CERAMIC AND STRUCTURAL CLAYS AND SHALES OF 
FLOYD COUNTY, GEORGIA 
BRUCE J. O'CONNOR 
 
DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION DIVISION GEORGIA GEOLOGIC SURVEY 
 
' ' 
\ GEORGIA \ 
L_~} 
INFORMATION CIRCULAR 68 
 
 COVER PHOTO: Floyd Shale (Mississippian) and clay at the former Griffin Pipe Products Co. clay pits (Smith Creek mine) approximately 5 miles west of Rome, near the Central of Georgia Railroad south of Huffaker Rd. (1 1/4 miles north of Ga. Hw. 20). This material is extensively used in the manufacture of brick and tile. (See location numbers Fl.31S-10, Fl.46-2, and Fl.57-ll for 
tests on samples from this general area.) 
 
 CERAMIC AND STRUCTURAL CLAYS AND SHALES OF FLOYD COUNTY, GEORGIA 
By Bruce J. O'Connor Senior Economic Geologist 
Information Circular 68 
GEORGIA DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES J. Leonard Ledbetter, Commissioner ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION DIVISION 
Harold F. Reheis, Assistant Director GEORGIA GEOLOGIC SURVEY 
William H. McLemore, State Geologi~t 
ATLANTA, GEORGIA 1986 
 
  TABLE OF CONTENTS 
 
SUBJECT 
 
Introduction . . . . .  
Acknowledgements . . . Location of Study Area  Explanation of Key Terms on the Ceramic Test and 
 
Analyses Forms   . . 
 
. .  
 
1. Absorption (%) . . . . . . . . . . . . 
 
2. App. Por. (%) - Apparent Porosity, Percent 
 
3. App. Sp. Gr. - Apparent Specific Gravity . 
 
4. Bloating . . . . .    . .  
 
5. Bloating Test (or Quick Firing Test) 
 
6. Bulk Density (or Bulk Dens.) 
7. Color . . .  . .  . . 8. Color (Munsell) ... 9. Compilation Map Location No. 10. Cone . . . . . .  11. Drying Shrinkage . 
12. Dry Strength  
 
13. Extrusion Test 
 
14. Firing Range  
 
15. Hardness ... 
 
16. Hardness (Mohs')  
 
17. HC1 Effervescence 
 
18. Linear Shrinkage, (%) 
 
19. Modulus of Rupture (MOR) . 20. Mohs 1      
 
21. Molding Behavior 22. Munsell . 
 
23. "MW" face brick 
 
24. PCE - Pyrometric Cone Equivalent  25. pH . . . . . . . 
 
26. Plasticity .. . 
 
27. Porosity, Apparent 28. Quick Firing  . .  
 
29. Saturation Coefficient  
 
30. Shrinkage 31. Slaking . . . . . .  32. Slow Firing Test . 33. So1u-Br. (Solu-Bridge) . 34. Soluble Salts 
 
35. Strength ... 
 
36. "SW" face brick 37. Temp. F ( C) 38. Water of Plasticity (%) 
 
39. Working Properties (or Workability) 
 
Ceramic Tests and Analyses of Clays and Shales in Floyd County, Georgia ..... 
 
Data Sources and References Cited 
 
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PAGE 
1 3 4 
12 13 13 15 16 16 17 17 17 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 21 22 22 23 23 23 23 23 24 24 25 25 25 25 25 26 26 27 28 29 29 29 29 30 
31 
235 
 
  LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS 
 
Figure 1 Plate 1 
 
Location of Floyd County Report Area ......... . 
Clay and Shale Test Locations in Floyd County ................................... . ... . 
 
5 Pocket 
 
LIST OF TABLES 
 
Table 1 
 
Active Clay and Shale Mines and Pits in Floyd 
 
County, Georgia .............................. 
 
6 
 
Table 2 
 
Summary of 20th Century Clay and Shale Mines 
 
and Companies in Floyd County, Georgia ....... . 
 
7 
 
Table 3 
 
Generalized Summary of Stratigraphic Units in 
 
Floyd County, Northwest Georgia .............. . 
 
9 
 
Table 4 
 
Abbreviations for Terms on the Ceramic Firing 
 
Test Forms..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
 
14 
 
-iv- 
 
  INTRODUCTION 
 
This report presents a compilation of all available published and 
 
unpublished ceramic firing tests and related analytical data on samples 
 
from Floyd County, Georgia. It provides information on mined and/or 
 
undeveloped clays, shales and related materials; and is intended for 
 
use by geologists, engineers and members of the general public. The 
 
report should aid 1n the exploration for deposits of ceram1c raw 
 
material with economic potential for future development. 
 
This 
 
information may also be of use to those who wish to obtain information 
 
on the potential use of particular deposits at specific locations. 
 
Tests by the U.S. Bureau of Mines, subsequently referred to as 
 
USBM, were performed by the Norris Metallurgy Research Laboratory, 
 
Norris, Tennessee and the Tuscaloosa Research Center, Tuscaloosa, 
 
Alabama under cooperative agreements with the Georgia Geologic Survey 
 
and its predecessors (i.e. , the Earth and Water Divis ion of the Ga. 
 
Department of Natural Resources; the Department of Mines, Mining and 
 
Geology; and the Geological Survey of Georgia). Many of the firing 
 
tests were performed on samples collected by former staff members of 
 
the Georgia Geologic Survey (and its predecessors) during several 
 
uncompleted and unpublished studies. These include work by Bentley 
 
(1964), Smith (1968?) and Tadkod (1980). Additional unpublished data 
 
presented in this compilation include work by TVA (see Butts and 
 
Gildersleeve, 1948, p. 124 and 125). Published data include studies by 
 
the following authors: Spencer (1893, p. 217 to 287; chemical analyses 
 
only), Veatch (1909, p. 272 to 388), Smith (1931, p. 241 to 276), and 
 
Butts and Gildersleeve (1948, p. 124 and 125). 
 
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 Regardless of the source, all of the ceramic firing testing data presented in this report ate based on laboratory tests that are preliminary in nature and wili rtot suffice for plant or process design. They do not preclude the use of the materials in mixes (Liles and 
Heystek, 1977, p. 5). 
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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The author gratefully acknowledges the help of many individuals during the preparation of this report and the work of many who contributed to the earlier, unpublished studies included here. The cooperative work of the U.S. Bureau of Mines forms the main data base of this study. During the last several years Robert D. Thomson, Chief of the Eastern Field Operations Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, was responsible for administering the funding of costs incurred by the USBM. Others in that office who helped coordinate the program were Charles T. Chislaghi and Bradford B. Williams. Since 1966 M.E. Tyrrell, H. Heystek, and A.V. Petty, Ceramic Engineers, and Kenneth J. Liles, Research Chemist, planned and supervised the test work done at the USBM Tuscaloosa Research Center in Tuscaloosa, Alabama. Prior to 1966 this test work was supervised by ceramists H. Wilson, G.S. Skinner, T.A. Klinefelter, H.P. Hamlin and M. V. Denny at the former Norris Metallurgy Research Laboratory in Norris, Tennessee. Tests by the Tennessee Valley Authority were conducted under the supervision of H.S. Rankin and M.K. Banks at the Mineral Research Laboratory on the campus of North Carolina State College, Asheville, North Carolina, using samples collected by S.D. Broadhurst. Additional tests were conducted by professors W.C. Hansard, L. Mitchell, and J.F. Benzel at the Department of Ceramic Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia. The majority of the unpublished tests were performed on samples collected by former staff geologists of the Georgia Geologic Survey, predominantly by J.W. Smith, A.S. Furcron, R.D. Bentley, N.K. Olsen, D. Ray, M.A. Tadkod, and G. Peyton, assisted by C.W. Cressler of the U.S. Geological Survey. N.K. Olsen and C.W. Cressler also have 
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 provided the author with valuable advice and suggestions regarding sample locations and past studies. The advice and encouragement of my colleagues on the staff of the Georgia Geologic Survey ar~ greatly appreciated. However, the contents of this report and any errors of omission or commission therein are the sole responsibility of the author. 
LOCATION OF STUDY AREA Floyd County is located at the southwestern corner of the Valley and Ridge province of northwest Georgia (Fig. 1). Fotlr companies are currently mining clay and shale in the county, and numerous operations have been active here in the past (Tables 1 and 2). The most abundant ceramic raw materials in the county are the shales and residual clays derived from the Floyd Shale and the Conasauga Group; however, other units such as the Rome, Red Mountain, Pennington and Gizzard Formations, as well as residual clays of the Knox Group, are locally well developed. The general nature of these and other geologic units which occur in the county are summarized on Table 3. 
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 Report Area- - 
 
0 10 20 MILES 
f-- I 1 I ...........J 
 
0 10 20 
 
KILOMETERS 
 
FIGURE 1 
 
i 
 
\ '\ 
 
i 
 
\'\ 
 
\ GEORGIA \ 
 
J 
 
. 
 
L_ ~./ 
 
-----~_: 
 
LOCATION OF FLOYD COUNTY REPORT AREA (after Cressler, and others, 1976) 
 
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 TABLE 1 
 
Active Clay and Shale Mines and Pits in Floyd County, Georgia* 
 
COMPANY CONTACT 
 
USE(S) LOCATION OF MINE, PIT OR QUARRY GEOLOGIC AGE-FORMATION 
 
Bickerstaff Clay Products Co., Inc. 
P. 0. Box 1178 Columbus, GA 31993 
R.E. Matheny Vice President, Production (205) 291-0930 
 
Neill pit: 3-1/2 miles west of Rome, on south side of Huffaker Rd., west of Woods Rd., north and south of Central of Ga. RR., 2 miles north of Ga. Hwy. 20 (Permit #192) 
 
Ceramic tile and brick. Mississippian-Floyd Shale. 
 
Florida Tile Industries, Inc. Possum Trot mine: 3 miles 
 
(Di vn. of Sike s Corp) 
 
northwest of Rome, 1/2 mile 
 
Shannon Plant, P.O. Box 962 north of Central of Ga. RR., 
 
Shannon, GA 30172 
 
and Huffaker Rd. (Permit #714) 
 
Ceramic tile. Mississippian-Floyd Shale. 
 
John Smith Plant Manager (404) 232-5181 or: P. 0. Box 447 One Sikes Blvd. Lakeland, FL 33802 
Warren E. Clegg, Exec. V.P. (813) 683-5431 
 
Smith Creek mine: approximately 5 miles west of Rome, along Central of Ga. RR., 11/4 miles north of Ga. Hwy. 20, south of Huffaker Rd., west of Bickerstaff's Neill pit. (Per- 
mit #736 - formerly operated by Griffin Pipe Products Co. of Milledgeville, Permit #052) 
 
General Shale Products Corp. P. 0. Box 3547 Johnson City, TN 37602 
Walker Banyas Vice President, Real Estate (615) 282-4661 
 
Martin pit: 5 miles west of Rome city limits on south side of Southern RR., south of Ga. Hwy. 20, east of Ga. Kraft paper mill. (Permit # 014formerly operated by Chattahoochee Brick Co. of Atlanta) 
 
Brick. Cambrian-Conasauga Group Shale. 
 
Billy Cantrell Mining Superintendent (404) 799-0491 
 
Jenkins Brick Co. 2620 Fisher Ave., NW. P. 0. Box 39188 Atlanta, GA 30318 (404) 794-4491 
or: P.O.Box 91, Montgomery, AL 36101 
 
Lavender pit: about 3 miles west of Rome, south side of Huffaker Rd., just east of Bickerstaff's Neill pit, along Central of Ga. RR. (Permit 4~567) 
 
Brick. Mississippian-Floyd Shale. 
 
Jim Shull, V.P. Production (205) 834-2210 
 
*After Kline and O'Connor, 1981, p. 11. 
 
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 TABLE 2 
Summary of 20th Century Clay and Shale Mines and Companies in Floyd County, Georgia 
 
Atlanta Brick and Tile Co. (1892?), Rome: 1958, P. 5). 
 
Common brick (Furcron, 
 
Berry School Brick Plant (c. 1930), Rome pits: Common brick from Floyd Shale. Purchased from Romega Clay Products Co., c. 1930 (Smith, 1931, No. 5, p. 75; Butts & Gildersleeve, 1958, No. 82). Ceramic test: Fl. 31S-5 a and b. 
 
*Bickerstaff Clay Products Co., Inc. (Columbus, 1970), Rome pits: Brick made from Floyd Shale bl ende d with other clay. Ceramic test: Fl. 77-1 and 80-2. 59 acres permitted. 
 
*Chattahoochee Brick Co. (Atlanta, 1885), Rome pits: Brick made from Floyd Shale blended with other clays. Ceramic test: Fl. 31S-11 and Fl. 57-1 (Smith, 1931, No. 11, p. 94; Furcron, 1958, p. 5). (Purchased from B. M. Hood Co. ?) 14 acres permitted. 
 
Crucial Fire Brick Company ( 1907), Rome plant and pits: Fire brick from bauxite and alluvial clays. Sold to' Romega Clay Products Co. before 1929 (Veatch, 1909, p. 422; Smith, 1931, No. 5, p. 75). 
 
W. S. Dickey Clay Mfg. Co. 0915), Rome plant and pits: Sewer pipe from various blends of Floyd Shale and clay. Purchased from Morrison and Trammel Brick Co., 1915, closed c. 1928? (Smith, 1931, No. 6, p. 83). Ceramic test: Fl. 31S-6. 
 
Dixie Brick Co. (Columbus, 1957?), Rome pits: Common brick (Furcron, 1958, p. 5). 
 
Florida Tile Co., Sikes Corp. (Florida, 1980), Shannon plant and Possum Trot Mine pit (also own former pits of Griffin Pipe Products Co.): Ceramic tile from Floyd Shale. 85 acres permitted. 
 
Griffin Pipe Products Co. (Milledgeville, 1908), Rome pits: Sewer pipe, flue lining, fire brick and drain tile from Floyd Shale blended with other clays at Milledgeville plant, Baldwin County, Ga. Purchased from Oconee Clay Products Co. (?) closed 1980. 76 acres permitted. Ceramic test: Fl. 80-4a to d. 
 
B. Mifflin Hood Co. (1925), Rome plant and pits: Roofing tile from Conasauga Group shales blended with alluvial clay. Purchased from Rome Brick Co., 1925. Ceramic test: Fl. 31S-18a and b (Smith, 1931 , No. 18, p. 112)  
 
*Jenkins Brick Co., Atlanta Brick and Tile Division, (Alabama, 1892, Rome pits: Brick from Floyd Shale. 43 acres permitted. 
 
