GEORGIA'S PEOPL A Status Report on Human Resources Health-Education- Welfare -Manpower H. OLIVER WELCH Slale PlannIng omcer state plannlnq BUReau 116 MITCHELL ST., 5. W. / ATLANTA, GA. 30303 / 524-6941 GEORGIA'S PEOPLE A Status Report on Human Resources Health-Education-Welfare -Manpower The preparation of this document was financially aided through a Federal grant from the Department of Housing and Urban Development under the Urban Planning Assistance Program authorized by Section 101 of the Housing Act of 1954, as amended. December, 1968 PREFACE The Human .1{esource Status Report has been prepared to provide the de cision-maker s of the State - - the people, the Governor, the Legislature, the various departments and others -- with a comprehensive picture of what the State is, or should be, striving to achieve in the area of human resource development and utilization. It covers the specific functional areas of health, education, we Hare and manpower. The Human Resource Planning Program is concerned with the broad area of human resource development and its relationship to the overall enhancement of Georgia. The program shall be a joint effort applying planning te chnique s to the var iou s areas of human re sour ce problems of the State so as to develop clear statements of goals and objectives; rational methods of assessing programs; recommendations and alternative solutions to key problems; and an umbre lla for br ing together the planning activitie s of the re lated functional areas into a unified human resource development effort. This status report broadly assesses the nature of the problems in human resources; reviews current policies, goals and objectives; and inventories existing general programs. This is an initial step necessary to develop a comprehensive set of goals and objectives, to identify deficienc ies in current programs and to specify needs for additional programs. The next step is to prepare plans and design programs that will attain these goals, satisfy the needs, and remedy the deficiencies. This should be achieved by the various state agencies in their functional long range planning. The process of accomplishing this functional long range planning should include the follow ing: ':< Developing alternative programs and projects which will insure the attainment of the goals and obje ctive s. ':< Estimating the costs, feasibility, and expected results for each alternative. >:~ Developing a method of unifying the plans in each functional area into a whole. ':< Developing a means of continuously assessing changes of human re source needs. ':< Indicating methods of gaining acceptance the recommended programs into action. -1- The ftn-al but never ending phase of work is a continuous process of evaluating,revising, and updating programs as required by the changing needs, and of establishing new planning programs to meet these needs. The desired results of this effort are to develop human resource policies which promote coordinated effort in health, education, welfare, manpower, and related areas; to translate the se policie s into a unified human re sour ce plan for Geor gia; and to deve lop alternative means to solve the human resource problerr.s as they become issue s of the people of Georgia, so that a balanced effort in human resources development and utilization may be achieved in the State. -ii- CrC'dits: Appreciation must be expressed to the following agencies and persons for the contribution of their time and talent in an effort to make this a more n1eaningful report. Sincere efforts were devoted to the collection, preparati on, and review of this document by the following: Departn1ent of Education: Dr. Allen C. Smith - Deputy State Superintendent of Schools. Mr. John S. Prickett - Assistal~t State Superintendent of Schools for Vocational Rehabilitation Services. Dr. Gene Bottoms - Associate State Director, Vocational Education, Leadership Service s - - Guidance. Dr. Mamie Jo Jones - Associate Director, Division of Special Education, Program of Pupil Personnel. Mr. Robert Beemon - Coordinator for Title I, ESEA Program. Mr. Troy A. Bledzoe - Coordinator of Administrative Services for Vocational Rehabilitation Mr s. Ruth Carpenter - Coordinator of Instructional Programs. Board of Regents: Dr. Mario J. Goglia - Vice Chancellor for Research. Department of Family and Children Service s: Mr. Richard K. Bridges, Jr. - Program Management Officer. Commission on Aging: Mr. Harold B. Parker - Executive Director. Department of Industry and Trade: Col. Harold A. Dye - Assistant Executive Director. Georgia Science and Technology Commission: Mr. Joe W. Lawson - Research Associate. Department of Public Health: Mr. John D. Humphreys - Executive Assistant to the Director. Mrs. Marion R. Ewing - Planning Officer. Dr. Eugene J. Gille spie - Dire ctor, Office of Comprehensive Health Planning Mrs, Patricia C. Leet - Community Organization Consultant, Office of Comprehensive Health Planning Department of Labor: Mr. Howard Weeks - Director Employment Division. Mr. Giles Batchelor - Assistant Director, Employment Division. Mr. Jerry Sims - Employment Services Technical Staff Supervisor Counseling. Mrs. Maria Mallett - Assistant Chief - Research and Analysis, Manpower Resources. - ii i- TABLE OF CONTENTS Preface i Credits iii I. Summary and Recommendations 1 II. Introduction 7 III. Health 12 IV. Education 21 V. Welfare 42 VI. Manpower 68 VII. Appendixes 69 A. Health 72 B. Education 95 C. Welfare 99 D. Manpower Bibliography 102 State Advisory Committee on Area Planning And Development 104 Statistical Representatives and Planning Officers from State Agencies 105 -iv- 11 The people is Everyman, everybody. Everybody is you and me and all others. 11 Carl Sandburg, The People, Yes SUMMARY & RECOMMENDA TrONS Chapter r SUMMAH Y C,'orgia's pt'opll' are IH'r Ilun1an Hcsources; tlH'Y are the controlling force within tlw state which cktcrn1in0S th(' social, cconon1ic, and physical conditions and dt'v('lopnH>nt by which a state is characterized are evaluatc'd with other states. These resources are the governing factors which act as the key to unlock the barr ier s of ignorance, poor health, dependency, unemployme nt, and underemployment. Their development must be maximized along with the other natural, economic, government, and transportational resources if this State is to grow and become the leader of the South. Only through the development of the people's basic health, education, welfare, and manpower need s can the ir efforts, nece s sary for the growth and deve 10pmcn1 of the State, be maximized. The health activities of the State have grown as crises have become apparent, and such activities are striving to meet as many of the needs as are feasible through the application of both federal and state funds. They include statewide health services and facilities, specialized research and investigation programs, and various other activities, all for the general purpose of promoting the health and well being of the people of the state. Although the efforts are broad and the expenditures great, there remains, as there always will, the sick who must be provided for. There are new innovative approaches to solving these problems that must be implemented. There are areas where services must be developed and areas where staff must be trained to meet the increasing health needs of the people. These needs cannot be met by the Department of Public Health alone, but must be intergrated with other agencies and areas of concern so that a more balanced effort may be achieved, mutually advantageous to all parties and areas of concern. -2- Educat ion like health has progressed, but along with other Southern states, Geor g i a sti 11 l"('D1ains an a rea of poor cduca ti onal achi evement where the educated If'ave _for better opportunities. In Georgia significant progress has been made in recent years, but when ranked with other state s, it must be concluded that the se advance s have not come fast enough. Georgians are today fighting the educational battle of the 1970' s. The outcome will depend large ly upon their actions in the next few years. Progress, in the field of education, has been made in Georgia. Since the 1950' s expenditures per pupil have doubled, and during the past ten years public school attendance increased by a quarter of a million pupils, the nun1ber of high school graduates doubled, college enrollments almost doubled, and the median years of schooling of adult Georgians rose from 7.8 years to 9. () years. The problem is not that Georgia has been standing still, but that other states have been moving as fast or faster, causing the relative educational achievements to remain low. In our mobile society, it is often this relative standing which determines whether or not a person is qualified for a job and whether an industry chooses to locate in one place or another. The Georgia Department of Education along with the other public and private educational facilitie sand univer s itie s do str ive to provide improved educational opportunities to the youth as well as the adults; they do stress continual evaluation of programs and new and imaginative progrcuns in all areas, especially special education, vocational education, and vocational rehabilitation; but these efforts alone are not sufficient. Better and more services must be available to all students on an equal basis and expenditures must corne from not only state, federal, and local sources, but private enterprise must be expected to provide for the education of the more technically proficient that it demands. -3- Welfare is another area which is essential in the developrr1ent of human resources of the State. The activities center around the responsibility of providing, through the disbursement of federal and state benefits, for the basic essentials of living to the dependent individuals of the State. Assistance is provided in the major areas of Aid to the Blind, Aid to Families with Dependent Children, Aid to Permanently or Totally Disabled, and Aid to the Aged. In these areas, the welfare function is being carried out in a beneficial manner for those that are abl-~ to participate in these programs. However, there is a vast number not included in the services of the State, such as aid to the unemployed, the sick, the helpless, and the under privileged, who must be provided for if they are to become active participants of society. The primary goal of welfare should be to aid the needy through training and finding them suitable employment, or to care for them while they cannot care for themselves. The trend today of perpetuating people on welfare is against the bas ic pr incipals and theorie s of welfare. Welfare should financially aid those who immediate need is money to exist. However, it is the next step that is important. Steps must be taken to make these people a significant and valuable part of society. We must no longer take the short cut to solving the problems, but must change the whole manner and way of thinking. Manpower is directly re lated with the other functional areas of health, education, and welfare. Through the effective utilization of our manpower resources, we can fully grow and develop in all areas of the state. If we have full employment opportunity, where individuals not only have jobs for which they are paid, but are employed to their full capacity, we are fully utilizing them as important resources. They will be contributing to society and to the state, economically and socially. We shall then have active citizens who not only care for their own well-being, but who will care for their whole way of life and those that share their way of life. -4- In the arC'a of D1anpower, trends concerning job needs and necessary skills are constantly be ing studied and analyzed so that people can be trained to meet these nE'eds of the future. Basic trends in Georgia include the decline of agriculture, the growing urbanization of the state, and the increasing education and skills of the workers. As we recognize such trends we can better understand the growing problems facing us, and how best to solve these future problems. Basic programs concerning manpower on the federal and state level include training projects under the provisions of the Manpower Development and Training A ct of 1962, the Ne ighborhood Youth Corps, Concentrated Employment Programs, Jobs in the Business Sector, Model Cities, New Careers, prison releasee programs, Selective Service Rejectee programs, and Ten Cities. The State Employment Service also assists in finding jobs for people and people for jobs, and administers the Employability Development Program which identifies and reaches out to individuals who are not readily employable, to provide assistance necessary to make them productive members of the work force and of society. The employability development field is relatively new in concepts and ideas. Its ultimate value is that it looks beyond the immediate needs of the unemployed and skill shortages to the longer range goals and problems that will develop. It estimates the skills needed for the future, trains people to lear these skills, and seeks to effectively use and advance the labor force of the State of Georgia. -5- RECOMMENDATIONS: All furtlwr efforts in the area of human resources should be undertaken with the maximum participation of all agencies involved so as to develop a more meaningful document that provide s comparable information in all areas of concern; whereby a more comprehensive picture may be achieved and a more just evaluation may be made of the need, programs, and priorities. i~n advisory committee should be established in the area of human re source s consisting of representatives from all state departments concerned and individuals involved with this area. It should serve as a guiding force in carrying out the following recommendations. A proce s s should be deve loped for br inging together the long range functional planning of health, education, welfare, manpower and other related areas into a unified human resource development effort. A comprehensive framework should be created for developing a clear statement of human resource short, medium and long range goals; for assessing and updating need s; for evaluating existing and proposed programs on a comparative basis; and for developing priorities of goals and programs, alternative programs, and huma.n re source planning procedure s. A comprehensive Human Resources Policy Plan should be developed which provides the overall guidelines for human resource development in the state for use by the Governor and Legi3lature, the state agencies, the regional and local units of government, and the pr ivate se ctor. Although these recommendations have been partially utilized in some areas, they have not been adapted as overall policies of the State nor have they been fully participated in by all the agencies necessary to develop a unified human re source effort. -6- 11 The people is Everyman, everybody. Everybody is you and me and all others. 11 Carl Sandburg, The People, Yes INTRODUCTION Chapter II The IIun1an r~esources of Georgia are her people. They are those who contribute to her overall growth and development, and those who can not contribute because of poor health, limited education, age, social inequality and injustice, or because of unemployment or underemployment. They are the rich and the poor, the educated and the uneducated, the white and the non-white, the workers and the non-workers, the young and the aged. Human resource planning and development is concerned with all the people of the State, so that the maximum contribution can be achieved by them, and the maximum benefits can be provided for them, the State and the Nation. Only through the enhancement and adequate concern for the Human Resources of a State along with an efficient development of the Natural, Economic and lVianagement,Governmental, and Transportation Re SC'.lrce s, can state grow in a manner which maxirr.izes all its resources. For only through human resources, do the other resources have ITIeaning, utility, or importance;; without man only natural resources would exist and only through the exploitation of the natural resources by ITIan, has he created the other resources for his benefit and welfare. When efforts in anyone of the re source areas are concentrated at the expense of the others, a sporadic development occurs in that area with an iITIbalance aITIong the other areas, which remain stagnant or develop slowly. This situation remains in force until another area is brought into emphasis by dissatisfaction of pressure groups, citizens, legislators, or the decision-makers of the state. Then, emphasis is again placed in a single area and an unbalanced situation continues. -8- The responsibility of government to be concerned with, to promote, and to develop its human resources has been established in the Preamble to both the Constitution of the United States and the Constitution of the State of Georgia. Each states, respectively, "we the people" establish the Constitution "to promote the general welfare" and "to promote the interest and happiness of the citizens." Georgia! s Article I of the Bill of Rights to its Constitution of 1945 further emphasizes that, "All government...originate s with the people, is founded upon their will only, and is instituted solely for the good of the whole. " The need for human resources development is readily recognized by the people, and efforts to solve the problems started in Georgia as early as 1734 with the first education classes. Major human resource efforts are presently concentrated in the functional areas of health, education, welfare, and recently manpower development. The efforts of government generally have been characterized as acti vi tie s which overlap and duplicate other areas of responsibility; activities which function with a total disregard of other activities of the state, whether they relate directly to the same resource area or to others; and activities that function with little regard of what they are trying to accomplish for the people of the state. This characterization may not apply to all areas or it may only partially apply; but it is something with which state government must now become more concerned, because of the diversity, complexity, and competiveness of the various functions it is required to perform. It is, therefore, nece s sary for the State of Georgia to develop a comprehensive picture of what the State should be achieving in each reSource area - - its specific goals for that area. -9- In the area of human resources in Georgia, there exist no goals compiled or established representing a clear statement of what the State is striving to achieve. However, goals do exist in each of the state departmental areas of health, education, welfare, and manpower, which represent human resource goals. Only by analyzing these goals can a clearer idea be established of what the overall goals are for human resources. Goals, in general, are defined as the ends toward which efforts are directed. They are the specified states of accomplishment toward which objectives and programs are directed with no element of time, or measure of achievement expressed. They are seldom apparent and most often appear in terms of values, desires, purposes, or intents. By being expressed in such terms they are often ambitious, inconsistent, complex, and idealistic. Objectives represent the means of attaining the goals. They are defined as something towards which effort is directed and is capable of being achieved. Objectives are expressed in terms of accomplishing a measured amount towards a goal during a specified interval of time. The sequence of operations for carrying out objective s is referred to as a program. Programs, which also have their own objectives, consist of activities or actions taken to achieve the program objectives. Projects are considered as the group of tasks to implement a program. The human resource goals, when established and accepted by the various agencies and parties involved, can provide a measure for all functions of the state relating to this area. They are useful as a measure of the contribution of existing and proposed programs