HYDROGEOLOGY OF THE GORDON AQUIFER SYSTEM OF EAST-CENTRAL GEORGIA Rebekah Brooks, John S. Clarke, and Robert E. Faye Prepared as part of the ACCELERATED GROUND-WATER PROGRAM in cooperation with the DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION DIVISION GEORGIA GEOLOGIC SURVEY INFORMATION CIRCULAR 75 Geologic Units In this report several geologic formations of the Coastal Plain of Georgia and adjacent areas in South Carolina have been combined into regional stratigraphic units based on their similar lithology, stratigraphic position, and geologic age. Each regional unit has been assigned an informal name taken from the established geologic formations of the sQutheastern Coastal Plain that best represent the lithologic character of the unit. For example, the lower Huber-Ellenton unit of this report includes strata of the lower part of the Huber Formation of eastern Georgia and the Ellenton Formation of South Carolina. Front Cover: Schematic drawing of cross-bedded sand and clay in the kaolin district, east-centra~ Georgia. Drawing by: Ellie Black HYDROGEOLOGY OF THE GORDON AQUIFER SYSTEM OF EAST-CENTRAL GEORGIA By Rebekah Brooks, John S. Clarke, and Robert E. Faye Prepared as part of the Accelerated Ground-Water Program in cooperation with the Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey Department of Natural Resources J. Leonard Ledbetter, Commissioner Environmental Protection Division Harold F. Reheis, Assistant Director Georgia Geologic Survey William H. McLemore, State Geologist Atlanta, Georgia 1985 INFORMATION CIRCULAR 75 TABLE OF CONTENTS Abstract ............................................................. Introduction . ........................................................ . Purpose and scope .................................... Previous investigations ......................................... Methods of study .......................... Well-numbering system......................... Acknowledgments .. ............................... Geology . ............................. Regional setting ................................................. . Geologic units .................................. Upper Cretaceous strata Paleocene strata Lower Huber-Ellenton unit Baker Hill-Nanafalia unit Eocene strata .............................. Upper Huber-Tallahatta unit Lisbon-McBean unit ......................... Barnwell unit ........................... Relation of lithology to depositional environments Strueture Hydrology . ......................................... .......................... Aquifer nomenclature Definition of the Gordon aquifer system Aquifer system geometrY Altitude of aquifer system boundaries Thickness ........................... Aquifer and well properties Transmissivity and specific capacity ................................................ Well yields . ................................................ Recharge Discharge .. ................................... Ground-water levels .. ............................ Water-level fluctuations . ....................... Potentiometric surface Estimated 1934-68 potentiometric surface November 1981 potentiometric surface Long-term water-level declines Water quality ........................................................ . Water use . ........................... . Well construction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........ Summary ................................................ Selected references . .................................... ...... Append! ces .................... .................. Appendix A--Record of selected wells Appendix B--Chemical analyses of water from the Gordon aquifer system .............................. Page 1 1 1 2 2 5 5 7 7 7 7 7 7 9 9 9 10 10 11 11 11 11 13 13 13 15 15 15 15 15 18 21 21 21 22 25 25 28 28 28 32 34 38 38 41 iii LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Page Figures 1-7. Map showing: 1. Location of study area, physiographic provinces, and areas covered by investigations as part of the Upper Cretaceous-lower Tertiary aquifer study ........................................ 3 2. Location of wells and hydrogeologic sections 4 3. Number and letter designations for 7.5-minute quadrangles covering east-central Georgia 6 4. Structural features, outcrop area, and altitude of the top of the Gordon aquifer system 12 5. Structural features, outcrop area, and altitude of the base of the Gordon aquifer system 14 6. Approximate thickness of the Gordon aquifer system............................................ 16 7. Aquifer transmissivity, and yield and specific capacity of wells tapping the Gordon aquifer system ............ , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Figure 8. Schematic diagram showing head differences between the Jacksonian aquifer and Gordon aquifer system in Jeffer- son County; between the Gordon and Midville aquifer systems in Burke County; and between the Gordon, Dublin, and Midville aquifer systems in Laurens County 19 9. Map showing estimated ground-water discharge to streams from aquifers in east-central Georgia, October- November 1954 .... ,.................................. 20 10. Graphs showing the relation of water-level fluctuations in wells herein assigned to the Gordon aquifer system (wells ZW-15 and ZW-7) to pumping from a Cretaceous well (well 35-H) and to precipitation, Aiken and Barnwell Counties, South Carolina, November 1952 to January 1953............................................ 21 11. Graphs showing the relation of water-level fluctuations at observation well 31Z13 at Vogtle Nuclear Plant, Burke County, to monthly precipitation at National Weather Service station 9194 (Waynesboro 2 NE), July 1971 to July 1972.................................. 22 Figures 12-14. Map showing: 12. Estimated potentiometric surface of the Gordon aquifer system, 1934-68 23 13. Potentiometric surface of the Gordon aquifer system, November 1981 ..... , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 14. Water-level declines in the Gordon aquifer system, 1939-81............................................ 26 Figure 15. Graphs showing intermittent measurements of the water level in the Gordon aquifer system at well 26X1 and average daily ground-water withdrawals by the city of Louisville, Jefferson County, 1958-82 27 16. Map showing dissolved-solids concentrations in ground water from the Gordon aquifer system 29 iv Figure 17. 18. LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS--Continued Page Map showing distribution of hardness as CaC03 in ground water from the Gordon aquifer system 30 Diagram showing relation of well construction to geophysical and lithologic logs in well 28W4, near Midville, Burke CountY 33 Plate PLATES In pocket 1. Hydrogeologic sections A-A' and B-B'. 2. Hydrogeologic sections C-C' and D-D', and list of wells on hydrogeologic sections. TABLES Table 1. Generalized correlation of geologic and hydrologic units of Late Cretaceous and Tertiary age in Georgia........... 2. Estimated water use for the Gordon aquifer system, 1980.... Page 8 31 v CONVERSION FACTORS For use of readers who prefer to use SI (metric) units, conversion factors for terms used in this report are listed below: Multiply foot (ft) inch (in.) mile (mi) square mile (mi2) gallon per minute (gal/min) million gallons per day (Mgal/d) .!!z 0.3048 25.4 1.609 Area 2.590 Flow 0.06309 0.04381 43.81 To obtain meter (m) millimeter (mm) kilometer (km) square kilometer (km2) liter per second (L/s) cubic meters per second (m3/s) liter per second (L/s) Concentration part per million 1 1000 milligrams per liter (mg/L) micrograms per liter (pg/L) Transmissivity foot squared per day (ft2/d) 0. 