GROUND-WATER QUALITY AND AVAILABILITY IN GEORGIA FOR 1987 by K. R. Davis and V. P. Trent GEORGIA DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION DIVISION GEORGIA GEOLOGIC SURVEY CIRCULAR 120 GROUND-WATER QUALITY AND AVAILABILITY IN GEORGIA FOR 1987 KENNETH R. DAVIS, PROJECT COORDINATOR GROUND-WATER MANAGEMENT PROGRAM VICTORIA P. TRENT, GEOLOGIST WATER USE PROGRAM The preparation of this report was financed in part through a grant from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency under the provisions of Section 106 of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, as amended. GEORGIA DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES J. LEONARD LEDBETTER, COMMISSIONER ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION DIVISION HAROLD F. REHEIS, ASSISTANT DIRECTOR GEORGIA GEOLOGIC SURVEY WILLIAM H. McLEMORE, STATE GEOLOGIST ATLANTA 1989 CIRCULAR 12D Section TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction Purpose Hydrogeologic provinces of Georgia Ground-water quality Ground-water use in Georgia, 1987 Introduction Ground-water use in Georgia Ground-water use for public supply Ground-water use for industry and mining Ground-water use for irrigation Other water-use categories Ground-water use by hydrologic unit Ground-water use by aquifer Ground-water quality in Georgia, 1987 Georgia Ground-Water Monitoring Network Cretaceous aquifer system Providence aquifer system Clayton aquifer system Claiborne aquifer system Jacksonian aquifer system Floridan aquifer system Miocene aquifer system Piedmont/Blue Ridge unconfined aquifers Valley and Ridge unconfined aquifers Summary and conclusions References cited Appendices A. Ground-water use data for Georgia, 1987 Table A-1. -Total permitted ground-water withdrawals by county in Mgal/day Table A-2. - Estimated ground-water withdrawals (Mgal/day), 1987 Table A-3. - Permitted public supply ground-water withdrawals by county in Mgal/day Table A-4. - Permitted industrial ground-water withdrawals by county in Mgal/day Table A-5. - Estimated ground-water withdrawals for irrigation in Mgal/day Table A-6. - Permitted commercial ground-water withdrawals by county in Mgal/day Table A-7. -Ground-water withdrawals for thermoelectric power generation in Mgal/day Table A-8. - Permitted ground-water use by Hydrologic Unit Code (HUC), 1987 Table A-9. - Permitted ground-water use by aquifer, 1987 1-1 1-1 1-2 1-4 2-1 2-1 2-4 2-6 2-6 2-9 2-12 2-12 2-14 3-1 3-1 3-6 3-10 3-13 3-16 3-20 3-23 3-27 3-30 3-34 4-1 4-8 A-1 A-3 A-7 A-ll A-15 A-19 A-23 A-27 A-29 A-31 iii Section Appendices (Continued) B. Analyses of samples collected during 1987 for the Georgia Ground-Water Monitoring Network B-1 Table B-1. - Standard water quality analysis: indicator parameters, Organic Screens #2 and #4, and ICP metal screen B-2 Table B-2. - Additional water quality analyses: cyanide, mercury, and Organic Screens, #1, #3, #5, and #7 B-3 Table B-3. - Additional water quality analyses: Organic Screens #8 and #9 B-4 Table B-4. - Additional water quality analyses: Organic Screen #10 B-5 Water quality analyses of the Cretaceous aquifer system B-7 Water quality analyses of the Providence aquifer system B-13 Water quality analyses of the Clayton aquifer system B-15 Water quality analyses of the Claiborne aquifer system B-17 Water quality analyses of the Jacksonian aquifer system B-19 Water quality analyses of the Floridan aquifer system B-21 Water quality analyses of the Miocene aquifer system B-35 Water quality analyses of the Piedmont unconfined aquifers B-37 Water quality analyses of the Blue Ridge unconfined aquifers B-41 Water quality analyses of the Valley and Ridge unconfined aquifers B-43 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Figure 2-1. - Ground-water use in Georgia, 1987 2-2. - Total ground-water withdrawals by county, Mgal/day, 1987 2-3. - Ground-water withdrawals for public supply, Mgal/day, 1987 . 