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 TABLE 2. Summary of 20th Century Clay and Shale Mines and Companies in Floyd County, Georgia (continued) 
Morrison & Trammel Brick Co (1906), Rome plant and pits: Building brick. Sold to W. S. Dickey in 1915. Ceramic test: Fl. 09V-8 alluvial clay (Veatch, 1909, p. 324; Smith, 1931, No. 6, p. 83). 
Oconee Clay and Shale Products Co. (Milledgeville, 1929), Rome, Coosa and Bone pits: Structural and drain tile from Floyd Shale and clay blended with other clays at Milledgeville plant, Baldwin County, Ga. (Smith, 1931, No. 10, p. 93; Butts and Gildersleeve, 1948, No. 81; Furcron, 1958, p. 5). Sold to Griffin Pipe ? Ceramic test: Fl. 31S-8; 31S-10; 57-1 and 57-12. 
Rome Brick Company 0895), Rome plant and pits: Common brick. Sold to B. M. Hood Co., 1925. Ceramic test: Fl. 31S-18 (Veatch, 1909, p. 325; Butts and Gildersleeve, 1948, No. 83?; Smith, 1931, No. 18, p. 112; Furcron, 1958, p. 5). 
Romega Clay Products Co. (prior to 1929), Berry School plant and pits (Rome): Common brick and structural tile from Floyd Shale and residual clay. Acquired from Crucial (Fire) Brick Co., before 1919; sold to Berry School c. 1930 (Smith, 1931, No. 5, p. 75). 
Stevens, Inc. (Stevens Pottery), Rome pits (Dean property): Sewer p1pe from Floyd Shale shipped to Stevens Pottery (Baldwin County, Ga.) and blended with other clays several years before 1926 (Smith, 1931, p. 84). 
NOTE: 
The majority of the information for the companies listed above was taken from the Mining Directories (Circular 2, 1st to 18th editions) published by the Georgia Geologic Survey and its predecessors at irregular intervals since 1937. Some additional information came from the "Georgia Surface Mining and Land Reclamation Activities" published annually since 1969 by the Georgia Surface Mined Land Reclamation Program (Environmental Protection Division, Ga. Dept. of Natural Resources). Additional sources of information were found in the references cited at the end of each entry. Uncertainty in the dates is due to incomplete records in the Survey's files. 
* Active pit. 
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 TABLE 3 
 
Generalized Summary of Stratigraphic Units Ln Floyd County, Northwest Georgia 
 
CHRONOSTRATIGRAPHIC UNIT 
 
STRATIGRAPHIC UNITS - THICKNESS AND ROCK TYPES l/ 
 
Quaternary (and Tertiary?) 
 
* Various unnamed bodies of alluvial, colluvial and residual material. Largely clay and sand, but also, locally gravel and breccia. 
 
Pennsylvanian 
 
Gizzard Formation (or Group or Member) or Lookout Sandstone (or Formation) or Pottsvilre-Fermation - gray to tan shale, with interbedded siltstone, sandstone, coal and fire clay. Includes: 
Signal Point Member (or Shale)- Approx. 360ft., shale with some coal; Warren Point Member (or Sandstone)- Approx. 140ft., conglomeratic sandstone with minor coal; and Raccoon Mtn. Member (or Formation) - Approx. 175 ft., shale with coal. 
 
Mississippian 
 
Pennington Formation (or Shale) - Approx. 100-300 ft., gray, green and red shale. Sandstone present in middle. 
Bangor Limestone- Approx. 300-480 ft., fine- to coarse-grained gray limestone with interbedded shale at top. 
**Floyd Shale- Approx. 100-2000 ft., silt and clay with some sandstone; limestone present at base. Approximate age-equivalent to Tuscambia Limestone and Monteagle Limestone. 
Hartselle Formation (or Member or Sandstone) - Approx. 50-300 ft., thin- to thick-bedded sandstone. 
Monteagle Limestone - Approx. 250 ft. Includes: Golconda Formation (or Limestone)- Approx. 15-20 ft., green fissile shale containing some thin limestone; Gasper Limestone - Approx. 150 ft., gray, non-cherty limestone; and Ste. Genevieve Limestone - ,Approx. 245ft., gray, limestone. 
Tuscumbia Limestone - Approx. 125 ft. Includes: St. Louis Limestone- Approx. 125 ft., gray, very cherty limestone. 
Fort Payne Formation (or Che~t) - Approx. 10-125 ft., thin- to thick-bedded chert and cherty limestone. Locally includes: 
*Lavender Shale Member - Approx. 0-100 ft., shale, massive mudstone and impure limestone. 
 
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 TABLE 3 
 
Generalized Summary of Stratigraphic Units 1n Floyd County, Northwest Georgia (continued) 
 
CHRONOSTRATIGRAPHIC UNIT 
 
STRATIGRAPHIC UNITS - THICKNESS AND ROCK TYPES l/ 
 
Devonian 
 
~attanooga Shale - Approx. 5-10 ft., carbonaceous, fissile black shale. 
Armuchee Chert- Approx. 50-150ft., thin- to thick-bedded chert. 
 
Silurian 
 
Red Mountain Formation (formerly Rockwood Formation). - Approx. 600-1200 ft., sandstone, red and green shale, with conglomerate, limestone and local hematitic iron ore. 
 
Ordovician 
 
Chickamauga Group (or Limestone)- Approx. 400ft., dominantly limestones with some dolostone and lesser shale, claystone, 
siltstone, sandstone, anmd bentonite clay horizons. Equivalent, in part, to the Moccasin Limestone and Bays Formation and to the Rockmart Slate and Lenoir Limestone. Includes: 
Ma ysville Formation and Trenton Limestone; Lowv i lle-Moccasin Li mes tone; Lebanon Limestone; and Murfreesboro Limestone. 
 
Cambrian-Ordovician 
 
(*)Knox Group - Approx. 2000-4000 ft., dominantly cherty dolostone, minor limestone. Includes: Newala Limestone- Approx. 300ft., limestone and dolostone; Longview Limestone - Approx. 350ft.; Chepultepec Dolomite- Approx. 800ft.; and Copper Ridge Dolomite - Approx. 2500 ft. 
 
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 TABLE 3 
 
Generalized Summary of Stratigraphic Units 1n Floyd County, Northwest Georgia (continued) 
 
CHRONOSTRATIGRAPHIC UNIT 
 
STRATIGRAPHIC UNITS - THICKNESS AND ROCK TYPES lf 
 
Cambrian 
 
**Conasauga Group (or Formation) - Approx. 1500-2000 ft., predominantly shale and limestone with minor sandstone. Includes: "Upper Unit" = Nolichucky Shale - and Maryville Limestone? - Approx. 400-1600 ft.; "Middle Unit" = Rutledg~ Limestone and Rogersville Shale? - Approx. 200-400 f~.; and "Lower Unit" = Pumpkin Valley Shale and Honaker Dolomite? - Approx. 300-500 ft. 
*Rome Formation- Approx. 500-1000 ft., shale, and interbedded sandstone, siltstone and quartzite. 
Shady Dolomite (or Dolostone)- Approx. 30-100 ft., cherty gray dolomite limestone with minor shale. = "Beaver Limestone" of former usage. 
 
NOTES: 
* Some ceramic firing tests have been made on shales and clays of this unit. 
(*) Same as the above, but for residual clays only. ** Numerous firing tests have been made on this unit. 
1/ Descriptions based on data in Bergenback and others, 1980; Butts and Gildersleeve, 1948; Chowns, 1972, 1977; Chowns and McKinney, 1980; Crawford, 1983; Cressler 1963, 1964a and b, 1970, 1974; Cressler and others, 1979; Croft, 1964; Georgia Geologic Survey, 1976; Gillespie and Crawford, in press; Thomas and Cramer, 1979. 
 
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 EXPLANATION OF KEY TERMS ON THE CERAMIC TEST AND ANALYSES FORMS 
The test data and analyses which are presented here were compiled on a set of standardized forms (Ceramic Tests and Analyses) in the most concise manner consistent with the various laboratories represented. These forms are modified 1n large part after those used by the Pennsylvania Geological Survey (e.g., O'Neill and Barnes, 1979, 1981). 
It should be noted that, although the great majority of these tests were performed by the USBM, it was decided not to reproduce their data forms directly for several reasons. First, the USBM forms contain several entries which are not essential to this project (e.g., Date received) or do not make the most efficient use of space. Second, the USBM forms have been changed several times over the span of decades covered by the present compilation. Finally, investigators from other laboratories have reported parameters which were not measured by the USBM. 
The paragraphs which follow briefly describe, 1n alphabetical order, the more critical entries on the forms, the nature of the lnformation included and, where possible, the various factors and implications to be considered in their interpretation. Many of the particular comments here are based on descriptive information published in the following sources. Tests by Georgia Geologic Survey authors are described in Veatch (1909, p. 50 to 64) and in Smith (1931, p. 19 to 25), while the particulars of the USBM studies are given in Klinefelter and Hamlin (1957, especially p. 5 to 41) and in Liles and Heystek ( 1977, especially p. 2 to 16). The discuss ions which follow are not intended to be exhaustive but are merely meant to remind the reader, 
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 and potential user, of the key aspects of the information presented. 
 
Various technical texts and reports should be consulted for more 
 
detailed information (e.g., Clews, 1969; Grimshaw, 1972; Jones and 
 
Beard, 1972; Norton, 1942; Patterson and Murray, 1983). 
 
The 
 
abbreviations used on these test forms are defined in Table 4. 
 
1. Absorption (%) The absorption ~s a measure of the amount of water absorbed by 
open pores ~n the fired specimen and ~s g~ven as a percentage of the specimen's dry weight. For slow firing tests, it ~s measured on fired specimens which have been boiled in water for 2 to 5 hours and then kept immersed ~n the water for up to 24 hours while cooling (Smith, 1931, p. 22; Klinefelter and Hamlin, 1957, p. 27-28; Liles and Heystek, 1977, p. 3). For the quick firing tests, however, the specimens are not boiled but only cooled and then immersed in water for 24 hours (Liles and Heystek, 1977, p. 4). 
The absorption gives an indication of the amount of moisture.which may be absorbed and subject to destructive freezing ~n outdoor structures. Less than 22% absorption is considered promising for slow-fired materials. 
 
2. Appr. Por. (%) - Apparent Porosity, Percent The apparent porosity ~s a measure of the amount of open pore 
space ~n the fired sample, relative to its bulk volume, and is expressed as a percent. As in the case of absorption values, it ~s based on the weight and volume of the specimen which has been boiled in water for 2 to 5 hours and then kept immersed in water for several hours as it cools (Klinefelter and Hamlin, 1957, p. 27 to 28; Liles and Heystek, 
 
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 TABLE 4 
Abbreviations for Terms on the Ceramic Firing Test Forms ABBREVIATIONS 
Appr. Por. = Apparent Porosity App. Sp. Gr. = Apparent Specific Gravity 
Btw. = Bartow County 
C = Degrees Celsius Ct. = Catoosa County Cht. = Chattooga County 
Dd. = Dade County Dist. =District 
DTA = Differential Thermal Analysis 
E. East F Degrees Fahrenheit Fl. = Floyd County 
g/cm3 = Grams per cubic centimeter 
Gdn. Gordon County 
Lab. & No. = Laboratory (name) and number (assigned in laboratory) 
Lat. =Latitude LOI = Loss on Ignition Long. = Longitude lb/in2 = Pounds per square inch 
lb/ft3 = Pounds per cubic foot 
Mry. Murray County 
N. = North NE. =Northeast NW. = Northwest org. = Organic 
Plk. = Polk County 
S. = South SE. = Southeast SW. = Southwest Sec. = Section 
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 Table 4. Abbreviations for Terms on the Ceramic Firing Test Forms (continued) 
7 1/2' topo. quad. = 7 and 1/2 minute topographic quadrangle Temp. = Temperature 
TVA = Tennessee Valley Authority USBM = U.S. Bureau of Mines 
USGS = U.S. Geological Survey 
W. =West 
Wkr. = Walker County 
Wf. =Whitfield County XRD = X-ray diffraction 
1977, p. 3). The apparent porosity is an indication of the relative resistance to damage during freezing and thawing. Less than 20% apparent porosity is considered promising for slow-fired materials (O'Neill and Barnes, 1979, p. 14, Fig. 4). 
3. App. Sp. Gr. - Apparent Specific Gravity As reported ~n earlier USBM studies, the apparent specific gravity 
is. a measure of the specific gravity of that portion of the test specimen that is impervious to water. This ~s determined by boiling the sample in water for 2 hours and soaking it in water overnight or 24 hours (Klinefelter and Hamlin, 1957, p. 27 to 28). These data were replaced by bulk density and apparent porosity measurements after the USBM moved its laboratories from Norris, Tennessee to Tuscaloosa, Alabama in 1965. 
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 4. Bloating Bloating 1s the term given to the process in which clay or shale 
fragments expand (commonly two or more times their original volume) during rapid firing. It results from the entrapment of gases which are released from the minerals during firing but which do not escape from the body of the host fragment due to the viscosity of the host at that temperature. Bloatirtg is a desirable and essential property for the production of expanded lightweight aggregate where an artificial pumice or scoria 1s produced. Expanded lightweight aggregate has the advantages of light weight and high strength compared to conventional crushed stone aggregate. Bloating is not desirable, however, in making other structural clay products such as brick, tile and sewer pipe where the dimensional characteristics must be carefully controlled. In these cases bloating is extremely deleterious s1nce it leads to variable and uncontrollable warping, expansion and general disruption of the fired clay body (Klinefelter and Hamlin, 1957, p. 39-41). 
5. Bloating Test (or Quick Firing Test) The Bloating Test refers to the process of rapidly firing (or 
"burning") the raw sample in a pre-heated furnace or kiln to determine its bloating characteristics for possible use as a lightweight aggregate. Although specific details of the different laboratory methods vary, all use several fragments of the dried clay or shale placed in a refractory plaque (or 11boat 11 ) which in turn is placed in the pre-heated furnace for 15 minutes (Klinefelter and Hamlin, 1957, p. 41; Liles and Heystek, 1977, p. 4). 
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 6. Bulk Density (or Bulk Dens.) The bulk density is a measure of the overall density of the fired 
specimen based on its dry weight divided by its volume (including pores). Determinations are the same for slow firing and quick firing test samples, although for the latter the results are given in pounds per cubic inch as well as grams per cubic centimeter units (Klinefelter and Hamlin, 1957, p. 27 to 28 and 41; Liles and Heystek, 1977, p. 3 and 4). If quick-fired material yields a bulk density of less than 62.4 lb/ft3 (or if the material floats in water), it 1.s considered prom1.s1.ng for lightweight aggregate (K. Liles, oral communication, 1984). 
7. Color The color of the unfired material, unless otherwise stated, repre- 
sents the crushed and ground clay or shale. In most cases this 1s given for descriptive purposes only s1nce it 1s generally of no practical importance for ceramic applications (only the fired color 1s significant). Here only broad descriptive terms such as light-brown, cream, gray, tan, etc. are used. Fired colors are more critical and therefore more specific descriptive terms and phrases are used (Klinefelter and Hamlin, 1957, p. 18 and 19). In many cases the Munsell color 1.s g1.ven for a precise description (see discussion below). 
8. Color (Munsell) This is a system of color classification based on hue, value (or 
brightness) and chroma (or purity) as applied to the fired samples in this compilation. It W<JS used by Smith (1931, p. 23-25) and by the 
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 USBM since the early 1970's (Liles and Heystek, 1977, p. 3; Liles, oral communication, 1982). In all other cases the fired color was estimated visually. 
 
9. Compilation Map Location No. This number or code was assigned by the author to p~ovide ~ syste- 
matic designation to be used in plotting sample locatioQs on the bqse maps as shown by the typical example below. 
 