toward the attain- -10- ment of, or the detraction from, the desired accomplishments. Goals also act as a measure against programs of other resource areas (such as economic resources) to see if they are in competition with the human resource programs and goals or if they are complimenting and enhancing them. To be meaningful, the human re source goals must be formulated and recorded in a manner so that they are tempered by good judgment. They must be viewed in their entirety, not as an isolated value, due to their interrelation with other goals, objectives, programs and projects. In order that a more acceptable set of human resource goals may be developed, this preliminary effort will provide only those goals from the purpose or intent of Georgia Legislation relating to the areas of health, education and welfare and manpower. Although this presents a generalized picture, a more detailed analysis and review should occur with inputs from all agencies and parties related to human resources. This is necessary so that a comprehensive set of human re source goals may be e stabli shed and priorities of goals adopted. However, due to the nature of our society and the continued changes in needs, the established set of goals should remain flexible in order to accomodate the change s in needs or the fulfillment of a goal. -11- "The health of the people is really the foundation upon which all their happine s s and all their powers as a State depend." Disraeli HEALTH Chapter III The variousfacets of state health work in Georgia all deal with the preservation of the physical, environmental and mental well-being of Georgia's most important resource -- her people. In striving to achieve this end, public health work, in 70 years, has evolved from one man with a microscope in the basement of the .state Capitol to a diversified team of hundreds of employees attacking virtually every phase of mental, physical, and environmental problems which are a detriment to the health of the citizens of this state. The health needs of the people were recognized early in 1875, at which time a Board of Health was established by the General Assembly. However, this Board existed for only two years and remained unreplaced until 1903, at which time a continuous state health program was initiated to supervise all matter s relating to the pre servation of the life and health of the people. Once organized, the State's health activities expanded, taking up the various responsibilities for health needs as they became recognized and as crises developed. In 1914 the Ellis Health Law established a local board of health in each county. By the 1920's the health department's responsibilities has grown from the area of disease prevention and control to the collection of vital statistics, provision of health facilities, training of the mentally defective, and the establishment of a sanitary engineering program. The growing list of responsibilities of the health services presently encompasses such other programs as medical care under Medicaid, civil defense and emergency health services, radiological health services, cancer control and air pollution. These responsibilities have been placed within the state agencies providing health services throughout Georgia to implement the health goals established in the laws of the state. These goals may be generalized by the following; with a more precise listing in Appendix A: -13- ':' to safeguard and promote the health of the state. ':' to provid-e programs_. re search, inve stigation, and dis semination of information concerning the reduction and control of diseases, disorders, and disabilities. ':' to provide for programs, facilities, manpower, and training in the areas of mental health, cancer, tuberculosis, veneral diseases, alcoholism, and others. ':' to conduct programs relating to industrial hygiene; occupational health; sanitary engineering; water and air pollution control; water quality, planning and development of water resources; the control of ionizing and radiation; food service sanitation; and tourist services sanitation. ':' to provide for prope r and sufficient health facili tie s. ':' to provide complete and comprehensive vital statistics records. ':' to provide for civil defense and emergency health services. ':' to establish a medical assistance program for individuals, who are recipients of as si stance under Title s I, IV X, XIV XVI of the Federal Social Security Act, and who are under 21 years old or are dependent children under the state plan under Title IV. The present Department of Public Health under the direction and control of the Board of Health, was organized by Act 936, Georgia Laws 1964. In the concise wore s of the act, "The Department is created and established to safeguard and promote the health of the people of this State, and is hereby empowered to employ all legal means appropriate to that end." The service s rendered by the Department of Public Health are so many and so varied that reference to the organization chart, Page 20 IS necessary for a clear understanding of its areas of work. There are also local health services in each -14- of Georgia's 159 counties. State health services provide for the operation of Battey State Tuberculosis Hospital at Rome and statewide TB control services, Central State Hospital, Gracewood State School and Hospital, the Georgian and Chatham Clinics for Alcoholic Rehabilitation, Southwestern State Hospital, Georgia Mental Health Institute, Georgia Retardation Center, the Regional Mental Hospitals, the Statewide Community Mental Health Program, the program of construction of hospitals and health centers under the Medical Facilities Act, the licensure of all hospitals (including homes) and the certification for Medicare and Medicaid, the recording of births and deaths by the Vital Records Services, the work in sanitation and air pollution control, the programs in maternal and child health and crippled children's services, the control of comnlunicable and other disease, the provision of statewide general public health laboratory services in the diagnosis and treatment of disease, and the promotion of dental health. Although administratively located within the Department of Health, programs for water pollution control and water quality are the responsibility of the Water Quality Control Board. An elaboration of som.e of the current programs being carried on throughout the State in the area of health are as follows: Emergency Health Service - State emergency plans adopted so far include the Emergency Health Service Plan, emergency management of medical resources, water resources, and the radiological defense plan. Most of the counties and cities have prepared plans in support of the state plan. Home Health Service Unit - This unit was created to develop and organize home health care programs and establish home health agencies capable of being certified as providers of services under the Health Insurance Program for the Aged. Biostatistics Service - provides statistical service to the branches and divisions of the department, and to prepare and distribute annual statistical publications. -15- Vital Records Service - registers and processes records of birth, deaths, fetal deaths, adoptions and legitimations, marriages, annulments, divorces; _and delayed certificates of birth. Epidemiologic Inve stigations Branch of the Di vi sion of Epidemiology collects and correlate s information relating to the occurance of infectious and non-infectious disease in the population of the state. The Laboratory Branch - in addition to providing a large volume of diagnostic services, reference services, and conducting applied research, it is in preparation of assuming responsibility for the certification of independent laboratories under "Medicare. 11 The Branch of Certification and Licensure - is in the Divi sion of Medical Care Administration and is responsible for the certification and licensure of hospitals, laboratories, nursing homes and horne health agencie s for participation in the medicare and medicaid programs. Alcoholic Rehabilitation Service - This program is comprised of four major phases - treatment and rehabilitation, training, education, and research, and is promoting the development of community clinics and programs. Georgia Mental Health Institute - The institute has a threefold mission -- teaching, research and patient treatment. The General Engineering - Sanitation Service - is responsible for insuring that adequate sanitation is maintained in the state. The Industrial Hygiene Service - Works to safeguard the health of employees in industries in Georgia by conducting on-site inspections and laboratory tests to determine potentially harmful environmental conditions. -16- Radiological Health Service - is charged with the responsibility for planning, conducting and coordinating a state -wide program for the evaluation and control of radiation hazards. Activities are centered in three major areas of interest: X-r ay equipment control, radioactive material management, and environm".ntal surveillance. Maternal and Child Health Service - created to protect and promote the health of mothers and children, provides services in local health departments in all of Georgia's countie s. The maternal programs emphasize prenatal, birth and post-partum care, family planning, and cervical cancer detection. In addition to the State Board of Health, other agencies are directly involved with the health of the people of the state. These agencies include: The Food Service Advisory Council - The functions of the Council is to advi se the State Board of Health relative to rule s and regulations to be adopted and promulgated by the State Board of Health for food service establishments. The Hospital Advisory Council - The Hospital Advisory Council is responsible for advising the Department of Health relative to policies, procedures, rules, regulations and standards adopted and promulgated by the Department of Health. The function of the Council is to serve as an effective and useful re source in the improvement of patent care in community medical facilitie s throughout the State by review, study and consideration of any matters pertaining to the policies, procedures, rules, regulations, and standards regarding programs within the scope of advisory council activities. -17- The Radiation Control Council - Thi s Coune il reports to the State Board of Health on matters pertaining to ionizing radiation and standards, rules, and reguldtions to be adopted, modified, promulgated or repeated. The Board acts on the advice of the Council. The State Water Quality Control Board - This Board was created to insure that the water resources of the State are utilized prudently to the maximum benefit of the people in order to restore and maintain a reasonable degree of purity in the waters, and to prevent and control the pollution of the waters of the state. Others include the State Board of Eugenics - created in 1937, The State Hospital Authority - created in 1939, the Georgia State Board of Nursing Homes - created in 1968, Georgia Interdepartmental Council on the Handicapped created in 1968, and the Advisory Council for Comprehensive Health Planning - created in 1967. Although these activities cover a broad area, there are additional problems of concern; such as mental health facilities and personnel shortages in nurses, doctors, and dentists, and shortages in hospital beds and facilities, which demand new technique s and solutions for implementation. For the se needs there are activities being directed toward the continuous planning and development of programs to meet the needs as they arise and to provide for comprehensive planned and coordinated health efforts and facilities throughout the State. In the area of intra-departmental concern for planned progress, formal efforts result in an approved annual program plan for each of some thirty organizationally identified program "Services", institutions, and 159 local Health Deparbnents. Coordination of intra-departmental planning is the responsibility of a Planning Unit in the Office of the Director. -18- The Georgia Department of Public Health was designated as the official comprehensive' heal th planning agency for the State. The objectives of Comprehensive Health Planning are: To identify health problems and needs. To set and periodically revise goals and objectives toward which governmental and non-governmental health and related agencies and groups can strive cooperatively. ':~ To promote the effective utilization of resources. ':~ To develop and expand resources where needed. ':~ To assure that current and future health manpower services and facilities, for prevention of disease and injury, and for health care, will be coordinated with one another, and with those of welfare, education, vocational rehabilitation, and other activi tie s that affect environmental, physical, and mental health. Even though great efforts are being made and progress is being achieved there still exist the sick, the disabled, the mentally ill, and the conditions which contribute to ill-health which must continually be combatted in order to promote the health and well- being of all the people of Georgia. Emphasis currently being placed on more effective means of "delivery of health services", through new technique s of case -finding, referral to service s, and follow-up. The Health Department recognize s that areas of poverty and low income need new and innovative methods of delivering health resources; and renewed program efforts are being directed to combat these problems. -19- DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC HEALTH John H. Venable, M. D., Director Thomas F. Sellers, Sr., M. D., Director Emeritus Elton S. Osborne, Jr., ~1. D., Deputy Director ORGANIZATION OflMI GEORGIA DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC HEALTH DIRECTOR'S OFFICE Executive Assistant John D. Humphrey. Emergency Health Services O. Lyndon Beall Hearing Examiner Vacant Chief Coordinator of Nursing Services Dowthy L. Barfield, R. N. Office of Local Health Warren A. Rasmussen, M. D., Director Office of Comprehensive Health Planning Eugene Gillespie. t\.l D., Director Office of Administration Frank C. Smith, Director Fisoa1 Resources Officer Rufus F. Davis Accounting Service Eva Mae McDanid, Director Biostatistics Service F. C. Smith. Acting Director General Staff Service P. Herschel Speer, Director Health Education and Training Service Thomas F. Gibson. Director Personnel Service A. Faegin Parrish, Director I Vital Records Service N o I M. Glenn Fox, Director Oata Processing Section Jame. R. Woodward, Chief Patient Accounts Section w. L. Power, Chief I GOVERNOR I I 1 -WATER QUAlITy*) CONTROL BOARD i I **' DIRECTOR (;EOR(;IA DE~ARlMENr Of ~U811( HEALTH DEPUTY DIRECTOR -------------------------------------------r-~~:':T1r_-=__n'T""""=~-, I I " I DIVISION MEDICAL (ARE ADMINISTRATION I I I DIVISION IEPIDEM~~LOGy i I DIVISION IPHYSIC~; HEAl Tf-< i I 1 .u,,, BRANCH TRAINING ANOREHAICH 1I0SPIIAl SERVICES ",...., M"''''I1"""""'" TATlONSERYICE Il1EOIlGlAMENTAl HOSPIUl, HOSI'IT41 (;AA(E\\OOIlSTATE If.AlTHlNSnTUTE SOiOCll.&ItO'>PITAL GfatGIA IIfTAR OATIONCfNTU SOO!INlfSIfRfj ST,t,IfHOSf'lTAl Ilf~LSTATE H05I'lTAlS ""l 8UNCH COMMUNITY SERVICES OMMUNITY MENTAL '*AlTHAN(lRETAR DATON')ERVl(fS r BRANCH MEDICAL ASSISTANCE - _ SO.V_IU, CRIPPIEO(H1l0RH(S MfDlfAlD 1 SR~~CH IIEAlTlifACllITIES nANNING ANP (ONSHU(lION PIANNIN(;ANO [QNSTRIJCTlON '>EMES 1 SUNCH CEtllflCATION AND LICENSURE CClfjSIJLTAT1QN CERTIfICATION ANPlICEN'>IJRE SEilVI(fS I SRAN(K BUNCH BRANCH 8UNO, I rb~ I:~IPEMIOIOGIC I~VESTIGATIi:iN'i lA80RATORIES AIROUALITY CONTROL IItAlTIi CON'ifRVATION DEN!AlHEAlTH NVIRONMENTA HEALTH SP[[,AlIl!:AlTH HRVICES -SIR-vlC-E BIOlOOlCSTOOIES SlCTlON DISUSEAHO ~SAlIIU1l' 'illll1ESSE{lDj I'UEILICtV,t1l1 'o'fllR1N,t,n SECTION S-ERV- IU TECHNI(AI PRlX;RAM UNTRAl ANO Rl'GlO~l LABOAAT(JllES TECKtJ,lSIMf -HR-VIC-! AIRPOlLUIlON CONTROl A.lRQUAlI1l' E~ALUAlION - -S!-RV_,U. MAmNAlf/EAlI~ ClIlWHHlTH 'ifRVI(f DfNTAl--II,,"!"(",m'l pt'B'-'( HEALTH (:)~,ROl BAr:,f ST~ HO'i/'ITAl L..-..-...J L..-..-...J L..-..-...J L..-..-...J L..-..-...J L..-..-...J ~~~ G!,*~Al EIjjN!t''1C> SANOlA;'"," HOJSING ~'G'[~f ANP ACClD,~' Pl/EVfNT'OI'I tOJSTJlWH'GIENE AR~'C'~S-CULA. [lISiA,(CONTROl ;~RClOjI( D',EA:;f MoD GfRIATRlG OCCUP,t,TlONAL IIEAt TIiSUlS SECTION WlQ~l ~ VOCONT!1OL {ANCf.CONTROl WArE. SICflO/'j Child Hf:ahh'if:rvicf: Hf:nry C. Palrnf:r, Jr .. .\1.D., )Jlff:(\(,r Hran(:h of Air ()UaJlt~ ContrfJI '\\illiam .,\. flan.v:J1 [Jlrf;(\(Jr Air Pollutl(JO C(lntr(,,) :""rviu Rudolph P. Lf"wii:, Virf:clor Air ()uality E\aluaticJO ~f:'f\-iv Robert H. Collom. Uirector -Branch of Special Health Services H.K. Sessions, M:.D., Acting Uirector Cancer Control Service H.K. Sessions, \1.D., Acting Director Cardiovascular Disease Control Service J .A. Wilbee: \1.D., Dicector Chronic D,iseil8e and Geriatri~ Sf"rvice A.H. Robin."'on. \J.D .. Director Occupational Health :::f:>rnce II.K. ;;;es."jon:,. '\I.D.. ActIng DrrfC'(lor Statr> F:rnpluYf'f:~ !Ipalth .~f'r.ICi-' :3f:ctwn -\nea\'8Jrl \ick()ren. \I.D .. [)in:ctor \fC't\f:r~al [h"i-'aH. Control 'ectivn c..:. Buchanan. Uire('tor Juberculu<;;", C0ntrol Branch ftF. Corpe. \!D .. Dir{ct0r Battey ,"'tak Hu,:,pital R.t". CorrJf' \I.V .. -'uppnnknr-J.. nt ruber('ulo~i:, Contr01 .'er-Fe Ld\\-'ard T. l nJi-'ll. \I.D .. LJirf'etor DIHSIO\ OF 'IEDIC\L CARE AmU\loTR_\T1( w.~. Dorough. \I.D.. Director Branch of Health Facilitiei< Planning and Conl'.trucb( James.\1. ~ittoll. Director Branch of Ct'rtlfi,ation and Llf'l"n:"ur.' 1.\ .~. nor(lu~h. \J.D.\ding DJrt"ctur DIVISION OF MENTAL HEALTH Addison M. Duval, M. D., Director Training and Ref;earch Branch Addison \1 Duval, M. D., Acting Director Georgia Retardation Center James D. Clements, M. D., Superintendent Georgia Mental Health Institute Jesse F. Casey, M. D., Director Hospital Services Branch Charles K. Bush, M. D., Director Gracewood State School and Hoepita) Norman B. Pursley, M. D., Superintendent Central State Hospital James B. Craig, M. D., Superintendent Southwestern State Hospital Manson B. Pettit, M. D., Superintendent Georgia Regional Hospital at Atlanta Lawson H. Bowling, 1\1 D., Superintendent Georgia Regional Hospital at Augusta [verett C. Kuglar, :\1 D., Superintend(~nt Community Services Branch I. M. Ermutlu, M. V., Director lOCAlllEAlTHOISU1CTS *. '''ll (OO'D'''f~' 0' .utl'", II"'''' [,'" Oil"" "I",. '!'''''l .,,,, " .. '." LOCAL HEALTH OHARfMENTS ,"IL" '.'O,,,T,,. C""". "''''0'''''. " ,," '",' *** .,,,T' lOu""O. SEl~~:'~~ :~'T~":;~::\l~~o.";:;~:~\'.~;:~:~: I"" t ,..'.,., ""0.." "'.. "'0'0\ DIVISION OF EPIDEMIOLOGY Elton S. Osborne, Jr., ~1. D., Acting Director Epidemiologic Investigations Branch J. E. McCroan, Ph. D., Director Diseases and Disability Studies Section Public Health Veterinary Section David W. Dreesen, D.V.M., Director Laboratories Branch F.E. Long, Director Staff Servic{'s C.W. Gatf!;', [)ircnor Diagnostic Sl'rvices Alice Brim, Director Albany Re~ional Laboratory 1\1acon Regional Laboratory H.E. Ewing, Ph.D., Director Waycross Regional Laboratory G.T. Knowles, Jr., Director DIVISION OF PHYSICAL HEALTH Elton S. Osborne, Jr., Acting Director Senior Coordinator of Nursing Services KRthf'rinl' L. Akin. R.N. Branch of DcntClI f!f'alth William T. Johnson, D.D.S .. Ilirf'C'tor Dental Puillie Hf~alth Sen-ict' .f Y. Lf"wis, D.D.S., Director Branch of- Ellvironmentaillealth R.j. Bo:-ton, Director Environmental Sanitation St"n-'ice W. Scott Sprinkle, Director Housing Hygiene and Accident Prevention Service R.J. Boston, Acting Director Industrial Hygiene Service B.L. Parker, Director Radiological Health Sen.-icf' Richard H. F'etz, Director Water Supply Sfrvicf' Robert H. Byers, Din'etor Branch of H('alth [oTlfltTvation \l.F. Rrackt'll, '1.D.. Din'('tor :\laternal IIf'alth St'n-'ic(' A.K. SdHwnbuchn, ~1.J).. Din'elm SlA l ;)'7.loo i:lranch of \It'dl!. dl -\:,:...;,i~tan(f' Dixon .-\.. Larkt-~. Jr.. '\J.[l .. Direr tor Crippled Children" "fr.'ice Dixon .-\. Ldd'ly . .Jr.. \I.D.. -\I.tino;: Dirl'ctL'r -'Inlicaid .:'f'f\-'ict' DIXon .