2-4. - Ground-water withdrawals for industry, Mgal/day, 1987 2-5. - Ground-water withdrawals by industry, 1987 2-6. - Ground-water withdrawals for irrigation, Mgal/ day, 1987 2-7. -Major hydrologic units of Georgia 2-8. - Permitted ground-water withdrawals by river basin, Mgal/day, 1987 2-9. - Principal ground-water aquifers of Georgia 3-1. - Water quality of the Cretaceous aquifer system 3-2. - Water quality of the Providence aquifer system 3-3. - Water quality of the Clayton aquifer system 3-4. - Water quality of the Claiborne aquifer system 3-5. - Water .quality of the Jacksonian aquifer system 3-6. - Water quality of the Floridan aquifer system 3-7. -Water quality of the Miocene aquifer system 3-8. - Water quality of the Piedmont/Blue Ridge unconfined aquifers 3-9. - Water quality of the Valley and Ridge unconfined aquifers 2-3 2-5 2-7 2-8 2-10 2-11 2-13 2-15 2-16 3-8 3-11 3-14 3-18 3-21 3-25 3-28 3-31 3-35 l.V TABLES Page Table 2-1. - Annual precipitation for selected sites in Georgia 2-2 3-1. - Georgia Ground-Water Monitoring Network, 1987 3-2 3-2. - Standard water quality analysis of the Ground-Water Monitoring Network - drinking-water limits from the Georgia Rules for Safe Drinking Water 3-4 3-3. - The significance of parameters of a basic water- quality analysis 3-5 3-4. - Summary of ground-water quality analyses, Cretaceous aquifer system 3-9 3-5. - Summary of ground-water quality analyses, Providence aquifer system 3-12 3-6. - Summary of ground-water quality analyses, Clayton aquifer system 3-15 3-7. -Summary of ground-water quality analyses, Claiborne aquifer system 3-19 3-8. - Summary of ground-water quality analyses, Jacksonian aquifer system 3-22 3-9. - Summary of ground-water quality analyses, Floridan aquifer system 3-26 3-10. - Summary of ground-water quality analyses, Miocene aquifer system 3-29 3-11. - Summary of ground-water quality analyses, Piedmont unconfined aquifers 3-32 3-12. - Summary of ground-water quality analyses, Blue Ridge unconfined aquifers 3-33 3-13. - Summary of ground-water quality analyses, Valley and Ridge unconfined aquifers 3-36 4-1. - Average value of indicator parameters (parts per million) 1984 - 1987 4-3 4-2. - Nitrite/nitrate concentrations in all samples from monitoring stations that have yielded water with concentrations greater than 0.45 parts per million 4-4 4-JA. - Contaminants and pollutants detected by the Ground- Water Monitoring Network for south-central and south- eastern Georgia 4-5 4-3B. - Contaminants and pollutants detected by the Ground- Water Monitoring Network for southwestern Georgia 4-6 4-3C. - Contaminants and pollutants detected by the Ground- Water Monitoring Network for northern Georgia 4-7 v INTRODUCTION PURPOSE Circular 12D is the fourth in a continuing series of annual sum- maries of ground-water quality and availability in Georgia. This report is to be used by the Georgia Environmental Protection Division (EPD) to assess the effectiveness of its ground-water management activities. EPD is the principal State agency responsible for management of ground-water quality and allocation. The Division's management activities include issuance of permits for large ground-water withdrawals, mining, wastewater discharges, sanitary landfills, and facilities that treat, store, and/or dispose of hazardous materials. EPD also monitors potential sources of ground-water pollution and ambient ground-water conditions. Ground-water quality data in this report were derived from the State's Ground-Water Monitoring Network, maintained by the Georgia Geologic Survey Branch of EPD. Ground-water use data were obtained from the State's Water Use Program, a cooperative project of the Georgia Geologic Survey and the U.S. Geological Survey. This summary was prepared through the Georgia Ground-Water Management Program, a project of EPD, funded in part by a grant from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, for the purpose of coordinating ground-water related management activities throughout the State. Ground-water levels in Georgia are monitored through a cooperative project of the Georgia Geologic Survey and the U.S. Geological Survey. Water level trends are summarized annually as Open-File Reports of the U.S. Geological Survey. U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 88-323 (Joiner and others, 1988) presents ground-water data for 1987. 