0929 meter squared per day (m2/d) Specific capacity gallon per minute per foot [(gal/min)/ft] 0.207 liter per second per meter [(1/s)/m] Specific conductance micromho per centimeter 1 at 25 Celsius (llmho/cm at 25C) microsiemens per centimeter at 25 Celsius (pS/cm at 25C) degrees Fahrenheit (F) degrees Celsius (C) Temperatures 5/9(F-32) 9/5(C+32) degrees Celsius (C) degrees Fahrenheit (F) vi HYDROGEOLOGY OF THE GORDON AQUIFER SYSTEM OF EAST-CENTRAL GEORGIA By Rebekah Brooks, John S. Clarke, and Robert E. Faye ABSTRACT Interlayered sand, silt, and clay of middle Eocene to late Paleocene age in east-central Georgia form the Gordon aquifer system which ranges in thickness from about 20 to 180 feet. Estimated transmissivities range from 620 to 13,000 feet squared per day. During 1980, approximately 24 million gallons per day was withdrawn from the Gordon aquifer system, of which about 70 percent was used for irrigation. Water levels in the aquifer throughout the study area generally showed little change during 1934-68; however, during 1969-81, local declines as great as 33 feet have occurred in areas of increased irrigation or large-scale municipal and industrial pumping. The Gordon aquifer system is recharged by precipitation in the outcrop area and in interstream drainage divides in and near the outcrop area, and by leakage through adjacent confining units. Discharge from the aquifer occurs predominantly as flow into streams or as leakage into underlying and overlying units. Water from the Gordon aquifer system is generally a calcium bicarbonate type that ranges from soft to hard, and in most areas has constituent concentrations that are within the Georgia Environmental Protection Division recommended drinking water standards. INTRODUCTION Purpose and Scope Recent increases in agricultural, industrial, and municipal ground-water use in the Coastal Plain of Georgia and resulting decreases in water levels of up to 33 feet since 1969, have caused concern about the availability and management of ground-water supplies. Definition of major aquifer systems and their characteristics in this area is needed to understand the effects of man's activities on the ground-water system. This study, conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Georgia Department of Natural Resources, Environmental Protection Division, Geologic Survey, is one of a series that describes areally extensive aquifer systems within Upper Cretaceous and lower Tertiary sediments of Georgia, being done as part of the Georgia Accelerated GroundWater Program. In this series, two reports describe aquifers in southwest Georgia and this report is one of three that describe aquifer systems in eastcentral Georgia (fig. 1). This report defines the Gordon aquifer system which consists of sediments of late Paleocene to middle Eocene age. The purpose of the report is to describe the geology and the hydrologic characteristics of the aquifer system. The general area of study covers about 9,200 mi2 1 in 26 counties in the east-central part of the Coastal Plain of Georgia, and is generally bordered on the west by the Ocmulgee River, on the east by the Savannah River, and on the north by the inner margin of the Coastal Plain (fig. 1). Previous Investigations The general geology and hydrology of the Coastal Plain sediments of Georgia have been discussed in early publications by Stephenson and Veatch (1915), Cooke (1943), and Herrick and Vorhis (1963). Geohydrologic reports primarily concerned with the study area include LaMoreaux (1946), LeGrand and Furcron (1956), LeGrand (1962), Siple (1967), Marine and Root (1978), Faye and Prowell (1982), and Vincent (1982). Recent detailed geologic investigations of sediments in the study area are provided by Cramer and Arden (1980), Gohn and others (1982), and Prowell and others (1985). Stratigraphic interpretations include definition of the Huber Formation by Buie (1978), the Barnwell Formation by Huddlestun and Hetrick (1979), and the Baker Hill Formation by Gibson (1982). Time-stratigraphic interpretations from paleontological data are provided by Tschudy and Patterson (1975), Prowell and others (1985), and L.E. Edwards and N. 0. Frederickson (U.S. Geological Survey, written commun., 1982-83). Lithologic descriptions of selected wells in the Coastal Plain of Georgia are included in Herrick (1961) and Applin and Applin (1964). Studies pertinent to faulting or structural anomalies in the Coastal Plain include a discussion of the Belair Fault by Prowell and O'Connor (1978). Other publications which provided useful information in the study area include guideb~oks by Herrick and Counts (1968), P~ckering (1971), Huddlestun and others (1974), and Nystrom and Willoughby (1982) and several consultants' reports. Methods of Study During 1980-81, four test wells were drilled in the central part of the study area along a line approximating the strike of the inner margin of the Coastal Plain (fig. 2). The Arrowhead test well (18T1) is in northern Pulaski County, the Laurens test well 3 (21U4) is southeast of Dudley in Laurens County, the Wrightsville firetower test well 1 (24Vl) is southwest of Wrightsville in Johnson County, and the Midville test well 1 (28X1) is northeast of Midville in Burke County. Each of the wells completely penetrates Tertiary sediments and all except the Arrowhead test well completely penetrate Upper Cretaceous sediments. Each well is screened in the lower part of Upper Cretaceous strata. Drill cuttings, cores, samples for paleontologic analysis, geophysical logs, and water samples for chemical analysis were collected from each well. After well construction was completed, water-level recorders were installed, and the test wells became part of a statewide network of ground-water monitoring stations. Geologic interpretations were based on (1) examination of drill cuttings, cores, and geophysical logs collected in the four test wells and other boreholes in the study area, (2) lithologic descriptions of drill cuttings and cores, (3) paleontological data, and (4) field observations of exposures along roadcuts and in kaolin mines. These data provided a basis for construction of the hydrogeologic sections and contour maps showing the top, base, and thickness of the aquifer system. Hydrologic investigations utilized historical and modern water-level data obtained from wells throughout the study area. Historical water-level data for the period 1944-50 were acquired from reports by LaMoreaux (1946), LeGrand and Furcron (1956), and LeGrand (1962). Well 2 IC VALL E Y"' ""' A~D ,..;, \ " \~A~H~ON \ CA'"tl: I l \ ' \ ~ t& "a.(. , I h U TT S , "' ' Aj'; \ r ttuu,. " ~\ '11 171 pI r [ LJ r,,<. r M ul~ rl t l ". ' l H ;. R .. I ' , , v :: s 0 ~ " !OXPLANA'II ON A~EA OF RCPO~l "" ' '"J' Hydroooo l ogy o t t he Goroon avo t 111 ul e,n;t - ~;onJ r nl Oco r(J r" (ltttr.. lli rJor t) t-l y(lrool!o l og1 ul lto Uubltn .u1d Mthl l! t at~ ttiht ys terna ~f tJnut - cOnlr<~ l G 01 g1.i (CIGfkt!' a no Olh ot a, I 65) H yd t u~1 eoiOSJ ~ o t ' "o Cl n vteu1 _., out rw ol ~t)ulhwd: ~ t L."it.~cU' cu n (CI[Jr"'O a n~ olharr. 1 Ult} Hvd1 ogco1Dt,IY at thu f1'rc>~ltJLWr.v aq u.U 1 o t 5n ulhw l.n t GoOt(lli\ (CI.H"-'' nnd oHturb4 t 063) Gl1Qh~dtOIQ{1Y I lh O Jaek.:!!QI,/nlt .oqulltl ! Ill CCI'IH' I 011U c~l Cl-! l,lr I Oee1 1ctlil (Vitlcoru , I 8?) Whm fl s pJIJ)' olU.tol~ l)vethLP. ~ ur rn OIC! tUUhH 11D 1-IIJ $ 110Wfl .) rHOMAS dR~O"(.S c h .., ---- .,. a " I Figure 1.-Location of study a rea, physiographic provinces, and areas covered by investigations as part of the Upper Cretaceous-lower Tertiary aquifer study. 3 EXPLANATION AREA OF OUTCROP OF LOWER TERTIARY AND UPPER CRETACEOUS SEDIMENTS , UNDIFFERENTIATED A_ _A~INE OF HYDROGEOLOGIC SECTION - 22YSO WELL AND IDENTIFICATION NUMBER FOR GEORGIA WELL AND IDENTIFICAtiON NUMBER AND TYPE OF DA1 A AVAILABLE AT WELLS 0~ HYDROGEOLOGIC SECTIONS -.. vt '"'""" i~:~::::.. Suwanee Limeslone Cooper Formation IHI'Ir ..,. ,n .. ~ d O 1 I _ Ea [u:;;~~~~~~~~f~~,.g Barnwell unit --- 0230 1 Jacksonian aquifer Priabonian . w Bartoman ~ 0 ~ Llltetian Ypresian Jacksonian Claibornian Y,::.c . - """""' ,,.,., '" 13~ ~ ~ c.a!' ~" " Ocala Limeslone li l t 111 1 E -~ E Lisbon Formation Lisbon Formation 5 Ta l l<~ halta Formation .E.ri Tallahalta Farmali on E3 1--- '~'- Barnwell Formaolon / ":~w- llill[W.~ .,. 1 II I I ..11.4111 t:> > L1sbontMcBean tt~oB an. S-anUe Form, !IDf1.t foi"IT'.c!il~'l!ln umuton, ~ Congarew Usbon-McBean unit Formmtl o~~ UpperHuber:Tallahatta II IIJII!IIIII unol 0-80 0-140 -- ~pper . con mmg umt Gordon aquifer syslem (X) tl" '"''"'ll"i"'.. ilJD. ~~ ,,_., ,., ton"-.. eD.. ,n, '"!"- __ ~UJ g Thaneloan ~ . ~ Dan1an Sabinian Midwayan ! .. ,,.. ..,,, ' 0""" 1'" n~wc:an c ma For ma.tlon "fl l tl 1r.1111 IIIII 1111 Nan.;ha lfo/ BIII.ker Hill Fms ''~"u"'u" mt.rl'<:~11~1o1r1m<11J 1u1o1n111 111111 t'""'' iiiiiiiiiiiiiJI !:lu L t .. u'l h Clayton Forma11on Cla yton Formal ion P If 1 p 1 Jlillll. Huber Formation lli'k Mtr.g Fc t mtllon Black Mingo 1 II I Gcoop Ell enlo"'' For m:auon nl "''" N '"'""'"""" ' "d ColEVEN,. ' ?.oo_____"_ E'-_K.,_."...' ~ ..... ' / / ( 32' sta1t~ -1~!~ ~:~~o~;t~;~ Gil~~"' AS~ / ) ~ DO G'E ~> \ ....\ ... 83' """ "' i J:.Q ."D ._._-,.n' , - -- /G ---: -. \ .,. __.-. . = "'1, ; ~').. .... _ . ..,...._ OCM '\. \.._ -\ 0 10 :0 JO :$0 MILi!S 1.. I 82' Outcrop ar lrom Geologic Map of Georgia. 1976 Figure 4.