Example: 
 
Map Locn. No . 
 
County Name - Abbreviation (Floyd) 
 
Fl. 31 S - 7 a 
l 
 
Date (1931) . 
 
Author's last initial (Smith) -for published data only 
 
Sample se quence number (one it per loc ation). 
 
De signa tion used only for cases of more than one test per location. 
 
The map location number Fl. 31S-7a 1s derived from the couqty qame (e.g., Fl. for Floyd County), the year the tests were performed (e.g., 31 for 1931) plus the last initial of the author for major published sources (e.g., S for Smith), followed by a sequence nu!llber assigned in chronological order or sequential order for published data. (The only exceptions to this are the tests reported in Smith, 1931, wherein the sequence number of the present report 1s the same as the "Map location No." of Smith.) Each map location number represents a 
 
-18- 
 
 specific location, or area, sampled at a particular time. In cases where several separate samples were collected from a relatively restricted area, such as an individual property, such samples are designated a, b, c, etc. Different map location numbers have been assigned to samples which were collected from the same general locality, such as a pit or quarry, but which were collec~ed by different investigators at different times. 
10. Cone Standard pyrometric cones, or cones, are a pyrometric measure of 
firing temperature and time in the kiln. They are small, three-sided pyramids made of ceramic materials compounded 1n a series, so as to soften or deform 1n progress1on with increasing temperature and/or time of heating. Thus, they do not measure a specific temperature, but rather the combined effect of temperature, time, and other conditions of the firing treatment. The entire series of cones ranges from about 1ll2F (600C) to about 3632F (2000C) with an average interval of about 20C between cones for a constant, slow rate of heating (Klinefelter and Hamlin, 1957, p. 29). For the past several decades the use of these cones has been limited to the Pyrometric Cone Equivalent (PCE) test (Liles and Heystek, 1977, p. 16). However, all of the ceramic firing tests reported by Veatch (1909) and Smith (1931) as well as some of the earliest USBM tests report firing conditions in terms of the standard cone numbers. 
11. Drying Shrinkage The drying shrinkage 1s a measure of the relative amount of 
shrinkage (in percent) which the tempered and molded material undergoes 
-19- 
 
 upon drying. Although there are a variety of ways by which this can be measured, 1n this report the shrinkage values represent the percent linear shrinkage based on the linear distance measured between two reference marks or lines imprinted on the plastic specimen before drying. Even though the methods have vaded in detail, the drying is usually accomplished in two stages: first, by air drying at room temperature (usually for 24 hours) and second, by drying in an oven followed by cooling to room temperature in a desiccator (Klinefelter and Hamlin, 1957, p. 30-31; Liles and Heystek, 1977, p. 3). In most cases the heating was at 2l2F (l00C) for 24 hours; however, studies by Smith (1931, p. 20 and 21) employed 167F (75C) for 5 hours followed by 230F (ll0C) for 3 hours. 
12. Dry Strength The dry strength (or green strength) is a measure of the appar- 
ent strength of the clay or shale after it has been molded and dried. Unless otherwise indicated, it represents the tranverse, or crossbreaking, strength as opposed to either tensile strength or compressive strength. For the great majority of cases only the approximate dry strength is indicated as determined by visual inspection, using such terms as low, fair, good, or high (Klinefelter and Hamlin, 1957, p. 32-33; Liles and Heystek, 1977, p. 2). Smith (1931, p. 12-13) reports a quantitative measurement of this strength using the modulus oE rupture (MOR) expressed in units of pounds per square inch (psi). 
13 . Extrusion Test 
. . More extensive tests are sometimes made on clays and shales which 
-20- 
 
 show good plasticity and long firing range 1n the preliminary test. In the Extrusion Test several ~ars are formed 11sing a de-airing extrusion machine (i.e., one which operates with a vacuum to remove all possible air pockets). These bars are fired and tested for shrinkage, strength (modulus of rupture) and water saturation coefficient (Liles and Heystek, 1977, p. 8). 
14. Firing Range The term firing range indicates the temperature interval over 
which the material shows favorable firing characteristics. For slowfired materials such desirable qualities include: a) good strength or hardness; b) good color; c) low shrinkage; d) low absorption; and e) low porosity. For quick-fired materials these include: a) good pore structure; b) low absorption; and c) low bulk density. For slow-firing and quick-firing tests the firing range should be at least 100F (55C) to be considered promising (O'Neill and Barnes, 1979, p. 15-18). 
15. Hardness The hardness, as measured on fired materials, indicates the 
resistance to abrasion or scratching. It is designated either in verbal, descriptive terms or 1n numerical terms using Mohs' hardness (Liles and Heystek, 1977, p. 3). It is used as an indication of the strength of the fired materials. Smith (1931), however, measured the fired strength with the modulus of rupture. 
16. Hardness (Mohs') The hardness of fired specimens us1ng the Mohs' scale of hardness 
-21- 
 
 1s currently used by the USBM as a numerical measure of the fired bodies 1 strength (Liles and Heystek, 1977, p. 3). The values correspond to the hardness of the following reference minerals: 
 
Mohs 1 Hardness No . 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 
9 10 
 
Reference Minerals Talc Gypsum Calcite Fluorite Apatite Orthoclase Quartz Topaz Corundum Diamond 
 
A Mohs 1 hardness greater than 3 1s considered promising for slow- 
 
fired materials. 
 
17. HCl Effervescence The effervescence 1n HCl is visually determined as none, slight or 
high based on the reaction of 10 ml of concentrated hydrochloric acid added to a slurry of 10 grams powdered clay or shale (minus 20 mesh) in 100 ml of water (Klinefelter and Hamlin, 1957, p. 17; Liles and Heystek, 1977, p. 4). This test gives a general indication of the amount of calcium carbonate present in the sample. An appreciable effervescence could be an indication of potential problems with lime pops and/or frothing of slow-fired ceramic products. 
 
18. Linear Shrinkage, (%) The term linear shrinkage represents the relative shrinkage of the 
clay body after firing. In most cases it represents the percent total linear shrinkage from the plastic state and is based on measurements 
 
-22- 
 
 between a pa1r of standard reference marks imprinted just after molding (Klinefelter and Hamlin, 1957, p. 30-32; Liles and Heystek, 1977, p. 3). (Also see the discussion under Drying Shrinkage.) Smith (1931, p. 22) g1ves the shrinkage relative to both the dry, or green, state (under the column headed Dry) as well as the plastic state (under the column headed Plastic). A total shrinkage of 10% or less is considered promising for slow-fired materials. 
19. Modulus of Rupture (MOR) The modulus of rupture is a measure of the strength of materials 
(for crossbreaking or transverse strength 1n this compilation) based on the breakage force, the distance over which the force was applied and the width and thickness of the sample. The MOR is expressed in ps1 units (pounds per square inch) for the limited MOR data reported here (determined by Smith, 1931, p. 21 and 23). 
20. Mohs' See Hardness (Mohs'). 
21. Molding Behavior See Working Properties. 
22. Munsell See Color (Munsell). 
23. "MW" face brick "MW" stands for moderate weather conditions. Thi$ is a grade of 
brick suitable for use under conditions where a moderate, non-uniform 
-23- 
 
 degree of frost action 1s probable (Klinefelter and Hamlin, 1957, p. 36 and 37; ASTM Annual Book of Standards, 1974). (Also see "SW" face brick.) 
 
24. PCE - Pyrometric Cone Equivalent 
 
The PCE test measures t~e relative refractoriness, or temperature 
 
resistance, of the clay or shale; it is indicated in terms of standard 
 
pyrometric cones. The value given is the number of the standard pyro- 
 
metric cone which softens a~d sags (or falls) at the same temperature 
 
as a cone made from the clay or shale being studied. These tests are 
 
usually only made on refractory materials which show favorable poten- 
 
tial in the preliminary slow firing tests (i.e., high absorption, low 
 
shrinkage, and light fired color). The results are usually given for 
 
the upper temperature range Cone 12 (1337C; 2439F) to Cone 42 
 
(2015C; 3659F) where the temperature equivalents are based on a heat- 
 
ing rate of 
 
per hour. With 1. ncreas1.ng temperature 
 
resistance the sample is designated as either a low-duty, medium-duty, 
 
high-duty, or super-duty fire clay (Klinefelter and Hamlin, 1957, p. 
 
29-30 and 57-58; Liles and Heystek, 1977, p. 16). 
 
25. pH The pH is a measure of the relative acidity or alkalinity with 
values ranging from 0 to 14. (A pH of 7 is neutral. Values greater than this are alkaline whereas those which are less than 7 are acid.) Most of the ceramic tests by the USBM presented here show pH values as determined on the crushed and powdered raw material (in a water slurry) prior to firing (Klinefelter and Hamlin, 1957, p. 28; Liles and Heystek, 1977, p. 4). 
 
-24- 
 
 Strongly acid or alkaline pH values may g1Ve some indication of potential problems with efflorescence and scum due to water-soluble salts in the clay. Unfortunately, no simple and direct interpretation is possible from the pH data alone. The best method for determining these salts is through direct chemical analysis as described under Soluble Salts. (Also see Solu-Br.) 
26. Plasticity See Working Properties. 
27. Porosity, Apparent See App. Per. 
28. Quick Firing See Bloating Test. 
29. Saturation Coefficient The saturation coefficient 1s determined only for specimens which 
have undergone the more extensive Extrusion Test. It is determined by submerging the fired specimen in cool water for 24 hours, followed by submerging the specimen in boiling water for 5 hours. The saturation coefficient is found by dividing the percent of water absorbed after boiling into the percent of water absorbed after the 24-hour submergence (Liles and Heystek, 1977, p. 8). 
30. Shrinkage See Drying Shrinkage and Linear Shrinkage. 
-25- 
 
 31. Slaking See Working Properties. 
32. Slow Firing Test Slow Firing Test refers to the process of firing ("burning") the 
dried specimen 1n a laboratory furnace or kiln. Although specific details of the different laboratory methods vary, all specimens are started at room temperature and are slowly heated to the desired temperature over a specific interval of time. 
The majority of the slow firing tests by the USBM reported here were made using 15-minute draw trials. In this method a set of molded and dried test specimens are slowly fired in the kiln or furnace. The temperature is gradually raised to 1800F (982C) over a period of 3 to 4 hours (to avoid disintegration of the specimen as the chemically combined water is released) and the temperature is held constant for about 15 minutes. One specimen 1s removed from the kiln (a draw trial) and the temperature 1s raised to the next level (usually 1n intervals of 100F). At each interval the temperature is again held constant for a 15-minute soak and then one specimen 1s withdrawn. This process 1s repeated until the final temperature is achieved (usually 2300 or 2400F; 1260 or 13l6C) - see Klinefelter and Hamlin (1957, p. 19 and 30). The disadvantage of this draw trial method is that it tends to underfire the specimens, compared to the industrial process, since they are soaked for a relatively short time and quickly cooled by removal from the kiln. 
Since the early 1970's the USBM has abandoned the draw trials and has adopted a method which more closely resembles the conditions of 
-26- 
 
 commercial manufacture. As described by Liles and Heystek (1977, p. 2 and 3), one of the test specimens 1s slowly fired, over 24 hours, to 1832oF ( 1000C), where it is held for a one-hour soa\<.. Th~i;! kiln 1s then turned off, but the specimen remains in the kiln as it slowly cools. (This gives a much closer approximation of most commercial firing processes.) This is subsequently repeated, one specimen at a time, for successive 50C intervals usually up to 2282F (1250C). Unfortunately, only a relatively small part of the current data set 1s represented by USBM tests using this newer method. 
The firing test methods used by Smith (1931, p. 21 and 22.) are somewhat intermediate to the two methods described above. First, the specimens were slowly fired from 200 to 1200F ( 93 to 649C) over a period of 11 hours. The temperature was subsequently increased at a rate of 200F per hour for approximately 4 hours followed by 100F per hour until final temperature conditions were reached. At these later stages firing conditions were monitored using standard pyrometric cones 1n the kiln. The maximum firing temperature was determined from observed pyrometric cone behavior. This temperature was based on the temperature equivalent to 2 cones below the desired final cone. The kiln temperature was then held constant until the desired cone soaked down. Test specimens were then removed from the kiln and allowed to cool. Smith's firings averaged about 17 hours 1n the kiln and all specimens were fired to cones 06, 04, 02, 1, 3 and S wherever possible. No specific information is available on the methods employed by Veatch (1909) or the unpublished data from TVA or Georgia Tech. 
33. Solu-Br. (Solu-Bridge) Solu-Bridge measurements were used 1n the 1950's and 60's by the 
-27- 
 
 USBM as a measure of the soluble salts (e.g., calcium sulfate) 1n the unfired raw material which might cause scum and efflorescence on fired products. "The solubridge and pH readings show the higher alkali samples. Solubridge determinations give the water soluble part of the 
alkalis and readings above 1.5 indicate fairly high soluble salt 
content. Clays containing high alkalies have rather short maturing temperatures and require closer firing control. The alkalis also 
influence the color and lower the vitrification temperature 11 (H.P. Hamlin, written communication, 1957). In this method the pulverized 
clay or shale is boiled 1n water, left to stand overnight, and filtered. The content of soluble salts in the solution 1s then measured using the Solu-Bridge instrument readings applied to suitable 
calibration tables (Klinefelter and Hamlin, 1957, p. 28-29). These 
data are no longer collected because consistent and meaningful results are difficult to achieve. 
34. Soluble Salts Excessive water-soluble salts can cause problems with efflores- 
cence or scum on fired clay products. (More than 3 to 4% calcium 
sulfate, and 1/2% magnesium or alkali sulfates are considered exces- 
sive.) The most accurate determinative method 1s to boil the finely 
powdered sample in distilled water for 1/2 to 1 hour and let it soak 
overnight. The decanted solution 1s then analyzed for the soluble salts using standard chemical methods. The Solu-Bridge readings may also be used as a general measure of the soluble salts (Klinefelter and 
Hamlin, 1957, p. 28). 
-28- 
 
 35. Strength See Dry Strength and Modulus of Rupture. 
36. "SW" face brick "SW" stands for severe weather conditions. This 1s a grade of 
brick suitable for use under conditions where a high degree of frost action is probable (Klinefelter and Hamlin, 1957, p. 36 and 37, and theASTM Annual Book of Standard~, 1974). (Also see "MW" face brick.) 
37. Temp. F (C) The temperature at which the material was fired (both slow and 
quick firing tests) is given in Fahrenheit (F) followed by the Celsius ( C) conversion in parentheses. In cases where only pyrometric cone values are available, the approximate temperature is given on the form and is based on the table of temperature equivalents in Norton (1942, p. 756, Table 128) or in Veatch (1909, p. 57). 
38. Water of Plasticity (%) 
This is a measure of the amount of water (as weight percent relative to the dry material) required to temper the pulverized raw clay or shale into a plastic, workable consistency. This is not a precise ~easurement, being dependent upon the experience of the technician, the type of equipment used and the plasticity criteria. In most cases it represents the amount of water necessary for the material to be extruded into briquettes from a laboratory hydraulic ram press. In general, high water of plasticity values tends to correlate with a greater degree of workability, higher plasticity and finer grain size. Unfortunately, high values also correlate with a greater degree of shrinkage, 
-29- 
 
 warping and cracking of the material upon drying. (See Klinefelter and Hamlin, 1957, p. 20-22; Liles and Heystek, 1977, p. 2.) 
39. Working Properties (or Workability) This area of working properties includes comments on the slaking, 
plasticity, and molding, or extruding behavior of the tempered material (Klinefelter and Hamlin, 1957, p. 5, 19-22 and 33-34). The term slaking refers to the disintegration of the dry material when immersed in water. It may range in time from less than a minute to weeks, but generally in the present report it is given only a relative designation such as rapid, slow, or with difficulty. Plasticity likewise is designated in a comparative manner in order of decreasing plasticity: plastic, fat (or sticky), semiplastic, short (or lean), semiflint and flint. Molding behavior is referred to as good, fair, or poor and 1s a general designation for the ease with which the material can be molded into test bars or briquettes. 
These working properties are very imprecise and strongly dependent upon the judgement and experience of the operator. They do, however, g1ve a general indication of how the material might respond to handling in the industrial process. 
-30- 
 
 Ceramic Tests and Analyses of Clays and Shales 
in Floyd County, Georgia * 
* The data presented in this report are based on laboratory tests 
that are preliminary in nature and will not suffice for plant or process design. 
-31- 
 
 CERAMIC TESTS AND ANALYSES 
 
Material --~C_l_a~y~~b~a_u~x_i~t~i~c~ ----------------- Compilation Map Location No. Fl.09V-l 
 
County 
 
Floyd 
 
Raw Properties: 
 
Sample Number --------------- 
Lab & No. Ga. Geol. Survey. 
 