1-1 HYDROGEOLOGIC PROVINCES OF GEORGIA The hydrogeologic provinces in Georgia are defined by their gener- al geologic properties. They are the Coastal Plain Province of southern Georgia, the Piedmont/Blue Ridge Province occupying most of northern Georgia, and the Valley and Ridge/Cumberland Plateau Province of northwestern Georgia. Ground water in the Coastal Plain Province flows through interconnected granular pores of the host rocks and through solution-enlarged voids. Fractures and joints provide the permeability for ground-water flow in the Piedmont/Blue Ridge Province. The permeable features of the Valley and Ridge/Cumberland Plateau Province are principally fractures, joints, and solution voids. Intergranular porosity is also important in places. Georgia's Coastal Plain Province is underlain by a wedge of loosely consolidated sediments that gently dip and thicken to the south and east. The oldest, outcropping, sedimentary formations (Cretaceous) are exposed along the Fall Line, which is the northern limit of the Coastal Plain Province. Successively younger formations occur at the surface to the south and east. The Coastal Plain contains the State's major confined (artesian) aquifers. Confined aquifers are those which are overlain by a layer of impermeable material and contain water at greater-than-atmospheric pressures. Water enters confined aquifers 1n their updip outcrop areas where the permeable rocks of the aquifer are exposed. Ground-water flow through these aquifers is generally to the south and east, in the direction of dip of the the rocks. The seven major confined aquifers in the Coastal Plain range in age from Cretaceous to Miocene. The thickness and extent of these aquifers are determined by horizontal and vertical changes in the permeability of the rock units that form them and by the quality of ground water they contain. Several aquifers may be present in a single geographic area, forming a vertical 'stack.' ~e Cretaceous and Jacksonian aquifer systems (primarily sands) are commonly used as a source of drinking water within a 35-mile wide band that lies adjacent to and south of the Fall Line. Southwestern Georgia relies on three vertically stacked aquifers (sands and limestones) for drinking-water supplies: the Providence, Clayton, and Claiborne aquifer systems. A large area of south-central and southeastern Georgia is served by the Floridan aquifer system (mainly limestone). The Miocene aquifer system (sands and limestones) is the principal, 'shallow,' unconfined aquifer system occurring in the broad area underlain by the Floridan aquifer system. It becomes confined in the coastal counties and locally in the Grady-Thomas-Brooks-Lowndes Counties area. Crystalline rocks of metamorphic and igneous origin (primarily Paleozoic) underly the Piedmont/Blue Ridge Province. The principal water-bearing features are fractures and joints in the rock and the overlying soil/saprolite horizons. Thick soils and saprolites are often important as the 'reservoir' to the water-bearing fracture/joint systems. Ground-water flow is typically directed from local highlands towards discharge areas along streams. However, during prolonged dry periods or in the vicinity of heavy pumpage, ground water may flow from the streams into the fracture/joint systems. The Valley and Ridge/Cumberland Plateau Province is underlain by consolidated Paleozoic sedimentary formations. Dolostones and limestones of the Knox Group are the principal aquifers where they occur in the axes of broad valleys. Ground-water and surface-water systems are locally closely interconnected. The greater permeabilities of thick carbonate sections in this Province, in part due to solution-enlarged joints, permit development of more extensive aquifer systems than in the Piedmont/Blue Ridge Province. 