- Structural features, outcrop area, and altitude of the top of the Gordon aquifer system. sidered inappropriate for aquifer units, because facies changes are common throughout the study area and aquifer units do not everywhere coincide with formation boundaries. Letter and number designations are not utilized because the same symbols have been used by several authors for different aquifer units (Pollard and Vorhis, 1980; Faye and Prowell , 1982). Therefore, to avoid confusion, the Gordon aquifer system described in this report, was named for the city of Gordon, in Wilkinson County, where the sediments that typify the aquifer system are well exposed. Definition of the Gordon Aquifer System An aquifer system is herein defined as a body of material of varying permeability that acts as a water-yielding hydraulic unit of regional extent. Throughout most of the study area, the upper HuberTallahatta unit meets the definition of an aquifer system, and hereafter it is referred to as the Gordon aquifer system. Although the Gordon aquifer system can generally be treated as a single water-bearing unit throughout the study area, it contains discontinuous clay layers that locally separate it into two or more aquifer units. These clay layers are not considered to be hydrologically significant in a regional evaluation, but they increase the complexity of the hydrologic framework. Geophysical and lithologic logs show that the base and top of the Gordon aquifer system are distinguished by regionally extensive clay units. These clay units form the upper and lower boundaries of the aquifer system. The base of the Gordon aquifer system generally is marked by silty, kaolinitic clay of the Baker HillNanafalia unit. In southern areas, the Baker Hill-Nanafalia unit loses its effectiveness as a confining unit because of a lithologic transition to more permeable, calcareous, clastic sediments and limestone (well 25T2, pls 1, 2) In these areas, the basal confining unit of the Gordon aquifer system is comprised of kaolinitic clay in the upper part of the lower Huber-Ellenton unit. In the northern part of the study area, the Baker Hill-Nanafalia unit pinches out (wells 24X5 and AK-45 7 , pl 2) , and the Gordon aquifer system may be hydraulically connected with sediments of the underlying Dublin aquifer system of Clarke and others (1985). The clay unit overlying the aquifer system generally consists of massive, glauconitic marl of the Lisbon-McBean unit and in most areas it forms the upper confining unit. Locally, the LisbonMcBean unit is a clayey sand and does not confine the aquifer. For example, at the Midville test well (well 28X1, pl. 1), the Lisbon-McBean unit consists of glauconitic sand and is an ineffective confining unit. In this area, laminated clays of the Barnwell unit form the upper confining unit of the Gordon aquifer system. In the northern part of the study area, between wells 23X28 and 24X5 in Washington County (pl. 2), and in the central part between wells 20V4 and 21U4 in Wilkinson and Laurens Counties, respectively (pl. 1), the Lisbon-McBean unit pinches out. Here, the kaolin in the uppermost part of the upper HuberTallahatta unit increases in thickness and forms the upper confinement for the Gordon aquifer system. Aquifer System Geometry Altitude of Aquifer System Boundaries Geophysical and lithologic logs of 42 wells were used to determine the approximate altitudes of the base and top of the Gordon aquifer system (figs. 4, 5). In the southeastern part of the study area, in Screven and Bulloch Counties, it was not possible to determine the altitude of the base of the aquifer system because of sparse geologic control. In this area, contours shown in figure 5 are dashed and represent an approximation of the base of the Gordon aquifer system. Depths to the top of the aquifer system may be estimated by .subtracting the altitude of the 13 EXPLANATION AREA OF OUTCROP OF LOWER TERTIARY AND UPPER CRETACEOUS SEDIMENTS, UNDIFFERENTIATED --IT---FAULT -U, upthrown side; 0 downthrown side; dashed where inferred -a--sTRUCTURE CONTOUR -Shows altitude of base of the Gordon aquifer system. Dashed where approximately located. Contour interval 100 feet. Datum is sea level >v>'' 295 e DATA POINT-Number is altitude of base of the Gordon ci.quifer system, in feet : otJ 33' .... """ 32' ..J / " ..., 1~ .;! _, ,:. i t" El L . .-ZT5 ""\,. \ ~o::::-;; / ,...__./ ,g. / ./ --- .....~Aoo- ~ 1. !;..-:-- ...... ~--r.oo--- - "\ - - - ' !LIS . . ,.....~ - .$4& ~- ; .. / / / / "' .~..,..~_...___soO ~ ~- . ~ 0 10 20 30 40 !.AILES U ll fMfm IJ 6 (l.e o loQiCD I CIIU r o-t State base maps, I.!IDO.rJOO 83' 82' Outcrop ara from Geologic Map or Gaorgla, 1976 Figure 5.- Structural features, outcrop area, and altitude of the base of the Gordon aquifer system. top (fig. 4) from the altitude of land surface (available on U.s. Geological Survey 7 .5-minute topographic quadrangle maps). Thickness The thickness of the Gordon aquifer system was estimated by comparing the altitudes of the base (fig. 5) with the altitudes of the top (fig. 4). The aquifer system ranges in thickness from about 20 ft in northern Wilkinson County in the western part of the study area, to more than 180 ft in Pulaski County in the southwest, and to more than 190 ft in southern Burke and Jefferson Counties in the central part of the area (fig. 6). Aquifer and Well Properties Transmissivity and Specific Capacity The transmissivity and specific capacity of an aquifer system are two properties that help define the hydraulic aspects of ground-water flow. Transmissivity is a measure of an aquifer's ability to transmit water and is derived from analysis of time-drawdown data obtained during aquifer tests or from calculations using specific-capacity data. In this study, time-drawdown data were available for only two wells tapping the Gordon aquifer system: well 18S12 in Pulaski County and well 33X37 in Screven County (fig. 7). The transmissivity of the Gordon a~uifer system was calculated as 9,800 ft /d at the Pulaski County well and as 3,500 ft2/d at the Screven County well. Specific-capacity values for wells tapping the Gordon aquifer system range from 2.5 (gal/min)/ft at well 25Z3 in Glascock County to 50.4 (gal/min)/ft at well 32U18 in Screven County (fig. 7). Transmissivity values from the Gordon aquifer system, as computed from specific-capacity data using Jacob's modified nonequilibrium formula (Ferris and oth- e rs, 1962), are shown on figure 7, and range from 620 ft2 I d in Glascock County (well 25Z3) to 13,000 ft2/d in Screven County (well 32U18). Transmissivity values computed from specific-capacity data were 10 percent lower at well 18S12 and 30 percent lower at well 33X37 than values computed from the time-drawdown data. Accordingly, transmissivity values computed from specific-capacity data may be low throughout the study area. The transmissivity of the Gordon aquifer system is generally greatest in the southern part of the area where the aquifer system is thickest (figs. 6, 7). Transmissivity values obtained from specific-capacity data in multiaquifer wells that tap both the Gordon aquifer system and the overlying Jacksonian aquifer (Vincent, 1982) are higher than those of nearby wells that tap only the Gordon. In these wells the transmissivity ranges from 2,400 ft2/d at well 23X34 in Washington County to 14,900 ft2/d at well 19T6 in Bleckley County. Well Yields Wells tapping the Gordon aquifer system have yields ranging from 87 gal/min (well 26AA3) in Glascock County to 1,815 gal/min (well 32U18) in Screven County (fig. 7). Yields exceeding 1,000 gal/min are obtained from well 26W1 near Wadley and wells 26Y2 and 26X2 near Louisville in Jefferson County, and well 32U18, north of Dover in Screven County. Yields of multiaquifer wells tapping the Gordon aquifer system and the overlying Jacksonian aquifer (Vincent, 1982) exceed 500 gal/min at Cochran, Bleckley County (well 19T6), and southwest of Waynesboro, in Burke County (well 29Y2). Some wells in the study area do not penetrate the full thickness of the Gordon aquifer system and therefore probably yield less water than a fully penetrating well. Recharge The Gordon aquifer system is recharged directly by precipitation in the 15 EXPLANATION AREA OF OUTCROP OF LOWER TERTIARY AND UPPER CRETACEOUS SEDIMENTS, UNDIFFERENTIATED 7--FAULT-U, up!hrown side; D, downthrown side; dashed where inferred -0--LINE OF EQUAl THICKNESS OF GORDON AQUIFER SYSTEM-Dashed where appr ox imatel y l ocate d. Inte rval 50 feet :s DATA POINT-Number is approximate thickness of aquife r, in feet '- . ;-"~ !'.... ' ss ...... 0'> --- ' <' P c! :_ p. S r(l '\. > ~~ L_:._;,:_~,r ~ c rr CICPI U :S., O'&OIGQjCit l $ "rny Sta le base maps, I ;.SOO..OtiC \ ~......- =-- \ ..i t / "'' 83' E N ... / /~ ... ,. ... -''1""1;,.- B A ~ N. ;v,J ': ~ !.. --." 12 ..1:! ~ 3 f'' "' 150~ <12' 3 .....A.t.;.:LE.r-. ~ t, "..._ E , i ., , ,. ---... ------ - l .-~'--i' Y. - . J EN .. KJ .......~ N . ......_ S -.~.,~. 1..* '"':""' C:-1._.-. "?~,~'.. ~ '( ' \ ~' C R E.\.' E r\ ; . \ ,.__ _ { ;~ . "'\.: '- "' '.''\ ~ ' ., "-!. .._, """ ~~~:-.:.. / ----... ' l \ r - \ L L 0..._C:.J:l~ ~ '\, .. ~"'-.. -.:.:;. - .'\.. '. L....:.--- \ .J ,~ ~" 0 10 IQ ~0 .~o g bAILES I 82' Outcrop area from Geologic Map o f Georgia, 1976 Figure 6.-Approximate thickness of the Gordon aquifer sys t em. EXPLANATION 28:As DATA POINT-Well tapping Gordon aquifer system. Number is well identification u~.