-\.. Lackt"\'. Jr .. \1.0.. -\ctin~ Di.rt--chlr 11I\ISIll\ UE \\ HER ,)r \un "l\TW"L R.:O:. (Rod,) Ht1 .... ard . .Jr.. FVt WHliom A. Dickson. M.D. John D. Morshall, R.Ph. Richard H Smoot M,D P. K. Di:xon, M.D. Eorl T. McGhee, M.D. A. C. Tvck, DDS . "Unless an individual is free to obtain the fullest education with which his society can provide him, he is being injured by society." W. H. Auden, I Believe EDUCATION Chapter IV Education is one of Georgia's ITlOSt iITlportant endeavors because the quality of her final proriucts will determ.iYle the future Gf th,. State a.nd r '1' ;JRople. It is only through the education of her hUITlan resources that thf: ITl<:t.ximuITl benefi ts ITlay be achieved. All levels of education, pre-school, eleITlentary, secondary, higher and adult, are equally iITlportant. Each deITlands and deserves the best w:: th respect to teachers and facilities in order to provide educational opportunity on an equal basis for all Georgia citizens. All who participate in the prograITls of education ITlust carryon a continuing prograITl of evaluation so that education can change to ITleet the needs of society. Such a prograITl of evaluation should involve not only professional educators but also ITleITlbers of the cOITlITlunity at large. EleITlentary, secondary, and post-secondary education ITlust be ITlade available, not only to the average individual but also to the exceptional student. so that each ITlay aSSUITle a responsible role in society. Georgia has recognized this need and has ITlade noteworthy strides in this direction. The deITlands for higher education are increasing and all indicatiols suggest a continuation of this trend. Efforts ITlust be ITlade now to cope ,:/1, the future increased deITlands for higher education and educational services. To better ITleet the deITlands for education, the following goals have been established in the laws of the state, with a ITlore precise listing given in Appendix B. ':< to provide adequate and equal educational opportunity for the citizens of Georgia, including children, youth and adults. ':< to e stabli sh and ITlaintain ace redi ted public schools. ':' to develop a plan for the operation of public schools on a year round basis. ':' to provide for the education of the adults and pre -sc hool children -22- and exceptional school children. ':' to provide for the education of children, youth and adults who are under the custody and control of other departments and agencies. ':' to provide educational and training services for the severely mentally retarded. ':' to plan, develop, and administer a program of vocational education and teacher training for vocational education. ,~ to inaugurate a student honor program. ':' to provide educational programs through educational television. ':' to provide economical and efficient pupil transportation program. ':' to promote the establishment and development of library services. ':' to establish and maintain adequate planning, research, and experimentation programs. ':' to provide guaranteed student loans for education beyond the twelfth grade. ~" to grant scholarships in the paramedical, professional, and educational field of study. ':' to attract, hold, and fully utilize competent professional personnel. ':' to improve the qualifications and technical skills of profe s simal personnel. ':' to provide for a University System of Georgia to offer higher education. PUBLIC EDUCATION Elementary and secondary education had its formal beginning in the oneroom school house in which the schoolmaster taught students,of all ages -23- and abilities the 'three R's' with little or no consideration for the special a,bilities or specific needs of the individual student. Since this crude beginning, dramatic changes have come about partially as the result of an expanding economy and partly because economic pressures demanded change in education to meet the needs of the increasingly complex society. Educational changes have taken place at an ever increasing pace, with the greate st change being made wi thin the last decade. It has been estimated that man's accumulative knowledge in 1900 had doubled by 1950, doubled again by 1960, and is expected to continue to double every ten years. As a result of industrialization, the teaching of the "three R's" has given way to a broader spe drum of subject matter which enable s educational institutions to turn out better educated students who are better equipped to meet the complex challenges presented by today' s society. Education is the one vehicle capable of transversing the endless sea of change. However, if we are to maintain our pace with other states, it is essential that the ,state continually appraise its pre sent pos ition. The pr imary objective of education is to promote the development of hLlman resources to the extent that every individual may become a productive participant of our society. Georgia has made tremendous strides in education in recent years. The State &chool Fuilding Authority, the Educational Television Network, the development of the area vocational-technical schools and comprehensive vocational high schools and the Minimum Foundation Program for education are but a few. The efforts in public elementary and secondary education during recent years has made progress in upgrading Georgia's education. Yet, much remains to be done before Georgia's educators and citizens will be able to express complete satisfaction. -24- In 1966, the Georgia Department of Education listed the following: needs for improving education in Georgia: ':< A minimum salary for beginning teachers of $5,200 ,;< A pupil teacher ratio of 20 to 1 in the 1 st and 2nd grade s ':< Financing to provide consumable instructional ITlaterials and supplies for the public schools ,;< Improvements in teacher education and certification ':< Provision of instructional services across county lines ,;< Dri ver education instruction ':< More exploratory and orientation opportuni tie s for upper elementary and early high school students. ,;< More high school vocational education programs in the lesser skilled areas. ':< Eleven month salaries for high school principals. ':< A state -wide kindergarten program ,;< Utilization of school facilities during summer mcnths ,;< Efficient and economical operation of the educational program ':< Minimum standards for elementary and high schools ':< Financing the school building program on a current basis. Some of these needs have been accomplished while others have only been partially fulfilled, and still others remain only hope s of the future. Changes such as these must be anticipated before they are needed, so they may be implemented when the demand arises. Education must always keep pace with social and technical changes. -25- To implement the various educational requirements of the State, public educatioi-l is supervized by the:State Board of Education, the State Superintendent of Schools. and the Georgia Department of Education (See Organizational Chart P. -.!-) and carried out through the public school systems. The responsibility for administering the education program at the local level is vested by the Consititution of Georgia in 159 county school systems and 35 independent city systems. The effectiveness of each of these districts to provide for the full range of educational opportunities is governed by the interest and the financial support of the citizens of each district and by the number of children attending school in that system. Since Georgia has many school systems which are too small to be economically viable, study needs to be given to the reorganization of the school districts in the State into larger units. HIGHER EDUCA TION Although Georgia was the last of the original thirteen States to provide for a common public school system, it was the first state in the United States to receive a charter for college level instruction at the University of Georgia in 1789. Georgia still has much to accompli sh in the field of higher education. In 1963 The Governors I Commission To Improve Education conducted a study of Georgia 1 s educational needs and made the following conclusions and recommendations: The proportion of college-age Georgians attending college is about one -half that for the nation (21. 7% for Georgia and 39.2% for the nation). Georgia, in 1960, had 2.2% of the nation's pq:mlation, but only 1% of the nation's reservoir of scientifically and technically trained manpower at the higher levels, who are needed most critically for _?f... the economic. educationdl, and social advancement of the state. Adult education programs of many types are needed, ranging from basic literacy education to post-graduate refresher courses for highly skilled personnel. The Commission recommends the rapid development of such programs by both the Board of Education and the Board of Regents. All institutions of higher education should accept responsibility for providing adult education services to the people within their commuting areas. Steps should be taken to financially coordinate and underwrite adult education program planning and devel~ment at the state level. so that no institution is dependent solely on its own resources. Every effort should be made to improve utilization of facilities by extending the schedule day into the late afternoms, evenings and Saturdays, and to encourage the four-quarter year. Vast and extensive facilities cannot stand idle during such periods purely for convenience. The Commission recommended broad objectives for education beyond high school as follows: "All sound measures possible must be taken to increase the opportunities for education beyond high school for the youth and adults of Georgia, so that their life-opportunities will be comparable to those of citizens in other states, and so that the needs of agriculture, commerce, industry, government. and other aspects of the life of this State can be met." -27- To accomplish Georgia's needs in higher education a system of education has been established offering two year junior colleges, a variety of four year bachelor degree colleges, and several universities offering Masters and Doctorial degrees under the supervision of the Board of Regents. The following institutions carry out the variety of specialized and general higher education programs of the state: University of Georgia; Georgia Institute of Technology; Medical College of Georgia; Georgia State College; Women's College of Georgia; Georgia Southern College; Valdosta State College; Albany State College; Fort Valley State College; Savannah State College; Georgia Southwestern College and Augusta College. The Junior Colleges include: Brunswick Junior College; Middle Georgia College; Columbus College; South Georgia College; Armstrong State College; Abraham Baldwin Agricultural College; Dalton Junior College; Gaine sville Junior College and Kennesaw Junior College. SPECIAL EDUCA TIONAL AREAS Special educational areas for the purpose of the report shall include education for exceptional children, vocational education and vocaticnal rehabilitation. Education for exceptional children Education for exceptional children as defined by House Bill No. 453 enacted by the General Assembly of Georgia on Marc 7, 1968, states: 11 Exceptional Children are those who have emotional, physical communicative, andlor intelle ctual deviations to the degree that there is interference with school achievementor adjustment, or prevention of full academic attainment, and who require modifications -28- or alterations in their educational programs. This clefinitirn includes children who are mentally retarded, physically handicapped, speech handicapped, multiple handicapped, autistic, intellectually gifted, hearing impaired, visually impaired, and any other areas of exceptionality which may be identified." This bill will undoubtedly be the greatest achievement to date in the field of special education in Georgia. It provide s that the school board of any school di strict which maintains a recognized public school shall e stabli sh and maintain special educational facilities, for the employment of professional workers. and for implementation by the State Board ci Education on a si:at~wide basis. Additionally, the bill provides for the appointment of an Advisory Council for Exceptional Children and for the establishment of local Committees for Exceptional Children. The bill also requires that this program be fully implemented within eight years. Prior to the passage of HB 453, progress had begun in Georgia in the field of education for exceptional children. Recognizing the need for services for children who could not profit from instruction in the regular classrooms of Georgia's public schools, the Georgia Department of Education initiated the Program for Exceptional Children in September 1951. During the first year, the program consisted of one state coordinator and 21 units (teachers) in 13 school systems serving 745 children in programs for the speech impaired, hospital/homebound, and multi-handicapped. By the school year 1967-68, 131 school systems had 1125 units serving over 30,000 children in program for the mentally retarded (educable and trainable). speech impaired, visually impaired, deaf and hard-of -hearing, emotionally disturbed, hospital/homebound, and multi-handicapped. By 1967-68 there were also 12 professional staff members at the State level. Additionally, the Program for Exceptional Children provided psycho -educatirnal evaluations of -29- exceptional children through the services of staff personnel and through the use of limi ted funds to purchase se rvice s of pri vate psychologi sts. The Board of Education has for some time maintained d fully accredited Academy for the Blind in Macon and a School for the Deaf in Cave Spring which is also fully accredited. Neither is a custodial institution and both are entirely free to eligible children. Another side of education for the exceptional is education for the gifted child, who exhibits superior mental ability or unusual abilities in one or more of the artistic areas and frequently requires special programming. Because special education for the gifted is frequently experimental in nature, it may improve the general educational programs provided and assist in the discovery of additional gifted individuals. To recognize gifted students, Georgia's Minimum Foundation Program of Education Act, in January 1964, authorized the State Board of Education to inaugurate a student honors program for pupils in the public secondary schools of this State who have manifested exceptional abilitie s, unique potentials, or who have made exceptional academic achievement. As a result of this law, a summer residential program was established in 1964 for Georgia's talented and gifted students; known as the"Governor' s Honors Program", which provide s enriching and challenging educational opportunities not usually available during the regular school year. The program attempts to discover, develop, re search and demonstrate instructional methods and materials which can be used by local school officials to provide appropriate educational experiences for gifted and talented students at the local level. In the area of the gifted there remains much to be done before it can be said that the needs of gifted children and youth in the State are being met. -30- The Governor's Honors Program is only a beginning. It must be remembered that this is a summer residential program far only 400 upcaning eleventh and twelfth grade students. Only one of eight nominees far the 1968 program was accepted. At the present time no State funds have been allocated for an ongoing special program for the gifted in Georgia's public schools. Working closely with the Program for Exceptional Children, Vocaticnal Rehabilitation provides pre -vocational experience s as a part of the on-going cooperative public school program for the educable mentally retarded. Vocational Education Vocational education is probably the oldest form of education known to man, having its beginning as family trades were passed from father to son. Georgia's vocational education program is designed to educate its people for employment, and at the same time give them related courses that will prepare them for re sponsible citizenship. Much of vocational education is operated through two major prqsrams: the area vocational high school program and the post- secondary area vocationaltechnical school program. At present, there are 23 area vocaticnal-technical schools in the state of Georgia which offer training in over 50 different technical, skill, clerical, health, distributive, home economics, and agricultural occupational areas. There are 16 area vocational high schools currently in operation. These schools have been established as part of a regular high school that has at least 1, 000 or more students enrolled and at least six vocational -31- offerings. Chax.ts showing the location of facilities and the programs appear in Appendix B. In addition to the 23 area vocational-technical schools, the Vocational Education Division operates two post-secondary technical and vocational schools, one in Clarkesville and the other in Americus. Both schools are operated through the Area School Program in the Division of Vocational Education of the Georgia Department of Education. In addition to the Area School Program at the secondary and postsecondary levels, the Division of Vocational Education offer s vocational cour se s through five different service areas. The se include: agriculture, home economics, trade and industrial education, business educaticn, and distributive education. All of these programs receive federal funds. HomeEconomics services offers courses at the secondary, post-.secondary, and adult levels for future homemakers and for courses in occupational home economics. Agriculture education offers courses at the secondary, post-secondary, and adult levels in on-farm agriculture programs as well as training for agricultural related occupations. Trade and industrial education offers courses at the secondary, postsecondary, and adult levels in the skill trades. Business education offers at the secondary, post-secondary, and adult levels training in the area of office occupations. -32- Distributive education offers training at the secondary, postsecondary, and adult levels in the areas of marketing. distribution, and sale s occupations. The five trade services in vocational education offer training throogh what is referred to as a co-op program which provides effective job training for high school students whose formal education ends with graduation. It is a plan for training juniors and seniors of employable age in a variety of occupations by utilizing the private business and industry establishments of the local community as training agencies, thereby enabling the school to actually use the community as a teaching lab. Programs of special needs are being established by all the vocational service areas for those individuals who cannot benefit from existing vocational education programs, including a program of prevocational education that is provided middle grade high school students .through the industrial arts program. Vocational Rehabilitation The Georgia Department of Education's Office of Rehabilitation Services is responsible for the provision of rehabilitation services to restore disabled individuals to their maximum physical, vocational, social, and economic usefulness. The programs of 'vocational rehabilitation are a public service provided by the Federal and State Governments and have as their primary purpose 'to furnish necessary rehabilitaticn services in an effort to aid disabled Georgians to achieve their optimum employment potential. Vocational r.