1-3 In addition to geologic setting, ground-water quality and availability are also functions of the proximity of areas of recharge and discharge. Water levels and quality vary widely in response to rainfall, river/reservoir levels, evapotranspiration, and land use in recharge areas where surface water enters the ground~water flow system. Water availability and quality is relatively stable in downflow discharge areas, in contrast, but the waters tend to be more mineralized. GROUND-WATER QUALITY Experience has shown that the quality of shallow ground water is generally suitable for domestic use throughout the State. Iron and manganese are the only constituents that commonly occur in concentra- tions higher than those allowed by State drinking-water standards. These naturally occurring metal cations can cause staining of objects but do not pose a health risk. Both iron and manganese can be readily removed during the treatment process. No areally extensive occurrences of polluted or excessively con- taminated ground waters are known from north Georgia. Waters contain- ing high levels of total dissolved solids (salt water) are present in the deepest confined aquifers underlying most of south Georgia and 1n the lower section of the Floridan aquifer system along the coast. Shallower aquifers, with acceptable water quality, are present almost everywhere in the Coastal Plain. Both ground-water quality and availability are restricted in the Gulf Trough area of south Georgia. The Gulf Trough is a linear hydro- geologic anomaly that extends from southwest Decatur County through central Bulloch County. Naturally occurring ground-water contaminants associated with the Gulf Trough area include barium, sulfate, and radionuclides. These contaminants can be eliminated from drinking 1-4 water., 1n most cases, by proper well construction (i.e. casing off certain geologic horizons) or treatment. EPD has identified critical-use areas at Savannah and Brunswick where increased withdrawals could affect ground-water quality. Ground-water withdrawals for municipal and industrial use have created large cones of depression in the potentiometric surface of the Floridan aquifer system at Savannah and Brunswick and in other places in the coastal counties. These cones of depression increase the potential for contamination from deeply buried brines as well as ocean water. Both the Savannah and Brunswick areas are being monitored by EPD with a dense network of monitoring wells. Except for a small area on the Brunswick Peninsula, where upconing of salt water apparently has been ongoing for several decades, EPD's monitoring shows no evidence of further upconing or encroachment in coastal Georgia. Increased use of ground water for agricultural irrigation in the Dougherty Plain and adjacent Sand Hills area of southwestern Georgia will potentially increase hydraulic gradients through the unsaturated, or vadose, zone. Agricultural chemicals may not be effectively attenuated in such a situation because of increased flow rates in the vadose zone. Ground-water quality monitoring by EPD in the Dougherty Plain has not detected any traces of pesticides. However, more shallow monitoring wells in agricultural areas were added to the Monitoring Network in 1988. 1-5 GROUND-WATER USE IN GEORGIA, 1987 INTRODUCTION Ground water is an abundant cnatural resource in Georgia, espe- cially in the Coastal Plain Province. Ground water is the source of over 18% of all fresh water used in the State and 47% of all offstream use. Recharge to the ground-water system in Georgia is derived almost entirely from precipitation. The average annual precipitation is about 50 inches state-wide. It is estimated that 88% of rainfall runs off to streams or is lost to evapotranspiration, and about 12% enters the ground-water system as recharge (Carter and Stiles, 1983). A recent history of precipitation at specific sites across the State, along with the departure from normal for 1987, is given in Table 2-1. From this limited data, it is apparent that much of the State has suffered from a drought since 1986. Estimated ground-water withdrawals for 1987 totaled 1,229 million gallons per day (Mgal/day), an increase of slightly over 1% from the reported figure of 1,215 Mgal/day for 1986. Industrial ground-water withdrawals increased 5% from 349 Mgal/day in 1986 to 365 Mgal/day in 1987. Due to the prolonged drought, irrigation withdrawals remained high at 494 Mgal/day. Public supply withdrawals were 218 Mgal/day, showing no increase from 1986. Other withdrawals, including selfsupplied domestic, commercial, livestock, and thermoelectric uses, dropped slightly from 154 Mgal/day 1.n 1986 to 152 Mgal/day in 1987 (Figure 2-1). Irrigation remained the largest use category at 40.2% of all ground water withdrawn, whereas industrial withdrawals totaled 29.7%, public supply 17.7%, and other uses 12.4%. 