- DATA POINT-Well tapping Gordon aquifer s ystem and Jacksonian aquifer. Number is well identification .,_ AQUIFER CHARACTERISTICS ~ Transmissivity, in feet squared per day. All calculations based on. specific capacities except for wells 18812 and 33X37 which were determined from time-drawdown data Well yield, in gallons per minute SQ ~Ul c: capacity, in gallons per minute per foot N -.... ---:; '\' :w ...... -'1 ~rm-02. .~ ~ ~ - ft'S.y ........ . 157 @ t: - 2.5 ., 5 "!I c- \ . --=~~...:~ - --~a.)( $... NSOf'.. ~- JEFFERS.: rl !'~~J r a...e ' . ; , / / ll. A R tj,,,V E L .28Y-4 3tU\' , ' '21 '12 .,-. U R K E ~ 0 9 28..Yf 5 I ~ 3 . J E II , ..N:; \. i., S C R -~,.'! E N .)./ ,.. .>c /' .r~ ' H ,., ~51 ~ E; ECKLEY -,, -m:: 300 - 7.5 PULAS -" "\ "' --........ J ..,'lo1NSoN ~_ ~, ,,. . EM~i'l'lJEL ' .,. .....'. . 32 U 16 \ " ~ ~ ' <;:.o.NOt..J;:fl\ _,1::>0_ e .l'l t.!. c c H -- ., I _. I ) - ___ __ '\,. -~ - ~ ... ....... 0 10 ~Q; ~t:l Jtl MIL-ES I 32' 83' 82' Figure 7.- Aquifer transmissivity, and yield and specific capacity of wells tapping the Gordon aquifer system. outcrop area (fig. 2) and in interstream drainage divides in and near the outcrop area. Most recharge by precipitation occurs during January through May when rainfall is abundant and evapotranspiration is minimal. During the summer months, although rainfall is heavy, evapotranspiration is high. Therefore, most rainfall is evaporated or retained in the unsaturated zone as soil moisture and little water is available for recharge. Direct recharge to the Gordon aquifer system also occurs where it crops out near well 22Y30 (pl. 2), and between well 20V4 and the Ruby Quarry (pl. 1). South of the outcrop area, the Gordon aquifer system is recharged by leakage from overlying and underlying aquifers. Downward leakage occurs in the area between the Midville test well (well 28X1) and well VSC-2 (pl. 1) where the upper confining unit of the Gordon aquifer system is sandy and where the hydraulic head in the Gordon aquifer system is lower than the head in the Jacksonian aquifer. Recharge also may occur where water under greater hydraulic head leaks upward into the Gordon aquifer system from the underlying Dublin and Midville aquifer systems of Clarke and others (1985). Water-level data in Burke and Laurens Counties (fig. 8) show that the hydraulic heads in the Dublin and Midville aquifer systems are higher than the head in the Gordon aquifer system. Head differences between the Gordon aquifer system and overlying and underlying aquifers are shown in figure 8. During 1980-82, head differences of 6.3 ft were observed between the Gordon aquifer system and the overlying Jacksonian aquifer in Jefferson County, 18.8 ft between the Gordon aquifer system and the Dublin aquifer system in Laurens County, and 11.7 ft and 16.5 ft between the Gordon aquifer system and the Midville aquifer system in Burke and Laurens Counties, respectively. In Laurens County, well 21U2 taps the Jacksonian aquifer, the Gordon aquifer system, and the Dublin aquifer system. A comparison of water levels in this well and nearby well 21U5, which taps the Dublin aquifer system, showed a head difference of about 18 ft (fig. 8). This difference suggests that the water leve 1 in well 21U2 is more representative of the Gordon aquifer system and Jacksonian aquifer than the Dublin aquifer system. Also, well 28W4, in Burke County, taps both the Gordon aquifer system and the Jacksonian aquifer, and exact head differences between the two may be more representative of composite head values. Discharge Discharge from the Gordon aquifer system occurs mainly as flow into major streams. Ground-water discharge to these streams was estimated from streamflow measurements made during the drought of October-November 1954 (Thomson and Carter, 1955) (fig. 9). During this drought, streams in the northeastern and northwestern parts of the study area con- tinued to flow. In other parts of the area, possibly because the drought was more severe, no discharge occurred and streams ceased flowing, indicating that the water level in the aquifer had de- clined below the altitudes of the stream beds. Discharge from the Gordon aquifer system possibly may occur as leakage to the underlying Dublin aquifer system (Clarke and others, 1985). This leakage is most likely to occur where the basal confining unit is sandy or absent and where waterlevel declines in the underlying Dublin and Midville aquifer systems have changed the head relations between the aquifer systems and increased the possibility for downward flow. A comparison of waterlevel data (fig. 10) from observation and pumping wells near Four Mile Branch Creek in western South Carolina (Siple, 1967, p. 79) (fig. 2) indicates that water levels in strata herein assigned to the Gordon aquifer system (wells ZW-15 and ZW-7, fig. 10) responded to nearby pumping from wells tapping Cretaceous aquifers (well 35-H, fig. 10). This shows 18 JEFFERSON COUNTY 0 .. - =:= -2i-S VV3 16 8l11 15 t2l 26W1 I-"- 1' ~ ~ 100 I- 200 t--- JACKSONIAN AQUIFER ,.------ I~= UPPER CONFINING UNIT 300 r-- w 0 F= <( GORDON AQUIFER SYSTEM lL a: 400 r-- ::J rJJ t 0 z 500 1- <( _J ;;: 600 1- 0 _J w m 700 r- r- ...... w w ~ lL -z 800 I - I r- 900 t-- Q_ w 0 1000 r-- 1100 - LAURENS COUNTY .21 U 2 21 li< 21.U5 52 . 7( 1-28-62) 1--- - -- _L_ 1-T- :" .36 . 2( 128-B2H T ~ 1---- -N 33.9(1-28-82)__ 1--- ---i ~ JACKSONIAN AQUIFER UPPER """"' I--- CONFINING UNIT I= GORDON AQUIFER SYSTEM LOWER CONFINING UNIT f-.-f-.-- I E= DUBLIN AQUIFER SYSTEM CONFINING UNIT = = MIDVILLE AQUIFER SYSTEM \open hole at bottom of casing BURKE COUNTY .. ..... . "2!W ...29X t ~' 0 1--:L ---.- " 60 7(5-23-60) ___L_ 4 9 . 0(6-4 -80) --~ - 100 JACKSONIAN AQUIFER - 200 I== UPPER CONFINING UNIT r-- '""""" GORDON r= AQUIFER SYSTEM ~ ~ ~ CON~~~~RUNIT DUBLIN AQUIFER SYSTEM CONFINING UNIT Ir=== I= = MIDVILLE AQUIFER SYSTEM 300 w 0 <( lL - 400 ~ rJJ 0 - 500 ~ _J ;;: - 600 0 _J w m - 700 rw w !J_ - 800 ~ I r- - 900 Q_ w 0 - 1000 - 1100 1200 - ~ - 1200 1300 1300 s WELL SCREEN EXPLANATION 52.7(1-28-82) WATER LEVEL-Number outside parentheses is water level in feet below land surface; number inside parentheses is date o/ wtV.l..l.\ITe-men t ____ 16. 5 -r HEAD DIFFERENCE, IN FEET Figure 8.- Head differences between the Jacksonian aquifer and Gordon aqu i fer system in Jefferson County; between the Gordon and Midville aquifer systems in Burke County; and between the Gordon, Dublin, and Midville aquifer systems in Laurens County. EXPLANATION - AREA OF OUTCROP OF LOWER TERTIARY AND UPPER CRETACEOUS SEDIMENTS, UNDIFFERENTIATED ~ AREA IN WHICH GROUND-WATER DISCHARGE TO STREAMS EXCEEDS 0.2 CUBIC FOOT PER SECOND ~ PEA SQUARE MILE OF DRAINAGE AREA / ~ AREA IN WHICH GROUND-WATER DISCHARGE TO STREAMS EXCEEDS 0.4 CUBIC FOOT PER ~ SECOND PER SQUARE MILE OF DRAINAGE AREA ' AREA IN WHICH GROUND-WATER DISCHARGE TO STREAMS EXCEEDS 0.6 CUBIC FOOT PEA SECOND PER SQUARE MILE OF DRAINAGE AREA 0.01 A - DATA POINT-NlJ'Tiber is discharge to stream in c'ublc feet per second per square ..J mi'e of drainage area "'- ' - .._.. EL L \ ~3~ BAL ~ 0 32' ' \ ,, 0 ,) '""t '- ""Y:.-/ c "'"''0 . ~ ' ' E M A N U E L - .,.,',. "'--._'''; -- .. ~ N' 5 ~ ~ ' w _J 0: w 261 1<( 5: lL 0 w 2600 ::;) I- I- _J <( I \ I \ I \ / I \ \.._ I ... I I I I I I ' I / I I \ I \ I \I /~ Water level in well ZW-7 z ~ (f) t-w "" -r \ '- e: ~. D"i~E" _.)IWA ~ ~ j 0 ~- .., !'......./ ) ~ ...; 5 T ~ I Jn.!o!l. ..... ....... ~~-----~~W;o-o"I-"' - ~.:..-- \.__' - l\ k tel J . J - ..-- ~, JO t- SON / ) l, , .> / E M .Q. ,. E L ' ..,_ / ! ' /" .l- ~ f'-.. -...., ll.ll 79 {\ C:A,N DL.ER e t-"._ c ,_ { '\ --- ) _ .. ___,;.-"-...... '\ ''-.. ~) -- .. ...- c.- 0 10 ZO 10 D ~ILS I I II l t 32" B:ll 11011"1 U-0 Ooloah:t :!Hm-V 82" Slate bue maps, t GOO.OCO Figure 13.