-ehabilitation services are available to all persons regardless of race, color, creed, or national origin, who have a substantial physical or mental job handicap which can be corrected or reduced to a level insuring -3~_ the individual a reasonable expectancy of employment. Medical examinations to determine eligibility, vocational counseling and tuition for training are provided for applicants without regard to their economic circumstances. But for persons applying for medical and/or surgical treatment, hospitalization, artificial appliances, tools or equipment, books and supplies, and transportation and maintenance while in training, economic need must be established. The following services are provided: Comprehensive evaluation, including medica I and ps ychologica I diagnosis to determine the extent of the applicant's disability; Evaluation and appraisal to determine the client's vocational potential; Physical restoration, supplying medical, surgical, psychiatric and hospital care as well as physical, occupational, speech and work therapy to reduce or remove the disability; Prosthetic appliances, such as braces, limbs, hearing aids and other devices to compensate for physical limitations and increase functional ability; Counsel and guidance in achieving vocational adjustment and attaining the rightj:>b objective; Training in colleges, vocationaltechnical schools, tutorial or correspondence in preparation for the right job; Services in comprehensive or specialized rehabilitation facilities and adjustment centers; Maintenance and transportation as appropriate or necessary during rehabilitation; Tools, equipment, and licenses, if needed, for work on a job or in establishing a small business; Placement in a suitable JOD, and follow-up to make sure the client is safely and satisfactorily employed. During the first few years of vocational rehabilitation, the major program emphasis centered around training services which were aimed primarily at disabled beterans of World War 1. As the program progressed, other areas of disabilities were added to broaden the program, and more and more handicapped persons became eligible for services. During recent years, - 34- legislation has created many specialized programs that deal with specific disabiliti.es that have greatly broadened the scope of the vocational rehabilitation program. These new programs have shown increased emphasis into the areas of physical re storation, emotional disorders. mental retardation, public offenders. the socially and culturally deprived, and the severely disabled. The Georgia Office of Rehabilitation Services increased its services for the emotionally ill by opening the Comprehensive Yarbrough Rehabilitation Center at Central State Hospital; by establishing Rehabilitation Residence in Savannah, Augusta. Albany. Columbus, and Atlanta where two residences are available; by operating a Vocational Rehabilitation Office at the Georgia Industrial Institute. and Southwestern State Hospital with plans to open Vocational Rehabilitation offices in all of the regional mental health ins ti tute s. The Program for the Mentally Retarded has greatly increased its services through a cooperative agreement with the Program for Exceptional Children in 41 of the State's 193 public school systems. This program also established a cooperative program at Gracewood State School and Hospital and provides specialized services to both clients living on the campus as well as out-patients. A Rehabilitation Residence for the Mentally Retarded furnishe s a home -like environment for clients during the transiticnal pericrl in which they seek participation and employment in metro areas where job opportunities are more readily available. The Office of Rehabilitation Services also operates two pre-vocaticnal centers for the Mentally Retarded (one in Savannah and one in Macon) of high school age and plans to establish similc;l.r centers in each congres sional district. New emphasis has been placed on the vocational rehabilitation of young public offenders at the Educational, Evaluation, Training Center at Alto, -35- Georgia. The comprehensive center provides specialized services for young public offenders in an effort to enable them to adequately enter into normal community activities upon release. A field service program is incorporated into the total rehabilitation approach to the young public offender and offers clients assistance in adjusting to community living and finding employment upon returning to their home towns. The Atlanta Counseling Center which offers a home -like environment and informal setting for newly released inmates while they are readjusting to community living has recently begun operation. Research programs for the adult offender are being conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of Vocational Rehabilitation services to Federal offenders at specific stages in the correctional process. The severly disabled individual, until recent years, has been gravely overlooked as to his - employment potential. The Georgia Rehabilitation Center at Warm Springs was designed to offer this segment of the handicapped population an opportunity to be trained and placed in suitable employment. The center has achieved excellent results with severly impaired persons and due to increased numbers seeking service s, it must place many applicants on a waiting list prior to their entering the center for services. Many of the severly disabled are, now for the first time in their lives, able to function adequately in the performance of their jobs. The socially and culturally deprived, unemployed, under-employed, and economically needy youths and adults between 16 and 65 years of age are being served through the Atlanta Employment Evaluation and Service Center. This center provides an innovative approach to a large segment -36- of the metropolitan Atlanta area population. Initiated as a research project to improve the effectiveness of dealing with the hard core unemployed for training and placement in suitable jobs. the project has now become a regular part of the rehabilitation program. Many individuals with no hope of employment are now working satisfactory in jobs within their work level as well as their academic level. The Social Security Law designates the Rehabilitation Services Administration to be the Federal Agency to make social security disability determinations, and in Georgia, the Office of Rehabilitation Services has been designated responsibility for conducting this program. Many specialized programs are conducted for Social Security applicants and beneficiaries. These include: the Atlanta Referral and Placement Project and the Social Security Beneficiary Rehabilitation Program. The Referral Project explains to individuals who apply for disability benefits that even though disabled, they may possess the necessary abilities to continue on in a working capacity or be retrained in a new field. The Social Security Beneficiary Rehabilitation Program, financed by Social Security Trust Funds, is designed to provide rehabilitation services to selected social security beneficiaries. The program is demonstrating that sizable savings are resulting in benefits that would normally be paid from the trust funds. The Georgia Office of Rehabilitation Service s also provide s comprehensive services to disabled persons through the following programs: Program for the Blind; Busine s s Enterprise Program which supervise s the ope ration of vending stands throughout the State that are operated by blind per sons; the Selective Service Rejectee Project which offers young men who are unqualified for service in the armed force s because of physical or mental reasons an opportunity to receive rehabilitation services; rehabilitaticn services for the alcoholics through a cooperative program with the Georgian Clinic as well as through the Emory University Rehabilitation Project for Alcoholics; hospital programs where specialized projects are conducted -37- to improve the quality of services to the disabled; and services for the deaf and hard of hearing are provided at the Evaluation & Work Orientation Center for the Deaf. Guidance, training. and placement is furnished for not only improvement of professional staff members, but as a service to clients requiring training or for other specialized req uirements. A basic need throughout Georgia has been the lack of adequate facilities and workshops. The Georgia Office of Rehabilitation Services through its Facilities and Workshops Unit is now working with private agencies in financing the cost of development and operation of facilities in strategic areas throughout Georgia. Georgia has recently completed its report on II Comprehensive Statewide Planning for Vocational Rehabilitation Services. II This report is a comprehensive and detailed survey of the future needs of di sabled Geor gians. The purpose of Georgia I s project for statewide planning for v,ocational r.ehabilitation services was to plan for the development of a ccrnprehensive vocational rehabilitation program in the State including the orderly development of services and resources, both public and private of a nonprofit nature, so that by July 1, 1975 or sooner. vocational rehabilitation services would be available to all handicapped individuals within the State. The scope of the responsibility of the planning project was quite broad. It included a study of service s not only provided by the Office of Rehabilitation Services, but also provided by other governmental agencies at the local, state. and national level. and the service s made available through private non-profit organizations. The ultimate goal of rehabilitation is to provide all necessary services to the disabled individual as early as possible after he has become disabled in an effort to assist him in obtaining as complete a recovery as possible. -38- EDUCA TION PLANNING Education is an investment that requires many years to "show its returns. II Education takes time. States which are reaping an educational harvest today in the form of industrial expansion and social and cultural progress are the states which made necessary educational investment a number of years ago and which continue to invest in order to secure de sirable returns in the future. Despite recent progress, the level of education of Georgia people is far below that of many other states with which Georgia and Georgians must compete. In a study conducted in 1963, Georgia's ranking among the fifty states was: 47th for percentage of population with less than 5 years of schooling 47th for percentage of population with less than 8 years of schooling 43rd in percentage completing at least 4 years of high school In 1963, the Governors Commission to Improve Education, in summarizing the needs and possibilities for future educational progress in the state, stated: "Georgia needs not only more education of the type it already provides but also better education of these types. At the same time, the state needs new types of education to equip its citizens for the specialized jobs, which are essential in assuring economic growth. These problems are so serious that only the highest type of educational and political leadership will be able to cope with them." The Commission further declared: "The most important single prerequisite for educational improvement in Georgia is eective long -range planning. Continuity of effort must be achieved. A program to improve education cannot be achieved by any -39- one commission, one session of the legislature, one Governor's ad-ministration. It involves a continuing cycle of study, planning, implementation, evaluation and replanning. This process must take place at all levels and involves consideration of both the broad problems and the detailed ones. " The State Board of Education has created in the Office of the Deputy State Superintendent of Schools a Division of Planning, Research and Evaluation. The function of this Division is to develop a planning capability that is continuous, long-range and stable. The establishment of goals, the assessment of educational outcomes, the evaluation of programs and activities, are a part of the total planning effort. The quality of planning depends greatly on the quantity and quality of data available. The development of a comprehensive educational data system is a necessary step in the planning process. -40- DEPUTY SUPERINTENDENT OF SCHOOLS DIVISION OF PLANNING, RESEARCH AND EVALUATION Including Title III, Title I Evaluation and Measurement, Research and Statistical Services STATE SUPERINTENDENT OF SCHOOLS REGIONAL CURRICULUM PROJECT - ASSISTANT SUPERINTENDENT SCHOOL ADMINISTRATIVE SERVICES - DIVISION OF FINANCIAL SERVICES School Allotments and Payments Unit Financial Review Unit Textbook Allotments Unit Federal Program Unit - DIVISION OF ADMINISTRATIVE LEADERSHIP Ineluding Standards for Georgia Schools and Shared Services Projects - DIVISION OF ADMINISTRATIVE SERVICES School Plant Unit School Food Services Unit Public Library Unit School Transportation Unit Surplus Property Unit Food Distribution Unit - ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY EDUCATION ACT, TITLE II ....- ASSOCIATE SUPERINTENDENT INSTRUCTIONAL SERVICES ....- DIVISION OF CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT Civil Defense Education Unit Adult Education Unit Curriculum Leadership Unit Audio Visual Services Unit - - DIVISION OF VOCATIONAL EDUCATION Administrative Services Unit Leadership Services Unit Local Programs Unit Area and MOTA Programs Unit DIVISION OF TEACHER EDUCATION AND CERTIFICATION Teacher Education Unit Teacher Certification Unit Teacher Recruitment and Special Programs Unit DIVISION OF ....- SPECIAL EDUCATION AND PUPIL PERSONNEL SERVICES Pupil Personnel ServiceS Program for Exceptional Children Georgia School for the Deaf Georgia Academy for the Blind ....- DIVISION OF EDUCATIONAL TELEVISION SERVICES ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY EDUCATION ACT, TITLE I ASSISTANT SUPERINTENDENT f-- VOCATIONAL REHABILITATION SERVICES DIVISION OF GENERAL SERVICES - Guidance, Training and Placement District Offices DIVISION OF SPECIAL SERVICES - OASI Disability Determination Atlanta Referral and Placement Project Social Security Trust Fund Physical Restoration Program for the Blind Special Projects Hospital Programs D'VISIONOF FACILITIES AND WORKSHOPS Atlanta Employment Evaluation and Service Center Georgia Rehabilitation Center Evaluation Center for the Deaf Workshops """- DIVISION OF SPECIAL DISABILITIES "- Program for the Mentally III Program for the Mentally Retarded Public Offender Programs ASSISTANT I-- SUPERINTENDENT DEPARTMENT STAFF SERVICES DIVISION OF PERSONNEL SERVICES t- DIVISION OF ACCOUNTING SERVICES Including Rehabilitation Accounting DIVISION OF SYSTEMS AND - DATA PROCESSING Ineluding Vocational Rehabilitation DIVISION OF GENERAL SERVICES t- I Central Clerical I DIVISION OF PUBLICATIONS AND INFORMATION - SERVICES DEPARTMENTAL BUDGET OFFICER ~ GE ORGIA DEPARTMENT of EDUCATION "Something is wrong when people suffer for food, clothing and shelter in the midst of abundant re source s. Something is wrong when one -quarter of our workers cannot find work to do. Something is wrong when the family that grows cotton cannot afford clothing or mattresses, when the men who make automobiles cannot buy them, when the men who build houses cannot afford to live in even the cheapest new one. II Mordecai Ezekiel, Jobs For All WELFARE Chapter V Public welfare is a responsibility of not only the Federal Government, but also the State and local governments. Government was established by the people to promote their interest and welfare, their will-being and security. Although welfare is a general term meaning the 'good of the whole'!, it has now taken on a connotation of also meaning only assistance to certain people who are incapable of providing for themselve s. Other cultures in other ages were less sensitive in dealing with weaker members of their societies. Concern for the poor is characteristically American. Youthful, impatient Americans demand new ways of stopping the scourge of poverty. Concurrently, the poor are becoming more articulate and are able to air their grievances against present welfare programs, those who administer them, and those who work with the poor themselves. The situation is such that the caseworker is little understood and less appreciated. Public welfare programs can no more be blamed for poverty than a physician be blamed for an illness. Welfare has had its beginning in the home, where the burden of responsibility was upon the parents to care for the children and the children to care for the parents. However, with our changing cultural patterns the nation has become evermore responsible for those who cannot sufficiently provide what is necessary for them to survive. With the acceptance of this responsibility, came the various programs to provide assistance which would be sufficient to permit them to develop and provide for themselves, rather than remaining a burden upon their society. -43- In order that the State may provide for the welfare of its citizens who are unable to provide for themselves, it has established the following general goals in its laws: a more detailed listing appear s in the Appendix C. ':' to provide all forms of public assistance including general home relief, outdoor and indoor care of persons in need, old age assistance, aid to dependent children, and aid to the blind or otherwise handicapped. ':' to promote, safeguard and protect the well - being and general welfare of the children and youth of the State, through a comprehensive and coordinated program of public child welfare and youth service s. ':' to identify and study the problems of youth, recommend and affect possible solutions, and work actively for state and local action to prevent children and youth from becoming inmate s in our prisons, patients in our mental hospitals, and perscns dependent upon public assistance programs. ':' to establish and operate additional treatment and training facilities including parks, forestry camps, maintenance camps, ranges, and group residents necessary to classify and handle juvenile delinquents of different age s and different mental and physical conditions, according to their needs. ':' to administer programs and services appropriate to strengthen family life and help needy individuals obtain the maximum economic and personal independence of which they are capable. ,;. to initiate and cooperate with other agencies in developing measures for the prevention of blindness, the restoration of eyesight, and the vocational adjustment of blind persons. -44- ':' to assist 111 the rehabilitatiun of disabled individuals. :-:.: to nlake provisions for rneeting the cost of hospital care for pe rsons eligi ble for public as si stance. :-:~ to provide for the supervision of agencies and institutions caring for the aid of a dependent or mentally or physically handicapped or aged adult and approval of the incorporation of chari table agencie s and such other welfare activities or services. ~:~ to provide for the clearance, replanning" and reconstruction of the areas in which unsanitary or unsafe housing conditims exist, providing a safe and sanitary dwelling for persons of low income. ~:' to provide services to county governments for a.drninistration of the welfare functions, and the compilation of statistics and information relative to public welfare problems. Georgia's welfare assistance programs formally had their beginning with the Department of Public Welfarp which was created by the Act of February 26, 1937 (Acts 1937, p. 355) and, which by an Act of 1963, p. 218 is known now as the State Department of Family and Children Services. (See organizational chart p. -5-2 - - The duties of the Department are to assure certain Georgia citizens with the basic essentials of living. It provides for the well-being of Georgians by administering public assistance and child welfare benefits and services. The Department receives, administers, and disburses approximately 130 million dollars a year for the above mentioned purposes and approximately five million dollars a year for the following institutions, namely: Confederate - 45- Soliders Home, eight Youth Development Centers for delinquent boys and girls. and a Factory for the Blind with two branches. The Department of Family and Children Services has under its supervision the Division of Social Administration, the Division of Research and Publications. the Division for Children and Youth, the Division of Business Administration, the Division of Personnel and Staff Development, and the Georgia Factory for the Blind. The Division of Social Administration is comprised of the Field Social Services Section, which supervises District Staff and County Department social