji."'\-~-,'."~ ~ > - ~ /.; ..... ............... ..~~- ...................... :: ........ "'. ............ '" " ~ '~ ......o-:::::::- .... 20 30 40 50 60 70 AGE IN YEARS SOURce: ReCORDS OF THE PRISON COMMISSION OF GeOR.&IA. CHART No. I NO. OF PERSONS I 400 1'200 1000 eoo - - 600 400 700 o 80 eaoh age is not so great for the ages after varies with each Cl'ime type and for each crime thirty, there were persons admitted after age within the type. Since the sheriff1s jail dook- eighty and one man was admitted after age nine- et is often completed by estimation rather than ty-eight. Chart I is an age ourve of those ad- exactness, all conolusions based on these data mitted to the penitentiary. must be oonsidered tentative and subject to Persons sent to the penitentiary are those change in the light of more accurate information whose guilt of a felonious orime has been prov- than was obtainable from the reoords used. Table ed, and oonstitute only a small portion of those IV lists the number of cases in each of eight before the oourts. Due to the fact that com- age groups. plete records of arrest are kept in only rare These figures add further weight to the con- cases and that many sheriffs do not keep a reo- clusion that orime is a youth problem. Crime, ord of the ages of those jailed, it was impossl- however, is an aggregate term and must be broken ble to assemble a oomplete picture of persons into types and individual crimes before it can coming before the oourts. However, the age, be fully analyzed or its full effeot upon the - 17 - E)U~IBIT I MONTH BY MONTH VAQIATION Of PEQSONS JAILED e,y CRIME OF WHICI" ACCUSED TWELVE COUNTIES OF 6EOIl.&IA JANUAP.Y I. 19'26, 1\.mOUG-1-l DECEMBED. 31, 1935 FROM JAIL DOCKETS OF TilE COUNTIES RECAP I TUlAT ION 15 MURDeR SNOOTIN& AT ANOTIlER ~--------------~,IS 12 1--------------------111'2 tZ9 lU V ~6 0- f--- _ ____~-- f - . _ .-~---i 9 ~ -p () 6 'z" -< 3 I II I I I I I I I I I I 3 0 MIIMJJASOND 11521,- - STAe.e.IN6 ~~ -------4 M loA J J A 5 o N o WifE &EATING ! - 0 FMAMJJASOND OPERATING- AUTO WllllE DIl.UNK 15 ---112 t- .Z:J 9 - I 9~ ~ n ~6 ~ 6~ -< 3 f-. . . . . .__~ I--- 3 MAM CARRYING- CONCEALED WEAPONS 15 l---~----_-~--- - - - - - I~ I-~--~--- 9 r-a---- ----- I--- V I ~d 6 i 3l I o I FMAMJJASoND BURGlA1>-Y 15 1'2 t- ~9 V ~6 0- 3 0 F M II M J .J A S O N D LMICENY OF fARM ANIMAlS 15 1'2 -- 3r- 9 u ~6 3 I- 0 M II M J A SON D MA M A SON 0 VAGRANCV I MAMJJASOND LARCENY OF AUTO MAMJJASoND LARCE NY FROM "OUSE M A ... J 18 - SON 0 M A M J J II S 0 N 0 1l.0&BERY ]15 - -.---~---- ~It ~ n'" 6 'z" -< 3 0 M II M J J A 5 0 N D SIMPLE LARCENY 15 1'2 ." 9 '-"p () 6~ -< 3 0 F to! A M J J A 5 0 N 0 LARCENY AFTER TRUST 15 1'2 -0 '"9 '" () 6 'z" -< 3 0 tot II M J J A 5 0 N D EH\I&IT I (CoNT'D) MONTH BY MONTH VAQIATION OF PERSONS JAILED 15 ; - - - - - --C-\.l-EA-T-IN-G---A-N-D--S-W-IN-D-L-IN-G-- -----, 12 ------- f- ~q v ~6 0. 3 o I1'---- ............__.... ~__..........L_ FMAMJ A'OND IhpE 15 , - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ~--- I fORG-ERY ------ FMAt.lJJASOND ASSAULT Willi lNTEN"'I "'10 RAPE BASTARDY - - - - - - - 15 c-- ----------- 17 ." P 9 ----- - - - - - - - () 6 mz -< 12 f - - - - - - - - - - _ _ . f - - - - - - - - - j ... z 9 Ha_----II--c=------=__.HI-------j tJ i .c.!. 6 0. 3 Ha_ Hl--la_ I----II--I__.---I i o ;---JIL...I,L...."LlA--.ML.lJL...IL..JA--.'LJO--.N. L....OL.-J 15 I I 1'2 t- .Z.. 9 u ~6 0. 3 ADULTERY AND fORNICIl.TION I I ! ----j I I II II II oI I t.lAt.lJ ASOND Ass AULT AND B"'n Etty tolAMJJASOND MANUFACTURE LIQUOR. MIl.MJJASOND f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - j 12 9;: p () 6x"' -4 '3 FMA MJ o A SON 0 sooio-eoonomic life of a locality oomprehended. Some orime types and some individual orimes thrive only under oertain oonditions, whereas others seem to be less oontingent upon the sooiologioal and eoonomic factors, and rest largely on community thought habits. Such seems the case with violations of the prohibition laws. In some counties this type of infraction of the law was not recognized as oriminal, and few or no oases were brought. On the other hand, in many counties, over 25 peroent of the cases were charges of this classification. Many crimes seem to have little or no relation to any of the above features or any other faotors, but appear in all oommunities more or less spontaneously. Murder and rape, as far as Georgia is concerned, - 19 - EXHI&IT :IT AGES OF PERSONS ACCUSED OF CRIME .- fly PER. CENTS JANUARY I, 1926, THROU&H DECEMBER. 31, 1935 FROM JAIL DOCKETS OF 27 G'EOR.&IA COUNTIES TOTAL AGE GROUP AGE GROUP UlIOER liD 2\ 2iD 31 % 41 OvER ToTO'TOlOTOTD [ I rt+n- - liD 20 25 :lO 35 40 4-5 4-5 50 I I- 40 I rTI ,CRI~MOMINICAIDLE- z i II I Ll 30 ~ 20 0- /1\ II f', 10 I) o J\.. 1\1If\ UNDtRl~ 2\ 210 31 3<0 4-1 OVER ~=" ' r 45 l~ ;O;;;~~;~ TT -I T+- -__ .. _CRlMINAL\k>MlCtDf MURDER. _ II f\ l - +i'r.... 17 f\11r\ 50 I- 40I z w U 30I ~ 20 0- 10 o I I I, I (R IMl NAl ASSAULT WITH INTENT TO MURDER f!\ .....\ -~K 50 40 ~ 30 oJ u 7.0 d w 0- 10 o CJ~11M1NnIAL ~AS~rUlT- POI NT ING P15TOL AT ANOT~ER 1\ il \ \ .. / \Vt\ t'lM1INAL1A$LLT SIMPLE 11\ ASSAULT ! II f- - ~ J i\ J t+=\ 0t-t-.. 50 ! ~Tr DISTCfPUl!lLIC PEACE 40 DRUNkENNESS I I 1.1 DISTOfPUl!lLIC lVa VAGRANCV t 30 uw cl 20 w 0- 10 o 50 40 II \ I/ / _.J-- l- 1\ !\~ ....... 1T1 RO&e>ERV I- Z w 30 u cl 20 w C- 10 0 1\ ~ r\~ r-.. 50 I LL,~, I 40 \ LARCENV fROM t- 30 z u'" 20 cl '" 10 Q.. 0 r PERSON II 1\ I 1\ V '1""--'J'.I... UNDER 16 21 2 4-1 OVER 16 10 10 10 TO 10 10 4-5 '20 25 :lO 35 40 45 A6E GROUP 11\ 1/ I"- -~ l/ \vr'\ r\ ,1\ iURL!v l '1'-..+-1-.... U,J LARCENVOFlIVESlOCK V]\ -I-- Vi' V ~ I i', t--+- UNDEIll~ 21 21i> 31 3G> 41 OVEll IGt .zo ;zs X> 35 ~ 45 45 AGE GROUP AGE GROUP UNDER ~ ~I ZiD 31 3iD 41 OvER 1(0 ; ~~ ;00;; ~ ~; 45 r-,- "r--rrTT-r CRIMINAL \-!OMICIDE VOLUNTARY r MANSLAOOIlTER f'-.. V [\../ \ I II I CUIMI NAl A.SSAULT STAaalNG i+IA ~f\ l- \ f-- J-- f--- ~i', /\ II! \ LlvJ, D'~DLY WHPONS It+- I J I\J : +_r- i'\ LT.l?u&~\Cf'El"cf - HeaolNG If \ i'-V\ I} \ /'... l~R~EN~ V r~ \ 1\ V 1\v f\ I L.lQC,INy I LARCENY AfTER TRUST 1"\ II f',r-... / \ IJ \ IJNDlR iii> ~I 25 3\ 3Ii> 41 Ov IGtlOT01t:l lOW10 45 'lb~5303Ii>404-5 AGE GROUP AGE GROUP UNOfR 110 ZI Z~ 31 .34 4-1 OVER I~ ~;~;~~ 4-5 ! l r r r ,- ---I CD.IMINA.LI-lOMICIOE -f-- f-- -- INVOLUNTARY _ MANSLAUG~TED. rI I 1\ I\ r' V\ ........ CLMLAlLllT ASSAULT G, flATTERY AGE GR.OUP UNDER I'- ZI ~ 31 3iD 4-\ OVER 1~ ~o;; 35 ~ l~ 45 TTT 50 CRIMINAL ASSAULT _ 40 "m 30 " /\ (") LO ~ / If "- --< I'-.. \ V r'\ 10 0 c11 MIJAL IJLT WIFE flEATIN6 50 40 -0 m ( f...- f-- \ "" - --,.~ f- 1--- f...- - \.v "-I'-... V "- 1\ J l\I-'\-.~ V r- - j 30 " (") m '20 3 10 0 IOP~RAJINGI AUTO WHILE DRUNk TTTI- 50 OISTun.&ANCE.S -I-- OFTj.lE PU&lIC PE:~E 40 t\ /' :1 1\ II '-~ \. V lJ "1\ \~ f...-,-i'\ 30 ri? ;0 20 ~ Z --l 10 :-r-.... 0 Lll~uLcpJACE - M~L1CIOUS 11\ MISCHIEF J\ I\ V \ .. J 50 DL PuJ,CPtLE OTHER. \ DISTUR.aAHCES \ 40 30 ;rl' ;0 I'... \ '20 Q z ~ 10 I f\../r-.. 0 IL'R~'Ntl LARCENY Of AUTO T1iT 50 lAIKENY LARCENY FROM 40 HOUSE -0 ~ \ f...-- .~ 1\ r\ 30 r;; (") 20 m Z ~ ./ l- '\.I- ....... '\ - - ~ ./ 10 0 I I L1RcL Il.AR~"..) 50 LARCENVOf C~ICk'NS /1\ \ V "V 1\ UNDER 1'- 1.1 '2tO 31 35 4/ Om~. '" ; ~ ;'35.~:; 45 A GE GROUP SIMPLE - 40 LARCENV 1\ II \ 30 -0 m 7.0 n'" / ' "- ~- m 10 ~ ..... 0 UNDEI2. \" 'l.l 'Z5 31 3(p 41 OVfR. I~ ; ~ ;; 35 .k, 4; 4-5 AGE GROU P - 20 - EXllIBI"T TI (C.::>N1'O) AGES OF PERSONS ~CCUSED OF CRIME [)v PEl< CENTS JANUARY 1,IQ'2G, THQOUG'1l DECEMBER 3\, 19'37 fROM lAI L DOCKETS QF '21 6'EORG'IA COUNTIES TOTAL AG-E G-I\.OUP UNDER 16 ~I '16 31 36 4-1 OVER 16 'Z~::S;,;.w;5 4.5 50 40 zt- 30 tU U aI. '20 tU ~ 10 0 l'RLI LARCEN~ OF COTTON /1\ II 1\ 11\ II V 1\ V \r-- -, ')0 LRLI 4-0 OTHER - t- LARCENY 11\ Z tU 30 U "'- 20 -lL tU 10 J~ f- - f- -f- 0 J'...r-- Vr\ 50 ~EX 2RIJE 40 t- Z tU u 30 aI. 70 II 1\ tU ~ I 10 I II 0 I'. :...... i" f-t", 50 -- -- TT-T I I I 40 SE.X CRIME PuBLIC INDfCENCY t- Z tU 30 V "'- 20 tU 0- 10 o 11\ II 1\ ......'t\ V \-.V 1\ 50 I II 4-0 VIOLA110N 1010TOO (~ 'JEHla.eLAW I\ , 10 / 1/ "- ~ r'\ o 50 I I I v L 40 OTHER V,OLATIONS tZ 30 tU V /~ I 't"U 20 0. I /'.-- 10 I 1/ o \ It\ "\ UNDER 16 ~I 26 31 :;. 4-1 OVER 16 Wis 30 35 40 45 45 A0E GROUo A G- E G-I\.OU P UNDER 16 'II '16 31 36 4-1 OVER 16 ;'~S~;S~45 45 AGE (rI\.OUP UNDER Ib '11 'lb 31 :;b 4-1 OvER. 16 ~;~;404545 IL.J,.! LARCENY fROM AtrrO L1ARClN) AT1'EMPTED- l.ARcENV V" 1\ VI , + I'-- \ f- ,...,"'\ /"1\ 1\ "[\.V r\ I II FoRe-ERY II II NON-SUPPORT [,-1\ II ~ l/ 1"-Vi\ [,E ~ V I't-V1\ I 1I SEXC~IMt SODOMY", ~EA5TIAL1W t,LJ" 1['\ V 1\ 1'-.. /V V \ 1'\. 1/ 1\ I' V 1\V1\ I 1I VIOLA1'ION PIlDIUBITIOh LAWS I v.LI POSSfSSION OF LIQUOR. , /1\ /' \ / ...... V \ I\ -\ / \ V r--.. A~SO~ ~ \ , V t- V \ w45 UNDlR 16 21 26 31 :;6 4-1 Ovf.R 16 .zo;.30;'5 45 AGE GR.OUP &llAM~ 1\ \ -1\ ./ [\.. .... i " UHDU 16 ~I ~6 31 36 41 OVER 16 10 -2~;:' 35 40 ~ 45 AG-E G'ROUP AGE G-"OUP UNDER 16 11 2b 31 :;b 41 OVEII. 16 10; 30;; 40;; 45 ! L1Qc~NY I CHEA1'IIlGol.SWINDLING , 1\ II ~ AG-E G'I\.OUP W; UNDElI.lb 'II ~b 31 'b 4-1 oveR. lb 3~.3; ~X; 45 50 L!RCLI 4 0 OEFRAUOINC>- /"1\ teA-A.O BIL.L II \ \ "rn 30 n'" rn 20 z -I V V \V1\ I '! ' 10 0 t- 1\ I fT- NoN-SurPOR1 f'>ASTA.RDV e-e- 1/ i 'l -I'-.. ISE!CRL I SEDUCTION - 1\ I 1\ j\ r-~AMLN~ LOnERY II 1\ I~ V 1\(11\ ~oNLl" 1 EJO AeANDOHtoIENT 40 ,/r--. II I' V i\V \ ~ m 30 7" () m 20 Z -I 10 0 1 50 -r--t-++ I I ' SEX CRIME ADUL1'ERV G.. 40 FORNICATION I "<) [.._- / 1\ 1 I~ I , !/ m 30 7" ("\ 20 m Z -I 1"I' 10 l '1-t-.... 0 50 I",.LL,I 1/ 1\ \ 40 OTHER1YPES - OFG'AM~lING -0 ." 30 7' n m 20 :z ---< Y V 1\ f'-t..... 1\ 10 o 11 \ I\ / .V.1.P. .l. 1 SALE OF LIQUOR r---/ \ PE~U~ 11\ / r-f\ V ......V \ UNDER 16 11 26 31 :36 4-1 OVER 16 -2025;' ~ 40 45 45 AGE G-R.OU P I J.P.LI, I MANUFAC1'URE LIQUOR 50 40 -0 30 ~ I'\. -....... II \V \ / ("\ 20 ~ -I 10 o ~'O~IHl 50 40 f\, -0 30 ~ n m \ 20 ~ 10 r - I'-- t - - / " o UNDER 16 'II 16 31 3641 OVf.R. 16 ~o;;o3540J5 45 A G- E GR.OUP - 21 - II EXI-lIIIIT (CONTD) AG-ES OF PEQSONS ACCUSED OF CQIME By PER CENTS JANUARY I, 1926 TI-lROUc:rH DECEM5Ell. 31, 1935 fQOM JA' L DOCKETS OF ?7 crEORG-1 A COUNTIES A G- E GROUP UWDU '" '11 '16 3\ 36 41 OVER 16 45 TO TO TO TO TO "n> 1015:30354045 50 40 I FLo~v t- Z 30 w u I d. 10 w c. I 10 oI 1\ \ 1---V 1'\ UNOE. 16 '1.1 '16 31 36 4/ OVER +5 16 TO om TO W TO TO V'15:30~~~ AErE 6-ROU P A G-E GR.OUP UNDEQ 16 '2.1 16:31 36 4-l OVER. 16 TO TO TO Tl> 1"" To 4-5 W '15 30 35 4lS't. OF Pu&U( l'EAa Hor.OING- Ii w 30 0- 70 \0 0 /1\ J 1'.v~ V \ 4r;.;; UNDERI6 21 'Zf>:31 36 41 OVER 16 ;';6;'; 45 A&E GR.OUP AG-E GROUP UNDER 16 '21 '26 ~I 36 41 OVE' 16 TO TO 10 TO '10 TO 45 '20'25~3540'" I I .1 I ca,MtNl'l UOMlC1OE MURDER 1/ \ ) I" I"\. II l\- t...... ~\~l~~l ~S5AU~! MSAUL1 &.I!oATTERV 1'1\ \ I ,/ -\'..-r-... 'opillA~N& I AUTO - WHILE DRUNk /'r'\ I I'.~ V \ "..... ~'''~...~'''';,. IIlLiCIOUS MISC...IEF [\ i\ IJ 1\ LJ \ UNO" 16 '21 '26 ~I :36 41 OVER It; ; ; ~;s~z, 46 AGE GR.OUP WHITE M~LE A&E ErR.OUP UNbER 16 '21 26 31 36 ~I OVER IE. TO TO TO TO TO TO 45 10'2530354045 1 dRIMIN1L ASSAULT II '\ I 1\1-- V 1"-v I"- OI.l~'NA!A$JUlT WIFE I'>.ATIN6- 1/1\ / 1\ Ij 'ro- t-.... DI~UIR&~NC~ OF THE - PU&l.IC PEACE I 1\ II I\. 1I \ to-I-e.. DIST. Of PuPtLlC I'w OTHER DISTUIl.&AHCES 1\ ~ 1\ v UNDER 16 '2.1 '26 3/ 36 41 OVER 16 TO 10 'to 10 TO 1t 45 W25:30354045 AGE GROUP A&E GROUP UNDER 16 '21 26 31 :36 41 OVER 16 TO 10 TOW 'TO TO 45 'lO2530354045 '("M',",,''".!.1 WIT H INTENTTO MURDER /[\ I J-~ V 1'\V 1\ ~""'~ 1SSAU~T , PotNTI... P,STOL I'\. ~T ANOTHER. 1\ \ Ij "r---. IIII OIST.Of\lU&lKI'f-'Cf DRUNKENNESS - :"\. r\ I\.. l/ r\ J~~R)- I..... "'\ J\ V I' ~I"- UNDER '6 '21 '26 :31 36 41 OV 41 OVER 16 'ZO '25 ; , ~~ 45 A 31 3.. 41 OYER 16 TCITOTOTOTOTO 4.5 'ill '25 ~ 3!'} 40 45 AcrE &RO UP A 6E GROUP UNDER. 16 21 '26 3,1 36 41 OVER ' b m w TOW 10 TO 45 '20 25 30 36 40 45 I-ITT LARCENY LARCENY F""'" PERSON i'. \ \ TTl- C~e:.~~~~~- AcrE GROUP UNDE.R 16 '2\ '1.6 3\ '36 41 O\lf.R 1610'" TO TO TOTO 45 '20 ~ 303540 45 ILLlv I1_ 60 L.Il.CENYOOF - 50 liVESTO(~ 40 ~ >f--- \ Ir-1\ ;0 30 n m Z 'LO -I 10 0 - I rTl &oJ D~::~:I~tT 50 SWINDLING I &O~RO BBIiLlLl III I,' 40 ." m ;0 11\ I II l"--t"'- IilI 30 n m z 20 -I V 1\f-""['\ JVl ! l lj\',I'"...-. /0 0 60 I N;NSJ",,,! i 50 AbANDONME NT I 40 ." m 30 n'" V- r\ 'z" 20 -I I' II "1/ I 10 N ./ 0 -~-- ~ITTTT --I-- - ~ SexCRIME. SEDUCTION -p-T1Tl 60 $EJ(CRIMf ADUl1fRY &. 50 1\ \ Il \ r-.. ~ 1\ FORNICATION VI\ I II II , 1'--.. 40." m ;0 ~O n m '20 ~ 10 0 ITT I I 11 60 - 11\ ,II II 1\, 1/ , i J UAM6L11olC:r _ LoTTERY -l-I- I- - ~;;E:~~~ 50 OF (hMeLIN6 40." 1\ '";0 17 30 n m Z 7.0 -I I'..I-.... 1 1-- \0 0 ---~IT-~ r--.-----.-- - 1 I 1;- 60 ,r.. 1--I- II 1\ II V.P.L. SALE OF I liQUOR .-1--l - 5 0 MANUFACTURE lIQUiR - II"- 4- 40." m ;0 l- 30 n m I" '20 ~ 1/ \ .... UNDtR 16 21 Z" 31 % 41 O'ER \"T'OTOTOTDTOTO 45 W '2.530354045 A<3EOROUP V 1\ .......... 10 0 UNDER I~ 11 'l~ 31 30 41 OvER ltD TO 10 "TO 10 TO ,.0 45 '10 'l5 30 35 40 4S A G"E &ROU P - 24 - WHITE MALE (CONT'O) A &E ErR-OUP ACC,E 0-ll.OUP A0E 0ROUP A GE GROUP A0E 61l..OUP UNOER. \6 '?l '26 3i- 36 41 OVE:o. 16 45 TO TO TO To TD TO UNDER 16 1\ 1..6 '31 3b 4-, OvE.R 16 ,..., "TO 45 UNDER IE> 1.1 10 31 36 4\ OVER UWDEll, 16 1.1 '1" '31 3' -4-1 OveR 16 45 16 TO T" TO 46 UNOER If, '21 '2" '31 3& 4. OVER. \6 To Tt;> TO To To "'0 45 l-1fTS[fl 60 7.0 15 30 '35 40 45 50 ~ .. +---VI~T:r~~NS I '101530354.045 A II ARSON_ i '101'5'30~5404'j II 1\16~hIY '20'2.5'3035-4-045 J __ f-~'RIJUR~ I' '10 15 30 35 40 43 iTT 60 fELONY _ 50 zf- u'" d iu "- ,. z nJ V d w C>. 4-0 ! rf 1 30 I i 7.0 \ i I 1 II \ I I I 10 ~ \lJ 0 1" 1\ 60 IIII 50 I MISDEMEANOR (eU.t.lKE.TCIlARcrt) 4-0 iI 30 I I Il!ll n fr\ ilL 7.0 )r- 10 I II 1\Vi I I 0 UNOElt 16 II '26 31 36 4-1 OVER 16 TO TO TO '1D ro TO 45 iI I I i\1 Y \ '- JIDL~'N~ 1\ I ~ Y\ I I r--. -...... 1 UNDER IE> '21 '26 31 36 41 OVER \6 TO To 10 TO To TO 45 \ -c--- \ " -\ ...... ~,oILA;'O~_ <'rAIoIE LAWS 11\ f- \ .... \ V " .... ~OR~eRJ - / 1\ \ , J II I' r\ I- _ i, lIi \ I\./ ./ t\ UNDfQ IE> '11 7.'- 31 36 4\ OvER " 16 10 TO "10 To TO "JD 4.5 UNOEIl 16 11 16 31 36 4.1 Ovm 16 TO "fl) To ll' TO TO 40 I \ .... -- f- -- II 1\ i I 11'...-i'.. ~'OT!N~,- i\ \ II 1\ -I ...... 1"-... UNDER. 16 11 16 31 36 41 OVER. It> "T<) TO To 10 TO TO 45 40 p'"" 30 n 70 "z' -< 10 0 60 50 40 ~ "/0' 30 n "z' 10 -< 10 0 7.0 15 30 35 40 45 10 "25 30 35 40 40 '2C'253035404-5 101.5.30:;54046 '20 15 30 35 40 45 A.crE on-oup AC,E61l.0UP AcrE 61l..ou P A 0e 61l.ou P AcrE G"ouP Ex IT H I BIT (CONT'O) AGES OF PERSONS ACCUSED OF CRIME p'y PER. CENTS JANUARY 1,19'26, HIROUcrH DECEMBER 31. Iq35 fR.OM JAIL DOCKETS OF 7.1 6"EOR0IA COUNTIES COLORED MALE AcrE GROUP UND~ ItO '2.1 U 3\ 36 4.1 OYER 16 TO TO TO TO TO' 4!l 50 1..0 1.5 30 35 40 45 lilT 4<) I I fz- CRIMIN~L J.lOM1CIDES - iu ! V 30 ! -j--- - d- I fI\ IU 70 I a- /1 1\ \ 10 il I'..!'... J 0 50 +0 t- Z nJ 30 u d. UJ 7.0 C>- 10 TTT C\l.IMINAL ASSAULT 5T~BIlIN'" V\ t"-- I " II f\Vi'\ I, CAD.QV1NEr i-+-++-+--j- DHDLY f- W~APONS Z w u d. w 7.0 C>- \0 10 1tI ... 'It> '20'253035'\045 A ErE Er RO UP AcrE GROUP UtJDER 16 '2.1 ~6 3\ 36 4\ OVEIl Ibrob"TOTOTO"1045 ?D15M354045 I II I CA,IMlN"l I-lOMICIDf MURDER II1\ II I'..~ / \V\ cRllmJAsJcr ASS~ULT & BATTERY /\ \ V [\. } \ I O~ERl~IJ ~UTO WHILE DRUNJ< / i\ II \- ~ \ Vt\ UNDER 16 '2.1 '26 31 ?>6 4\ OVED. 16 W""l'O TOW "fD TO "+5 W'25303!:l404!1 A ErE 01l.OUP AcrE 01l..OUP UNDER 16 'Z.t '2.6 31 36 41 OVER 16 TO TO TO lO TO TO 4-5 '2.O'25303!:)4045 II ! CRIMINAL ASSAULT J...- ~ II "- 1/ ' \ J f\ CP'IJIf '21 '26 3\ 36 41 OVEQ 10 TO TO TO TO TO TO 4-5 UWDf.ll. 16 11 '2.6 31 36 4\ OVEll 16 TO 10 'to 45 '20'2530:35 4a 45 ~nl~!NAlLs~lT '20 '25 30 35 40 45 50 lQ,t.lLlluJ WIT" IWTENT- 10 MURDER \ \ 'V \ \ .'\.......V 1/ SHOorIN"'~T- W ~NOTHER 30 '"""' "ITI Z 70 -< /I I.-...... 1\/ [\ 10 0 I I: t CRIt.lINAlA.SSAulT PoINTIN'" PJrrOL ~T ANOTHER /1\ "-"- / 1\Vi\ DI~T_ oJ Pu~~lC r~~l DRUN NNESI 1/ \ I \r-- I '\Vr\ UNDfR. It> '21 '26 31 ~ "" OVER 16 45 TO "10 TO TO 'to "flO '20 '25 30 35 40 45 A ErE 6R.OU P JRIM\LJs~J 50 SIMPLE - 4-0 ~ ASSlULT I 1\ 30 '"n"' 'z" 10 -1 I\ 1/ t\ ......[\.lJ 10 0 ITTT---- 50 DIST.OfPu&K.fEl\l VA6RANCY - 4-0 -0 '" 30 i" /\ n 70 "z-<' / \ \ t"--'\ 10 V 0 "'0 UNoOE.R 16 '21 '26 31 ;'6 41 OveR. 16 1'0 TO TO 1'0 TO 45 ?D'2.'j303!>40~ AcrE ErIl.OUP - 25 - n ExHla'T (CONT'D) AG'ES OF PERSONS ACCUSED OF CRIME By PER CeNTS JANtJARYI. IQ-ZG. T1-1ROU<7!-l DeCEMaER 31. I q35 fROU JAIL DOCKETS OF 7.7 G"EORErIA COUNTIES COlORED iAALE AfrE G-ROUP UNDU 16 11 16 31 36 41 QYfIl 16 .,,.. w no lI!J ltO 45 20 'Z5 :lO 35 40 45 50 III I D1ST,OfllllPueLlcrua 4-0 :fz- uw 30 a w 0. '20 \0 o 1-I0&0IN& II \ I \, V \ ./'\ A eE GROUP UNDER 16 11 1Go 31 36 4-l ~ 161l7."" .. lDTo4.5 II? 25 :lO 35 4C 45 f\ IIII \,)151. OfPU!>LIC!'EAa. \ MALICIOUS U'SfHIEf 1\ I I 1\ --I I A 6E oROUP UNDER I" '21 '2~ 31 3~ 41 OVER It. To TOTO TO 'to TO 45 10 15 :lO 35 40 4.5 TI I I DISlOfPU~llCrU.CE OTHER. DISTURWCES '" <7 E oROU P UNDER'" 11 16 31 ~ 41 OYER '~To~"''R>_TD45 '20 15 30 35 40 45 R~s~R.) /1\ II r\~ \ ,- , I\. lJ 1\1I1\ 11 Jh AG-E GROUP UNDER '" 11 1~ 31 3Go 4! OveR ',-r0T8TDTCI.,..,,.o45 J I n '202530354045 50 ~UR,",LARV ' i\ I~ II \ r-.... -. 4-0 30 "'""' (\ '20 .Z"..' 1-j-- 10 --I N N-" ........ 50 IL~EJV I L!RCL [ I I II L....O'CEN'( >:z 40 f-- - 1 I w I I U 30 C."! -{ I ! '20 \0 o /1) I , \. I I I W~ i\ 11 LARCE'lV FllOM ~ \lOUSE ~~ f--+-- ..- 1\ ~1Il\ LARCENY fROM I~ ~. \ f- f- PERSON ~ 1/ K~i\ "m 30 '("\ m Z '20 ... 10 o 50 >- 40 :z w U 30 r-- -[- I IIII L~RCENY .- LARCENV AFTfR TRUS1 C! W 0. '20 10 o 50 :..z.. 4-0 ~ 30 C! w 0. '20 10 o 50 .... 4-0 :z I1J U 30 r-- I /""\V /1\ ~ I I '\V \ -- .- j -~ - III LARcENY - OT"ER LARCENV \, "'1\ 't'-,...V1\ III Sex CRIME It-ITT~ ~-1-1 TTl r-,, f-- r--j- I L,A.l<:CENY LARCENY OF LA.RCEN'( I ..-1--- SIMPLE - I i / 1'\ ("leKENS LARCENY vI I' v II I i'l'\ ,J V ./ I V i\ I'P1\I7T\ I I -+--1 ~J.RJ 1TT1 NoN SUPPOIU /1'\. ........ I r'\ II 1.1 l\-I)1\ r\ i\ ~ III SEX CRIME !l.APE Ii TTTT SEx CRIME 1--+-+-+-+- ASSAULT wrm- INTENT TO IWE , [I[ LARCENY , ATTEMP1ED LAIU.ENY Ii T: T- I T I T T T T l~Q.CEN"" l 50 'r--CHEA1IN6&. -: 40 - rtT-ft:; -lS:I~Lrl~:-. ~ ! 30 11\.' 1\... 1\ I . I 1\I) II 1\ rI rI-+t:I:,:. . I , I!I , .-I 1 -I W ;;; Z~ I ' - 10 0 -t- rr;n 1"\ \1\1 NONSUPPORT &ASTARDV - f-+--i--+-.J rAN~TOANNT-~SOu~PTPMOERTNT1 j 50 +0 I !'--;I i, , -.J "", ' " ..-1i--'-+--t,I 30 "n I j ", z 20 .; ~'1I--+j--.-.+-- VI' 111 sex CRIM SEOUC11011- 10 0 rrn-T I I ! 50 I 11 ':';;;'- -' " - - 1 " fORNICATION 40 i "m 30 () IX I1J 0. '20 / i\ ,'-[\ 1/ 10 o ./ NJ \ 1\ t'--- J 1\ ~ ~" I '1) 1/ I~V ' ... N I 111\ T'FJTTl 1"'-. j\.. j...oo ~ m I Z '20 .; 10 50 f- 4-0 2 d30 IX w 0. '20 10 o I tLJ. I Pu&UC INDECETV 11\ . I\ I I t'---\ .-/V I'-Vr\ UNDER'" 11 1" 31 36 41 OVER 45 \(, 1'O"fO 10 TO "1l:I . . 1015303540"" AErE GROUP LL.! SoooMV& TTl iSAMWN& ,wr-lrmt __J_ I-- -j- e.EAS1IALl1Y f-- r-- '- Vf\ 1/ \ 1\ 11\ IJ I'V UNDER 16 11 'Z6 51 36 41 OVER 45 ' " To TO TO 'to TO To 101530354045 UNDER 1<> 21 '2" 31 36 '1-1 OVER \6 46 To"1t>Tc> W,., To 'lO 15 :lO 55 10 45 A&e GROUP A<7E G-ROU P 1/1\ III frAMbuN6 - LoTrEIl.V- I 1 ,.-0 30 "(\ m Z '20 .; J r'--~ V 1\lJN '* UNDER 1"- 21 '26 31 ,41 OVER UWDEQ I'" 7.1 '2(;, ~I .,,, +1 OVER 10 o It. TO'1'''_,.o,.01'''' 45 I" 45 TO TO ... To TO Too 10 25 30 3S 40 45 '20 '2.5 '30 3' 40 45 AErE G-1l.0UP A&E GROUP - 26 - COLORED MALE (CONT'O) AB.E GROUP A G-E G-ROUP AGEG-ROUP Ul.lDER.I~::..zl 'l 51 3" 4\ OVER UNDER. '" '21 U '31 '3(. ..., OVER UNDER I" '2.\ '2.4 '3\ 3C- 41 OVER, 45 '''' TO,,0107O 1'0 To lGo TO TO TO TO 'R> TD IGo ... 4-5 no 'TO TD "TO .... '2O'Z.5W35-t-045 '20 '25 ~ !6 4-0 45 '20'2530354045 50 I~~--'-T 40 I~--+-+ '-'---T-'-ffiIOLATION PROIU&ITION I LAWS ~'" 1.0 1---+--11,-+-,\1--1--+ 10 H-It-++--P"l.+-h I, ,.I~ VITl ~-~ ~ H- I J1/\ I\J~ It J PoSSESSION 'llitH! iT ~ Sill OF l 'I , OF LIQUOR iI i~ ,+I- -+I-' , ' II 1- I LIQUOR -I---+-+-+-I f', , OL....ol:.....J......J....-'-...l.-.l.-l.....-C....Jj 50 m" p 30 () m 10 Z -! 10 0 50 40 I- Z ~ 301--+-+-+-+--+--+-+.....,-+ '"~ 70 1--+--hfF--i'I.-'-'-+-+-+-+ 10 f-t--I1~+--t -~rt--+jr- o L....oI:.....J.,.....J.......l...-.l.-'--l.-l-... UNDi.1l: 16 '2.1 "'2.6.31 36 4.1 OVER 10 ~ ~ ~ 45 '20'15;;0354045 50 40 '0 m ;0 30 () m Z -! 1.0 \0 0 ;'5.w 45 Ul.lDEQ Ie;. 11 '2(;. 31 34> +1 OVER. 1" ~ ~ ;;0 4-5 A G-E GROUP AcrE GI 4-1 Ov!:R. UNDER 1'- '2.1 '2Go 31 3'- 41 OVER U~!>U.. leo 'Z.I ~ 31 3" 41 O'iER. ho ..... _ ,., TO 45 .... 'To 16 4S "1'0 TO ". ..,.. 1'1> 'TO I" 45 TO .... Tc> 'TD "QI To I" 45 TO "10 TO To 10 "TO I" 45 '10 W TO 'fD . . '10 '10"5:30354045 50 W'25:30 ~5 4045 1 II I CRIMIIII/l,LAss/l,uLT ~O '25 300;5 -W 45 !II CRIMINAL 70'2530304045 CR,LNAtIAssLn so bPElm:N6 I r 4-0 Z; tIL oj 30 +--t-+---+-+-+-+-+-+-i c! lU 0. 10 10 0 SO tJ"J.J,i" r, WITH INlENT- I ~~ROER_ I 1--r-..., !,, i 1\ W 1/ \~ r-- -- - I-- -- - ASSAULT - /1\. I ......v~ i ) \-k IIII DISIOFPul'>llCPtAc.f D~,~I,"",!:rl . L+__ ASSAULT G.. BATTERY I: "t"\. I 1\- f \ .... 1\ l~RC~NY AUTO - 40 'flI'ILE ORUNK 30 "m iJ 11\ / I i--'" ('l 20 m Z -! 10 V 1--...... o i i i I 50 lA.I'l.CfNY I- 4-0 OF THE - ORUNKENNESS '" --M Z V 30 ~ - I Pu&L:C PEACE d w 0- 7.0 I r1\ I I~ !\ r\ V~ 10 I 0i II \ "'- ...... ./ I- - VAGRANCY ! ~ II \ II 'i--'" J ~ fK J .....V i\ \-r'\ ;\ lAIlCENV fROM- 40 HOUSE 'Q m 30 iJ ('l m "\ \ 1.0 Z -I 10 i\ o IZ w U d W 0- 50 IL1.L I 40 CI'EATIIl&&~ I SWINDLING- 30 I I /\ \ 10 1\Ij V 10 r- \ 0 UNOEIt 16 '2.\ '2." 31 ~ 41 OVER. I SEl cd,." I AOULTERY II.. , FoR.NICATION 1\ ....-""'"1\ UNOER,lcP"Z1 '2'- '3\ ,,, 41 OIiER. IIII G..M&LING- I I 'I--' IJ I'... '2."" UNDER. lb '2.1 3& 41 OVEP.. -+- --- IIII VIOLATION PRO"I&ITIOl\ lAv/S iI I / ~V 1\ ,\ 1/ \'I i Ut.lDER. 10 '2.1 26, 31 36 4\ OVER. ,~'~E~EA~O~ 50 40 (&lJ,NKET CHA~) ,\ 30 \ ~I- \ 10 J ~o UNDER 16 '2.1 '26 "31 3(C,. 41 OVER. "0 m p () f1l Z -I +5 16 Tc:> TO TO Til' TO TO 11& TO TO TO Tel 'TO TO 45 16"AJ 111 "" 'I\> '11> TO> 45 \1& TO 1D Tc> TO TO TO 45 IG 1\:10 To 'to TO 'flO TO 45 we~e~45 W~~35~~ '102~~~e 7O_30H40e W.3O~~e A6'E G-ROUP AGE crRoUP A&E ErRouP AGE G-ROUP AerE G-ROUP - 27 - n EX~IBIT (CONTO) AGES OF PERSONS AccuseD OF CRIME By PER CENTS JANUARY I, 19'26, TI-lROUG'~ DECEMBER. '3\, \935 FROM lAI L DOC\(ETS OF '21 crEORG-I A COUNTIES COLOA.ED FEM"LE AcrE G-R.OUP A G-E crR.OUP A 6E crR.OU P AcrE GROUP AcrE GROUP UNDER 16 ,I 'Z" '1 ~" "'1 OVER UNDER 16 LI " . " 3. 41 OVER UNDfR" '11 1h '31 36 41 OVER UNDER" LI ~~ 31 ~ID 41 OVEIt UNO" I~ '21 1~ 31 3' 41 OVER 16 TO Tel TO -no- To To 45 If;, TO .... TDTOToTO 45 ItO 45 TO 'nO Tel TO or.. TO I'" To T"D ''It> T 1'0 45 till II: III!I~.L~. ~. 50 40 til ~ "1. i i i 30 .J 1 <>- '10 7.0 '2'3 :30 35 40 45 I I CRIMINAL !. ~.'~ , 4 I.. ~i.;O'MI.CIOES I 'll>'Z53035 40 .... I I i I I IA ! MURDER I! 10 o 1.6 I 1/ I f\ lJ I~ I f\-1"--... 'IO"Z5 303540 45 - TTl 10 ~5 30 35 40 45 I, !I '20 15 30 35 40 46 I 1 I I I 50 CRIMIN"L CRIMINAL "5SO\ULT Cfl.IMINM. Ass,I,uLT ASSAULT ~ 1 I i iI WITH INTENT- I TO MURDEr>. I /1\ I 1/1\ V 1\ SHOOTING IT--j 40 I""fTHER 1 30 I ~ t-- I" !\. I I\l 10 Ij i\Lt1\ 1/ !\.V r\ I V I" 10 l 't--. I 0 "mp () m Z -I 50 I I T1 ~O CRllJUNAl ASSAULT .... 40 "2til V 30 ol til <>- '10 10 o PoINTING P,STOL A.T ~NOTHER. II \ .r-.... _.. ~ rJ \ I~ 40 m" p 30 () m 10 Z ..; 50 ~ 40 til i-'~TTTTl - ~.- ~. 1 D\ST.Of PUI!lUCi'f.I.cE ~ t DRUNKENNESS f-l- I' .""'-'-~ I f- .1 I 1 I VA(jf).'I>l-lCY I I H-+-+-t-~f---+---1--+---1 I I m" V 30 .~ ~ - - - ~.. .._f- iJ c! til ! n. '10 ~+++---j"d--+-++- f-. ~-VVII 10 f-+-II-+++~ f- oI V !I >.- ~v J V \ I-1'. 50 1- !Z. 40 -TTTTl J I' LAUlCAE:N~Y~NfRF:OOMU til I ~OUSE I U 30 'ff-+---+- IWr\ 1\ \/ \ IIII LARCENY LARCENY AfTER TRUST Tr,Ty I SIMPLE LARCEN'I 1 1I Ii () m ?D Z -l 10 o IL.L,~y I 50 ' 4 0 CHEATlNG&~ '0 SWINDLING- m Ii p 30 n rI. n".' W \0 o """'''--L-J---l----'---'---'--'-..... __ ~ l.oL...L-L-L-'----'--'-.J.......J r..... V I- f- t\ \ I ->.-I - ~/[\ 50.--------.--~ ... 40 I I I I + "2- til fll\ U c! 30 ~ til a. II I 10 0 S~X I I ClRlIoI1e t~ -rTI:T SEx CR)"Mf ~ AOULTERY & - fOR.NICATION 7 1\ 1\ I) 1\ / \1/ \ ..... ~ -e- ....[.1 -r-... III GAM&L1N& m 1/ z: 10 -I / 1\ / \\J 10 o 1.!l50 lOTTERY 40 " m p 30 n I ~~ \ f--- II \L.-- ...... I rn A' 10 ..; V \~1'\ ,~r\ 10 o ... 2 v"' a til <>- 50 'T~1 III crAMaLit-lG- Tl-Tl~l 40 . OTHERl'fPes ~ f-~ VIOLATION . PIlOII\&lTlON OfuAMWIIG' LAWS Rrf-t~t. tt ti 30 f- +-+ I I I I I : I '10 Vii TI\ I\\. 1/1111\ 10 0 JL1JllllI 11 IW~ UNDER" "ZI "Z. ~I "" 41 0.... UNDER I~ LI "Z~ 31 3. 41 OVE'" -L-~I_- T Iy,p,l. T PoSSESSlON - TTl-I ~r--' - L_ ~'='~l~1 OF LIQUOR M!SDE~EkJ 50 40 t&LANKETQ.lAra::rE - I~ -+ /i\ ~ [) ~ \lWI,.. II .. l/ 1\ I\.V t \ 3 0 --~- r--~ " I" 1/I \ '10 1/ J....;' ,\I-1'. 10 UNOER I~ 1\ "'ll. 31 ~ 4\ OVER. UNOeR ltD '21 '26 31 ~ .4\ OveR. ~ UNDeR 16 '21 'Zh!ol 41 OVER. 0 "m p n m Z -l I" 'n' To TO To TO TO 4'5 1<;. TO TO 10 TO '"' T.. 45 ltD 'TO "to TO "TO 'Rl TO 45 10 '1tI TO '10 TO "1t> TO 45 16 45 10 "10 'TO' To TO TO Lo'2530354045 '101530354046 W 'Z5 '30 35 40 45 '10 '25 30 35 40 46 10'25 3035 4.() 46 A&E crP.OU r A G - e G-R.OUP AG-E GROUP A&E crp.ouP A&e G'R.OUP - 28 - Chapter N BAIL I)oNDs STATUTORY AND CONSTITUTIONAL PROVISIONS: Arter a person has been arrested or bound over to a trial court, he may be released from jail pend- ing his trial by giving approved bail to the proper officerYl Ba11 may be defined as that se- curity given upon which the accused is delivered "to another or others who becomes entitled to his custody, and responsible for his appearance when and where agreed in fulfillment of the pur- ('Zl pose of the arrest." Under such a plan, the ac- cused is not punished before conviction and his attendance upon court at the proper time and place is as s ur e d5 3 ) As a protection against arbi- trary requirements, provision is made in the Constitutions of the State and Nation that "ex- cessive bail shall not be required." (4) Under the Georgia law, the jUdicial officer before whom the case is brought for preliminary hearing sets the amount of the bail, except in capital and occasionally in misdemeanor case~~ Two factors determine what that amount shall be: The likelihood of the accused making an appear- ance at his trial, and the crime of which the person is accused~) The weight of this latter factor is so great that capital cases are bail- able only before a jUdge of the Superior Court, and the granting of bail in such cases is a (1) "matter of sound discretion." While in many states the size of bail bonds required for each specific crime is set by statute, no provision of this type exists in the Georgia law. The sheriff, as executive officer of the court, passes on the bail bond tendered by an accused, and is left to his own discretion in (1) Sec. 27-418 Ga. Code 1933. (2) p. 197, Vol. I, New Criminal Law Procedure, J. P. Bishop. E. W. Stephens Co., 1886. (3) 32 Ga. App. 339 (1). (4) Amendment to the Constitution cTf U. S., Par. IX; Sec. 1, Art. I. Constitution of Georgia. (5) Sees. 27-801;27-901 Ga. Code 1933. (6) 6 Corpus Juris. nl Sec. 27-901 Ga. Code 1933. determining the SUfficiency of bail bond suretiesl~s1nce there are no regulations in the Code which list their qualifications. If the accused feels that the amount is excessive or that the sheriff erred in refusing to accept the tendered bail, he may apply for a writ of habeas corpus the remedy open to all persons detained without proper authority. (9) In becoming surety on a bail bond, a person places at the disposal of the State a monetary guarantee for the appearance of the defendant at the trial. At any time before trial the surety has the privilege of releasing himself from this obligation by delivering the accused into the custody of the sheriff and requesting that he be released from his obligation~~ Anyone of the several sureties on the same bond has this privilege. If the accused personally appears at h1s trial, the obligat1on becomes null and void; but if he does not appear, the State moves for the forfeiture of the bond by issuing a Wl'it of scire facias - a demand for the sureties and defendant to appear in court and show cause why a judgment in the amount of the bond should not be entered against them}lI) After the defendant at bail fails to appear at his trial and the term has expired~l'Z)the court alone has the power of releasing a surety, although upon the trial of the scire facias or at any time before that date, if the sureties produce the body of the accused or show sufficient legal cause why he did not appear,(13) they may escape liability by paying all costs which have accrued. After the issuance of the writ of scire facias, the case becomes a civil suit between the State and the (6) Sec. 27-902 Ga. Code 1933. (9) 117 Ga. 305. ("1 Sec. 27-904 Ga. Code 1933. (tI) Sees. 27-905:27-906 ibid. ,I')Q~ Sec. 27-904 ibid. 112 Ga. 648. - 29 - sureties~)and if judgment is entered, the state may colleot this forfeiture in the manner that ': . \~ other JUdgments are oolleoted. TYPES OF BAIL BONDS: The aooused, on being faoed with the alternative of going to jailor being released on bail, often finds the latter preju- dioed by the amount of the bond and acceptabili- ty of sureties. He may give his own reoogni- zance, a cash bond, a surety oompany bond, or a bond signed by one or more individuals, whioh- ever is suffioient seourity in the eyes of the offioials aooepting the bail(.3) Where he gives his own recognizance, the accused becomes his own bail and guarantees that he will appear for trial by pledging his prope~ty in the amount of assessed bail. Such a bond can-be forfeited and JUdgment rendered against the accused in the same manner as for other bonds.~) He may also beoome his own bail by placing on deposit with the officer the amount of the bond in cash. This type of bond is an advantage to the State in that when final JUdgment is ren- dered, it is immediately collectible. General- ly, the officer assessing bail names the amount without specifying the type of oond acceptable. When this is done, friends of the accused often sign his bond as sureties. In such cases, each becomes individually subject to the conditions of this bail bond, and, therefore, liable for the payment of its face amount. The sad experi- enoe of many persons whose estates have been wrecked by defendants jumping bail have caused persons not thoroughly familiar with the work- ings of the court to be hesitant about becoming sureties. In oities, it is often difficult for an acoused to find friends willing to go his bail, and this faot has given rise in those areas to a speoifio type of bondsman who makes a profession of becoming surety and who is given (5) the name "professional bondsman." This individ- ual sells his services for a fee, and his activities are regulated in part by statute and in part by the ordinanoes of the city in whioh he operates, BAIL BOND PRACTICES: In some states the entire prooedure of bail bonds is completely codified and the practice is uniform. In Georgia, however, it varies from oounty to county and from Judioial officer to JUdicial officer. All bail bonds in one urban county were handled by the solicitor who kept them in his office and distributed them to the sureties after the aocused had made his appearance at trial. In a large number of oounties, the sheriff kept all bail bonds in his otfioe, but made no reoord of them. It was a general praotioe, however, tor the sheriff to have a bond docket in whioh he entered the amount ot the bond, the conditions thereto, and the sureties. In theory it is expeoted that no person will be allowed to beoome surety for another unless he possesses property equal in amount to the full faoe of the bond in addition to such legal exemptions as he may claim.(6l A praotice ourrent in some urban oounties requires a description of the property owned by the surety. In one county a bond attorney is employed to check the qualification statements ot the sureties, but otten he is not given the opportunity to pass on the bond until after the accused has been released. The praotioe in another oounty is tor the surety to file a qualifioation statement with a desoription ot his real property, in addition to which he must have an atfidavit trom the tax reoeiver to the effeot that this property has been returned for taxation. The valuation, as fixed by the tax ofticer, must be greater than the amount of the assessed bail bond. This eliminates the danger of the bondsman signing a single bond of greater size than a oonservative (1) Sec. 27-906 Ga. Code 1933. (2) 6 Corpus Juris p. 1074, Sec. 373. (3) Secs. 27-901;27-902 Ga. Code 192' (4-) Sec. 27-905 ibid. (5) Sec. 27-502 ibid. (6) Royal Statutes 866; p. 405. 3rd Edition. "The Duties of Sheriff's. Coroners and Constables". John C. Crooker, Banks & Bros., New York. 1890; p. 89. Chap. III. 2nd Edition. "Handbook of Criminal Law". WIn. L. Clark. Jr West Publishing Co st. Paul. Minn 1902; 6 Corpus Juris 908 (49). - 30 - value of hie real property. Many other counties many times the value of their taxable holdings. require a surEty' to fHe an affidavit with the In the rural counties, even those adjacent bond citing that'Che is owner''Of property in that to the metropolitan areas, the professional county to the amount of said bond above all bondsman does not operate. Recent years have debts and liabilities, but only in rare cases is such an affidavit investigated. In a rural county just prior to a recent term of court, the docket was found to contain thirty-six criminal cases. No defendant was in jail and more than one-third of them had been MIL e>OND5 R.EQUIRED IN FELONY AND MISDEMEANOR. CASES IN A RURAL GE.ORG-IA COUNTY BY AMOUNT OF e.ONDS IN PER CENTS PERCENT JANUARY l. IQ'2b'DECEM~EIl.31.1935 PERCENT 100i--l]]llr--lliir--l'OO allowed to give their own recognizances. Chart 80 II shows the aize of bonds required for felony and misdemeanor cases for this county during the 60 60 period. 