2-1 Table 2-1. - Annual precipitation for selected sites in Georgia (inches) City 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 Departure Athens 48.06 32.89 49.60 53.78 49.85 38.40 36.01 35.84 -14.31 Atlanta 46.94 41.91 56.21 51.62 55.39 49.80 40.50 46.24 - 2.37 Augusta 39.24 44.38 41.09 52.67 44.27 38.28 43.74 41.17 - 1.90 N I Columbus 48.81 47.54 51.62 55.27 38.12 39.65 44.96 48.53 - 2.56 N Macon 38.51 48.09 48.74 51.10 44.01 35.92 38.49 38.12 - 6. 74 Rome 56.11 44.75 70.54 59.51 58.23 44.76 43.53 36.62 -17.59 Savannah 37.84 40.06 52.26 54.51 50.66 38.64 45.33 56.70 + 7.00 From: Climatological Data, Annual Summary, Volumes 86-92, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration IRRIGATION 494 MGAL/DAY PUBLIC SUPPLY 218 MGAL/DAY OTHER* 152 MGAL/DAY INDUSTRY. 365 MGAL/DAY * Other includes self supplied domestic, livestock, commercial, and thermoelectric uses. Figure 2-1. - Ground-water use in Georgia, 1987 2-3 For this report, permitted ground-water use was calculated from withdrawal amounts reported by users to the Water Resources Management Branch of Georgia's Environmental Protection Division (EPD). Permitted users are those who use 100,000 gallons or more per day. Small industries, couununities, and subdivisions that supply water for at least 25 people or that have a minimum of 5 hookups must also obtain permits. Irrigation estimates were calculated using the Cooperative Extension Service's 1986 Irrigation Survey. Estimates for withdrawals by nonpermitted users (such as livestock and self-supplied domestic uses) were based on user surveys, population figures, and previous studies by the Georgia Water Use Program. GROUND-WATER USE IN GEORGIA The largest ground-water users are con<:entrated in the Coastal Plain Province of south Georgia (Figure 2-2), wher~ the State's most productive aquifers are located. Farming is essential to the economy of the counties in the southwestern corner of the State, where irrigation use is highest. Along Georgia's coast, the paper and chemical industries are the largest ground-water users. In central Georgia, kaolin mining (i.e., mainly mine dewatering) is the largest ground-water use. Along with the industries, there are major population centers where public supply constitutes large withdrawals. A summary of permitted ground-water use by county 1s given in Table A-1, and estimated ground-water use by county for 1987 is presented in Table A-2 of Appendix A. 2-4 D o.oo- s.oo ~ 5.01 - 10.00 ~10.01- 90.00 Figure 2-2. - Total ground-water withdrawals by county, Mgal/day, 1987 2-5 GROUND-WATER USE FOR PUBLIC SUPPLY The public supply category includes water withdrawn by public and private water suppliers and delivered to users. Total water withdrawn by public suppliers in Georgia for 1987 was estimated to be 880 Mgal/ day, 25% of which was ground water. Data collected as of fall 1988, indicates that permitted public suppliers withdrew 156 Mgal/day in 1987. However, these data are incomplete, and the true withdrawal rate is expected to be close to the reported total for 1986 of 176 Mgal/day. A summary of permitted public supply withdrawals is presented in Table A-3. The 1987 estimated ground-water withdrawal rate for public supply was 218 Mgal/day, which includes water used by the permitted public suppliers and by smaller systems such as mobile home parks, trailer parks, and subdivisions. The counties withdrawing the largest amounts of ground water for public supply are scattered throughout the Coastal Plain Province (Figure 2-3). The high withdrawal rates in the counties correspond to the highly populated cities of Augusta, Warner Robins, Albany, Tifton, Thomasville, Valdosta, Brunswick, Savannah, and Douglas. GROUND-WATER USE FOR INDUSTRY AND MINING Self-supplied industrial and mining withdrawals were estimated at 365 Mgal/day for 1987, an increase of almost Si