- Potentiometric surface of the Gordon aquifer system, November 1981. approximate predevelopment surface before local pumping stresses were applied. Unpublished water-level data indicate that, except in major pumping centers, potentiometric heads in the Gordon aquifer system have changed little since 1935 when man-induced stresses (pumping) were applied. This statement is supported by Siple (1967) and Root and Marine (1978) who published hydrographs for 1951-60 and 1973-77 showing seasonal fluctuations of only about 10 ft in sediments that are part of the Gordon aquifer system at the Savannah River Plant. In the western part of the study area, potentiometric heads range in altitude from about 300 ft near the outcrop area in western and central Houston and southern Twiggs and Wilkinson Counties to about 200 ft in southern Laurens County (fig. 12). Heads in the eastern part of the area range in altitude from about 400 ft in southern Glascock County and northern Washington and Jefferson Counties to about 100 ft in eastern Burke, Screven, and Bulloch Counties. November 1981 Potentiometric Surface The November 1981 potentiometric surface of the Gordon aquifer system was constructed from water-level data collected from 1976 to 1982, most of the data being collected ic November 1981 (fig. 13). This surface is similar to the estimated 1934-68 potentiometric surface except in local areas affected by increased ground-water withdrawals. Declines in the potentiometric surface based on water levels measured at different times of the year may be partly attributed to seasonal fluctuations. Water-level data indicate that localized declines, which formed small cones of depression, occurred near Hartford in Pulaski County, Eastman in Dodge County, Sandersville in Washington County, Wrens in Jefferson County, and in central Laurens County and western Burke County. Other declines that changed the configuration of the potentiometric surface occurred at Louisville in Jefferson County, at and near Sylvania in Screven County, and at Midville and northwest of Waynesboro in Burke County (fig. 14). Long-Term Water-Level Declines Water levels in the Gordon aquifer system generally remained constant during the period 1934-81, as recharge and discharge maintained equilibrium. The only exceptions were local areas that had significant increases in ground-water withdrawals. In these areas, increased pumping caused reductions in compressive aquifer storage and corresponding declines in the water level (Lohman, 1972, p. 8). Water-level records for eastern Georgia show that localized declines as great as 33 ft occurred in the potentiometric surface during 1939-81 in downdip areas (fig. 14; Appendix A) Declines in water levels in or near the outcrop area may partly be attributed to seasonal fluctuations. Water-level declines ranging from about 10 to 33 ft have formed small, localized cones of depression near cities where increased municipal or industrial pumping has occurred. (See section on November 1981 Potentiometric Surface.) For example, the decline in Sandersville in Washington County is probably due to increased pumping for kaolin processing in that area (fig. 13). Siple (1967) reported that at the Savannah River Plant, local pumping and long-term stress from 1952 to 1960 resulted in total waterlevel declines ranging from about 10 to 18 ft in sediments herein assigned to the Gordon aquifer system. Other localized cones of depression developed in central Laurens County and western Burke County mainly because of large withdrawals for irrigation. In Louisville, Jefferson County, the water level in well 26X1 remained steady from 1958 to 1975 when it began to decline (fig. 15). Because ground-water withdrawals by the city of Louisville increased only slightly during 197 5-80, it is likely that the decline was due to increased pumping for irrigation. 25 28%3 EXPLANATION 3(8146-10180) DATA POINT-Number on top is well identification. Number on bottom outside parentheses is water-level decline, in feet. Number on bottom inside parentheses is period of water-level decline WELL IDENTIFICATION BY AQUIFER Go raon aqUi fer s~stom ---...-- Gordon aquifer system and Jacksonian aQuifer '''' ~ ~/;J' E ~ ED::-;;;;"'-~~ -- ~........ ~ E Jl <-rl JD ....i. ..... "'t.. nz1 >!-('511(a~,ota o) 302.tl -- -~ !~.~- <,!Z-(..s i{H -461 01$0)', -.,.. :w JEF>F"(Sv ., ""--..... 0 J4{s1f#-Vcu~a> s - R K E !.,;) a> O'OW:2' ' ,\ :Zl&/QS - ~/lJO) ~ 1(<8/C~,\~e,s ,. ..... ... 1 T(e'lil~fus 1{ ' {~ .... . 0 so~ / 31lV1 or.c rA-!t-11i:.i.il f'" .:. N ~ o!" . I' _ 32' _ EC K LE~/ , ....u.... ~'t~ ........ ' teSS~ 27(7/ 53-llJi.-1.) "' .,. -- ';..__,. .-! ' - ,_!;. ' 20R3 "3->J(Q/43-11/111) !) G 'E ..,. I "'- \ "'\ Bn tto w <{ _J _J a: 30 w f- <{ 3: (5/ 11 /58) \ DATA POINT-Number in parentheses is date of measurement 40 1 .0 (6/ 19/75) . >- 0.8 <{ 0 a: w 0... 6(/) 0.6 _J _J <{ (') z 0 _J _J 2 z Blank where record not avarlable Figure 15.- Intermittent measurements of the water level in the Gordon aquifer system at well 26X 1 and average daily ground-water withdrawals by the city of Louisville, Jefferson County, 1958-82. 27 WATER QUALITY Chemical analyses of water from the Gordon aquifer system show that constituent concentrations in most of the study area are within the Georgia Environmental Protection Division (1977) standards and recommended limits for drinking water. An exception occurs in Jefferson County where iron concentrations exceed the 300 ~g/L standard and range from 600 ~g/L at well 26X1 in Louisville to 1,900 Pg/L at well 26W1 in Wadley. (See Appendix B.) Generally, concentrations of dissolved solids and most other constituents increase from the outcrop area southward (fig. 16). This increase is due to material being dissolved as the ground water flows through the aquifer. Concentrations of dissolved solids range from 32 mg/1 at well 28AA1 in Richmond County near the outcrop area, to 193 mg/L at well 34W4 in Screven County. Variations in hardness as CaC03 in the Gordon aquifer system are related to changes in the lithology of aquifer sediments. (See section on Definition of the Gordon Aquifer System). In the northeastern part of the study area, water generally has a CaC03 hardness of less than 60 mg/L and is classified as "soft" (fig. 17; Appendix B). In this area, aquifer sediments consist primarily of sand and contain low concentrations of carbonate and bicarbonate. Although waterquality analyses are unavailable for the Gordon aquifer system in the northwestern part of the study area, the aquifer lithology is similar and it is likely that water in that area also is "soft." In the central part of the study area, water has a CaC03 hardness greater than 100 mg/L and is classified as "moderately hard" to "hard." This increase in hardness probably results from higher percentages of carbonate in the aquifer material. Water having a CaC03 hardness greater than 100 mg/L may result in reduced lathering of soap and the formation of scale on cooking utensils and in boilers and hot water lines (Hem, 1970, p. 225). Hard water can be softened by ion exchange and through chemical treatment using lime and soda ash. In this report, water-quality data are from wells tapping the Gordon aquifer system and from multiaquifer wells tapping the Gordon aquifer system and the Jacksonian aquifer. Comparison of these data may be misleading in that some of the analyses for multiaquifer wells may not be representative of the Gordon aquifer system. WATER USE The Gordon aquifer system supplied an estimated 24 Mgal/d during 1980, of which about 70 percent was used by agriculture, 16 percent by municipalities, and 14 percent by industries (table 2). Agriculture utilized 17.0 Mgal/d with major withdrawals occurring in Burke (7.7 Hgal/d), Pulaski (2.2 Mgal/d), Houston (1.6 Mgal/d), and Jefferson (1.5 Mgal/d) Counties. Agricultural water-use values represent estimated growing-season withdrawals averaged over a 365-day period. In recent years, agricultural use has increased dramatically and in 1980 it was almost eight times greater than in 1975 (Robert R. Pierce, U.S. Geological Survey, written commun., 1982). This increase in use is supported by water-level declines at Louisville, Jefferson County, that can be attributed to pumping for irrigation. (See section on Long-Term Water-Level Declines.) Overall municipal and industrial water use in the Coastal Plain of Georgia gradually increased from 1960 to 1980 (Pierce and others, 1982). During 1980, municipal water use from the Gordon aquifer system totaled 4.0 Mgal/d and industrial water use was 3.4 Mgal/d. Major municipal users were Louisville in Jefferson County (1.1 Mgal/d) and Midville in Burke County (0.8 Mgal/d). The major industrial users were kaolin companies in Washington County (0.9 Mgal/d) and industries in Screven County (1.0 Mgal/d). WELL CONST~UCTION Wells tapping the Gordon aquifer system use open-hole or screenline construe- 28 EXPLANATION - 100 LINE OF EQUAL DISSOLVED-SOLIDS CONCENTRATION -Dashed where approximately located. Interval 50 milligrams per liter ~ DATA POINT - Numbe-.- on top is well Identification. Number on bottom is dissolved-solids corrc.nlrtlon in milligram per liter; e , estimated from ratio of residue/specific conductance WELL IDENTIFICATION BY AQUIFER Gordon aquifer system .,.. Go.rdon aquifer system and Jacksonian aquifer ~v..; \ ~'< __\.,. \.'........ - . COLIJM61A -...,_ N / --r-....~ B/ A .A f\i:M/1E L L ._.' , I. c~.c sa (- ..-~- .:~"\.,\ T:_...(-" ~. .__...""'=--~~~ i.lsoN :-;'~'-' '-~-<->-'(--.V',- . \ ' ,; ... , .._ I ., ' " ~ ~~'. 1~_?.-';41"""" . _,_ -~ -J~ , .. -' '"""'" "'i \ JEF'FERSO' o I f(~S:'"" ~ T.~O ~ -- ~~ N:\?0~ ' ' - ' ' "~,\~-j .' I ' W ' .. . \ I .. ' ; .-.,f~..1,=.."G.-,..-,.~ ....,.N~-.,' ~~ ~~j,~ '.