1926-1935. PROFESSIONAL BONDSMEN: The professional bonds40 40 man is an urban phenomenon, and is usually wil1- ing to provide bail for anyone. In order to '20f-----iL '20 moderate the activities of professional sure- ties, regulatory statutes have been passed by the General Assemb1y(1)and sometimes ordinances by city authorities; but, for some reason, all such regulations seem difficult of enforcement, aQd even so simple a requirement as the annual registration of such persons is not always carried out. Comment has been made about the connections of professional bondsmen with the so-called dcrimina1 element." Even more comment has been made regarding their actual criminal records. Three of the four largest operators in one county were found to have police histories. 0'---- o OF BOND: AMOUNT '100,00 ORUS._ 110I.OOJwO,oo~1'201.00.1:300.00 ~ 1301.QO!SOO.OO ~IS01.00 "1000.00 [ I ] n (I-IART No shown a marked increase, however, in the use of this type of surety in the mope urban counties. For 1935 in Fulton County, 77.5 percent of the TABLE V* VALUE OF PROPERTY RETURNED FOR TAXATION TO BAIL BOND OBLIGATIONS 9 Professional Bondsmen in Georgia 1935 Since the bail bond is insurance for the state against the non-appearance of the accused at his trial, if the surety does not own sufficient property to cover the face amount of the bond, it is uncollectible and the insurance va~ue1ess. Activities of professional bondsmen Bondsman A B C D E F G H I were studied With reference to the amount of bail bonds they had assumed in the year 1935 as compared to the property they had returned for taxation. The results indicate that such persons are often obligated at one time in amounts *Source: Bond dockets and tax digests of 3 Georgia counties bail bond sureties were professional bondsmen, as compared to 50.g percent in 1926. (See Appendix C, Table 6, ror annual comparisons.) The types of bail bonds accepted in Fulton Coun- (ll Sec. 27-501 et sequi Ga. Code 1933. ty are shown in Charts III and IV. - 31 AMOUNT OF BAIL~ON~S: Since a primary purpose of bail is the insurance of_Ahe accused's attendance upon his trial, if this purpose is accomplished, the amount of the bail bond and the The size of bail bonds accepted in these three counties 1s shown in percents in Table VI. (For tapl~ in numbers, see Appendix C, Table 8.) The gravity of the offense is expected to type of the suretiss are matters of little moment. On the other hand, if the attendance of the accused is not accomplished, it follows that the procedure or regulations affecting bail bonds are faulty. In some states the amount of bond required is of sUfficient importance to be set by statute for each crime, but no statutory provision as to amount governs the assessment of bail in Georgia. This has caused some officers to require bonds of several sizes for the same crimes. Recently in a rural county, for the TYPES OF BAIL ~ONDS ACCEPTED IN FULTON COUNTY, GEORGIA JANUARY 1,1926 - DECEM~ER 31,1935 (FROM e>OND DOCKET OF FULTON COUNTY) IX>ND SIGNED f>Y: DEFENDANT - fRIENDS AS SURETI ES DEFE'NDANT- OWN ~ECOGNIZANCE DEFENDANT-PROf ~NDSt.AAN AS SURETY 13,'233 '2.\01 '29,29'2. DEFENDANT-SURETV CO. AS SURETY 7tl CASI-l DEpOSITED WITI-l SIlERlfF IN LIEU OF f>oND 1039 TOTAL 45.743 CHART No.m )rirne of assault and battery, a bond of $1,000 .&s demanded; yet in many counties bonds for S100 for this offense are frequently accepted. The requirement of $1,000 seems a bit unusual since a study of three counties in which the in- formation was available for the period 1926 to 1935 revealed that approximately 12 percent of the bonds set were for amounts above $500, and two and six-tenths of one percent above $1,000. TABLE VI* BAIL BOND ASSESSMENTS IN GEORGIA COUNTIES In Percents January 1, 1926 - December 31, 1935 In Percents Size Total 100 or Less 101-200 24.5 201-300 12.5 301-500 11.0 501-1,000 9.0 1,001-5,000 23 5,001-10,000 .2 Over $10,000 .1 Urban Count}'. 42.3 23.8 10.8 10.9 9.5 2.4 .2 .1 Ru-Urban t count 17 30.!'l 34.7 12.6 3. 4 .8 .1 Rural t count 8. 76.1 4.1 7.g 39 TOTAL 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.'0 *Source: Bond dockets of 3 counties. have due weight in the assessment of bail, but from the study of 74,g92 cases from the bond docket of an urban county, little relationship of this type appears to exist. For assault and battery, for instance, the amount of assessed bail varied from $100 to over $10,000, and for murder, from $100 to $10,000. Table VII lists the amount of bail required for the several crimes. FORFEITURE PRACTICES: When the court announces its readiness to try a case and the accused does not appear at the bar, it is customary for the oourt to have this particular defendant called by the sheriff. This is an old historic procedure and oonsists in the sheriff's oa1ling the defendant's name in a loud voice, and citing the fact that he must appear in court or his bond will be forfeited. If he does not appear by the end of the term, a scire facias will be issued to the principal and the sureties requiring them to be in court and show cause why the bond should not be forfeited. These papers are often issued on the last day of the oourt's sitting, and the record of this proceeding is usually in the minute docket of the court. el.) At the next term, the Bureties are expected (D Sec. 27-905 Ga. Code 1933. - 32 - to present thems~lves with their reasons why the cases. In recent years there seems to have been bond should not. be forfei~.ed. If the sureties greater effort toward the collection of such have brought the accused into court, the jUdge bonds in this particular county, since the num- must set aside this writ upon the payment of the bers remaining outstanding are much smaller than costs by the accused or his sureties!U If the in previous years. (Appendix C, Table 11, lists defendant is not brought into court, and there the bond forfeitures not set aside in which no is no legal cause why he cannot be, jUdgment final prosecution has been made.) will be rendered against the principal and the sureties for the amount of the bond.(Zl This step does not close the criminal prosecution and at any future date, the defendant may be haled be- TYPES OF MIL ~ONDS ACCEPTED IN FULTON COUNTY, 6EORGIA 1935 (fROM BOND Doc K ET Of fULTON COUNTY) fore the court for trial on the criminal issue of which he is accused.") The liablli ties of the sureties are satisfied upon the payment of the jUdgment. The collection of this jUdgment may be a lengthy process. According to a statement of a court official in one of the urban counties, there had been no bond forfeitures collected in over fifteen years. Several clerks of the court indicated that collection of bond forfeitures was unsatisfactory in their counties. Where court officials are on fees, forfeitures are paid into the insolvent fund of the county and disbursed to the several officials. Where they are on salary ,(4\ forfeitures are paid to the clerk who deposits them in the general fund of the county to be disbursed by the county I s governing board.(5) If jUdgment on bonds are not paid voluntarily, it is a duty of the executive arm of the court to force payment. In a lar~e urban county, during the period between 1926 and 1935, there were 7,~21 defendants who failed to appear at court and whose sureties were called to answer why these bail bonds should not be forfeited. These bond forfeitures were set aside in 5,~61 cases. Of the remaining 1,960, ~6 were paid after judgment had been rendered against the principal and sureties. No final judgment was taken in 120 ~OND SIGNED BY: DEfENDANT-fRIENDS AS SURETIES DEfENDANT- OWN RECO&tm.ANCE DEfENDANT- PROF. BONDSMAN AS SURETY &90 195 3,904 CASI-l DEPOSITED WITI-I SI-lERlfF IN liEU Of 50ND 4-5 TOTAL CI-lART No.N 5,034- ADVANTAGES VESTED IN THE DEFENDANT: The pro- cedure followed regarding bail bond forfeiture in Georgia has proVided a distinct means for the abatement of trial. A defendant at bail, not wishing to be tried at a specific term, may fail to appear until a later term. In such a case, even though his bond was ordered forfeited at the term of court at which he did not appear, this step amounts to little, since it will be set aside by his appearance at court and payment of the accrued costs. Often it is in the interest of the defendant to delay his trial for a period, and the delay for a single term is often sufficient for the evidence against him to waste rl) Sec. 27-904 ibid. (2) Sec. 27-906 ibid. (31? Ga. App. 686, 32 Ga. App. 450. (41 ~ec. 27-2902 ibid. (5) ibid.. itself. The solicitor, because of such unwarranted continuance, is so~etime8 forced to request a nol Rros. - 33 When forfe*yur~s are not collected, it is evident that the bail bond~qes not completely fill its purpose. If the failure of the defendant to appear at his trial is due to the faot that the bond was too small, then perhaps a oorreotive measure in the form of a statute providing for uniform bonds for eaoh orime might be a solution. On the other hand, if the forfeiture prooedure never reaohes the plaoe where the surety or the defendant pays the faoe of the bond, it is to be expeoted that the defendant in oollusion with his sureties will have no hesi- tanoy in skipping bail. If the sureties were always forced to pay the faoe of the bond on the failure of the defendant to appear at oourt at the proper time, it is likely that there would never be collusion between the defendant and his surety in an effort to avoid trial. It seems from records in the several counties studied that the sureties and the principals on bonds feel that bond is a relatively insignificant thing to be used for the hindrance of the operation of the law rather than as a protection of a constitutional right. TABLE VII* SIZE OF BONDS REQUIRED IN AN URBAN GEORGIA COUNTY By Crimes _ January 1. 1926 - December 31. 1935 Misdemeanors CRIMES Toi;al Under Cases $ 50 $50 $101 $201 $301 $401 $501 $601 $801 $1001 $5001 Over 100 200 300 400 500 600 800 1000 5000 10000 $10000 Adultery and Fornioation 646 5 308 198 69 38 1 23 4 Assault 571 164 219 126 5 45 1 7 4 Assault and Bai;i;ery 2,779 1,194 730 526 23 250 5 4 42 4 1 Carrying Deadly Weapons 2,502 1 1,028 918 395 13 129 4 3 8 1 2 '::heating and Swindling 3.373 1 1,823 677 379 47 273 13 20 94 44 2 Disturbing Divine Worship Drunkenness Gambling Larceny. simple Maintaining Lewd House 41 1,984 4.639 1,088 109 20 15 1 5 5 1,446 358 91 8 70 5 1 32 2,894 901 424 9 278 7 3 72 19 315 327 179 1 180 1 1 70 14 44 32 14 2 11 1 1 3 1 Misdemeanor. miscellaneous 5,165 68 2,778 937 440 42 532 6 17 273 71 1 Opere.-ting Auto While Drunk 3,480 1 1,575 1,149 51'1 30 182 4 23 1 1 'Public Indecency 124 42 33 23 16 1 5 4 Receiving Stolen Goods 540 5 160 98 88 5 124 2 5 40 13 Stabbing 1,011 316 379 224 3 78 1 6 4 Vagrancy 1,717 1,142 349 86 6 119 12 2 1 Violating of Geme Law 49 45 4 Violation of Motor Veh. Law 1 ,258 30 723 272 111 9 86 2 1 21 3 Violation of Prohibition Law 24,282 7 11,692 7,319 2,590 182 1.979 47 35 385 45 1 Wife Beating 1,010 375 319 211 5 87 2 8 3 Felonies Arson 32 Assault ,with Intent to k~der 1,953 Assault with Intent to Rape 159 Boastialii;y 34 1 1 2 21 7 42 129 254 26 736 5 32 528 182 17 2 2 5 9 2 27 7 2 57 39 9 1 2 6 22 3 Bigwny Burglary Embezzlement Felony. miscellaneous Forgery 49 3 3 8 15 2 15 3 <'_.728 1 37 132 72 7 400 41 28 1,733 249 26 2 72 2 3 4 17 2 - 11 22 4 7 1.145 80 113 131 4 308 17 12 304 149 25 2 538 21 27 54 19 g9 3 174 71 20 Kidnapping Larceil Larceny of Automobile llanslaughter Murder 64 5 1 6 13 1 21 17 7,815 13 3,162 2,045 961 58 1,026 44 50 364- 86 6 1,978 48 52 46 5 178 1 5 1,477 161 5 160 4 6 14 2 42 3 2 53 32 2 21 1 1 1 4 3 10 1 Perjury Rape Robbery Seduotion 147 1 7 6 23 3 31 2 1 39 31 3 28 1 1 2 4 10 9 1 1,512 15 33 43 1 213 4 6 664 496 37 89 2 1 5 1 28 4 6 26 15 1 urbancounty. GRAlEFORE CITY COURTS In order that misdemeanor cases may be practice in any court other than their own. brought to trial with minimum delay, the General Other functions are usually performed as ex-of- Assembly designed three types of special courts ficio duties by superior court officers (for de- for their disposition. The most prevalent type tails see acts of Georgia General Assembly). now in operation, "constitutional city oourts, The misdemeanor courts* of the counties in are established by legislative enactment under which the Superior Court was studied constitute that provision of the Constitution whioh grants the sample upon which the figures in this chap- the General Assembly authority to create oourts ter are based. (Map II shows the relative loca- of limited jurisdiction similar to the ones tion of these courts within the State.) Sched- funotioning in Atlanta and Savannah at the time ules were gathered from the cases as they ap- of the Constitution's adoption.(I) The seoond most peared on the docket so that they constitute usual type, the "grand jury oity court, is es- cross-section of the charges brought in tha tablished upon the recommendation of the grand area. The number of cases. together with the Jury of the county in Whioh the court is locat- year in which brought, is listed in Table VIII. edJ21 At one time the most popular type of infe- Due to the fact that some courts were in opera- rior court with misdemeanor jurisdiotion was the tion only a part of the period, the city court .county court, but now only a few of these cases of those counties must be studied along oourts remain in operation. They were establish- with those of the Superior Court in order that ed sometimes by legislative enactment and some- the complete history of any particular crime times upon reoommendation of the grand jury in may be reviewed. accordance with a general law.l:31 While grand jury The depression has been accused of fathering city oourts and county courts are established a great crime wave, but such does not appear to under a general law granting the grand jury have been true when the cases coming before the power to act, the General Assembly reserves for city courts are considered. If only the cases itself the power to abolish courts once they brought in those courts which operated the full have been established. Since each co~rt is es- decade are considered, there has been only a tablished for an individual county, effort has relatively small change in the number of cases been made by those responsible to make it fit brought. On the other hand, there are some mark- the conditions therein. Such steps are often ed variations in certain individual crimes, some refleoted in the specifications regarding the of which increased in numbers and others which several court officials. decreased. Table IX lists the number of viola- Usually the jUdge must be over twenty-five tions of the prohibition law and of simple years of age, with at least three years' experi- larceny by years in which docketed. (For other ence in the practice of law. In most instances, crimes, see Append~x D, Table 13.) he is a,salaried officer, and is prohibited from The oity and oounty courts were designed for practicing in any state court. The solioitors the handling of all misdemeanor offenses, but in generally must have had two or more years in the practice of law, are fee paid offioers, and may (1) Secs. 2-2901 ;2-3005 Ga. Code 1933. (tl p. 96. Acts of 1890-S: . 107. Acts of 1892. (,5) p. 288. Acts of 1871-72. * AUTHOR'S NOTE: Since both city end county courts have the same criminal jurisdiction. for the purposes of this report. no attempt was made to separate the cases coming before the severe.1 types of court. end the term "city court" will mean e.11 inferior courts with misdemeanor ju- risdiction. - 35 - certain counties and for the state as a whole, those charges directly related to the posses- it seems that a la~ger part of. their work is de- sion, sale, or transportation of liquor, and not voted to cases involving about ten crimes.* Ap- to any crime growing out of its use.) The com- TABLE VIII* COmITY Total 1926 MISDE1IEAllOR CASES By Year in Which Docketed 29 City Ccurts of Georgia January 1. 1926 - Deoember 31. 1935 1927 1928 Year in which Docketed 1929 1930 1931 1932 1933 1934 1935 Fulton Appling **** Bacon **** Bibb Brantley **** 60,233 811 406 9,618 329 6.115 -136 -999 4.915 -140 920 78 5.197 134 22 1.075 177 5.452 92 51 1.179 74 5.731 132 25 1,075 6.443 177 11 946 -6.877 11 900 - 6.375 174 854 - 6.499 80 882 - 6.629 32 788 Bulloch Burke Carroll Chathllm Chattooga **** 2.871 342 241 319 261 226 332 227 255 300 368 1,450 127 129 262 177 189 173 145 110 77 61 2,925 299 208 266 299 316 273 237 339 338 350 8,458 786 860 869 836 740 746 933 1,047 846 795 420 86 42 173 119 Clarke C1ay**** Coffee Coweta DeKalb Dodge *** Dougherty Floyd Glynn Jenkins 1,871 236 227 - -249 -192 231 46 217 34 189 18 148 22 149 23 137 40 132 53 1,507 101 179 201 244 167 86 108 212 111 98 3.770 383 429 365 356 377 285 335 390 430 420 7.538 647 702 902 1.202 736 700 583 548 689 829 2,853 530 - 113 447 344 539 88 245 286 261 3.006 342 338 330 365 315 402 316 236 225 137 3.479 221 337 390 416 396 375 245 357 343 399 2,106 179 332 269 250 257 251 181 124 92 171 1,549 152 191 210 180 177 163 80 133 130 133 Liberty Lowndes ** Madison Meriwether **** Mitchell 569 95 58 62 79 67 66 40 55 12 35 3,826 400 545 476 440 522 680 596 167 1,065 136 79 188 152 112 83 72 68 109 66 1,071 139 139 104 185 188 135 85 96 1,906 143 121 207 204 245 263 218 186 147 172 Muscogee McIntosh **** Richmond ** Troup 8,830 418 833 - -843 733 - 976 - -915 859 52 938 77 950 131 961 88 822 70 5,550 877 1,287 852 1.108 1,389 37 2,385 252 249 364 297 292 194 162 174 208 193 TOTAL 141,056 14,547 13,611 14,452 15,718 015,184 *'"* City Court Dockets 1926-1935. Data ave.ilable: Impossible to complete work within given time limits. *** Records for 1927 not available. **** Court ~t in operation during full period. 14.478 13,624 13,398 13,030 13,014 proximately 30 percent, or 42,691 cases, of the bined total of these and of simple larceny total cases docketed were violations of the pro- oharges - second in point of numbers - consti- hibition law. (This classification inclUdes only tutes 46 peroent of all cases brought. If some * AUTHOR'S NOTE: In attempting an analysis of these cases. it became apparent that many solioitors had used different names for crimes whioh were identical or nearly so. Some solicitors gave the name of "simple laroeny" to all types of larceny oases whioh were brought before their oourts. In a flwhile the sheritt is custodian ot the prisoners, and exeoutive ot- (14-) tioer; and the bailifts are assistants ot the til Sec. 24-2615 Ga. Code 1933. (7,) Sec. 24-2501 ibid. (3) Sec. 24-3009 ibid. (4) Sec. 24-2609 ibid. ~) Sec. 24-2601 ibid. ((i,) Sec. 24-2901 ibid. nlSees. 24-2801;34-2701 ibid. (ill Sec. 59-202 ibid. t~ Sees. 59-707:59-801 ibid. (JolSee. 24-3351 ibid. (II) Sec. 24-3101 ibid Q1lSee. 24-2616 ibid. trJlSee. 24-2714 ibid. OUee. 24-2813 ibid. (15) sheritt. The solioitor general represents the state and handles the state's case before the oourti"t>lthe reporter makes a reoord of all the evidenoe in telony case~~l The petit Jury is the Judge of the law and the faots~~while the grand Jury inquires into each oase brought betore it or originated by it as to whether or not a orime has been committed. When this question is answered affirmatively, this body then determines it there is sufficient evidence to indioate the parties implioated in the orimeM. I It, as a part ot the oourt, eliminates those cases which are not triable and leaves upon the oourt docket only those oases in which there is evidence suttioient tor trial. The oriminal cases remaining torm the grist which the court must grind, and usually there is a well-filled docket. Of the 93,26g oases docketed in the Superior Court in the counties stUdied, 55,5gg had been brought to trial by December 31, 1935. (See Appendix E, Table 17, for cases by counties.) Table XIX lists the several crimes studied, along with the peroentage of eaoh reaohing trial. An interesting side-light on the work of this court is the similarity of the disposal pattern with that in the misdemeanor oourts. In the city oourt, the solioitor brings the tormal accusation ot the state against the aooused, while in the Superior Court this work is done by the grand Jury. Perhaps at some time in its early history, this body tunctioned independently ot the prosecutor's offioe and without assistanoe brought such indictments as it deemed in the best interest ot the state. Today, it. leans heavily upon the solicitor general and has otten been acoused of being a rubber stamp for (15) Sec. 24-3351 ibid. t~ Sec. 24-2908 ibid. (n) Sec. 27-2401 ibid. Q~Sees. 2-201;27-2301 ibid. (19) Sec. 27-701 ibid. 51 - TABLE XIX* DISPOSITION OF CASES By Crimes 57 Superior Courts of Georgia ** --- Janu~ I, 1926 - Deoember 31, 1935 Misdemeanors CRIMES Abandonment Adultery and Fornication Assault Assault and Ba'ttery A'ttempted Bee.s'tiali1;y or Sodomy Bastardy Blaolanail and Elxtortion BreaJdng, Entering and Stealing Carrying Deadly Weapons Carrying on Lottery Cheating and Swindling Cook Fighting Cruelty to Children and Animals Disturbing Divine Worship Defamation of Vir'tuous Female Escape Failure to Pay Occupational Tax Firing Woods Gambling Hit and Run Driving Interfering with Laborers Killing Farm Animals Libel Larceny, simple Laroeny, attempted Larceny Atter Trust Malpraotioe by Public Offioer Malioious Mischief Maintaining Lewd House Maintaining Opium JoiIIt Mayhem, misdEllIleanor ~sdemeanor, blanket charge Misdemeanor, miscellaneous Obstructing Legal Process Operating Auto while Drunk Operating Slot. Machine with Slugs Peddling without License Peeping Tom Performanoe of Peace Officer's Du1;y, illegally Pointing Pistol at Another Practioing Profession without Lioense Publio Drunkenness Publio Indecency Receiving Stolen Goods Receiving unstl\lllped Tobaocos Removal of Mortgaged Property Resisting an Offioer Rioting Selling Mortgaged Property Shooting a't Occupied Dwelling Stabbing Trespass Using Auto without Owner's Consent Using Obscene Language Usury Vagrancy Violation of CCIllIlIlOn School Law Violation of Eleotion Laws Violation of Professional Bondsmen's Act Violation of GBIIle Law Total Number Peroent 1,388 566 189 1,889 48 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 151 95 247 3,779 1,005 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 2,922 74 97 542 21 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 296 347 23 2,089 35 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 21 11 17 6,439 80 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 86 100.0 8 100.0 294 100.0 283 100.0 21 100.0 13 2,471 101 12 1,628 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 272 100.0 12 100.0 21 100.0 39 100.0 573 100~0 38 3,307 37 627 214 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 159 100.0 14 100.0 369 100.0 116 100.0 84 100.0 389 100.0 164 100.0 147 100.0 766 100.0 129 100.0 1,006 39 71 15 513 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 - 52 - Cases 'to Trial Number Peroent 429 30.9 297 52.5 97 51.3 816 43.2 32 66.7 62 41 148 2,129 301 41.1 43.2 59.9 56.3 30.0 1,187 21 40 267 6 40'.6 26.4 41.2 49.3 28.6 214 72.3 60 17.3 3 13.0 948 45.4 10 28.6 9 5 3 3,995 49 42.9 45.5 17.6 62.0 61.2 53 60.2 2 25.0 152 51.7 156 55.1 13 61.9 6 863 48 4 1,267 46.2 34.9 47.5 33.3 69.3 109 40.1 2 16.7 15 71.4 28 71.8 257 44.9 11 2,162 16 335 43 28.9 65.4 43.2 53.4 20.1 48 30.2 11 78.6 122 33.1 36 31.0 40 47.6 220 56.6 58 35.4 118 80.3 - - 263 34.3 754 75.0 21 53.8 21 29.6 6 40.0 234 45.6 other Dispositions Number Percent 959 269 92 1,073 16 69.1 47.5 48.7 56.8 33.3 69 54 99 1,650 704 58.9 56.8 40.1 43.7 70.0 1,735 53 57 275 15 59.4 71.6 58.6 50.7 71.4 62 287 20 1,141 25 27.7 82.7 87.0 54.6 7l.~ 12 6 14 2,444 31 57.1 54.5 82.4 38.0 38.8 35 39.8 6 75.0 142 48.3 127 44.9 8 38.1 7 1,608 53 8 561 53.8 65.1 52.5 66.7 30.7 163 59.9 10 83.3 6 28.6 11 28.2 316 55.1 27 1,145 21 292 171 71.1 34.6 56.8 46.6 79.9 III 69.8 3 21.4 247 66.9 80 69.0 44 52.4 169 43.4 106 64.6 29 19.7 503 65.7 129 100.0 252 25.0 18 46.2 50 70.4 9 60.0 279 54.4 .::RUlES Violation of Higlnvay Regulations Violation of Motor Vehicle LlIlV Violation of Prohibition LlIlV Violation of Security License Law Violation of the Sabbath Violation of Timber LftW Wife Beating Total Misdemeanors Table XIX - Disposition of Cases (Cont'~) Total Number Percent 36 1,175 11,021 83 44 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 11 100.0 194 100.0 Case!; to Trial Number Percent 18 730 7,023 12 16 50.0 62.1 63.7 14.5 36.4 4 36 0 4 86 44.3 49,175 100.0 26,552 , ~5~4~.0 Felonies Assault with Intent to ~~der Assault with Intent to Rape Assault with Intent to Rob Arson Bir;amy Breaking and Entering Vehicle Bribery Burglary Destroying House with Explosives Embezzlement Embracery Felony, blanket charge Forgery Incest Involuntary Manslaughter Kidnapping Larceny from Building Larceny from Person Larceny of Automobile Larceny of Farm Animals Larceny Larce~ After'Trust l~yhem J!.anufacturing Liquor riscellaneous Felony l:urder Obtaining 110ney Under False Pretense PerjuI"'J Personating Another Poisoning Well Possessing Counterfeit Type Possessing Burgl~J Tools Rape Receiving Stolen Goods Robbery Seduction Shooting at Another Sodomy and Beastiality Violation of Banking Re(,111ationl" Vol'xntary Manslaughter Wrecking Trains 6,130 428 290 310 133 557 81 11,638 12 365 15 341 2,399 28 268 187 2,743 118 4,363 574 63 1,448 4 2,309 73 2,901 94 286 10 18 5 82 511 29 3,816 308 749 137 219 34 17 100.0 1000 0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.\) 100.0 Total Felonies 44,093 GRAIlD TOTAL 93,268 100.0 * Source: Minute dockets of 57 Superior Courts. ** For a county breakdown by crimes, see Appendu E, Table 17. - 53 - 3,791 280 192 144 75 347 36 8,718 5 131 4 150 1,526 17 164 57 1,919 65 3,243 356 48 492 1 1,450 24 2,073 48 90 8 6 4 63 335 12 2,515 74 458 81 4 22 8 61.8 65.4 66.2 46.5 56.4 62.3 44.4 74.9 41.7 35.9 26.7 44.0 63.6 60.7 61.2 30.5 70.0 55.1 74.3 62.0 76.2 34.0 25.0 62.8 32.9 71.5 51.1 31.5 80.0 33.3 80.0 76.8 65.6 41.4 65.9 24.0 61.1 59.1 1.8 64.7 47.1 29,036 65.,9 55,588 59.6 Q:!;.!'er}2tfjpositio!J,s Number Percent 18 445 3,998 71 28 50.0 37.9 36.3 85.5 63.6 7 63.6 108 56.7 22,623 46.0 2,339 H8 98 166 58 210 45 2,920 7 234 11 191 a73 11 104 130 824 53 1,120 ~lS 15 956 3 859 49 828 46 196 2 12 1 19 176 17 1,301 234 291 56 215 12 9 38.2 34.6 33.8 53.5 13.G 3'1.7 55.0 25.1 58.Z, 64.1 73.3 56.0 36.4 3:).3 38.8 69.1' 30.0 44 0 9 25.7 38.0 23.:7: bU~Cl 75.0 37.2 67.1 23 .5 48.0 68.1' 20.0 66. 7 20.0 23.2 34.458.6 34.1 76.0 38.9 40.9 98.2 35.;: 15,057 34.1 ,37,680 ===40==.4=, CRIMES TABLE %l. CASES NOT TR~ By Crimes ~-,= 57 SUperior Courts in Georgia JaDU&ry 1. 1926 - Deolllllber 31. 1935 - ' - '}Jisdemeanors To1;al Transferre'" to Nol other Courts Dismissed Prossed Released On Demand ,Dead For Trial Dooke"t Pending AbandoIllllllItt Adultery and Fornioation Assault As sault and Ba1;1;ery A1;1;empted Beas"tiali1;y or Sod~ 969 269 92 1.073 16 Bastardy Blaokmail and Extor"tion Breeking, EIItering and S"tealing Carrying Deadly Weapons Carrying on Lo1;1;ery B9 64r 99 1.~ '1~ Chea"ting and SWindling, Cook Figltting Cruel1;y to Children and .Animals DiS'turbing Divine Worship Defamation of Vir"tuous Female 1.736 53 6'1 216 16 Esoape Failure to Pay Ocoupational 1'11:1: Firing Woods Gambling Hit and Run Driving 82 287 20 1.141 26 lItterfering with Laborers Killing of Farm Ammals Libel Le.roeny, simple Laroeny. a1;1;emp1;ed 12 6 14 2.444 51 LaroeIl\Y" Ai'ter TruB"t 35 Malprao"tioe by Pub1io Offioer 6 Malioious Misohief 142 MaiIttaining Lewd House 12'1 Maintaining Opium JoiIIt 8 Mayhem, misdemeanor Misdemeanor, b1lU1ke"t oharge Misdemeanor, misoellaneous ObB"truoting Legal Prooess Operating Au"to while Drunk 'I 1,608 53 8 561 Operating Slot Machine with Slugs 163 Peddling w+thou"t Lioense 10 Peeping Tom 6 Performance of Peace Offioer's Du1;y, illegally 11 PoiIIting Pistol At Another ' 316 Prao"tioing Profession withou"t Lioense Publio IlruJIkenness Publio Indeoency Reoeiving S"tolen Goods Reoeiving UnB"temped Tobacoos 27 1,146 21 292 171 Removal of ),tJr"tgaged Property 111 Resisting an Offioer 3 'Rio"ting 247 Selling ),tJr"tgaged Proper1;y BO Shoo1;ing at Occupied Dwelling 44 S"tabbing 169 Trespass 106 Using Au"to withou"t OIIner's ConseItt 29 Using Obsoene Language 503 Usury 129 Vagrancy 252 Violation of COIIlIDOn Sohoo1 La 18 Violation of Eleotion LtlII' 60 Violation of ProfessioJ;lal Bondsmen's Ao"t 9 Violation of: Game Law 2'19 337 63 8 282 3 -25 34 lB3 636 200 2'1 16 80 8 5 '15 2 194 4 - 1 2 304 7 -1 11 -40 1 358 -7 98 ---2 69 19 213 5 10 2 10 1 3'1 6 14 60 11 10 199 126 40 1 -1'1 31 - 54- 17 123 -10 103 32 44 381 2 4 7 30 1 19 4 33 49 579 12 30 - - 28 451 1 2'1 10 94 1 4 6 1'1 9 97 1 11 -17 394 10 -- 7 2 1 2 92 969 3 '1 -3 14 6 --8 77 -3'1 1 3 --66 463 19 4 41 233 -1 66 7 2 2 1 1 16 129 -5 51 449 2 2 -3 107 153 - - 5 53 5 93 3 29 2 12 9 48 '1 53 4 8 -30 153 1 --14 94 6 29 1 6 10 140 3 104 375 3 5 85 2 12 38 -14 49 2 303 5 ----2 --9 18 34 28 41 796 1 26 --4 118 19 4 934 7 9 1- -10 80 2 - 10 44 2 1 -10 94 5 4- -20 512 11 -- 2 --- 5 3 7 -16 -214 849 14 ------ -5 3 -2 - 12 1 43 48 8 2 9 66 646 -2 -1 24 4 1 25 163 --1- -1- 92 3 2 3 6 1 11 90 1 1 1 6 --2 60 3 31 1 366 9 139 15 -2 --1 --7 34 2 111 -4 38 16 2 6 55 -1 -5 29 7 -1 6 114 1 2 -1-- -10 -- 93 11 4 2 1 15 82 ~-=- CRIMES Violation of Highway Regulations Violation of Motor Vehicle Law Violation of Prohibition Law Violation of Security License ~ 'Violation of the Sabbath Violation of Timber Law Wife Beating Total Ml.sdemeanors Table XX - Cases Not Tried (Cont. d) Total Transferred to 1101 other Courts Dismissed Prossed Released On Demand Dead For Trial Docket Pending 18 445 3.. 