Date Reported 1909 
 
Ceramist 0. Veatch, Ga. Geol. Survey. 
 
--~~------------- 
 
Water of Plasticity ___________%Working Propertiea Very poor plasticity. 
 
Color White or mottled . 
 
Drying Shrinkage --------2-% Dry St~ength (tensile) Low. 
 
Slow Firing Tests: 
 
Aprox. Temp. 
OF 
CO c) 
 
Color 
 
Hardness 
 
Linear 
 
Absorption Appr. Por. Other 
 
Shrinkage, % 
 
% 
 
% 
 
data: 
 
2210 
 
White Soft 
 
4.7 
 
(1210) 
 
(Cone 4) 
 
2534 
 
White Soft, 
 
5.5 
 
(1390) (Cone 13) 
 
friable 
 
3362 
 
White 
 
(1850) 
 
(Cone 36) 
 
Unfused 
 
Remarks / Other Tests It "should be suitable for high gr ade fire brick. The only 
common fluxing imp urity is a small pe rcentage of iron." (Veatch, 1909, p. 266). 
Preliminary Bloating (Quick Firing) Tests: Not determined. 
 
-32- 
 
 locn. no. Fl.09V-l , cdnt. 
 
Crushing Characteristics (unfired material) 
 
Particle Size ------------ Retention Time -------------- 
Ch emi ca l & Mineral og ical Data: Not determined. 
 
Chemical Analysis 
 
Oxide 
 
Weight % 
 
Sio 2 
TAFeil 022oo2 33 
FeO MnO 
 
MgO 
 
CaO 
Na 2o 
K20 
Pz05 
s c 
 
(total) (org.) 
 
HCO2oz - 
H2o+ Ignition 
loss Total 
 
Mineralogy Mineral 
Quartz Feldspar Carbonate Mica Chlorite- 
vermiculite Montmorillonite 
Others 
Total 
 
volume % 
 
Analyst 
 
Da t e ------------- 
Me thod --------------------------- 
Sample Location Data: 
 
Coun t y ____F_l_o~y~d_.________ Land Lot 103 
 
Sec. 3 
 
Dist. 23 
 
7 l/2' topo quad. Shannon (cntr.) 
 
 Lat. 
 
Long . 
 
Field No. 
 
Collected by 0. Veatch 
 
Date c . l909. 
 
Sample Method Grab(?). 
 
Heathering/alteration Residual(?) clay. 
 
Structural Attitude --------------------------------------------------------- 
Stratigraphic Assignment Eocene(?) residual clay. ~~~~~~~~~--~~~-------------------------- 
Sample Description & Cormnents Sample of soft, "lean" white or mottled bauxitic clay from an ope n pit 35 ft. or more deep at the "103" mine of the Re pub li c Minin g & Manu f acturin g Company, He~itage District, 5 mi . NE. of Rome (Veatch, 1909, p. 265266). (Also in Watson, 1904, p.66 and White and others, 1966, Plate 1.) 
 
Compiled by B.J. O'Connor 
 
Date 
 
11-29-82 
 
-33- 
 
 CERAMIC TESTS AND ANALYSES 
 
Material Bauxite (low grade). 
 