~~ \!-..~,L' . I /' l' '.... - 'o ' ~. ~ ' w' (C.. .,,._.;.. .... ,-! E'l"i~j'i.J S "' :f~- / ,...-'"l.\--,."...:.:;..:,,;.;/ ...l, '\. \, j . ...,; ,__,___ .......,,_ . .t,..... \ , '"". y \ , / \ - . l- l~.;~~ GGS~~ ~/ / -.~. r > I - \' , , ,/ . ("',.. l_;- \ .. ; . .:..I(.>' ,:,., -::,\_ - (-1 .,~ ~f~..J. ~ "'~- ~ -~. .-;;;.~~- ~ -~~ l:rt . ,.. .....- ' -' I '.._ .. - .. - ' -"'~ - . . .<:: -.ou";'- '. ;...-,.. . - . ..... ~. ' i' ,,.!--' - ' :\ ( '/\< ' ""_'_' ..I ,. - "-.-.r.-.t:':' . E M . N- u e: L ' . J..f.f..r..... , '... . ' 1 ':'-~T-0 .~ ~. ~-....._ 1 J~ ~... (" ,~'... c---~. - ~. '~ I / -- '.,. <- \.. ~- H 0 N C K L EY/:\ _ L ' A U R. .' -,- '"'-. ....,. ,I '\. :- - I.. r- .....' - . . /;- / \ . -. ....... ' - , ~~ ..:I~E.UTLEN .~NOL '>I ;:-:. -="l C. . -f., """' ' ,, -:-' - / :/ ''--j- , >!' I <_ ' . }/ ' .~, . ...... J / __.. ..... ' / 'I - .....=:,:..'1. , - '7f-' 6 ' U_L;...L...0...;c;;-; li ~ ~..,.~,>. , - \ ' ,_ ' .-~-- )- "': ~, ' L 7 ,~- . ~ - . ' ... ..... ' I P U..L AS ISI ' . ' ... ' ; rl j --..,{ . .. / \ . . ... .r-' ---'~-"':':- ~. . . G-~~ ~-- ~ l1,.:t.",;; ' )- t\1.,l. D 0 f) .'=-r.';.,,.'rA' '\___ - - - f I , :'".-') '.:.;':;. "':" \ .- .,_ ."..;' _.,-- . '--- . / / ._ \ 32' 't~ r !10 I II I I1 I I ~r a,o "f ~ILS '-..... ... ._. trom u).S , Ofofo11io-tl S'T,itliij su.l. base map~;, 11100.000 83' 82' Figure 16.- Dissolved-solids concentrations in ground water from the Gordon aquifer system. EXPLANATION - AREA IN WHWH HARDNESS AS CaC03 EXCEEDS 100 MILLIGRAMS PER LITER ~DATA POINT- Number on top is w ell identifi cation . Number on bottom Is hardne ss value as Caco3 , in milligrams per liter WELL IDENTIFICATION BY AQUIFER Gordon aquifer system -r ...... Gordon aquifer system and Jackso nian aquifer "" ( ----- \ .... ..... --oL ~. Ma A "' \,. " ~ .,.-::. c ;-.:o ~ K ~ f . t'{, / ~ /' J~~r--t.RS,..'N :' 0,1>0 .M.l':! ...J!A.! -- : o~~~ o I:IJ 0 '\ ~ { _ ..._. _"'L .) 0 0-~~ i;: - "\_,....,\. ~ ,:......,. --:.1 r \ 32" t, Das.e lto.trt U.G. a..afoD1Ctl .S'oU"'t'f Srllllte. bas maps, 1 ~ !00,DIKI 83' \ } ... ..,4NOI..E"P. s .ll 1.1:' o c H. , .....__ , -- -~-~I ....... w~ . _:~ -.. :..-~ .- 0 lO 20 na .. tl MllS 1 82' Figure 17_- Distribution of hardness as CaC0 3 in ground water from the Gordon aquifer system. Table 2.--Estimated water use for the Gordon aquifer system, 1980 [<, less than] County Bibb Bleckley Bulloch Burke Columbia Dodge Emanuel Glascock Houston Jefferson Jenkins Johnson Jones Laurens Pulaski Richmond Screven Twiggs Washington Wilkinson Ground-water use (Mgal/d) Agricultural 1 -- 0.4 .4 7.7 --- -- -- 1.6 .. 1.5 1.0 .4 -- .6 2.2 -- .9 -- .3 -- Industrial ---- - CJ 0 .....J 0 I 1- ::::) a: I- z(/) 0 0 :::i _J w_J 5: GEOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES ~_J 0<( WZI- <(Z foz- W Ol - a._Cl.. (f) HYDROLOGIC UNIT 1Gamma Jog taken from nearby wel l 28X1. EXPLANATION ~ LIMESTONE 1=-=1CLAY Efj CLAYEY SAND ~CEMENT ~ CONFINING ZONE I ISCREEN Figure 18.- Relation of well construction to geophysical and lithologic logs in well 28W4, near Midville, Burke County. 33 SELECTED REFERENCES Applin, E. R., and Applin, P. L., 1964, Logs of selected wells in the Coastal Plain of Georgia: Georgia Geological Survey Bulletin 74, 229 P Bechtel Corporation, 1972, Applicants environmental report, volumes I and II--Alvin w. Vogtle Nuclear Plant: Unpublished report for Georgia Power Company, Atlanta, Georgia: Report on file at u.s. Geological Survey, Dora- ville, Georgia. 1982, Studies of postulated Millett ---Fault: Unpublished report for Georgia Power Company, Atlanta, Georgia: Report on file at u.s. Geological Survey, Doraville, Georgia. Buie, B. F., 1978, The Huber Formation of eastern central Georgia: Georgia Geological Survey Bulletin 93, P 1-7. 1980, Kaolin deposits and the Creta----ceous-Tertiary boundary in eastcentral Georgia, in Frey, R. W., ed., Excursions in Southeastern Geology: Geological Society of America Field Trip Guide 15, Volume II, p. 311-322. Buie, B .F., Hetrick, J. H., Patterson, s. H., and Neeley, C. 1., 1979, Geol- ogy and industrial mineral resources of the Macon-Gordon kaolin district, Georgia: U.S. Geological Survey OpenFile Report 79-526, 2 sheets. Chowns, T. M., and Williams, C. T., 1983, Pre-Cretaceous rocks beneath the Georgia Coastal Plain-Regional impli- cations, in Gohn, G. s., ed., Studies related to the Charleston, South Carolina, earthquake of 1886--Tec- tonics and seismicity: u.s. Geologi- cal Survey Professional Paper 1313, p. 11-142. Clarke, J. S., Faye, R. E., and Brooks, Rebekah, 1983, Hydrogeology of the Providence aquifer of southwest Georgia: Georgia Geologic Survey Hydrologic Atlas 11, 5 sheets. 1984, Hydrogeology of the Clayton ----aquifer of southwest Georgia: Georgia Geologic Survey Hydrologic Atlas 13, 6 sheets. Clarke, J. s., Brooks, Rebekah, and Faye, R. E., 1985, Hydrogeology of the Dublin and Midville aquifer systems of east-central Georgia: Georgia Geologic Survey Information Circular 74. Cofer, H. E., Jr., and Frederiksen, N. 0. 1979, Paleoenvironment and age of kaolin deposits in the Andersonville District, Georgia, in Proceedings of Second Symposium on the Geology of the Southeastern Coastal Plain: Georgia Geologic Survey Information Circular 53, p. 24-37. Cofer, H. E., Jr., and Manker, J.P., 1983, Geology and resources of the Andersonville, Georgia kaolin and bauxite district: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 83-580, 95 p. Coleman, J. M., and Prior, D. B., 1980, Deltaic sand bodies: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Short Course, Education Course Note Series 1115, 171 P Cooke, c. w., 1943, Geology of the Coast- al Plain of Georgia: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 941, 121 p. Cooke, c. W., and Shearer, H. K., 1918, Deposits of Claiborne and Jackson age in Georgia: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 120, p. 41-81. Cramer, H. R., and Arden, D. D., 1980, Subsurface Cretaceous and Paleocene geology of the Coastal Plain of Georgia: Georgia Geologic Survey OpenFile Report 80-8, 184 p. Faye, R. E., and Prowell, D. C., l982, Effects of Late Cretaceous and Cenozoic faulting on the geology and hydrology of the Coastal Plain near the Savannah River, Georgia and South Carolina: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 82-156, 73 P Ferris, J. G., Knowles, R. H., Brown, R. H., and Stallman, R. W., 1962, Theory of aquifer tests: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 1536E, 173 P Freeze, R. A., and Cherry, J. A., 1979, Groundwater: Englewood Cliffs, N.J., Prentice-Hall, 604 P Georgia Environmental Protection Division, 1977, Rules for safe drinking water: Chapter 391-3-5, 57 p. 34 Georgia Geological Survey, 1976, Geologic map of Georgia: Atlanta, Georgia, 1:500,000. Gibson, T. G., 1979, Paleocene to middle Eocene depositional cycles in eastern Alabama and western Georgia, in Proceedings of Second Symposium on the Geology of the southeastern Coastal Plain: Georgia Geologic Survey Information Circular 53, p. 53-63. ____1982, New stratigraphic unit in the Wilcox Group (upper Paleocene - lower Eocene) in Alabama and Georgia, in U.S. Geological Survey Contributions to Stratigraphy, 1982: u.s. Geologi- cal Survey Bulletin 1529-H, p. H23H32. Gohn, G. s., Bybell, L. M., Christopher, R. A., Owens , J.P., and Smith, C. C., 1982, A stratigraphic framework for Cretaceous and Paleogene margins along the South Carolina and Georgia coastal sediments, in Proceedings of the Second Symposiuii"'" on the Geology of the southeastern Coastal Plain: Georgia Geologic Survey Information Circular 53, p. 64-74. Gohn, G. S., Hazel, J. E., Bybell, L. M., and Edwards, L. E., 1983, The Fishburne Formation (Lower Eocene), a newly defined subsurface unit in the South Carolina Coastal Plain: u.s. Geological Survey Bulletin 1537-C, p. C1-C16. Hazel, J. E., Bybell, L. M., Christopher, R. A., Frederiksen, N. 0., May, F. E., McLean, D. M., Poore, R. z., Smith, C. C., Sohl, N. F., Valentine, P. c., and Witmer, R. J., 1977, Bio- stratigraphy of the deep core-hole (Clubhouse Crossroads Corehole 1) near Charleston, South Carolina; in Rankin, D. W., ed., Studies related to the Charleston, s. C., earthquake of 1886: u.s. Geological Survey Pro- fessional Paper 1028, p. 71-89. Hem, J. D., 1970, Study and interpreta- tion of the chemical characteristics of natural water: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 1473, p. 40-50. Herrick, S.M., 1961, Well logs of the Coastal Plain of Georgia: Georgia Geological Survey Bulletin 70, 462 p. Herrick, S.M., and Counts, H. B., 1968, Late Tertiary stratigraphy of eastern Georgia: Georgia Geological Survey Guidebook for Third Annual Field Trip, 88 P Herrick, s. M., and Vorhis, R. C., 1963, Subsurface geology of the Georgia Coastal Plain: Georgia Geological Survey Information