998 71 28 7 108 22.623 6 65 754 2 8 4 33 4.755 1 6 50 162 167 1,785 16 17 3 1 43 819 7.961 1 4 1 30 137 21 226 1,045 5 46 3 1 3 27 109 1,159 7,820 Felonies ,Assault with Intent to Murder Assault with Intent to Rape Assault with Intent to Rob .Arson Big~ 2,339 148 98 166 58 BresJdng and Entering Vehicle Bribery Burglary Destroying House with Elltp10sives Embezzlement 210 45 2,920 7 234 Embracery 11 Felony. blanket charge 191 Forgery 873 Inoest 11 Involuntary Manslaughter 104 Kidnapping Larceny from Building Larceny fram Person Larceny of Automobile Larceny of Farm Animals 130 824 53 1,120 218 Larceny 15 Larceny After Trust 956 Mayhem 3 l!anuaeturing Liquor 859 Miscellaneous Felony 49 Murder 828 Obtaining Money under False Pretense 46 Perjury 196 Personating Another 2 Poisoning Well 12 Possessing Counterfeit Type Possessing Burglary Tools Rape Receiving stolen Goods Robbery 1 19 176 17 1,301 Seduotion 234 Shoeting at Another 291 Sod~ and Beastiality 56 Violation of Banking Regulations 215 Voluntary Manslaughter 12 Wrecking Trains 9 Total Felonies 15,057 GRAm> TOTAL 37.680 * Souroe: Minute dookets of 57 Superior Courts 40 4 4 1 2 1 133 3 20 10 7 127 9 35 3 48 1 22 4 18 7 1 7 1 13 3 8 1 139 1 673 5,428 36 764 7 62 2 28 5 80 3 18 3 33 18 79 906 6 62 6 1 77 16 274 2 4 4 36 4 39 36 219 1 20 19 253 13 60 3 3 22 294 1 33 371 2 18 43 157 13 5 49 9 1 5 17 11 5 16 400 1,219 4 75 8 347 93 133 23 36 3 3 4,599 12.560 27 294 1,178 2 13 60 16 48 7 13 nO 7 30 4 29 139 26 13 470 1,319 7 2 40 121 5 3 13 77 4 93 476 1 4 2 1 54 2 19 66 3 74 365 1 2 20 5 85 123 1 37 104 2 3 4 6 66 520 1 9 71 353 4 21 1 63 546 9 24 6 9 120 2 3 1 1 12 13 76 8 8 110 806 26 101 2 18 125 6 26 24 1 .7 6 112 1605 7,668 221 2,764 15.488 - 55 - his offioe. The grand jury, under the Georgia law, has powers adequate for it to fulfill the utmost expeotations of the oiti-zenry~1) and when it does not live up to them, suoh failures may be attributed largely to its leadership. While it is the duty of this body to keep as many nontriable oases from the dooket as possible, probably its failure to thoroughly sift the evidence is responsible in part for the fact that approx- imately 40 peroent of the indiotments were not tried. The disposition of all such cases is shown in Table XX. For the city court, only a small percentage of the cases not tried were transferred to other courts. In fact, little reason existed for transferrals, except for those cases which involved minors. On the other hand, the Superior Court, with its general jurisdiotion, had all types of cases brought before its grand juries, and where proper eVidence was presented, an indictment was returned. Often, then, the Superior Court judge, instead of trying misdemeanor and Juvenile cases, saw fit to place them under the jurisdiction of the courts especially designed for them. Also, while in the city court a change of venue is a very rare occurrence, it is not so rare in the Superior Court, and suoh cases add to the volume of those sent to other courts. For the purpose of this study, cases transferred to other courts were assumed to be completed. Under such an assumption, they are not then a part of the grist of the Superior Court, and can be eliminated from further consideration. When this is done, the total cases not tried is 32,252, or 36.S percent, of the 87,840 cases under consideration (cases docketed minus cases transferred). Upon an application, then, of the reasoning employed in the preceding chapter in regard to dismissed, no1 prossed, and pending cases, approximately one-third of the cases brought in the Superior Court result in virtual acquittals. Due to the more serious nature of felony. crimes,*it is to be expected that they are tried in greater ratios than misdemeanors. Mlen the cases transferred to other courts are eliminated, the expectation is shown to be fulfilled by 66.9 percent of the felonies, and only 59.8 per- cent of the misdemeanors reaching trial. The procedure of the city and county courts was designed especially for the rapid disposal of minor crimes, while that in the Superior Court has changed little from the oumbersome routine used in early colonial times. Since felony cases, by their very nature, are more important, from the standpoint of disposal, than misdemeanors, it is in the interest of the state that these lesser orimes be tried in the courts designed for their trial where such courts are operating. Transferrals to these oourts are not always made, however, and in many counties, the Superior Court attempts the trial of large percentages of misdemeanor cases. This practice perhaps accounts in part for the recent change in the law, and allows the solicitor general to initiate charges on accusation in misdemeanor cases as is done in the city COUit't ,12) This change is so recent that its effect on the oases studied is negligible. Nevertheless, in the Superior Court, as in the oity court, a defendant may waive his rights to a full examination of the case by the court upon entering a plea of guilty. The jUdge, in cases of this kind, makes such inquiry into the ca6e as he deems neoessary and sentences the defendant according to the law of the particular crime involved. Pleas of guilty were entered in 73.8 percent of the misdemeanors and 55.6 per- * AUTHOR'S NOTE: For 1;he purposes of 1;his chap1;er and for the remainder of those in this rep or"\;, ell tables and computations were made on the basis of the crime charged. and no1; on the basis of 1;he crime for which sentence was passed. In o1;her words, if a person charged wi1;h rape in the indictment was convicted and sentenced for assauU and battery, 1;he figures 1;hroughout this repor"\; show this case under rape. (I) Sec. 59-301 et sequi, ibid. (7) p. 196, Acts of 1935 - 56 - cent of the felonies tried in the Superior small portion of time is consumed by the judge Court. The numbers of pleas of guilty in one of in handling a case if the defendant pleads gUil- the more serious felonies no doubt causes wonder ty. On the other hand, if the defendant pleads dn the part of the average individual, and yet, not guilty, it is necessary for a suitable jury pleas of guilty were entered in 17.S percent of to be impanelled and the case proceeds before the murder charges coming to trial in the period it. A large portion of the time in the Superior under discussion. This, however, does not tell Court is consumed by the assembling, choosing, the complete story, since often a defendant and qualifying of jurors. Nevertheless, 35.7 charged with a heinous crime may find it advis- percent of the total cases tried in the Superior able after a conference with the solicitor gen- Court were tried before a jury. Of these, con- eral to plead guilty to an offense not so grave victions resulted in 53.4 percent of misdemeanor as the one with which he is charged, and will- cases and 65.2 percent of the felony cases. ingly receive the maximum sentence for the less- This difference is maybe due to the fact that er offense. Contrasting with the solicitor who solicitors general spend greater effort in the has made a bargain is that prosecuting officer preparation of felony cases and in the selec- whose case is so well prepared and whose evi- tions of juries for them. As shown by Table dence is so complete that the defendant prefers XXII, percentages of convictions vary between to rest upon the mercy of the court rather than the several crimes. These differences are prob- face an enraged jury, even though the punishment ably due to the fact that because of their very meted out by the judge might be electrocution. natur.3, evidence in some types of cases is more There are among the cases studied, several in easily obtained and presented than in others. which the defendants were given the maximum pun- Arson all embezzlement are two crimes in which ishment allowed by law under pleas of guilty. evidence must be gathered by a costly and labo- Table XXI lists the cases tried according to the rious process, and which, after being gathered, plea entered. does not lend itself to a clear presentation to The charge of murder is not the only one in a jury. which pleas of guilty are entered in surpI~sing The percentage of convictions before a jury ratios. Rape, robbery, burglary, and arson - for misdemeanor cases is slightly higher in the all heinous crimes - show such pel'centages of Superior Court than in the city court, but not pleas of guilty. On the other hand, among the so mUwh higher as to lead one to believe that misdemeanor cases, there are points of similar- the jury of the Superior Court is so m~ch more ity, as well as points of difference, in the effective than in the inferior courts. Taken as plea pattern to that in the city court. Taken a whole, almost 39 percent of the cases tried all in all, however, there is so much difference before a jury are acquittals. When to these are between the ratios of the several crimes that it added those virtual acquittals due to nol pros, is probable that a definite pattern does not ex- dismissal, and pending dispositions, it is found ist between crimes of all types and crimes sup- that convictions occur in the Superior Court in posedly similar in character, and that pleas of only '54.5 percent of the cases docketed there. guilty are made more on the basis of the evi- This fact indicates clearly that a large dence known by the defendant to be in the hands portion of the labor of our law enforcement and of the state rather than upon any specific qual- court departments is non-productive, and changes ity inherent in the crime or crime type. of some type are necessary if the desired pur- Even in cases of serious felonies, only a poses are to be served by them. No one individ- - 57 - TABLE XXI. ~OJIIDeiIt Adultery and Fornication Assault Assault and Battery Attempted Beastiality or Sodo.m;r PLEAS OF GUILTY AND NOT GUILTY - BY CRIMES 57 SUperior Courts in Georgia --- January 1, 1926 - December 31, 193u LlISaemeanors Total Number Percent 429 100.0 297 100.0 97 100.0 816 100.0 32 100.0 Guilty Number Percent 304 70.9 204 68.7 38 39.2 368 45.1 22 68.8 Bastardy Blaclcnail and Ex;t;ortion BreeJdng, Entering and stealing Carrying Deadly Weapons Carrying on Lottery 62 41 148 2,129 301 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 23 23 93 1,455 281 37.1 56.1 62.8 68.3 93.4 Cheating and SwiJ:Jdlillg Cook Fighting Cruelty to Children and AniJDals Disturbing Divine Worship Defamation of Virtuous Female 1,187 21 40 267 6 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 890 75.0 9 42.9 12 30.0 173 64.8 1 16.7 Esoape Fe. ilure to Pay Oooupational Ta Firillg Woods Gambling Hit and Run Driving 241 100.0 60 100.0 3 100.0 948 100.0 10 100.0 175 81.8 54 90.0 2 66.7 827 87.2 6 60.0 Interfering with Labors Killing Farm .Animals Libel Larceny, si:mple Larceny, attempted 9 5 3 3,996 49 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 -- - 7 -77.8 2,641 66.1 27 55.1 Laroeny After Trust lIalpraotice by Publio Officer lIalicious Misohief Maintaining Lewd House lIaintaining Opium Joint 63 100.0 2 100.0 162 100.0 166 100.0 13 100.0 33 62.3 1 50.0 98 64.5 136 87.2 8 61.5 vayhem l4ildemeanor, bllUlket charge mademeanor, misoellaneous Obstruoting Legal Process Operating Auto while Drunk 6 883 48 4 1,267 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 3 ..22 31 4 1,047 50.0 72.1 64.6 100.0 82.6 Operating Slot Machine with Slugs 109 100.0 Peddling without Lioense 2 100.0 Peeping Tam 16 100.0 Performance of Peace Officerts Duty, illegally 28 100.0 Pointing Pistol at Another 257 100.0 98 89.9 2 100.0 8 53.3 18 64.3 104 40.5 Practioing Profession without Lioense Publio Drlmkenness Publio Indeoency Receiving Stolen Goods Reoeiving Unst8lllped Tobaccos 11 2,162 16 335 43 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 6 1,869 13 185 35 54.5 86.4 81.3 55.2 81.4 Removal of JIortgaged Property Resisting lIZl. Offioer Rioting Selling Mortgaged Property Shooting at Ocoupied Dwelling 48 100.0 11 100.0 122 100.0 36 100.0 40 100.0 17 35.4 8 72.7 51 41.8 13 36.1 19 47.5 Stabbing Trespass Using Auto without Ownerts Consent Using Obsoene Language vagranoy Violation of CClIIllIlOn Sohool La' Violation of Eleotion La' Violation of Professional Bondsments .lot Violation of Geme La' Violation of Highway RegulatioIlll Violation of JIotor Vehicle x.- Violation of Prohibition Law Violation of Security License x.- Violation of the Sabbath Violation of Timber x.WiteTBote8a1tinidglCl_ _8 220 100.0 58 100.0 118 100.0 263 100.0 764 100.0 21 . 100.0 21 100.0 6 100.0 234 100.0 18 100.0 730 7,023 12 16 4 86 26,552 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 - 58 - 89 40 86 145 704 10 15 1 174 10 595 5,579 5 15 2 68 19,592 40.5 69.0 72.9 55.1 93 0 4 47.6 71.4 16.7 74.4 55.6 81.5 79.4 41.6 93 0 8 50.0 67.4 73.8 Not Guilty Number PerceiIt 125 29.1 93 31.3 59 60.8 448 64.9 10 31.2 39 62.9 18 43.9 55 37.2 674 31.7 20 6.6 297 25.0 12 57.1 28 70.0 94 35.2 5 83.3 39 18.2 6 10.0 1 33.3 121 12.8 4 40.0 2 5 3 1,364 22 22.2 100.0 100.0 33.9 44.9 20 37.7 1 50.0 64 35.5 20 12.8 5 38.5 3 50.0 241 27.9 -17 -35.4 220 17.4 11 10.1 7 46.7 10 35.7 153 59.5 5 45.5 293 13.6 3 18.7 150 44.8 8 18.6 31 64.6 3 27.3 71 58.2 23 63.9 21 52.5 131 59.5 18 31.0 32 27.1 118 44.9 50 6.6 11 52.4 6 28.6 5 83.3 60 25.6 8 44.4 135 1,444 7 1 2 28 6,960 18.5 20.6 58.4 6.2 50.0 320 6 26.2 TABLE XXI - Pleas of Guilty and Not Guilty (Cont'd) - -< - CRI14ES Assault with Intent to l6lrder Assault with Intent to Rape Assault with Intent to Rob Arson BiglllD Total Number PerceJIt 3.791 280 192 144 75 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Breaking end Entering Vehicle Bribery Burglary Destroying House with Explosives Embezzlement 347 36 8.718 5 131 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Embracery Fe10n,y. b111Jlket charge Forgery Incest Imroluntary Manslaughter 4 150 1.526 17 164 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 KidJlapping Larcen,y from Building Laroeny from Person Larcen,y of Automobile Laroen,y of Farm Animals 57 1.919 65 3.243 356 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Laroen,y Larcen,y .After Trust Jls.yhem lI'lmU1'acturing Liquor Misoel1aneous Felon,y 48 492 1 1.450 24 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 J.6lrder Obtaining Money under False Pretense Perjury Personating Another Poisoning Well 2.073 48 90 8 6 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Possessing Counterfeit Type Possessing Burglary Tools Rape Reoeiving Stolen Goods Robbery 4 63 335 12 2.515 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 1000 0 Seduction Shooting at Another Sodomy end Beastiality Violation of BIlJlld.ng Regulations Voluntary Manslaughter 74 100.0 458 100.0 81 100.0 4 100.0 22 100.0 Wreoking Trains 8 100.0 Total Felonies 29.036 100.0 GRAlID TOTAL 55.588 100.0 * Source, :Minute dockets of 57 SUperior Courts Felonies Guilty NUlliber Percent 1.323 77 89 31 46 34.9 27.5 46.4 21.5 61.3 261 12 5.685 3 68 75.2 33.3 65.2 60.0 51.9 2 90 1.251 9 42 50.0 60.0 82.0 52.9 25.6 16 1.357 28 2.398 189 28.1 70.7 43.1 73.9 53.1 26 54.2 279 56.7 1 100.0 893 61.6 13 54.2 370 17.8 31 64.4 41 45.6 5 62.5 3 50.0 1 35 68 3 1.135 25.0 55.6 20.3 25.0 45.1 23 31.1 186 40.6 59 72.8 4 18.2 5 62.5 16.158 55.6 35,750 64.3 :Not Guilty NUIliber Percei'It 2.468 65.1 203 72.5 103 53.6 113 78.5 29 38.7 86 24 3.03~ 2 63 24.8 66.7 34.8 40.0 48.1 2 50.0 60 40.0 275 18.0 8 47.1 122 74.4 41 71.9 562 29.3 37 56.9 845 26.1 167 46.9 22 45.8 213 43.3 557 38.4 11 45.8 1.703 17 49 3 3 82.2 35.4 54.4 37.5 50.0 3 28 267 9 1.380 75.0 44.4 79.7 75.0 54.9 51 68.9 272 59.4 22 27.2 4 100.0 18 81.8 3 37.5 12.878 44.4 19,838 35.7 ual nor one part of the court can be blamed for best, it is not to be expected - indeed, it is this fact. It may be that the law enforcement not desirable from a standpoint of public poldepartment has not assembled all the witnesses icy, that all cases docketed will result in conor that courts of inquiry have allowed frivilous victions. Some allowance must be made for human charges to be bound over to the trial courts. errors in jUdgment on the part of those charg~d Then, maybe the grand jury has brought indict- with the various phases of law enforcement an4 ments in cases where the evidence was faulty and court routine. The fact, however, that so relainSUfficient, perhaps the solicitor general has tively few convictions result from the cases failed to prepare the case properly, or maybe docketed is incontrovertible evidence that eiththe petit jury has not done its duty. Even er a great portion of the effort of state agenwhen all departments are functioning at their cies is directed toward abortive attempts to 59 UBIB XXII. COlNICTIOBS .ABD ACQUITTALS (Gases 19here Pleas ot llot Quilty Were E!fr.3red) ~_:: 57 Superior Courts in Georgia JanUary 1. 1926 - Deo~er 31. 1935 Jtl.sdemeanors CRDIES Abandonme:at Adulte:ry and Fornication Assault Assault and Battery Attempted Beastiali1:y or Sodomy Total llamber Peroe:at 125 100.0 93 100.0 59 100.0 448 100.0 10 100.0 Conviotiona B\lmber Peroe:at 79 63.2 48 51.6 23 39.Q 212 47.3 8 80.0 Bastardy 1l1ao1anai1 and Extortion Bree.ld.ng. E:ateriDg and StealiDg Carrying Deadly Weapons Carry:ing on Lottery 39 100.0 16 100.0 55 100.0 674 100.0 20 100.0 22 56.4 6 44.4 34 61.6 408 60.5 6 30.0 Cheating and SwindliDg Cook Fighting Cruelty to Chi1dren.and Animals Disturbing Divine Worship nef'emation ot Virtuous Female 297 100.0 12 100.0 26 100.0 94 100.0 5 100.0 160 53.9 12 100.0 13 46.4 - - 43 45.7 Escape Failure to Pay Occupational Tex FiriDg Woods Gambling Hit and Run Driving 39 100.0 6 100.0 1 100.0 121 100.0 4 100.0 22 56.4 - - 1 16.7 52 43.0 2 50.0 I:aterf'erlng with Laborers Killing Farm Animals Libel Larceny. simple Larceny. attempted 2 5 3 1.364 22 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 - - 1 50.0 1 33.3 767 56.1 14 63.6 larceny'Atter Trust Malpraotice by Public Otf'icers Malicious Mischief' :Ilai:ataining Lewd House llai:ataining Opium Joi:at 20 100.0 1 100.0 54 100.0 20 100.0 5 100.0 -10 - 50.0 27 50.0 14 70.0 4 60.0 :Mayhem Misdemeanor.blanket charge Misdemeanor. miscellaneous Operating Auto while Drunk Operating Slot Machine with Slugs 3 100.0 241 17 - 100.0 100.0 220 100.0 11 100.0 1 33.3 130 54.0 6 35.3 116 52.7 8 72.7 Peeping Tom Perf'orman~e of' Pence Of'fioer's Luty. illegally Pointing Pistol at Another Practicing Prof'ession without License Public Drunkenness 7 100.0 10 100.0 153 100.0 5 100.0 293 100.0 3 43.0 4 40.0 66 43.1 3 60.0 126 43.0 Public Indecency Receiving Stolen Goods Receiving Unstmnped Tobaccos Removal of' Mortgaged Property Resisting an Officer 3 100.0 150 100.0 6 100.0 31 100.0 3 100.0 1 33.3 66 56.7 4 50.0 12 36.7 1 33.3 Rioting Selling Mortgaged Property ShootiDg at Occupied Dwelling Stabbing Trespass 71 100.0 23 100.0 21 100.0 131 100.0 16 100.0 41 57.7 10 43.5 12 57.1 83 63.4 6 33.3 Using Auto without Owner' s Consent UsiDg Obscene Language Vagrancy Violation of Common School Law Violation of' Election Laws 32 100.0 118 100.0 50 100.0 11 100.0 6 100.0 14 43.6 61 51.7 29 58.0 4 36.4 2 33.3 Violation of' Professional Bondsmen's Act Violation of' Game Law Violation of Highn;y Regulations Violation of' Motor Vehicle Law Violation of' Prohibition Law 5 60 8 135 1.444 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 2 40.0 - - 24 40.0 66 48.9 765 53.0 Violation of' Security License Law Violation of the Sabbath Violation of Timber Law Wite BeatiDg Total V~sdemeauors 7 1 2 28 6.960 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 5 -1 15 3.720 71.4 - 100.0 53.6 53.4 - 60 - Aoquittals Number Perce:at 46 36.8 45 48.4 36 61.0, 236 52.7 2 20.0 17 10 21 266 14 -137 15 51 5 43.6 55.6 36.2 39.5 70.0 - 46.1 53.6 54.3 100.0 17 43.6 5 63.3 1 100.0 69 57.0 2 50.0 1 50.0 5 100.0 2 66.7 567 41.9 6 36.4 10 50.0 1 100.0 27 50.0 6 30.0 1 20.0 2 66.7 111 46.0 11 64.7 104 47.3 3 27.3 4 57.0 6 60.0 87 56.9 2 40.0 167 57.0 2 66.7 62 41.3 4 50.0 19 61.3 2 66.7 30 42.3 13 56.5 9 42.9 48 36.6 12 66.7 16 56.2 57 48.3 21 42.0 7 63.6 4 66.7 3 60.0 36 60.0 8 100.0 69 51.1 679 47.0 2 28.6 2 13 3.240 100.0 46.4 46.6 TABLe XXII - Convictions and Acqui~tals (Cont1d) -" CRIMES Assault with Intent to 1lurder Assault with Intent to Rape Assault with Intent to Rob Arson Bigllll\Y Total Number Peroent 2.468 100.0 203 100.0 103 100.0 113 100.0 29 100.0 Breaking and Entering Vehiole Bribery Burgla1"'J Destroying House with Explosives Embezzlement 86 24 3.033 2 63 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 ~braoory Felony', blanket charge Forgery Incest InvoluntaJ"'.{ J~anslaughter 2 100.0 60 100.0 275 100.0 8 100.0 122 100.0 Kidnapping larceny from Building Larceny from Person Larc.my of Automobile Larceny of: Farm Animals 41 100.0 562 100.0 37 100.0 845 100.0 167 100.0 Larceny Larcen;{ Ai'ter Trust Kunufacturing Liquor Niscellaneous Felony lIurder 22 213 557 11 1.703 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Obtaining Money under False Pretense Perjury Personating Another Poisoning Well Possessing Counterfeit Type 17 100.0 49 100.0 3 100.0 3 100.0 3 100.0 Possessing Burglary Tools Rape Reoeiving Stolen Goods Robbery Seduction 28 267 9 1.380 51 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Shooting at Another Sodomy a~d Deastiality Violation of BarJdng RegUlations Voluntary !';enslaughter "Wrecking Trains 272 100.0 22 100.0 4 100.0 18 100.0 3 100.0 Total Felonies 12,878 100.0 GRAND TOTAL 19,838 100.0 *Souroo, Minuto dockets of 57 Superior Courts. Convictions Number Percent 1.564 125 63.4 61.6 62 60.2 45 39.8 19 65.5 i\? 18 2.098 1 28 72.1 75.0 69.2 50.0 44.4 2 100.0 36 60.0 179 65.1 6 75.0 81 66.4 19 46.3 334 59.4 17 45.9 576 68.2 89 53.3 15 94 372 6 1.199 68.2 44.1 66.8 54.5 70.4 13 76.5 33 67.3 3 100.0 2 66.7 20 71.4 156 58.4 3 33.3 917 66.4 33 64.7 141 51.8 16 72.7 1 25.0 5 27.8 3 100.0 8.393 65.2 12.113 61.1 Acquittals" m.miber PercelIt 904 36.6 78 38.4 41 39.8 68 60.2 10 34.5 24 27.9 6 25.0 935 30.8 1 50.0 35 55.6 0 24 40.0 96 34.9 2 25.0 41 33.6 22 53.7 228 40.6 20 54.1 269 31.8 78 46.7 7 31.8 119 55.9 185 33.2 5 45.5 504 29.6 4 23.5 16 32.7 3 100.0 1 33.3 8 28.6 111 41.6 6 66.7 463 33.6 18 35.3 131 48.2 6 27.3 3 75.0 13 72.2 ,----"-- 4.485 34.8 7.725 38.9 punish indiViduals for crimes which were never while others have taken it from the political committed, or innumerable crimes are committed arena so that local interference no longer im- for which the perpetrator is never punished. pedes its activity. With but few exceptions, the Neither premise can be justified by any stretch Georgia solicitor general enjoys meagre facili- of plausible theory. ties to aid him in gathering evidence, has no In order to remedy this sort of situation, assistants other than those paid from his own. some states have seen fit to equip the prosecut- pocket, and is often hampered by haVing to re- ing attorney's office with funds and personnel quest reelection at the hands of those whom he adequate to gather the necessary ,evidence in has recently prosecuted. How much effect such criminal cases. Other places have woven this facts have had on the effectiveness of the court office closely in a state department of justice was not determined by the survey. Nevertheless, so as to give the office greater efficiency, the preceding tables indicate clearly that con- 61 - TABLE XXIII* PERIOD BE!"IIEEN DOCKETING AND TltIAL By Crimes 57 Superior Courts in Georgia January 1. 1926 - December 31. 1935 __ c Misdemeanors CRIMES AbendoI1Jl1ent Adultery and Fornioation Assault Assault and Battery Attempted Beastiality or Sodomy Total 429 297 97 816 32 Less Than 1 138 111 47 249 7 r ~ MOUTlIS 3 69 12 to to to to to to 2 3 6 - 9 - - 12 18 58 55 96 38 18 12 29 41 78 15 13 2 5 6 27 71 71 57 320 55 18 15 5 11 7 1 1 Bastardy Blaokmail and Extortion Breaking, Entering and Stealing Carrying Deadly Weapons Carrying on Lottery 62 41 148 2.129 301 16 5 5 24 73 13 6 9 6 34 66 25 16 37 21 1 657 318 260 676 104 37 32 153 67 34 38 41 Cheating and Swindling Cook E'ighting Cruelty to Children and Animals Disturbing Divine Worship Def8Jll8.tion of Virtuous Female 1,187 21 40 267 6 447 217 118 274 59 30 10 14 4 3 15 1 18 3 2 71 15 15 113 16 5 13 2 4 Escape Failure to P&y Occupational TOOt Firing Woods Gambling Hit and Run Driving 214 77 19 22 83 34 4 60 25 2 4 24 3 2 3 1 1 1 948 270 112 102 367 63 21 3 10 6 2 1 1 Interfering with Laborers Killing Farm Animals Libel Laroe~, simple Laroeny, attempted 9 5 3 3,995 49 3 1 1,164 25 2 4 5 2 308 573 1,554 210 63 55 1 8 14 1 Larce~ After Trust Malpraotice by Public Officer Malicious Mischief MailItalning Lewd House Maintaining Opium Joint 53 11 1 5 31 2 1 2 1 1 152 49 11 21 49 10 11 156 117 7 16 9 5 2 13 2 3 4 4 Mayhem Misdemeanor, blanket charge Misdemeanor, miscellaneous Obstructing Legal Process Operating Auto while Drunk 6 2 4 863 234 46 66 384 50 20 24 48 20 8 2 9 5 1 4 1 3 1,267 408 93 188 448 58 23 22 Operating Slot Maohine with Slugs 109 Peddling without Lioense 2 Peeping Tom 15 Performance of Pence Offlcor's Duty, illegally 28 Pointing Pistol at Another 257 36 30 6 29 32 1 1 4 1 1 9 12 4 5 4 11 76 32 14 99 17 5 4 Practicing Profession without Lioense Public Drunkenness Public Indecency Receiving Stolen Goods Receiving Unstamped Tobaocos 11 2,162 16 335 43 4 1 3 1 620 136 295 801 141 53 60 1 2 2 5 1 5 137 42 34 89 21 8 2 12 1 5 17 51 Removal of Mortgaged Property Resisting an Offioer Rioting Selling Mortgaged Property Shooting at Occupied Dwelling Stabbing Trespass Using Auto 111thout Owner's Consem Using Obscene Language Vagrancy Violation of Common School Law Violation of Election LllWs Violation of Professional Bondsmen's Aot Violation -of Geme Le.w Viola:l;ion of Highwtl Regulations Violation of Motor Vehiole Law Violation of Prohibition Law 48 11 122 36 40 220 58 118 263 754 21 21 6 234 18 730 7,023 10 1 27 6 13 71 14 64 79 297 13 12 58 12 221 1,946 8 3 17 2 6 14 19 44 1 3 19 7 4 11 43 2 1 51 7 2 2 1 2 2 15 9 94 22 2 6 2 7 29 12 2 13 31 4 1 22 18 101 22 5 5 150 93 197 10 1 2 1 5 1 1 1 1 5 1 1 2 1 1 2 11 8 119 18 6 6 ;1 1 2 1 69 84 272 31 12 6 523 881 2,685 482 205 135 18 to Over 24 24 10 3 5 4 6 25 2 8 37 2 2 5 27 1 3 16 2 4 6 11 57 2 1 4 35 3 7 20 1 2 1 4 6 1 1 12 44 1 1 2 1 1 5 1 1 1 1 ;) 3 4 7 4 8 1 4 31 43 123 - 62 - Table XXIII - Period Be't1reen DocketiDg and Trial (Conttd) CRIMES Violation ot Security License Law Violation ot the Sabbath Violation ot Timber La:tt Wite BeatiDg Total ldsdemeanors Total 12 16 4 86 Less Than 1 1 3 1 27 MONTHS 1 2 3 69 12 18 to to to to to to to Over 2 3 6 9 12 18 24 24 3 2 4 2 3 1 7 1 1 3 9 14 30 2 1 1 2 2,530 3,170 9,453 1,523 578 463 130 506 Felonies Assault 1il. th Intent to Murder Assault with Intent to Rape Assault with Intent to Rob Arson Bigamy Breaking and EnteriDg Vehicle Bribery Burglary DestroyiDg House with Explosives Embeulemextl: Embracery FeloI!. blanke1:r oharge Forgery , Incest Involuntary Manslaughter KidnappiDg Larc~ from Building Larc~ trom Person LaroeIJ ot Automobile LarceI! of Farm .An.i.mals LarceIJ LarceI! A:f'I;er Trust li!anufacturiDg of liquor Mayhem Misoellaneous FeloI! Murder Obtaining Money Under False Pretense Perjury PersonatiDg Another PoisoniDg Well Possessing Counterfeit Type PossessiDg Burglary Tools Rape ReceiviDg Stolen Goods Robbery Seduotion Shooting at Another Sodomy IUld BeaBtiality Violation of Banking Regulations Voluntary Manslaughter Wrecking Trains 3,?91 280 192 144 ?5 1,060 77 87 45 21 503 594 1,192 205 94 68 17 58 48 42 94 8 6 2 3 39 28 28 5 31 1 11 17 40 13 14 1 3 9 10 23 6 32 1 347 148 37 58 94 3 34 36 10 6 5 7 4 31 8,718 3,613 1,124 1,451 2,150 187 57 51 11 74 5 3 1 1 131 23 13 26 42 14 43 1 5 4 150 1,526 17 164 1 2 1 33 1 4 97 8 14 1 1 661 209 242 322 49 6 11 7 19 9 4 3 1 21 34 36 44 15 54 5 5" 1,919 65 3,243 356 19 626 27 1,926 118 7 8 20 2 1 211 387 587 40 22 18 10 11 13 2 480 348 332 81 42 12 20 31 140 20 10 5 5 23 2 5 17 12 48 25 1 9 11 2 492 128 81 61 116 40 30 20 7 9 1,450 397 53 157 497 129 91 64 26 36 1 1 24 1 6 2 13 1 1 2,073 48 90 8 6 484 284 284 304 102 50 18 10 37 15 11 20 1 1 25 14 19 23 4 4 1 1 3 3 1 1 3 1 1 4 63 335 12 2,515 74 458 81 4 22 2 14 112 2 1,060 13 175 26 4 1 13 21 13 2 46 59 92 14 32 1 3 5 1 532 379 457 30 22 14 11 3 29 4 45 83 59 89 24 11 6 21 17 15 1 1 2 2 3 5 5 3 2 1 6 1 1 20 2 3 2 9 8 5 2 1 Total Felonies 3.922 4,396 7,428 1,021 494 316 104 341 GRA,',-n TOTAL 55,588 6,452 7,566 16.881 2.544 1,072 779 234 847 *Source: MiIlute docke1:s ot 57 SUperior Courts. .1otioDS both on pleas ot guilty and Dot guilty had some relationsh1p to the l1kely ava1lab111ty ot ev1dence and commun1ty react10n to certa1n crimes. Th1s 16 further brought out by the prevalence of Bome types ot cases 1n certa1n ~ount1eB. (See Append1x E, Table 17.) For 1nstance, 1n a mounta1n county, there were no v10lat10ns of the proh1b1t10n law docketed, wh1le 1n some South Georg1a count1es, oruelty to an1mals was an 1mportant m1sdemeanor. - 63 - The solicitor general can but do his best, and it the Jury does not convict, no doubt some c other part ot the court is ~t tunctioning properly. The juries ot Georgia are composed 'ot Georgia citizens, and no ettort was made on this survey to attempt any analysis ot this phase ot court prooedure. Suttice it to say that when twelve good men and true have returned a verdict ot not guilty, adequate evidence tor conviotion was not presented. The problem remains that approximately onehalt the cases dooketed in the Superior Court resulted in oonviotions. Some have suggested that innumerable delays and oontinuances acoount in part tor this low percentage ot convictions. No doubt, the fact that often cases are not triable when first dooketed has some bearing on this problem. In those oounties where the Superior Court meets only once in six months, this is more important than in those oounties where the oourt's sessions are more trequent. Despite the tact that the Superior Court does not sit as otten as the oity oourt, it has a reoord ot relatively rapid oase disposal. In taot, or those oases whioh are to be tried, approximately 97 percent are tried within 12 months atter being brought and over a third are tried within JO days atter being dooketed. For cases in the oity oourt, a larger percentage is tried tmmedi ately upon being brou~ht, but when the longer prooedure ot the Superior Court is taken into oonsideration, its reoord for rapidity of case disposal is much better than generally supposed. The oases tried in each of several periods are shown in Table XXIII. It the speed with which a crime is tried is a oriteria ot its seriousness in the eyes of the people, perhaps there are revisions whioh should be made regarding treatment of those convicted ot oertain orimes. Charges of maintenance of a lewd house were dealt with faster than any other orime. Of the felonies, larceny of an automob1le went to trial in almost 60 percent of the cases within a month after being brought, while the capital oftenses of murder, rape, and arson otten seem to have been delayed at least one term before trial. This is in contrast with the procedure in a sister state where the law provides for the convening of special venires so that such cases can be given as rapid a trial as is consistent with public policy. In further contrast is the fact that of the 546 pending murder cases (see Table XX) on the dockets of the courts studied, 286 had been there prior to the year, 1932. The oounties selected for study by this survey are typical Georgia counties, and there is no doubt but that the Superior Court in the remaining counties of the State has the same problems as those discovered and presented in this ohapter. Eaoh of these problems is probably entwined with others not so apparent and the solution to one and all cannot be accomplished by an attaok upon a single phase of court procedure. ~ _64- C haptq.r :mr CRIMES AND SENTENCES POWERS OF THE COURT: The trial of a case in the superior and city courts is completed when a verdict is rendered, and the defendant is immediately released from custody, if it is in his favor. If, on the other hand, the verdict has been "guilty" or a "plea of guilty" made, the offender is called before the bar to receive the formal award of the court's JUdgment - the penalty prOVided by law for the criminal act of which he was convicted.(l) Wide limits are allowed in such matters, with a maximum and a minimum sentence provided for each felony, and the punishment for a misdemeanor being a fine not to exceed $1,000, imprisonment not to exceed six months, work on the chain gang not to exceed twelve months, or a combination of any or all of these.(~) It is generally accepted that this latitude of discretion is given in order that the following factors may be taken into consideration: The circumstances surroUnding the accused at the time the act was committed; the potential injury within the specific act; the environment and intellect of the accused, his previous criminal record, if any, and the possibility of his reforming and becoming a good cltizenS~ His ability to pay a fine, the financial situation of the county, the capacity of its jails, the personal feelings of the judge, and public sentiment in the community, are not proper considerations in fiXing the penalty. In determining the sentence of the accused, the JUdge, in felony cases, is assisted by the jury when one is sitting. This arm of the court can recommend mercy in a capital case and this recommendation must be fo11owed:~ For felonies punishable by terms shorter than life imprisonment, it sets the maximum and minimum sentence Ul Sec. 27-2505 at sequi; Ga. Co~e 19~ (ll Secs. 2?-2502;27-25u6 Ga. Code 19~13. (3) 60 :>K 434. (4-1 Sees. 26-1005;27-2302 Ga. Code 1933. within limits provided by law,<5) If, upon the trial of the case I the fs.cts and evidence are such that the jury considers the crime to be of minor importance only, it may recommend that the defendant be given a misdemeanor sentence~") This does not serve as a mandate to the court, and the trial JUdge may disregard it entirely and sentence the defendant for a felony. Conversely, if the jury does not recommend that the offense be punished as a misdemeanor, the judge may impose such a sentence. This method of sentence reduction is applicable to all felonies other than those specifically excepted.- Again, the jury may find the defendant innocent of the crime charged but gUi~ty of a lesser crime, the elements of which are covered in the indictment, in which case the accused receives the sentence provided for the lesser crime. For instance, the defendant may be indicted for seduction and be found guilty of adultery and fornication.(1) The former is a felony and draws a penitentiary sentence, while the latter is a misdemeanor. After the pronouncement of a misdemeanor sentence, the accused may be placed on probation, or the sentence or a part of it may be suspended.