Compilation Map Location No. Fl.09V-2 
 
County floyd 
~~~------------------- 
 
Raw Properties: 
 
Lab & No. 
 
Sample Number Ga . Geol. Survey, #44. 
 
Date Reported --1-9-0-9-.------------- Cerami~t 0. Veatch, Ga. Geol. Survey. 
 
------- Water of Plasticity 
 
% Working Properties 
 
---------- Color Iron-stained. Drying Shrinkage 
 
% Pry Strength ---------------- 
 
Slow Firing Tests: 
 
Approx. Temp. 
OF 
(oC) 
 
Color 
 
Hardness 
 
Linear 
 
Absorption Appr. Por. Other 
 
Shrinkage, % 
 
% 
 
% 
 
data: 
 
3362 (1850) (Cone 36) 
 
Unfused 
 
Remarks / Other Tests This material "would probably have to be calcined before it could be successfully burned." (Veatch, 1909, p. 266). 
Preliminary Bloating (Quick Firing) Tests: Not determined. 
 
-34- 
 
 locn. no. Fl.09V-2 , cont. 
 
Crushing Characteristics (unfired material) 
 
Particle Size ------------ Retention Time -------------- 
 
Chemical & Mineralogical Data: 
 
Chemical Analysis 
 
Oxide 
 
Weight % 
 
Si02 
 
41.20 
 
Ti02 
Al203 Fe203 FeO 
 
(total) 
 
1. 95 38.60 
1.45 
 
MnO 
 
MgO 
 
0.30 
 
CaO 
Na 2o 
K20 
 
0.02 0.09 
 
P205 
s c 
 
(total) (org.) 
 
C02 
H2 o- 
H2o+ 
 
0.35 16.35 
 
Ignition 
 
loss 
 
Total 
 
100.31 
 
("kaolin" sample from same Land Lot, but exact location 
 
unknown) 
 
Mineralogy: Not determined. 
 
Mineral 
 
volume % 
 
Quartz Feldspar Carbonate Mica Chlorite- 
vermiculite Montmorillonite 
Others 
 
Total 
 
Analyst (in Spencer, 1893, p. 281; and 1n Veatch, 1909, p. 266 and Appendix B, No. 44, p. 412-413.) 
 
Date 1893. 
 
Method Standard "wet". 
 
Sample Location Data: 
 
County Floyd. 
 
Land Lot 21 (N. 1/2). 
 
----~----------- 
 
7 l/2' topo quad. Shannon (NE. 1/4) . Lat. 
 
Sec. __3__, 
 
Dist. 23 Long . 
 
Field No. Sample Method 
 
Grab(?) 
 
Collected by ~S~p~e~n~c~e~r--~---- Date c.l893 
 
and Veatch 
 
and c.l909. 
 
Weathering/alteration Residual(?). 
 
Structural Attitude --------------------------------------------------------- 
Stratigraphic Assignment Eocene(?) residual clay. 
 
Sample Description & Comments Sample of hard, iron-stained low gr ade bauxite 
collected b Veatch (1909, 266) from near the old Stock age Bank mi ne. The chemic al 
analy sis i s from a wh i te clay taken from this same Land Lot Spencer, 189 3, p. 281 . 
(A l so de scribe d in Watson, 1904, p. 68-69 and White and others, l966, Pl ate 1.) 
 
Compiled by B.J. O'Connor 
 
Date -----1-1---2-9---8-2--------35- 
 
 CERAMIC TESTS AND ANALYSES 
 
Material Clay , bauxitic. 
 
Compilation Map Location No. Fl.09V-3 
 
----~~---------------------------- 
 
County 
 
Floyd. 
 
Sample Number - - -- - -- - - 
 
Raw Properties: 
 
Lab & No. Ga. Geol. Survey. 
 
Date Reported 1909 
 
Ceramist 
 
--~~------------- 
 
O, V~atch 1 _ Ga. Geol. Survey. 
 
Water of Plasticity 
 
%Working Properties Poor plastic~ty, lean, granular. 
 
Color Pinkish, 
 
brying Shrinkage 
 
% Dry Sttertgth ___L_o_w_~------ 
 
mottled. 
 
Slow Firing Tests: 
 
Approx. Temp. 
OF 
(oC) 
 
Color 
 
Hardness 
 
Linear 
 
Absorption Appr. Por. Other 
 
Shrinkage, % 
 
% 
 
% 
 
data: 
 
3362 (1850) (Cone 36) 
 
Unfused 
 
Remarks I Other Tests This "should be suitable for basic fire-brick," although it 
would have to be calcined first (Veatch, 1909, p. 266-267) . 
Preliminary Bloating (Quick Firing) Tests: Not determined. 
 
-36- 
 
 Crushing Characteristics (unfired material) 
 
locn. no. Fl.09V-3 , cont. 
 
Particle Size ------------ Retention Time -------------- 
Chemical & Mineralogical Data: (On similar clay from the Church Bank.) 
 
Chemical Analysis 
 
Oxide 
 
Weight % 
 
Sio2 
ATil02o23 
Fe 203 FeO 
 
(total) 
 
20.46 9.82 
46.92 
0.28 
 
MnO 
 
MgO 
 
CaO 
 
Na20 
 
K20 
 
P205 
s c 
 
(total) (org.) 
 
C02 
HH22oo+- 
Ignition 
 
0.34 21.68 
 
loss 
 
Total 
 
99.50 
 
Mineralogy: Not determined. 
 
Mineral 
 
volume % 
 
Quartz Feldspar Carbonate Mica Chlorite- 
vermiculite Montmorillonite 
Others 
 
Total 
 
Analyst T. L. Watson, Ga. Geol. Survey (1904, Bull. 11, p.65) on soft, structureless bauxit i c clay matrix to the bauxite ore. 
 
Date c.l904. 
 
Method Standard "wet". 
 
Sample Location Data: 
 
County __F_l_o..:..y_d_._ _ __ Land Lot 61 
 
Sec. 
 
3 
 
(Watson , 1904, p . 61-63) 
 
7 1/2' topo quad. Shannon (NE. 1/4) . Lat. 
 
Dist. 23 . Long. 
 
Field No. Sample Method Grab(?.) 
 
Collected by Watson and Veatch Date c. 1904 c. 1909 
Weathering/alteration Residual(?) clay. 
 
Structural Attitude ------------------------------------------------- 
Stratigraphic Assignmen~ Eocene(?) residual clay. 
 
Sample Description & Comments Sample from the Holland Hill mine, Hermitage District, collected by Veatch (1909, p. 266-267) who re f ers to white, le an and granular bauxi t i c clays from this and nearby mines: "The clays are soft, or pinkish, and mottled, poorly plastic, and have low air dried strength." The ch emi cal ana l ysis is on similar material fr om the nearby Church Bank mine 
(Watson, 1904, P 65). (Also White and others, 1966, Pl 1.) 
 
Compiled by B.J. O'Connor 
 
Date 11-29-82 
--~--~---------- 
-37- 
 
 CERAMIC TESTS AND ANALYSES 
 
Material Clay, bauxitic. 
 
Compilation Map Location No. Fl.09V-4 
 
----~~---------------------------- 
 
County 
 
Floyd. 
 
Sample Number ---------------- 
 
Raw Properties: 
 
Lab & No. Ga. Geol. Survey, #42. 
 
Date Reported 1909 
 
Ceramist 
 
----~~----------- 
 
0. Veatch, Ga. Geol. Survey. 
 
Water of Plasticity 
 
40 % Working Properties Very little plasticity. 
 
Slakes into small granules . 
 
Color Faint pinkish Drying Shrinkage 
 
5.4 % Dry Strength (tensile) 12 psi. 
 
to cream. 
 
Remarks Specific Gravity: 2.45 
 
Slow Firing Tests: 
 
Approx. Temp. 
OF 
(oC) 
 
Color 
 
Hardness 
 
Linear 
 
Absorption 
 
Shrinkage, % 
 
% 
 
Appr. Por. % 
 
Other data: 
Remarks 
 
2210 
 
Pure 
 
Not steel 
 
3.8 
 
(1210) 
 
white 
 
hard 
 
(Cone 4) 
 
Cracked, very friable. 
 
2390 
 
Pure 
 
Not steel 
 
9.5 
 
(1310) 
 
white 
 
hard 
 
(Cone 9) 
 
Cracked, friable. 
 
2462 
 
White 
 
(1350) 
 
(Cone ll) 
 
Cracked to p1eces. 
 
2642 
 
Slight 
 
(1450) 
 
cream 
 
(Cone 16) 
 
Steel hard, 16.3 not vitrified 
 
:J362 :1850) 1Cone 36) 
 
Unfused 
 
Remarks I Other Tests PCE: Higher than Cone 36. It is a very high grade refractory 
clay , but it would have to be calcined before firing because of its cracking (Veatch , 1909, p. 26 8). 
 
Preliminary Bloating (Quick Firing) Tests: Not determined. 
 
-38- 
 
 locn. no. Fl.09V-4 , cont. 
 
Crushing Characteristics (unfireq material) 
 
Particle Size ------------ Retention Time -------------- 
Chemical & Mineralogical Data: 
 
Chemical Analysis 
 
Oxide 
 
Weight i. 
 
Si02 
 
25.83 
 
Ti02 
 
Al Fe 
 
22o033 
 
FeO 
 
2.53 48.22 
0.85 
 
MnO 
 
0.00 
 
MgO 
 
0.18 
 
CaO 
 
0.00 
 
Na20 
 
0.15 
 
K20 
P205 
s c 
 
(total) (org.) 
 
0.19 0.00 0.00 
 
C02 
HH22oo+- 
Ignition 
 
0.24 21.77 
 
loss 
 
Total 
 
99.96 
 
Mineralogy: Not determined. 
 
Mineral 
 
volume % 
 
Quartz Feldspar 
Carbonate Mica Chlorite- 
vermiculite Montmorillonite 
Others 
 
Total 
 
Analyst E. Everhart, Ga. Geol. Survey (in Veatch, 1909, p. 268; and Appendix B, p.412- 
413, No. 42- erroneously listed as "Walters Mine''). Date c.1 909 
 
Method Standard "wet". 
 
Sample Location Data: 
 
County ___F_l_o..._y_d_._ _ __ Land Lot 147 
 
Sec. 3 
 
Dist. 23 
 
(Watson, 1904, p.72-74) 
 
7 1/2' tapa quad. Shannon (SW. 1/4) 
 
Lat. 
 
Long. 
 
Field No. 
 
Collected by 0. Veatch 
 
Date c.l909. 
 
Sample Method ---G-r-a-b'-(-?')----- 
 
Weathering/alteration Residual(?) clay. 
 
Structural Attitude ----------------------------------------------------- 
 
Stratigraphic Assignment Eocene(?) residual clay. 
 
Sample Description & Comments Sample from the south pit of the National Bauxite Company ("Watters Bank", Hermitage District) 5 mi. NE. of Rome, about 1 1/2 mi. E. of Berwin station, Southern RR. The clay ranges f rom cream and pink to hi gh ly colored with more or less disseminated bauxite. The sample is fine-grained, fr ee of sand and bauxite pisolites, but tends to cr umble into small angular lumps (Veatch, 1909, p. 267-269). This deposit also described by Watson (1904, p. 72 74) and White and ot hers (1966, Pl. 1). 
 
Compiled by B.J. O'Connor 
 
Date ---1-1---2-9---8-2---------- 
-39- 
 
 CERru~IC TESTS AND ANALYSES 
 
Material Clay (bauxitic?). 
 
Compilation Map Location No. Fl.09V-5 
 
----~--~~~~~~---------------- 
 
County 
 
Floyd. 
 
Sample Number ---------------- 
 
Raw Properties: 
 
Lab & No. __~G~a~~G~e~o~l~~S~u~r~v~e~y~1~#~4~3~----------------- 
 
Date Reported --~1~9~0~9___________ Ceramist 
 
0. Veatch, Ga. Geol. Survey. 
 
Water of Plasticity ____________% Working Properties Plasticity - fair. 
 
Color White. 
 
Drying Shrinkage ------~3~.~ 5 % Dry Strength (tensile) Very low . 
 
Slow Firing Tests: 
 
Approx. Temp. 
OF 
(oC) 
 
Color 
 
Hardness 
 
Linear 
 
Absorption 
 
Shrinkage, % 
 
% 
 
Appr. Por. % 
 
Other data: 
Remarks 
 
2210 
 
White 
 
Soft 
 
6.6 
 
(1210) 
 
(Cone 4) 
 
Cracked. 
 
2606 
 
White 
 
(1430) 
 
(Cone 15) 
 
14.8 
 
Cracked. 
 
Remarks I Other Tests Possibly suitable for making refractory products, but it 
would have to be .calcined first to prevent cracking. 
Preliminary Bloating (Quick Firing) Tests: Not determined. 
 
-40- 
 
 locn. no. Fl.09V-5 , cont. 
 
Crushing Characteristics (unfired material) 
 
Particle Size - - - - - - Retention Time 
Chemical & Mineralogical Data: 
 
Chemical Analysis 
 
Oxide 
 
Weight % 
 
Si02 
 
37.06 
 
Ti02 
 
3.68 
 
Al203 Fe 203 FeO 
 
40.27 1. 57 
 
MnO 
 
MgO 
 
0.18 
 
GaO 
 
trace 
 
Na20 
 
0.11 
 
K20 
 
0.15 
 
P205 
s c 
 
(total) (org.) 
 
C02 
H2o- 
H2o+ 
 
0.29 
 
Ignition 
 
loss 
 
16 .60 
 
Total 
 
99.91 
 
Mineralogy: Not determined. 
 
Mineral 
 
volume % 
 
Quartz Feldspar Carbonate Mica Chlorite- 
vermiculite Montmorillonite 
Others 
 
Total 
 
Analyst E. Everhart, Ga. Geol. Survey. (in Veatch, 1909, p. 269; and Appendix B, 
p. 412-413, No. 43). Date c.1909 
 
Method Standard "wet". 
 
Sample Location Data: 
 
County Flold 
 
Land Lot 13 (?)' Sec. 
 
3 
 
. Dist. 22 
 
7 1/2' topo quad. Cedartown East (N. edge) Lat, 
 
and Rome South (S. edge). 
 
Field No. 
 
Collected by o. Veatch. 
 
Long. Date c.1909. 
 
Sample Method Grab (7) 
 
Weathering/alteration Residual(?) clay. 
 
Structural Attitude ------------------------------------- --------- 
Stratigraphic Assignment Eocene(?) residual clal. 
 
descr i bed by Watson (1904, p. 105-106, Minter Bank) and White and others (1966, Plate 2) . 
 
Compiled by B.J. O'Connor 
 
Date 11-29-82 
 
-41- 
 
 CERAMIC TESTS AND ANALYSES 
 
Material Clay, alluvial. 
 
Compilation Map Location No. Fl.09V-6 
 
C~unty 
 
Floyd. 
----~------------------ 
 
Sample Number --------------- 
 
Raw Properties: 
 
Lab & No. Ga. Geol.Survey. 
 
Date Reported 1909 
 
Ceramist 0. Veatch, Ga . Geol. Survey. 
 
--~~---------- 
 
Water of Plasticity ___________% Working Properties Plastic, fine -grained. 
 
Color Bluish. 
 
Drying Shrinkage 
 
8.2 % Dry Streng th (tensile) 221 psi. 
 
Slow Firin g Tests: 
 
Approx. Temp. 
OF (oC) 
 
Color 
 
Hardness 
 
Linear 
 
Absorption 
 
Shrinkage, % 
 
% 
 
Appr. Por. % 
 
Other data: 
Remarks 
 
2210 
 
Light 
 
Steel 
 
5.5 
 
(1210) 
 
yellow- hard 
 
(Cone 4) buff 
 
Not vitrified 
 
2246 
 
Very 
 
2.5 
 
(1230) 
 
pale red 
 
(Cone 5) 
 
Remarks / Other Tests Could probably be used for dry press brick; possibly could be mixed with near by Cambrian shales to make vitrifi ed br i ck, but it is not sufficiently ref racto ry by i tself, to make vit r ified, fire-clay products. It was bl end ed with s andy c l a y by t he Morr i son-Trammel Brick Co. for making common b ui lding br icks (Veatch , 1909, p. 324- 325). 
Preliminary Bloating (Quick Firing) Tests: Not determined. 
 
-42- 
 
 locn. no. Fl.09V-6 , cont. 
 
Crushing Characteristics (unfired material) - - - - -Particle Size - - -- -- Retent ior1 Time - - - - - - - 
Chemical & Mineralogical Data: Not determined. 
 
Chemical Analysis 
 
Oxide 
 
Weight % 
 
SiOz 
 
TiOz 
 
Al Fe 
 
22oo33 
 
FeO 
 
MnO 
 
MgO 
 
CaD 
Na 2o 
KzO 
 
PzOs 
s c 
 
(total) (org.) 
 
COz 
H2o- 
H20+ 
 
Ignition 
 
loss 
 
Total 
 
Analyst 
 
Mineralogy Mineral 
Quartz Feldspar Carbonate Mica Chlorite- 
vermiculite Montmorillonite 
Others 
Total 
 
volume % 
 
Date 
 
Method 
 
Sample Location Data: 
 
County _ __:F:..:l:.:o;.o:y_d::..:- -- - Land Lot 7 1/2' topo quad. Rome North (S. edge). 
 
Sec. Lat. 
 
Dist. --- 
Long. 
 