administration, the Medical Eligibility Section, which determines medical factors of eligibility and formulates and prescribes standards and procedures for medical social services; the Quality Control Section, which reviews county case actions, tests policies and procedures, analyzes findings, and prepares periodic reports; and the Food Office, which administers the surplus commodity and food stamp programs. Family planning consultation is also offered by that Division, as well as housing for Confederate widows. The Division of Research and Publications interprets statistical data, develops and conducts special studies, and designs and executes research studies. Other sections are the Division of Personnel and Staff Development, and the Division of Business Administration, which have the responsibilities for the personnel and fiscal administration ar.d statistical records and reports. The Division for Children and Youth is divided into three sections and eight youth development centers. The first section, the Child Welfare Section, deals with protective services, foster homes, unwed mothers, and adoptions. The Court Services Section handles pre - hearing social investigations, probations, and after care services. The Licensing Section's -46- duties a.rl' to provide consultation dnd licensing for child caring institution:s-, lnaternity hOlTIes, child placing agencies, day care centers, and fan1ily day care hon1Cs. The COlTIlTIunity DeveloplTIent Office, under the State Director, assists local citizen groups in the developlTIent of local resources, conducts cOlTIlTIunity surveys, and plans for the developlTIent of volunteer activities. Also, under the State Director are the AdlTIinistrative and Public InforlTIation Officer s. Another agency providing assistance is the COlTIlTIission on Aging. Its lTIajor responsibilities are to handle federal progralTIs related to aging which are not the responsibility of another state agency; to study, plan and execute a progralTI designed to lTIeet the present and future needs of aging citizens of the state; to assist in the developlTIent and coordination oprogralTIs for the aging in Georgia's counties, towns, and cities, and to conduct delTIonstration projects with public and private agencies concerned with the problelTIs of aging. It stresses the following: >:~ Development of statewide cornrnunity concern and interest in the aging and provide new and/ or expanded service s for thelTI. ':' Working lTIore closely with public agencies and voluntary organizations. :::~ Developing and emphasizing a com.munity plan which wculd establish interest in its operation, and assure the participation of the olde l' people. ;:~ Encouraging and providing ways and means of preparing workers, m all levels, for retirelTIent and for continued usefulne s s as citizens after retirelTIent. -47- ,;, Conducting i.J. continuous inforITldtion - gIvIng progrdm. ,;, UtiliZing grant funds of Title III. ,;, Conducting and participating in appropriate training for agency staff, community leaders and workers, and other agency staffs engaged in work for older people. Since the beginning of assistance programs there have been steady increases over the years of applications for the welfare programs. This is due partly to the fact that Georgia's population is growing, and her welfare applicants increasing. Also the programs are becoming more well-known with more people applying because they realize they are eligible to receive assistance. However, the total number of recipients remains about the same as a result of termination of some of the recipients. In the year 1967 a total of 70,803 applications for the fcur main assistance programs were received and 39,107 approved. There were 330 applications approved for Aid to the Blind, 12,505 for Aid to Families with Dependent Children, 7, 828 applications for Aid to the Permanently and Totally Disabled, and 18,444 for Aid to the Aged. Georgia's average award for Old Age Assistance is $51.90 per persal, which can be compared to a national average of $67.70. Of the number of recipients per 1, 000 aged population, (65 years of age or older) Georgia has 283 recipients; the nation has 101. The average award per family of Aid to Families with Dependent Children is $'18.10 for Georgia; the nation's is $16':1. ';15. The number of Dependent Children per 1, 000 population under 18 years ci age is 43 for Georgia, and 52 for the United States. -48- These fitju.l'es relate to the fact th'lt Georgia's per capita income in 1966 was $2,379" ,while the nation as a whole was $2,963, and that there are more people eligibile for aid in Georgia than the average of the United states. Thus, it puts a larger burden on the State of Georgia to adequately take care of her poor or those in need of aid. In an evaluation of Georgia's programs in the Department of Family and Children Services by the Department itself, significant recommendations "Tere made. Concerning the Aid to Families VTith Dependent Children Program, it was proposed that the lack of employment opportunity be a basis for grant application, that the monetary limits of the maximum grant be extended and a grant be created that would supplement the salary of the working mother when it falls below a recognized minimum level, and that the substitute-father clause be eliminated. In the Old Age Assistance ~rogram there was unanimous consent that the aged should be provided free hospitalization and help in meeting the expense of drugs necessary to maintain good health. In the field of Child Welfare, the need to inform the public and the county boards of all the available child welfare programs in Georgia was recognized. There is also a distinct need to educate the county boards of the necessary resources to improve their programs. For example, the county boards in rural counties felt that they were spending enough on child welfare on a per capita basis,when in fact they were spending much less than urban counties who recognize the need for additional funds and added services. -49- Therefore, the Basic needs of Georgia Welfare programs are to expand and coordinate present programs, raise the level of pdyment closer to the national scale.' and initiate programs where none exist. Presently the five main programs carried on in the Department of Family and Children Services under the Social Security Act ci 1;135 are: Aid to Families with Dependent Children, Old Age Assistance, Child Welfare Aid to the Disabled and Aid to the Blind. These are all administered at the local level. The Aid to Families with Dependent Children origina.lly was focused en the problem of child support in families where the father had died. Since then many changes have been made; now it applies to families where the father is present but is unemployed and cannot find work. It also includes cases where the father has abandoned his family, is in jail, etc. The Old Age As sistance program applies to people over 65 years who are "in need!' of assistance, and who meet residence requirements. The Child Welfare program consists of all facets of children in need. This includes maternity care, adoptive homes, foster homes, day care centers, juvenile courts, child guidance clinic s, educational re source s, (such as visiting teacher s, exceptional children, and vocational education), training schools (the Georgia Industrial Institute of Alto), and the care of children at Central State Hospital. These programs of child welfare are given the most emphasis in the public welfare system in Georgia. Aid to the Permanently and Totally Disabled includes not only aid, but job training and jobs for disabled Georgians. The program for Aid to the Blind applies to those persons, at least 16 years of age, who qualify to the degree of blindness established by the Department of Family and Children Services. These programs receive their funds from both the federal and state governments. - 50- Other federal progran1s carried on in the state are the medical assistance program - Title XIX, the Federal Supplementary Medical Insurance Trust Fund, the Federal Hospital Insurance Trust Fund, the Federal Old Age and Survivors Insurance Trust Fund, the Federal Disability Insurance Trust Fund, the Educationally Deprived Children Program (Tilte 1, ESEA) and Guidance Counseling and Testing NJEA V-A Program. The Department of Family and Children Services also participates in the Food Stamp Program and Surplus Commodity Program in 158 of Georgia 1s 159 ':ounties. This is a joint effort of the State Department, the U. S. Department of Agriculture, the State Department of Education, and the County Departments of Family and Children Services. The Department also provides home and/or money to the widows of Confederate soldiers, work experience proj ects which are conducted in Some counties in Georgia, programs involving hospital, nursing, and home care, and programs involving Emergency Shelter Care for children in some counties. Other departments and boards concerned with welfare are the Veterans Service Board, the State Board of Workm:'ln's Compensation, the State Board of Family Service, Board of Re view Employment Security Service in the Department of Labor, the various retirem.ent systems of the State, and the Penal and Rehabilitation Authority. -51- GEORGIA STATE DEPARTMENT OF FAMILY AND CHILDREN SERVICES . j,a!fi.....~~.,,!B"-:;- GOVERNOR r OtVlSION OF RESEAlICH AHO I'Il8llCATMIIS DIVISION DIRECTOR'S OFFICE ,---- ----------, I STATE IIOARD OF I IL FAMILY AND CHILllRfN SERVICES...Jr - - - - Tr STATE DIRECTOR DEPUTY DIRECTOR ~DMINISTRATIVE OFFICER PUBLIC INF~TlOII OFFICE _lTV DEVELOMNT OFFICE - --, I ! I I ---------------------,I ,I T DIVISION OF SOCIAL ADMINISTRATION DtVISION DIRECTOR'S OFFICE T 1 DIVISIOII OF PERSONIlEL AIIO STAFF OEVELDMNT T 1 I -, [DIVISION OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION DIViSiON DIRECTOR'S OfFICE I I __________ LI r 1 r STATE 80AIIO FOR CHILDREN AND ')UTH r CHAIRMAN StATE DIRECTOR 1 1 l DIVISION FOR CHILDREN AND YOUTH t>lVISIOfrII OIAECT~'S OFFICE -r RESEARCH SECTION I INTERPRET ST...TISTIC.... DATA 2 DEVELOP AND CONDUCT SPECI"'L STUDIES 3 DESIGN "'ND EXECUTE RESEARCH STUDIES FIELD SOCIAL SERVICES SECTION l. SUPERVISE PUBLIC ASSISTAKE DISTRICT OFFiCE ST"'FF 2 SUPERVISE COUNTY DEP"'''TllfNTS SOCIAL "'DM I N IST"...TION ~_PERSOIINH~~C~_ 1.IIIIIAIHIAIN CLASSiFICATION ANI) COMP[H5AT I ON PLANS 2. EffECT PERSONN~.l TRANSACT I GNS 3. PAYROLL CERT If rCAr I ON 4. RECAUI HINT 5.EMPlOYEE BENEFIT PROGRAMS 6.0IAECT VOlUNl(ER SFAVICE PROGRAM ACCOUNTING SECTION l. AUDIT FOR PAYMENT ALL AWARDS AND H :~~~~:~NC:=":~~HORIl"'TlONS AND I - 2 SUPEAYISE AND "'UOIT COUNTY OEPARTIIfNT'S FISC"'L ADMINISTR...TION 3. PROVIDE GENERAL "'CCOUNTING AND BUDGETING KAYlCES YOUTH DEVELOPMENT CENTERS STATE MILLEOGE" t LlE A,UGUSTA ATLANTA CHILD WELFARE SECTION .........II. PROTECTIVE SERVICES 2 FOSTER HOMES >- 3. UNWED MOTHERS 4. ADOPTIONS MEDICAL ELIGIBILITY SECTION 'STAFF DEVELOPMENT SECTION DATA PROCESSING SECTION REGIONAL A,L!"A,NY COURT SERVICES SECTION I. SUPERVISE PROGRAM OF MEDICAL SOCIAL A,UGUSTA I U1 N SERViCES 2. FORMULATE AND P9tESCR,.E ST"'NDARDS "'ND PROCEDURES PERTINENT TO MEDIC"'L SOC I"'L SERVICES 3. DETERMINE MEDICAL F"'CTORS OF ELKi.... BILITY ON ALL "'PPLlCA.LE PROGRAMS I. PL"'N STAFF DEVElOPMENT AND ORlENTATtoN PROGR"'''S 2 FORMULATE TRAINING ACTIVITIES r PREP... RE CHECKS AND DIS.URSEMENT RECORDS, ASSISTANCE PAVMENTS, AND PAYROLLS aPRENRE STATISTICAL T....UL...TIONS,IREAIl DOWNS, AND REPORT$-'-o\LL "'CTIVITIES ROME SANOERSVILLE WAYCROSS I--l i PRE-HEARING SOC I"'... 'I'llVESTIGAT'ONS 2, PROBATIONS 3 AFTER CARE SE:RVICES I FAMILY PLANNING OFFICE FOOD OFFICE CONFEDERATE SOLDIERS HOME STAFF SERVICES SECTION I. M"'IL, SUPPLIES 2. DUPLICATING SERVICES 3. MICROFILMING SERVICES 4. RECORDS M...N"'GEMENT LI CENSING SECTION w~. ~e;'ESNUSll~~T~R CHILD CARING INSTITUTIONS, MATERNITY HOMES, CHILD PLACING AGENCIES, nAV CARE CENTERS. AND FAMILY DAV CARE "OMES OUALITY CONTROL SECTION l. REVIEW QUALITY OF COUNTY DEPARTMENT L..I2. ~~~~ :;:~~~~NESSAND CLARITY OF POLICIES AND PftOCEOIJRES 3. ANALYZE FINDINGS FOR CORRECTIVE MEASURES APPROPR:I ...TE TO PROIUM(S) 4. PREPARE PERIODIC REP'Ofn'S ON FINDINGS STATISTICS SECTION ~ l. ~tit~TTESENT ...ND ANALyZE STAT IS2 PREPARE STATISTICAL REPORTS 3, PREP...RE STATISTICAL DATA fOR RESEARCH FIELD STAFF-PUBLIC ASSISTANCE FI ElD ACCOUNTANTS DIST. I - SAVANNAH DIST. 2 - ALe"'NY DIST. 3 - AMERICUS DIST. 4 - GRIFFIN DIST.5 - ATLANTA DIST. 6 M"'CON DIST. 7 - MARIETTA OIST, a - WAVCRDSS DIST. 9 - GAINESVILLE DIST.IO - "'THENS ~ T COUNTY BOARD OF FAMILY AND CHilDREN SERVICES (159 Counties) 5 "E ... US PER COUNTY IOAAD e OISTRICTS I AND DISTRICTS 2 AND 3 DISTRICTS 4 AND 7 DISTRICTS 5 "'ND 6 DISTRICTS 9 "'ND 10 SAVANNAH ALaANV ATLANTA ATLANTA ATLANTA ~ I COUNTY DEPARTMENTS OF FAMILY AND CHILDREN SERVICES (159Counti) I....DMINISTER AID TO THE AGED, BLIND, AND DIS....LED 2. ADMINISTER AID TO FAMILIES WITH DEpENDENT CHILDREN 3. ADMINISTER GENER"'L "'SSISTANCE 4, ADMINISTER CHILD WELFARE 5. CERTIFY TO OTHER FEDERAL "'GENCIES 6. REFER TO OTHER AGENCIES "'5 7. ADMINiSTER "'LL OTHER WELFARE SERVICES DELEGATED lSY COUNTY COMMISSIONERS FACTORY FOR THE BLIND BAINBRIDGE BRANCHES: ATLANTA-GRIFFIN FIELD STAFF-CHILDREN SERVICES OIST I - SAvANN...H DI$T 6 L i OIST 2 - AlBANV OIST 1 OIST :3 ATl",NTA DIST 6 OIST 4 - ATLANTA OI$T 9 OIST 5 MACON OIST 10 . . . co. MARIETTA WAYCROSS GAINESVILLE AH+ENS EffECT' \IE. AS OF JULY I 196f1 The full utilization of our people, and their active participation in the mainstream of our culture and way of life is one of the most important priorities of this nation and state. If we do not solve this problem, we cannot exist as a nation. Manpoere is involved not only with labor, but education, health, and welfare. Manpower development and utilization is a current responsibility undertaken by the Federal Government, which a the State level is an application and implementation of manpower programs that strive to train or re-train the unemployed and underemployed in professional and non-professional areas where there are exhibited needs, such as health, education and some service oriented job areas. Ath the state level the efforts of manpower development and training have been oriented towards implementing federal manpower programs, establishing standards for employment, encouraging industrial and economic growth within the state, and working with the school system through the vocational education division and at the state level through vocational training centers. Some of the general manpower goals of the state are as follows~ with a more precise listing in Appendix D. * to promote and encourage the location, establishment, and develop:-nent of new business and industries within the State and the development and expansion of business and industries now or hereafter located in the State. ':~ to cooperate with political subdivisions, communities, and area development organizations, industries, enterprises, and individuals in their efforts to promote the expansion of industrial and commercial activities in redevelopment areas. -54- ':' to provide more than a temporary alleviation of unemployment or underemployment. ':' to e stabli sh and maintain free public employment office s. ':' to provide that no minor under fourteen years of age shall be employed, perrnitted, or suffered to work in any gainful occupation at any time (with limited exception). ':' to eliminate any discriminatory wage practices based on sex, age, race, nationality, religion or other factors. ':' to provide for the prevention of accidents or industrial occupational diseases in every employment or place of employment. ,;, to encourage employers to provide more stable employment by the systematic accumulation of funds during periods of employment to provide benefits for periods of unemployment. ,;, to provide training facilities for pre-release rehabilitation and to provide training of prisoners referred to the Georgia Penal System. To fulfill the se needs and to provide for the securing of job opportunities the Department of Labor was created in 1937 as the successor to the former Department of Industrial Relations, and its predecessor, the Department of Commerce and Labor. (See Manpower elements of Or- gani zational chart. p. 67 )' One of the duties of the department is to administer the Unemployment Compensation Act of March 29, 1937. To accomplish this, the Commissioner of Labor set up in the Department (!If Labor, a Bureau of Unemployment Compensation divided into an Employment Service Division and an Unemployment Compensation Division. In 1945 the Legislature changed the name of that -55- Bureau to Employment Security Agency, but left the subordinate divisions unchanged. The Department of Labor cooperates with other agencies concerned with Manpower. Recently, a Cooperative Area Manpower Planning System, CAMPS, was established in Georgia. The State CAMPS Committee consists of local area committees and local representatives of the following agencie s: the Georgia Department of Labor - Georgia State Employment Service the State Department of Education - General Adult Education the Division of Vocation Education - Special Federal Training Programs the Division of Vocation Rehabilitation the State Health Department the Office of Comprehensive Health Planning the Georgia Department of Agriculture the Georgia Department of Family and Children Services - Division of Social Administration the State Planning Bureau the U. S. Department of Labor - The Bureau of Apprenticeship and Training the U. S. Department of Agriculture - Rural Development Specialist the Department of Housing and Urban Renewal the U. S. Forestry Service - Southeastern Area the Economic Development Administration the Office of Economic Opportunities the U. S. Civil Service Commission -56- This C0l1ll11ittcc serves in an advisory capacity on the problen1s of manpower in the State in an attempt to coordinate the activities of differ..,nt governD1ental organizations into a compatible plan to improve the human resources of the State. To deal with the manpower problems of today, the true problems must be recognized, the reasons and conditions under 'Nhich they grew must be determined, and possible solutions and programs to alleviate these problems must be implemented. However, this is only a short range view of the field of manpower. More important and significant, in the proper utilization of our re sour ce s in the field of manpower, the Geor gia Department of Labor endeavors to determine the basic trends of to day and consequently anticipate and provide for the needs of the future. In this way, rather than particular crises simply being alleviated, a realistic contribution is being made f()r the future of the people and the state. It is estimated that in ten years, we will not have enough trained manpower available to achieve our national goals. Unemployment should decrease rather than increase, if proper training and education is planned to fulfill the needs of the future. Although more jobs will be auto:rnated, new services will be demanded and new industries will be developed that will absorb most of the nation's workers. However, this can only happen if the labor market is educated, trained, and retrained in the areas of need. Some of the factor s that will influence the employment trends of the 1970' s will be: people attending schools forlonger periods of time, earlier retirement, an increase in the participation rate of women in the labor market, and a shorter work week. Other major factors that will in.fluence the -'/'olume of employment and the kind of jobs required are: technical change, population increase, r ising family income with higher standard of living, urbanization and greater demand for services. -57- It is estimated that by 1975, 3/4 of the populdtion of this country (or 170 million people) will be living in urban areas with the most rapid growth in the Southwest and the Far West. There will be a tremendous growth in white collar and service jobs, while blue collar jobs will steadily increase and farm jobs will steadily decrease, but at a lower rate than in recent years. National projections of employment of persons 16 years of age and over in the April 1968 Manpower Report of the President show that total employment is expected to rise by 16,100,000, or 22.7 percent, from 1965 to 1975. The projections, which are contained in Table E-8 of the report, also show that: ~::: White-collar workers - professional, managerial, office and sales workers - will increase by 10,400,000 or 32.7 percent. ':< Blue-collar or manual workers - craftsmen, operatives and laborers - will gain 3,500,000 or 13. 