~) These privileges are granted only after a careful investigation has been made to determine if it would be feasible to allow the offender to serve his sentence outside the jail or chain gang. MISDEMEANOR SENTENCES: A misdemeanor is a crime of lesser importance and, therefore, carries a * AUTHOR'S NOTE: The following felonies cannot be reduced tv crimes of misdemee.nor grade by the method cited above; Tree.son, insurrection, murder, =slaughter, ll.ssault with intent to rape, rape, sodoIlW, foeticide, me.yhem, buming railroad bridges, train wrecking, destroying, injuring or obstructing railroads, seduction, arson, false swearing, end subornation of perjury or false swearing. (9) (5) Sec. 27-8502 ibid. (G) Sec. 27-2501 ibid. (1) 54 Ga. 389. (5) Secs.27-2'702; 27-2'706 Ga. Code 1933. ~) Sec. 27-2501 ibid. - 65 - Detention or Fine $10 or 15 days $10 or 1 month $10 or 2 months $10 or 3 months $10 or 4 months $10 or 6 months $10 or 10 months $10 or 12 months $25 or 15 days $25 or 1 month $25 or 2 months $25 or 3 months $25 or 4 months $25 or 5 months $25 or 6 months $25 or 7 months $25 or 8 months $25 or 9 months $25 or 12 months $50 or 1 month $50 or 2 months $50 or 3 months $50 or 4 months $50 or 5 months $50 or 6 months $50 or 7 months $50 or 8 months $50 or 9 months $50 or 12 months $50 or 18 months $75 or 1 month $75 or 2 months $75 or 3 months $75 or 4 months $75 or 5 months $75 or 6 months $75 or 8 months $75 or 9 months $75 or 10 months $75 or 12 months $100 or $100 or $100 or $100 or $100 or $100 or $100 or $100 or $100 or $100 or 1 month 2 months 3 months 4 months 5 months 6 months 8 months 9 months 10 months 12 months $200 or 3 $200 or 4 $200 or 5 $200 or 6 $200 or 8 $200 or 9 $200 or 10 $200 or 12 months months montl1s months months months months months $300 or 6 $300 or 8 $300 or 9 $300 or 10 $300 or 12 months months months months months $400 or 8 months $500 or 6 months $500 or 10 mouths $1000 or 6 months $1000 or 12 mouths Sub Total TABLE XXIV* SEl>l'l:-iNCES FOR CONVICTIONS OF ASSAULT AND BATTERY 57 Superior and 29 City Courts in Georgia January 1, 1926 - December 31, 1935 Numher of Cases City Court Superior Court Numher of Cases City Court Superior Court 8 - 1 1 1 1 12 6 1 2 7 1 2 1 Fine Only $10 Fine $25 Fine $50 Fine $75 Fine $100 Fine Sub Total 1 1 2 4 5 1 1 3 9 9 4 59 2 67 4 379 14 38 4 -16 49 1 4 3 --13 - 9 8 26 3 32 3 104 45 116 19 14 8 209 1 -53 4 3 5 2 21 18 1 3 1 2 -- 9 4 8 2 -4 51 14 8 6 4 1 1 1 10 9 2 6 -- 16 9 -1 2 1 38 11 15 5 3 4 20 10 Detention and Fine $10 and 6 months 2 4 $10 and 12 months 1 1 $25 and 15 days 1 $25 and 1 month 1 $25 and 2 months 4 $25 and 3 months 24 2 $25 and 4 months 5 $25 and 6 months 26 2 $25 and 8 months 1 2 $25 and 12 months 28 9 $50 and 3 months 7 1 $50 and 4 months 12 1 $50 and 6 months 28 13 $50 and 8 months 2 4 $50 and 9 months 3 $50 and 12 months 14 15 $75 and 1 month 1 $75 and 4 months 1 1 $75 and 6 months 8 7 $75 and 8 months 1 $75 and 9 months 1 $75 and 12 months 4 4 $100 and 4 months 1 $100 and 5 months 1 $100 and 6 months 3 1 $100 and 8 months 3 2 $100 and 10 months 1 $100 and 12 months 11 6 $200 and 6 months 1 1 $200 and 8 months 2 2 $200 and 12 months 2 2 $1000 and 12 months 1 2 Sub Total 201 82 2 3 2 -1- 10 2 1 1 1 2 1 1 14 8 6 1 1 1 ---2 7 8 1 2 1 1 ---- 1 1 1,450 318 Detention Only Ho Fine 15 days 9 No Fine 1 month 32 1 No Fine 2 months 27 4 No Fine 3 months 227 8 No Fine 4 months 95 4 No Fine 5 months 5 3 No Fine 6 months 417 32 No Fine 7 months 4 No Fine 8 months 42 4 No Fine 9 months 16 1 No Fine 10 months 23 2 No Fine 12 months 356 101 No Fine 18 months 6 11 Sub Total 1,259 171 GRAlID TOTAL 2,919 580 * Source: Minute dockets, Superior and City Courts - 66 - relativelY~ight sentence set by the judge in the discretion granted him under the law. In the city and superior courts, thirty crimes were studied as to the different sentenoes imposed, and little uniformity of penalties was disoover- Sentenoes for other misdemeanors varied as widely as did those for assault and battery. For some orimes there was a different sentenoe imposed for every 4.6 cases. Table XXV lists the ratio of different sentences imposed to the TABLE XXV* CRIMES TOTAL CONVICTIONS III RELATION TO THE DIFFERENT TYPE SENTENCES By Crimes 30 Misdemeanors in 29 City Courts in Georgia January 1. 1926 - December 31. 1935 Total Cases Studied Number of Different Sentences Imposed Ablmdomnent 1,703 54 Adultery and Fornication 1,924 80 Assault and Battery 2,919 118 Bastardy 586 37 Breaking and Entering Building 329 45 Carrying Deadly Weapons Carrying on Lottery Cheating and Swindling Disturbing Divine Worship Escaping 4,677 126 1,959 65 1,981 105 281 47 485 39 Gambling 3,316 84 Larcell1f. silllple 15,749 134 Larcell1f After Trust 587 70 Lewdness or Public Indecency 160 34 tIaintaining Lewd House 135 39 Malicious Mischief 446 56 l.:isdemeanor l61 74 Operating Auto while Drunk 5,693 121 Public Drunkenness 5,526 110 Receiving Stolen Goods 209 48 Receiving Unstamped Tobaccos 639 44 Stabbing 1,450 BB Trespass 165 38 Using Auto without Owner's Consent 291 63 Using Obscene Language 112 29 Vagrancy 3,850 69 Violation of Game Law 684 48 Violation of l:otor Vehicle Law 2,B31 103 Violation of Prohibition Law 30,795 143 'iiife J3e~tiIll; 694 56 *Source: Minute dockets of the City Courts. Ratio of Sentences to Cases :$1.5 24.1 24.7 15.8 7.3 37.1 30.1 18.9 6.0 12.4 39.5 117.6 8.4 4.7 3.5 8.0 10.3 47.0 50.2 4.4 14.5 16.5 4.3 4.6 3.9 55.8 14.3 27.5 215.3 12.4 ed among them. The sentences imposed for aban- city court cases studied. donment, for example, varied from a $10 fine or When setting the punishment for a misdemean- 15 days in jail to 12 months at hard labor on or, the jUdge may require that the offender pay the chain gang and 6 months in jail. Likewise, a fine or serve a detention sentence (Jailor persons convicted of disturbing divine worship were given sentences as small as 1 month in jail hard labor), or pay a fine and serve a detention sentence. Table XXVI shows the types of mis- or fines of $10, or as ~reat as 12 months in jail. For 3,499 convictions of assault and bat- demeanor sentences imposed by the superior and city courts for the crimes studied. tery, a misdemeanor of.minor import, 118 variations in sentences were made. The full extent of these, as well as the number of cases receiving such sentences, is detailed in Table XXIV. There is little relationship between the several courts in the types of sentence imposed, either in total or for individual crimes. Some jUdges lean toward the detention sentenoes, - 67 - which include hard labor on the chain gang, as tenoe in Georgia. A man may be given a $10 tine well as contineme~t in the county jail, and others appear to prefer imposing a fine, while a combination fine with detention is a frequent practioe. When this last named practice ocTABLE XXVI. TOTAL CONVICTIONS IN RELATION TO THE DIFFERENT TYPE SENTENCES By Types 30 Misdemeanors in 57 Superior and 29 City Courts in Georgia January 1, 1926 - December 31, 1935 Type of Case SuperIor Court City Court Number Peroent Number Percent Fine Only 532 2.4 Fine or Detention 11,576 517 Fine and Detention 3,093 13.8 Detention Only 7,193 32.1 301 48,511 3 533 10,090 11.8 31 ,435 34.6 TOTAL 22,394 100.0 90,937 100.0 * Source: Minute dockets of the courts. ours, often a detention sentenoe will be suspended upon the payment of the fine or the offender allowed to serve the detention sentenoe on probation. TABLE XXVII. FINE AND ALTERNATIVE FINE-DETENTION SENTENCES By Fine Imposed 30 Misdemeanors in 57 Superior and 29 City Courts in Georgia January 1, 1926 - December 31, 1935 or a detention sentence of 15 days, or he may receive a sentence ot 12 months at hard labor and 6 months in jail along with an alternative sentence ot a $10 tine. Table XXIX lists the alternative sentences imposed for the crimes studied by amount of fine and length of detention or hard labor. TABLE XXVIII. DETENTION SENTENCES By Length of Detention 30 Misdemeanors in 57 Superior and 29 City Courts in Georgia January I, 1926 - December 31, 1935 Superior Court City Court Sentence by Months Number Percent Number Percent 15 days 1 month 2 months ~ months months ~ months months 7 mOnths 8 months 9 months 10 months 12 months lS months - l~* 500 242 44 1, 163 30 100 ~ 4,101 539 - 1.4 1.7 70 3.4 .6 16.2 .5 2.2 1.4 1.2 57.0 7.4 20g 2,429 778 4-,490 2,701 8,0179~ 87 1,594 315 9, ~5941 119 .7 7.7 25 14.2 g.6 .6 257 3 5.1 1.0 25 30 . 7 .4 TOTAL 7,193 100.0 31,4-35 100.0 *Source: Minute dookets of the oourts. Superior Court City Court Amount of Fine Number Percent Number Percent 10 or Less 11 - 25 26 - 50 51 - 75 76 - 100 101 - 200 201 - ~OO ~Ol - 00 01 - 500 501 - 800 gOl - 1,000 559 2,165 6,262 1,165 *9717 182 48 40 8 11 4.6 179 51.7 9.6 8.1 5.7 1.5 .4 .31 .1 2,946 20,5451 16,340 33,, ~77~ 1,254 457 112 169 43 87 6.0 42.1 3~..55 7.5 2.0 .9 .2 .4 .1 .2 TOTAL 12,108 100.0 48,812 100.0 Source: Minute dockets of the courts. The value of convict labor is 50 per day in some places. If this were true for Georgia as a whole, where the $10 fines were assessed. those given the longer sentences were far more valuable to the county from the standpoint of labor than those given shorter sentences. It is possible that the lack of fixed relationship between fine and detention has worked an unnecessary hardship on prisoners. Not only is there no fixed relationship between the amount of fine and the length of detention, but there also There is a set relationship between the seems to be little regularity in the amount of amount of fine and the alternative jail term in the tine sentenoe imposed. This is well brought some states. In other words, the defendant is out by the wide variation in the amount ot the given a choice ot paying the tine or working out tine and the length ot detention, as shown for his tine at a specitic rate per day on the coun- any particular crime. Fifty-one and seven-tenths ty roads or other pUblic works. Little or no percent ot the superior court cases carrying relationship appears to exist between the amount tine or alternative fine-detention sentence had ot the tine and its alternative detention sen- the fine set at $50. In the city court, $25 - 68 - was tne more. prevalent amount. 'l'able XXVII lists the number of cas~!!:.c .reGeiving fines for the various amounts. It seems strange when one considers the amount of the costs, that these fines are often so small, particularly when the sentences rarely carry requirements that the defendant pay the cost in addition to the fine. made to differentiate between sentences carrYlng hard labor and those carrying confinement. The policy of the court in imposing hard labor on the chain gang, labor on the State Farm, or confinement in the county jail was determined by the physical fitness of the defendant to do hard labor, and also by the custom current in that TABLE XXIX* AJTERNATIVE FINE-DETr:J:TION SEITTENCES By Fine Imposed SO 1Jisdemeanors in 57 Superior and 29 City Courts in Georgia Janua~J 1. 1926 - December 31. 1935 Humber cf Cases CITY COURT l'ILE 15 1 TOTl.1, PERCElIT Days Mo. Eo. 3 4 5 !.:o. Mo. Mo. 6 7 Mo. Mo. 8 9 10 Mo. Mo. Mo. .~ 10 $ 25 $ 50 .~ 75 $ 100 $ 200 S 300 $ 400 to 500 ~; 600 $ 800 $1000 2,870 20,451 16,276 3,151 3,654 1,244 454 112 169 6 37 87 5.' 42.1 33.6 6.5 7.b 2.6 .9 .2 .4 .1 .2 458 1,280 186 401 148 3 270 1 16 8 124 4,701 1,448 10,362 1,204 90 1,864 19 95 59 34 964 1,118 3,071 4,679 431 5.026 42 169 109 64 74 77 210 381 34 1,434 40 354 158 77 116 144 484 251 77 1,044 8 568 76 108 12 12 85 51 17 313 11 178 9 161 5 10 33 30 3 104 1 26 42 3 3 13 1 93 1 2 78 10 1 1 10 7 9 TUi'AL 48,511 PERCENT 100.0 582 7,15~ 2,995 14,646 6,756 655 10,166 121 1,393 562 465 1.2 14.7 6.2 30.1 13.9 1.4 21.0 .2 2.8 1.2 1.0 SUPERIOR COURT $ 10 $ 25 ~ 50 ~ 75 *$ 100 200 $300 $ 400 i 500 ~ 600 $: 800 $1000 534 2,096 5,936 1,105 938 679 181 48 40 2 6 11 4.6 18.1 51.2 8.1 6.0 1.6 .4 .1 .1 36 46 327 58 2 38 5 6 88 128 665 204 19 681 1 12 3 24 'l7 142 1,685 910 252 1,997 29 124 36 21 1 31 66 22 470 32 81 41 40 2 25 7 7 232 13 41 18 33 1 5 2 65 3 33 28 9 1 1 1 18 5 3 3 6 1 1 1 1 4 1 TOT.P.1, 11,576 PERCENT 100.0 155 319 2,745 1,248 302 3,507 78 298 134 136 23.7 10.8 30.2 .7 2.6 1.2 1.2 * Source: 15inute docket.s of City and Superior Courts. 11 12 18 Mo. 110. Mo. 97 2 451 11 579 13 309 3 42 725 11 21 373 1 195 2 2 78 4 27 71 74 2.911 32 .2 6.0 .1 10 6 241 30 645 68 314 7 533 27 497 36 135 14 36 4 33 1 2 5 10 - 2,461 193 21.2 Detention sentences imposed vary as widely as fines. In the Superior Court "twelve months" is the detention given in a majority of cases. This sentence was also usual in the city court, although "six months" was given almost as often as "twelve. II Table XXXVIII lists the number of county for the utilization of conVict labor. Some counties in recent years have found it expedient to utilize the services of the State Farm in the care of misdemeanor convicts rather. than attempt the maintenance of a county chain gang. cases receiving a detention sentence in the city and superior courts together with the length of detention imposed. For the purpose of this stUdy, no effort was It is the privilege of the court when it deems it to be for the best interest of the State to combine fine and detention into one sentence. The combinations made by the Superior - 69 - and City Courts ~~r~isdemeanor cases present a strange pattern. Fines of $10 were attached to sentences up to twelve months at hard labor and six months tn jail. Since a $10 fine is usually insurfioient to pay all the accrued costs in misdemeanor cases, one wonders what good purpose than a misdemeanor and carries a heavier penalty. Crimes of this class have several grades and each has a punishment set by statute according to its seriousness in the jUdgment of the General Assembly. A few of them carry the utmost penalty which can be exacted under the Constitu- TABLE:xn:* FINJ: AND DETENTION SENTENCES By Amoun\; ot Fine aDd Length ot !Je'tention 30 J,lisdEllllflllIlOrs in 57 Superior aDd 29 City Courts FINE 1 10 $ 25 50 110705 .200 I.430000 1500 600 $1080000 TOTAL PERCENT Total 183 1,941 3,539 645 2,499 1,308 '370 6 125 40 34 10,690 Percent 1.7 18.1 33.1 6.0 23.4 12.2 3.5 .1 1.2 .4 .3 100.0 15 Days 3 4 1 8 .1 CITY C01JRT 1 2 3 4 5 :Mo. :Mo. :Mo. Mo. lilo. 6 7 8 9 10 Mo. )10'. Mo. Mo. lIlo. 12 18 Mo. 110. 19 17 32 22 .. 33 2 55 41 48 364 141 .. 638 20 60 26 586 13 6 36 128 280 12 1,950 3 113 11 9 991 3 2 22 5 3 176 159 4 8 260 2 19 6 9 1 168 1 676 .. 262 1,348 9 19 1 .. 156 8 9, 173 938 4 2 .. 4 11 350 3 51 1 - - 1 1 .. 122 40 33 1 69 122 572 460 16 3,126 15 976 85 480 4.728 33 .(l 1.1 5.4 4.3 .2 29.2 .2 9.1 .8 4.5 44.2 .3 1 10 25 50 75 $210000 1300 $ 400 $500 $ 600 $800 $1000 166 377 1,196 438 497 262 72 27 33 5 8 12 5.4 12.4 38.4 14.1 16.0 8.4 2.4 1.0 1.0 .2 .3 .4 SUPERIOR COURT 12 4 9 8 1 7 50 13 83 32 5 4 73 40 15 300 1 95 29 7 4 95 1 33 3 2 5 3 77 4 59 1 1 2 11 10 2 2 1 1 3 1 3 1 3 1 TOTAL 3,093 .. 19 18 -145 62 18 583 6 148 46 PERCENT 100.0 .6.6 4.7 2.0 .6 18.8 .2 4.8 1.5 Source: llinute dockets of the City aDd Superior Courts. 1 107 24 186 33 2 569 63 5 274 16 4 314 74 1 140 94 46 18 13 11 23 5 5 8 5 7 13 1,690 3~5 .4 54.6 11.2 can be served by the attachment of such a small tion of the state and Nation, while others carry tine to such a long detention sentence. Table only relatively short detention sentences to be XXX lists the number of misdemeanor cases in served in the penitentiary. At one time it was the c1ty an4 superior courts rece1ving tines and thought that nearly all crimes were sufficiently detent10n sentences by amount ot tine and the heinous to be worthy ot death, and the early length ot detention. Almost one-half ot these Georgia colonists could rec1te a long list for cases in the c~.y court and more than one-half which this penalty was exacted. This has now ot them in the Superior Court received detention been changed and only seven cr1mes (treason, sentences ot twelve months or longer, regardless insurrection, murder, foeticide, rape, arson, of the amount of fine attached to the sentence. and castration) may carry this heavy penalty. FELONY SENTENCES: From the standpoint of wrong Convict1on after such a charge does not always done, a felony 1s a much more serious offense mean that the maximum sentence will be imposed, .. 70 .. sinoe the statutes allow for several punishment degrees for eaech crime and,-' f or the court to be merciful in its actions. As a result, John Doe, tor some, penitentiary sentences were received in over 75 percent of the cases. The exemplary effect of the swift, sure and v1gorous punish- charged with murder, might be convicted of that ment of criminals is supposed to be a crime de- charge and sentenced to electrocution, or he may terrent. If this is true, it is likely that the be found guilty of involuntary manslaughter and effect is minimized for Georgia by the great receive a sentence of a small fine. This variety variety of punishments imposed for the same of treatment which each felony may reoeive ao- crime. Another theory regarding the penalties counts for the fact that of 2~,50~ felony oon- exacted for infractions of the law is that a victions studied, 12,022 of them oarried misde- person found guilty owes a debt to society and meanor sentences. (See Appendix F, Table 21, for pays it by incarceration or the payment of a the punishment called for in felony convic- tine. If this be true, then the inconsistencies tions. ) in the treatment given those convicted of the To many people, murder is the most grievous same and various crimes operate to nullify the of all orimes, and under the law, after conviction on such a charge, sentences of life im- efficacy of that theory. Prior to the passage of the present la~l~llowing the punishment for prisonment nr electrocution are given. When the felonies to be set by the jury, the jUdge of the evidence indicates that the defendant did not commit the crime charged, the jury may find him Superior Court set the punishment for each case aooording to the law affeoting i t .<~) The punish- guilty of a lesser crime, and this see~s to have ments set under this system varied widely for been done in a large percentage of the oases eaoh orime, and the ohange in the law was ex- where the indictment was for murder, since out pected to ourb this tendency. Evidently, the of 1569 convictions, only about one-halt ot them jury in the exercise of its present prerogatives received sentences of life imprisonment or elec- is not able to bring about the desired uniform- trooution. For people in the South, rape oar- ity of punishment. ries most ot the horrors of murder, and the su- PROBATION AND SUSPENSION SEKTENCES: For many preme penalty is usually thought too light for a years no provision was made in the law for the person so convicted. Under the law, however, the Judge to suspend the sentence of an accused. A punishment varies from that of a misdemeanor to recent enaotment of the General Assembly gives electrocution, and all types of intermediate the judge this privilege in misdemeanor cases or sentences were represented in the charges stud- felony cases in which a misdemeanor sentence is ied, with the death penalty oalled for in only given. (3) In suspending a sentence, the court does seven cases out of 22~. Considering the large not hold an indefinite threat over the head of number of murder and rape charges and the small the offender. At the end of the sentence percentage of sentences indicating the commis- period, both the sentence and the threat come to sion of these crimes, it may be worthy of note an end automatically if the oonduct of the de- that the fee allowed for the prosecution of a fendant has been good. On the other hand, if capital offense is $50, whereas that for other the offender is arrested on another oharge, sus- felonies 19 $25. pension may be revoked, but even in such cases, Punishment for other felonies varied almost at the end of 12 months from the date set for as widely as for the two crimes discussed. In the beginning of the suspended sentenoe, the of- some of them the peroentage receiving misdemean- or sentences was 75 percent. On the other hand, (l)p. 387. Acts of 1919. (ZlSecs. 1062;1063 Code 1910. P. C. (~Sec. 22-2701 Ga. Code 1933. - 71 - TABLE XXXI* PROBATION AND SUSPENSION SENTENCES IN RELATION TO THE TOTAL SENTENCES IMPOSI1D City and Superior Courts of 57 Georgia Counties --0 January 1. 1926 - December :31. 1935 County City Courts Misdemeanor Cases Sentences Probated and Suspended Total Number peroem Superior Courts Misdemeanor Cases Semences Probated and Suspended Total Number Peroent Felony Cases Given Misdemeanor Sentences Probated and Suspended Total Number Peroent Appling Atkinson Bacon Banks Baker 366 ** 54 - -14.8 88 131 42 30 121 ** ** -53 - --43.8 38 45 221 12 1 77 Ben Hill Berrien Bibb . .*'"* 4,860 -- 1,195 -- 994 403 24.6 284 419 128 43 Brantley 221 50 22.6 149 39 Bullooh 1,449 172 11.9 372 118 47.7 16 22.9 31 31.6 34 2.2 28 34.8 80 42.2 179 31.8 98 15.1 346 26.2 37 31.7 ~03 7 43.8 9 29.0 9 26.5 2 7.2 39 48.8 83 46.4 20 20.4 87 25.1 2 5.4 39 19.2 Burke Calhoun Camden Carroll Chatham 1.232 *'" *'" 1.686 5,582 -402 - --32.6 36 265 99 329 19.5 30 361 6.5 70 20 55.6 139 90 34.0 69 -34 -34.3 31 64 14 20.0 352 69 49.6 6 8.7 8 25.8 12 18.8 20 5.7 Chattooga 247 45 18.2 659 167 Clarke Clay Clinch Cobb 1.092 118 "'''' "'''' --255 - --23.4 - 212 119 143 3,871 23 14 26 304 25.3 105 10.8 76 11.8 15 18.2 38 7.9 230 44 41.9 25 32.9 2 13.3 5 13.2 34 14.8 Coffee Coweta Crisp Dawson DeKalb 825 2.268 "'* 5.46"'9''' 78 7-7- 1,173 9.5 --3.4 21.4 52 44 1.270 197 137 -5 -337 44 -9.6 46 122 -26.5 206 31 32.1 295 9 19.6 4 3.3 -58 -28.2 223 75.6 Dodge Dougherty Eoho1s Floyd Fulton Gilmer Glynn Greene Habersham Heard Houston Jeff Davis Jenkins Liberty Lowndes 1.611 1.648 2.29"'9''' 45.452 "'* 1.175 ** ** ** ** ** 914 209 1,435 201 -125 516 7,342 - 21---4 --61 299 12.5 -7.6 22.4 16.2 ---18.2 -- -6.7 20.8 75 253 5 1.238 3,182 244 66 381 636 180 592 223 163 27 130 14 -86 499 1.241 61 16 -91 14 61 101 12 2 33 18.7 -34.0 40.3 39.0 25.0 24.2 -23 .9 7.8 10.3 45.3 7.4 7.4 25.4 141 368 3 287 4,563 103 128 109 172 64 160 43 111 40 82 28 -70 92 2.074 37 31 -28 9 21 15 16 2 27 19.9 -19.0 32.1 45.5 35.9 24.2 -25.7 14.1 13.1 34.9 14.4 5.0 32.9 MoIntosh 142 15 10.6 131 6 Madison 755 45 6.0 10 4 Meriwether 535 222 41.5 73 6 Mitchell 1,110 167 15.0 150 48 Muscogee 5.763 825 14.3 1.474 721 4.6 16 40.0 25 -3 8.2 66 15 32.0 63 11 48.9 845 268 Peach Randolph ** ** -- -- 603 688 76 337 Riohmond Taliaferro Taylor 1.943 ** ** --788 --40.6 41 131 276 15 13 51 12.6 78 18 49.0 116 34 36.6 681 321 9.9 20 5 18 .5 71 14 Telfair Tift Troup Upson Ware ** ** 1,414 ** *** -- -- 465 425 146 43 --85 --6.0 60 680 65 2 19 11 31.4 105 10.1 95 3.3 175 2.8 122 16.9 117 21 11 20 6 24 Wheeler Wilkes ** ** -- -- 388 328 87 85 22.4 54 25.9 148 11 46 TOTAL 91,941 15,149 16.5 23,312 5.888 - - 25.3 12,042 **** 4,094 *Source: fuinute dockets. Superior and City Courts. **No city oourts in operation. ***City court not studied. ****6 felonies involving 20 cases included in this table are not included in figures on page 71. -18.8 22.7 17.5 31.7 23.1 29.3 47.1 25.0 19.7 20.0 11.6 11.4 4.9 20.5 20.4 31.1 34.0 - 72 - fender has g~~p~eted that sentence. In practice*, impose maximum penalties for offenders whose the difference .between p~~9ing the offender on previous records indicate that they have not probation and giving him a suspended sentence taken advantage of opportunities to reform~ consists in the fact that a person on probation It is expected, when a verdict of gUilty has must report at stated intervals to the probation been received or a plea of guilty made, that the officer of the court in which he was sentenced. In Georgia, probation officers hold their commission through special appointment by the Judge of the court, and mayor may not be fUll-time officers, skilled or experienced in the task be- TABLE XXXII* RECIDIVIST CASES In Five Georgia Counties January I, 1926 - December 31, 1935 Total Cases ~tal Recidivist Cases County Reviewed Number Percent fore them. In some courts, it is customary to appoint the sheriff as probation officer, and this buey official, unless he has specially ap- Clarke Crisp Floyd Jenkins Troup 732 53g 6,910 2,203 3,11g pointed deputies in his office, finds probation TOTAL l,g52 cases Just another duty on a long list of some- *Source: Dockets of the City and Superior Courts times very pressing ones. Some of the larger counties have a separate department for the care of probation cases, and it is likely that probation in such counties means considerably more, both in the welfare of the county and in the life of the individual under such care, than it does in those counties where there are only casual officers. Table XXXI lists the probation and suspension sentences granted by the city and superior courts studied. The value of probation and suspended sentences to the body politic is measured in the reform and good citizenship of former offenders. To the individual the value consists in a new lease on life and a chance to rebuild his respect in the community in which he lives. In some counties probation and suspended sentences have been revoked at frequent intervals by the court authorities, while in other counties, it is rare that such action is taken. Often, however, no record is made by the court of its actions in such matters, and the complete value of suspension and probation to society and to its indiviuual citizens could not be ascertained. REDICIVISM: In contrast to the action of the court in suspending the sentences or placing the offender on probation, the courts of Georgia may " AUTHOR'S NOTE: Under the law. suspended and probated cases are idGntico.l. solicitor-general will inform the court of the offender's criminal history. This task, if carried out in minute detail, would entail more satisfactory criminal records than are now provided the solicitor-general. In order for him to keep a complete record of each criminal, it would be necessary to have an index file giving full details of pertinent circumstances, connected with each criminal's life. This would allow the SOlicitor-general to present the court with fair and accurate information regarding the offender's life. At the present time, the sole record which most solicitors have ie the minute docket of the superior court. Often this record contains such a paucity of detail that any recommendation Which might be made is likely to be biased and not entirely correct. Much criticism has been raised regarding light sentences, probation and suspension, as well as the privilege of the chief executive in pardoning and paroling persons sentenced to the state penitentiary. The answer to such criticism rests partially in the number of recidivists before the courts. spot studies were made in five counties with a view toward determining the persons constantly before the superior and city courts. It is likely that the information gathered on these is not entirely acourate, but - 7"3 - it serTes as an indioator ot this phase ot the court's business. Table XXXII lists the sample secured trom each county, afong with the percentage ot recidivism' indicated by the sample. It the sentence given serves as a deterrent for turther crime, the percentage ot recidivism in the court should be very small. On the other hand, large percentages of recidivism indicate that the court and other attendant teatures of government are likely not solving the orime problems ot the looality. In theory, the individual starts his criminal career by doing petty thing8 of a questionable nature and gradually grows into a hardened criminal. This theory explodes of its own weight when the criminal histories of the reoidivists uncovered by this study are shown. Many ot them started their oareers betore the courts with orimes of major importanoe and ended their oareers with suoh nuisanoe orimes as cheating and swindling and simple laroeny. On the other hand, there are criminals whose oareers rise to a great peak and end their days lerving long terms in the state penitentiary. (See Appendix F tor typioal oasel.) BAUKES LAW: Some years ago New York State attempted to solve its problem ot recidivism by passing the Baumes Law, whioh, among other things, reqUired the JUdge to sentence tour-time felony offenders to life imprisonment. The theory behind this aot is that the man so oonvicted does not reoeive punishment but that sooiety reoeives proteotion. Theoretioal1y, the man who has been oonvioted two or three times and served his sentenoe and then resumes a oriminal oareer oannot learn his lesson and is inourable and non-retormable. In the eyes of some, he is anti-sooia1, a habitual oriminal, and a menaoe to sooiety, and should be segregated for the good of sooiety and tor his own good as well. The law operated as to11ows: 1. After arrest upon a felony oharge, the fingerprints of the aooused were oompared with those on reoord. If he wal found to have a orimina1 rSQord, thil tact was su~itted to the trial Judge betore bail was allowed. It a previous oonviotion upon a felony oharge was shown, bail was allowed only atter the oase had been reviewed by an appellate oourt. 2. One oommitting robbery faoed from 15 years to life imprisonment instead ot two years minimum and 20 years maximum. 3. For burglary in the first degree, the sentence wasinoreased trom 10 to 15 years; tor seoond degree, to 10 to 15 years, and for third degree, trom five to ten years. ~. Persons oonvioted of crime were no longer allowed to be released atter serving little more than halt their sentence, but must serve at least tivesixths ot their term. 5. It a person armed with a pistol, or other deadly weapon, committed a felony, punishment in addition to that tor the orime was added as follows: For the tirst offense, from tive to ten years; tor the second, trom 10 to 15 years; tor the third, trom 15 to 25 years; and for the tourth, life imprisonment. Suoh persons were oonsidered potential murderers and were denied the privi1eg~s of probation and suspension ot sentenoe. 6. If a man were oonvioted of four fel- onies, he was sentenced to prison tor life. This was mandatory, and required oonfinement for the prisoner's natural life. Whether or not this partiou1ar law was ever given an adequate sooial test is problematical. It has remained on the statute books for sometime, but has been changed b.Y reoent legislation in that State so that its provisions are not now so harsh as they were originally. Sooial minded individuals have heralded the law both as a boon and as a ourse - whioh it is, is yet to be proved. There are, however, some advantages in the provisions which demand that the second, third, and fourth time offender be given more stringent punishment than tor a first offense. The provision on Georgia statute books allowing the previous criminal reoord of an individual to be oonsidered by the oourt in passing sentenoe is in part a type ot Baumes Law. Before, however, the oourts oan make adequate use of the existing provisions, the reoord system must be designed so that the ~ourt will have accurate information on which to sentence the prisoner at the bar. - 7'" - ChaptlZr JmI THE ApPELLATE (OURTS When a defendant has been sentenced and is dissatisfied with the proceedings of the trial court, he may have them reviewed by a court of competent jurisdiction. In Georgia, provision is made for a direct appeal to the Supreme Court in cases of conviction of capital felony; for review by the Court of Appeals in other cases; and for certiorari to the superior courts for cases arising in inferior tribunals ~') The Supreme Court, as the capstone of the State1s jUdicial system, has final review on jurisdictional ques- tions and its decisions are binding on all other courts. (~) It gained its present status by the Constitution of lS77 13J and sUbsequent amendments thereto;~ which were the last of a series of changes which had taken place since the establishment of the court in 19l.j.5.l51 A supreme court was not a part of the original jUdiciary, because those who framed the first Georgia Constitution felt that such a court would enshackle the State with (v JUOICIAL DISTniCTS OF TilE SUPElllOIl CoUllT COURT OF ApPE"lS AND SUPDEME COURT STATE OF GEORG'IA JANUARY I. 19'Z6 - DECEMflER'3I. \q35 [JJJ P~Q CENTS FQOM 0.0 THQOUGH 11.4 ~ Pm CENTS FQOM 12.5 THDOUGII \7. \ -~ PEll CENTS FQOM 17.7 THllOUGIl 7.1.6 PER CENTS FROM 11.9 THllOUGH 7(,.5 ~ ~ PEll CENTS FROM lb.' AND OveQ MAP No.TIl - 7l! - Chapt~r IX PROCEDURE AFTER SENTENCE THE ROLE OF THE PRISON COMMISSION: When a de- an arrangement whereby any individual who pre- fendant has received a felony sentence, he is sented satisfactory means of so doing could delivered into the custody of the sheriff. It lease from the State such convicts as he de- then becomes the duty of the clerk of the court sired. The leased prisoners were fed, clothed, in which the case was tried to notify the Prison Commission of such conviction and that the con- (l) vict is being held subject to its instructions. and housed by the lessee and labored for him. This practice had been in vogue since 1874,(11) and seems to have been designed as a substitute for Upon the order of this body, the sheriff deliv- the state penitentiary. The Governor leased the ers prisoners in his custody to the designated convicts, and the head keeper of the penitenti- institutions.{ZlThey may be turned over to any ary was charged with seeing that all of them county on the request of its proper officer and lived and worked under humane conditions.LUE DIDErE: ; I)D.UNSWICK 8 CHl>.iiAAOOcwEE 9 C~ED.OKEE 10 CORDELE " COWETA 1'2 Due-LIN 1'3 EASTERN 14 fLINT 15 crD.IFFIN 16 MACON 11 MIDDLE 18 Norm~EASTEIl.N '9 NOlITHERN '20 OCMULG-EE '21 OCONEE '2'206EECHEE n PI>.,.I>.ULA '24 PIEDMONT '25 !lOME '26 STONE MOUNTAIN 21 SoUTHERN '28 SoUTHWESTERN 'l9 TALLAPOOSA 30 TIFTON 31 TOOMM 3'2 WI>.YCD.OSS '33 WE5TEIl.N . OtOR6IA CoDf. \Q33 f '''2~ ~_": MAP No-TIl - 84 - Chapt. (~)p. 49, Acts of 1835. 