over the 349 Mgal/day reported for 1986. Industrial withdrawals totaled 29.7% of all ground water withdrawn in 1987. Permitted industries and mines withdrew 298 Mgal/day (Table A-4). The counties having the largest ground-water withdrawals for industry are scattered throughout the Coastal Plain (Figure 2-4), except for Chattooga County in the northwest, which has a large textile industry. The high-use counties along Georgia's [J 0.00 - 0.00 ~ 0.01- 5.00 ~ 5.01 - 40.00 Figure 2-3. - Ground-water withdrawals for public supply, Mgal/day, 1987 2-7 D o.oo- o.oo ~ 0.01- 5.00 ~ 5.01 - 70.00 Figure 2-4. - Ground-water withdrawals for industry, Mgal/day, 1987 2-8 coastline are supported by the paper and chemical industries, while the counties in central Georgia, along the Fall Line, are dependent on kaolin mining. The industries that withdrew the most ground water in 1987 are paper production (168 Mgal/day), chemicals production (117 Mgal/day), and mining/mineral production (47.5 Mgal/day) (Figure 2-5). GROUND-WATER USE FOR IRRIGATION Irrigation constitutes the largest ground-water use in the State, using 494 Mgal/day or 40.2% of all ground water withdrawn in 1987. The irrigation estimates for 1987 are based on the Cooperative Extension Service's (CES) biannual Irrigation Survey (unpublished data), last conducted in 1986. A brief summary of estimated irrigation withdrawals is presented in Table A-5. The CES estimated that a total of 1,120,386 acres of crops were being irrigated in the State in 1986, with 73.1% of all irrigation occurring in the southwestern district of the State (Figure 2-6). The total number of irrigation systems in use in 1986 was 11,886, with ground water supplying 39% of the systems. In 1986, 114 new irrigation wells were added in for a total of 4,628 state-wide. Continuing periods of drought through 1987 resulted in the Georgia General Assembly recognizing the need to regulate agricultural water users, who are the largest water users in the State. Beginning July 1, 1988, a permit is required for all ground-water and surfacewater withdrawals for agricultural uses of 100,000 gallons or more per day on a monthly average. EPD will issue and regulate the permits. 2-9 PAPER 167.9 MGAL/DAY CHEMICALS 116.8 MGAL/DAY I MINERALS 47.45 MGALj DAY TEXTILES 10.95 MGAL/DAY Figure 2-5. - Ground-water withdrawals by industry, 1987 2-10 D o.oo- o.oo ~ 0.01- 5.00 ~ 5.01 - 75.00 Figure 2-6. - Ground-water withdrawals for irrigation, Mgal/day, 1987 2-11 OTHER WATER-USE CATEGORIES Other water-use categories include self-supplied domestic, com- mercial, livestock, and thermoelectric uses. These withdrawals totaled 12.4% of all ground-water withdrawals in 1987, approximately 152 Mgal/day. Self-supplied domestic use is water used for normal household purposes, virtually all of which is supplied by wells and springs. Self-supplied domestic use was estimated to be 99 Mgal/day in 1985. This estimate is equal to the self-supplied population multiplied by 75 gallons/day (average per capita domestic use). Estimates for 1987 are not available but are expected to be similar to 1985. Commercial users include restaurants, hotels, retail stores and other businesses, government and military facilities, prisons, schools, hospitals, recreational facilities, and others. For 1987, ground-water withdrawals by commercial users were estimated at 20.8 Mgal/day, with permitted users withdrawing 6.5 Mgal/day (Table A-6) and nonpermitted users withdrawing an estimated 14.3 Mgal/day. Most commercial users obtain their water from public water systems. Thermoelectric power generation uses only a very small amount of ground water, primarily for boiler make-up water and sanitary supply in the power plants. Ground-water withdrawals for thermoelectric power generation totaled 6.3 Mgal/day in 1987 (Table A-7). GROUND-WATER USE BY HYDROLOGIC UNIT The state of Georgia is divided into 9 major hydrologic units, or drainage basins, and 52 sub-basins (Figure 2-7). Drainage basins are catchment areas for precipitation. Because precipitation is the principal source of recharge to the ground-water system, it l.S 2-12 EXPLANATION HYDROLOGIC UNIT CODE ... 