3 percent (laborers will decline 88,000 or 2. 4 percent). ==::: Service workers - a diverse group that includes private household workers, waiters, bartenders, and countergirls, protective service workers such as FBI agents and policemen, and hospital attendants - will add 3,100,000 workers for a 34.4 percent increase. ':< Farm employment will decline by 900,000 or 21.6 percent. Some of the specific jobs which will be in considerable demand in the immediate future are airplane mechanics, several airport transportation occupations, college teachers, road machinery operators, and many occupations in the service and medical fields. The estimated 8, 750 new doctors per year graduating from medical school during the 1970 I swill -58- be about one-half of the number needed. While about 3, 000 dentists are presently produced annually, actual need is about 5,000 per year. We will need 23,000 new nurses per year in the early 70 1 s. There may develop a crisis in semiskilled factory or service workers. However, their training takes about one year, and therefore should a crisis occur it will be more easily met. (It takes from five to ten years to significantly increase the supply of scientists, teachers and physicians.) In determining trends of manpower on the State level, we must compare Georgia with the United States as a whole. The per capita income of Georgia is 75.50/0 of the United States average as of 1964. There exists few statistics more recent than 1960, the year of the last census. Thus, it is difficult to give detailed trends with projected statistic s, and reliance has been given to general trends in Georgia. Georgia is expected to follow national trends, however, migration is an important factor. Six and one-half percent of the population of Georgia left the State between 1950 and 1960. However, the natural increase of population in the State was 20.7%, which gives a total increase of 14.50/0. The general trend seems to be Negroes leaving the South, with white professionals moving into Georgia. This is partly due to the shift of the economy away from agriculture and less technical industries, towards more highly skilled and technical industries, and professional jobs. A number of Negroes in Georgia are still in agriculture and domestic service. This will continue to decline, . althouO'h at a slower pace. The shift of the economy away frem agriculture, & the urbanization of the State, and the increased education and skill of the workers are important factors in the growth of the State. One result of this will be the increased mobility in the population of Georgia. -59- "I have known people to stop and buy an apple on the corner and then walk away as if they had solved the whole unemployment problem. " Heywood Broun, It Seems to Me MANPOWER Chapter VI Diversification of jobs in Georgia will be facilitated by the increasing supply of educated and skilled workers. However, this will also increase the ability and willingness of many workers to seek employment outside the state unless suitable jobs are developed here. These are the workers the state can least affort to lose becauseour greatest investment is in them. The South and Georgia will be in a stronger position than at anytime in the past century to increase the total output of goods and services, to raise products, and to improve the occupational status and the income of its workers. Georgia will share in the expansion of national employment. The decline of Georgia's share of the national economy between 1940 and 1960 will be halted by 1975, but Georgia's share of the total United States employment will not change significantly in the next decade. There will also be a general trend away from goods -producing industrie s with an increase in service oriented organizations. The decline of agriculture, sawmills, and planning rnills will continue. Textiles, though increasing now, may decline by 1975, while most other manufacturing industries will grow. There will be an increase in professional service oriented industries such as wholesale and retail trade and finance, insurance and real estate. Professional, administrative, managerial, and clerical occupations will also rapidly increase. This trend indicate s the rate of economic growth and influences changes in per capita income. The most striking changes in the South and particularly in Georgia will be in agriculture and government. From 1960 to 1975 a decline of almost 50 percent is expected in agriculture, while Government is expected to nearly double in these 15 years. The full utilization of our people and their active participation in the mainstream of our economy and culture is one of the major mandates for our nation and state. The health, even the survival, of the nation depends on -60- adequate solutions to our manpower problems. Through manpower planning, determining the manpower needs, and training the work force to fill these needs, we canreduce the necessity for welfare and enrich the lives of all citizens through a health productivity. Job Insurance: The purpose of the Georgia Employment Security Law is to reduce hardships due to unemployment by providing job insurance to eligible unerr.ployed persons, to help unemployed persons find jobs, to help stabilize employment, and to assist the entire community by providing income and maintaining purchasing power during slack work periods. Employment Services: The Georgia State Employment Service is affiliated with the U. S. Employment Service and has the re sponsibility for providing a two-fold service: (l) to employer s - -referr ing qualified worker s for job openings and (2) to job seekers--referrhlg for needed work or training. This central service is provided by and through the thirty-seven placement offlces in the state. Much of the activity of Employment Service personnel is in the category of "employability development." This program area relate s to identifying and reaching out to individuals who are unfortunate in being not readily employable, and in providing the kinds of assistance necessary for them to become productive ITlembers of the work force and of society. A variety of activitie s are performed by the Department of Labor I s Employment Service to attain the end re suits in areas of training and employment. Employment counseling by professional Employment Service counselors assists special applicants in choosing or adjusting to a job or in developing a satisfactory training program. This service helps applicants to analyze themselves and their potentialities and gives them up-to-date information which enables them to develop a good vocational plan leadi.ng to a successful career. -61- Son1e of the special groups whose members may often need counseling are the severely disadvantaged, young people just entering the ldbor force, older workers changing occupations, the handicapped, ex-servicemen, minority group members, ex-prisoners, rural residents, low income urban area residents, housewives without recent work experience, and emotionally disturbed persons. Special youth services of the Georgia State Employment Service include coonseling and outreach by two Youth Opportunity Centers and the regular public employment office s The end objective is sati sfactory placement on a suitable job. Through a cooperative high school-Employment Service program, services are made available to seniors. These offerings are expecially valued at schools with a concentration of students from poverty areas. The seniors who plan to seek employment may receive testing and counseling services, and are given useful occupational information before they graduate. Manpower Training: An integral part of employability development is manpower training. The State Employment Service works closely with, and refers applicants to, on-the-job and apprenticeship programs. In 1962 the Manpower Development and Training Act was passed, and the program is still in full operation. Its major goal is to insure that unemployed persons who cannot obtain full-time jobs with their present skills are given an opportunity through vocational training and subsistence allowances, to learn new skills that are needed in the job market. Recent MDTA emphasis is placed on serving youth, older workers, minority groups and the disadvantaged, including upgrading occupational skills through basic education and employmentoriented training. Special Manpower Programs: The State Employment Service administers and participate s in several special projects de signed to upgrade employability of Georgia's citizens. -62- . The mission of the Job Corps program is to train disadvantaged youth to become productive citizens. Total rehabilitation and individual development is emphasized, through training and vocational guidance. In fiscal year 1969, more young people will be recruited from rural areas, and additional vocational training centers will be developed to train ghetto youth in urban areas. Also, Job Corps will intensify its efforts to equip youth with rudimentary educational skills. The Neighborhood Youth Corps is a work experience program providing on-thejob training for youth aged 16 through 21. Attention is given to remedial education, counseling and upgrading employability levels. The Concentrated Employment Programs, called the CEP, was initiated in early 1968 to bring together in one unified effort the many programs administered by the Department of Labor which can help people in the poorest areas of rural and urban America. The hard core unemployed are searched for in these areas, counseled and provided health and remedial education services and manpower training to help them find meaningful employment. The JOBS program -- Job Opportunities in the Business Sector -- is an expanded joint effort by government and private industry to employ and train hard core unemployed in the nation's fifty largest cities. The Labor Department will locate the unemployed; private companies will train the participants and offer them jobs. Cooperating with the JOBS effort, will be the recently formed National Alliance of Busine s smen (NAB). Under the JOBS program a Labor Department contract can reimburse private employers for the extra costs of training and helping the hard core unemployed. In addition to the work in the Cooperative Area Manpower System, the Department of Labor works with Community Action Programs (CAP) of the Office of Economic Opportunity, to mobilize community resources to help families combat the problems of poverty by involving them in the affairs -63- of tlwir ,'omrnunity, often receiving pay for such invol.rement. The Model Cities Program is a comprehensive effort aimed at producing in certain urban areas new jobs, housing, education, health services, and new opportunities for the disadvantaged to participate in the mainstream of the economy. The Prison Releasee Program, recently initiated by the Labor Department, provides special assistance to releasees and parolees entering or reentering the labor market. Services include employment counseling, testing, and placement on jobs. The Selective Service Rejectee Program is a Labor Department activity in which the Employment Service counsels at induction centers, interviews all rejectees, and encourages them to report to the nearest public employment office to receive services available to them. The Labor Department program "New Careers" aims to develop entry-level professional aide jobs with maximum career opportunities. Jobs are provided in public and private non-profit agencies in shortage fields such as health, welfare, education, community development and public safety. "Ten Cities" is a project in ten U. S. cities, including Atlanta, to recruit and identify the needs to 300 to 800 hard core disadvantaged youth and adults, and through individualized training, guide them through a series of experiences which may eventually lead to gaining and maintaining a satisfactory job. The se and several other manpower projects are part of an overall Employment Service effort toward the goal of full participation in our productive economy. The Georgia Department of Labor, as the major manpower agency in the state, works in close cooperation with many other departments and various community agencies interested in developing human resources or expanding -64- employment opportunities. In addition, several programs are administered by other departments and agencies. Their scope is broad and general. The Bureau of Work Training Programs' on-the-job training cooperates with private enterprise. It trains unemployed 16 year s or older for existing jobs. The Labor Department reimburses the employer for training costs and related expenses. The Georgia Department of Family and Children Service s administer s the programs of medical assistance, surplus commoditie s and food distr ibution, family planning, work experience and job training, and the Georgia Factory f:>r the Blind. The Georgia State Department of Education provides programs in State technical and vocational schools, and area vocational and technical schools. Also active in the field of Manpower, is the Georgia Department of Industry and Trade. Both the Department of Labor and the Department of Industry and Trade are designated in Georgia's legislation with the responsibility lito promote and encourage the establishment, development, and expansion of commerce and industry in the State. II The particular duties of the Department of Industry and Trade, in respect to Manpower are: * to act as a promotional agency, funded entirely by the State of Georgia. * to act as repre sentative s to solicit new industry and to provide assistance in locating firms in Georgia commun- ities. (This requires analysis and consideration of all factor s including manpower, transportation, market sup- plies, and tax requirements.) -65- * to act as representatives to provide direct assistance to communities in their development needs for both tourist attractions and industrial facilities. (This includes an analysis of community i:mprovements required for specific goals. ) * to publish economic profiles on major Georgia communities to provide a comprehensive socio-economic summary. * to publish a socio-economic data summary for site selection using computer facilities. In addition to these programs, there are about thirty programs funded through the Georgia Office of Economic Opportunity. These are regional in character, with smaller projects incorporated into them. Examples of this are various Head Start projects and VISTA programs. The purpose of all the se inter -related manpower programs is to improve the overall outlook of the state and to meet the manpower needs of the future. -66- GEORGIA DEPARTMENT OF LABOR COMMISSIONER OF LABOR Advisory Council EMPLOYMENT SECURITY AGENCY Appeals Tribunal Management Analysis General Counsel Public 'I nformation' Minority Representative Employment Service Division Local Office oper. Manpower Programs Administrative Service Division Personnel- Fiscal Labor Research Manpower Research Training Staff Services Program Accounts Division Unemployment Insurance Division Systems Design Operations Claims Taxes INSPECTION , DIVISION I I I I I I I I :--l'nspection--' I Division : I I 1_ _ No.!..Sl:!.o~'l- __ APPENDIXES Chapter VII APPENDIX - A - Health 1. Georgia Health Goals ':' to safeguard and promote the health of the people of the State ... to employ all legal means appropriate to that end. (Acts 1964, pp. 499, 505). ~:~ to provide that no population area or unit of the State of Georgia shall be without health services, responsive to its needs. (Acts 1964, pp. 499, 516). ~:' to detect and relieve physical defects and deformities and provide treatment for mental and emotional disorder s. (Acts 1964, pp. 499, 505). ':' to conduct programs relating to chronic illne s se s. (Acts 1964, pp. 499, 507). ':' to isolate and treat persons dffected with a communicable disease. (Acts 1964, pp. 499, 505). ~~;: to provide, extend, and improve maternal and child health services. (Acts 1964, pp. 499, 507). ;;:' to provide ~for children already crippled) medical, surgical, corrective and other services. (Acts 1964, pp. 499,507). :;:' to provide epidemiological investigations and laboratory facilities and services, in the detection and control of disease, disorders, and disabilities. (Acts 1964, pp. 499, 505). ;;:' to provide research, investigation and dissemination of inform.ation concerning reduction... and proper control of disease, disorders, and disabilities. (Acts 1964, pp. 499, 505). -69- ':< to conduct programs ... relating to industrial hygiene, control of ionizing and radiation, air pollution, occupational health, water quality, water pollution control, and planning and development of water resources. (Acts 1964, pp. 499, 507). ':< to issue permits to operate food service establishments. (Acts 1964, pp. 499, 559). ':< to insure the protection of the public health by prescribing reasonable standards of health sanitation and safety of tourist courts. (Acts 1964, pp. 499, 563). ':< to provide a complete and comprehensive vital (statistics) records law for the State of Georgia. (Acts 1964, pp499, 580). ':< to promote the prevention, early detection and control of problems affecting the dental health of citizens of Georgia. (Acts 1964, pp. 499, 505). ':< to advance the control of cancer, and of veneral, tubercular, and other diseases. (Acts 1964, pp. 499, 507). ':< to adopt and promulgate - - -rules and regulations - - -necessary to protect the lives and patients of institutions (hospitals and related institutions). (Acts 1964, pp. 499, 612). ':< to assist in the construction and modernization of publicly-owned and publicly-operated medical facilities, auxiliary medical facilities, mental retardation centers, and mental health centers. (Acts 1966, pp. 716, 717). ':< to provide for proper and sufficient facilities . programs and procedures within the State of Georgia for the control and treatment of alcoholism. (Acts 1964, pp. 499, 523). ':< to have administrative responsibility for and supervision of the State Program for Mental Health. (Acts 1964, pp. 499, 546). -70- ':~ to provide adequate facilities and programs, including specialized services to meet the needs ... of the mentally retarded individual. .. (Acts 1964, pp. 499, 631). ':~ to establish and maintain an adequate program for training the profe s sional, semi -profe ssional, and technical personnel neces sary to maintain and operate programs, facilities, and institutions ... in field of mental health. (Acts 1964, pp. 4:~ to provide that public elementary and secondary schoolS of this State receiving state aid... shall operate for a period of time ... not less than nine months during each fiscal school year. (Acts 1964, pp. 3,8). -74- >:c to provide ... for certifying and classifying all teachers and other certificated professional personnel employed by the public schools of thi s state. (Acts 1964, pp. 3, 9). ,:c to provide a minimum base salary for each classification of professional personnel required to be certificated, and for increment increases above the minimum base salary for each classification. (Acts 1964, pp. 3, 27). :::~ to provide for the operation of economical and efficient pupil transportation program. (Acts 1964, pp. 3,27). * to the extent that funds may be available ... to develop or provide for impelmentation of a plan for operation of public schools on a year round basis throughout the State in order to promote greater efficiency and savings through better utilization of existing school facilities, and to prevent overcrowding of classrooms and operation of public schools on a double session basis in rapidly expanding school systems. (Acts 1964, pp. 3, 28). * to inaugurate and maintain adequate facilities and opportunities for training in trade, business, industrial and distributive education, agr iculture and home ec.onomics in the public schools of local units as in area-vocational technical schools. (Acts 1964, pp. 3, 30). * to inaugurate a student honor program for the pupils in the public high schools of this state, who have manif~sted acceptable abilitie s, -75- unique potentials, and who have made exceptional academic achievements. (Acts 1964, pp. 3,45). >:~ to engage in and to make otherwLse provisio:ns for educational research and to all phases of operation of public school systems and to all methods of instruction and education of child and youth, to sponsor conferences, study groups and work shops, and to cm~duct research or education demonstrations, experimentation, field tests and such oth.