18, Acts of 1845. - 91 - into effect t~~ c~nstitutional amendment of December 22,1835, and provida!!orthe organization of the Supreme Court, with three jUdgee to be elected at that session of the General Assembly, and commissioned by the Governor Within twenty days after election. THE CONSTITUTION OF 1861: The Constitution of 1861 provided that the judicial powers of this State shall be vested in a supreme court for the correction of errors in law and equity from the "superior, inferior, ordinary and justices courts, and in such other courts as have been, or may be, established by law." The Supreme Court consisted of three jUdges, to be appointed by the Governor, with the advice and consent of two-thirds of the Senate, for such terms as might be prescribed by law, "removable by the Governor on the address of two-thirds of each branch of the General Assembly, or by impeachment and conviction thereon." Judges of the Superior Court were appointed in the dame manner as judges of the Supreme Court from the circuits they were to serve, for terms of four years. That court r~d exclusive jurisdiction of divorce cases (total divorces to be granted only on two concurrent verdicts of juries); of criminal cases, except as relates to persons of color, and minor offenses by free white persons; of cases respecting titles to land, to be tried in the county Where the land lies; and of equity cases. It had appellate jurisdiction of such cases as might be provided by law; power to correct errors in inferior judicatories by writs of certiorari; to grant new trials in the superior court; to issue writs of mandamus, prohibition, scire facias; and all other writs necessary to carry its powers into effect. The Superior and Inferior Courts were given concurrent jurisdiction in all other civil causes, eaoh to sit twice yearly in each county. The justices of the inferior courts and justicea of the peace were elected by the people. '!'he powers of a court of ordinary and probate were vested in an ordinary for each county, elected by the people for terms of four years. The right of appeal from this court lay to the Superior Court. THE CONSTITUTION OF 1865: The judicial system under the Constitution of 1865 was substantially the same as under the Constitution of 1861. The Supreme Court judges were elected by the General Assembly for such terms of years - not less than six - as should be prescribed by law, for the correction of errors of law and equity from the Superior Courts, and from the ci~y courts of Savannah and Augusta, and such other like courts as might be thereafter established in other cities. There were two terms of the court yearly, and all cases were required to be disposed of at the first or second term. The jUdges of the Superior Courts were made elective by the people, for terms of four years, vacancies to be filled as provided "by the laws of force prior to January 1, 1861." The jurisdictional provision in the Constitution of 1861 relating to persons of color was omitted. There were no substantial changes in the Constitution and jurisdiction of the other courts. THE CONSTITUTION OF 1868: The Constitution of 1868 vested the judicial powers of the state II in a supreme court, superior courts, courts of ordinary, justices of the peace, commissioned notaries publiC, and such other courts" as had been or might be established by law. JUdges of the Supreme Court were appointed by the Governor, with the consent of the Senate, for terms of twelve years. Their jurisdiction was the same as prescribed under the Constitution of 1865. JUdges of the Superior Court were appointed in the same manner as supreme court jUdges, for terms of eight years. Their jurisdiction was substantially the same as under the previous oonstitution. The General Assembly was authorized to merge the common law and equity jurisdiction in the same court. Inferior oourts - 92 - were abolished, their business to be transterred to such tribunals as the legislature should direot. Justioes oourts were oontinued, with jurisdiotion in oivil OBses not exoeeding one hundred dollars. If the amount involved were more than fifty dollars, an appeal lay to the Superior Court. Until otherwise provided, a district court was established for each senatorial district to sit in each county of the district not less than once a month with authority to try criminal cases less than capital on written accusation founded on affidavit without a jury, unless demanded by the defendant when the jury should consist of seven; and with suoh oivil jurisdiotion as might be oonferred upon it by the General Assembly. By Aot of October 2g, l870~1) district courts were established and their jurisdiction defined; but that Aot was repealed over the Governor's veto by Act ot December 7, 1971:'2) THE CONSTITUTION OF 1877: The Constitution ot 1977 continued the judicial system of the State substantially as it had existed under the Constitution of 186g. The terms of supreme court justices (so-called under this Constitution) were reduced to six years, and those of superior court JUdges to four years. The provision for district courts was omi~ted. The General Assembly was authorized to conter upon the courts of common law the powers previously exercised by courts of equity, which was done by the uniform procedure act of Ootober 2, 1997~) That had not been done under the authority of the Constitution ot 1868. Total divoroes required two verdicts ot juries at different ~erms ot the oourt. The legislature posed amendments to the Constitution increasing the number of justioes ot the Supreme Court from three to five. The proposal of 1887 failed ot rat1tioation.* In his resignation of the offioe ot Chiet Justioe, tendered to the Governor October 13, l89~, Chief Justice Logan E. Bleckley declared that the business of the Supreme Court had become too heavy to be adequately handled and disposed of by three justices, and added: "The fact has also been twice recognized by the General Assembly, and a constitutional amend~ent to increase the number from three to five has been twioe proposed and submitted to the people for ratification," who IIhave twioe rejected the amendment by a decisive vote against it. 1I On December 16, 1995, the General Assembly proposed an amendment to the Constitution inoreasing the number of supreme court justices from three to six, the justices to be elected by the people. The Aot of proposal direoted that those votini for the amendment should have printed on their ballots the words, IIFor Supreme Court Amendment"; ann those voting against it, the words, "Against Supreme Court Amendment. II As thus submitted the proposed amendment was ratitied by the people at the general election of October 7, 1895. An Act of December 17, (~) 1896, provided for the reorganization of the Supreme Court in accordance with that amendment. By amendment to the Constitution, proposed in ~897,(1) and ratified at the general election of October 5, 1898, judges of the Superior court were to be elected by the people. On July 31, 1906;~ the General Assembly proposed an amendment to the Constitution creating * AUTHOR'S NOTE: A note to Seotion 2-3001. Code o 1933. and a. pllmphlet in the Sta.te Library dealing with Constitutional AmendJnl3nts. state that there is no record of the submission of the proposal of 1893 to the people. But the report of a House Committee of 1894. dtla1ing with another proposal of the sema kind. said : "As this question has only recently been submitted to the people it is deemed advisable not to immediately resubmit the same question." (~ (1) p. 32. Acts of 1870. ~)p. 68. Acts of 1871-72. (: p. 64. Ads of 1887. (4.) p. 25. ibid. (!lip. 17. Act. of 1893. \Q p. 42. Acts or 1896. (1) p. 16. Acts of 1897. \el p. 24. Acts of 1906. (9) pp. 37600S76. House Journals. 1894. - 93 - the Court ot A~peals, with three JUdges. The proposal was ratiti~d at the g!~eral election ot October 3, 1906, and its tirst JUdges were eleoted November 6, 1906. The amendment detined the class ot cases appealable to the Supreme Court and to the Court ot Appeals and authorized the Court ot Appeals to certity questions ot law to the Supreme Court tor instructions, which instructions when given are binding on the Court ot Appeals. An amendment ot August 19, 1916, increased the number of judges trom three to six. In 19l2~) the General Assembly proposed an amendment to the Constitution authorizing the abolition ot justices' courts in certain cities, which was ratified at the gensral election ot October 2, 1912. That provision has been broadened by subsequent amendments ratified on November 3, 1914-, November 6, 1918, November 6, 1928, and November 8, 1932. By virtue ot those amendments to the Constitution, municipal courts have been established in Atlanta, Augusta, Columbus, Macon, and Savannah, with tive judges ot the Municipal Court of Atlanta (Fulton Division), and one tor the Municipal Court of Atlanta (DeKa1b Division); three JUdges for the Municipal Court ot Savannah; and one judge each tor the Municipal Courts of Macon, Augusta, and Columbus. These courts are not of uniform jurisdiction. CONCLUSION: The simple judicial system with which the Colony ot Georgia was projected in 1733 has developed in two hundred years into the State's present broad and complicated system. For the correction of errors, the State has the Supreme Court with six justices, and the Court ot Appeals with six JUdges sitting in two divisions. There are 181 publiehed volumes ot Supreme Court decisions, and 51 volumes ot Court ot Appeals decisions, and each set is increasing at the rate of about two yearly. There are 39 superior court JUdges in the (I) p. 30. Acts of 1912. State presiding over the superior courts of its 159 counties; and there are 64 city court judges, presiding over as many city courts, with jurisdiction of var10us amounts and with ditterent rules of practice. An Act ot January 19, 1972,m SUbsequently amended, provides tor the creation ot county courts upon the recommendation of the grand jury, except in Walton County and those counties haVing a city court or county court then existing. These oourts have common law jurisdiction ot cases of contract and tort, where the principal sum claimed doesnot exceed tive hundred dollars, and ot misdemeanors. Where the principal sum claimed exceeds fifty dollars, the right ot appeal to the Superior Court exists. There are a number of these courts in the State. There is a Court ot Ordinary in each county of the State exercising jurisdiction of estates ot deceased persons, minors and lunatics, with other statutory authority. In each militia district of the State there is a justice's court and a Notary Public, exofticio Justice's court; the justices of the peace being elected by the people ot their respective districts; and the Notaries Public, exofficio justices of the peace, being appointed by the judges of the superior courts on nomination ot the grand jury. Other statutory courts have been established with varied jurisdiction for the trial of civil and misdemeanor cases. The Criminal Court ot Fulton County is a type ot these courts. It tries misdemeanor cases only, and is assisted by the judges ot the Municipal Court of Atlanta. Other courts ot the kind have both civil and criminal jurisdiction. A radical departure trom the tormer method ot handling certain classes ot personal injury cases may be found in the Act of August 17, 1920, known as the Georgia Workmen's Compensation Act. That Act was benevolent in purpose, ~)p. 288, Acts of 1871-72 - 94 - and not only oreated a speolal court for the easy and speedy_, adjudlcat.;on of personal lnjury oases by employees agalnst employers, but had as lts purpose the establlshment of a more humanltarlan rule of declslon ln such cases. Under lt the amounts recoverable ln some cases may not be as large as mlght otherwlse have been posslble, yet recovery may be had under circumstances whlch would not have been posslble under the general law. For 175 years no legls1atlve polloy was Inaugurated in Georgla looklng toward the rehabllltatlon of the character of persons charged wlth orlme. Such cases were not vlewed as soclal problems, to be dealt wlth as such. Persons convlcted of crlme were regarded as a menace to soolety, to be punlshed for their orlmes, that they themselves, as well as others by thelr example, mlght be deterred from commlttlng orimes ln the future. Hence, long terms of punlshment - longer than are now deemed neoessarywere the rule. On September 4, 1906,(1) the legls1ature es- (I) p. 1107. Ac-ts of 1908. tabllshed ohildren's oourts as branches of the superior oourts. But on August 14, 1915;2) the supreme oourt held that Act to be unconstltutlonal. Subsequently, the legls1ature passed the Aots of August 16, 1915, and of August 19, 1916, whlch provlded for juvenl1e oourts ln each oounty of the State, wlth jurlsdlotlon over de11nquent ohl1dren under slxteen years of age. Juvenile Courts have been establlshed under these Acts, the larger oountles having salaried jUdges and pald probatlon offloers. Those oourts are doing the most oonstructlve work of any in the State. That of Fulton County alone handles 200 oases monthly. In 1913, 180 years after the foundlng of the Colony, the legls1ature provlded for the probatlon of adult offenders.l~) In pursuanoe of that Aot, the larger oountles have establlshed adult probatlon offlces, wlth salarled offloers; and in the smaller oounties the courts are probatlng offenders to the oare of indivlduals who are willing to assume that obllgatlon without pay. (1)143 Ga 822. Law VB lIccord. ~p. 112. Acts of 1913. - 95 - ChaptfaXI b.PENSE OF T~E GEORG-IA COUR.T SYSTEM Among the most pertinent questions raised by a tax payer regarding any funotion of government are the efficiency of its operation and the cost to him. Preceding chapters have detailed the operation of the criminal courts, and in this chapter. effort will be made to discuss vital features affecting the cost of the present system. The criminal courts of Georgia are maintained by revenues from the state treasury, from county treasuries, and from direot fees and assessed costs paid by those convicted in the courts. Although effort has been made to reward each official in proportion to the value of service which he renders, there is a wide variation throughout the state in the amounts paid for similar service. Some officers are paid salaries by the State, others receive payment from the county. and the large majority receive remuneration on a fee basis. Due to the fact that no oompilation of these costs is made annually, and that. so few counties handle the expenditures for the judicial system in the same manner, it is impossible to determine with any degree of accuraoy the actual costs of the courts to the people of Georgia. The purpose of this chapter is, therefore, to give an epitome of some of the items of expenditure for whioh direct provision is made in the Code, and from which it may be possible to estimate the cost of a speoifio court in a given locality, rather than an attempt to arrive at the actual cost of orime t~ the State. For the operation of each oriminal court of trial grade, it is necessary to have a JUdge, a prosecutor, a olerk, and an exeoutive offioer. These four constitute the irreduoible minimum, but only rarely oan a trial oourt funotiorl with suoh a skeleton staff. When oourt is opened, usually all officials oall for suoh assistants as may be neoessary and for whioh provision is made by law. For inferior courts, the number is relatively small, but for Superior Court operations, to the above named essential officers, there must be added bailiffs, grand jurors, petit jurors, and a reporter, as well as witnesses for the State, and usually, tales jurors. It is qUite likely, therefore, at any session of the Superior Court, that more than fifty persons will have to be paid for services therein, and otten this number will be greatly augmented for the trial of an important case. The only trial oourt offioers whioh universally reoeive salaries from the State treasury are JUdges and solicitors general of the Superior Court:U In the county and oity courts, the looal governments pay suoh officers as are on salary~) while, for the Court of Appeals and Su- (3) preme Court, all oosts are borne by the State, and oourts of inquiry are supported by fees alone:~ Provision is made in the Code for Superior Court JUdges to reoeive $5,000 from the State, but in some of the larger counties, this salary is supplemented by an additional amount from the oounty treasury (see Appendix E, Exhib- it 5). The result is that not even judges of the Superior Court reoeive uniform remuneration. There is an even wider variation among the judges of the inferior oourts where the range is from $600 to $9,OOO~) It is true that meager emoluments are paid in the smaller oounties, while full time judges in the populous oounties reoeive salaries somewhat commensurate with that of the JUdges of the Superior Court, but suoh does not acopunt in full for the salary differenoes. Some I}alarie~:, "ere set by ths General Assembly and som6 by the ~~erning bodies of the several oounties, and no effort has been made to (ll Sees. 2-4001;24-2606;24-2904 Ga. Code 1933. (2) See Various Acts Creating City Courts. (3) Sees. 24-4005;24-3503 Ga. Code 19~3. (4.> Sec. 24-1601 ibid. ~) See Various Acts Creating City Courts. 97 - establish uniformity. the case may be lateJ:' nol'prossed, which event The same praotioes exist -~~ regard to the entitle~ him to a fee ot twenty-five oents.~' proseouti~ offioers in the oity, oounty, and The differenoe in the fee allowed for a fel- superior oourts, even though in the latter oourt ony oharge and a misdemeanor oharge has given an annual salary of $250 is provided from the rise to a critioism that some solioitors have State treasury~~ This amount is supplemented by attempted to obtain felony indiotments regard- fees paid by the State if it beoomes neoessary less of the gravity of the offense involved. The for a oase to be litigated in the appellate oourts~) Solicitors in the city oourt are paid speoial treatment given b,y the legislature to oharges ot "assault with intent to murder", either from the county treasuries or on a fee whioh are reduoed upon trial to misdemeanor basis. When this latter is the case, the same orimes, may have been adopted to ourb suoh prac- fees are paid them as are provided by law tor tioes if they ever e~isted. In the oounties the solicitor general (prosecutor of the Superior Court);~ In many circuits, it has been found studied, there were 6,130 oharges ot assault with intent to murder, in whioh 3,791 oame to advisable to place that officer on salary and trial. Conviotions of the orime charged result- have the tees otherwise due him paid into the ed in 1,065 oases, and oonviotion of "assault oounty treasury, but even then, the salaries and battery' or of a aisdemeanor resulted in have not been uniform. It is customary where a 1,822 cases. The peroentage given misdemeanor ohange from tees to salaries has been made that punishment is muoh greater than the average for eaoh oounty of the circuit oontribute a prede- all orimes a8 shown by Appendix F, Table 21 termined amount to the salary of the solioitor (table of felony punishments) general, but that amount has not always been in Most of the clerks of the Superior Court are proportion to the time and servioes rendered the several oounties of the oirouit. The number of oompensated by fees, but a few reoeive salaries (~ whioh vary from $2,400 to $9,000 per year. As those on salary has been inoreased until now al- in the case of the solioitor general, when the most one-half or them are paid b,y this method. olerk is paid a salary, fees whioh would other- Fees for this offioe vary with the duty pertormed. For every prosecution of a oapital of- wise aoorue to him are paid into the general funds of the oounty:~ The fees to whioh a olerk fense, a solicitor general is entitled to a fee is entitled in a oriminal oase total $6.00 for of $50.00; for the prosecution of any other fel- eaoh oase brought to trial, to plea of guilty, ony or of the charge of gaming, to the point of or to settlement; $3.00 for each case in whioh a trial or to a plea of guilty, he may reoeivea nol pros is entered; and fifteen oents per hun- tee of $25.00. An exception to this is made in dred worde of transoribed evidenoe!1) In oounties the case of an indictment for "assault with in- having a population of less than 50,000, the tent to murder" and oonviction of "assault and battery" or "simple assault", in which case the fee is $5.00. An equal fee is allowed for the olerk is entitled to $5.00 for eaoh day's at- . tendanoe at oourt!ro Exoept in the large oity oounties, the olerks of the Superior Court are prosecution of all other oases to trial or to usually ex-ofticio olerke of the city or oounty plea of guilty. In addition, the solioitor gen- oourts, but where the two officers are separated eral may col1eot $5.00 for each indiotment or and the olerk of the Superior Court reoeives a presentment made by the grand jury, ~) See Various Acts Creating City Courts. (~ Sec. 24-2906 ibid. (~) See Various Acts Creating City Courts. even though (<\.1 Sec. 24-2904 ibid. (5) See Various Ac1;s Relating 1;0 Coun1;y Officers. (b) ibid. (1) Sec. 24-2727 Ga. Code 1933. (6) Sec. 24-2228 1b1d. - 98 - salary, the corresponding officer of the inferi- or oourt - Is generally paid a oommensurate sal- ary. The fees' in the inferior oourts are the same as in the Superior Court for the olerk, as well as for the solicitor.(l) Except in the larger counties, the sheriff is usually a fee paid officer. With one or two exceptions, he serves all the trial courts of his county, and when on salary, the double duty is taken into oonsideration. Due to the difference in law enforcement problems within the several larger counties, no uniformity of salaries exists for the sheriff or his under-deputies. The fees, however, are uniform throughout the State, and in criminal cases are:~) Removing prisoner 'When habeas corpus is sought for his release. . .'. . . . . . . . . . . . Remo;ing pr~sone~ under habeas corpus, when no 1IU1eage J.s paJ.d . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Personal services rendered out of the county on authorized official business. per da~ . . Attending person taken bor _rrant to judge' 5 chamber for each ti~e. . . . . . . . . Conducting prisoner before judge or court to and from jail. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Executing and returning a bench warrant. . . fpprehending a person suspected, if conmtittcd or held to bail . . . . . . . . . . . . . Each person, not exceeding two, who may be em- ployed to guard a prisoner to and from jail, per day ....... Summoning each witness Taking bonds in criminal cases. Executing a criill.nal . . . . . Executing a 'I're.rrant of escape.. . . . . . . Services in every criminal case before a judge or " judge and jury. . . . . . . 11.25 . 2.00 1.25 3.00 3.00 1.50 .50 . 2.00 .10.00 1.00 2.00 In addition to his duties as executive officer of the court, the sheriff is generally jailor of his county.(3) In this office, he receives a turnkey fee of sixty cents for admission, release, or conducting a prisoner before the court, as well as monies for feeding prisoners, which are set by the governing body of t~e county and paid from its general fund.~ Attached to each Superior Court is a reporter: who, for counties where the court is in constant session, is paid a salary ,rs and tor the other counties, receives fees trom the county treasury upon order of the jUdge ?f the court.(,.) For the trial oourts, juries are prOVided and serve such times as called for by the jUdge. In the city court, the number of jurors necessary to constitute a trial panel varies with the specific court and may be as few as five or as great as twelve.tll The trial panel in the Superior Court varies with the type of cases, 48 juro~s being allowed for felony cases, and only 24 for misdemeanors. If, for any reason, the number of jurors on the trial panel is reduced below the necessary size, the jUdge may order the sheriff to supplement the panel by tales jurora~ These are summoned for a special case, and serve through an emergency. Each juror is paid a per diem for service he renders which may consist of either merely reporting ready for duty or in hearing numerous caaea. In the city court, except for aome of the larger centers, a jury is not convened until after one has been demanded in the trial of a case, while in the Superior Court, both the trial jury and the grand jury report at the opening of the session. The trial jury will likely remain until court is dismissed, and for the courts constantly in session, it means that a jury panel is always ready.~ The grand jury, consisting of from 18 to 23 members, may complete its business after a day or two and recess, or it may continue in session more or l~bd constantly~~ Records in rural counties indicated many grand juries were excused after serving only two days of a session. It is customary to have a bailiff to serve each jury. In the rural counties, this officer receives the same per diem as the jurors, Which is either $2.00 or $3.00, as determined by the governing body of the county. (11\ It is customary in this State that witnesse9 residing in the county where the court 18 held shall not be paid, but remuneration is prOVided U) See Various Acts Creatine City Courts. (2) Sec. 24-2833 Ga. Code 1933. ~) Sec. 77-1Ql ibid. (4) Sec. 34-3833 ibid. (5) S.,e Various Acts Crflating City Courts. (")5ec. 24-3104 Ga. Code 1933. rn See Various Acts Crflating City Courts. @ Secs. 59-801;59-708 Ga. Code 1933. ~lSec. 59-204 ibid. n~Sec. 59-202 ibid. (Ill Sec. 24-3202 ibid. - 99 - for those residing elsewhere. A small mileage allowance not exceeding four cents per mile to and from their homes to court is granted, in addition to the maximum per diem of $2.00~) The courts have inherent authority to grant fees to expert witnesses where such testimony is necessary for adequate presentation of the case for the state. Payment for witnesses, Jurors, court reporters, and sums for feeding prisoners, come from the general fund of the county and all other tees are theoretically assessed upon the defendant., if he is convicted;') If the defendant is acquitted, or a sentence given which does not include the cost, the fees are classed as insolvent and can be collected from the Insolvent fund of the county:3) Where costs are assessed as part of the sentence, the defendant is supposed to pay them to the clerk of the court who dlsburses the monles to the officers entltled to them. Where a flne is assessed, it ls also collected by the clerk and ls placed In the Insolvent tundJ~ which accumulates, in theory, from the excess of flnes and forfeitures over fees which encumber It. Actually, payment of coste in State courts is relatively rare and most costs become insolvent. Due to thls, it not Infrequently occurs that the amount of the insol~ vent fund is Insufflclent to pay all the fees which are due the various court officers. When this happens, the fund is disbursed in the same ratl0 as the fees of each officer bear to the total owing. The toregolng makes it evldent that ascertalnment of the total costs of operatlng courts or the cost of an average case is a vlrtual Imposslbl1lty. This cost varies from county to county to such a degree that It Is doubtful If a true flgure can ever be reached for the system now In practice In thls State. It Is posslble, iI) Sees. 38-1902;38-1905 ibid. ~ Ante; 27-2801 ibid. (3) Sec.. 27-2903 ibid. (4) Sec. 27-2902 ibid. however, to a certaln extent, to determlne the mlnlmum cost of a felony or a misdemeanor case by the use of the amount of fees allowed the several otficlals for varlous steps of the pros- ecutlon ot the case for which a Jury Is not Im- panelled. For example, the first steps In a crlmlnal case are the Is8uing of a warrant, the arre8t, and the commltment hearlng. If a8 many as three wltnesses have been examlned, the fees due the justice of the peace are $3.75, and to the constable $2.00, maklng a total of $5.7~~. If the case is a mlsdemeanor charge and 18 bound over to a clty court where all offlcers are on fees, the following sums wl11 be due to the several officials for the servlce Indicated:~ The Solicitor: Drawing the accusat.ion . . . . ~5.00 Carrying the case to trial or to plea of guilty. . . . . . . . . 5.00 The Clerk of the Court: writillg up a case brough'<' to trial or plea of guilty 6.00 The Sheriff: Conducting the prisoner before court 1.25 Summoning threee witnesses 1.50 Services before the judge. The Jailor: Turnkey fee Total before the court. . ., . . 2.00 1.20 21.95 Court of inquiry costs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.75 GRAND TOTAL . $27.70 Had the case been tried In the Superior Court, the cost would have been the same, ex- cept that the accused would have probably given ball for whlch the sherlff would have been entltled to an addltlonal $2.00 fee~1) Had the case been a felony, the cost In the Superlor Court would have been Increased, due to a difference In the solicitor's fee, to $49.7 for an ordinary felony and $74.70 for a capital felony.~ It must be remembered that these figures are the absolute mlnimum and do not include the cost to the county for servlces of the grand jury In returnlng the Indlctment, If the case were In the Superlor Court; nor the cost of the petlt jury If the case were trled before one. Neither does It Include the cost of the State's wltnes9, nor the proportlonate salary of the judge and per dlem of bal1iffs, the cost to the State for the General Assembly (5) Antel Sec. 24-820 ibid. (IQ) AItte. (1) Sea. 24-2823 ibid. (8) Ante. In.. ~~is~_at~ng crlmlnal - 100 - laws, nor_allY. of the indirect expenses of a criminal casesuch as ~1tenance of the jail and feeding the prisoners, the proportionate maintenanoe cost of the court house and other buildings connected therewith, depreciation on such property, and miscellaneous expenses such as books, dockets, papers, forms, et cetera. There is absolutely no way of apportioning the cost of these items to an individual case; nor is there any workable method whereby even the total of such expenditures can be estimated. For the year 1935, one of the larger counties of the state paid from the county treasury $92,S13.57 for the tangible charges easily ascertainable for the criminal division of its oity and Superior Courts. The figure included cost of the following officers, and no other: the solicitor, clerk, sheriff, county police, juries, witnesses, city court judge, and the feed of prisoners; and represents a total cost of $1.20 for every man, woman, and child in that county. This figure mayor may not be a fair sample for the State, but if it be taken as such, then, for the State of Georgia in 1935, nearly three and a half million dollars was spent for those tangible items of the cost of the criminal courts of trial grade. If it were possible to obtain and add to this figure the indirect costs heretofore mentioned, plus the cost of the criminal side of the appellate court, and the crime detection and law enforcement agencies, exposition would be made of the toll taken by crime which would be profoundly startling. - 101 - , CONCLUDING- STATEMENT The Survey of Oriminal Oourt Prooedure in Georgia was designed to study the oases passing through the court system of the state. Those who instigated and oonducted the surTey felt that reoommendations and suggestions for improvement of the oriminal oourts and their procedure was not within the scope ot the study. Reforms may be needed, or it may be that any deteots which exist are inherent in the undertaking ot a state to deal with crime and, therefore, oan not be eliminated. It is felt, however, that the tindings ot this surTey will turnish material to the proper authorities by whioh they oan Judge whether the workings of the machinery have been luccessful. Upon this decision rests the question of whether or not there is need tor revision ot the courts' structure. - 103 - ApPENDIXES county Age D&te Committed Date Released Charge Filled By Edited By AppeNDIX A -':Exhibit I (Schedule used for ini'orme.tion from the sheriff's office) state vs Sex: Male 0 Female 0 N.A.O Process on which cammitted Process on which released Time in jail Jail Docket - 3chedule I _ Race: llbite 0 Black 0 _ _ _ l:,a1:e _ Date _ Exhibit 2 (schedules used for ini'onnation from the. trial oourts) county.