Circular 25, 80 P Hetrick, J. H., and Friddell, M. s., 1983, A geologic study of the central Georgia kaolin district, parts I, II, III: Georgia Geologic Survey OpenFile Report 83-1, variously paged. Hicks, D. W., Krause, R. E., and Clarke, J. S., 1981, Geohydrology of the Albany area, Georgia: Georgia Geologic Survey Information Circular 57, 31 p. Huddlestun, P. F., and Hetrick, J. H., 1979, The stratigraphy of the Barnwell Group of Georgia: Georgia Geologic Survey Open-File Report 80-1, 89 P Huddlestun, P. F., Marsalis, W. E., and Pickering, S.M., Jr., 1974, Tertiary stratigraphy of the central Georgia Coastal Plain: Geological Society of America Guidebook 12, 35 p. LaMoreaux, P. E., 1946, Geology and ground-water resources of the Coastal Plain of east-central Georgia: Georgia Geological Survey Bulletin 52, 173 p. LeGrand, H. E., 1962, Geology and groundwater resources of the Macon area, Georgia: Georgia Geological Survey Bulletin 72, 68 p. LeGrand, H. E., and Furcron, A. S., 1956, Geology and ground-water resources of central-east Georgia: Georgia Geological Survey Bulletin 64, 17 4 P Lohman, S. W., 1972, Ground-water hydrau- lics: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 708, 70 p. 35 McFadden, S. S., and Perriello, P. D., 1982, Hydrogeology of the Clayton and Claiborne aquifers in southwestern Georgia: Georgia Geologic Survey Information Circular 55, 48 p. Marine, I. w., and Root, R. W., Jr., 1976, Summary of hydraulic conductivity tests in the SRP separation area: Savannah River Laboratory Environmental Transport and Effects Research Annual Report DP-1412, p. 21-1 to 21-4. 1978, Geohydrology of deposits of -----Claiborne age at the Savannah River Plant: Savannah River Laboratory Environmental Transport and Effects Research Annual Report DP-1489, p. 57-60. Miller, J. A., 1982, Geology and configuration of the top of the Tertiary limestone aquifer system, southeastern United States: U.s. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-1178, 1 sheet. Nystrom, P. G., and Willoughby, R. H., 1982, Geological investigations related to the stratigraphy in the kaolin mining district, Aiken County, South Carolina: Carolina Geological Society Field Trip Guidebook, 1982, 183 p. Patterson, s. H., and Buie, B. F., 1974, Field conference on kaolin and fuller's earth, November 14-16 , 1974: Georgia Geological Survey Publication, 53 p. Pickering, S.M., Jr., 1971, Lithostratigraphy and biostratigraphy of the north central Georgia Coastal Plain: Georgia Geological Survey Fieldtrip Guide, 1971, 15 p. Pierce, R. R., Barber, N. L., and Stiles, H. R., 1982, Water use in Georgia by county for 1980: Georgia Geologic Survey Information Circular 59, 180 p. Pollard, L. D., and Vorhis, R. c., 1980, The geohydrology of the Cretaceous aquifer system in Georgia: Georgia Geologic Survey Hydrologic Atlas 3. Pooser, W. K., 1965, Biostratigraphy and Cenozoic ostracoda from South Carolina: University of Kansas Paleontologic Contributions (38), Arthropoda, Art. 8, 80 p. Prowell, D. C., Christopher, R. A., Edwards, L. E., Bybell, L. M., and Gill, H. E., 1985, Geologic 'section of the updip Coastal Plain of Georgia and western South Carolina: U.S. Geological Survey MF Map 1737 [in press] Prowell, D. C., and O'Connor, B. J., 1978, Belair fault zone: Evidence of Tertiary fault displacement in eastern Georgia: Geology, v. 6, p. 681684. Reineck, H. E., and Singh, I. B., 1980, Depositional sedimentary environments with reference to terrigenous clastics: Heidelberg, Germany, SpringerVerlag, 2nd ed., p. 321-370. Reinhardt, Juergen, and Gibson, T. G., 1980, Upper Cretaceous and lower Tertiary geology of the Chattahoochee River Valley, western Georgia and eastern Alabama, in Excursions in Southeastern GeologY: Volume II, Geological Society of America, 1980 Annual Meeting, Field Trip No. 20, P 385-463. Root, R. W., Jr., and Marine, I. W., 1978, Water-level fluctuations in Coastal Plain sediments at SRP: Savannah River Laboratory Environmental Transport and Effects Research Annual Report DP-i489, p. !)5-68. Scrudato, R. J., 1969, Kaolin and associated sediments of east-central Georgia: Chapel Hill, N.C., University of North Carolina, unpublished dissertation, 97 p. Siple, G. E., 1955, Geology and ground water in part of Aiken, Barnwell, and Allendale Counties, South Carolina: Unpublished report prepared by the u.s. Geological Survey for the Savannah River Operations Office of the Atomic Energy Commission, 183 p.: Report on file at u.s. Geological Survey, Doraville, Georgia. 36 ____1967, Geology and ground water of the Savannah River Plant and vicinity, South Carolina: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 1841, 113 p. Sirrine, J. E., Company, 1980, Groundwater resource study, Sirrine Job No. P-1550, DCN-001: Unpublished report for Kimberly-Clark Corporation; J. E. Sirrine Company, Greenville, South Carolina, 26 p.: Report on file at U.S. Geological Survey, Doraville, Georgia. Smith, R. W., 1929, Sedimentary kaolins of the Coastal Plain of Georgia: Georgia Geological Survey Bulletin 44, p. 35-44. Stephenson, L. w., 1915, The Cretaceous- Eocene contact in the Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plain: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 90, p. 155181. Stephenson, L. w., and Veatch, J. 0., 1915, Underground waters of the Coastal Plain of Georgia, and a discussion of the quality of the water, by R. B. Dole: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 341, 539 p. Stringfield, V. T., 1966, Artesian water in Tertiary limestone tn the Southeastern States: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 517, 226 p. Thomson, M~ T., and Carter R. F., 1955, Surface-water resources of Georgia during the drought of 1954, part 1: Streamflow: Georgia Geological Survey Information Circular 17, 79 p. Todd, D. K., 1980, Ground-water hydrology, (2nd ed.): New York, John Wiley, 535 p. Tschudy, R. H., and Patterson, S. H., 1975, Palynological evidence for Late Cretaceous, Paleocene, and early and middle Eocene ages for strata in the kaolin belt, central Georgia: U. s. Geological Survey Journal of Research, v. 3, no. 4, p. 437-445. Van Nieuwenhuise, D. s., and Colquhoun, D. J., 1982, The Paleocene-lower Eocene Black Mingo Group of the eastcentral Coastal Plain of South Carolina: South Carolina Geology, v. 26, no. 2, p. 47-67. Vincent, H. R., 1982, Geohydrology of the Jacksonian aquifer in central and east-central Georgia: Georgia Geologic Survey Hydrologic Atlas 8, 3 sheets. Willoughby, R. H., Zullo, v. A., Edwards, 1. E., Nystrom, P. G., Prowell, D. c., Kite, 1. E., and Colquhoun, D. J., 1984, Oligocene (to Miocene?) marine deposits in Aiken County, South Carolina: Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 16, no. 3, P 205. 37 county Georgia Geoloeie n:~;ra I ::::~ I ~~~~~~ N_. or owner APPENDICES Appendix A.-R.eeord of selected -ns (Aquifer: G, Gordon aquife:r system; J, Jllcksonilm aquifer; U, D.lblin aquifer aystem. Use: A, agricultural; D, domestic:; I, industrial; P, public filupply; 0, observation. Wace.r level: reported level& are given in faet, aeaau.red levels are given in feet and tem:hs; '1eld: F, flowing. Deptb of well: >,greater tban) Date drilled or modified Depth of well (ft.) Depth of casing (ft) Diameter of well (in.) I Altitude of land surface (It) Aquifer(s) Above (+) or below (-) land surface (ft.) Yield (gal/min) Speeific capacity (gal/min/ft) I Use bm.llt"kll Blecldey Bulloch 19T4 ,..,. 33T4 1015 3225440832044 32234~ 0832108 3228340813513 n..o Williaau~, Jr. Cochran, 2 (uev) Cardell Dyches 300 417 220 1977 800 600 372 G,J 353 G,J 1<7 Burke 28W3 28114 28Zl 28Zl 29Z3 30Z6 28115 31Z9 w 29Y2 00 29Y4 28W4 32Y4 31Zl3 31Zl2 29Z4 Dodge 20R4 ~aael 27Ul Claacock 25Z4 26AA3 3248590821401 Midville, 1 06-24-46 482 200 185 G,J 3252270821301 Midville !xpmt. Sta., 2 (Va. Supply and Well, 2) 500 292 269 G,J 321128- 0821127 Oliver C1ure 175 251 331328- 0821127 c. r. Korri111 95 330951- r. p. Saxon (old 0820210 J. C. Scockmau) 170 2.5 241 207 331305- 0615234 Miller's Pond 92 42 117 325227- SE Ca.E.rpru.t.Sta. 0821311 I (Laytte-Atlautie. 1) 1968('!') 535 <54 268 330821- Ca. Pover Plaut 0814535 Vogtle e.onetr., 8 1976 251 220 255 3303100820354 Irbf Coe.bran, 1 1979 422 181 13.5 290 G,J 3207150820432 Paul Dye, 1 1979 364 244 13.5 305 3252270821301 SE Ga.!Xpnt.Sta. Va. Supply and Well, 2 500 292 Z69 G,J 330417- 0814305 WilliiJDI Cox, 2 06- -79 415 360 221 330837- Ga. Pove-r Pbnt 0814527 VOitle obsrv., 31 I 04-03-71 200 211 330848- Ca. Powu Plaut 0814548 Vogc.le ob8rv 32 I 04-ol-11 200 214 330853- W. T. Stone (old 0820209 D. O. Smith) 225 127 251 3212090831047 East,...n, 2 1927 705 705 12110, 8 360 3235130821915 SvaJ.nsboro, 5 11- -63 725 320 G,J 331350- 0823538 Kent Cann.ing Co. I 06- -60 lSO 75 18 355 3315460822711 Thiele Kaolin, W-1 153 145 440 25Z3 331335- 0823604 Cibeon., 3 1970(?) 