0~60.102~02-----y.,. ...- 35' Region~ ....,_,.----Accounting Unit 03 0 6 010 5 o3tllro'z / I -:-),. Baaln~.==r-:-. ' Subregion Drainage L...r' L...t:::!...._ Cataloging Unit -'-""'!:::::::.._ Sub-baatna ,. .,. 32' ,. ,,. .,. 10 20 30 40 50 MILES 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 I Burke County 1987/04/22 7.8 3.7 0.6 33.9 1.9 GVN-K018A Buena Vista 16 Marion County 1987/03!19 5.7 3.0 0.4 1.4 ND G\IN-K019 5.7 0.5 0.4 1.6 0.5 Hephzibah, Murphy Street Yell (13) Richmond County 1987/04/21 GVN-K019 5.0 0.6 0.4 Hephzibah, Murphy Street Yell (#3) Richmond County 1987/09/23 1.4 ND ug/L Ug/L mg/l mg/L mgN/L ug/L ug/L umo/cm 10 10 0.1 2.0 0.02 10 10 360 ND 2.1 2.6 0.38 ND NO 28 195 10 3.2 4.0 NO 29 49 179 210 ND 3.1 5.2 0.08 ND NO 32 10 ND 2.1 NO 0.08 ND NO 19 15 ND 3.6 2.7 0.04 ND ND 18 Other Parameters Detected Other Screens Tested 10 Hg,1,3,5,8, 9,10 Al = 85 ug/L 10 CHC l~ = 9.8 ug/L Chid brmeth ~ 1.9 ug/L Dlchlbrmeth . - 4.2 ug/L Cu = 25 ug/L 10 Cu = 16 ug/L 10 B-12 WATER QUALITY ANALYSES OF THE PROVIDENCE AQUIFER SYSTEM PARAMETERS pH Ca Mg Na IC Fe Mn Cl so.. N02 Ba Sl" Spec. &NOs Cond. Othel" Pal"ametel"s Detected Othel" Screens Tested UNITS su DETECTION LIPtiTS --- ----------mg/L---------0.0 0.0 0.0 0.5 ug/L ug/L mg/l mg/L mgN/L ug/L ug/L Llli'lo/cm 10 10 o. 1 2.0 0.02 10 10 Well IDt GWN-PD001 8.8 7.9 0.8 74.6 2.0 1870 ND 4.0 4.7 ND TW 10 - Albany Doughel"ty County 10/27/1987 ND 90 354 tlll ...I... GWN-PD002A w Preston t1 6.5 7.5 0.5 1.6 0.8 Webster COW'Ity 03/19/1987 12 ND 3.1 ND 0.39 20 13 55 Al =1,930 ug/L Ti =55 ug/L V =11 ug/L Zn =33 ug/L 1,3,5,10 GWN-PD003 Fort Gaines t2 Clay COl.llty 11/18/1987 8.2 6.0 1.1 76.2 1.3 20 ND 10.8 12.4 ND ND 105 352 GWN-PD004A Americus t3 Sunter COW'Ity 03/19/1987 7.2 32.1 1.9 2.8 2.4 125 18 2.1 9.0 0.06 ND 210 187 1,3,5,10 B-14 WATER QUALITY ANALYSES OF THE CLAYTON AQUIFER SYSTEM PARAMETERS pH Ca Mg Na K Fe Mn Cl so4 N0 2 Ba Sr Spec. &NOS Cone!. Other Parameters Detected UNITS su DETECTION LIMITS --- -------mg/L---------0.0 0.0 0.0 0.5 ug/L ug/L mg/l mg/L mgN/L ug/L ug/L umo/cm 10 10 0.1 2.0 0.02 10 10 Well ID# G\IN-CT001 7.6 10.0 4.8 34.3 2.7 Turner City Well Dougherty County 1987/10/26 980 17 3.0 11.3 ND 14 260 249 b:l GWN-CT002A 7.7 37.8 3.2 5.9 1.5 ..I... Burton Thomas Well V1 S~JJ~ter County 1987/10/08 44 ND 2.6 20.0 ND ND 330 227 Zn = 26 ug/L G\IN-CT003A 7.8 23.1 3.1 20.8 2.4 Dawson, Lemon St. Well Terrell County 1987/10/08 21 ND 3.1 9.6 NO NO 485 218 G\INCT004 7.5 42.3 3.4 4.6 1.7 C.T. Martin TW 2 Randolph County 1987/10!29 150 NO 3.0 10.1 NO NO 295 245 GWN-CT005A 7.5 51.3 3.6 1.7 1.1 Cuthbert #3 Randolph County 1987/10/08 365 30 5.2 13.9 NO 15 155 281 Other Screens Tested 1,3,5 1,3,5,10 1,3,5 1,3,5, 10 PARAMETERS YATER QUALITY ANALYSES OF THE CLAYTON AQUIFER SYSTEM pH Ca Mg Na IC Fe Mn Cl so4 N02 Ba Sr Spec. &NOs Cond. UNITS su DETECTION LIMITS --- ----------mg/L---------0.0 0.0 0.0 0.5 ug/L ug/L mg/l mg/L mgN/L ug/L ug/L umo/an 10 10 0.1 2.0 0.02 10 10 Yell ID# GW-CT006B 7.3 126.1 3.8 6.7 3.1 14400 460 8.8 70.1 NO Fort Gaines Test Well Clay County 1987/11/18 45 200 557 Other Parameters Detected Ni = 25 ug/L V = 15 ug/L Zn : 240 ug/L tJI .,I_ Q\ Other Screens Tested 1,3,5 WATER QUALITY ANALYSES OF THE CLAIBORNE AQUIFER SYSTEM PARAMETERS pH Ca Mg Na IC Fe Mn Cl so4 NOf Ba Sr Spec. &NOS Cond. Other Parameters Detected UNITS su DETECTION LIMITS -- ----------ag/L---------0.0 0.0 0.0 0.5 ug/L ug/L 1119/l 119/L 1119N/L ug/L ug/L umo/cm 10 10 0.1 2.0 0.02 10 10 Well JD# GWN-CL001 7.3 50.0 8.6 8.4 2.9 TW 5-Albany Dougherty County 1987/10!27 570 NO 5.0 2.9 NO ND 385 329 tlll ..I... GWN-CL002 ...... Unadilla 13 Dool y County 1987/10/07 7.3 38.4 0.6 1.3 0.5 28 ND 3.1 7.5 0.17 12 115 197 Al = 40 ug/L GWNCL003 Pete Long TW 2 Lee County 1987/10/07 5.4 1.3 0.3 1.4 liD 730 18 5.2 liD NO liD 14 19 GWN-CL004 Plains 13 Sunter County 1987/03/19 5.0 1.8 1.2 4.1 0.8 115 61 7.6 NO 3.10 17 14 53 Al = 31 ug/L Cu = 22 ug/L Y = 12 ug/L Zn = 33 ug/L GWN-CL005 4.3 4.7 2.7 3.7 3.6 Shellman #2 Randolph County 1987/10/08 37 460 15.5 ND 6.75 61 40 110 Al = 255 ug/L Co = 20 ug/L Cu = 29 ug/L Y = 65 Ug/L Zn = 26 ug/L Other Screens Tested 1,3,5 1,3,5 1,3,5,10 PARAMETERS YATER QUALITY ANALYSES