~ Case llumber Crime oharged wi:th Court >tate vs Superior Court - Schelule 2 _ Term _ year _ Attorney 0 Not Represented 0 _ Sentenced for _ Plea: Guilt)" 0 Bot Guilty 0 Date _ Verdict: Guilty 0 )lot Guilty 0 Date _ Motions: Made: Demurrer 0 Change of Venue 0 To Quash 0 Demand for TrialO 0ranted 0 Over-ruled 0 nate _ Dispositions: Ccnpletec 0 Appealed 0 rending 0 ProbationO Suspension 0 Dead Dooket 0 Nolle Prosequi 0 Released on Demand for Trial 0 nat.e _ Probation RevokedO Suspension Invoked 0 Sentenoe _ Remarks _ Time between dooketing and trial Time between plea and sentonoe _ County Worker Date "':ditor Date _ County Case Number Charge court state v8 City Court - Sch611ule 20. Honth year _ Attorney 0 1I0t Representod 0 _ Plea: GU11tyO Not GuiltYO D&te _ 0 Tried By: Judge Jury 0 Dat,, _ Disposition: Defendant: Convioted 0 Acquitted 0 Dismissed 0 Case: Completed 0 Appealed 0 pending 0 Suspension 0 0 Released upon Demand for Trial probationO Dead Dooket 0 Nolle Prosequi 0 Date _ Sentence Date _ R_rks _ Time between docketing and disposal County Worker Date Editor_' _ D&te _ - 107 - Exhibi'l: 3 Appella'l:e Courts - Sohedule 3 S'l:ate vs - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - CotUr!;y"-- _ Charge Da'l:e Bill of Elcoeptions Filed _ Da'l:e of Deoision _ Dispositionl Affirmed 0 0 Reversed Remanded for New Trial 0 other_. _ Certiorari 0 Date Filed, _ Disposition Da'l:e __ Sohedule Filled 13;' Edited ~ Da'l:e'~ Datel _ _ Name Exhibit 4 Prison Commission - Sohedule 4 Reoords and Disposition of Felony Sentenoes Color Sex Escape Recapture \'I N MF Age Date Da'l:e Crime County of Conviction 1------ - Sentence Min. Max. - Date Recei...ed Discharged Pardoned DIS P 0 SIT ION COlIIIIIIlted Parolled Died (Dste) InS8Jl8 other , - 109 - ApPENDIX B TABLE 1* FELONS ADlJITTED TO THE GEORlIlIA PEluTEllTl:All,Y By Ages of Admission JaDUary 1, 1926 - December 31, 1935 Ages 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 ~3 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 To1;a.l 1 6 14 59 131 445 834 1,069 1,291 1,181 1,170 1,207 1,061 863 779 723 617 633 507 47'1 293 352 307 269 360 196 182 232 240 221 99 138 116 72 127 70 74 74 86 Males Whi1;e Negro 1 5 2 12 5 50 20 99 91 339 237 573 294 764 427 822 38j. 764 355 785 3;9 830 318 710 298 534 262 500 230 471 208 391 233 385 178 314 166 294 133 152 105 240 119 174 133 132 110 237 79 109 84 93 93 132 96 139 67 147 47 52 81 57 46 68 30 42 42 80 34 35 40 34 28 44 33 52 Females Whi1;e Negro 1 4 1 11 2 13 3 21 ~ 17 9 33 1 35 3 27 2 26 4 29 5 26 1 16 3 19 2 16 1 14 5 10 3 14 2 4 7 3 11 1 3 5 8 3 5 3 2 1 6 2 3 2 5 1 1 2 3 1 1 1 1 * Source: Records of 1;he Prison Commission. Ages 50 51 52 53 64 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 To1;a.l 92 45 85 68 53 52 52 39 26 26 40 24 23 26 15 22 9 6 8 11 7 3 4 7 3 4 1 2 1 2 2 84 85 86 98 TarAL 1 1 1 1 17,336 Males Whi1;e Negro 39 50 20 25 30 55 23 45 19 34 19 33 25 27 12 26 12 14 8 18 20 20 10 14 15 8 11 14 4 11 9 13 7 2 4 2 6 2 6 5 2 5 2 1 1 3 2 4 3 2 2 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 5,767 11,095 Females Whi1;e Nel,';ro 2 1 1 1 1 81 393 -109 - '!'ABLE 2* PERSONS JAILED By Crimes ot lIhich Aceused 29 Georgia Counties January 1, 1~26 - December ~l, 19~5 CRIMINAL HOMICIDES Murder Involuntary Manslaughtsr Voluntary Manslaughter Total 2,~94 2,0'77 205 112 CRIMINAL ASSAULTS Assault with Intent to Murder Shooting at Another Stabbing Mayhsm Assault and Battery Wite Beating Pointing Pistol at Another Assault, simple 15,134 4,414 879 2,040 23 4,957 1,502 99'1 ~22 CARRYING DEADLY WEAPONS 4,40~ OPERATING AUTO WHILE DRUNK 6,443 DISTURBANCES OF PUBLIC PEACE Drunkenness Vagrancy Hoboing Malicious Mischief Other Disturbances 12,685 6,140 3,592 1,521 516 916 ROBBERY 2,866 BURGLARY 8,278 LARCENIES Larceny ot Automobile Larceny trom H~use Larceny trom Person Larceny of Live Stock EIltbazzlement La~eny Atter Trust ~eny of Chickens Larceny of Bicycle Larceny, simple Larceny of Cotton Other Larcenies Attempt Larceny Cheating and Swindling DefraUding Board Bill Passing Worthless Checks Larceny trom Automobile 52,273 ~,820 6.730 311 497 115 2,191 415 137 4,225 92 7,735 182 4,528 159 418 718 FORGERY 1,142 NON-SUPPORT Bastardy Abandonment 4,146 1,340 2,806 SEX CRIMES Rape Assault with Intent to Rape Seduction Adultery and Fornication Public Indecency Sodomy and Beastiality Incest Operating Lewd House 4,308 536 446 293 2,350 289 168 10 216 GAlI6LING Lottery Other Types of Gambling 6,994 3,038 3,95A VIOLATION MOTOR VEHICLE LAW 2,665 VIOLATION PROHIBITION LAW Possessing Liquor Selling Liquor Manufacturing Liquor Other Violations 42,739 5,242 402 854 36,241 MISCELLANEOUS CRIMES 28,641 ~son 197 Bigamy 166 Bribery 36 Perjury 253 Rioting 166 Felony 4,394 Misdemeanor, miscellaneous 1,446 Misdemeanor, blanket charge 20,618 Obtaining Money under Fa~se Pretense 133 Escaping 569 Faloe Oath 85 Kidnapping 226 Blackmail and Extortion 33 Cruelty to Children and Animals 70 Violation ot Game Law 249 'J'R1f 175.111 * 80uro.: Ja11 dockets of the counties. Baksr 19 19 llibb 149 129 6 14 Bulloch Chatham Cherokse Carroll Chattooga Clarke 52 8 184 1 3 69 49 8 154 1 :3 54 - - 17 - 3 3 - 13 - - e Coweta 45 40 1 4 Crisp 23 22 1 113 921 314 38 1,284 8 7 151 271 227 72 234 114 30 386 3 5 56 82 42 16 73 18 2 23 6 30 2 216 19 403 16 44 9 - 19 297 86 11 4 323 2 51 71 143 1 62 39 2 7 7 20 6 3 37 10 2 28 131 1 4 8 12 7 7 ~2 20 11 676 119 690 14 38 75 79 4 274 21 249 3 56 123 16 31 700 131 ~1 142 81 192 154 73 139 50 9 390 19 9 70 14 121 2 64 22 3 113 6 289 3 74 3 149 43 8 15 336 130 275 5 13 24 105 6 18 20 8 276 16 7 371 4 10 7 15 56 767 135 71 962 18 17 124 140 91 155 2,160 686 - 197 22 1 59 28 13 20 23 93 7 2 49 8 47 53 37 2,180 22 12 4A2 3 322 11 2 40 8 434 1 105 37 4 36 2 6 1 2 1S6 22 7 597 577 35 25 57 31 4 4 13 7 2 7 34 34 6 12 15$1 93 1 16 111 1,198 230 - 7 7 182 125 1 10 10 2 37 6 5 97 7 11 634 - 85 1 304 7 11 21 2 66 6 10 162 1 54 13 6 1 155 65 17 4 186 343 62 26 15 26 12 4 7 58 43 5 108 1 2 14 15 11 132 34 20 3 112 31 48 37 15 6 48 31 If> 112 88 14 64 47 14 48 41 9 205 1~4 5 47 7 38 13 3 21 31 1 45 59 45 9 2 2 9 1 4 174 " 9 44 1 39 2 2 14 2 38 5 1 7 2 4 6 22 3 3 12 47 5 2 16 5 90 30 18 4 12 4 1 3 57 17 2 2 13 189 132 13 1a9 132 4 115 7 1 3 115 7 31 104 60 31 104 60 3 145 58 54 1,599 388 42 :3 93 3 2 45 4 - 38 5 1,594 212 158 1 60 509 29 39 10 2 4 19 10 15 499 47 33 6 341 589 341 312 15 262 19 8 28 7 50 49 3 516 2 424 1,334 554 750 379 148 796 1,764 - 17 19 3 4 1 2 12 4 3 3 1 2 5 2 11 16 13 12 18 12 8 24 36 27 8 275 47 11 3 85 353 2 134 28 2 93 38 42 384 713 414 686 11 81 702 1,313 1 21 6 2 4 4 87 10 - 3 -.186 1 7 1 4 15 13 9 3 7 282 544 2, 8 7 3 12 12 8 22 13 228 478 2 6 9" 1 3 -a 6 II 4 7 9 31 7 1 2 1 6 4 907 9,585 2,807 1,041 7,7\1~ 293 856 3.562 2,795 2,164 DeKalb Dod.s.e 72 42 51 40 14 7 2 625 176 121 71 43 3 63 5 1 189 62 79 27 33 3 96 5 207 42 759 16 1,024 337 844 302 24 7 6 28 4 128 18 153 7 491 113 934 467 210 8 142 6 2 17 68 2 55 2 52 7 11 72 4 14 276 346 2 1 42 17 1 27 7 10 31 19 237 59 78 159 59 1,298 63 M 13 36 7 9 10 1,166 25 36 16 1 1 7 494 60 190 304 60 372 5 1,494 509 1,151 , 89 425 71 141 6 113 7 1,849 599 9 3 14 1 11 12 17 285 19 61 14 1,390 489 .3 2 33 26 2 3 5 7 2 4 34 2 10,040 2.514 - 110. Floyd Fulton 72 952 67 766 158 5 28 361 7,654 82 1,567 24 524 39 1,047 9 127 2,870 35 1,022 16 565 38 50 Glynn Houston Lowndes Madison Habersham Liberty McIntosh 38 35 32 4 12 18 8 33 34 31 4 12 17 8 2 3 1 1 1 178 96 198 16 86 67 91 8 7 1 18 18 6 21 4 1 43 2 46 3 9 1 14 1 6 1 8 8 18 47 54 21 2 4 2 1 8 1 14 24 2 2 1 12 4 6 Musoogee 160 153 2 5 1,084 571 26 24 269 100 91 3 Peach 30 30 185 54 17 29 67 6 8 14 73 1,695 23 17 56 11 13 34 256 46 316 3,576 102 3 7 4 48 622 764 4,666 181 121 47 3 51 27 220 1,418 105 375 1,956 161 108 13 2 22 158 1,044 18 22 2,210 14 4 24 3 1 28 278 1 347 21 6 3 48 11 52 5 294 2 13 45 15 185 6 3 5 1 4 10 51 34 44 1,514 36 3 20 6 4 129 13 142 2,630 136 42 112 12 22 12 610 129 567 16,223 584 165 262 17 92 2,170 98 3 9 3 36 4,074 31 6 2 177 3 1 10 68 8 23 2 84 7 1,453 26 1 3 4 103 18 1 124 97 1,140 4 11 164 1 9 7 249 2,841 295 136 3 9 78 20 3,216 60 1 37 2 25 13 2 18 19 39 7 2 663 8 76 158 2,456 397 1 3 2 279 25 2 1 19 842 24 32 3 9 22 12 6 1 1 1 157 16 3 2 16 1 1 10 85 746 170 3 4 2 47 1 99 63 8 2 4 37 144 42 1 4 10 1 113 10 1 5 2 19 561 26 7 5 1 42 7 91 2,680 10 1 17 939 1 74 1.741 10 4 29 4 29 14 308 :3 99 11 219 78 1,468 37 38 14 13 170 7 8 5 9 183 7 8 4 24 95 6 3 1 30 674 16 17 3 127 78 1 1 5 2 136 2 8 4 21 252 29 3 8 42 11 19 4 4 2 8 6 1 3 3 138 8 1 1 4 4 39 1 3 1 99 4,880 2,835 99 2,045 1 2 17 1 2 17 2 75 2 75 472 47 472 47 42 1,255 21 1 8 103 15 244 29 1,004 26,071 524 118 122 8 448 40 69 4 29 32 1 33 23 26 33 4 494 26,976 498 15 422 68 280 3,809 334 53 236 1,263 1 2 6 8 1 3 70 28 10 38 2,478 304 1,888 4,134 296 220 212 37 1,134 118 870 10 54 8 1 8 4 63 8 4 1 1 29 6 96 2 3 2 2 23 2 21 7 2 3 209 560 11 5 13 168 10 150 30 636 23 1 3 20 17 1,6':2 2.366 192 178 166 37 965 3 1 61 686 1 16 55 21 2 1 1 76 9 84 4 4 7 32 1 2 15 1 1 3 1 62 23 3 19 12 318 131 17 3 13 3 9 24 4 119 45 61 47 26 10 24 6 14 3 10 3 1 7 5,560 79,959 2,193 869 1,402 112 1,273 497 1,797 12,180 1,526 Taliaterro Riclunond Taylor 216 1 35 201 1 36 Titt 16 16 15 Ware Troup 89 19 80 19 1 8 462 26 94 203 334 4 319 14 70 69 177 5 3 2 13 21 25 4 4 12 19 1 68 4 16 72 92 2 23 2 23 11 1 21 10 13 1 4 1 1 107 17 18 40 34 12 62 5 19 46 67 1 557 14 38 412 328 331 90 9 38 51 229 16 429 39 27 1 4 301 18 314 4 4 5 30 5 17 49 178 7 18 19 1 925 11 61 153 284 12 1,837 24 105 550 530 15 154 2 3 30 71 '/01 7 22 77 14 30 1 20 1 14 29 2 108 21 32 8 52 2 1 597 11 44 180 60 2 3 7 107 2 34 71 260 3 1 77 2 28 35 9 4 8 19 1 69 10 8 4 11 80 4 50 24 2 137 1 :3 4 74 J.4 1 3 4 6 14 106 68 131 21 58 85 7 47 8 8 19 1 29 5 5 18 13 4 11 14 4 5 3 23 14 2 6 3 8 12 1 3 4 1 19 5 7 94 8 16 37 24 11 12 82 8 16 37 24 11 65 2,524 116 2,408 7,675 22 3 3 29 11 11 n 116 481 740 236 ':'9 43 425 3 236 3 37 12 9 22 19 129 51 596 33 367 423 165 1,197 2 5 1 2 6 5 1 4 1,823 32 6,718 4 57 2 1 1 4 2 11 45 263 4 7 29 31 23 333 267 105 932 1 40 1 1 4 4 8 6 12 9 7 2 1 2 4 18 4 1 15,060 234 904 2,520 2,803 1,87;:J: - 111- TABLE 3* 1I0NTH B'1 iII0NTR VARIATION OF PF'IlSONS JAILED By Crime of which Accu$ed 12 Counties of Georgia January I, 1926 - December 31, 1935 January March May July September November Total February April June August October December Adultery and Fornication Number 970 55 83 68 79 79 80 89 115 116 86 67 53 Percent 100.0 5.6 8.6 7.0 8.1 8.1 8.2 9.2 1l.9 12.0 8.9 7.0 f'.4 Assault and Battery Number 3,765 255 218 277 300 W 356 393 403 365 340 277 264 Percent 100.0 6.8 5.8 7.4 8.0 8.4 9.5 10.4 10.7 9.7 9.0 7.4 6.9 Assault with Intent to Murder Number 3,140 218 210 238 246 253 275 259 337 310 307 236 251 Percent 100.0 6.9 6.7 7.6 7.8 8.1 8.8 8.2 10.7 9.9 9.8 7.5 8.0 Assault with Intent to Rape Number 293 27 16 18 31 25 14 34 40 22 19 23 24 Percent 100.0 9.2 5.5 6.1 10.6 8.5 4.8 1l.6 13.7 7.5 6.5 7.8 8.2 Bastardy lhaber 1,203 110 85 111 90 104 109 123 103 86 103 105 74 Percent 100.0 9.1 7.0 9.2 7.5 8.7 9.0 10.2 8.6 7.1 8.6 8.8 6.2 Burglary Number 5,310 583 449 . 450 441 386 390 379 499 342 453 458 480 Percent 100.0 11.0 8., 8.6 8.3 7.3 7.3 7.0 9.4 6.4 8.5 8.6 9.0 Carrying Concealed Weapons Number 2,474 244 173 203 '210 191 173 233 196 183 198 223 247 Percent 100.0 9.9 7.0 8.2 8.5 7.7 7.0 9.4 7.9 7.4 8.0 9.0 10.0 Cheating and Swindling Number 3,752 239 278 330 288 336 345 313 377 328 330 287 301 Percent 100.0 6.4 7.4 8.8 7.7 9.0 9.2 8.3 10.1 8.7 8.8 'l.6 8.0 Forgery Number 821 38 73 73 56 79 63 62 67 60 83 72 65 Percent 100.0 8.3 8.9 8.9 6.8 9.6 7.7 7.6 8.2 7.3 10.1 8.7 7.9 Gambling Number 3,049 280 177 318 285 230 254 240 215 250 230 314 256 Percent 100.0 9.2 5.8 10.4 9.3 7.6 8.3 7.9 7.1 8.2 7.5 10.3 8.4 Larceny, s lmple Number 3,504 316 311 334 260 260 236 306 277 232 285 286 401 Percent 100.0 9.0 8.9 9.5 7.4 7.4 6.7 8.8 7.9 6.6 8.1 8.2 11.5 Larceny of Automobile Nunibflr 2,910 287 241 251 233 227 208 237 247 279 218 238 244 Percent 100.0 9.9 8.3 8.6 8.0 7.8 7.1 8.1 8.5 9.6 7.5 8.2 8.4 Larceny of Farm Animals Number 214 24 13 30 13 7 14 13 22 14 15 21 28 Percent 100.0 11.2 6.1 14.0 6.1 3.3 6.5 6.1 10.3 6.5 7.0 9.8 13.1 Larceny from House Number 5,973 516 416 522 497 443 496 469 528 491 492 455 648 Percent 100.0 8.7 7.0 8.7 8.3 7.4 8.3 7.9 8.8 8.2 8.2 7.6 10.9 Larceny After Trust Nwnber 1,827 158 Percent 100.0 8.6 167 146 154 148 159 164 141 184 144 9.2 8.0 8.4 8.1 8.7 9.0 7.7 10.1 7.9 Manufacturing Liquor Number 497 52 40 43 32 37 30 35 46 50 60 40 32 Percent 100.0 10.5 8.0 8.7 6.4 7.5 6.0 7.0 9.3 10.1 12.1 8.0 6.4 Murder Number 1,481 131 121 118 91 121 150 118 132 127 135 120 117 Percent 100.0 8.8 8.2 8.0 6.1 8.2 10;1 8.0 8.9 8.6 9.1 8.1 7.9 Operating Auto while Drunk Number 4,986 365 320 369 :585 401 382 447 481 485 477 449 425 Percent 100.0 7.3 6.4 7.4 7.7 8.1 7.7 9.0 9.6 9.7 9.6 9.0 8.5 Public Drunkenness Number 4,321 271 293 330 :529 356 403 402 445 386 367 373 366 Percent 100.0 6.3 6.8 7.6 7.6 8.2 9.3 9.3 10.:5 8.9 8.5 8.7 8.5 Rape Number 363 34 27 22 29 36 32 26 32 46 42 16 21 Percent 100/0 9.4 7.4 6.1 8.0 9.9 a.8 7.2 8.8 12.7 11.5 4.4 5.8 Robbel'J Number 1,959 117 129 194 191 162 140 167 137 167 159 157 239 Pepcent 100.0 6.0 6.6 9.9 9.7 8.3 7.2 8.5 '7.f' 8.5 2. 1 8.0 12.2 Seduction Number 185 16 13 16 12 17 10 17 19 17 10 17 21 Percent 100.0 8.6 7.0 8.6 6.5 9.2 5.4 9.2 10.3 9.2 5.4 9.2 11.4 Shooting at Another S~abbing Number Percent 40 64 54 55 68 64 46 61 60 64 57 5.9 9.3 7.9 8.0 9.9 9.3 6.7 8.9 8.8 9.3 8.3 Number 1,288 78 78 122 101 110 107 148 124 123 114 91 92 Percent 100.0 6.1 6.1 9.5 7.8 8.5 8.3 11.5 9.6 9.5 8.9 7.1 7.1 Vagrancy Number 3,220 243 270 300 244 271 346 297 279 254 246 237 233 Percent 100.0 7.5 8.4 9.3 7.6 8.4 10.8 9.2 8.7 7.9 7.6 .,7.4 7.2 Violation of Prohibition Law Number 33,286 2,692 2,514 2,901 2,886 2,765 2,599 2,845 2,923 2,936 3,030 2,620 2,575 Percent 100.0 8.1 7.6 8.7 8.7 8.3 7.8 8.5 8.8 8.8 9.1 7.9 7.7 Wife Beating Number 1,265 74 71 102 102 110 119 143 134 123 104 88 95 Percent 100.0 5.8 5.6 8.1 8.1 8.7 9.4 1l.3 10.6 9.7 8.2 7.0 7.5 TOTAL Number 92,742 7,506 6,789 7,936 7,652 7,524 7,553 8.007 8,383 8,017 8,104 7,518 7,753 Percent 100.0 8.2 7.:5 8.6 8.2 8.2 8.2 8.7 9.0 8.5 8.7 8.2 8.2 .. Souroe: Jail dookete of the counties. - 112 - 'Pot-al Number Percent I Under 16 32 1.6 16 - 20 266 13.1 21 - 25 e.23 30.8 26 - 30 384 19.0 31 - 35 290 I 36 - 40 187 14.3 9.2 41 - 50 130 6.4 OVBr 50 i 114 5.6 TOTAL 2,026 100.0 TABLE 4<> AGES OF PERSONS ACCUSED OF CRIME 27 Counties of Georgia January 1, 1926 - December 31, 1935 PART I CRIMINAL HOMICIDES A. TOTAL Number Male %White Male White ~ Age Group Number "A~.l. %. White' Female ~ Age Group Ne ro ::reIoIAle F..... Ie Number 'f, o ~ Age %. Negro %Age Group Number Female Group 17 2.7 53.1 --- 12 t 1.1 37.5 3 1.4 9.4 113 17.9 42.5 8 16.3 3.0 126 11.0 47.4 19 9.2 7.1 214 34.0 34;3 11 22.4 1.8 329 28.8 52.8 69 33.5 11.1 118 18.7 30.7 8 16.3 2.1 208 18.2 54.2 50 24.4 13.0 95 I 15.1 32.8 2 4.1 .7 157 13.8 54.1 36 17.5 12.4 44 7.0 23.5 I 6 12.2 3.2 118 10.3 63.1 19 ., 9.2 10.2 5 .8 3.9 5 10.2 3.9 113 9.9 86.P 7 3.4 5.3 24 I 3.8 630 100.0 21.0 31.1 9 1.8 5 '1.9 78 49 100.0 2.4 1,141 6.9 68.5 3 100.0 56.3 206 I.':' 100.0 2.6 10.2 B. MURDER i I Totel c- I Number Percent Under 16 31 16 - 20 217 21 - 25 515 26 - 30 344 31 - 35 255 36 - 40 166 41 - 50 113 Over 50 96 TOTAL 1,737 1.8 12.5 29.6 19.8 14.7 9.6 6.5 5.5 100.0 Number Male " WMahliete White jI> Age Group Number F '"FWemhaitlee ~ Age Group 16 3.5 51.6 80 17.0 36.9 --- 7 17.5 3.2 150 32.0 29.1 7 17.5 1.4 100 21.3 29.1 6 15.0 1.7 75 16~0 29.4 1 2.5 .4 30 6.4 13.1 -- - 18 3.8 18.7 5 15.0 3.6 4 10.0 3.5 9 22.5 9.4 469 100.0 27.0 40 100.0 2.3 Ne ""0 Male Fema.le Number ;. ::~~o jI> Age Group %.Negro ~ Age Number Female Group 12 112 297 191 145 112 102 66 1,037 1.1 38.7 3 10.8 51.6 18 28.7 57.7 61 18.4 55.5 47 14.0 56.9 34 10.8 67.5 18 9.8 90.3 7 6.4 68.8 3 100.0 59.7 191 1.6 9.4 31.9 24.6 17,8 9.5 3.6 1.6 100.0 9.7 8.3 11.8 13.7 13.3 10.8 6.2 3.1 11.0 C. INVOLUNTARY MANSLAUGHTER Under 16 16 - 20 21 - 25 26 - 30 31 - 35 36 - 40 41 - 50 Over 50 TOTAL Total Number Percent 1 .5 19 9.9 77 40.3 29 15.2 26 13.6 16 8.4 12 6.3 11 5.8 191 100.0 - 113 - D. VOLUNTARY MANSLAUGHTER Under 16 16 - 20 21 - 25 26 - 30 31 - 35 36 - 40 41 - 50 Over 50 TOTAL Total Number Percent -- 30 30.6 31 31.6 11 11.2 9 9.2 5 5.1 5 5.1 7 7.2 98 100.0 II--Tota~ 1~,-;-=~~;;~b~r=Tje~cent 7 Under 16 '1' 92 16 - 20 I 21 - 25 2,51', 3,404 19.7 26.7 26 - 30 I' 2,381 ... I 31 - 35 1,578 12.4 I 36 - 40 1,362, 10.7 ::e: ::L-~~-L ::; TOT. L J~ 75~L2~~0 Under 16 26 .8 16 - 20 1,026 31.0 21 - 25 595 17.9 26 - 30 6),0 18.4 31 - 35 10.5 36 - 40 275 8.3 1 41 - 50 Lover 50 280 156 I 8.4 4.7 LTQTAL-- :~5I 100.0 TABLE 4 (Cantld) PART II CRIMINAL ASSAULTS A. TOT/lL 846 1,375 964 18.1 29.4 20.6 ---------- Ne 1'0 ---, Age roup Number Female 1~.Negro Female ~ Age Group ')3.3 15 1.0 16.3 57.7 169 11.4 6.7 46.5 46. 7 49.4 39.2 375 255 I I I ~'70 ?I8 25.3 17.S 18.2 1-4 .7 Ll.O 10.7 17.1 16.0 48.8 70.5 132 8\9 14.1 ! 47 3.~' 9.7 49.4 1,481 100.1) 11.6 B. ASSAULT WITH INTENT TO ~c~DER --::N:ce-=-'o-------~-'--- ----MaTe % Negrol -%' Age" Female ~ Negro I% Age Number Male + Gro~ t-N,_um_b_e_r-+_F_e_nla_1_e_r-G_r_o_u_p----l 17 .9 65.4 3 .9 ! 11.5 658 36. 7 64.1 59 15.2 I 5.7 254 14.2 42.7 116 '30.0 19.4 200 5 10.6 327 18.2 53.6 78 20.2 12.8 19.1 2.6 182 52.4 63 16.3 II 18.2 .4 111 40.4 35 9.0 1112.7 163 9.1 58.2 22 5.7 7.9 81 4.5 51.9 11 I 2.8 7.1 -_'~--i--~",+---=-~---~ 54.1 387 100.1) 11.7 16 - 20 21 - 25 26 - 30 31 - 35 36 - 40 41 - 50 Over 50 TOT/lL Total 61 8.9 60 8.7 32 4.6 687 100.0 Number 4 29 35 10 25 5 20 130 19.2 3.8 c ~ SHOOTING AT A;-JOTHER <;-emaie ['[ White Age ~ Female 1.4 2.6 1 6.7 1.1 15 100.0 ;;W'1ber 1 94 153 ,54 59 51 38 29 479 %~f , Ag~, ~-H~-~-~-'" ~:::e' ~ I - - T , Neilro J' .2 'G~~;~f~.lo.e;i2'''n1~~i~;~~: 19.G ,i I 63.9; 16 II 25.; I 10.Q : I ;32.,) ! 72.9 I 19 I 30.? I 9.0 11.3 12.3 69.2 II 64.1 83.6! 7.9 I 63.4: 10:~HI-~~~1! I I 12 1'?0 '1 15 4 7 1 11.1! 7.'3 4i 6.3 I 6.'3 t ,:iJ + 2 l 3.21 3.3 ~'6~ I 10~~_:_J ! .r/' -----1 v::: -~ ~Tota1 D. STABBING ---r~-~_~-~-~~-=----Mai-e-- '~1}~,t ~ ~ ~ 1~:::~ ! i'% "lhite %Pse I' : N'JJnb-";_ II Nmnber 1:;':;,~r"~~: r:- r 26 - I 18 I 9.9, 5.6 1 I 52 I 28.6 ! 11.0 2 320 i 17.7 60 I, 33.0 I B.8 4 _. rAge, -, % ];~;o r --- ---- ----- 1 N~ber Male ~N~e'_o~---_;c_:c-:_,__:----__j I %~ ~~~~ % ilge Group Ntunber Female ~ ~ 8I .7 61.5 2 .4 15.4 272 ! 24.0 84.5 31 6.6 9.6 329 ! 29.0 69.3 92 19.3 19.3 174 I 15.4 54.4 82 17.2 25.6 31 I ;1 - 50 Over 50 j ,~' ,~: ::: 299 197 I 132 I 45 I 16.6 10.9 7.4 2.5 ,~ 33.4 2.0 155 105 I 59 31 2.7 51.8 53.3 44.7 68.9 98 20.5 32.8 86 43.7 71 53.8 14 2.9 31.1 \ ,TOTAL- , ~1,e03,T~_100.0 .7 1,133 100.0 62.8 476 100.0 26.4 - 114 _ TABLE 4 (Cont'd) PART II - Criminal Assault (Cont1d) E. IIAYHEM White Ne 0 llae Female Male Female Totll !lumber Percent )\ 1Ih1t. I~ Age !lumber Male Group Number I".FWemhaitlee ~. Age Group 1% Negro ~ Age ;\ Negro ~ Age Number Male Group Number Female Group Under 16 0 16 20 21 - 25 -- 7 M.8 7 36.8 --- -- -- - - -- - -- _. - - - - -- 4 36.4 57.1 4 36.4 57.1 - -- 3 42.9 42.9 3 42.9 42.9 26 - ~ 31 - 35 36 - 40 41-50 3 15.8 1 5.3 1 5.3 -- 1 100.0 33.3 - -- -- -- - -- - - -- - -- - -- 1 9.1 33.3 1 9.1 100.0 1 9.0 100.0 - -- 1 14.2 33.4 -- - - -- .' - -- Over 50 - - - -- - - - - -- - -- TOTAL 19 100.0 1 100.0 5.3 - -- H 100.0 57.9 7 100.0 36.8 F. ASSAUr,T AND BATTERY Total !lumber Percent Under 16 35 .8 16 - 20 21 - 25 783 1366 17.7 30.8 26 - 30 . 80i 18.1 31 - 35 49$- H.2 36 - 40 426 9.6 41 - 50 315 7.1 Over 50 206 4.7 TOTAL 4.428 100.0 White Mae Fema e Number 1;\ White Male 1 ~ Age Group I%_ White ,~ Age NUmber Female Group 10 .5 28.6 - -- 452 21.9 57.7 23 11.2 2.9 752 36.4 55.1 47 22.9 3.4 357 17.3 44.6 37 18.1 4.6 175 8.5 35.3 28 13.7 5.6 160 7.7 37.5 46 22.4 10.6 131 30 2,067' 6.3 1.4, 100.0 41.5 14.6 46.7 24 11.7 7.6- - -- 205 100.0 4.6 Nel(' 0 Ma F ma e % Negro ~ Age %. Negro ~ ABe Number Male Group Number Female Group 17 1.0 48.6 8 1.8 22.8 263 15.5 33.6 45 9.8 5.8 447 26.3 32.7 120 26.3 8.8 342 20.2 42.7 65 14.2 8.1 208 12.2 41.9 85 18.6 17.2 141 8.3 33.0 79 17.3 18.9 125 7.4 39.7 35 7.7 11.2 156 9.1 75.7 20 4.3 9.7 1,699' 100.0 38.4 457 100.0 10.3 G. WH'E BEATING Total Number Percent Under 16 - - 16 - 20 67 4.8 21 - 25 365 26.2 26 - 30 318 22.9 31 - 35 234 16.8 36 - 40 305 41 - 50- 98 Over 50 5 21.9 7.0 .4, TOTAL 1,392 100.0 Total Number Percent Under 16 3 .4 16 - 20 H2 13.3 21 - 25 281 ~.1 26 - 30 175 21.2 31 - 35 95 H.5 36 -40 85 10.3 41 - 50 43 5.3 Over 50 32 3.9 ~'1'AL 826 100.0 White lIale Female 1)\ 1Ih1te I ~ Age ;\ White )\ Age Number llale Group Number Female Group - -- 7 .8 10.4 165 19.5 45.2 215 25.4 67.6 -- - - - -- --- - 135 16.0 57.7 - -- 250 29.6 82.0 - -- 74 8.7 75.5 - -- - -- -- 846 100.0 60.8 - -- Ne", a IIA". Female 1% Negro I~ Age 1%. Negro I~ Age Number" llale Group Number Female Group - -- - -- 60 11.0 89.6 200 36.6 54.8 103 18.9 32.4 99 18.1 42.3 55 10.1 18.0 24 4.4 24.5 5 .9 100.0 546 100.0 39.2 - - - --- - -- .- -~ ----- 1 H. POINTING PISTOL AT ANOTHER White ema e 1% White I~ Age Number Kale Group Number 1)\ White Female IG" rAougpe - -- - -- 23 10.' 20.5 1 11.1 .9 99 44.6 35.2 3 33.4 1.1 75 33.7 42.9 1 11.1 .6 15 6.8 15.8 1 11.1 1.1 10 4.5 11.8 - -- -- 222 100.0 26.9 2 22.2 2.3 1 11.1 2.3 - -- 9 100.0 1.1 Negro ema e 1% Negro I ~ Age NUmber Male Group 1)\. Negro I~ Age Number F..-le Group 3 .6 100.0 - -- 79 U.S 70.5 9 14.8 8.1 164 30.8 58.4 15 24.2 5.3 88 16.5 50.3 H 17.6 6.2 65 12.2 68.4 14 22.6 14.7 6] n.4 71.8 12 19.3 14.1 41 7.7 95.4 32 6.0 ').00.0 1 1.5 2.3 - -- 533 100.0 64.5 62 100.0 7.5 - H5 - TABLF,4 (Cont'd) PART II - Cr1ln1n'a1 Aoosau1t (Cont 'd) I. ASSAULT SIl.IPLE Total NUIIlber Percent Under 16 8 2.8 16 - 20 53 18.7 21 - 25 105 37.1 26 - 30 76 26.9 31 - 35 14 4.9 36 - 40 12 4.2 41 - 50 7 2.5 Over 50 8 2.9 TOTAL 283 100.0 Wh' te Male Female I" White ~ 1 Age 1 %. White I~ Age NUIIlber Mall> Group NUIIlber Female Group 5 3.7 62.5 - -- 24 17.6 45.3 1 14.3 1.9 61 44.9 58.1 2 28.6 1.9 46 33.8 60.5 - -- - .. - - -- - -- 136 100.0 48.1 2 28.6 2.7 1 14.3 7.2 1 14.2 8.3 - -- - -- 7 100.0 2.5 Number 3 22 lIale ~ Negro Male 2.7 19.8 Ne ,ro Female ~ Age ".flegro I" Age Group Number Female Group 37.5 - -- 41.5 6 20.7 11.3 32 28.8 30.5 10 04.6 9.5 22 19.8 28.9 6 20.7 7.9 10 9.0 71.4 3 10.3 21.4 9 8.1 '75..0 2 6.i 16.7 6 5.4 M.7 1 3.4 14.3 7 6.4 87.5 1 3.4 12.5 III 100.0 39.2 29 100.0 10.2 PART III CARRYING DEADLY WEAPONS TOTAL ,----------,----------,--------------_._----,-------------------, White Ne ... 0 Male Female Total % Wh1 te ! ~ Age 1 %. White IiI, Age ~~~~~~N;;UIIl;;;;,;b;;e;;,r4~pe;;,r;...c;...e;.;n;;.t;...".r~~;.;umb;;;;;.;e;;r4~~Ma=1;.;e~foG;.;r;...o;;,u;;;p~~N;.;um;;;;!l;.;e;;r4 Female Group % Negro ~ Age " Negro I~ Age Number .Male Group Number Female Group Under 16 36 26 9 1 .7 16 - 20 662 218 5 .8 420 16.9 63.4 19 :. 21 - 25 1,246 447 46.1 35.9 11 .8 763 30.6 61.2 25 26 - 30 691 233 2J.0 33.7 5 .8 426 27 1 322 24 . 16.2 3316 -- 3450 327344 l6O :; l l . 275 2..58 4 199 85.0 26 I 11.1 41 -~'O204 5.6 8 .8 180 16 10.8 7.8 Over 50 187 5.1 6I .6 171 91.4 10 6.8 ~L_ 3, 6M.~ ~_ ~~O~(l --~-00-.0-1-2-6-.-~-.:~:::::2:6:~:_~:1:0:0~-._0~~l--~~~~.~7~~'1...;.~,,~4~9~0..,4~~1~0~0~.~0~~6~8~.~5..,4~~~1~4~8~~1~0~~~.~0...;...;~4~.~1~ . PART "IV OPERATING AUTO W1IILE DRUNK TOTAL Under 16 Total Number Percent 1 - 16 - 20 1,211 20.8 21 - 25 1,521 26.1 26 - 30 1,045 18.0 31 - 35 801 13.8 36 - 40 798 13.7 41 - 50 300 5.2 OVer 50 142 2.4 TOTAL 5,819 100.0 ._. White Male %White ~ Age Number Male Group Female ~. White ~. Age Number Female Group - -- - -- 775 19.1 64.0 16 11.0 1.3 995 24.5 65.4 35 24.0 2.3 818 20.1 78.3 25 17.1 2.4 590 14.5 73.7 28 19.2 3.5 612 15.0 76.7 04 23.3 4.3 203 5.0 67.7 75 1.8 52.8 8 5.4 2.7 - -- .4,068 100.0 69.9 146 100.0 2.5 Number 1 Ma e " Negro Male .1 Ne rro Female ~ Age Gronp Number I%. Negro Female !~r~~~ 100.0 - -- 416 26.4 34.4 4 14.3 .3 480 30.4 31.6 11 39.3 .7 196 12.4 18.7 6 21.4 .6 178 11.3 22.2 5 17.8 .6 151 9.6 18.9 1 3.6 .1 88 5.6 29.3 67 4.2 47.2 1 3.6 .3 - -- 1.577 100.0 27.1 28 100.0 .5 - 116 - '"" ~..- Total Number Percent Under 16 30 .3 16 - 20 1,176 11.2 21 - 25 26 - :'\0 3,286 2,287 31.4 21.8 31 - 35 1,710 16.3- 36 - 40 41 - 50 Over 50 1,324 479 179 12.6 4.6 1.8 TOTAL 10,471 10-_0...--0 'Jnder 16 Total Numb. er Percent 11 .2 16 - 20 563 10.0 21 - 25 26 - 30 1,807 1,372 32.1 4. 24.4 31 - 35 931 16.5 36 - ~o 642 11.4 41 - 50 245 4.4 Over 50 TOTAL ~_. 56 1.0 I- 5,627 100.0 TABLE 4 (Cont'd) P/IRT V DISTURBANCES OF THE PUBLIC PEACE A. TOTAL White Male 1% White 1% Age Number Male Group Number 8 .1 26.7 - 522 8.5 44.4 38 2,020 33.0 61.5 256 1,562 25.5 68.2 176 1,067 17.4 62.3 182 727 11.9 54.9 249 202 3.3 42.2 59 18 .3 10.0 23 6,126 100.0 58.5 983 . FelDA e % White 1~ Age Female Group -- 3.9 3.2 26.1 7.7 17.9 7.7 18.5 25.~ 6.0 10.7 18.8 12.3 2.3 100.0 12.8 9.4 _e 1% Negro Number Male 22 .8 Negro -- % Age Group emale I" flegro I" Age Number Female Group 73.3 - -- -545 19.9 46.3 71 11.4 6.1 864 31.6 26.4 146 23.4 4.4 428 15.6 18.7 121 19.4 5.4 359 13.1 21.0 248 9.1 18.7 102 16.3 6.0 100 16.1 7.6 165 6.0 34.4 53 8.5 11.1 107 3.9 59.8 31 4.9 17.4 2,73H 100.0 26.1 624 100.0 6.0 B. DRUNKJ<:NNESS .. _--- - - - - _ . _ - - - - - White Male Female I % White I % Age %White Number Male Group Number Female 5 .2 45.5 -- % Age Group - 295 7.7 52.4 12 3.2 2.1 1,273 33.3 70.5 107 28.5 5.9 1,073 28.0 78.2 75 20.0 5.4 643 16.8 69.1 78 20.7 8.3 392 10.2 61.1 100 26.5 15.5 146 3.8 59.6 4 1.1 1.6 3,82~1100.: - - - - 68.0 _. 376 100.0 6.7 Number 6 Male % Negro Male .5 Ne ;'0 , %Age Group Female I % Negro I ~ Age Number Female Group 54.5 - -- 230 20.3 40.9 26 9.0 4.6 365 32.2 20.2 62 21.4 3.4 164 14.5 12.0 60 20.7 4.4 147 12.9 15.8 63 21.7 6.8 96 8.5 15.0 54 18.6 8.4 70 6.2 28.6 56 4.9 100.0 25 8.6 10.2 - -- 1,134 100.0 20\2 290 100.0 -5.1 C. VAGRANCY Under 16 3 3 .4 100.0 16 - 20 249 10.1 72 8.1 28.9 20 3.8 8.0 119 38 14.9 15.3 21 - 25 673 I 27.2 248 27.9 36.s 123 23.1 18.3 251 51 7.6 26 - 30 4331 17.5 164 18.5 37.9 89 16.7 20.5 136 31.4 44 17.2 10.2 "~ :: : :: :: I ':., ::: I :::: ::: I ,:: :::: ::: :::: :::: :: :::: ::: .:~ ItT~:~~~.::_:~~:~2~,~4~7~4~~=1~0-~0-~.'-0:::~-::o.-~-~ -.~~~:.8~8"I"""~-~1:0::0::.~:0:::;=:3:~5:~.:~9:==~~~.--""5""~:::;~-_+-~1:;:00':;::-:.0:;o-1-;2":1;-:.-;:5;--1l-,--;;7;.;;9:::;9+-~1::;0::;0-.::;::0:+-3:;;C2::;::-.3:=-+----;2"5c;5O-:+-'-;;1""0c;;0,;-:.~:0+:~1:;:0-.:3:::-:1: D. HOBOING ~~~J ~f:o.::~~~~1~'~,,:F.Wh.: .: :i: t:l:~I%~G: r~ : ~ ~ ~ N~um=b~e.: ~%1~ :~:r:l: 'O~1+: : :. : : :~ e4~: : um=b: e: r4~%:~: :~:gr: ~: ~4:1r~ : ~:-~ ~: ~::: ::: I I : : : ~:: 1 ~::: :::: 26 .. 30 i :~::: I 41 - 50 lover 50 tr~TAL-n 227 170 203 35 8 -1,253 18.1 13.6 157 1 117 16.2 153 2.8 .7 ----1-.100.0 19.9 14.8 19.4 69.2 68.8 75.4 3 50.0 1 16.7 2 .6 100.0 .8 ~:: :::: :::: .4 68 15.1 30.0 52 11.5 30.6 1.0 48 10.6 23.6 35 7.8 100.0 8 1.9 100.0 _ ... -. - - ' - - - _ . - - - .5 451 100.0 36.0 5 71.4 1 14.3 1 .6 7 100.0 .5 - 117- Tntal Number Percent Under 16 8 1.9 16 - 20 ~,..'# 94 21.8 21- 25 155 35.8 26 - 30 97 22.1 31 - 35 36- 40 61 14.1 12 2.8 41 - 50 Over 50 TOTAL 5 1.2 -- 432 100.0 TABLE 4 (Cont'd) PART V - Disturbances of the Public Peace (Conttd) Number 1 E. MALICIOUS MISCHIEF White 1;1> White I~ Age MaJ.e Group .5 12.5 %Lema~ White Number Female -- - ~ Age Group - Number -7 % ~=f~o 4.6 Neln'o ~ Age Group 87.5 Number - male %Negro Female - ---- ~ Age Group - 15 6.9 16.0 4 23.5 4.2 71 47.3 75.5 4 8.3 4.3 82 37.7 52.9 6 35.3 3.9 50 33.3 32.2 17 35.4 11.0 65 29.9 67.0 50 23.0 82.0 2 1.0 16.7 2 1.0 40.0 - -- 2 11.8 2.1 - -- 5 29.4 41.7 - -- - -- 19 12.7 19.6 3 2.1 4.9 - -- - -- - -- 11 22.9 11.3 8 16.6 13.1 5 10.5 41.6 3 6.3 60.0 - -- 217 100.0 50.2 17 100.0 4.0 150 100.0 34.7 48 100.0 11.1 F. OTHER DISTURBANCES Total Number Percent Under 16 3 .4 16 - 20 53 7.7 21 - 25 263 38.4 26 -30 158 23.0 31 - 35 137 20.0 36 - 40 39 5.7 41 - 50 18 2.7 Over 50 14 2.1 TOTAL 685 100.(} White I" lIaLe Female 1:1> White Number Male Age Group 1:1>_ White I)'; Age Number Female Group 2 .5 66.7 - -- 23 5.7 44.0 2 3.8 4.0 172 42.5 65.4 17 32.6 6.5 103 25.4 1;5.2 9 17.3 5.7 98 24.S 71.5 9 17.3 6.6 5 1.2 12.8 12 23.2 30.8 2 .5 11.1 - -- 405 100.0 59.2 2 3.9 11.1 l l.n 7.1 52 100.0 7.6 Number 1 Male )'; ~egro Male .5 Negro I Female "GrAougep I %_ Negro 1, Age! Number Female Group I 33.3 - -- 25 12.2 .:16.0 3 12.4 6.0 63 30.9 23.9 11 45.8 4.2 41 20.1 25.9 5 20.8 3.2 26 12.7 19.0 22 10.8 56.4 14 6.9 77.8 12 5.9 85.8 4 16.8 2.9 - -- - -- 1 4.2 7.1 204 100.0 29.7 24 100.0 _ 3.5_ J 'rotal Number Percent Under 16 33 1.3 16 - 20 648 l!6.~ 21 - 25 '75~ 30.9 26 - 30 403 16.5 31 - 35 229 9.4 36 - 40 20'7 8.5 41 - 50 134 5.5 Over 50 33 1.~ TOTAL 2,440 100.0 PART VI -Male I% White Number Male ROBBERY White Female I~r~~~ Number %F:i: 1% Age Group 11 1.~ 33.3 2 4.9 6.1 221 26.7 34.1 8 19.5 1.3 244 29.5 32.4 13 31.7 1.7 170 20.5 42.2 2 4.9 .5 75 9.1 32.8 6 14.6 2.6 50 6.0 24.2 50 6.0 37.3 2 4.9 1.0 - -- 7 .9 21.2 8 19.5 24.2 828 1-0').(1 I 33.9 I 41 100.0 -1--.7 Number Male % Negro Male Ne ~ Age Group 0 ---F-emale %Negro Number Ferr.ale I % Ae Grt)up 16 1.1 48.5 4 3.~ 12.1 400 27.5 61.7 19 17.0 2.fl 464 31.8 61.6 32 28.5 4.:3- 215 14.7 53.3 16 14.3 4.(1 136 9.3 59.4 146 10.0 70.5 70 4.8 52.3 12 I I 9 14 I 10.7 1 5.2 I 8.0 II 4.3 12.5 10.4 12 1,459 .8 36.4 100.0 59.8 6 , 5.4 18.2 - 112 100.0 4.6 -- -=~ PAnT VII BURGLARY 1f----".-i.M~a"jl~e'_:_'"'co=W__h,i-t-e-_,__;lF:,~e~-'i.,"~"c--;-=-If------,.,---~M~~~I.~.;--_-_--_"._"N1_"~"n "_"_-_- t---u=~T~ot'i"a";le:-:-:--~__;::__j1 )'; White " Age %_ White % Age % Negro T% Age ------_%:_FN'eemgarokT_%-A--ge--'I; Number Percent Number Male Gro~ Number Female Group Number Male Group Number Fe~~~oLg,~~ Under 16 283 3.4 31 16 - 20 2,966 36.1 893 30.1 3 6.5 1.1 249 15 .5 2037 36.1 68.7 I ' 21 .~ 10.: I 21 - 25 2,230 27.2 648 28.0 29.1 17 36.9 .7 1494 26.5 67.0 71 35.7 26 - 30 1,219 14.9 504 21.8 41.3 8 17.4 .7 656 53.8 51 25.6 4.2 31 - 35 616 7.5 137 5.9 22.2 1 439 7.8 71.3 39 19.6 36 - 40 345 75 21.7 1 257 4.5 74.5 12 6.0 41 - 50 435 25 1.1 406 7.2 93.4 4 2.0 II .9 OVer 50 113 2 .1 1.8 1 2.2 .9 109 1.9 96.4 1 .5 .9 I - ~ ~ ~ + - ~ ~ - j ~ ~ ~ - - f ~ ~ ~ + - ~ ~ - + ~ ~ + ~ ~ - + ~ ~ - r----------jr--~~-t--~----t-.~- ~ I - - - ~ ~ + - ~ ~ - + - - ~ _ 1 TOTAL 8,20'7 100.0 2,315 100.0 28.2 46 100.0 .6 5,647 100.0 68.8 199 100.0 - 118_ TABLE 4 (Contle) PART VIII LARCENIES A. TOTAL Total Number Percent _ . IiA1._~__"Vlh1te 1% White 'J, ABe Number Male Group .- Number F.",.". %White Female .. ~ Age Group Under 16 538 1.9 191 1.8 35.5 10 1.6 1.9 16 - 20 21 - 25 6,498 7,200 23.3 25.9 2,492 3,014 23.4 28.3 38.4 41.9 104 16.3 1.6 136 21.3 1.9 26 - 30 31 - 35 4,888 3,265 17.6 11.7 2,027 1,384 19.1 13.0 41.5 42.4 103 16.1 2.1 100 15.6 3.1 36- 40 2,561 9.2 930 8.7 36.3 109 17.1 4.3 41 - 50 1,825 6.6 404 3.8 22.1 74 11.6 4.1 Over 50 1,055 3.8 190 1.9 18.0 3 .4 .3 TOTAL 27,830 100.0 10,632 100.0 38.2 639 100.0 2.~ Male % Negro Number Male Ne ro ~ ABe~ .. Group Number Female %" Negro Female -~ /" Age Group 283 2.0 52.6 54 2.3 10.0 3,625 25.5 55.8 277 12.0 4.2 3,390 23.8 47.1 660 28.f' 9.1 2,390 16.8 48.9 368 15.8 7.5 1,442 10.1 44.1 339 14.6 10.4 1,194 8.4 46.7 328 14.2 12.7 1,166 8.2 I 63.9 181 7.8 9.9 752 14,242 5.21 71.~ 100.0 51.2 110 2,317 4.8 100.0 10.4 8.3 Total Number Percent Under 16 85 2.9 16 - 20 920 31.9 21 - 25 820 28.4 26 - 30 394 13.6 31 - 35 228 7.9 36- 40 232 8.0 41 - 50 187 6.5 Over 50 22 .8 TOTAL 2,888 100.0 _..- Number 66 632 !lAh 1% White Male 3.9 37.8 B. LARCENY OF AUTO White Female % Age 1%. White Group Number Female 77.6 -- ~r~~~ - 68.7 21 47.8 2.3 425 25.4 51.8 13 29.5 1.6 215 12.9 54.6 5 11.4 1.3 110 6.6 48.2 2 4.5 .9 100 6.0 43.1 I 3 6.8 1.3 121 7.2 64,7 - -- 3 .2 13.6 - -- 1,672 100.0 57.9 44 100.0 1.5 Number 19 i Male % Negro Male 1.6 Ne ro % ABe Group 22.4 Number - Female %" Negro Female - % ABe Group - 266 23.0 28.9 1 6.2 .1 377 32.6 46.0 5 31.4 .6 170 14.7 43.1 4 25.0 1.0 112 9.7 49.1 4 25.0 1.8 128 65 19 1,156 11.1 5.6 1.7 100.0 55.2 M.8 86.4 40.0 jJ.: 1 6.2 1 6.2 -- 16 100.0 .6 , C. LARCENY FROM HOUSE -.-r----~---_r_----- ...- - - - - - - - - - - - - _ r _ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - , White Ne", 0 Total lIa:e % White % Age Fema e I % White ~ Age Male % Negrc 1~ ABe Fema.le %.Negro %Age Number Percent Number Male Group Number Female Group Number Male Group Number Female Group Under 16 79 9 2 41 27 16 - 20 1,722 27.4 450 64 41.8 1,082 126 12.2 21 - 25 26 - 30 1,357 1,172 21.7 18.7 300 24.9 22.1 197 27 17.6 24 722 18.6 63.2 803 308 29.8 22.7 , 148 31 - 35 726 11.6 36 - 40 551 8.8 103 8.6 100 8.3 18.2 7 4.6 11 I 2.0 475 65.4 141 13.61' 19.4 306 7.9 134 13.0 24.3 41 - 50 443 7.1 44 3.7 9.9 16 10.5 298 Over 50 211 3.4 - - - 2 I 1.3 1.0 144 b~~T~0~T~A~~':~'-~=:dr~~"tj~-,:2:6:1:~+:::~1~0=-~0~.~0=~--tt::~:1~-,~-=2:0~-=3:~+::~1=-~0=-~0=-~.~0=-.J:~~1~9~.-=2::~:.::o~1:5.~3:='t~E~o.ot---.3~4.3_,_8_7~ 85 8.2 1 19.2 d 68.2 65 6.3 30.8 ._..~6~1~.~9==o!~.~~~,~O~M~~._1~0.~o~_~1sLl6. Total Number Percent Number F~~~~~+~~~-+-~-- Under 16 5 1.8 1 D. LARCDIY",,* PERSOR 4.8 20.0 ...----=1 Fef.1.L.ls % Necro Fe~&le. ~ % A~~ 1 ~:r~~ _i 16 - 20 61 21.6 30 19.0 6.6 20 15.3 21 - 25 96 M.O 26 48! 36.6 41.1 16.6 26 - 30 56 19.9 20 22.0 35.7 6 28.6 10.7 21 16.0 9 31 - 35 36 - 40 41 - 50 Over 50 38 13.5 12 4.3 9 3.2 5 1.7 13 1 14.3 1.1 bk- -- 34.2 - 11.1 I 4 19.0 10.6 -I - 14 10.7 12 9.2 100.0 8 6.1 88.9 5 3.8 100.0 7 ~::T:0:T~A;L::::~:::2;;82;:1:::1;0:0:.:0::1:::::;9;1:1::1;0;0:.~0::::3;2:.::3 21 ~~~ 7 4~~~~1;;3;;1;d~"'1;,;;O,~0~.~0~~4~6"'.:"?.:.,,~,~~~3;,;;9~.~"'1;,;;0;,;;0~.0~~1;c;3;c;.'"8o=J - 119 - TABLE 4 (Cont';') PART VIII - Larcenies (Cont'd) E. LARCENY OF LIVE STOCK ~. L I Under 16 16 - 20 21 - 25 26 - 30 31 - 35 36 - 40 41 - 50 I Over 50 I TOTAL 'l'nh' Number Percent 2 .6 85 24.8 96 28.0 60 17.5 44 12.8 15 4.4 14 4.1 27 7.8 343 100.0 ':T:so 1---. 1Ia1. lihite llumber Jla1e 2 1.4 50 32.9 50 32.9 Wh' % Age Group 100.0 58.8 52.1 Female %. White ~_ Age Number Female Group - - --- - - 25 16.4 41.7 25 16.4 56.8 - - ---. -- 1 100.0 1.6 - - - - - - - - - - -- 152 100.0 44.3 1 100.0 .3 _. Fellll Le 1Ia1e % N.gro ~ Age Number b1e Group Female %. Negro I ~_ Age Number Female Group - -- - -- 35 19.7 n.2 - -- 40 22.5 41.7 6 50.0 6.2 31 17.4 51.7 3 25.0 5.0 17 9.6 38.6 2 16.7 4.6 14 7.8 93.3 14 7.8 100.0 27 15.2 100.0 17S 100.0 51.9 1 8.3 6.7 -- - - - - 12 100.0 3.5 ~ F. EMBEZZLEMENT Under 16 16 - 20 21 - 25 Total NUJlber Pereant -- -- 5 4.6 26 - 30 13 11.9 31 - 35 41 37.6 36 - 40 29 26.6 41 - 50 I Over 50 TOTAL 17 15.6 4 \~.7 109 100.0 G. LARCENY OF COTTON Total Number Percent Under 16 1 2.0 16 - 20 6 12.0 21 - 25 17 34.0 26 - 30 8 16.0 31 - 35 13 26.0 36 - 40 2 4.0 41 - 50 1 2.0 Over 50 2 4.0 TOTAL 50 100.0 H. LARCENY AFTER TRUST i-r I '00;;" White I----:H:~~~e,~rc~e~:,~:~~~N~umb~e~:4%~1~~;;M :a;;:it~::4a 1_"G1 _:_:_e :~:+r_N__'ume _be_m ~+1"~'F_a ~_ma_;e_~-~-'-F-~G-:.