Field No. 
 
Collected by 0. Veatch. 
 
Date c.l909. 
 
Sample Method Grab(?). 
 
Weathering/alteration - -- - - - - - 
 
Structural Attitude ------- -- - -- ----------------- 
Stratigraphic Assignment Recent(?) alluvium of Etowah River. 
 
Sample Description & Comments Sample from a 9 ft. thick bed of fine-grained, plastic, bluish clay (color due to a small amount of organic matter) from an exposure at t h e Morri son-Trammel Brick Co. plant in Rome. The section shows 5 ft. of overlying soi l and yellow, sandy micaceous clay and an underlying 4 ft. of yellow s and and 3 ft. of black sand (Veatch, 1909, p. 324-325). Brick was made from a blend of 2/3 last i c cla and 1/3 yellow, sandy cla (not test ed 
 
Compiled by B.J. O'Connor 
 
Date 11-29-82 
 
-41- 
 
 CERAMIC TESTS AND ANALYSES 
 
Material ____C_l_a~y~~s_a_n_d~y~~(_a _l_l_u_v_i~a_l~)~--------- Compilation Map Location No. Fl.09V-7a 
 
County 
 
Floyd. 
 
Raw Properties: 
 
Lab & No. 
 
Sample Number No.1. --~~~-------- 
Ga. Geol. Survey, #41. 
 
Dat e Reported 
 
1909. 
 
Ceramist 0. Veatch, Ga. Geol. Survey. 
 
----~~~--------- 
 
--------- Water of Plasticity 
 
% Working Properties Good plasticity. 
 
Color Black (almost). Drying Shrinkage____8_% Dry Strength (ave. tensile) 215 ps1. 
 
Slow Firing Tests: 
 
Approx. Temp. 
OF 
(oC) 
 
Color 
 
Hardness 
 
Linear 
 
Absorption 
 
Shrinkage, % 
 
% 
 
Appr. Por. % 
 
Other data: 
Remarks 
 
1922 
 
Salmon 
 
0.7 
 
(1050) 
 
(Cone 05) 
 
Fair density 
 
2066 
 
Red 
 
(1130) 
 
(Cone 01) 
 
Almost 
 
0.7 
 
steel hard 
 
2210 
 
Red 
 
(1210) 
 
(Cone 4) 
 
Steel hard 
 
1.4 
 
Not vitrified 
 
Remarks I Other Tests "The air shrinkage is low and the clay does not crack or warp in burning." -possibly use f ul i n making b ri ck (Veatch, 1909, P 326). 
Preliminary Bloating (Quick Firing) Tests: Not determined. 
 
-44- 
 
 locn. no. Fl.09V-7a , cont. 
 
Crushing Characteristics (unfired material) 
 
Particle Size - - - - - - Retention Time 
Chemical & Mineralogical Data: 
 
Chemical Analysis 
 
Mineralogy: Not determined. 
 
Oxide 
 
Weight % 
 
Mineral 
 
volume % 
 
Si02 
 
72.65 
 
Ti02 
 
1.15 
 
Quartz 
 
Al203 
 
11.92 
 
Feldspar 
 
Fe 203 FeO 
 
4.25 
 
Carbonate Mica 
 
MnO 
 
Chlorite- 
 
MgO 
 
0.43 
 
vermiculite 
 
CaO 
 
0.34 
 
Montmorillonite 
 
Na20 
 
0.32 
 
Others 
 
K20 
 
0.80 
 
P2o5 
 
s 
 
(total) 
 
c 
 
(org.) 
 
* 
 
HC022o- 
 
1.72 
 
H2o+ 
 
Total 
 
Ignition 
 
loss 
 
6.60* 
 
Total 
 
100.18 
 
(*organic matter present as suggested by black color of the clay.) 
 
~nalyst E. Everhart, Ga. Geol. Survey. (in Veatch, 1909, p. 326, column II; also Appendix B, No. 41, p. 412- 41 3 ) 
Date c.l909. 
 
Method Standard "wet". -~-~~--~~--------- 
Sample Location Data: 
 
County __F_l_o..y.._d_._ _ ____ Land Lot 
 
Sec. 
 
Dist. 
 
7 1/2' topo quad. Rome North (SE. 1/4) (or Wax- NW.l/4?). Lat. 
 
Long. 
 
Field No. 
 
Collected by 0. Veatch. 
 
Date c.l909. 
 
Sample Method Grab(?) 
 
Weathering/alteration ------------- 
 
Structural Attitude ------------------------------------------------------ 
 
Stratigraphic Assignment Recent(?) alluvium of the Etowah River. 
 
Sample Description & Connnents Sample from the W.T. Cheney property east of 
Rome and consisting of fine -grained alluvial clay, almost black in color due to or anic matter. Although it has a hi h ercenta e of sand, it st"ll bas good plast1city Veatch, 19 9, p. 325-326 . 
 
Compiled by ----B-.-J-.--O-'-C-o-n-n-o-r----------- 
 
Date 11-29-82 
-----~------------ 
 
-45- 
 
 CERAMIC TESTS AND ANALYSES 
 
Material Clay, sandy (alluvial). 
 
Compilation Map Location No. Fl.09V-7b 
 
County Floyd. Raw Properties: 
 
Sample Number ---N-o-.--2--------- 
Lab & No. Ga. Geol. Survey, #40 
 
Date Reported ----1-9-0-9------------ Ceramist 0. Veatch, Ga. Geol. Survey. 
 
---------- Water of Plasticity \ 
 
%Working Properties Plasticity le-ss than sample 
No. 1. 
 
Color Yellow. Drying Shrinkage 3.9 % Dry Strength (tensile) 54 psi. 
 
Slow Firing Tests: 
 
Approx. Temp. 
OF 
( oc) 
 
Color 
 
Hardness 
 
Linear 
 
Absorption Appr. Por. Other 
 
Shrinkage, % 
 
% 
 
% 
 
data: 
 
1850 
 
Salmon Very soft 
 
0 
 
(1010) 
 
(Cone 07) 
 
1922 
 
Salmon Soft 
 
0.3 
 
(1050) 
 
(Cone OS) 
 
2174 
 
Dark red Steel hard 
 
2.0 
 
(1190) 
 
(Cone 3) 
 
Remarks / Other Tests Probably useful in making common brick. Preliminary Bloating (Quick Firing) Tests: Not determined. 
 
-46- 
 
 locn. no. tl.09V-7b , cont. 
 
Crushing Characteristics (unfired material) 
 
Particle Size ------------ Retention Time -------------- 
Chemical & Mineralogical Data: 
 
Chemical Analysis 
 
Oxide 
 
Weight % 
 
Sio2 
ATFeli 022oo2 33 
FeO 
 
79.42 1. 29 9.18 4.25 
 
MnO 
 
MgO 
 
0.35 
 
CaO 
Na 2o 
K20 
P2o5 
s c 
 
trace 0.20 0.72 
(total) (org.) 
 
HC02o2 - 
H2o+ 
 
0.80 
 
Ignition 
 
loss 
 
3.89 
 
Total 
 
100.10 
 
Mineralogy: Not determined. 
 
Mineral 
 
volume % 
 
Quartz Feldspar Carbonate Mica Chlorite- 
vermiculite Montmorillonite 
Others 
 
Total 
 
Analyst E. Everhart , Ga. Geol. Survey (in Veatch, 1909, p. 326, column I: also 
Appendix B, p. 412-41 3 , No. 40). 
Date c.l909 
 
Method ----S-t-a-n-d-a-r-d--"-w--e-t-"-.-------- 
Sample Location Data: 
 
County _____F_l_o~y~d_._______ Land Lot 
 
Sec. 
 
Dist. 
 
- - - 7 1/2' topo quad. Rome North (SE. 1/4) (or Wax- NW. 1/4?). Lat. 
 
Long. 
 
Field No. 
 
Collected by ___o_.__V_e_a_t_c_h_.____ Date c.l909. 
 
Sample Method Grab(?). Structural Attitude 
 
Weathering/alteration --------------- 
 
Stratigraphic Assignment Recent(?) alluvium of the Etowah River. 
 
Sample Description & Corrnnents Sample of a ye llow, ve r y sandy clay (surface alluvium) from the W. T. Cheney prope rty east of Rome (Veatch, 1909, p. 325326). 
 
Compiled by B.J. O'Connor 
 
Date 11-29-82 
 
-47- 
 
 CERAMIC TESTS AND ANALYSES 
 
Material Shale (Conasauga Group). 
 
Compilation Map Location No. Fl.09V-8 
 
--------~------~----~~-------- 
 
County 
 
Floyd. 
 
Sample Number ---------------- 
 
Raw Properties: 
 
Lab & No. Ga. Geol. Survey, #38. 
 
Date Reported 1909. 
 
Ceramist 0. Veatch, Ga. Geol. Survey. 
 
--~~------------ 
 
Water of Plasticity ----------~% Working Properties --~P~l~a~s~t~i~c~i~t~y__-~p~o~o~r~----------- 
 
Color Brown 
 
_____ Drying Shrinkage 
 
2.5 % Dry Strength ..;;..;...~ (tensile) 20 ps~. 
 
(or yellow?) 
 
Slow Firing Tests: 
 
Approx. Temp. 
OF 
(oC) 
 
Color 
 
Hardness 
 
Linear 
 
Absorption 
 
Shrinkage, % 
 
% 
 
Appr. Por. % 
 
Other data: 
Remarks 
 
1922 
 
Red 
 
(1050) 
 
(Cone 05) 
 
Steel hard 
 
2.3 
 
1994 
 
Dark 
 
(1090) 
 
red 
 
(Cone 03) 
 
(Steel hard?) 5.5 
 
Vitrified 
 
2066 
 
Dark 
 
( 1130) 
 
red 
 
(Cone 01) 
 
(Steel hard?) 6.6 
 
Vitrified 
 
2138 (1170) (Cone 2) 
 
Almost black 
 
(Steel hard?) 5.0 
 
Warped 
 
2210 
0210) (Cone 4) 
 
(Steel hard?) 
 
"Burned to a cinder 11 
 
increase 
 
if blended with 
 
Preliminary Bloating (Quick Firing) Tests: Not determined. 
 
-48- 
 
 locn. no. Fl.09V-8 , cont. 
 
Crushing Characteristics (unfired material) 
 
Particle Size ------------ Retention Time -------------- 
Chemical & Mineralogical Data: 
 
Chemical Analysis 
 
Oxide 
 
Weight % 
 
Sio 2 
ATFeilo22oo233 
FeO 
 
55.33 1.10 
22.01 5.95 
 
MnO 
 
trace 
 
MgO 
 
1. 57 
 
CaO 
Na 2o 
KzO 
 
0.49 0.82 7.13 
 
Pz05 
s c 
 
(total) (org.) 
 
0.07 
 
HHC0222oo+- 
Ignition 
 
0.42 
 
loss 
 
4. 71 
 
Total 
 
99.60 
 
Mineralogy: Not determined. 
 
Mineral 
 
volume % 
 
Quartz Feldspar Carbonate Mica Chlorite- 
vermiculite Montmorillonite 
Others 
 
Total 
 
Analyst E. Everhart, Ga. Geol. Survey (in Veatch, 1909, p. 117, column III, also p. 394, and Appendix B, No. 38, p. 412-413). 
Date c.l909. 
 
Method Standard "wet". 
 
Sample Location Data: 
 
County ___F~l~o~y_d_._________ Land Lot 
 
Sec. 
 
Dist. 
 
- - - 7 1/2' topo quad. Shannon (SW. l/4)(or Rome North-SE. 1/4?). Lat. 
 
,Long. 
 
Field No. 
 
38 (?) 
 
Collected by 0. Veatch. ----~~~------ 
 
Date c.l909 
 
Sample Method Grab(?) 
 
Weathering/alteration Weathered. 
 
Structural Attitude --------------------------------------------------------- 
Stratigraphic Assignment Conasauga Group (Cambrian) shale. 
 
Sample Description & Comments The sample was collected adjacent to the 
Southern RR., 3 miles N. of Rome, and is a yellow (and ?) brown, very sandy, micaceous shale (Veatch, p. 393-394). 
 
Compiled by ---B--.J-.--O--'C--o-n-n-o-r------------ Date 11-29-82 
-49- 
 
 CERAMIC TESTS AND ANALYSES 
 
Material Shale, soft and micaceous 
(Conasauga). County __F_l_o~y_d_.__________________ 
 
Raw Prope rt ie s: 
 
Lab & No. 
 
Compilation Map Location No. FL09V-9 
Sample Number ---------------- 
Ga. Geol. Survey. 
 
Date Reported --~1~9~ 09-.-------- Ceramist 0. Veatch, Ga. Geol. Survey. 
 
------- Water of Plasticity 
 
%Working Properties Poor plasticity. 
 
Color Brown or yellow. 
 
- - - - - - Drying Shrinkage 
 
1.4 % Dry Strength (tensile) 25 psi. 
 
Slow Firing Tests: 
 
Temp. OF 
( oc) 
"Low" 
 
Color Red 
 
Hardness 
 
Linear 
 
Absorption Appr. Por. Other 
 
Shrinkage, % 
 
% 
 
% 
 
data: 
 
"Good" 
 
Remarks I Other Tests "This shale is of Lit 
mixed with a plastic clay." Veatch, 1909, p. 
 
for brick ur oses, unless 
 
Preliminary Bloating (Quick Firing) Tests: Not determined. 
 
-so- 
 
 locn. no. Fl.09V-9 , cont. 
 
Crushing Characteristics (unfired material) 
 
Particle Size ------------ Retention Time -------------- 
Chemical & Mineralog ical Data: Not determined. 
 
Chemical Analysis 
 
Oxide 
 
Weight % 
 
Si0 2 
ATFeli022oo233 
FeO 
 
MnO 
 
MgO 
 
CaO 
Na 2o 
KzO 
 
P2os 
s c 
Hco2o2 - 
H2o+ 
 
(total) (org.) 
 
Ignition 
 
loss 
 
Total 
 
Mineralogy Mineral 
Quartz Feldspar Carbonate Mica Chlorite- 
vermiculite Montmorillonite 
Others 
Total 
 
volume % 
 
Analyst 
 
Date 
 
Method 
 
Sample Location Data: 
 
County ___F_l_o_,_y_d_._ _ __ Land Lot 
 
Sec. 
 
Dist. 
 
7 l/2' topo quad. Shannon (NE. l/4) . Lat. 
 
Long. 
 
Field No. 
 
Collected by 0. Veatch. 
 
Date c.l909. 
 
Sample Method Grab(?) Structural Attitude 
 
Weathering/alteration ---W--e-a-th-e-r-e-d-.--- 
 
Stratigraphic Assignment Conasauga Group (Cambrian) shale. 
 
Sample Description &.Comments A small sample from east of Shannon composed of a brown or e llow, soft, micaceous shale which is closel jointed and weathers into small an gular chips Veatch, 1909, p. 394-395 
 
Compiled by ---B-.-J-.--O--'C-o-n--n-o-r------------ 
 
Date 11-29-82 --~~~~~-------- 
 
-51- 
 
 CERAMIC TESTS AND ANALYSES 
 
Material Brown shale (Floyd). 
 
Compilation Map Location No. Fl.31S-A 
 
County ~F~l~oy~d~ ----------------- 
 
Sample Number 
 
law Properties: 
 
Lab & No. Ga. Tech. 
 
Date Reported 
 
1931. 
 
Ceramist A. V. Henry, Ga. Tech. 
 
----~~-------- 
 
Water of Plasticity ____________% Working Properties Fair plasticity. 
 
Color Dark brown. Drying Shrinkage _______3~._8_% Dry Strength (MOR) 92 ps1. 
 
Slow Firing Tests: 
 
Temp. OF 
(oC) 
1995 (1090) 
2174 (1190) 
 
Color Hardness 
Salmon, spotted 
Medium red 
 
Linear 
 
Absorption 
 
Shrinkage, % 
 
% 
 
7.5 
 
8.3 
 
Appr. Par. % 
 
Other 
dat~: 
"Density" Fair 
Good 
 
Remarks /Other Tests Reported 1n Smith (1931, p. 84). Preliminary Bloating (Quick Firing) Tests: Not determined . 
. . 
-52- 
 
 Crushing Characteristics (unfired material) 
 
locn. no. Fl.31S-A , cont. 
 
Particle Size ------------ Retention Time -------------- 
Chemical & Mineralogical Data: 
 
Chemical Analysis: Not determined. 
 
Oxide 
 
Weight % 
 
Si02 
ATFeil o22 oo2 33 
FeO 
 
MnO 
 
MgO 
 
CaO 
 
Na20 
 
K20 
 
P205 
s c 
 
(total) (org.) 
 
HC022o- 
H2o+ 
 
Ignition 
 
loss 
 
Total 
 
Mineralogy-partial 
 
Mineral 
 
volume % 
 
Quartz Feldspar Calcium Carbonate Mica Chlorite- 
vermiculite Montmorillonite 
Others 
 
none 
 
Total 
 
Analyst 
 
A. V. Henry, Ga. Tech. 
 
Date 
 
c. 1929? 
 
Method --------------------------- 
Sample Location Data: 
 
HC1 effervescence ? 
 
County Floyd. 
 
Land Lot about 126, Sec. 4 
 
----~----------- 
 
7 1/2' topo quad. Rome North (SW. 1/4) . Lat. 
 
Dist. 4 Long. 
 
Field No. 
 
Collected by A. V. Henry 
 
Date c .1926? 
 
Sample Method Grab ? 
 
Weathering/alteration Unweathered. 
 
Structural Attitude Beds strike about N.65-70E., dip about 65S. (Smith, 1931 J p. 83). 
Stratigraphic Assignment Floyd Shale (Mississippian). 