203 435 Rouaton 17Tl 3222590833718 Houaton Co. !.rd. of Co1111111.sl!lion.ers, Baylleaville 347 278 11,10 .~ 425 Jeffenon 26W3 )251480822357 Wadley, 2 280 ZOl 230 26Xl 554 325947- 0822442 Louisville. 1 1 04- -58 367 70 257 26X7 3252420822408 Wadley, 3 491 233 278 G,J -148.0 -119.0 -120.0 -67.6 +20 +3.5 -60.7 +5.9 +1.6 +6.6 +4 ... +8 +1.3 +14.9 +8.7 -59.4 -107 _, -106 -60.7 -85 -90-5 -106.3 -106.0 -113.6 -111.0 -80 -55.5 -138-6 -171.6 -121 -31 -3'2.8 -66 -68.3 -115 -155 -155 -18.8 -14 -28.1 -63 -51.6 11-06-81 170 06-02-61 11-Q6-81 510 ll-Q3-81 400 06-24-l!6 11-17-81 oo 05-23-60 06-28-l!6 11-12-81 05-26-l!6 11-12-81 l7 07-03-l!6 ll-11-81 07-ol-l!6 lQ-23-80 09-19-68 720 10-16-76 100 01-08-79 800 01-lG-79 800 OS-23-80 06- -79 04-26-81 07-06-71 07-07-71 07-Q6-71 07-07-72 07--()3-l!6 11-11-81 03-16-l!3 11-05-81 11- -63 895 04-16-73 1Q-2D-80 60 06-10-71 10-2Q-80 87 1970 157 lQ- -64 02-1.-79 300 11-15-82 150 05-11-58 10-20-80 860 12-02-75 10-20-80 703 51.0 Screen 22Q-235 1 345-370 1 380-385, 395400 ft. Transllliuivit:y H 1900 ftlfd. 12.9 25.0 22.9 25.0 Open hole 200-482 fc. Well 67 in CCS Bulletin 64, Water-quality analysi, 08-20-81. Screen 292-301, 395-415, 434-l!44, l!55l!65. 484-494 ft. Well 30 in CCS Bulletin 6l!, Well 7 in. GGS Bulletin 64. Water-quality analysh 1 08-08-46. ~ I Well 13 in GGS Bulle.cin 64. Well 16 in CGS Bullecin 64. St:reen l!54-46lo 1 474-524 ft. Translllissiv1ty 8 1%00 fc2/d. Well destroyed. Se.re.en 210-240 fc. transmissivity 61900 fc.2/d. Open hole 181-422 ft. trann.iuivic;y 51600 ft2/d. Open hole 241"-364 ft. trannd.n1v1ty .. 6,200 ft2/d. Screen 291-)02, 395-416, 434-44l!, 45l!4651 484-494 ft. Se.run 365-415 ft. Perforated e.asing 200-210 ft. Perforated using ZOQ-210 ft. .5 6.2 2.5 7.5 13.5 Water-quality analyses 1 04-11-67, 09-28-71. Screen 75-85, 95-100, llQ-115, 145-150 ft. Screen 145-150 ft. transissivicy 1 1 500 ftZ/d. 30 ft of sereen-spae.ing unknown. Transmissivity 620 tel/d. Water-quality analysis, 09-0l!-81. Se.reen 278-289, 334-344 fc. Tr&nll111.hsivity 2 1 100 ttl/d. Sere.en 203-213, 222-242 ft. Water-quality e.nlyse.s, 03-11-63, 12-Ql-75. Se.reen 233-253, 411-431, 461-481 ft. Tra.nsmh:sivity 5,700 ft2/d. Appendix A.-Record of selecced wells-Concinue.d [Aquifer: G, Gordon a <.C 30W2 3252260815707 Magnolia State Park, 1 05- -39 357 218 G,J -50 -57.2 30W8 3248220815608 Millen, 2 (Walnut St. well) 400 230 182 G,J -32 -36.9 30W9 324923-- Joek.ey Inte.r- 0815700 nacional, 1 07- -74 401 155 10 169 G,J -13.5 Johnaon 24V4 324351- Wrightsvill,e, 0824314 Ga 3(?) 1970(?) 525 250 10 355 G,J -130 Laurens 21Ul 317 3232150830431 Dudley, 1 1952 369 21D2 323030- Ga. n.o.T. 87 0830246 Rest stop vell 09- -68 509 229 325 282 D,G,J -85.-4 -87.4 -48 -52.7 21U5 323030- 0830240 USGS 'N-1 11-05-80 800 800 6,4 282 -33.9 20U1 22T3 3233420830915 3226470825955 Montrose, Ga., Albert s. Mercer 353 116 420 300 10 391 G,J 220 -75 -121.4 -44.7 Pulaski. 1855 339 3217020832749 Opelika Mfg. Co. 319 150 227 G,J +2.1 -25.3 18R6 320941- 0832529 N. J. Bozman 1910 367 350 215 +17 +3.8 18R7 320827- 0832409 Elmer Triat 397 220 +6 18Sl3 3216050832438 Old Pulaski Co. High School 385 150 252 G,J -11 -44.5 18512 321652- Opelika Mfg. 0832757 Co., 2 390 306 245 -12.6 18515 321652- 0832624 Hartford, 2 1973(?) 420 374 230 -3 Richmond 27AA3 3316470821747 Fort Gordon test Yell 3 41.5 265 -2.6 28AA1 331730- 0821209 Blythe, 1 1966(?) 140 120 450 -108.67 06- -57 08- -79 535 1251 09-09-77 1000 1962 1962 11-13-78 11-15-82 1200 1200 105 1951 10-20-80 07-24-79 11-13-81 ll-17-81 1938 05- -39 11-13-81 07-06-77 ll-11-81 02-04-80 04-15-70 05-29-75 ll-10-78 09-03-68 01-28-82 01-28-82 10- -46 ll-06-81 11-06-81 07-17-53 11-03-81 1910 07-20-50 08-23-51 1934 06-29-50 07-29-71 1973 02-26-57 10-21-80 75F 200 30 580 400 160 40 700 500 17.5 75-100 638 349 174 20.0 20.0 21.3 29.0 5.6 Screen 266-322, 322-425 ft. Screen 220-300 ft. Transmissivity 5,700 ft2jd. Vater-qualley analysis, 05-.oJ-78. Screen 214-219, 242-247, 290-295~ 318328, 370-375 ftr fi.&ma:d...sS'i.Jrlly 5,800 ft2/d. Screen 254-275, 315-325, 367-372, 395400, 445-450 ft. Screeo. 135-145, 165-185 ft. Screen 370-380, 440--450, 460-465 ft. Tranam:Lsdvity 5,900 ft2/d. Waterquality analyses, 10-19-63, 10-06-70, 08-20-81. Screen 400-440 ft. Screen 200-360, 360-460 ft . Screen 230-352, 352-400 ft. Screen 50 ft. Intervals unkno~JD. Screen 339-369 ft. .::P I Screen 229-234, 335-346, 495-500 ft. Broken drill stem 1n well. Wacer-quali ty analysis, 02-18-66. A I Open hole 30~20 ft. Screen 150-170, 285-315 ft. Screen 150-302, 302-385 fc. Screen 306-367 ft. Transmissivicy 9,800 ft2/d. Screen 374-414 ft. Transmissivity .. 2,100 ft2/d. 0 Screen 120-140 ft. Water-quality analysis, 06-17-68. Appendix A.-l.e.cord of selected wells--coutinued (Aquifer: G, Gordon aquifer syst:em, J, JacltaoD.ian aquifero D, Dublin aquifer syst:em. Use: A, agricultural; D. domestic; I, indust:rial.; P, public supply; 0, observation. Water level: reported level& are given in feet, measured levels are given in feet: and teoth5; Yield: F, flowing. Dept:h of vell: ), a:reater t.ban) County Georgia Geologic u::~!ra !~:V~~ I ~:~~~~~: Name. or o>oro.e.r Date drilled or modified Depth of well (ft) Depth of casing (ft.) Diameter of well (in. ) A.lt:icude of land surface (fc) Watar l evel Specific I I I Above. (+) or below (-) Dte of Yield capacity I I Aquife.r(a) land surface. (ft) measurement (gal/min) (gal/min/ft) Usnt Remarks Screven 32Xl9 3254220813746 Millhaven Co. 361 124 109 G,J 33W25 325009- 0813245 Louts Pfeiffer 400 74 33Vl 3244420813108 Mrs. Cassie Ba:te.>re 480 6,3 107 32X23 325723- 0813758 Millhaven Co. 375 180 33X5 3252360813600 Ralph Dixon 1942 300 33Xl8 638 325724- w. S. Morris, Ill 0813218 (old Wade Plantation) 1959 326 201 102 110 G,J J4Wil 3248390812904 Ga. Dept. of Transportation 434 220 70 G,J J3Wl9 3252320813612 Ralph Dixon u- -62 368 220 98 G,J 3:nl23 3250410813405 s. A. Jenkins <11 200 84 G,J 32\1'13 3245()()- 0813822 Sylvania, 1 0&-08-39 490 10.8 225 ~ 32XH 295 . 32451D- 0813838 Sylvania, 3 490 125 12 199 G,J JJX27 3255040EH3005 R. ll. Taylor 400 200 73 G,J 32Xl5 lOU 3255550814008 Millhaven Co. 310 260 169 G,J 33X37 3257260813722 Millhaveo Plantat:ion Buena Vista well 565 l70 10 188 J2Ul8 33W24 33Xl0 Washington I 2SXl3 23XZ6 23X34 Wt2 23Z9 W'ilkinson l 19Wl9 20Wil6 3236120814il25 King Finishing Co., 2 670 253 149 G,J 325137- 0813409 A. S. Hilla Co. 1963(?) 535 95 325619- 0813149 Wade Plantation 1963(?) 369 205 91 3358450823635 Davisboro, 1 1966(?) 400 200 302 G,J 325858082"814 Sandersville, 7 467 140 455 G,J 32562-40824502 Holmes Canning Co., 2 335 182 385 G,J 325428- 0823954 Riddleville 408 411 330942- 0824717 Berman Snider 131 350 324954- Yara Engineer1nc, 0831743 G-13 40 440 3248230831316 Hollincsvorth 23 24 390 +5.6 +5.8 .... 8 -+4.1 -12.8 -19.2 -54.2 F -+0.5 F +20.7 +2.6 +1.1 .... 6 +7.4 +12.7 .... 2 -109.9 -127.2 -99.5 +12.4 +11 -45 -68 -34 .... , -+4.3 -50.6 -52.2 -222 -220.1 -140 -141.9 -84 -146.1 -20.5 -17.8 -3.6 07-16-63 11-09-81 08-13-63 11-lD-81 04-Q9-43 u-o3-Bl n-o9-Bl 07-12-63 11-10-81 06~6-63 11-10-81 08-15-63 11-09-81 08-14-63 11-10-81 08-13-63 11-09-81 06-<18-39 U-o4-8I 11-QI\-81 08-13-63 11-10-81 09- -58 70 05-02-79 1000 08- -65 08-13-63 08-13-63 04-20-66 1D-!l-80 1D-2l-80 11-16-82 08-Q6-73 ll-o.4-81 12-0I-66 u-o6-S1 10-22-80 05-27-79 05-14-79 1815 175 165 183 316 9.6 50.4 19.8 Screen 12-4-209 1 209-361 ft. Screen 220-374, 374--434 ft. Wat:erqualit:y analyda, 03-16-70. Screen ZOQ-254. 254-411 ft:. llater-qU&lity analyda 1 05-21-45. Screen 125-151. 151-490 ft. Screen 370-460, 477-502, SSQ-565 ft. Tranemiaaivity 3,500 ft2/d. Open bole 253-670. Transmissivity 13,000 ft2/d. Wat:er-quality ana1ysb 08-19-81. Well no longer used. Screen 140-150, 282-287. 307-317 ft:. Screen 182-187 25D-255. 325-330 ft.. Transmissivity 2,400 tt2/d. Appendix B.-Chemical analyses of water from the Gordon aquifer system Well n=be Owner or name Aquifer(s) [Aquifer: G0 Gordon aquifer system.; J, Jacksonian aquifer. <. less thanl Killigrallll!il per liter Dissolved , f--r--.---,------,-----,---.- ,----.----r-----.-----,--l solids Hardn'r :; ~. g. ~ f~ .. .. f.l~l i .~E~..~. Date ~ ~ ~ l sampled ~ 3 ~ i ~ ~ ~ z z ~' ' ~ ~ i ~ u c ..... ,; _g .:: e0 ]~" " ~ ~ 0 -~ .;~ ~ "' ;: ~ ~ ~ 8 I ~ 6 ~u' ~ ' ~ 0 ~ 2~ 5'i ~ Micrograms per Utet' e e . . ~ c ~ ~ ii ;j :!' u 0 3 ~ Georgia Environmental Protection Division standards for safe drinking water 1977 500 5o I 10 I 5o 11.000 I 3oo I 50 I so I 2.0 1 10 s.ooo 28W3 I Midville, Ga. 1 28AA2 I s.T. Corley 28Z1 I C.F. Morris 4 29Z1 I J. Thompson OS-2H1 I 43 I 47 ~8-46 os-oe-46 08-08-46 2.1 I 3.5 I 2.3 1140 I llS I 8.9 I 2.1 1 0.1 I 1.9 20 I 16 I 2.0 I 2.0 I .o I 4.3 3.0 I 2.0 I .1 I .oo 176 1144 I 9.0 I 3.0 I .o I .oo 183 1181 luo 1 1s I 248 I 7.7 120.6 21 11:~.5 19.S 140 18.S 4.3 I oo (10 39 I <10 I 18 I