-:;r projects as may be made ... tend to support, improve or strengthen the public school systems of this State, the quality of education provided Georgia's children and youth in the pUblic schools of this State and the qualification and technical skills in professional personnel employed in the public schools of this sta.te. (Acts 1964, pp. 3, 45). ~~ to iJrovide for implementation of statewide programs in the public schools of the state for the education of the adults and pre-school children and exceptional school children as may be defined by the State Board, and for implementation of oth."r state educational programs not ordinarily coming within the prescribed curriculum of the public schools... such as remedial reading programs ... dr iving education programs. (Acts 1964, pp. 3, 19). ;'< to expend any available funds for the purpose of sending children of public school age who are deaf, mute and blind, for which there are no facilities for education or rehabilitation in this State, to schools, institutions, or other places outside the State of Georgia furnishing proper facilitie s for the education or rehabilitation of -76- such children. (Acts 1953, - November Session, p. 393). * to provide for the education of children, youth and adults who are under the custody and control of other departments and agencie s of this state and located or situated in an institution or re sidential facility maintained by such other departments or agencie s. (Acts 1966, pp. 238, 239). ':~ to plan develop and administer a sound and effective program of vocational education... and maintain an adequate and effective system of teacher training in each of the several phase s of vocational education. (Acts 1953, November Session, pp. 401, 403). ':~ to provide educational and training service s for severely mentally retarded children for whom public school classes are not available. (Acts 1958, p. 206). * to encourage and promote the establishment of schools for adult illiterates... and to do or perform any other act which... and will contribute to the elimination of the state I s illiteracy by means of education, construction and the enlightment. (Acts 1919, p. 255; 1931, pp.7, 40; 1943, p. 241). >:~ to bring about an adequate supply of doctor s of medicine in more spar sely populated areas of the State of Geor gia by increasing the number of medical students from Georgia and the various medical schools from Geo::.-gia to return and practice their profession, th11S affording adequate medical care to the people of Georgia. (Constitution, Article VII, Section I, paragraph II) (Acts 1961, p. 861, 867). -77- ':< to extend scholarships to professions and other personnel to take post-graduate courses in the various schools and clinics of the United States, to enable them to be better qualified in the diagnosis care and treatment of mental illness. (Constitution, Article VII, Section I, paragraph II). (Acts 1960, p. 1212). * to grant scholar ships to qualified students who are bonafide re sidents of the State of Georgia al:d who would not otherwise have funds necessary to finance the cost of a pr ogram or study in the paramedical and other professional and educational fields of study. (Acts 1965, pp. 210, 211; 1966,p. 465). * to establish, operate and ::naintain a Georgia Police Academy for the purpose of training police officer s and other s. (Acts 1962, pp.535, 536). ':< to provide ... for a program of guaranteed student loans for the purpose of acquiring an education beyond the twelfth grade and for payment of interest on such loans. (Acts 1965, pp. 217, 218; 1966, pp. 726, 727). * to improve higher education opportunities of persons who are residents of this state and who are attending or planning to attend colleges of this state by guaranteeing a loan of funds to such persons to assist them in meeting their expense s of higher education. (Acts 1965, pp. 217, 218). * to promote the establishment and development of a library service throughout the state. (Acts 1943, pp. 385, 386). -78- II. A. Division of Teacher Education and Certification The Division is responsible for coordinating the provisions of the Georgia School Laws ..)f 1966 (Section 8, Georgia Code Annotated, Section 32-608) and various Board Policies relative to Pre-Service Education, In-Service Education, Certification, Re cruitment and Spe cial Service s. The Dire ctor of the Division has overall rc sponsibility for or ganizing, planning and promoting the work of the Division on a division-wide basis through the Office of Instructional Services of the Department, but shares these responsibilities as indicated below. Teacher Education Service make s available expertise in teacher education, student teaching, teacher corps, and related services to the Department, teacher education institutions and selected school systems. Teacher Certification Service supervises process of issuing certificates, :-naking evaluations for additional certificates, and evaluating personnel certificates for state salary allctments. Teacher Re cruitment and Special Service s is re sponsible for coordinating and making available expertise in the various programs of teacher recruitment and special services t~) the Department and local school systems. Also, re sponsibilities for in- service education, assessment of needs for educational personnel, the evaluation of professional education programs and their coordination are carried on in this Unit. -79- II. B. Title I, ESEA Title I of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 is designed to strengthen the educational program of severely educationally deprived children living in school attendance areas having a high concentration of low-income families--at least as high as the average for their particular school systeC,. Additionally, Title I projects serve disadvantaged children in State operated institutions for the blind, the deaf, the delinquent, the mentally retarded, and the emotionally disturbed. Spe c ial proje cts are also developed to serve the children of migrator agr icultural wor ker s, pr inc ipally in the southwe stern part of the State. Title I is not general aid to education. It cannot be applied sy stem-wide, or school-wide, or even to all children who are eligible; but, it must supplement what would otherwise be done for those most in need of services, and provide benefits to such an extent that a real educational impact will be made upon them. Nationwide, last year (fiscal year 1968), the total amount which Congress appropr iated for Title I was $1, 191, 000, 000 ,of which Georgia was allocated approximately $38, 000, 000. It was not necessary to match this Federal money with state OT local funds. For fiscal year 1969 Georgia will receive a t least 92% of this amount. This m'lney benefits, directly, more than 300, 000 disadvantaged children. The major portion of the money approved for Title I projects goes directly into instruction, includin6 the full or part-time employment of more than 12, 000 personnel, professional and non-professional. The most frequently provided educational activity is that of special help in reading; but, academic assistance is given in practically all subject matter areas - -most frequently in language arts, mathematics, SCience, -80- industrial arts, and business education. Cultural experiences, principally in music and art, are provided. The supplemental service most frequently included in projects is the use of teacher aides. Also,nany boys and girls profit from health services, nutr itional service s, and spe cial programs in physical education and recreation. Too, guidance, counseling, a~1d psychological services, as well as home-school social work, are important aspects of many projects. The necessary equipment to carry out a project is purchased, but construction of school facilities is not the purpose of Title 1. Consequently, minor building or remodeling has been included in only extraordi~lary cases. Title I, generally, has created an awareness of the problems of the severely, economically and educatknally disadvantaged child. It has created desires to seek new answers to old problems--to innovate in the instructional process. It has furthered cooperative efforts of local school systems in working with other public and pr ivate agencie s - - including the non-public schools, civic groups, community action agencies, health departments, welfare offices, etc. Local school systems are be ing encouraged to involve parents in the planning and implementation of projects. Last year, approximately 4, ')')~ para-professionals, or teacher aides, were used in Title I projects as employees or volunteers. This is a new concept in educati.on in Georgia. Title I employed about 50 school nur se s and tripled the number of personnel employed in the area of psychological services. In many instances, services related to the instructional program and essential to a favorable learning situation were provided. Examples would be in the service s of coun3eling, health, dental, clothing, attendance, food, and transportation where these services were badly needed. -81- Title I has provided an extended school program for many children beyond regulQ.r hours, during the weekends, and especially during the summer months. It is during the summer that a real opportunity presents itself for making a significant contribution to the lives of disadvantaged children. Dur ing the summer, buildings are available, the most capable staff is accessible, and there are few restricting influences such as tight schedules, :rescribed courses of study, and the like. Also, there are abundant opportun- ities for cultural enrichment activities to be included in the school offerings, as well as field tr ips beyond the local community. In- service training of the professional staff, as well as of the teacher aides, is essential in carrying out a good Title I project. The most significant contr ibutiOl~s to the learning of disadvantaged children are made by per sons especially trained in methods of working with this particular kind of child. Title I money is probably most profitably spent in working with the younger children- - in preventing them from becoming severely retarded, rather than in remediation. Prior to the advent of Head Start in the summer of 1965 and of Title I in the regular school term of 1965-55, only three Georgia school systems had put any public tax money into kindergartens. During the past regualr school year, Title I funds operated kindergartens in 32 school systems; and, during the past summer, there were 64 school systems having Title I kindergartens. During fiscal year 1969, Title I will place a decreasing emphasis on the procurement of equipment and capital outlay, with a corre sponding increase of emphasis on activity programs and on related services. There will also be a closer monitoring of projects from the Georgia Department of Education. Each year we hope to improve the programs which we have in operi'i.tion; and we feel that 1969 will be no exception. -82- II. C. Status Report - Title II, ESEA - PL 89-10 The Title II Program of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act provides for grants to states for the purpose of improving and strengthening the educational quality and educational opportunities in the nation's elementary and secondary schools. Title II makes it possible for the teachers and students in both private and public schools to benefit from this part of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act. This program is financed 100% from federal funds. It is the intent of the Title II Program that the funds be allotted and spent so as to benefit the schools in eligible systems where the need for library resources, textbooks, and other instructional materials is the greatest. Title II funds must be used to supplement and not supplant funds expended from state, local, and private sources for the acquisition of such materials. Schools which have federal financial assistance deferred or terminated because of non-compliance with the Civil Rights Act of 1964, are not eligible for participation in the Title II Program. The United Sta tes Commissioner of Education has ruled that Title II project applications are to be considered as new projects and as such cannot be approved if the school submitting the application has been placed in a deferred status. The Title II Program in Georgia which is now in its fourth year of operation began in the 1965-66 school year with a state allotment of $1, 174, 000. This was increased to $2, 205, 000 for the 1966-67 school year. The amount received for the 1967 -68 school year was $2, 156, 555. While final action has not been taken by the Congress, the tentative Title II allotment to Georgia for fiscal year 1969 is $1, 002, 243 or less than half the amount received for fiscal year 1968. This, of course, is reflected in the amount allotted to each school. This severe reduction in Title II funds will be keenly felt in a great many situations where this greatly appreciated assistance will not be replaced by funds from other sources. Many administrators and librarians have stated that dollar for dollar the Title II money benefits the instructional program more than any other federal program. - 83 - Forty per cent of the State's Title II allotment is made available to schools on a per pupil basis. The remaining 600/[ is allotted on a basis of need using the economic index provided for in Georgia Senate Bill #] 80 in determining the formula for distribution. Each school pupil i.n grades one through twelve attending eligible schools in any given county in the State is entitled to receive the same amount. School systems are urged to distribute Title II funds within the system so that the schools with the least in library resources and other instructional materials will receive a proportionally greater allotment of Title II funds. Included in the materials purchased in Georgia with Title II funds during the 1967-68 school year are: Books - 594,668 Periodicals - 1, 918 Filmstrips - 7,369 Recordings - 7, 392 Slides and transparencies - 6,297 Textbooks - 71, 680 Maps, globes, etc. - 1, 186 These instructional materials have been and continue to be of inestimable value to the teachers and pupils in the schools of Georgia. The reduction in federal financial assistance under the Title II Program is most regrettable. It is the sincere hope of the Georgia school administrators that these funds can be restored. -84- . III. A. EST! MATED NUMBER OF EXCEPT! ONAl CH IlOREN Ages 3-5 * 1968-69 POPULATION .303,135 Educable Mentally Retarded 6,063 Trainable Mentally Retarded 909 Speech Impaired 10,610 Emot ional Iy I Disturbed (Xl U1 I Visually Impaired 6,063 303 Deaf 212 Hard-of-Hearing 1,516 Hospital/Homebound 909 Multi-Handicapped 606 Gifted 6,063 1969-70 305,813 6, 116 917 10,704 6, I 16 306 214 1,529 917 612 6, 116 1970-71 308,491 6,170 926 10,797 6,170 308 216 1,542 926 617 6,170 1971-72 311 , 168 6,223 934 10,891 6,223 311 218 1,556 934 622 6,223 1972-73 . 313,846 6,277 941 10,985 6,277 314 220, 1,569 941 628 6,277 1973-74 316,523 6,330 950 11 ,078 6,330 317 222 1,583 950 633 6,330 1974-75' 319,201 6,384 958 11 ,172 6,384 319 223 1,596 958 638 6,384 1975-76 321,879 6,438 966 11 ,266 6,438 322 225 1,609 966 644 6,438 TOTAL 33,254 33,547 33,842 34,135 34,429. 34,723 35,016 35,312 ,*Estimates based on projected birth rate increase 8-68 IILA. ESTIMATED NUMBER OF EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN Ages 6-17* 1968-69 POPULATION 1,189,128 Educable Mentally Retarded 23,783 Trainable Mentally' Retarded 3,567 Speech Impaired 41,619 Emotionally I Disturbed JO :J' I Visually Impaired 23,783 1,189 Deaf 832 Ha rd -of-Hea ri ng 5,946 Hospital/Homebound 3,567 Multi-Handicapped 2,378 Gi fted 23,783 1969-70 1,210,737 24,215 3,632 42,376 24,215 1,211 848 6,054 3,632 2,421 24,215 1970-71 1,232,346 24,647 3,697 43,132 - 24,647 1,232 863 6,162 3,697 2,465 24,647 1971-72 1972-73 1,253,955 . 1,275,564 25,079 25,511 3,762 43,888 3,827 44,645 25,079 1,254 878 6,270 3,762 2,508 25,079 25,511 1,276 893 6,378 3,827 2,551 25,511 1973-74 1,297,173 25,944 3,891 45,401 25,944 1,297 908 6,486 3,891 2,594 25,944 1974-75 . 1,318,782 1975-Z6 1,340,391 26,376 26,808 3,956 46,157 4,021 46,914 26,376 1,319 923 6,594 3,956 2,638 26,376 26,808 1,34O 938 6,702 4,021 2,681 26,808 TOTAL 130,447 132,81-9 135,189 *Estimates based on projected gross enrollment 137,559 . 139,930 142,300 144,671 147,041 8-68 lILA. ESTIMATED NUMBER OF EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN Ages 18-21 *;', 1968-69 POPULATION 308,322 Educable Mentally Reta rded 6,166 Trainable Mentally Retarded 925 Speech Impa ired 10,791 Emotionally Disturbed I Xl -J Visually Impaired I Deaf . 6,166 308 216 Ha rd-of-Hea ring 1,542 Hospital/Homebound 925 Multi-Handicapped 617 Gifted 6,166 1969-70 316,825 6,336 951 11 ,089 6,336 317 222 1,584 951. 634 6,336 1970-71 325,328 6,507 976 11 ,386 6,507 325 228 1,627 976 651 6,507 1971-]2 333,830 6,677 1,002 11 ,684 6,677 334 234 1,669 1,002 668 6,677 1972-73 342,333 6,847 1',027 11 ,982 6,847 342 240 1,712 1,027 685 6,847 1973-74 350,836 7,017 1,053 12,279 7,017 351 246 1,754 1,053 702 7,017 1974-75 359,339 7,187 1,078 12,577 7,187 359 251 1,797 1,078 719 7,187 1975-76 367,842 7,357 1,103 12,875 7,357 368 257 1,839 1,103 736 7,357 TOTAL 33,823 34.756 35,690 36,622 37,554 38,487 39,420 40,352 ;'n';Est imates based on. projected bi rth' rate increase 8-68 III. B. Estimated Incidence of Exceptional Children Area Visually Impaired Deaf Hard-of-Hearing Speech Impaired Multi-Handicapped Hos pital/Homebound Emotionally Disturbed Educable Mentally Retarded Trainable Mentally Retarded Gifted TOTAL Percentage 1 .07 5 3.5 2 3 2.0 2.0 3 2.0 10.97 -88- III. C. Services for Exceptional Children ]967-68 Area of Exceptionality Number of Units Number of Children Enrolled Number of School Systems EMR (Elementary) (Secondary) 566 775 209 8,753 4,447 13,200 130 TMR 39 431 15 SC 130 1/2 12,366 33 ED 40 1,481 .-0.,- 8 VI 37 371 7 H/H 53 1/2 1,932 16 IH 15 137 5 MH 10 107 6 COOR DINATORS 11 11 CONSULTANTS 14 4 TOTAL 1, 125 30,025 ** ':< 8 units in the ED program are located in Juvenile Detention Centers with 1108 children receiving an itinerant program. ,~,:< 131 of Georgia l s 195 School Systems provide one or more kinds of programs for Exceptional Children -89- III. D. 0 Z 0 H E-i Cl ril Po. Po. Z ~ 0 p:J p::; ~ ril U ril p::; p::; 0 ~ U H Cl Z ril ;:;E 0 ..:.:.r..:.:. :>-< U ~ ~ ~ 0 0 ::r:: U Vl ::r:: U ril ril Po. Vl ::r:: I H E-i ~ ~ ;:;E ~ E-i H Po. Vl 0 ::r:: Growth in Number of Classes for Handicapped Children 195 1 -1968 Cl ril >< ~ ~ ~ E-i Z rilCl ;:;Eril Cl r~ipl ::; p:J~ -< ~ ~ ~ E-i H ~ Po. ;:;E H Cl :>-< ~ ~ ZCl rilril ;:;ECl rilt:r:< 1r Vl t:r:< 0 E-i ~~ Vl E-i Z :>-< ~ ~ - ril E-i U U E-i Vl ;:;E rEi-li Cl ril V~l~>- ~O 0O>~- ::r:: U Vl 1951-52 11 9 1 21 13 1952-53 14 10 4 7 1 36 19 I 19:3-54 18 10 11 14 1 0'" I 1954-55 27 14 16 28 1 1 54 17 87 22 1955-56 20 11 20 40 1 1 1 94 28 1956-57 24 13 19 62 1 1 6 126 28 1957-58 35 15 21 104 1 1 6 183 45 1958-59 43 14 25 163 5 1 9 260 65 1959-60 52 14 26 261 5 2 14 2 3'76 86 1960-61 1961-62 51 12 27 297 65 10 32~ 321 6 1 22 6 6 26 6 5 422 85 471~ 96 1962-63 74 9 31~ 334 ~ 5 1963-64 82~ 10~ 33 ~ 394 ~ 6 26 9 5 5 24~ 12 5~ 6 494 92 569 96 1964-65 99 10 34 435 9 1965-66 124~ 10 41~ 538 12 1966-67 124~ 12 47~ 656 ~ 12~ 1967-68 131 ~ 10 53 ~ 775 15 26 25 6 25 31 15 30 39 28 37 39 39 6 644 106 8 5 797 120 10 8 950 122 11 14 1100 131 * NOT INCLUDED IN TOTALS ,~ :, ",~~);i'~;;t:.1~ III. E. 