Sample Description & Comments Sample of stratified shale from RR. cut on the Cam and Knowles pro e rties about 1/2 mi. W. of the Dicke shale pit (31S-6) and 2 3 4 mi. NW. of Rome at mile post S-374.5 on the Central of Ga. RR. The cut is about 125 ft. long, averages 6 ft. high, and exposes gray to brown, semi-hard, fissile shale with common interbedded sandstone and chert layers less than 1 i n. thick. The cut crosses a low ridge be tween two branches of Little Dry Creek (Smith, 1931, p. 83-84). 
 
Compiled by __B_._J_._ o_'_C_o_n_n_o_r___ 
 
Date 11-29-82 
 
-53- 
 
 CERAMIC TESTS AND ANALYSES 
 
Material ___S~h~a~l~e~(~F~l~o~y~d~)------------------- Compilation Map Location No. Fl.31S-B 
 
County 
 
Floyd. 
 
Raw Properties: 
 
Sample Number ---------------- 
Lab & No . Ga. Tech. 
 
Date Reported ----1-9-3-1-.----------- Ceramist A. V. Henry, Ga. Tech. 
 
---------- Water of Plasticity 
 
% Working Properties Good plasticity. 
 
Color Dark gray . , Drying Shrinkage _______4_._6_ % Dry Strength 
 
Slow Firing Tests: 
 
Temp. OF 
( oc) 
 
Color Hardness 
 
19 50 Mottled r ed (1066) and whit e 
 
2110 Fair red, (1154) mottled 
with white 
 
Linear 
 
Absorption Appr. Por. 
 
Shrinkage, % 
 
% 
 
% 
 
8.7 
 
9.2 
 
Other data: "Density" 
Fair 
Good 
 
Remarks I Other Tests Excellent working pro pe rties , but the fired colors are 
not well suited to the manuf acture o f f ace brick. However, this shale could be used i n ma ki ng common build i ng brick and hollow t ile (A. V. Henry in Smith , 193 1, p. 85) . Formerly mi ned by Stevens , I nc. f or use in manufacture of sewer pipe at the i r plant at Stevens Pottery, Ba l dw i n County. 
Preliminary Bloating (Quick Firing ) Tests: Not determined. 
 
-54- 
 
 locn. no. Fl.31S-B , cont. 
 
Crushing Characteristics (unfired material) 
 
Particte Size ------------ Retention Time -------------- 
Chemical & Mineralogical Data: 
 
Chemical Analysis: Not determined. 
 
Oxide 
 
Weight % 
 
Si02 
 
Ti02 
 
Al203 
 
Fe203 FeO 
 
MnO 
 
MgO 
 
GaO 
 
Na20 
 
K20 
 
P2os 
s c 
 
(total) (org.) 
 
C02 
H2o- 
H2o+ 
 
Ignition 
 
loss 
 
Total 
 
Analyst 
 
Mineralogy-partial Mineral 
Quartz Feldspar Calcium Carbonate Mica Chlorite- 
vermiculite Montmorillonite 
Others 
 
volume % none 
 
Total 
 
A. V. Henry, Ga. Tech. 
 
Date 
 
c.l929 ? 
 
Method 
 
HCl effervescence ? 
 
Sample Location Data: 
 
----- County Floyd. 
 
Land Lot 
 
------~--------- 
 
Sec. 
 
7 1/2' topo quad. Rome North (SW. 1/4) . Lat. 
 
Dist. Long. 
 
Field No. 
 
Collected by A. V. Henry 
 
Da t e c  19 26 ? 
 
Sample Method Grab ? 
 
Weathering/alteration Weathered ? 
 
Structural Attitude Beds strike N.50E. and dip approx. 50NW. (Smith, 1931, p. 84). 
 
Stratigraphic Assignment Floyd Shale (Mississippian). 
Sample Description & Comments Shale from the Dean property adjacent to and 
N. of the Central of Ga. RR at mile post S-375, 3-1/2 mi. NW. of Rome, 1-3/4 mi. S. of Morrison. Sample from a small it (less than 1 acre and less than 15 ft. deep formerly mined by Stevens, Inc. It ranges from hard, dark gray shale with brown streaks to soft, light brown, gray and white shale with a few thin cherty layers and local hard, sandy shale to argillaceous sandstone (Smith, 1931, p. 84). 
 
-------------------- Compiled by B.J. O'Connor 
 
Date 
 
----~,~--~----~----------- 
 
11-29-82 
 
-55- 
 
 CERAMIC TESTS AND ANALYSES 
 
Material --~S~h~a~l~e~,~w~e~a~t~h~e~r~e~d~(~F~l~o~y~d~)~-------- Compilation Map Location -No. Fl.31S-C 
 
County 
 
Floyd. 
 
Sample Number 
 
Raw Properties: 
 
Lab & No. Ga. Teeh. 
 
Date Reported 1926. 
 
Ceramist A. V. Henry, Ga. Tech. 
 
--~~---------- 
 
------- Water of Plasticity 
 
%Working Properties Plasticity-excellent. 
 
Color _T_a~n~ --------- Drying Shrinkage ---~6~.2__% Dry Strength (MOR) 200 psi. 
 
Slow Firing Tests: 
 
Temp. OF 
(oC) 
1900 (1038) 
2174 
(1190) 
 
Color Salmon Deep red 
 
Hardness 
 
Linear 
 
Absorption 
 
Shrinkage, % 
 
% 
 
10.4 
 
13.5 
 
Appr. Por. 
% 
 
Other data: "Density" Fair 
Good 
 
Remarks I Other Tests Reported 1n Smith (193lt p.99). 
Preliminary Bloating (Quick Firing) Tests: Not determined. 
 
-56- 
 
 locn. no. Fl.31S-C , cont. 
 
Crushing Characteristics (unfired material) 
 
!'article Size - - - - - - Re t. ent ion Time 
Chemical & Mineralogical Data: 
 
Chemical Analysis: Not determined. 
 
Oxide 
 
Weight % 
 
~;io 2  ~io 2 
 
/\lzO 3 
 
rez03 FeO 
 
MnO 
 
MgO 
 
GaO 
Na 2o 
KzO 
PzOs 
s c 
 
(total) (org.) 
 
COz 
H2o- 
H20+ Ignition 
 
loss 
 
Total 
 
Min e r a l ogy-pa rtial Mineral 
Quartz Feldspar Calcium Carbonate Mica Chlorite- 
vermiculite Montmorillonite 
Others 
 
volume % none 
 
Total 
 
Anal 1st 
 
A. V. Henry, Ga. Tech. 
 
Da t e 
 
c. 1929 
 
Method ------ -------------- 
Sample Location Data: 
 
HCl effervescence ? 
 
County Floyd. 
 
Land Lot 
 
Sec. 
 
Dist. 
 
7 l/2 1 topo quad. Rock Mountain ( cntr.). Lat. 
 
Long. 
 
J'i eld No. 
 
Collected by A. V. Henry 
 
Date c . 1926? 
 
:>ample Method Grab ? 
 
Weathering/alteration Weathered. 
 
:>tructural Attitude 
 
Stratigraphic Assignment Floyd Shale (Mississippian). 
 
Sample Description & Comments Mottled li ght and medium tan, soft, weathered shale from a cut on the Central o f Ga. RR. at mi le po st S-38 1. 5 , 3 /4 mL. E. of the Lav ende r Station - - prob abl y corresponds to the eastern edge of the Schlapback property just west of the Long prope rty (see Fl.31S-lla and b, Smith, 1931, p. 99). 
 
Compiled by ---B-.-J.--O-'C--on-n-o-r -------- Date ----l-l--2-9--8-2------ 
 
-57- 
 
 SERAMIC TESTS AND ANALYSES 
 
Material Shale (Floyd) and some clay. 
 
Compilation Map Location No. Fl.31S-5a 
 
County Floyd. Raw Properties: 
 
Sample Number --R---1--A---------- 
Lab & No. Ga. Tech., #5. 
 
Date Reported --1-9-3-1-.------------- Ceramist R. W. Smith, Ga. Geol. Survey. 
 
Water of Plasticity 
 
26.1 %Working Properties Poor and grainy plasticity at 
 
first (good after aging overnight); a little slow slaking; good molding behavior. 
 
Color Light brown. 
 
Drying 
 
Shrinkage 
 
4.2 %Dry 
------~-- 
 
Strength 
 
---------------- 
 
Remarks Drying behavior: test bars slightly warped. 
 
Slow Firing Tests: 
 
Approx. Temp. 
OF (oC) 
 
Color* Hardness (Munsell) (MOR)psi. 
 
Linear 
 
Absorption 
 
Shrinkage, % 
 
% 
 
dry (plastic) 
 
Appr. Por. % 
 
Other data: Warpage 
 
1840 Salmon (1005) (SYR-7/8) 
 
844 3.6 (7.9) 
 
16.9 
 
Slight. 
 
1920 Salmon (1050) (SYR-7/6) 
 
1005 4.9 (9.0) 
 
13.9 
 
Slight. 
 
2000 Light red (1095) (1 OR-6/6) 
 
1435 
 
5.6 (9. 7) 
 
11.6 
 
Slight. 
 
2060 Medium red 1663 8.1 (11.7) 
 
9.2 
 
(1125) (lOR-5/ 5) 
 
Some. 
 
2090 Deep red 
 
2261 7.6 (11.7) 
 
6.2 
 
(1145) (1 OR-5/4) 
 
Considerable. 
 
2160 Dark red 
 
2263 8.5 (12. 2) 
 
6.2 
 
( 1180) (lOR-5/4) 
 
Some. 
 
Remarks I Other Tests Firing Range= Cone 1 to 5 (commercial kiln= Cone 01 to 4). 
This shale was used by the Berry Schools to make building brick. Prior to 1929 it 
it was blended with clay (Fl.31S-5b) to make building brick and structural tile by 
the Rome ga Clay Products Co. (S~ith, L9 3 l , p. 75) . 
 
Preliminary Bloating (Quick Firing) Tests: Not determined. 
 
*Note: Munsell color notations "5YR11 and "lOR" correspond to the original notations "YR" and "R-YR" respectively reported in Smith (1931). 
 
-58- 
 
 locn. no. Fl31S-5a , cont. 
 
Crushing Characteristics (unfired material) Easy grinding. 
 
Particle Size -16 mesh. Retention Time Approx. 17 hours. 
 
Chemical & Mineralogical Data: 
 
Chemical Analysis 
 
Oxide 
 
Weight % 
 
Si02 Ti02 
 
57.99 0.93 
 
Al203 
Fe203 FeO 
 
25.17 6.30 0.60 
 
MnO 
 
MgO 
 
0.13 
 
CaO 
 
0.00 
 
Na20 K20 
 
0.84 0.66 
 
P2o5 S03 
c 
 
(org.) 
 
0.11 0.35 
 
C02 
 
H2 o- 
 
* 
 
H2o+ 
 
Ignition 
 
7.06 
 
loss 
 
Total 
 
100. 14* 
 
Mineralogy: Not determined. 
 
Mineral 
 
volume % 
 
Quartz Feldspar Carbonate Mica Chlorite- 
vermiculite Montmorillonite 
Others 
 
Total 
 
(* analysis recalculated on an H20- -free basis by Smith, 1931, p. 76.) 
 
Analyst E. Everhart, Ga. Geol. Survey. 
 
Date c.l930. 
 
Method Standard "wet". 
 
Sample Location Data: 
 
County Floyd. 
 
Land Lots 203 & 238. Sec. 3 
 
7 1/2' topo quad. Rome North (S. side) . Lat. 
 
Dist. 23 Long. 
 
Field No. R-1-A 
 
, Collected by R. W.Smith. 
 
----~-------------- 
 
Date 7-25-29 
 
Sample Method 6 ft. groove. 
 
Weathering/alteration Weathered. 
 
Structural Attitude Beds strike "nearly east-west" and dip about 80 S. 
 
Stratigraphic Assignment Floyd Shale (Mississippian). 
 
Sample Description & Comments Semi-hard, greenish-brown shale with "considerable black stain" (Mn oxide ?) with interbedded layers of brown clay which is sometimes sand (weathered ar illaceous limestone-residual clay) from the 'North Pit about 50 by 100 ft. and averaging 10 ft. deep. It is located about 1/8 mi. N. of the brick plant (NE. of the intersection of the Southern RR. and the Central of Ga. RR.) near the Central of Ga. spur track to the Berry Schools (Smith, 1931, p. 75-78; also Furcron, 1958, p. 5, No. 20- no further ceramic tests). 
 
Compiled by B. J. O'Connor 
 
Date ---2---1-0---8-6---------- 
-59- 
 
 CERAMIC TE~TS AND ANALYSES 
 
Material Clay, colluvial. 
 
Compilation Map Location No. Fl.31S-5b 
 
County Floyd. 
 
Sample Number __R_-...::1_-_B_ _ __ 
 
Raw Properties: 
 
Lab & No. 
 
______ Date Reported 1931 _...::~...;:_ 
 
Ceramist 
 
Ga. Tech., #5. R. W. Smith, Ga. Geol. Survey. 
 
Water of Plasticity -----~3~1 ~ ~6% Working Properties Excellent plasticity; rapid slaking; excellent molding behavior. 
 
Color Yellow. 
 
Drying Shrinkage ------~7~~2% Dry Strength (MOR) 172.7 psi . 
 
Remarks Drying behavior: little or no warpage. 
 
Slow Firing Tests: 
 
Approx. Temp. 
OF (oC) 
 
Color* (Munsell) 
 
Hardness 
 
Linear 
 
(MOR) psi. Shrinkage, % 
 
dry (plastic) 
 
Absorption % 
 
Appr. Por. % 
 
Other data: Warpage 
 
1840 Salmon ( 1105) (5YR-7/9) 
 
646 1.1 (8.2) 
 
23.0 
 
Little or none. 
 
1920 Salmon (1050) (3YR-7/6) 
 
817 2.0 (8.5) 
 
20.8 
 
Slight. 
 
2000 Salmon red (1095) (lOR-6/7) 
 
953 2.3 (9.3) 
 
19.8 
 
Slight. 
 
20600 Light red (1125) (lOR-5/7) 
 
976 3.1 (10.3) 
 
18.3 
 
Slight. 
 
2090 Fair red (1145) (1 OR-5/6) 
 
1051 
 
3.0 (10.5) 
 
18.9 
 
Slight. 
 
2160 Medium red (1180) (lOR-5/5) 
 
1143 
 
3.5 (10.5) 
 
17.3 
 
Slight. 
 
Remarks /Other Tests Firin ran e not reached (cla is rather refractor ). Prior to 1929 the Romega Cl ay Products Co. used the clay in blends 2 parts clay and 1 
art shale f rom the 11 North Pit") to make structural tile and buildin brick (Smi t h, 1931 , p . 75 and 80 , 
 
Preliminary Bloating (Quick Firing) Tests: Not determined. 
 
*Note: Munsell color notations "5YR" and "lOR" correspond to the original notations "YR" and "R-YR" respectively reported in Smith (1931). 
 
-60- 
 
 locn. no. Fl.31S-5b , cont. 
 
Crushing Characteristics (unfired material) Easy grinding. 
 
Particle Size -16 mesh. Retention Time Approx. 17 hours. 
 
Chemical & Mineralogical Data: 
 
Chemical Analysis 
 
Mineralogy: Not determined. 
 
Oxide 
 
Weight % 
 
Mineral 
 
volume % 
 
SiOz 
 
69.49 
 
TiOz 
 
0.91 
 
Quartz 
 
Al203 
 
10.58 
 
Feldspar 
 
Fe203 
 
8.41 
 
Carbonate 
 
FeO 
 
Mica 
 
MnO 
 
Chlorite- 
 
MgO 
 
0.80 
 
vermiculite 
 
CaO 
Na 2o 
K20 
P2o5 S03 
 
0.73 1.51 trace 0.00 
 
Montmorillonite Others 
Total 
 
C 
 
(org.) 
 
Hco2o2 - 
 
* 
 
H2o+ 
 
Ignition 
 
7. 75 
 
loss 
 
Total 
 
100 .18* 
 
(* = analysis recalculated on an H20- -free basis 
 
by Smith , 1931, p . 79 . ) 
 
Analyst E. Everhart, Ga. Geol. Survey. 
 
Date c.l930 
 
Method Standard "wet". 
 
Sample Location Data: 
 
County Floyd. 
 
Land Lots 203 and 238. Sec. 3 , Dist. 23 
 
7 1/2 1 topo quad. Rome North (S. side) . Lat. 
 
Long. 
 
Field No. R-1-B 
 
, Collected by R. W. Smith. 
 
--~--------------- 
 
Sample Method Groove samples-2 of 
 
Weathering/alteration 
 
6 ft. each from different parts of the pit. 
 
Date 7-25-29 Weathered. 
 
Structural Attitude The few recognizable bedding surfaces appear nearly horizontal. 
 
Stratigraphic Assignment Recent (?) colluvial clay (+ some residual?) from Mississippian Ft. Payne Chert and F~oyd Shale. 
 
Sample Description & Comments As described b 
 
(1931, 
 
1958, p. 5, No. 20) the "South Pit 11 about 300 b 75 ft. and 
 
is located 200 yards SE. of the br~ck plant adjacent 
 
The plant 
 
is NE. of the 'unction of the Southern and the Central of Ga. RR. lines in west 
 
Rome. 
 
yellow, locally contains numerous angular to rounded chert pebbles up to 
 
several inches in diameter, and has a gummy plasticity. 
 
Compiled by B. J. O'Connor 
 
Date 2-10-86 
 
-61- 
 