~-,~-,~,-_+_N_wbli_l:-:-+%I_-="_:_~_e: NelU'o Fe 1e ~0"1IFI ~G_:_~~~",~+~N~um~b~er~:4%1'F~N~e:a~:~~~~+I~G~r~~"~:~4 26 - 30 374 19.1 218 22.5 58.3 10 29.4 2.0 166 19.3 33.1 12 35.3 3.2 I 121 14.1 32.4 26 26.3 5.1 23 23.2 6.1 31 - 35 36 - 40 I - 50 I 296 238 I I 129 15.1 12.1 6.5 132 13.7 44.6 115 11.9 48.3 15 1.5 11.6 er 50 139 7.1 I 57 5.9 41.0 5 14.7 1.7 142 16.5 48.0 17 17.2 5.7 1 4 I 11.8 1.7 110 i 12.8 46.2 I 9 9.1 I 3.8 --8;1 1.~ 1;i:~J~_:::~j=_~_~_LI0::~J_~:_ - I - - il I 102 I 11.9 79.1 12 I 12.1 1 9.3 -I -I I j r-----.)----:f - - - - I. LARCENY OF CHICKENS ----~Ma~l-e----\ ".i'i'Th-i't =-e------F,---:~e=-m-a=-l-=-e-----..i_t----------M-a-=l-,--;-e-'------~ - - - ---Fem - ...- - s.l';--- Ir~-;n'd~-;l~ -=-~-T'-'o"-'ta1 _ !1l1ll~~ ~"-:~: --- [WhTte-Tnge II_N~~-:I ~le _I Grou: ------ %\lhite Numbe: Femal: ~_ Age 1% ~ge- 1------ '% Negro '% Ag';- Gr~O~u~:~~Flb~mb"""":~:+~Ma~1:~e:~I1G~9:~r:~o;u~.:~.~_~Num~~b~e~:+~F~e~ma~1~:TG~r~o-u~:4 I 16 - 20 I 49 I 14.2 I i ! : : : : 36 - 40 i 41 - 50 Over 50 TOTAL ': I ::: II 28 8.1 I 23 6.7 13 3.8 344 100.0 12 i 13.8 I 24.5 ~ :::: I ::: - -_ I - - - 1 1.2 I 7.7 87 100.0 I 25.3 1 20.0 2.0 : :::: ::: 34 14.0 69.4 ~:: :: i I :::: 2 20.0 4.1 ~ ~::: ~:: - -- 25 10.3 89.3 3 30.0 10.7 - - - 23 9.5 100.0 - - - - - - 12 5.0 5 100.0 1.5---\f-e---24-2-1L--I-0-0-.-0-+--7-0-.~3-+---1-0-1~-10-0-.-0-+--::-2-.9::---1 _ 120 - I I Total Number Percent Under 16 4 3.7 16 - 20 60 55.0 21 - 25 39 35.8 26 - 30 4 3.7 31 - 35 1 .9 36 - 40 41 - 50 Over 50 ~. TOTAL 1 .9 -- -- 109 100.0 TABLE 4 (Cont'd) PART VIII - Larcenies (Cont'd) - J. LARCENY OF BICYCLE Wh +'A Ma: e Fema e i:li White ~. Age I%. White 1% Age Number Male Group Number Female Group 1 4.3 25.0 - -- 10 43.5 16.7 10 43.5 25.6 - -- - 2 8.7 50.0 - -- - -- -- - -- - -- - -- - -- - -- - -- 23 100.0 21.1 - -- N ~, MA'IA FemalA 'I> Negro ~ Age % Negro %Age Number Male Group Number Female Group 3 3.5 75.0 50 58.1 83.3 29 33.7 74.4 2 2.3 50.0 1 1.2 100.0 1 1.2 100.0 ----- - - - --- - -- -- - - -- -- 86 100.0 78.9 - -- --- - -- Total Number Percent Under 16 63 1.8 16 - 20 521 14.7 21 - 25 1268 35.9 26 - 30 553 15.6 31 - 35 397 11.2 36 - 40 395 11.2 41 - 50 150 4.2 Over 50 190 5.4 TOTf.L 3,537 100.0 K. SIMPLE LARCENY White MAlA Female Number I%White Male : ~ Age Group fi Wh:L1:e 1 ~ Age Number Femele Group 3 .3 4.8 - -- 80 7.8 15.4 2 7.1 .4 421 41.2 33.2 6 21.4 .5 200 19.5 36.2 4 14.3 .7 205 20.0 51.6 6 21.4 1.5 115 - 1,024 11.2 - 100.0 29.1 - - 29.0 8 28.7 2.0 2 - - - 7.1 1.3 28 100.0 .8 Ne 0 Male Female ~ Negro ~ Age Number Male Group Number ".FeNmegarloe i ~ Age Group 51 2.3 81.0 9 3.4 14.2 416 18.7 79.8 23 8.8 4.4 783 35.2 61.7 58 22.2 4.6 307 13.8 55.5 42 16.0 7.6 138 6.2 34.8 48 18.3 12.1 208 9.4 52.7 64 24.4 16.2 130 190 2,223 5.8 86.7 8.6 100.0 100.0 62.8 18 6.9 12.0 - -- 262 100.0 7.4 Total K\UIlber Percent Under 16 265 3.9 16 - 20 2,195 32.2 21 - 25 1,470 21.6 26 - 30 1,202 17.5 31 - 35 555 8.1 36 - 40 393 5.8 41 - 50 492 7.2 Over 50 242 3.6 TOTAL 6,814 100.0 L. OTHER LARCENIES White Male Female Number I" Wh:rte Male ~ Age Group Number ".FWemhaitlee ~ Age Group 95 5.3 35.9 6 7.0 2.3 680 37.6 31.0 2 2.4 .1 350 19.3 23.8 20 23.6 1.4 365 20.2 30.4 19 22.3 1.6 152 8.4 27.4 17 20.0 3.1 75 4.2 19.1 8 9.4 2.0 40 2.2 8.1 12 14.1 2.4 51 2.8 21.1 1 1.2 .4 1,809 100.0 26.6 85 100.0 1.2 Ne 0 Male Fe Number " MNeaglero ~ Age Group 1 %. Negro ~ Age Number Femele Group 146 3.5 55.0 18 2.4 6.8 1,406 33.7 64.0 107 14.3 4.9 878 21.1 59.7 222 29.7 15.1 697 16.7 58.0 120 15.9 10.0 267 6.9 51.7 99 13.2 17.8 216 5.2 55.0 385 9.2 78.3 94 12.5 23.9 55 7.3 11.2 155 3.7 64.0 35 4.7 14.5 4,170 100.0 61.2 750 100.0 11.0 Total Number Percent Under 15 2 1.4 15 - 20 37 25.0 21 - 25 41 27.7 26 - 30 28 18.9 31 - 35 16 10.8 36 - 40 11 7.4 41 - 50 7 4.7 Over 50 6 4.1 TOTAL 148 100.0 M. ATTEMPTED LARCENIES Male Number I" WMahliete 2 3.2 19 30.7 23 37.1 White FAMAlA ~ Age %. White ~ Age Group Number Femele Group 100.0 - -- 51.4 56.1 - - -- - 15 24.2 53.6 1 1.6 6.3 2 3.2 18.2 - -- - -- 1 100.0 3.5 -- -- -- - -- - -- 62 100.0 41.9 1 ,100.0 .7 Ne,,,,n Male Fema 8 " \legro. ~Age % Negro ~ Age Number Male Group Number Female Group - - - - -- 17 20.7 45.9 1 33.3 2.7 17 20.7 41.5 12 14.5 42.9 1 33.3 2.4 - -- 14 17.1 87.5 9 11.0 81.8 7 8.6 100.0 6 7.3 100.0 1 33.4 6.2 - -- - --- 82 100.0 55.4 3 100.0 2.0 - 121 - foUl _er rercen1; U~r 61 5 16-10 UI 10.11 11 - III 1.O'fI' lI'I'.1I " - 1lO 6.,. l'r.& 111 lllI 681 1'1.6 36 0 5111 U.! n 50 SOli OTer &0 170 4.4 TABLE. (Cont'd) PART VIII - Larcenies (Cont'd) _e N. CHEATING AND SWINDLING li White ~_ Age lt1mber 1Ia1e Group 1Ia1o _% Negro ~ Age Number Male Group .1 80.0 1 12.6 8ll.5 Ill! 111.0 80.11 11.& 3.6 158 20.& U.7 18.'7 '7'7.11 1111 14.6 16.7 16.11 611.5 12.3 61!.'7 138 17.9 20.2 118 16.11 21.4 i3 89 100.0 601 772 100.0 19.9 Fema e %_ Negro :l; Age Number Female Group 2 .5 9 .8 16 15 20.0 19 25.3 8 10.7 2.6 6 75 100.0 Total !IUIIlber rereen1; Under 16 - - 16 - 20 18 12.6 21 - 2& &0 M.'7 26 - SO 31-" lllI-"" 62 36.1 111 i.O II 6.11 41 - 50 OTer 50 2 1.4 -- TotAL 1" 100.0 O. DI!FRAUDIIO BOARD BILL White ....l.e ema e % White ~ Age %.lIhita ~ Age llumber 1Ia1e Group Number Female Group - -- 10 11.0 56.6 .- -- - - 36 311.4 72.0 50 45.1 116.2 10 II" '71.' 5 8ll.3 10.0 - -- - -- 5 & &li - -- - -- -1 1&.7 11.1 -- -- -- 111 100.0 "".1 6 100.0 4.2 -.rare- Ne 1% Negro ~ Age NUlIber Male Group - -- 8 40.0 .4 I 0 Female % Negro I % Age Number Female Group - -- - - .;, 5 25.0 10.0 4 57.1 8.0 1 5.0 1.9 1 H.ll 1.9 2 10.0 15 1 14.11 7.7 2 10.0 22.2 2 10.0 100.0 - -- 1 14.3 11.1 - -- - -- 20 100.0 13.9 7 100.0 4.8 Under 16 16 - 20 Total Number Percent -- -- 21 - 25 112 29.5 26 - 30 124 32.7 31 - 116 116 40 92 24.3 28 7.4 41 50 14 3.'7 OTer fO i 2.4 TOTAL 117i 100.0 P. PASSING WOR'1'IILESS CHECKS lihite ,,:I.e Ji'ema:l.e % White I ~ Age %_ lIhite ~ Age llumber 1Ia1e Group _ e r Female Group - - -- - --- 102 M.O 91.0 5 29.4 4.5 110 116.7 88.7 4 23.5 3.2 75 26.0 81.5 2 11.8 2.2 13 4.3 46 - - -- -- 300 100.0 79.2 4 23.5 14.3 2 11.8 14.3 - -- 17 100.0 4.5 Ne ro lIa:e Female % Negro ~ Age % Negro :ib Age Number Male Group Number Female Group - -- - -- - -- - -- 5 8.6 4.5 - -- 10 17.3 8.1 - -- 13 22.3 14.1 11 19.0 39.3 2 50.0 2.2 - -- 10 17.11 71.4 9 15.5 100.0 2 50.0 14.3 - -- 58 100.0 15.3 4 100.0 1.0 - Total N1mber percent Under 16 8 1 1. - 20 127 n.1! -11 25 14'7 25.'7 26. 110 92 16.1 111 - 115 811 14.6 116 - .0 n - 50 66 11.& M 6.0 OTer liO 15 2.6 TOTAL 672 100.0 Q. LARCENY FROM AUTO White V.-Ie Ji'ema e , White _er kle I~_ Age Group II -1.4 11'7.& ,%. lIhite ,~ Age - - . Number Femalo Group 117 1'7.1 211.1 2 40.0 1.6 61 21.5 1l'7.4 ll'7 17.1 40.2 n 111.0 .9.4 115 16.1! 1lI.0 8 3.7 2:5.6 - -- 216 100.0 37.8 - - - .2 40.0 1 -. 1 20.0 1.& - - - -- 6 100.0 .9 N1DIber 6 88 90 II&le ,. .ogro 11&10 1.4 211.4 25.11 Nec,.n Female ~ Age 1% Negro ~_ Age Group Number Female Group 62.& 69.1161.2 -- - ---- 54 15.6 58.7 1 25.0 1.1 n 11.8 49.4 1 25.0 1.2 28 8.1 42.5 26 '7.6 76.5 16 4.3 100.0 2 50.0 3.0 - - -- .- 1547 100.0 60.6 4 100.0 .7 - 122 - Total Number Percent Under 16 14 1.8 16 - 20 52 6.5 21 - 25 i12 26.7 26 - 30 221 27.8 31 - 35 126 15.8 36 - 40 76 9.6 41 - 50 46 5.8 OVer 50 48 6.0 TOTAL 795 100.0 TABLE 4 (Cont'd) PART IX FORGERY - Wl ite 1% White ~ Age Number lIale Group 4 .9 28.6 - -- 1% White I~ Age Number Female Group - -- 7 22.6 13.5 115 25.8 54.2 10 32.3 4.7 149 33.5 67.4 11 35.5 5.0 76 17.2 60.3 2 6.5 1.6 50 11.2 65.8 25 5.6 54.3 26 5.8 54.2 1 3.1 1.3 - -- - -- 445 100.0 56.0 :31 100.0 3.9 Number 10 % Negro lIale 3.6 Nellro FA... , .. % Age % Negro 1% Age Group Number Female Group 71.4 - -- 43 15.4 82.7 2 5.1 3.8 67 23.9 31.6 20 51.2 9.5 50 17.9 22.6 11 28.2 5.0 42 15.0 33.3 25 8.9 32.9 21 7.5 45.7 22 7.8 45.8 6 15.5 4.8 - -- -- - -- 280 100.0 35.2 39 100.0 4.9 Total Number Percent Under 16 8 .3 16- 20 648 20.2 21 - 25 1,010 31.4 26 - 30 638 19.8 31 - 35 376 11.7 36 - 40 257 8.0 41 - 50 203 6.3 Over 50 75 2.3 TOTAL 3,215 100.0 PART X NON-SUPPORT A. TOTt.L Male 1% White Number ~e 1 .1 102 10.0 290 28.4 Whi e Female ~ Age % White I~ Age Group Number Female Group 12.5 15.7 - - -- - 28.7 - -- 232 22.7 36.4 3 75.0 .5 166 16.2 44.1 107 10.5 41.6 99 9.7 48.8 25 2.4 33.3 1 25.0 .3 -- -- -- - -- 1,022 100.0 31.8 4 100.0 .1 Number 7 Ne Male " Negro ~ Age Male Group .3 87.5 0 Female 1%. Negro 1% Age Number Female Group - -- 544 25.0 84.0 2 25.0 .3 718 32.9 71.1 2 25.0 .2 4bl 18.4 62.8 2 25.0 .3 208 9.5 55.3 1 12.5 .3 149 104 50 2,181 6.8 4.8 2.3 100.0 58.0 51.2 66.7 67.9 1 12.5 .4 - - -- -- 8 100.0 .2 Total NumOer Percent Under 16 7 .5 16 - 20 484 36.1 21 - 25 474 35.4 20 30 165 12.3 31 - 35 110 8.2 36 - 40 39 2.9 41- 50 47 3.5 Over 50 14 1.1 TOTAL 1,340 100.0 B. BASTARDY v., .. White Female :' White ~ Age I". White I~ Age Number Male Group Number Female Group - -- - -- 70 25.0 14.5 - -- 113 40.4 23.8 - -- 42 15.0 25.5 - -- 30 10.7 27.3 - -- 8 2.9 20.5 - -- 16 5.7 34.0 - -- 1 .3 7.1 - -- 280 100.0 20.9 -. - - Ne"ro V.I .. % Negro ~ Age .~ Female % Negro 1% f.ge Number Male Group Number Female Group -7 414 .7 100.0 39.1 85.5 - -- -- 361 34.1 76.2 - -- 123 11.6 74.5 80 7.5 72.7 - -- -- 31 2.9 79.5 31 2.9 66.0 - -I - -. 13 1.2 92.9 - -- l,06~ 100.0 79.1 - -- C ABA NOO NMENT Whi te -'N""e=;"'r~o'____ ~="';_---- Total number ercent 1f---N-um-b-e-r-t."..-i~M"a:a?il"e::'ce:-l~lG'rr,~"~"';:--1-Num--b-e-r""l,fFF_'e-,m~;;maa;;r.el1t.C'e~-G'rr'~"g~;:--1I----Nu-m-b-e-r--''''%'':.."M'e''a:lree''-o-:-1~lG-r'r'~"~~;:--1-N-um--b-e-:""1";F -F,;..:.:e..,m ,,g=~a'C:l:-erG.-rJ~-~~ Under 16 1 .1 1 .1 100.0 - - - - - - 16 - 20 164 8.7 32 4.3 19.5 - - - 130 11.6 79.3 2 25.0 1.~ 21 - 25 536 28.6 177 23.9 33.0 - - - 357 31.8 66.6 2! 25.0 I .4 26 - 30 473 25.2 31 - 35 266 14.2 190 25.6 40.2 136 18.3 51.1 3 75.0 .6 1 25.0 .4 278 24.8 58.8 128 11.4 48.1 2 I 25.0 I .4 I 1 I 12.5 .4 36 - 40 218 11.6 99 13.3 45.4 - - - 118 10.5 54.1 1 I 12.5 .5 :-=0-+--.-::c-it-l-1-:.-:~--cl=-0=-:=-:-:;:-t-4=-:=-:,:=-r--c:~L-J .~ 1 1----;;;"';"';.,-:L;:-::-1----:1::-8cc7cc::=-+j: --Ol-:::0-::::-::;:--\f----;;;7:4CC::o-t-c:l:-::::C:"-:2-=:+"':=-:-::;:-r----:-:--t-c:l:-:;0c0:-. - 123 - Total Number Fercent Under 16 88 2.7 16 - 20 781 24.0 21 - 25 1,035 31.8 26 - 30 512 15.7 31 - 35 370 11.4 36 - 40 233 7.1 41 50 118 3.6 Over 50 122 3.7 TOTAL 3,259 100.0 TABLE 4 (Cont'd) P/UlT XI SEX CRIMES Male 1% White Number Male A Wh te ~ Age Group Number TOTAL Female %. White Female ~ Age Group 31 1.9 35.2 5 1.4 5.7 473 28.6 60.4 84 23.5 10.9 607 36.6 58.5 95 26.8 9.4 2'11 15.7 50.8 41 11.6 8.2 IB 8.9 40.0 41 11.3 11.1 71 4.3 30.5 51 14.1 21.9 24 1.5 20.3 32 8.8 27.1 43 2.6 35.2 9 2.5 7.4 1,658 100.0 50.8 368 100.0 11.1 I IIale % Negro Number Mele 52 5.5 NelO'o Female ~r~~~ Number %F::fI~ % Age Group 59.1 - -- 202 21.2 25.9 22 7.6 2.8 242 26.4 23.3 91 31.4 8.8 134 14.1 26.2 76 26.2 14.8 121 12.6 32.4 60 21.0 16.5 81 8.4 34.7 30 10.4 12.9 52 5.5 44.1 70 7.3 57.4 10 3.4 8.5 - -- 954 100.0 29.2 289 ' 100.0 8.9 r Total Number Percent lJnder 16 14 16 _ 20 119 3.1 26.0 21 - 25 136 29.8 26 30 54 11.8 31 - 35 57 12.4 36 40 33 7.2 41 - 50 20 4.4 Over 50 . 24 5.3 TOTAL 457 100.0 B. RAPE Male 1% White Number Male 5 2.3 56 26.2 72 33.6 26 -12.1 25 11.7 15 7.0 5 2.4 10 4.7 214 100.0 White f"emale ~ Age %.White i\> Age Group Number Female Group 35.7 - -- 47.1 - -- 53.0 - -- 48.1 - -- 43.9 - -- 45.5 - -- 25.0 - -- 41.7 - -- 46.9 - -- Number 9 63 64 28 32 18 15 14 243 Ne 0'0 -~ Mele % Negro 1% Age Mele Group Female I %,Negro ~ Age Number Female Group 3.7 64.~ - -- 25.9 52.9 - -- 26.3 47.0 - -- 11.6 51.9 - -- 13.1 7.4 6.2 5.8 56.1 54.5 75.0 58.~ - - - -- .-- . 100.0 53.1 - -- C. ASSAULT WITH INTENT TO RAPE I'I I --T---~roa""'''e~-~-\\'h=ri",t",e------''OCema=l''e~-'-----1f-------'''=al..-:e;c--~----'N'-'e'--"o'----~F"'e:::m=a:cl".;c------1 ' : }.Total Ii _~~NUIIi~~- percenM - - - ",n lr WOhC1i.'"1t-;;e"T<~"---'A-;:g-;;e--+---T"%'.:'iWi-i-A"g=-=e:-t-----r1.%~.N2e":gr=o"--,%or-'A=ge=--I Number Male Group Number Pemale Group Number Male Group Number Female Group Under 161 13 i 3.3 3 1.4 23.1 - - - 10 5.5 76.9 - _ _ [ :16:- 20 I 72 i 18.3 II 41 19.4 56.9 - - - 31 17.1 43.1 - - - '[ 21 - 25" 137" 34.7 if 98 46.5 71.6 1 50.0.7 38 21.0 26 - 30 I :'.1 - :',5 :~ I 2~:: II :: 2::: :::: 1.: ~ 50.: :: , 65.5 36 - 40 14 I 3.6 II 14 i 100.0 41 - 50 13 I 3.3 I 13 100.0 k::~L50- 35 I 8.9 Ii 9 4.3 25.7 -I - 26 ~4t- 100:oT--2-1-1--+-1-0-0-.-0+-53-.-6----1--l0-~0-.20+---.-s-it---1-8-1+,---1-00-.-0--+-4-5.-9-t---_-t---_-t---_-\ D. SEDUCTION -- Total Numb'3r Percent Under 16 2 .7 16 - 20 109 39.2 Number 1 79 Mae % \\'hite Male .6 43.9 Wl:ite emale ~. Age %. \\'hite ~ Age Group Number Female Group 50.0 - -- 72.5 - -- 21 - 25 69 24.8 35 19.4 50.7 - -- 26 - 30 27 9.7 15 8.3 55.5 - -- 31 - 35 34 12.2 25 13.9 73.S - -- I 36 40 26 9.4 -11- SO 7 2.5 20 11.1 76.9 5 2.8 71.4 - -- - -- ~ t~ 64.~ l4= I Over 50 4 - TOTAL 278 100.0 . 180 --- Number 1 30 34 12 9 6 2 4 98 Ne ro Mae Fe!'W.le % ~:~~o '" Age Group [% Negro I~ Age Number Female Group 1.0 50.0 - -- 30.6 34.7 12.5 27 .~ 49.:5 44.5 - -- - -- -- 9.? 26.5 6.0 23.1 2.0 28.6 - -- I ~I - - - 4.0 1100.0 -I - - 100.0 35.3 - -- TABLE 4 (Cont'd) Part XI - Sex Crimee (Cont1d) E. ADULTERY AND FORNICATION - - - - - - - _ . _ . _ - - - - --_.,,- -_...!...----_._--- - ~ - - - - - - ~ . _ - - - - -~ ~ e--------~ .------~ White Total I Number iPercent '----~~~e Number Male ~ Age Group Female %. White Number Female .~ Age Group I Under 16 1 , 16 - 20 53 3.4 I 428 27.1 21 2.6 39.6 274 :34.0 64.0 5 2.0 9.5 79 31.3 18.5 I l,' 21 - 25 515 21; - 30 248 32.6 15.7 312 38.7 60.6 119 14.7 48.0 64 25.3 12.4 24 9.5 9.7 il 31 - 35 165 10.4 50 6.2 30.3 22 8.7 13.3 36 - 40 41 - 94 I 46 33 - I 1,582 -- 5.9 2.9 2.0 100.0 20 2.5 21.3 il ,: 33.3 --- 807 ~~-- . 100.0 ~ ._-51.0 23 9.2 26 10.4 9 3.6 252 100.0 - 24.5 56.5 27.3 15.9 Number 27 56 IIale :r; Negro lIale 9.2 19.0 Ne ....0 ~_ ABe %EN~egr-o -%-ArBe~ Group Number Female Group 50.9 - -- 13.1 19 8.3 4.4 66 22.4 12.8 7:5 32.0 14.2 40 13.6 16.1 65 28.5 26.2 42 14.2 25.5 51 22.4 30.9 ~3 11.2 35.1 18 7.9 19.1 18 5.1 39.1 13 4.3 39.4 2 .9 4.4 - -- 295 - .._- 100.0 18.6 I 228 100.0 14.5 F. PUBLIC INDECENCY I ~--------- ~~ ~-- ~~-------- ----.------~---~. Whit" ------~ l"ema e I Total Number Percent - Under 16 2 1.1 1% White ~ ABe Number Male Group - -- %_ White Number Female -- 16 - 20 27 15.3 16 17.4 .59.3 1 7.1 ~ Age Group - 3.7 21 - 25 62 -26 - 30 I 31 35 30 26 36 - 40 10 41- 50 15 Over 50 4 TOTAL - -----r76 35.2 17.0 14.8 5.7 8.5 2.4 10 _..._.... 0_- . 0 34 37.0 54.8 17 18.5 56.7 13 14.1 50.0 5 5.4 50.0 6 6.5 40.0 1 1.1 25.0 92 100.0 52.3 5 35.7 8.1 2 14.3 6.7 2 14.3 7.7 2 104.3 20.0 2 14.3 13.3 - -- 14 100.0 8.0 Number 2 8 ~._----~- Ne Male :r; Negro ~ ABe Male Group ro Number Female 1%_ Negro Female 3.6 100.0 - - ~ ABe Group i - 14.3 29.6 2 14.3 7.4 19 33.9 30.6 4 28.6' 6.5 10 17.7 33.3 1 7.1 3.3 9 16.1 :34.6 2 14.3 7.7 2 3.6 20.0 1 7.1 10.0 3 5.4 20.0 3 5.4 75.0 56 100.0 31.7 4 28.6 26.7 - -- - 14 100.0 8.0 G. SODOMY AND BEASTIALITY -F- - Tota: - ~~~i!~~-%-Ag~ite------ Under 16 2'~.::e: 4!e,::c:~l~1>.~ __ t - 9 Mal: G;:~~ 16 - 20 15 9.3 I 5 4.9 33.3 -I -~ri~~--ABe---- -~~ F-oo m-ale--~ A-ge Number Mla9:~.55 Group Number Female Group ~~-~~ 75.0 93 60.0 1 20.0 6.7 21 - 25 l 42 26.1 I 25 I 24.9 I 59.5 : 4 44.4 I 9.5 I 10 I 21.7 23.8 3 60.0 7.2 26 - 30 31 - 35 36 - 40 :: ~::! ::, :::: ~:: 34 21.1 24 23.91 70.5 2 22.2 I 5.9 Ii I :::: I : :::: I il 7 15.2 20.7 18.2 : I ,::: 27.8 1 20.0 2.9 :L ,::.1 ,~l-,::t~~~- 41 50 Over 50 TOTAL iooJ,;~ L-4:--+--1~-:-:-:-t ;~:~-l-- _~J~100.:Lcij 21 - 25 74 36.3 26 - 30 37 31 - 35 37 36 - 40 36 17.6 ::J_-,~:+- 2 20.0 4 5.0 40.0 4 12.5 40.0 31 62.0 I 21 26.2 28.3 11 10 20.0 27.1 11 13.8 29.7 7 I 21.9 7 18.9 16 20.0 43.3 61 i8.8 - - - 24 30.0 66.7 2 5.6 J",.:, ..:---;8-;:;+-~1~'~-;:c-+--;~"'9'~-;;--t- _J-c1'0':,:-=:-+-1-=~;-:;:,:-;:;-+- 11 26.3 9 21.4 8 19.0 21.6 10 23.8 4 9.5 I _ 4. 2---iI-=-1;0;-0-.-0+---.2=0-.:6:--I - 125 - TABLE 4 (Cont'd) PART XI - Sex Crimes (Cont'd) I. INCEST Under 16 16 - 20 21 - 25 26 - 30 Total Number Percent -- 1 14.3 -- 1 14.3 31 - 36 1 14.3 36 - 40 41- 50 Over 50 TOTAL 1 14.3 -- 3 42.8 7 100.0 PART XII GAMBLING A. TOTAL ~--I- Icf_-__~~;;;Ma1't'le~_,_~~-~----Wr,----if_t-.;------ I!----e,... % Negro I ~ Age 1% Negro I ~ age Number Male Group Humber Female Group - -- 7 12.5 77.8 -- -- -- 20 35.7 32.2 4 36.4 6.5 11 19.6 35.5 3 27.3 9.7 10 17.9 34.5 2 18.1 6.il 1 1.8 8.3 - -- 7 12.5 100.0 56 100.0 36.1 1 9.1 8.3 - - - 1 9.1 20.0 11 100..0 7.1 Under 16 Total Number Percent -- 16 - 20 3 9.3 21 - 25 7 21.8 26 - 30 2 6.3 31 - 35 8 25.0 36 - 40 2 6.3 41 - 50 2 6.3 Over 50 8 25.0 TOTAL 32 100.0 D. BRIBERY White MAle Female %White ~ Age 1% White ~ Age Number Male Group Number Female Group - - - - -- 2 10.5 66.7 5 26.3 71.4 -- -- -- 1 5.:3 50.0 - -- 4 21.0 50.0 1 5.3 50.0 -- - -- 1 5.3 50.0 5 26.3 62.5 19 100.0 59.4 --- - --- Ne IIale ~egro % Age Humber Me1e , Group - -- 1 10.0 33.3 - -- 1 10.0 SO.O 4 40.0 SO.O - -- 1 10.0 SO.O 3 30.0 37.5 10 100.0 31.2 0 Female I % Negro % Age Humber Female Group -- - - -- 2 66.7 28.6 - -- - -- 1 33.3 SO.O -- - - -- 3 100.0. 9.4 -~ Total NU111.ber Percent Under 16 2 .9 16 - 20 21 10.0 21 - 25 64 30.3 26 - 30 40 19.0 31 - 35 38 18.0 36 - 40 12 5.7 41 - 50 15 7.1 0ver 50 19 9.0 TOTAL 211 100.0 E. PERJURY Number 1 MIl: e % White Male .9 White .~ Age Group SO.O Number - Fema: e % White ~ Age Female Group -- 14 12.8 66.7 3, 25.0 14.3 41 37.6 64.1 4 33.3 6.3 23 21.1 57.5 2 16.7 5.0 24 22.0 63.1 2 16.7 5.3 3 2.8 25.0 - -- 3 2.8 15.8 1 8.3 8.3 - -- - -- 109 100.0 51.7 12 100.0 5.7 Number 1 4 bee % Negro Male 1.4 5.6 Ne" 0 Feme. e % Age Group Number %. Negro Female ~r~~; 50.0 - -- 19.0 - -- 11 15.5 17.2 8 42.1 12.4 9 12.7 22.5 6 :31.5 15.0 10 14.1 26.3 2 10.5 5.3 7 9.9 58.4 1 5.3 8.3 14 19.7 93.3 1 5.3 6.7 15 21.1 78.9 1 5.3 5.3 71 100.0 33.6 19 100.0 9.0 F. RIOTING IIh =N=uTm"b,oe"r- t ,I,,aPoe;lr,c=e=n=t-- 1~~===~:;;::~~%=;W M::ah:l;iet;e;::%::;A:g:We=h~i=t=e===:;I%:F~We~m~h:ai;t:ee::~%;=A=gte===~:J~~=;::;I;%;:MN::ea:gle:ro;::%:=NA=gee~""=N'uom==b;e=r ~!~%~FlFieNe:mme:gaa;lrl:ee0:;I;~;Gr:Ao:gu:e;p=~ Numoer Male Group Humber Female Group Number Male Group 4 3 6.5 42.9 26 1 33.3 13 28.3 28.3 6 42.9 13.0 14 21.5 45.2 1 33.3 3.2 12 26.1 38.7 4 28.6 12.9. 1 6.3 8 17.4 SO.O 2 14.3 12.5 4 8.7 40.0 1 7.1 10.0 2 4.3 25.0 1 7.1 12.5 4 8.7 44.4 1.5 100.0 - 129 - TABU! 4 (Cont1d) PART XV - Miscellaneous Crimea (Cont'd) O. FELONY Total Number ,Percent Under 16 77 2.2 16 - 20 21 - 25 26 - 30 1,070 757 767 30.4 21.5 21.7 31 - 35 335 9.5 36 - 40 235 6.7 41 - 50 160 4.5 OVer 50 123 3.5 TOTAL 3,524 100.0 Number 8 571 Male % White Male .5 36.3 White % Age Group 10.4 Number - Female %_ White llo Age Female Group -- 53.4 20 42.6 1.8 :516 20.1 41.7 282 17.9 36.8 9 19.1 1.2 6 12.8 .8 113 7.2 33.7 5 10.6 1.5 125 114 43 1,572 8.0 7.3 2.7 100.0 53.2 71.3 36.0 44.6 6 12.8 2.5 - -- 1 2.1 .8 47 100.0 1.3 I Male % Negro Number Male Negro ~ Age Group Number Female %_ Nep:ro Female ~r~~~ 60 3.6 77.9 9 4.2 11.7 461 27.3 43.1 18 8.4 1.7 370 21.9 48.9 62 28.8 8.2 433 25.6 56.4 46 21.4 6.0 175 10.3 52.2 42 19.5 12.6 85 5.0 36.2 19 8.8 8.1 34 2.0 21.2 12 5.6 7.5 72 4.3 58.5 7 3.3 5.7 1,690 100.0 48.0 215 100.0 6.1 Total Number Percent Under 16 6 1.0 16 - 20 30 5.0 21 - 25 170 28.4 26 - 30 158 26.4 31 - 35 139 23.2 36 - 40 60 10.0 41- 50 27 4,5 Over 50 9 1.5 TOTAL 599 100.0 P. MISr.~~LANEOUS MISDEMEANORS Male I% White Number Male 3 .8 Ie 3.1 White Female ~ Age 1% White Group Number Female 50.0 -- 40.0 1 5.9 ~ Age Group - 3.3 116 30.4 68.2 7 41.2 4.1 111 29.1 70.3 5 29.4 3.2 101 26.4 72.7 1 5.9 .7 30 7.9 50.0 9 2.3 33.3 - -- 3 17.6 5.0 - -- - - _. 382 100.0 63.8 17 100.0 2.8 Male I% Negro Number Male 3 2.1 17 11.6 NelTo Female ~ Age 1%_ Negro I ~ Age Group Number Female Group 50.0 - -- 56.7 - -- 35 24.0 20.6 12 22.2 7.1 29 19.9 18.3 13 24.1 8.2 25 17,1 18.0 12 22.2 8.6 16 11.0 26.7 11 20.4 18.3 12 8.2 44.5 9 6.1 100.0 6 11.1 22.2 - -- 146 100.0 24.4 54 100.0 9.0 Q. MIS DEI-lEA NOR Total Number Percent Under 16 278 1.5 16 - 20 3,410 18.2 21 - 25 2,354 12.5 26 -30 3,015 16.0 31 - 35 2,912 15.5 36 - 40 1,887 10.0 41 - 50 2,877 15.3 Over 50 2,064 11.0 TOTAL 18,797 100.0 Male 1% White Number Male White Female % Age Group Number I %F::l: I ~ Age Group 100 1.3- 36.0 4 .5 1.4 1,496 19.0 43.9 55 6.6 1.6 295 3.8 12.5 283 34.2 12.0 1,156 14.7 38.3 150 18.1 5.0 1,024 13.0 35.2 150 18.1 5.2 601 7.6 31.8 159 19.2 8.4 1,4'15 1,712 7,859 18.8 21.8 100.0 51.3 83.0 41.8 27 3.3 .9 - -- 828 100.0 4.4 Ne Male I % Negro I ~. Age Number Mal" Group 171 2.0 61.5 1,798 20.8 52.7 1,441 16.6 61.2 1,484 17.1 49.2 1,362 15.7 46.7 803 9.3 42.6 1,257 14.4 43.7 352 4.1 17.0 8,668 100.0 46.1 0 Female Number %F:~~ 7' Age Group 3 .2 1.1 61 4.2 1.8 335 23.2 14.3 225 15.6 7.5 376 26.1 12.9 ~24 22.5 17.2 118 8.2 4.1 - -- .1,442 100.0 7.7 R. OBTAINING GOODS OR MONEY ON FALSE FRETF.NSE If-------../ia"'1.-"=----Wh=i"it"''''----~FOCe=ma=l-=eC-----'~-+------;:Ma;;:,l~e----,N",e"rI'"-,---O---;FO;-ema~:le-:-----j Total Number Percent Under 16 16 - 20 6 6 11.3 100.0 21 - 25 26 - 30 38 36.2 25 23 60.5 9 22.0 36.0 1 50.0 1 50.0 4.0 12 22.7 31.6 12 22.6 48.0 2 22.2 12.0 31 - 35 17 16.2 7 17.0 41.2 8 15.1 47.0 36 - 40 8 6 41 - 50 2 2 Over 50 9 TOTAL 105 100.0 - 130 - Total Number Percent Under 16, 4 1.1 16 -:20 40 10.8 21 - 25 176 47.7 26 - 30 83 22,5 31 - 35 29 7,9 36 - 10 20 5,4 41 - 50 7 1,9 Over 50 10 2,7 TOTAL 369 100,0 TABLE' (Cont'd) PART XV - Miscellaneous Crimes (Cont1d) K. ESCAPE Number 1 5 Whlte Male Female % White ,~ Age. % White ~ Age Male Group Number Female Group .6 25.0 - -- 2.9 12.5 - -- 117 66.8 66.5 4 44.4 2.3 35 20,0 42,2 3 33,4 3,6 10 5,7 34,5 5 2,9 25,0 - -- 2 1.1 20,0 175 100.. 0 47,4 2 22,2 6.9 - -- - -- - -- - 9 100.0 2.4 Number 3 Male % Negro Male 1.9 Ne ro Female % Age % Negro % Acre Group Number Female Group 75.0 - -- 32 19.6 80.0 3 13.7 7.5 47 28.8 26.7 8 36.4 4.5 38 23,3 45.8 7 31.8 8.4 15 9,2 51,7 2 9.1 6,9 14 8,6 '10,0 1 4.5 5.0 6 3.7 85.7 8 4.9 80.0 1 4.5 14.3 - -- 163 100.0 44.2 22 100.0 6,0 L. FALSE OATH Under 16 16 - 20 Total Number Peroent -- 2 2.6 f---- Number - - 21 - 25 24 30,8 15 26 - 30 20 25,6 16 31 - 35 22 28,2 19 36- 10 41 - 50 2 2,6 5 6.4 --r Over 50 3 3,8 . TOTAL 78 100,0 50 White Male Female White % ABe I%_ White l' Acre Male Group Number Female Group -- - -- -- - -- 30,0 62,5 2 50,0 8.3 32,0 80,0 1 25.0 5,0 38,0 86.4 --- -- - . - - 1 25.0 4.5 - -- - -- 100.0 64.1 4 '100.0 5.1 - Number - 2 Male % Negro Male - 9.5 Ne ro Female ~ Age % Negro 1 % Age Group Number Female Group - - -- 100.0 - -- 4 19,1 16.7 3 14,3 15,0 2 9.5 9,1 2 9.5 100,0 5 23,8 100,0 3 14,3 100,0 3 100.0 12,5 - -- - - -- - -- - -- 21. 100.0 26.9 3 100.0 3.9 Un":er 16 Total Number rercen" -- 16 - 20 12 5.'7 21 - 25 90 42,5 26 - 30 36 17.0 31 - 35 37 17,5 36 - 40 15 7,0 41 - 50 15 7,0 Over 50 7 3,3 TOTAL 212 100,0 M. KIDllAPPING White Male Female % White ~ Age %_ White ~ Age Number Male Group Number Female Group - -- - -- 7 5.5 58.3 - -- 60 47.2 66.7 I'; 23.8 5,6 17 13,4 47.2 8 38,1 22.2 23 18.1 62,2 5 23,8 13,5 10 7,9 66,6 1 4,8 6.7 10 7,9 66,7 - -- 2 9,5 13.3 - -- 127 100,0 59,9 21 100,0 9,9 Number - 5 Male % Negro Male - 9.6 Nen'o Female ~ Age 1% Negro % Age Group Number Female Group - - -- 41.7 - -- 24 46.'2 26.7 1 8.3 1,0 9 17.3 25.0 2 16.7 5,6 5 9,6 13.5 4 33,4 10.8 3 5,8 20,0 - -- 6 11,5 85.7 1 8,3 6.7 3 25,1} :'0,0 1 a~3 14,3 52 100,0 24,5 12 100.0 5.7 Total Number Percent Under 16 16 - 20 2 21 - 25 26 _ M 15 5 15,6 31 - 35 4 12,5 36 - 40 2 6,3 41 - 50 3 9,3 Over 50 1 3,1 TOTAL 32 100,0 N. BLACKMAIL ~.Jm FJC'l'ORTION White Male Female % White ~ Age 1% Woite ~ Age Number Male Group Number Female Group 2 7.4 100,0 14 51,9 93,3 3 11.1 60,0 3 11.1 75,0 2 7,4 100,0 2 7 __4.' 06,7 1 3,7 I 100,0 27 100,0 84,4 1 2 50,0 40.0 1 25,0 25.0 4. 100,0 Number Male % Negro Male Ne % Age Group 0 Number Female %_Negro .~ Age Female Group 1 100,0 33.3 1 100.0 3.1 _ 131 - Total Number Percent Under 16 1 1.7 16 - 20 7 12.1 I 21 - 25 26 - 30 13 22.4 8 13.8 31 - 35 12 20.7 36 - 40 I 41 - 50 I Ov~r 50 TOTAL 9 15.5 4 6.9 4 6.9 58 100.0 --- TABLE 4 (Cont'd) PART XV - Miscellaneous Crimes (Cont'd) O. CRUELTY TO CHILDREN AND ANIMJ\ LS ---------~- White MA1A Fe_h Male ,% White ~ Age %. White I~ Age Number Male Group Number Female Group 1% Negro Number Male - -- - - - 1 3.6 - -- - -- 7 24.9 3 17.6 23.1 5 29.4 62.5 2 66.7 15.4 - -- 5 17.9 1 3.6 ] 29.4 17.6 6.0 - 41.7 33.3 25.0 - 1 33.3 8.3 - -- - -- - -- 5 17.9 4 14.3 2 7.1 3 10.7 100.0 29.3 --- 3 100.0 5.2 28 100.0 Ne ~ Age Group 1~.0 100.0 38.4 12.5 41.7 44.5 50.0 75.0 48.3 0 Femal. Number I%F:::i~ ~_ Age Group - -- - -- 3 30.0 23.1 2 20.0 25.0 1 10.0 8.3 2 20.0 22.2 1 10.0 25.0 1 10.0 25.0 10 100.0 17.2 P. VIOLATION GAME LAWS ~_ Total Number Peroent Under 16 2 1.1 16 - 20 14 7.6 21 - 25 57 31.0 26 - 30 34 18.5 31 - 35 36 - 40 41 - 50 33 I 23 I 13 17.9 12.5 7.1 Over 50 I 8 TOTAL 184 4.3 100.0 --- ---- White --%~i~e -if, Age Female /< White % Age Number Male Group Number Female Group - -- - -- 9 8.7 64.3 - -- 32 30.8 19 18.3 23 22.1 14 13.4 2~ 5 4.8 104 . 100.0 56.1 55.9 69.7 60.9 38.5 25.0 56.5 1 100.0 1.8 - -- --I - - -- -- 1 100.0 .5 MA' e % Negro Number Male 2- 2.7 Ne ~ Age Group 100.0 0 Female .%. Negro I~ Age Number Female Group - -- 4 5.3 28.6 1 25.0 7.1 23 30.6 40.3 1 25.0 1.8 14 18.7 41.2 i 25.0 2.9 10 I 13.3 30.3 - -- 8 10.7 34.8 8 10.7 61.5 6 8.0 75.0 - - 1 25.0 4.3 -. - -- 75 100.0 40.8 4 100.0 2.2 SO'.u"ce: Jail dockets of the counties. ApPENDIX C TABLE 5* BAIL BONDS R~UIRED IN FELONY AND MISDEMEANOR CASES B'1 Amount of Boud In a Rural Georgia Count'1 January 1, 1926 - December 31, 1935 Amount of Bond Total Number Percent 1'00 Bond or Le 1'00 BBoonndd 210011 -- 300 Bond 301 - 500 Bond 501 - 1,000 35 8.1 329 76.1 18 4.2 M 7.9 16 3.7 TOTAL 432 * Source: Bond docket of the County. 100.0 Misdemeanors Number Peroent 26 6.8 318 83.0 17 4.4 12 a.2 10 2.6 383 100.0 Felon1. . itumber Peroent 9 18 11 22.4 1 2.0 22 44.9 6 12.S "9 100.0 TABLE 6* TYPES OF BAIL BONDS ACCEPTED IB FULTON COUB'fi GEORGIA Janua17 1, 1926 - Deoember al, 19S6 Years Bond S1gned B'1 Defendant W1th No Other Total Sureties Bond Signed B'1 Defendant With No Other SureUe'; Bond Signed 117 Defendant and Profess1onal CaSh Depolll1ted Bondsman &8 with Sheriff in Suret1.. Lieu of Boud Bond Signed b'1 Defendant and Suret'1 Compan'1 as Sureties 1926 Number 5,557 2,134 276 2,822 317 9 Percent 100.0 38.4 ".9 60.8 5.7 .2 1927 Number 4,257 Percent 100.0 1,425 33.4 160 3.8 2 b860.99 160 3.8 3 .1 1928 Number 4,247 1,446 135 2,538 126 2 Percent 100.0 34.0 3.2 59.8 2.9 .1 1929 Number 4,278 1,331 204 2,640 99 4 Percent 100.0 31.1 4.8 61.7 2.3 .1 1930 Number 4,187 1,336 191 2,517 109 34 Percent 100.0 31.9 4.6 60.1 2.6 .8 1931 Number 4,540 1,392 U8 2,839 80 Percent 100.0 30.7 4.8 62.5 1.8 11 .2 1932 Number 4,355 1,233 233 2,828 46 15 Percent 100.0 28.3 '5.4 64.9 1.1 .3 1933 Number 4,320 1,039 294 2,942 45 Percent 100.0 24.1 6.8 68.1 1.0 19M Number 4,968 1,007 196 3,753 12 Percent 100.0 20.3 3.9 75.6 .2 1935 Number 5,034 Percent 100.0 890 17.7 195 3.9 3~0.54 45 .9 TOTAL Number 45,743 13,233 2,101 29,292 1,039 78 100.0 28.9 4.6 64.0 2.3 .2 * Source: Bond docket of Fulton County. - 133 - CRIMES Acce.sory to the Crime Adultery and Fornication As.ault As.au1t and Battery Blackmail Carrying Concealed Weapons Carrying Pistol without License Cheating and Swindling Escape Defrauding Board Bill Di.po.ing of Mortgaged Property Di".turbing Public Wor.hip Drunkenness Gambling Larceny, simple Maintaining Di.orderly House Maintaining Gambling Device Maliciou. Mischief Misdemeanor, miscellaneous Operate Automobile Intoxicated Pass Worthless Checks Public Indecency Receiving Stolen Good. Reckles. Driving Soliciting for Prostitution Stabbing Trespassing Vagrancy Violation of Game Law Violation of Motor Vehicle Law Violation of Prohibition Law Violation of Tax Law Wife Beating TOTAL MISDEMEANORS TABLE 7 BAIL BOND ASSESSMENTS IN AN URBAN GEORGIA COUNTY By Cri.... January 1, 1926 - December 31, 1935 MISDEMEANORS Under Total $50 $50 $101 $201 $301 $401 $501 $601 $801 411001 $5001 to to to to to to to to to to' Over 100 200 300 400 500 600 800 1000 5000 10000 $10000 62 12 9 11 19 1 8 2 646 5 308 198 69 38 1 23 4 571 164 219 12b 5 45 1 7 4 2,779 1,194 '730 526 23 250 5 4 42 4 1 20 1 4 4 5 4 2 2,050 452 3,291 31 12 1 775 770 365 10 114 4 2 6 1 2 253 148 30 3 15 1 2 1 1,812 658 363 45 259 13 19 79 40 2 2 7 8 3 1 8 2 6 3 1 2 35 14 13 5 2 1 41 20 15 1 5 1,984 5 1,446 358 91 8 70 5 1 1,952 31 1,748 94 19 1 41 9 9 1,088 315 327 179 1 180 1 1 70 14 90 40 25 13 2 5 1 1 2 1 2,687 1 1,146 807 405 8 237 7 3 63 10 283 J.52 91 28 11 1 4,432 67 2,297 789 389 39 495 6 16 264 69 1 3,480 1 1,575 1,149 514 30 182 4 23 1 1 19 2 5 3 6 3 124 42 33 23 16 1 5 4 540 5 160 98 88 5 124 2 5 40 13 504 10 270 128 38 6 47 1 4 19 4 7 1 6 1 1,011 316 379 224 3 78 1 6 4 64 38 17 6 1 2 1,717 1,142 349 86 6 119 12 2 1 49 45 4 754 20 453 144 73 3 39 2 17 3 24,254 289 1,010 7 11,692 7,319 2,590 181 1,971 47 35 370 41 1 1 265 18 1 4 375 319 211 5 87 2 8 3 56,340 155 28,084 15,234 6,490 390 4,474 95 98 1,078 233 5 4 Crime. Under Total $50 $50 $101 $201 $301 $401 $501 $601 $801 $1001 $5001 to to to to to to to to to to Over 100 200 300 400 500 600 800 1000 5000 10000 $10000 Arson Aasau1t with Intent to Murder Assault with Intent to Rape Attempt Felony Beastiality 32 1,453 159 599 34 1 1 2 21 7 18 55 118 12 541 3 22 487 178 17 2 2 5 9 2 27 7 2 57 39 9 65 98 102 3 208 3 8 92 19 1 1 2 6 22 3 Big""'Y Break and Enter Railroad Car Bribery Burglary Embezzlement i~~ 26 2,586 72 3 3 8 15 2 15 3 4 8 11 2 31 46 29 9 4 4 2 2 9 5 1 33 124 61 5 369 41 28 1,687 220 17 2 2 3 4 17 2 11 22 4 7 Felony, miscellaneous Forgery Kidnapping Larceny Larceny of Automobile 499 7 11 26 1 88 14 3 201 122 24 2 538 21 27 54 19 149 3 l'f4 71 20 64 5 1 6 13 1 21 1'7 7,815 13 3,162 2,045 961 58 1,026 44 50 364 86 6 1,978 48 52 46 5 178 1 5 1,477 161 5 Man.laughter Manufacture Liquor Maybem "''urder Perjury 160 4 6 14 2 42 3 2 53 32 2 28 1 8 15 4 5 1 1 1 1 1 21 1 1 1 4 3 10 1 147 1 7 6 23 31 2 1 39 31 3 Rape Riot ~~~~mon Shooting at Another 28 16 1,5~ 500 1 1 2 4 1\ 9 15 33 43 1 213 2 1 5 1 28 24 74 lS6 14 195 10 9 1 1 3 4 6 664 496 37 4 6 26 15 1 2 10 41 4 TOTAL FELONIES 18,552 15 3,433 2,559 1,634 129 3,203 133 147 5,521 1,605 160 13 GRAND TOTAL 74,892 170 31,517 17,793 8,124 519 7,6'77 228 245 6,599 1,838 165 17 * Source: Bond docket of the county. - l~- TABLE 8* BAIL BOND ASSESSMENTS IN GEORGIA COUNTIES January 1, 1926 - December 31, 1935 Amount of Bond Total Number Percent Urban County Number Percent $100 or Less 32,702 40.4 31,687 $101 - $200 19,834 24.5 17,793 $201 - $300 10,082 12.5 8,124 $301 - $500 8,936 11.0 8,196 $501 - $1,000 7,280 9.0 7,072 $1,001 - $5,000 1,887 2.3 1,838 $5,001 - $10,000 169 .2 165 Over $10,000 17 .1 17 TOTAL 80,907 100.0 74,892 *Source: Bond dockets of three counties. 