OF THE CLAIBORNE AQUIFER SYSTEM pH Ca Mg Na K Fe Mn CL so4 N02 Ba Sr Spec. &NOS Cond. UNITS su DETECTION LIMITS --- ----------mg/L---------0.0 0.0 0.0 0.5 ug/L ug/L mg/L mg/L mgN/L ug/L ug/L umo/cm 10 10 0.1 2.0 0.02 10 10 Yell ID# GYN-CL006 8.0 34.7 8.3 18.4 3.5 Georgia Tubing Company Yell Early County 1987/11!18 73 ND 6.0 3.9 ND ND 460 297 g, GYN-CL007B 7.7 54.8 2.0 2.6 1.3 ..I... Vet. Memorial State Park TY 2 00 Crisp County 1987/03/16 260 11 3.1 6.0 1.42 ND 185 288 Other Parameters Detected Other Screens Tested 1,3,5 PARAMETERS WATER QUALITY ANALYSES OF THE JACKSONIAN AQUIFER SYSTEM pH Ca Mg Na K Fe Hn Cl so4 N02 Ba Sr Spec. &No3 Cond. UNITS su DETECTION liMITS --- ---------mg/l---------0.0 0.0 0.0 0.5 ug/l ug/L mg/l mg/L mgN/l ug/L ug/l umo/cm 10 10 0.1 2.0 0.02 10 10 Well ID# GWN-J001 Vidette #1 Burke County 1987/04/22 1:7:1 ...I.. GWN-J001 \0 Vidette #1 Burke County 1987/09124 7.7 57.3 0.9 3.8 ND 7.2 58.1 0.9 4.0 ND 17 ND 9.4 2.0 3.70 51 31 329 14 NO 10.4 2.4 2.50 51 33 326 GWN-J002 7.9 44.9 1.3 ?.7 1.6 Girard Elementary School Well Burke County 1987/04121 ND ND 3.2 ND 0.06 ND 98 261 GWN-J002A 6.8 43.0 0.9 1.5 0.7 Oakwood Village MHP #2 Burke County 1987/09123 49 ND 3.1 ND 0.50 59 60 237 G\IN-J003 7.6 33.8 6.1 9.7 1.6 J. W. Black Well, Canoochee Emanuel County 1987/01/28 115 110 9.1 NO NO 705 295 246 Other Parameters Detected Zn = 10 ug/L Zn = 93 ug/L Zn = 38 ug/l Other Screens Tested 1,3,5 1,3,5 1,3,5, 10 1,3,5,10 1,5,10 WATER QUALITY ANALYSES OF THE JACKSONIAN AQUIFER SYSTEM PARAMETERS pH Ca Mg Na K so" Fe Mn Cl N02 Ba Sr Spec. &NOs Cond. Other Parameters Detected UNITS su ---------mg/L---------- Ug/L ug/L mg/l mg/L mgN/L ug/L ug/L Llltlo/cm DETECTION LIMITS --- 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.5 10 10 0.1 2.0 0.02 10 10 Well ID# G\INJ004 7.6 48.1 1.7 2.7 0.9 Wrightsville #4, North Myrtle Street Well Johnson County 1987/01/29 10 ND 2.5 5.0 0.51 25 155 257 ~ GWNJ004 7.5 55.2 1.4 2.6 1.1 I N Wrightsville #4, North Myrtle Street Well 0 Johnson County 1987/06!23 25 ND 3.1 2.9 0.62 45 145 277 GWNJ005 7.7 65.3 2.5 3.0 2.1 Cochran #3 Bleckley Comty 1987/06/24 225 26 2.1 13.5 0.02 10 235 360 GWNJ006 7.2 24.6 1.0 1.5 0.5 Wrens #4 Jefferson Comty 1987/04!22 215 13 2.1 9.0 ND 13 91 151 Zn V = 15 ug/L Zn = 10 ug/L Zn =35 Ug/L Zn = 19 ug/L GWNJ006 6.5 24.9 1.0 1.5 ND Wrens #4 Jefferson County 1987/09/24 215 12 2.1 7.3 ND 13 100 148 Other Screens Tested 1,5 1,5 1,3,5,10 1,5, 10 1,5, 10 PARAMETERS YATER QUALITY ANALYSES OF THE FLORIDAN AQUIFER SYSTEM pH Ca Mg Na K Fe Mn Cl so.. N02 Ba Sr Spec. &NOS Cond. UNITS su DETECTION LIMITS --- --------mg/L---- 0.0 0.0 o.o 0.5 Well ID# G\INPA001 Thunderbolt #1 Chatham County 05/27/1987 -~ I N G\INPA002A Savamah #6 Chatham County 05!27!1987 7.8 26.6 9.9 17.3 2.4 7.9 24.1 8.5 11.4 1.8 G\INPA003 7.9 29.6 8.0 9.8 1.8 Layne-Atlantic Well, Savannah Chatham County 05/27/1987 GWNPA004A 8.0 31.1 22.4 38.5 4.2 Tybee Island #2 Chatham County 05/27/1987 GWNPA005A 7.9 25.4 15.2 16.1 2.8 Interstate Paper Company #2, Riceboro Liberty County 12/09/1987 ug/L ug/L mg/l mg/L mgN/L ug/L Ug/L llltlo/cm 10 10 o. 1 2.0 0.02 10 10 ND ND 16.7 6.7 ND 11 405 256 ND NO 5.2 6.0 ND 12 305 215 33 ND 6.2 6.0 ND 21 315 226 ND NO 29.2 100.0 ND NO 1,400 483 20 ND 6.9 44.2 0.04 30 480 307 Other Parameters Detected Other Screens Tested 8,9 8,9 PARAMETERS WATER QUALITY ANALYSES OF THE FLORIDAN AQUIFER SYSTEM pH Ca Mg Na IC Fe Mn Cl so4 N02 Ba sr Spec. &NDa Cond. UNITS su DETECTION LIMITS --- ----------mg/L--------0.0 0.0 0.0 0.5 ug/L ug/L mg/l mg/L mgN/L ug/L ug/L Ltltio/cm 10 10 0.1 2.0 0.02 10 10 Well ID# GWN-PA006 Hinesville #5 Liberty County 12/09/1987 7.0 22.4 12.3 14.1 2.4 23 ND 6.4 27.4 0.11 23 395 266 t:l:l GWN-PA007 7.7 42.5 27.4 25.0 1.9 I N Darien New Well N Mcintosh County 12/09/1987 78 ND 26.6 179.1 0.04 56 810 535 GWN-PA008 7.8 29.3 17.2 17.4 2.5 ITT/Rayonier #40, Doctortown Wayne County 12/09/1987 ND ND 9.8 71.6 0.04 78 605 355 GWN-PA009A 7.2 40.4 25.3 13.9 1.6 Brunswick Pulp and Paper Company South 1 Glynn County 12/08!1987 24 ND 18.7 125.3 0.03 50 455 457 GWN-PA009B 7.6 87.4 54.1 123.0 3.2 Brunswick Pulp and Paper Company South 2 Glynn County 12/08!1987 240 ND 267.5 358.