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'<: .o..... 18 South Georgia (Americus) 23 North Georgia (Clarke sville) 'i > 'i III AREA SCHOOLS III J ,J '. 16 13 38 19 10 10 17 16 ~5 14 10 16 16 9 ~O gO 9 12 11 11 11 10 14 Albany Area (Albany) Athens Area (Athens) Atlanta Area (Atlanta) Augusta Area (Augusta) Ben Hill-Irwin (Ocilla) ':' Carroll County Area (Carrollton) Columbus Area (Columbus) Coosa Valley Area (Rome) DeKalb Area (Clarkston) Griffin-Spalding Area (Griffin) Lanier Area (Oakwood) Macon Area (Macon) Marietta-Cobb Area (Marietta) Moultrie Area (Moultrie) Pickens County Area (Jasper) Savannah Area (Savannah) Swainsboro Area (Swainsboro) Thomas Area (Thomasville) Troup County Area (LaGrange) Upson County Area (Thomaston) Valdosta Area (Valdosta) Walker County Area (Rock Spring) Waycross - Ware County Area (Waycross) IV. A. Courses of Study for Area- Vocational- Technical Schools of Georgia -(fJ (fJ 0 I-t .OURSE OF STUDY KILLED OCC UPA TIONS '2" ..0r..l, rd U 0 ~ "(j .:: -rd ~ 0 0 ~ U U) u >- - - (/) - ~ - - - 0 Q) .-< - 0 .-< -rl S - Z S - < :> ~ S - - U (fJ ;J u (fJ Q) - - - (/) -rl - :s S - - - I-t ~ Cl E-t U (/) -< -< -< - .e- < - - < < < ~ - - P:: :s < < < < pIi1.. < < < < < < < 0 rd -b"n I-t 0 Q) rd -rl tlO I-t 0 Q) 0 0 ~ U > < < Ii1 LJ LJ (/) < S E-t < -B :s S E-t < < < < < ::> > (/) ......c.:, ;J 0 (/) ......c.:, I-t 0 Z Ii1 P:: >; (fJ .:: .:: rd Q) ..0 .-< ......c.:, rd rd Q) Q) I-t I-t >- (fJ ~~ rd Q) ..0 .-< '2" .0..., .-< .-< 0 I-t (fJ I-t ;J ...., ...., -;;j ~ rd ...., 0 .-< -;;j (fJ ;J b1) ;J ~~ -;;j .-< .-< -rl u rd U rd Q) I-t ..0 ;J .-< 0 U rd Q) I-t ..r.d., ~ ..-.r.d<., - -rl Q) .-< rd Q) "(j .-< rd rd Q) .-< rd I-t 0.. 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(/) rd Q) ~ I-t u 0 P:: ..>..,.:: rd ;J Q) 0 I-t U Q) ..>..,- I-t rd ~ 0I (fJ U (fJ I-t 0 >- Q) ~ I-t u .-< rd rd ~~ jr Conditioning & Heating ,rchitectural Drafting .utomobile Body ReI?~.~: .utomobile Me chanic s .viation Mechanics .arbering ,rick, Tile & Stone Masonry :arpentry & Cabinetmaking ;ommercial Art :osmetology 'arm Equipment Repair liesel Mechanics :lectrical Appliance Servicing ':lectrical Construction & Main. :lectrical Drafting 'abric Maintenance [ousewiring 1.dustrial Electricity ndustrial Sewing I. ! ndustrial Sewing Mechanic s 1achine Shop 0- 1echanical Drafting )ffice Machine Repair )ffset Printing )hotography )rinting ladio & TV Repair :hoe Repair :mall Gasoline Engine Repair ['extile Sciencp Jpholstering "latch Repair Velding -- f-- 9LL99L9LL96L1l999 9 9 . A '.L pU'e O~P'ecr A.IUOS'eJ!\I 8961-L96[ APPENDIX - C - Welfare 1. Georgia Welfare Goals '::: to provide all forms of public assistance including general horne relief, outdoor and indoor care of persons in need, old age assistance, aid to dependent children, and aid to the blind or otherwi se handicapped. (Acts 1937, pp. 355, 35~. ::::: to provide for the supervision of agencies and institutions caring for the aid of a dependent or mentally or physically handicapped or aged adult, and approval of the incorporation of charitable agencies and such other welfare activities or services. (Acts 1937, pp. 355, 359) >:< to supervise all correctional activities including the operation of all correctional institutions of the State together with parole, supervising, probation services, segregation of first offenders and the inspection of local jails. (Acts 1937, p. 355, 360). ::;:: to provide services to county governments for administration of the welfare functions, and the compilation of statistics and information relative to public welfare problems. (Acts 1937 pp. 355, 360). ::::: to make provisions for meeting the cost of hospital care for persons eligible for public assistance. (Acts 1957, pp. 386, 36~. ::::: to administer programs and service s appropriate to strengthen family life and help individuals obtain the maximum economic and personal independence of which they are capable. (Acts 1957, pp. 368, 370). >:< to promote, safeguard and protect the well-being and general welfare of the children and youth of the State through a comprehensive and coordinated program of public child welfare and youth services, providing for: social services and facilities for -95- children and youth who require care, control, protection, treatment or rehabilitation, and for their parents, setting of standards for social services and facilities for children and youth; cooperation with public and voluntary agencies, organizations, and citizens groups in the development and coordination of programs and activities in behalf of children and youth; and promotion of community conditions and resources that help parents to discharge their responsibilities for the care, development and well- being of their children. (Acts 1963, pp. 81, 82). ':< to identify and study the problems of youth, recommend and affect possible solutions, and work actively for state and local action to prevent children and youth from becoming inmates In our prisons, patients in our mental hospitals, and persons dependent upon public assistance programs. (Acts 1963, pp. 81,82). ':< to provide for preventing or remedying or assisting in the solution of problems which may re sult in neglect, abuse, exploitation or delinquency of child and youth; protecting and caring for homele s s, dependent, and neglected children and youth; protecting and promoting the welfare of children of working mothers; providing social services to children and youth and their parents; care for children and youth and mothers' bearing children out of wedlock; promotion of coordination and cooperation among organizations, agencies and citizen groups in community planning, organization and development of such service s; and otherwise strengthen their homes where possible, and where needed, by the provision of adequate care of children and youth away from their homes and foster family homes or day-care or other childcare facilities. (Acts 1963, pp. 81, 89). -96- ,;;: to establish and operate additional treatment and training facilities including parks, forestry camps, maintenance camps, ranges, and group residents necessary to classify and handle juvenile delinquents of different ages and different mental and physical conditions, according to their needs. (Acts 1963, pp. 81, 105). ':' to provide for the administration of all forms of public assistance in the county, including home relief, indoor and outdoor care for those in need, aid to dependent children, old age assistance, aid to blind and otherwise handicapped, the care and treatment of dependent, neglected, delinquent and handicapped children and such other welfare activities. (Acts 1937, pp. 355,365). ':' to initiate and cooperate with other agencies in developing measures for the prevention of blindness, the restoration of eyesight, and the vocational adjustment of blind persons including employment in regular industries, independent businesse s, sheltered workshops, or home industries, and the instruction of the adult blind in their home. (Acts 1937, pp. 568, 571; 1952, pp. 233, 234). ':' to furnish to those citizens of Georgia who are blind or who have not more than ten percent vision a means of supporting themselves and an opportuni ty for those mentally gifted to earn a living by working in short shifts as well as develop their talents for literature, poetry, music or otherwise; and to furnish a home to such workers as desire it, thereby removing them from degradation of paupery/or beggary, and to relieve counties of the expense of their upkeep in poorhouses. (Acts 1937, pp. 579,580). ::::: to provide for the clearance, replanning and reconstruction of the areas in which unsanitary or unsafe housing conditions exist, providing a safe and sanitary dwelling for persons of low income. (Acts 1937, pp. 210, 211). -97- ':' to assist in the rehabilitation of disabled individuals. (Acts 1937, pp. 210, 211). ':' to encourage the development and maintenance within the state of a comprehensive and coordinated network of public and pri vate facilities for the alleviation or correction of these limitations and disadvantages (maintaining their economic self-sufficiency and personal well-being, and realizing their maximum potentials as contributors to their community), and to encourage the conducting of continuous studie sand re search into the needs and problems of older people under pre sent and future economic and social conditions, because it is essential for the prevention of dependence and conservation of human values and a necessity in safe-guarding and fostering the general welfare. (Acts 1962, p. 604). ':' to promote health of and medical service s for the aging and working with professional associations, hospitals, and institutions; promote the rehabilitation of incapacitated older persons to promote greater and more suitable employment opportunities for older persons; to e stabli sh a program of re search and education on housing of the aged and to plan and promote recreational facili tie s for the aged; to develop a program of adult education de signed for older persons; to promote community education in the problems of older persons; and to enlist the aid of public and private agencies concerned with the welfare of the aged and study and report on the functions and facilities of governmental agencies and institutions charged with the care, control, protection and rehabilitation of the aging. (Acts 1962, pp. 604, 607). -98- APPENDIX - D - - Manpower 1. Georgia Manpower Goals ':' to investigate, study and undertake ways and means of promoting and encouraging the prosperous development and protection of the legitimate interest and welfare of Georgia business, industry, and commerce, within and outside of the State. (Acts 1962, pp. 694, 696). ':' to make and prepare plans and establish long te rm policie s for the promotion and establishment, development, and expansion of commerce and industry in the State. (Acts 1962, pp. 694, 696). ':' to promote and encourage the location, establishment and development of new business and industries within the State, and the development and expansion of busine s se sand industrie s now or hereafter located in the State. (Acts 1962, pp. 694, 696). >~:: to engage in and prom.ote and encourage research designed to further new or more extensive uses of the agricultural and natural resources or other projects or re source s of the state and de signed to develop new products and industrial processes. (Acts 1962, pp. 692, 697). ~::: to study trends and development in businesses, industry, and agriculture in the State, and analyze such trends and development and the reasons thereof; to study cost and other factors underlying the successful operation of businesses, and industries within the State; and to make recommendations regarding circumstances promoting and hampering industrial or agricultural development. (Acts 1962, pp. 692, 697). ':' to institute programs and financial assistance to communities, area organizations, industries, enterprises, and individuals in such redevelopment areas, there by as sisting such areas (geographical areas of substantial and persistent unemployment and underemployment) in establishing stable and diversified local economy and enhancing the domestic prosperity. (Acts 1964, pp. 728). -QQ- ':' to cooperate with political subdivisions, communities, and area development organizations, industries, enterprises, and indi viduals in their efforts to promote the expansion of industrial and commercial activities in redevelopment areas. (Acts 1964, pp. 728, 729). ':' to eliminate the discriminatory wage practices based on sex. (Acts 1966, p. 582). ':' to provide for the prevention of accidents or industrial occupational diseases in every employment or place of employment. (Acts 1958, p. 380; 1959, pp. 283, 294, 295). ':' to promote the voluntary arbitration, mediation, and consiliation of disputes between employees and employers, and to avoid s'i;rikes, picketing, walk-outs, boycotts, black list, discriminations, and legal procedings in matters of employment. (Acts 1958, p. 380, 1959, p. 283, 294, 295). ':' to provide that every employer shall furnish employment which shall be reasonably safe for the employees, and shall do every other thing reasonably necessary to protect the life, health, safety, and welfare of such employees. (Acts 1937, pp. 230, 240). ':' to provide that no minor under fourteen years of age shall be employed permitted or suffered to work in any gainful occupation at any time; provided that this law shall not be construed to apply to the work of a minor in agriculture, domestic service in 'private homes, or in employment by parent or a person standing in place of a parent. (Acts 1946, pp. 67, 68). ':' to encourage employers to provide more stable employment by the systematic accumulation of funds during periods of employment to provide benefits for periods of unemployment. (acts 1937, pp. 806, 807). ':' to provide for the compulsory setting aside of unemployment re serve funds to be used for the benefit of unemployed through no fault of their own. (Acts 1937, pp. 806, 807). -100- ~:~ to establish and lTIaintain free public elTIploylTIent office s (Acts 1937, pp. 806, 832; 1941, p. 548; 1945; 331, 332; 1947, pp. 651, 653, 654). ~:~ to provide training facilities for pre-release rehabilitation and to provide training of prisoners refined to the Georgia Penal System. (Acts 1960, pp. 880). -101- Bibliography General materials for this report were furni shed by the various state agency's publications, annual reports' and submitted materials. Other materials used are as follow: Ashby, Lowell D., Growth Patterns in Employment by County 1940-1950 and 1950-1960 , U. S. Dept. of Commerce, U. S. Government Printing Office, 1965. Echols, Frank H., A Survey of Labor and Skills Needs in Northeast Georgia, U. S. Dept. of Labor, Atlanta, Georgia, 1967. Fuller, Edmund, Thesaurus of Quotations, Crown Publishers; New York, 1941. Lecht, Leonard A., Manpower Requirements for National Objectives in the 1970's, Center for Priority Analysis, National Planning Association, Washington, D. C., February, 1968. Maddox, James G., The Advancing South, The Twentieth Century Fund, New York, 1967. Myers, Robert J., Social Insurance and Allied Government Programs, Richard D. Irwin, Inc., Homewood, Illinois, 1965. National Conference on Scoial Welfare, Mental Health and Social Welfare, Columbia University Press, New York, 1961. National Conference on Social Welfare, The Social Welfare Forum, 1966, Columbia University Press, New York, 1966. National Manpower Conference, The Rural to Urban Population Shift - A National Problem, U. S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C., 1968. Orr, Dorothy, A History of Education in Georgia, University of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill, N. C. Pumphrey, Ralph E. and Muriel W., The Heritage of American Social Work, Columbia University Press, New York, 1961. U. S. Department of Labor, Area Trends in Employment and Unemployment, Washington, D. C., May, 1968. U. S. Department of Labor, I See a Future . .. , Washington, D. C. -102- University of Georgia, Georgia Statistical Abstract 1968 , Athens, Georgia, Jul y, 1968. Washington State University, Guide to Health, Education, and Welfare Services, Division of GovernITlental St udies and Services and Planning and COITlITlunity Affairs Agency, Washington, June, 1968. U. S. DepartITlent of Labor, Handbook for Sponsors Standards and Procedures for Work-Training Experience PrograITls , Washington, D. C., April 1967. U. S. DepartITlent of COITlITlerce, Statistical Abstract of the United States-1967 , (88th Annual Edition), Bureau of the Census, Washington, D. C., 1967. Urban Growth and ProbleITls , Special COITlITlission on Urban ProbleITls, State of Michigan, Lansing, Michigan, January 17, 1968. -103- STATE ADVISORY COMMITTEE ON AREA PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT RANDALL M. WALKER, Altamaha Area Planning and Development Commission CHARLIE BROWN Atlanta Region Metropolitan Planning Commission W. T. THOMPSON Central Savannah River Area Planning and Development Commission JOHN J. HOOD, SECRETARY Chattahoochee-Flint Area Planning and Development Commission RALPH V. CROFT Coastal Area Planning and Development Commission KEITH REYHER Coastal Plain Area Planning and Development Commission FRED F. STARR, CHAIRMAN Coosa Valley Area Planning and Development Commission BRANSON L. DALTON Georgia Mountains Planning and Development Commission H. C. HEARN, JR. Georgia Southern Area Planning and Development Commission WILL PETERSON Heart of Georgia Planning and Development Commission ALTON FENDLEY Lower Chattahoochee Valley Area Planning and Development Commission WILLIAM P. THOMPSON, JR Middle Georgia Area Planning Commission DONALD J. BLOEMER Northeast Georgia Area Planning and Development Commission BEN E. GOOCH, JR Oconee Area Planning and Development Commission PETE J. GIBSON, VICE CHAIRMAN Slash Pine Area Planning and Development Commission STEVE A. ROOS Southwest Georgia Planning and Development Commission JIMMY CARTER West Central Georgia Planning and Development Commission -104- STATISTICAL REPRESENTATIVES (S.R.) AND PLANNING OFFICERS (P.O.) FROM STATE AGENCIES MR. BILL HELGEMO (S.R.) MR. HAROLD B. PARKER (P.O.) Commission on Aging MR. WILLIAM L. KINNEY (S.R. & P.O.) Department of Agriculture MRS. VIVIAN SUTHERLAND (S.R. & P.O.) Georgia Art Commission MR. GEORGE ARMSTRONG (S.R. & P.O.) Department of Audits MR. H. W. GOODLOE, JR. Department of Banking MR. RAY JONES (S.R.) MR. PETE HACKNEY (P.O.) State Budget Bureau MISS FLORENCE MOORE (S.R. & P.O.) Office of Comptroller General MR. L. E. WALTERS " " COL. PAUL E. INNECKEN " " State Board of Corrections Department of Defense DR. ALLEN C. SMITH " " Department of Education MR. CLINTON DYCKES(S.R.) MRS. FRANCIS E. STEWART (P.O.) Family and Children Services MR. C. FRANK ROBERTSON (S.R. & PoOo) Forest Research Council MR. GEORGE BISHOP (S.R. & P.O.) Georgia Forestry Commission MR. JAMES L. HARRINGTON (S.R. & P.O.) Game and Fish Commission VACANT MISS LUCILLE BROOKSHAW (P.O.) Department of Public Health MR. ROBERT C. KIRK (S.R.) MR. LELAND S. VEAL (P.O.) Department of Georgia Highway Georgia aistorical Commission MR. CARY EVANS (S.R.) COL. HAROLD A. DYE (P.O.) Department of Industry & Trade MR. O. H. STEPHENSON (S.R.) MR. JIMMY LAWRENCE (P.O.) Department of Labor MRS, MARY W. LANGFORD (S.R & P.O.) Department of Law MR. RALPH C. MOOR (S.R. & P.O.) State Merit System of Personnel -105- S'l'A'l'IS'rICAL RbP,RI:;SENTATIVL,S (S R ) AND PLANNING OFFICERS (P.O.) FROM STATE AGENCIES MR. A. S. FURCRON (S.R. & P.O.) Mines, Mining & Geology MR. EUBERT W. LINTHICUM, JR. (S . R. & P.O.) State Board of Pardons & Paroles MR . TON tviAS SEY (S. R. & P.O.) Department of State Parks MRS VIVA M. JONES (S . R. & P.On) State Board of Probation MR. GEORGE E. THURMOND (S R. & PuO.) Georgia Public Service Commission MR. THOMAS C. DRUMMOND (S. R. & P.O.) Recreation Commission MR. W. FRANK DELAMAR (S.Rn & P.O.) Employees' Retirement System of Ga. MR. PAUL MANGOLD (S.R. & P.O.) Department of Revenue LT. COL. L.G. BELL SS.R. & P.O.) Department of Public Safety MR. JOEL LAWSON (S.R. & P.O.) Georgia Science and Technology Comm. BR. BEN W. FORTSON, JR. (S.R. & P.O.) Secro:::tary of S:ate MR. JAMES E. YOUNG (S.R. & P.O.) Treasuy Department DR. HARRY S. DOWNS (S.R. & P.O.) University System of Georgia MR. ROBERT H. TOMLINSON, JR. (S.R. & P.O.) Department of Veterans Service MR. CHARLES C. BOOKER (S.R. & P.O.) State Board of Workmen's Compensation -106- PROGRESS .through. PLANNING NATURAL RESOURCES PLANNING TRANSPORTATION PLANNING HUMAN RESOURCES PLANNING ECONOMIC RESOURCES PLANNING COMMUNITY PLANNING MODEL CITIES COORDINATION APPALACHIAN REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT COASTAL PLAINS REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM (EDA) COORDINATION FEDERAL-STATE RELATIONS COORDINATION COMPREHENSIVE CRIME PREVENTION PLANNING COMPREHENSIVE JUVENILE DELINQUENCY PREVENTION PLANNING STATISTICAL COORDINATION STATE PLA~ I~G HI BEAU "Planning the orderly growth and development of Georgia..." GOV. LESTER MADDOX. EX-OFFICIO DIRECTOR H. OLIVER WELCH. STATE PLANNING OFFICER