42.3 23.8 10.8 10.9 9.5 2.4 .2 .1 100.0 Ru-Urban County Number Percent 980 1,712 1,940 706 192 49 4 17.6 30.7 34.7 12.6 3.4 .9 .1 5.583 100.0 Rural County Number Percent 35 8.1 329 76.1 18 4,.2 34 7.9 16 3.7 432 100.0 TABLE 9* BOND FORFEITURES IN AN URBAN GEORGIA COUNTY January 1, 1926 - December 31, 1935 Year Bond Forfeitures Number Percent Set Aside Number Percent 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 1931 1932 1933 1934 1935 1,143 887 784 739 663 735 592 564 607 70;1 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 991 86.7 679 76.6 624 79.6 538 72.8 456 68.8 498 67.8 427 72.1 397 70.4 524 86.3 327 46.3 TOTAL 7,421 100.0 5,461 73.6 *Source: Minute dockets of the City and Superior Courts of the county. Not Set Aside Number Percent 152 13.3 208 23.4 160 20.4 201 27.2 207 31.2 237 32.2 165 2'1.9 167 29.6 83 13.7 380 53.7 1,960 26.4 - 135 - TABLE 10* COLLECTIONS OF BAIL BOND FORFEITURES In an Urban County of Georgia January 1, 1926 - December 31, 1935 Year Bond Forfeitures Not Set Aside Number Percent Number Bond Forfeitures Not Set Aside in which Collection was Made After Judgment Had Been Rendered Number Percent Number Bond Forfeitures Not Set Aside in which No Collection was Made After Judgment Had Been Rendered Number Percent 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 1931 1932 1933 1934 1935 152 100.0 208 100.0 160 100.0 201 100.0 207 100.0 237 100.0 165 100.0 167 100.0 83 100.0 380 100.0 94 61.8 194 93.3 157 98.1 170 84.6 118 57.0 171 72.2 130 78.8 112 67.1 10 12.0 358 94.2 ",OTAL 1,960 100.0 1,514 77.2 ~,Source: Minute dockets of the City and Superior Courts of the count~ 58 38.2 14 .6.7 3 1.9 31 15.4 89 43.0 66 27.8 35 21.2 55 32.9 73 88.0 22 5.8 446 22.8 TABLE 11* FINAL JUDGMENTS ON BAIL BOND FORFEITURES In an Urban County of Georgia January 1, 1926 - December 31, 1935 Year Bond Forfeitures Not Set Aside Number Percent Bond Forfeitures Not Set Aside In Which Final Judg- In Which no Final ment Was Rendered Judgment Was Rendered ,Number Percent Number Percent 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 1931 1932 1933 1934 1935 152 208 160 ' 201 207 237 165 167 83 380 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 132 86.8 194 93.3 129 80.6 187 93.0 203 98.1 229 96.6 150 90.9 1.61 96.4 79 95.2 376 98.9 'fOTAL 1,960 100.0 1,840 93.9 '::-Source : Minute dockets of the City and Superior Courts of the county; 20 13.2 14 6.7 31 19.4 14 7.'0 4 1.9 8 3.4 15 9.1 6 3,6 4 4.8 4 1.1 120 6.1 - 136 - ApPENDIX D TABLE 12 DETAIL OF CLASSIFICATION MISCELLANEOUS MISDEMEANOR Included in Table 14, Pages 140 - 141 CRIMES NUMBl<.'R OF CASES Abortion :3 Accessory Before the Fact :3 Barratry :3 Blackmail ;3 Burning Fences 1 Concealing Death of Bastard Child 2 Conspiracy :3 Enticing Servants Away 4 Extortion 2 Forging Letters 7 Giving Liquor to Minors 4 Harboring Absconding Child 2 Illegal Certification of Checks 1 Illegal Purchase of Cotton Seed 9 Involuntary Manslaughter 8 Making False Affidavit by Contractor 8 Maintaining Opium Joint 9 Permitting Marriage Certificate Illegally 1 Permitting Minors to Roll Tenpins :3 Possessing, Making, or Mending Burglar's Tools 2 Poisoning Stream 8 Securing Produce from Realty 1 Selling Obscene Pictures 1 Sending or Delivering Threatening Letters 7 Taking Oysters from Bed out of Season 2 Using Illegal Trade Marks 7 Violation of Bulk Sales Act :3 Violation of Insurance Regulations 4 TOTAL 111 - 137 - CRIMES . _ - - - - - - - - - Abandonment Adultery and Fornication Assault Assault and Battery Attempted Beastiality or Sodomy Barbering Without License Bastardy Breaking, Entering, and Stealing Bribery. misdemeanor grade Carrying Deadly Weapons Carrying on Lottery Cheating and Swindling Cruelty to Children and Animals Defacing Public Property Disturbing. Divine Worship Escaping Failure to Pay Occupational Tax Firing Woods Gambling Hit and Run Driving Illegal Arrests Larceny, silllPle Larceny After Trust Libel Maintaining Lewd House Malicious Mischief Mayhem, misdemeanor grade Misdemeanors, blanket charge Misdemeanors, miscellaneous Obscene Language Obstructing Legal Process Operating Auto while Drunk Operating Slot Machine with Slugs Peeping Tom TABLE 1:5* MISDEMEANOR CASES By Year in which Docketed 19 City Courts of Georgia January 1, 1926 - December 31, 1935 Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Total 2,674 100.0 2,593 100.0 138 100.0 6,972 100.0 21 100.0 141 100.0 909 100.0 396 100.0 18 100.0 6,216 100.0 2,549 100.0 3,719 100.0 202 100.0 36 100.0 442 100.0 452 100.0 2:59 100.0 24 100.0 4,:575 100.0 76 100.0 45 100.0 20,225 100.0 955 100.0 10 100.0 297 100.0 774 100.0 19 100.0 1,188 100.0 100 100.0 24:5 100.0 28 100.0 6,952 100.0 75 100.0 44 100.0 1926 __1_9_27_~1~928 1929 1930 1931 1932 1933 1934 1935 149 133 229 246 269 407 281 309 348 303 5.6 5.0 8.6 9.2 10.1 15.2 10.5 11.5 13.0 11.3 354 255 352 580 264 211 147 162 143 125 13.7 9.8 13.6 22.4 10.2 8.1 5.7 6.2 5.5 4.8 13 14 16 10 9 11 15 30 10 10 9.4 10.1 11.7 7.2 6.5 8.0 10.9 21.8 7.2 7.2 530 575 652 688 716 6'79 '740 823 801 768 7.6 8.2 9.4 9.9 10.3 9.'7 10.6 11.8 11.5 11.0 2 2 2 4 7 9.5 9.5 9.5 19.1 33.3 18 34 31 58 12.8 24.1 22.0 41.1 49 52 '72 80 84 119 139 100 177 5.4 5.7 7.9 8.8 9.2 13.1 15.3 11.0 19.5 23 18 14 40 41 72 74 61 41 5.8 4.5 3.5 10.1 10.4 18.2 18.7 15.4 10.4 4 1 5 3 2 2 1 22.2 5.6 27.'7 16.7 11.1 11.1 5.6 716 574 615 656 633 629 600 659 623 511 11.5 9.2 9.9 10.6 10.2 10.1 9.7 10.6 10.C' 8.2 390 10.5 1 409 11.0 2 .1 3'75 10.1 18 14 11 22 631 954 893 .7 .5 .4 .9 24.8 37.4 ~.1 3U 448 463 454 317 255 267 9.2 12.0 12.4 F.? 8.5 6.9 7.2 23 2:5 15 24 16 24 22 13 26 16 11.4 11.4 7.4 11.9 7.9 11.9 10.9 6.4 12.9 7.9 1 6 2.8 16.'7 4 1 2 11.1 2.8' 5.5 4 10 8 11.1 27.8 22.2 56 60 41 24 17 50 40 51 47 56 12.7 1:5.6 9.3 5.4 3.8 11.3 9.1 11.5 10.6 12.7 36 46 45 53 66 51 33 32 48 42 8.0 10.2 9.9 11.7 14.6 11.3 7.3 7.1 10.6 9.~ 19 10 36 88 12 27 16 9 13 9 '7.9 4.2 15.1 36.8 5.0 11.3 6.7 3.8 5.4 3.8 3 3 3 1 2 4 5 2 1 12.5 12.5 12.5 4.2 8.3 16.'7 20.8 8.3 4.2 1,109 528 463 551 312 255 25'7 263 315 322 25.:5 12.1 10.6 12.6 7.1 5.8 5.9 6.0 7.2 7.4 8 8 6 5 7 15 27 10.5 10.5 '7.9 6.6 9.2 19.8 35.5 7 15.6 1,479 '7.:5 9 20.1 1,547 '7.6 6 6 13.3 13.'1 1,660 1,638 8.2 ~.1 5 11.1 2,119 10.5 3 6.'7 2.183 10.8 5 11.1 2,558 12.7 1 2 2.2 4.4 2,421 2,230 12.0 11.0 1 2.2 2,390 11.8 116 105 119 89 111 88 90 '72 88 77 12.2 11.0 12.5 9~3 11.6 9.2 9.4 7.5 9.2 8.1 1 10.0 5 50.0 3 1 30.0 10.0 U ~ U ~ ~ ~ ~ 13 18 30 1:5.8 11.8 8.'7 11_.8 12.4 8.1 12.8 4.4 6.1 10.1 61 40 50 50 73 81 120 114 96 89 '7.9 5.2 6.5 6.5 9.4 10.5 15.5 14.7 12.4 11.4 1 3 5.3 15.8 1 4 5.3 20.9 113 2 5.3 5.3 15.8 10.5 1 2 5.3 10.5 140 112 113 9'7 78 101 82 59 147 259 11.8 9.4 9.5 8.1 6.6 8.5 6.9 5.0 12.4 21.8 '7 8 7 9 10 16 16 7 6 14 7.0 8.0 7.0 9.0 10.0 16.0 16.0 7.0 6.0 14.0 11 15 30 18 23 21 36 37 25 27 4.5 6.2 12.3 7.4 9.5 8.7 14.8 15.2 10.3 11.1 4 2 :5 1 '7 4 1 114 14.3 '7.1 10.6 3.6 25.0 14.3 :5.6 3.6 3.6 14.3 415 577 538 665 547 809 798 860 751 992 6.0 8.3 7.7 9.6 7.9 11.6 11.5 12.4 10.8 14.2 2 3 9 2 5 9 13 26 2.7 4.0 12.0 2.7 6.'7 12.0 17.3 34.7 2 9 4 4 4.5 20.5 9.1 9.1 5 11.4 3 7 6.8 15.9 4 6 9.1 13.6 TABLE 1~ - Misdemeanor Cases (Cont'd) '---_.,._------------------- - - - - - - CRIMES .,~-,.--.--"~~'-' --'T:.:o:..:t:.::a=1_---=l:.::9:.::2,,6_--=l:.::9:.::2.c7_--=l:.:9:.::2:.::8_--=l::.:9"'2"'9_-'1::.:9:.:~:.:0'----__=19:..:~::.:1=--__=19:..:3::2=---=19::.3=3=---=1.::.9=_M=---=1.::.9=_35=_ Practicing Professi ,n without License Number 46 Percent 100.0 4 5 3 2 2 10 1 4 8 7 8.7 10.9 6.6 4.3 4.3 21.7 2.2 8.7 17.4 15.2 Public Drunkenness Number 6,731 Percent 100.0 477 563 664 793 639 583 544 019 8~1 1018 7.1 8.4 9.8 11.8 9.5 8.7 8.1 9.2 12.3 15.1 Public Indecency Number 214 Percent 100.0 12 18 16 25 13 14 36 27 19 34 5.6 8.4 7.5 11.7 6.1 6.5 16.8 12.6 8.9 15.9 Receiving Stolen Goods Number 293 44 39 40 45 45 1 1 1 44 33 Percent 100.0 15.0 13.3 13.7 15.4 15.4 .3 .3 .3 15.0 11.3 Receiving Unstamped Tobaccos Number 840 33 34 238 174 184 95 43 24 12 3 Percent 100.0 3.9 4.0 28.3 20.7 21.9 11.3 5.2 2.9 1.4 .4 Removal of Mortgaged Property Number 212 Percent 100.0 18 28 32 33 29 24 16 20 7 5 8.5 13.2 15.1 15.6 13.7 -11.3 7.5 9.4 3.3 2.4 Resisting an Officer Number 66 6 Pereent 100.0 9.1 12 8 6 6 5 14 18.2 12.1 9.1 9.1 7.6 21.2 Rioting Number 160 18 12 30 19 34 5 10 10 8 14 Percent 100.0 11.3 7.5 18.8 11.9 21.~ 3.1 6.2 6.2 5.0 8.7 Selling Mortgaged Property Number 93 11 9 7 15 18 Percent 100.0 11.8 9.7 7.5 16.1 19.4 14 6 3 5 15.1 6.4 ~.2 5.4 Shooting at Occupied Dwelling Number 49 Percent 100.0 844 5 16.2 8.2 8.2 10.2 5 12 10.2 24.5 Stabbing Number 2, 407 Percent 100.0 194 160 200 209 221 220 295 345 292 271 fl.l 6.7 8.3 8.7 9.2 9.1 12.3 14.3 12.1 11.2 Trespass Number 334 Percent 100.0 20 26 20 34 31 33 39 47 30 54 6.0 7.8 6.0 10.1 9.3 9.9 11.e. 14.1 9.0 16.2 Using Auto without Owner's Consent Number 442 Percent 100.0 50 31 38 46 41 47 44 51 58 11.3 7.0 8.6 10.4 9.3 10.6 10.0 11.5 13.2 Using Horse without Owner's Consent Number 16 Percent 100.0 4 3 3 25.0 18.7 18.7 1 2 6.3 12.5 1 2 6.3 12.5 Usury Number 160 Percent 100.0 47 10 7 36 5 29.3 6.3 4.4 22.5 3.1 1 2 48 4 .6 1.3 30.0 2.5 Vagrancy Number 4, ~27 513 517 438 379 65a 588 563 533 388 350 Percent 100.0 10.4 10.5 8.9 7.7 13.4 11.9 11.4 10.8 7.9 7.1 Violation of Common School Law Number 19 5 Percent 100.0 26.3 4 2 5 21.1 10.5 26.3 1 2 5.3 10.5 Violation of County Health Regulations Number 24 5 1 Percent 100.0 20.8 4.2 1 3 5 2 3 2 1 4.2 12.5 20.8 8.3 12.5 8.3 4.2 Violation of Election Laws Number 16 Percent 100.0 1 1 6.3 6.3 6 37.4 8 50.0 Violation of Game Laws Number 1,079 121 139 106 101 122 119 75 116 82 98 Percent 100.0 11.2 12.9 9.8 9.4 11.3 11.0 7.0 10.7 7.6 9.1 Violation of Highway Regulations Number 52 4 13 1 12 7 Percent 100.0 7.7 25.0 1.9 23.0 13.5 3 4 4 5.8 7.7 7.7 ~lo1atlon of Labor Laws Number 130 8 Percent 100.0 6.2 1 2 3 .8 1.5 2.3 3 110 2.3 84.6 Violation of Motor Carrier Laws Number 66 Percent 100.0 11 6 32 16 1 16.7 9.1 48.5 24.2 1.5 Violation of Motor Vehicle Laws Number 3,929 462 423 395 419 458 390 444 225 268 445 Percent 100.0 11.8 10.8 10.1 10.7 11.7 9.9 11.2 5.7 6.8 11.3 Violation of Prohibition Law i?6 Number 38,217 4,537 Percent 100.0 11.9 3i~?~ 4~i~~ 4.696 12.3 3,912 10.2 4i 3,806 3,163 2,908 2,435 10.0 8.3 7.6 6.3 Violation of the Sabbath Number 52 10 Percent 100.0 19.2 7 5 7 3 1 6 9 13.5 9.6 13.5 5.8 1.9 11.5 17.3 Violation of Timber Laws Number 22 2 Percent 100.0 9.1 2 2 9.1 9.1 1 4 4.5 18.2 10 1 45.5 4.5 Vfife Beating Number 1,389 88 Percent 100.0 6.3 107 112 124 123 158 159 158 195 165 7.7 8.1 8.9 8.9 11.4 11.4 11.4 14.0 11.9 GRAND TOTAL Number 125,132 12,379 11,380 12,401 13,156 12,550 12,829 12,745 12,562 12,532 12,598 Percent 100.0 9.9 9.1 9.9 10.5 10.0 10.3 10.2 10.0 10.0 10.1 "Source: Docket. of 19 city court . - 139 - TABLE 14* MISDEMEANOR CASES - BY COUNTY IN WHICH DOCKETED 29 City Courts of Georgia January I, 1926 - December 31, 1935 CRIMES Abandomnent Adultery and Fornication Assault Assault and Battery Attempted Beastiality or Sodomy Barbering without License Bastardy Breaking, Entering and Stealing Bribery, misdemeanor grade Carrying Deadly Weapons Total 2,854 2,710 162 7,729 21 Fulton 1,725 666 29 2,871 10 141 931 448 20 6,930 38 657 251 13 2,431 Carrying on Lottery Cheating and Swindling crueHy to Children and Animals Defacing Public Proporty Disturbing Divine Worship 2,576 4,429 245 49 543 2,300 1,494 37 77 Escaping Failure to pay Occupational Tax Firing Woods Gembling Hit and Run Driving 5<1,9 244 37 4.642 76 97 61 1 1,868 42 Illegal Arrests Larceny, simple Larceny Ai'ter Trust Libel Maintaining Lewd House 50 22,806 1,155 15 342 26 8,159 431 3 180 Malicious Mischief Mayhem, misdemeanor grade Misdemeanor, blanket charge Misdemeanor, miscellaneous Obscene Language 864 377 19 4 3,405 28 III 34 293 128 Obstructing Legal Process Operating Auto while Drunk Operating Slot Machine with Slugs Peeping Tom Practioing Prof. without License 30 7,138 114 47 55 4 3,424 20 7 21 Public Drunkenness Public Indecency Receiving Stolen Goods Receiving Unstamped Tobaccos Removal of Mortgaged Property 7,427 229 452 937 274 2,132 118 224 432 47 Resisting an Officer Rioting Selling ~rtgaged Property Shooting at Occupied Dwelling Stabbing 70 250 128 55 2,485 32 8 14 20 1,000 Trespass Use Auto vrithout Owner's Consent Use Horse without Owner's Consent Usury Vagrancy 416 475 20 150 5,477 56 103 126 3,290 Violation of Common School Laws 23 9 Violation of County Health Rules 27 9 Violation of Election Laws 26 9 Violation of Geme Laws 1,407 144 Violation of Highway .Regu1ations 60 12 Violation of Labor Laws Violation of Motor Carrier Laws Violation of Motor Vehicle Laws Violation of Prohibition Law Violation of Sabba,th 131 72 4,453 42,691 62 9 1,525 22,455 16 Violation of Timber Laws Wife Beating 24 5 1,442 874 TOTAL 141,056 60,233 * Source: MiIlllte dookets of 29 oi-ty courts. Bacon Appling 7 10 10 7 2 3 40 40 Brantley Burke Chathwn Clarke Bibb Bulloch Carroll Chattooga 108 2 31 2 48 31 15 48 105 3 50 1 37 28 9 14 2 6 2 7 5 1 5 839 9 222 54 158 729 13 99 3 1 37 17 3 2 4 12 12 12 36 3 10 1 21 1 2 5 44 7 1 1 22 19 558 10 141 83 123 1,037 17 52 5 47 11 164 11 1 26 5 6 14 9 17 1 294 92 2 30 4 2 1 1 6 75 15 '.1 1 2 50 402 2 133 14 22 1 5 19 45 51 4 1 55 1 27 8 182 3 4 1 1 75 21 6 28 2 7 20 10 385 1 4,5 125 3 136 164 19 42 1 1 1 2 3 1 6 1 122 37 2,375 38 420 376 486 2.896 18 344 1 133 6 12 6 158 28 1 3 1 1 22 11 41 5 3 116 2 14 10 31 43 1 4 1 11 39 18 4 42 300 9 21 44 3 2 2 1 4 2 14 1 9 11 15 1 3 1 18 1 9 1 2 10 1 5 2 1 5 8 628 8 73 6 114 395 14 77 3 1 20 1 3 1 3 10 1 3 1 2 3 5 34 44 154 48 178 8 460 21 73 90 1 18 3 28 2 32 1 16 3 35 2 10 2 93 7 10 4 100 2 5 8 12 20 19 13 14 1 15 1 3 1 19 8 6 2 58 12 27 1 16 72 3 13 3 1 27 5 3 1 4 7 385 4 31 9 17 563 16 10 4 40 1 56 1 31 5 2 359 2 25 16 5 10 4 8 4 16 5 46 5 20 36 93 2 6 2 27 83 3 102 1 7 1 2 3 2 1 2 3 48 45 87 13 56 73 45 138 6 16 1 1 7 1 75 4 3 33 1 3 32 8 4 246 14 86 9 58 134 15 153 293 85 2.144 70 514 536 802 692 133 496 1 2 6 1 2 12 3 3 2 1 2 4 4 118 5 42 6 42 37 1 7 811 406 9,618 329 2,871 1,450 2,925 8 458 420 1,871 - llJ.O - Clay 2 1 20 Coffee DeKe.lb Coweta 9 41 "154 32 107 1,350 4 16 22 III 245 282 2 3 Dougherty Dodge Floyd 59 15 74 51 7 67 4 7 6 166 134 249 Glynn Liberty Madison Mitchell McIntosh Troup Jenkins Lo'l'mdes Meriwether Husc.ogee Richmond 10 12 4 29 11 7 19 210 1 102 68 4 8 9 24 42 4 81 5 6 19 1 5 1 10 9 2 2 1 54 84 128 41 239 47 58 184 332 49 124 162 2 12 34 6 63 38 5 7 5 1 32 1 32 1 5 14 1 4 8 18 2 5 5 3 2 7 9 4 42 6 2 1 2 31 82 241 145 133 261 134 42 103 19 95 44 109 116 505 9 268 100 9 1 182 1 2 3 11 56 141 45 136 161 103 56 119 1 9 3 3 12 5 6 4 8 1 3 3 1 1 2 20 41 11 24 E 3 66 2 373 9 2 12 44 49 101 126 2 9 9 3 7 38 12 7 26 2 148 66 6 15 21 3 2 32 2 1 11 21 5 6 16 19 1 4 17 2 1 9 6 1 10 4 2 2 4 3 39 180 390 82 78 97 22 59 6 10 3 1 13 4 14 3 45 11 5 13 2 12 2 1 2 1 9 86 10 31 605 5 64 68 10 1 4 1 1 41 209 527 561 356 660 391 421 273 2 8 20 19 27 21 12 6 3 3 4 9 3 2 1 1 697 131 136 73 11 4 3 42 2 2 51 1,089 282 100 15 1 9 2 2'1' 12 1 3 36 23 36 19 24 8 11 1 1 2 5 131 66 3 100 17 10 56 1 11 5 2 6 1 37 12 17 6 6 21 16 17 9 16 7 28 1 117 13 15 1,025 37 42 2 4 4 5 1 1 8 1 1 1 2 4 16 184 725 97 60 309 154 13 13 18 48 20 44 533 11 22 115 8 5 6 5 2 38 6 5 2 4 1 2 1 3 3 3 1 6 1 4 1 2 11 7 189 411 836 328 100 464 250 56 29 43 178 72 106 823 20 27 246 1 8 11 2 2 4 1 2 1 1 10 16 18 5 8 9 2 12 5 10 1 1 11 9 1 28 9 2 7 13 27 19 19 2 49 35 1 28 39 18 1 10 5 20 5 12 5 6 15 42 9 8 16 7 15 3 5 1 1 10 31 3 21 5 3 7 13 3 13 1 3 6 3 1 2 5 8 79 58 16 33 60 26 16 4 10 11 1 1 7 11 3 9 5 3 2 7 12 1 1 8 9 32 48 17 9 1 55 1 7 12 14 6 9 21 23 23 9 12 10 1 7 23 36 15 5 12 6 4 1 4 40 55 40 64 288 366 13 114 2 30 7 355 5 7 10 3 15 6 24 3 20 7 13 36 3 59 38 117 58 1 2 11 2 4 1 1 1 1 10 1 1 18 28 45 95 31 33 103 88 59 60 12 12 62 12 40 9 29 1 1 3 3 5 4 5 2 2 6 12 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 21 8 11 135 516 45 273 72 173 12 91 511 905 1,771 898 590 818 580 316 1 1 '" 4 1 2 1 9 23 61 17 13 38 8 8 3 2 5 1 1 4 1 16 210 22 98 82 347 109 19 53 84 319 324 362 379 3,550 39 2,109 825 1 11 2 12 4 5 9 2 4 18 69 5 3 14 236 1,507 3,770 7,538 2,653 3,006 3,479 2,106 1,549 569 3,826 1,065 1,071 1,906 8830 418 5,550 2,385 - 14.1 - TABLE 15* PERIOD BETWEEN DOCKETING AND TRIAL OF CASES By Crimes 29 City Courts or Georgia January 1. 1926 - December 31, 1935 CRIMES Abandomnent Adultery and Fornication Assault A.ssault and Battery Attempted Beastiality or Sodomy Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Less Than 1 72.0 23.7 44.9 49.9 25.0 1-2 8.8 34.4 10.2 12.2 18.8 2-3 8.0 7.6 14.5 13.8 31.3 MONTHS 3-6 6-9 7-.4 1.7 29.8 2.0 20.3 5.8 18.1 3.3 12.5 9-12 .5 1.1 1.2 12-18 .7 .6 2.e .4 18-24 .2 .3 1.4 .3 6.2 Barbering without Lioense Bastardy Breaking. Entering and Stealing Bribery, misdemeanor grade Carrying Deadly Weapons 100.0 28.1 7.0 22.8 40.4 100.0 63.9 7.4 8.9 14.1 3.5 1.4 .3 .3 100.0 71.0 12.4 5.6 9.7 1.0 100.0 46.2 15.4 7.7 23.0 7.7 100.0 53.9 10.3 14.4 17.2 2.1 .7 .2 .2 Carrying on Lottery Cheating and Swindling Cruelty to Children and Animals neracing Publio Property Disturbing Divine Worship 100.0 31.6 35.0 15.7 15.7 1.1 .3 .3 .1 100.0 56.6 8.6 10.6 17.6 3.3 1.3 .7 .4 100.0 52.6 10.1 10.7 22.3 2.9 .7 .7 100.0 54.5 27.3 6.1 12.1 100.0 50.6 6.1 15.6 20.5 3.8 2.0 .8 Esoaping Failure to pay Ocoupational Tax Firing Woods Gambling Hit and Run Driving 100.0 77.0 7.6 5.4 4.8 2.2 .6 .2 1.6 100.0 22.5 36.1 8.1 20.7 5.4 2.7 1.8 100.0 73.3 6.7 6.7 13.3 100.0 40.7 14.9 18.3 20.4 2.5 1.5 .5 .3 100.0 31.0 17.3 24.1 20.7 6.9 Illegal Arrests Larceny, simple Larceny After Trust Libel 1~intaining Lewd House 100.0 62.5 6.3 15.5 9.4 6.3 100.0 63.7 8.9 10.5 12.0 1.4 .6 .4 .1 100.0 67.0 8.0 8.0 13.3 1.7 .6 .4 .1 100.0 60.0 20.0 20.0 100.0 44.1 16.5 16.5 18.,2 3.5 1.2 llaliciouB Juschier Ii'\Yhem. misdemeanor grade Misdemeanor, blanket charge Misdemeanor, miscelleneous Obscene Language 100.0 59.0 10.6 12.5 14.1 1.6 .7 .7 100.0 75.0 6.2 18.8 100.0 54.3 5.4 6.0 26.1 2.1 .3 .3 .1 100.0 55.2 4.5 13.4 20.9 3.0 100.0 29.7 16.1 14.2 29.7 3.9 1.9 Obstructing Legal Process 100.0 45.6 9.1 27.3 9.0 9.0 Operating Auto while Drunk 100.0 38.3 17.4 18.1 20.5 3.4 1.5 .4 .1 Operating Slot lAaohine with Slugs 100.0 40.5 10.8 28.4 20.3 Peeping Tom 100.0 61.8 5.9 11.8 17.6 Practicing Proression without License 100.0 50.0 14.7 8.9 23.5 2.9 Public Drunkenness Public Indecency Receiving Stolen Goods Receiving Unstamped Tobaccos Removal or lcortgaged Property 100.0 38.1 14.4 22.2 19.9 2.7 1.0 100.0 60.3 12.6 10.9 14.4 .6 100.0 52.0 14.4 9.7 16.6 5.4 1.1 100.0 43.2 19.6 14.2 18.4 2.0 1.6 100.0 53.3 8.0 10.2 14.7 8.0 2.9 .6 .2 1.2 .4 .4 .7 Resisting an Orricer Rioting Selling ~ortgaged ~roperty Shooting at Occupied Dwelling Stabbing 100.0 43.7 15.6 25.0 12.5 100.0 30.2 12.1 7.8 35.3 7.8 6.8 100.0 50.0 9.7 12.9 14.5 6.5 3.2 1.6 100.0 46.2 7.6 20.5 15.4 5.1 2.6 2.6 100.0 67.4 9.5 9.3 10.9 1.4 .7 .4 .1 Trespass Using Auto without Owner's Consent Using Horse wi thom Owner's Consent Usury Vagrancy 100.0 56.5 11.6 8.5 18.7 2.7 .4 .4 .4 100.0 57.6 12.8 13.1 13.7 1.7 .3 100.0 75.0 12.4 6.3 6.3 100.0 33.3 25.0 25.0 16.7 100.0 71.5 4.6 4.1 18.2 .8 .1 .1 .1 Violation of Common School Laws Violation of County Health Rules Violation of Election Laws Violation of Game Laws Violation of Highway Regulations 100.0 84.6 7.7 7.7 100.0 44.5 33.3 22.2 100.0 50.0 12.5 12.5 25.0 100.0 48.0 11.5 9.5 22.3 3.2 .9 1.0 .1 100.0 36.1 16.7 13.9 30.6 2.7 Violation of Labor Laws Violation of Motor Carrier Laws Violation of Motor Vehicle Laws Violation of Prohibition Laws Violation of the Sabbath Violation of Timber LaNS Wife Beating 100.0 41.2 11.7 17.7 23.5 100.0 69.0 10.4 3.4 10.4 3.4 100.0 30.4 14.9 17.3 32.0 3.1 1.5 .3 100.0 37.3 15.0 19.1 21.4 4.0 1.6 .6 .4 100.0 36.6 29.3 17.1 12.2 2.4 100.0 66.7 33.3 100.0 61.3 12.0 10.5 9.5 1.8 .5 .2 .1 TOTAL 100.0 47.4 13.4 15.1 18.5 2.8 1.1 .5 .2 o Source: Minute dockets of 2\J city courts. 00 Not ascertainable. - 142 - Over 24 IT.A**. .3 .4 .4 .1 .3 .5 6.2 1.7 .2 .3 .3 .7 .1 .1 .3 .6 .3 .3 .4 .2 2.7 .2 .7 1.3 1.1 .6 .3 .4 .4 5.4 3.0 3.9 .6 .2 .3 2.9 .1 .8 .4 .6 1.5 .7 3.2 1.6 .1 .2 .4 .4 .3 .5 .1 .4 .7 2.8 5.9 3.4 .3 ." .3 .3 2.4 4.1 .4 .6 , Abandonment Adultery and Fornication Assault Assault and Battery Attempted Beastiality or Sodomy Bastardy Blackmail and Extortion Breaking, Entering, and Stealing Carrying Deadly Weapone Carrying on Lottery Cheating and SWindl1ng Cock Fighting Crualty to Children and Animals DisEurbing Divine Worship Defamation of Virtuous Female Escape Failure to Pay Oocupational Tax Firing Woods Gambling Hit and Run Driving Interfering with Laborers Killing Farm Animals Libel Larceny, simple Larceny, attempted Larceny After Trust Malpractice by Public Orricer ~a11clous Mischief Maintaining Lewd House Maintaining Opium Joint Mayhem, misdemeanor Misdemeanor, blanket charge Misdemeanor, miscellaneous Obstructing Legal Process Operating Auto while Drunk Operating Slot Machine with Slugs Peddling without License Peeping Tom ApPENDIX E MISDEMEANOR AND FELONY CASES By Year in which Docketed 52 Superior Courts of Georgia January I, 1926 - December 31, 1935 MI~DEMEANORS Number Peroent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Total 1,250 100.0 516 100.0 1926 133 10.6 90 17.4 106 100.0 1,661 100.0 46 100.0 135 100.0 13 12.3 169 10.2 7 15.2 10 7.4 93 100.0 242 100.0 3,542 100.0 980 100.0 19 20.5 12 5.0 357 10.1 37 3.8 2, '/34 100.0 1 100.0 364 13.3 1 100.0 95 100.0 517 100.0 10 10.5 62 12.0 21 100.0 250 100.0 1 4.8 32 12.8 269 100.0 23 100.0 46 17.1 1,970 100.0 32 100.0 711 36.1 1 3.1 20 100.0 11 100.0 4 20.0 4 36.4 17 100.0 5,758 476 100.0 8.3 80 100.0 82 100.0 9 11.3 3 3.7 8 100.0 275 100.0 39 14.2 280 100.0 21 100.0 86 30.7 12 100.0 2,040 100.0 92 100.0 11 100.0 268 13.1 23 25.0 1,232 100.0 264 100.0 12 100.0 17 100.0 .105 8.5 77 29.2 ;3 25.0 1 5.9 1927 155 12.4 79 15.4 10 9.4 218 13.1 2 4.3 11 8.1 35 37.6 7 2.9 365 10.3 19 1.~ 281 10.3 12 12.6 56 10.8 2 9.5 31 12.4 40 14.9 5 21.7 145 7.4 5 15.6 2 10.0 4 36.3 3 17.6 546 9.5 11 13.8 12 14.6 1 12.5 35 12.7 25 8.9 6 50.0 215 10.5 13 14.1 135 11.0 33 12.5 1 8.3 1 5.9 1928 130 10.4 46 8.9 8 7.5 176 10.6 5 10.9 15 11.1 2 2.2 30 12.4 360 10.2 7 .7 313 11.4 6 6.3 64 12.4 2 9.5 14 5.6 61 22.7 4 17.4 131 6.6 1 3.1 3 15.0 1 9.1 535 9.3 5 6.2 9 11.0 27 9.8 7 2.5 1 8.3 157 7.7 8 8.7 3 27.3 108 8.8 17 6.4 4 33.4 1929 141 11.3 50 9.7 13 12.3 190 11.4 8 17.4 19 14.1 6 6.2 28 11.6 269 9.8 13 13.7 45 8.7 2 9.5 30 12.0 31 11.5 130 6.6 2 6.3 3 15.0 1 9.1 1 5.9 694 12.1 5 6.2 5 6.1 2 25.0 33 12.0 9 3.2 238 11.7 8 8.7 2 18.2 1ca"-t...1"o~n'---'B"'a';!sC"t"ar",d"iY~B",u",1""ld,,;1~ng~___ ly Weapone Lottery _8w~l)~1_e_~ _ _~C,=,1.t. ~y~er1or C8 C8 C M,018 21,8141,703 383~252 586 4~5 C8 CS C S . (; 8 329 1274,6771,8631,959 2871,9S1-1,050 ==~ ===~~=============~========~ 450 1 3 1,279" 185 ~ 73 1 ~f~ 321 56 1 8 1 2 1 18 18 1 3 2 1 2 8 1 ~ 1 6 9 8 9 2 3 3 2 26f 37 16 6 1 4 1 1 11 3 1 2 1 6 1 96 10 6 2 6 43 1 1 1 120 4,642 1,381 9,983 1,166 86 1,815 18 86 1 124 1 556 4 1 30 3 651 1 2 256 7 188 1 11 2 1 6~~ 2 1 42 1 3 1 1 8 225 2 2 1 56 14 12 6 2304 2 4 18 1 g 290 31 5 11 1 1~ 14ft 28 2 1 149 30 1 19 41 20 1 1 91 12 1 2 11 1 56 J~ 2~ 1 233 2 12 3 1 1 2 3 2 12 33 10 30 1 2 ? 3 11 2 938 1,086 24 1,9 1 2~~ 2 2,967 1,61+0 2 70 12 4,563 891 34 12 417 244 1 1 3 1 79 2 1 25 1 1 g 93 2 1 159 83 22 230 72 839 1 21 2 5 60 28 81 17 33 20 1 17 1 4,817 1,944 2 39 15 2 3 14 41 29 1 165 121 1 104 34 1 1 64 21 608 205 36 31 75 1 1 18 22 3 2 6 3 3 1 10 3 1 11 558 527 1 12 65 7 14 1 3 18 83 52 1 11 13 9 3 8 73 75 201 373 32 1,3~ 346 1 27 62 22 456 1 32 75 1 6 4 1 3 1 6 3 2 2 6 1 19 3 26 1 g 18 6 148 62 78 1 9 1 88 9 2 13 5 9 1 21 16 5 1 154 1+0 1 1 76 39 10 299 305 1 2 1 1 3 3 7 1 1 20 7 2 1 6 7 6 42 22 1 3 5 10 11 114 2 138 468 24 242 75 ~ 6 1 2 1 11 19 15 11 3 48 42 1 12 1 23 1 1 4 2 1 2 1,006 8 553 Ib~ 221 2 ~g 18 33 7 6 1 2 1 1 5~ 26 3 21 8~ 2 6 5 1 6 37 10 12 1 2 10 2 5 1 42 705 523 6 2 5 2 3 11 27 1 2 1 12 101 23 14 1 3 14 15 12 12 1 1 1 1 fg 4 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 4 1 3 15 2 2 303 63 1 I n1 1 3 32 1 8 26 160 8 2 1 1 11 4 5 6 6 11 5 1 1+ 2 1 1+ 3 21 359 7 4 7 4 6 1 1 6 12 3 1 3 16 1 1 1 2 - 156 - TABLE 20 SENTENCES FOR MISDEMEANOR CASES By Crimes 57 Superior and 29 City Courts of Georgia January 1, 1926 - December 31, 1935 Diet. Div. Larceny Larceny Public Maintaining Ma1ioioue Miedmre. Opere Auto Public Rec. stolen Ree. Unstamp Uee Auto w/o Use Obee. Vio. Game Vio. Motor Vio. Proh. Wife -'W"'0:;.rc"'Sh",i"'P'--;,s_-"E~8c",a",p",i"';ng~_----,G~am"""b~1=-"ln-"igr--"( S,-,i~mi"P",le"-.J),--..--"A,..f*te~r~T~ru~s'!..'t,--~In~d!"e,-"e.l:;le;'-J:p,=:r'OunkT""D,=:l~ul~lk~e",n:C'.ne"'.'e'cis'---_WGo~O~d,!!.S--,,-_~T\"o",b'!'ae"jcf'0'!!s CS C S C 8 CS CS _ _ ~s~t'!'ab'a.!kli.!dlE~'n~-t--e.ro!lZCY"ac rwr!,ye!!a~Dp~0e'Wa'~ed-- LCoairr~yrlyngSOn CSh~elantd1aendS DWOl~eSth. lPDlSv. -';GIIAND~"""TNOT"A"L----------'8"8".*0~18.-"~21~.!ln;.703 3S3 1,92~ 252--5Sb---1i=5 329 127 ~,677 l,S63l.959 2S71.9S11,050 2111 216 Larceny Larceny Pub11c Maintalnlng Ma11cloue Mledemsanore Oper. Auto Pub11c Esoaplng C S 4l!5 197 Gamb11ng C S 3.316 579 I5(,S7CllmI9p~31~S.en)~.2r_g~C~A-,5f-8-t7-eTrS;T'-r~4ur3!sCt!';-1I-n6_d0-'eioSsTn.-c1_y4~C~--,L1~3eSw5,.d,-H--1o-5u-0-s-er.*CM4r4-l6-s,o':h5l;1eS2f.5,--(~MQr7rl6e-1"o:.S)~~C7~5;2--,5.W..6.hj9Sl3~le--1-I,,1no6t-o-3-x-.l5Di.Lr5~u-2-n6-k.~ e--n~nSee~s 300 or 6 months 300 or 7 months 1300 or S months 300 or 9 months 300 or 10 monthll .300 or 12 months .300 or IS months IIWo or 3 monthe IWo or 4- months 4-00 or 6 months IWo or !I monthe IiOO or 9 months 1400 or 12 monthll t400 or 18 months 500 or 1 month 500 or 4- months 1500 or 6 months 500 or 10 months 500 or 12 Dlonths 500 or 18 months 1600 or 6 months 600 or 8 mOnths 600 or 12 months $800 or 6 months 800 or S months 800 or 12 months i1000 or 4- months ' 1000 or 6 monthe 1000 or 12 months 16 1 1 1 33 1 30 3 9!1 L6 1 1 1 ~i 5 3 2 l' 3 188 121 1 1 3 S 2 14- 1 1 6 3 13 1 1 93 1 2 36 4- 1 1 1 1 2 1 76 4 1 9 1 1 7S 33 1 1 1 3 3 1 1 1 4 2 2 1 10 1 27 5 5 1 1 1 7 S 70 3 1 3 6 1 3 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 6 3 8 1 2 1 1 1 4 2 1 1 1 71 1 1 2 2 2 14 1 1 9 2 1 1 2 4 9 S 5 1 1 9 1 2 4 3 16 22 1 1 1 1 1 2 7 12 1 S 1 2 1 1 1 1 3 2 32 12 1 1 2 1 1 4- 2 2 1 S 11 1 1 1 6 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 4 1 2 2 2 5 1 1 2 1 4 ine and Detention 10 and 15 daye 10 and 1 month 10 and 2 months 10 and 3 monthe 10 and 4- months 10 and 6 monthe 110 and !I months 10 and 10 monthe 10 and 12 months 10 and 18 monthe 3 19 12 17 4 32 9 22 31 4 1 2 1 54 106 1 2 1 24 2 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 25 and 15 days 25 and 1 month 125 and 2 monthll 25 and 3 monthe .25 and 4- monthe 25 and 6 monthe 25 and 8 months 125 and 9 monthe 25 and 10 monthe 25 and 12 months .25 and 18 monthe 46 44 340 J 136 13 1 1 2 7 3 612 Sl 11 19 1 60 2 26 55S 13 177 7 9 33 1 6 2 2 1 1 2 12 3 1 1 3 11 1 1 26 12 4 3 4 2 3 3 3 2 4 3 L) 3 7 6 75 1 3 50 and 1 month 150 and 2 monthe 50 and 3 monthe 50 and 4- monthe 50 and 5 monthe 50 and 6 monthe 50 and 7 monthe 50 and S monthe 150 and 9 monthe 50 and 10 monthe .50 and 12 monthe .50 and IS months 6 36 ~ 1 121 72 268 39 1 12 15 1 4 1 1 1 1 2 ~ 7 1 1 2 2 2 1 922 287 6 9 3 1 111 91 1 1 S 29 9 2 1 5 1 43 3!;. 33 38 5 3 6 1 2 16 2 1 2 6 2 1 1 1 977 554 2 4 3 1 63 1 1 12 27 5 17 3 3 75 and 15 daye 1 175 and 1 month 2 75 and 2 mont hs 2 75 $75 and and 3 4 mm~o-ntth-hss----~-::...---2-24--=--7-3 -==----.:..--.._~...:--.~~1---=- 1 1 1 1 5 5 1 2 1 8 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 13 20 1 12 1 2 3 1 1 3 24 10 10 2 4 .) 12 1 15 1 50 2 4 1 3 27 5 '3 1 4 6 79 6 3 13 7 29 74- 2~ 3 2 1 2 2 12 1 10 29 1 3 1 58 10 2 1 2 10 2 6 19 6 3 2 1 1 6 33 196 40 6 2 1 2 10 1 2 -2 7 1 4- 2 1 6 24 2 2 4 2 1 1 2 2 3 1 ,03 1 12 15 1 9 2 4 3 237 5 39 10 1 56 1 1 7 17S 7 51 16 21 8 1 1 2 1 2 2 ~4 3 i 2 15 75 2 4 ls6 16 24 26 2 1 5 1 i 6 1 2 1 2 1 4- 200 3S 1 3 46 5 1 1 13 - 1511 - Rec. Stolen Rec. Unstamp Goods Tobaccos . Use Auto ./0 Owners Cons. 209 2 11- 0 21 2 1 100 112 20 0 Vi0. Game no. Motor La.s Veh. Lan 1$ Vi0. Proh. La. 1i'1te Beatlng 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 11- 1 1 1 5 1 2 1 2 1 1 1 11- -3 1 3 9 7 1 1 56 7 19 3 26 1 1 2 2 125 79 10 1 1 1 6 1 91 31 3 1 1 11-7 2 11-11- 1$ 1 GRAND TOTAL 175 and 10 months 75 and 12 months 75 and 18 months 1110000 aanndd 12 mmoonntthhs 100 and ~ monthe 100 and months 100 and 6 months 11'0'0' .an.d. 87 .m.o.n.t.h.s 100 and 9 months 100 and 10 months 100 and 12 months 100 and 18 months roo200 200 aanndd and ~2 mmoonntthhss months g 200 and months 200 and months 1220000 aanndd 98 mmoonntthhss 200 and 10 months 200 and 12 months 200 and 18 months g I~OO 300 aanndd 42 mmoonntthhes 300 and months 300 and months 300 and 7 months 1300 and 8 months 300 and 12 months 300 and 18 months 1400 and 6 months 400 and 12 months 400 and 18 months 1550000 aanndd ~ mmoonntthhes 500 and 9 months 500 and 12 monthe 500 and 18 months 600 and 12 months 800 and 12 months 1000 and 12 months 1000 and 18 monthe F1ns OnlY 10 F1ne 25 F1ne 50 Fine 75 F1ne 100 F1ne 200 Fine 00 F1ne Detention Only Jail or Cha1ngang Ssntsnos 15 deye 1 month 2 months ~ months months gmonths months 7 months 8 months 9 months 10 monthe 12 months 18 months Adultery '" . TOTAL Abandonment Forn1oat1on Baet t r C !\S.01 21,814 1,703 383 252 5 32 2 77 1,8 3 1.959 16-~ 158 3 8 256 2 1~ 8 164 1 673 261 1,337 9 19 1 155 6 9 17~ 93 4 2 4 11 350 3 5 1 1 1 1 122 40 32 1 88 1 1 33 3 5 270 1 2 1 16 2 5 7~ 1 4 3 l 308 1 3 4 74 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 10 8 2 1 138 94 i 1 1 1 2 1 1 3 1 46 1 18 n3 1 1 1 1 3 1 23 1 5 ~ 3 1 7 1 1 1 2 1 10 7 60 4 565 1 1 2 7 24 8 10 5 1 1 1 1 1 11 7 31 1 2 1 15 1 31 2 2 1 2 1 56 7 105 6 6 9 1 10 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 2 7 2 26 5 2 9 1 3 1 1 3 8 2 1 1 1 2 1 4 2 3 1 76 24 4 2*~1 69 1 321 1 60 4 1 14 15 1 21 36 1 10 12 1 3 1 1 9 1 12 7 1 1 1 1 11 2 5 4 13 1 199 2,397 751 4.26~ 2.60 190 7,657 83 1,552 299 768 9.298 113 1 98 122 1 1 492 4 238 1 41 1 1.131 34 6 36 156 98 ~ 2 2 82 7 2 4-,000 1,547 528 22 2t 2 46 1 M5 1 30 1 22 87 12 5 7 2 1 1 4 g 8 2 98 6 500 1 1 1 21 20 1 1 65 12 2 3 11 108 9 3 15 65 1 2 l~g 70 6 i~ 47 59 12 6 446 15~ 1 201 4 2 196 21 8 10 8 47 13 4 49 329 2 532 21 29 8 65 8 49 16 9 215 44 2 73 25 2 21 5 179 7~ 2 6 18 21 6 8 10 4 15 239 382 9 8 99 - 160 - Taole 20 - Sentenca. for Mlsdemeanor CaBes (Cont1d) LarceIlJ Larceny Pu b11c I4alntalnlng Mal1clous Mlsdemeanors Oper. Auto l'ubl1o de'=~=~""~,=~~~~=t=":~d~,~,f=~~~~:_8;79:15(.~7S1l+m~9 ~I3e,;)~ ::A5~Sf7t~er=T~r3u=st ~1In~d0e~ce:n1c;=L1e~w35d;H=o1u~5s0e ~~M~lsc=hl~1e2f5;(=M7~ls1cE.).7=52~5W,;69h;l3le;1,I1:n6to3:x.5~D;r~5u2n~bkle~~n9n~9e5s~s ~~ 1 1 1 2 7 11 7 1 1 i 1 1 7 33 16 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 12 13 7 32 2 1 1 1 2 3 1 1 1 9 15 16 5 12 2 1 2 3 2 2 1 2 1 12 2 1 1 2 1 1 1. 13 3 1 2 10 12 21+ 12 2 6 1 1 1+ 37 1 2 1 2 1 7 30 17 6 4 5 II- 1 2 23 3 2 2 3 2 49 6 1 1 2 1 2 2 1 3 14 3 2 1 7 32 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 3 1 3 2 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 1 51 1 2 2 7 3 1 4 1 1 1 1 1 ,--'------ 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 6 1 2 11 9 1 1 1 19 1 1 4 7 1 3 2 53 1 17 1 1 21 133 1 7 1 IS 2 56 1 617 1 1 21+2 1,062 2 1 16 1 1 146 9 2 1 169 1 1 877 69 1 51 2 2 1 1 11 :no 1 34 1 1 1 15 2 12 8 2 1 1 114 16 5 4 35 5 25 1 6 2 1 6 1 ~ 9 2 1 1 1 1 4 1 13 ~ 6 8 6 2 17 12 1 331 2 2 7 10 3 2 5 62 1 i 1 6 3 1 1 2 2 4 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 24 43 19 8 73 2 9 1 1 ~ 73 8 1 1 1 H 10 31 20 79 14 12 Ig ~ 2 2 1 1 4 12 3 1 18 18 2 24 12 5 23 47 8 565 15 2~ . 2 3 31S 15 28 83 12 1,127 105 44 59 1 91S 67 57 1i 1 28 1 7 1 2 10 2 96 6J 2 2 9 16 2 22 1 3 79 2 2 25 38 IS 205 IS 10 4 109 S 10 1 S 1 86 4 33 17 22 6 20 57 1 1 2 62 8 8 2,41S 297 104 - 44 13 1 467 55 16 1 127 49 3 1 2 16 5 10 1 13 13 50 1 1 5 1 J 3 1 7 74 2S7 2 2 32 397 2 76 IS 2 1 1+ 2 4 23 3 1 11 1 7 5 2 20 5 ~ 12 6 1 ~ 6 2 13 310 1+5 42 2,539 1,246 12 44 2 19 1 44 5 37 131+ 1 1 4 1 3 60 3 1+6 3 4 34 1 41 10 7 45 12~ 35 '-~~~~~- 1 8 73 314 109 549 6 1 3S 126 IS 3 ~g 5 62 38 ~ 1 4 20 1 7 9 1 155 2 91 24 1 9 14 1 1 2 46 3 143 21 6 25 4 1 7 1 5 12 12 1 26 1 632 28 13 3U29 41 2 S 21 43 1 21 10 13 6 1 27 7 16 365 23 9 1 2 2 1 1 1 57 5 1 2 2 11 1 1 1 5 2 34 46 4- 26 1 41 53~ 57 2 19 10 1 79 1 22 2 165 6 32 4 1 99 2 3 3 1 38 1 26 ! 462 S2 1,019 5 793 8 16 ~ 71 20 29 7 25 2 4 5 10 2,345 189 96 5 3 9 5S6 1~ 14 3 70 43 gg Il 24 247 I,S99 96 5 277 9 22 - 161 - Gram Total F1J:le or Detention $10 or 1 month $10 or 3 months $10 or 4 months $10 or 6 months $10 or 12 months $10 or 18 months $25 or 1 month $25 or 2 months $25 or 3 months $25 or 4 months $25 or 5 months $25 or 6 months $25 or 9 months $25 or 10 months $25 or 12 months $25 or 18 months $50 or 1 month $50 or 2 months $50 or 3 months $50 or 4 months $50 or 5 months $50 or 6 months $50 or 1 months $50 or 8 months $50 or 9 months $50 or 10 months $50 or 12 molIths $50 or 18 months $15 or 3 months $15 or 4 months $15 or 5 months $15 or 6 months $15 or 1 molIths $15 or 8 months $15 or 9 months $15 or 10 months $15 or 12 months $15 or 18 months $100 or 1 month $100 or 3 months $100 or 4 months $100 or 6 months $100 or 8 months $100 or 10 molIths $100 or 12 months $100 or 18 months $200 or 4 months $200 or 6 months $200 or 8 months $200 cr 10 months $200 or 12 months $200 or 18 months $300 or 3 months $300 or 6 months $300 or 9 months $300 or 12 months $300 or 18 molIths . TABLE 21* SENTENCES FOR FELONY CASES By CriJDes 51 Superior Courts of Georgia January 1. 1926 - December 31. 1935 s.. ~ Cl ,..,0..... IXl ~ ~ ,b.O. al 1........ Cl ~ ~ ~ CD ll .. ., ~ ~! ....l>D Cl .. "l "loP i:' ..;:G) "l ....~... l>D ~ ~ ..I..... G) ~ ...~.,.. ~ i:' G) ~ t,o 0 I":l ~ H 24,504 2,887 202 151 76 65 323 30 7,783 96 126 1,430 15 15 3 5 1 4 1 1 1 44 16 1 1 1 1 8 1 3 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 3 2 1 2 11 3 1 1 1 1 4 3 3 3 17 6 4 1 34 7 1 2 1 6 12 1 10 4 10 2 1 4 1 1 1 55 25 1 1 11 2 10 5 274 42 3 3 1 2 2 8 1 1 2 52 2 5 25 48 2 2 1 8 4 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 1 2 14 9 2 13 1 3 .: 1 2 1 94 26 1 2 15 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 4 1 5 1 3 2 39 8 1 1 4 7 2 2 4 3 191 46 3 1 2 1 26 9 1 2 3 12 1 1 1 1 6 3 1 2 120 31 1 3 1 8 5 7 23 6 1 2 4 3 1 5 2 50 12 1 4 1 1 1 2 2 9 1 -164 Table 21 - Sentenoes for Felo~ Cases (Cont l d) Fine IUld Detention (CoIIt1d) $500 am 12 moIIths $600 am 12 moIIthB $800 am 7 months $800 roid 12 months $1000 am 12 moIIths $1000 IUld 18 months - .: .~ -P oj> -p-P oj> Total ~1a ~$-e ::\~i ~~CD ::~ fa' <.H I>: ~i ",.p <'" Hi:1 .g !a 33 6 1 1 1 4 2 4 3 i t ..b..O. r . .~~CD ,.. ~0 CD ..... f~~ to ...C,c..D... III '" > III 6 2 3 ~ ~ t,o ~ 1~ .. CD ~ ~ 0 ~ rC.D. ~ CD ~ ~ CD 0 r0.. ~ 2 Fine Only $10 Fine $25 Fine $50 Fine $75 Fine $100 Fine $200 Fine $300 Fine 7 1 11 21 5 1 1 11 1 8 10 1 1 4 2 1 1 2 1 DeteIItion Only Jailor ChaiDl!;1Ulg SeIItenoes 1 month 157 3 1 1 23 47 2 months 124 3 1 3 1 14 8 2 3 months 171 7 1 1 4 1 36 1 10 4 moIIths 95 3 2 1 11 23 5 months 25 1 1 6 6 months 701 94 6 4 4 1 4 1 174 1 8 45 7 months 49 1 1 22 1 4 8 months 196 22 2 1 1 2 71 1 16 2 9 months 159 23 2 6 36 1 4 10 months 169 16 7 59 1 6 12 months 5,744 609 60 34 5 19 84 4 1,956 13 48 469 2 18 moIIths 691 45 2 3 9 205 7 1 54 penitentiary SeIItences 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years 6 years 7 years 8 years 9 years 10 years 2,428 154 27 4 10 1 57 - 1,028 8 2 19 2 2,839 374 10 47 18 15 55 1 1,192 23 19 149 2 1,613 127 5 8 3 2 36 747 2 7 159 1 942 46 4 18 5 2 11 204 8 1 142 1,187 129 10 1 6 14 553 1 4 13 2 219 25 1 90 6 193 28 1 1 1 1 68 1 1 8 136 23 1 1 44 47 7 30 1 454 52 7 4 175 1 3 11 years 12 years 13 years 14 years 15 years 16 years 17 years 18 years 19 years 20 years 13 359 84 1 5 2 10 1 21 123 5 1 4 6 92 2 4 39 2 293 12 9 2 4 88 40 1 1 3 49 1 2 1 57 3 19 87 1 6 Eleotrocution 83 Life 715 2 2 3 other Dispositions Industrial School Training School Insane Ayslumn BeA. 147 3 2 1 7 173 5 6 1 340 57 7 1 2 1 77 3 81 2 1 59 1 2 16 T