 CERAMIC TESTS AND ANALYSES 
 
Material Shale (Floyd). 
 
Compilation Map Location No. Fl.31S-6 
 
County Floyd. 
 
Sample Number _.:..;R_-;;;.2_ _ _ __ 
 
Raw Properties: 
 
Lab & No. Ga. Tee~., #f6. 
 
Date Reported 1931. 
 
Ceramist 
 
-~----------- 
 
Water of Plasticity - - - -25.-7% 
 
R. W. Smith, Ga. Geol. Survey. 
 
Remarks Drying behavior: all test bars slightly warped. 
 
Slow Firing Tests: 
 
Approx. Temp. 
OF (oC) 
 
Color* (Munsell) 
 
Hardness 
 
Linear 
 
(MOR) psi. Shrinkage, % 
 
dry (plastic) 
 
Absorption % 
 
Appr. Por. % 
 
Other data: Warpage 
 
1840 Pinkish-tan 
 
778 2.5 (6 .1) 
 
19.9 
 
(1005) (5YR-8/4) 
 
Very slight. 
 
1920 Buff-pink 
 
1209 
 
(1050) tan (5YR-7/5) 
 
3.9 (7.5) 
 
16.5 
 
Very slight. 
 
2000 Tan-brown (1095) (5YR-7/5) 
 
1522 4.8 (8.2) 
 
13.4 
 
Very slight. 
 
2060 Light brown 1569 6.0 (9.4) (1125) (5YR-6/6) 
 
13.2 
 
Slight. 
 
2090 Dead light- 1705 0145) brown(5YR-6/5) 
 
6.2 {9.6) 
 
11.9 
 
Some. 
 
2160 Dead light- 1987 ( 1180) brown (SYR-5/5) 
 
6.3 (9.6) 
 
10.5 
 
Slight. 
 
Remarks I Other Tests Firing rang e = Cone 1 to 5 and higher. This shale was used 
by theW. S. Dickey Clay Mfg. Company, in mixtures with Tenn. shale and Ala. fire 
clay, to manufacture sewer pipe at their plants in east Rome and Macon, Ga. 
(Smith, 1931, p,. 81-83 and p. 307). Shale was min ed from 1920 to about 1928. 
 
Preliminary Bloating (Quick Firing) Tests: Not determined. 
 
*Note: Munsell color notation "5YR" corresponds to the original notation "YR" reported in Smith (1931). 
 
-62- 
 
 locn. no. Fl. 31S-6 , cont. 
 
Crushing Characteristics (unfired material) Fairly easy, brittle grinding. 
 
Particle Size -16 mesh. Retention Time Approx. 17 hours. 
 
Chemical & Mineralogical Data: 
 
. 
 
Chemical Analysis 
 
Oxide 
 
Weight % 
 
Mineralogy: Not determined. 
 
Mineral 
 
volume % 
 
SiOz 
 
TiOz 
 
Al Fe 
 
22oo33 
 
FeO 
 
MnO 
 
MgO 
 
66.94 0.55 16.34 4.33 0.32 0.00 0.48 
 
Quartz Feldspar Carbonate Mica Chlorite- 
vermiculite 
 
CaO 
Na 2o 
KzO 
P2o5 
s c 
Hco2o2- 
H2o+ 
 
(total) (org.) 
 
0.00 2. 74 1. 88 0.27 
* 
 
Montmorillonite Others 
Total 
 
Ignition 
 
6.16 
 
loss Total 
 
100.01* 
 
(* = analysis recalculated on an H20- -free basis 
 
by Smith, 1931, p. 82.) 
 
Analyst E. Everhart, Ga. Geo 1. Survey. 
 
Date c.l930. 
 
Method Standard "wet". 
 
Sample Location Data: 
 
County Flox:d. 
 
Land Lot 201 
 
Sec. _:::3_ __ 
 
7 1/2' topo quad. Rome North (S. cntr.). Lat. 
 
Dist. 23 Long. 
 
Field No. ~R~-~2~------- ' Collected by R. W. Smith. 
 
Date 7-25-29. 
 
Sample Method Grab samples. 
 
Weathering/alteration Weathered. 
 
Structural Attitude --V~ar~ia~b~le-a=t~ tit~u~d~ es~. -------------------- 
Stratigraphic Assignment Floyd Shale (Mississippian) - possibly with some Cambrian Conasauga shale? 
Sample Description & Comments Variable shale from the Rome Shale Pit of the 
Dicke Cla Mf . Co. Much is dark brown or dark re , but it ranges from a soft almost clay-like reddish-brown, to gray to almost black shale to a hard, drab or greenish-drab shale. Some fresh shale is slightly calcareous and contains area of interbedded sandstone. Representative samples taken from a large irregular pit (about 10 acres) averaging 20 ft. deep between the Central of Ga. and the Southern RR. tracks in west Rome, about 1 mi. W. of the Romega Cla Products plant (see Fl. 31S-5) (Smith, 1931, p.80-83 and Furcron, 1958, p.5, No. 21 - no further ceramic tests  
 
Compiled by B. J. O'Connor 
 
Date 2-17-86 
 
---------~~------- 
 
--=~~~---- 
 
-63- 
 
 CERAMIC TESTS AND ANALYSES 
 
Material Soft shale (Floyd). 
 
Compilation Map Location No. FL.31S-7a 
 
County Floyd. Raw Properties: 
 
Sample Number --R---71-A---------- 
Lab & No. Ga.Tech., #7. 
 
Date Reported 1931. 
 
Ceramist R. W. Smith, Ga. Geol. Survey. 
 
--~--------------- 
 
Water of Plasticity 
 
23.5 %Working Properties Grainy plasticity at first 
 
(good on aging overnight); fairly rapid slaking; fair molding behavior- slight 
 
tear in 
 
Color Light brown Drying Shrinkage 
 
2.9 % Dry Strength (MOR) 161.9 psi. 
 
Remarks Drying Behavior: good. 
 
Slow Firing Tests: 
 
Approx. Temp. 
OF 
(oC) 
 
Color* (Munsell) 
 
Hardness 
 
Linear 
 
(MOR) psi. Shrinkage, % 
 
dry (plastic) 
 
Absorption % 
 
1840 Pale salmon (1005) (5YR-8/4) 
 
918 1.9 (4.8) 
 
17.6 
 
1920 Light salmon 1043 (1050) (5YR-7/6) 
 
2.6 (5.4) 
 
16.2 
 
2000 Reddish sal- 1419 (1095) mon (5YR-7/5) 
 
3.6 (6.5) 
 
14.1 
 
2060 Light 
 
1720 
 
(1125) brownish red 
 
(5YR-6/6) 
 
5.0 (7.8) 
 
12. 1 
 
2090 Medium 
 
1967 
 
0145) brownish red 
 
(5YR-6/5) 
 
5.8 (8.4) 
 
10.3 
 
2160 Medium 
 
2310 5.9 (8.8) 
 
8.8 
 
(1180) brownish red 
 
(5YR-5/5) 
 
Remarks I Other 
Cone 1 to 5 and 
 
Appr. Por. % 
 
Other data: Warpage 
None. 
 
None. 
 
None. 
 
Very slight. 
 
Considerable. 
 
Some. 
 
tile ; fi. red 
 
Preliminary Bloating (Quick Firing) Tests: Not determined. 
*Note: Munsell color notation 11 5YR11 corresponds to the original notation "YR" reported in Smith (1931). 
-64- 
 
 locn. no. Fl.31S-7a , cont. 
 
Crushing Characteristics (unfired material) Easy grinding. 
 
Particle Size -16 mesh. Retentiori Time Approx. 17 hours. 
 
Chemical & Mineralo~ical Data: 
 
Chemical Analysis 
 
Mineralogy: Not determined. 
 
Oxide 
 
Weight % 
 
Mineral 
 
volume % 
 
Sio2 
ATFelio22oo233 
FeO 
 
69.75 0.37 
15.91 5.12 
 
Quartz Feldspar Carbonate Mica 
 
MnO 
 
MgO 
 
1. 51 
 
Chloritevermiculite 
 
CaO 
Na 2o 
KzO PzOs so3 
c 
 
(org.) 
 
0.00 0.45 1. 21 trace 
0.00 
 
Montmorillonite Others 
Total 
 
COz HzO- 
H2o+ 
Ignition 
 
* 
5.81 
 
loss Total 
 
100 .13* 
 
(* = analysis recalculated on an H2o- -free basis by 
Smith, 1931, p. 86.) 
 
Analyst E. Everhart, Ga. Geol. Survey. 
 
Date c.l930. 
 
Method Standard "wet". 
 
Sample Location Data: 
 
County ___F_l~o~y_d_. ________ Land Lot ------ Sec. 
 
Dist. 
 
7 1/2' topo quad. Rock Mountain (E. Cntr.). Lat.- - - - - - - Long. 
 
Field No. ---R---7-1-A-------------, Collected by R. W. Smith. 
 
Date 7-5-30 
 
Sample Method Grab samples. Weathering/alteration Weathers into fine, soft to waxy flakes . 
Structural Attitude 
 
Stratigraphic Assignment Floyd Shale (Mississippian). 
 
Sample Description & Comments Shale from the T. Berry property (both sides of the Central of Ga. RR. at Berryhill Stn.) about 6 . 5 miles NW. of Rome. Samples from cuts along Huffaker Rd. S. of the station and from fields, N. and S. of the road, S. of the RR. It ran es from soft, dark ra to black or brown and locall show beds of dark blue, argillaceous and siliceous limestone Smith, 1931, p. 85-87; also Furcron, 1958, p.5, No. 22- no further ceramic tests). 
 
Compiled by B. J. O'Connor 
 
Date ----2---1-0--8-6---------- 
-65- 
 
 CERAMIC TESTS AND ANALYSES 
 
Material Red clay (residual). 
 
Compilation Map Location No. Fl.31S-7b 
 
County Floyd. 
 
Sample Number _.;...R.;_-.;.7.;;;l_B_ _ __ 
 
Raw Properties: 
 
Lab & No. Ga. Tech. #7. 
 
Date Reported 1931. 
 
Ceramist 
 
_..;;;~~-------- 
 
R. W. Smith, Ga. Geol. Survey. 
 
Water of Plasticity 
 
39.8 % Working Properties Good plasticity, somewhat sticky; rapid slaking; laminated considerably on extrusion. 
 
Color Reddish-brown. Drying Shrinkage 11.3 %Dry Strength (MOR) 174.5 psi (but variable due to lamination). 
Remarks Drying Behavior: test bars slightly warped. 
 
Slow Firing Tests: 
 
Approx. Temp. 
OF (oC) 
 
Color* (Munsell) 
 
Hardness 
 
Linear 
 
(MOR) psi. Shrinkage, % 
 
dry (plastic) 
 
Absorption % 
 
Appr. Por. % 
 
Other data: Warpage 
 
1840 Salmon 
 
940 
 
( 1005) (5YR-6/6) 
 
3.9 04.8) 
 
17.5 
 
Slight. 
 
1920 Dark salmon 973 (1050) (7YR-7 /5) 
 
4.0 (14.9) 
 
15.8 
 
Slight. 
 
2000 Fair red 
 
541 
 
(1095) (lOR-5/ 5) 
 
5.2 (15.9) 
 
14.1 
 
Slight. 
 
2060 Fair red 
 
1058 
 
( 1125) (1 OR-5/5) 
 
6.6 (17.1) 
 
12.5 
 
Slight. 
 
2090 Good red ( 1145) (lOR-5/5) 
 
1178 
 
4.9 (15.7) 
 
13.2 
 
Considerable. 
 
2160 Good red 
 
993 
 
(1180) (1 OR-5/ 5) 
 
5.4 (16.1) 
 
11.9 
 
Some. 
 
Remarks I Other Tests Firing range = Cone 04 to 5 and higher. The lack of 
uniform results is largely due to the lamination of the test bars upon extrusion. If used by itself the clay i s sui t abl e only for making common building brick. It could also be used in blends \-lith other material s (e  31S-7a above) to im rove the fired colors Smith, 1931, p. 88 . 
 
Preliminary Bloating (Quick Firing) Tests: Not determined. 
 
*Note: Munsell color notations "5YR11 and "lOR" correspond to the original notations "YR" and "R-YR" respectively reported in Smith (1931). 
 
-66- 
 
 locn. no. Fl.31S-7b , cont. 
 
Crushing Charact~ristics (unfired material) Easy grinding. 
 
Particle Size -16 mesh. Retention Time Approx. 17 hours. 
 
Chemical & Mineralogical Data: 
 
Chemical Analysis 
 
Oxide 
 
Weight % 
 
Si02 Ti02 
 
63.01 1.38 
 
Al203 
Fe203 FeO 
 
14.69 8.98 
 
MnO 
 
MgO 
 
0.45 
 
CaO 
 
0.00 
 
Na20 K20 P2o5 
so3 c 
 
(org.) 
 
0.68 0.44 trace 0.00 
 
C02 
 
H2 o- 
 
* 
 
H2o+ 
 
Ignition 
 
9.42 
 
loss Total 
 
99.05* 
 
Mineralo&y: Not determined. 
 
Mineral 
 
volume % 
 
Quartz Feldspar Carbonate Mica Chlorite- 
vermiculite Montmorillonite 
Others 
 
Total 
 
(* = analysis recalculated on an H20- -free basis by 
Smith, 1931, p. 87.) 
 
Analyst E. Everhart, Ga. Geol. Survey. 
 
Date c.l930. 
 
Method Standard 11wet 11  
 
Sample Location Data: 
 
County Floid 
 
Land Lot 
 
Sec. 
 
Dist. 
 
7 1/2' topo quad. Rock Mountain (E. cntr.). Lat.- - - - - - 
Field No. _R_-~7~l~B______________, Collected by T. Berry. 
 
Long. Date 7-5-30 
 
Sample Method Grab samples. 
 
Weathering/alteration Kesidual clay. 
 
Structural Attitude ------------------------------------------ 
Stratigraphic Assignment Recent (?) re&idual cla from im ure limestone in the Floyd Shale Misaiss~ppian). 
Sample Description & Comments Samples of stiffly plastic, deep brick-red clay 
from several outcrops on low ridges north of the Central of Ga. RR. near Berry- 
hill Station, 6 1/2 miles NW. of ~oma. Collected b the owner of the T. Berr 
property Smith, 1931, p. 85-88; also Furcron 1 1958, p. 5 1 No. 22 -no further 
ceramic test&. 
 
Compiled by B. J. O'Cbnnor 
 
Date 2-10-86 
 
-67- 
 
 CERAMIC TESTS AND ANALYSES 
 
Material --~S~o~f~t~s~h~a~l~e~(~F~l~o~y~d~)~------------ Compilation Map Location No. Fl.31S-8 
 
County 
 
Floyd. 
 
Sample Number --~R~-~7~2_________ 
 
Raw Properties: 
 
Lab & No. Ga. Tech. #8. 
 
Date Reported 1931. 
 
Ceramist 
 
--~~~----------- 
 
R. W. Smith, Ga. Geol. survey. 
 
Water of Plasticity 
 
24.9 % Working Properties Good plasticity; rapid slaking; and good molding behavior. 
 
Color Drab. 
 
Drying Shrinkage _____ .4.;...;;.6~% Dry Strength (MOlt) 199 .J psi. 
 
Remarks Drying Behavior: Good. 
 
Slow Firing Tests: 
 
Approx. Temp. 
OF (oC) 
 
Color* (Munsell) 
 
Hardness 
 
Linear 
 
(MOR) psi. Shrinkage, % 
 
dry (plastic) 
 
Absorption % 
 
1840n Pale salmon (1005) (5YR-7/4) 
 
1063 
 
2.4 (6. 7) 
 
16.7 
 
1920 Light salmon 1294 (1050) (5YR-7/5) 
 
2.8 (7.2) 
 
15.4 
 
2000 l1edium salmon 1789 (1095) (5YR-7/6) 
 
4.6 (8.9) 
 
12.0 
 
2060 Light 
 
1943 
 
( 1125) brownish red 
 
(5YR-6/6) 
 
5. 7 (10.2) 
 
10.4 
 
2090 Light 
 
1982 
 
(1145) brownish red 
 
(5YR-6/6) 
 
6. 3 (10. 5) 
 
10.0 
 
2160 Medium 
 
2184 6.5 (11.2) 
 
9.1 
 
( 1180) brownish red 
 
(5YR-6/5) 
 
Appr. Por. % 
 
Other data: Warpage Slight. Slight. None. None. 
Slight. 
Slight. 
 
be i mproved by blend ing wi th red-firing materia l s such as the sur face clay 31S-7b). Th i s shale was mi ned by the Rome Brick Co. and the Oconee Clay Products Co. (Mil l edgevi lle ) (Furcron, 1958, p. 5 , No. 23-25- no further ceramic tests) . 
Preliminary Bloating (Quick Firing) Tests: Not determined. 
*Note: Munsell color notation "SYR" corresponds to the original notation "YR" reported in Smith (1931). 
-68- 
 
 locn. no. Fl.31S-8 , cont. 
 
Crushing Characteristics (unfired material) Easy grinding. 
 
Particle Size -16 mesh. Retention Time Approx. 17 hour!:!. 
 
Chemical & Mineralogical Data: 
 
Chemical Analysis 
 
Oxide 
 
Weight % 
 
Si02 
AT il o2o2 3 
Fe203 
FeO 
 
65.02 0.55 
21.67 5.26 
 
MnO 
 
MgO 
 
0.05 
 
CaO 
Na 2o 
K20 
 
P20s 
 
so 
c 
 
3 
 
(org.) 
 
0.00 0.47 0.86 trace 0.00 
 
C02 
H 2 o- 
H2o+ 
 
Ignition 
 
6.07 
 
loss Total 
 
99.95* (* 
 
Mineralogy: Not determined. 
 
Mineral 
 
volume % 
 
Quartz Feldspar Carbonate 
Mica Chlorite- 
vermiculite Montmorillonite 
Others 
 
Total 
 
analysis recalculated on an H2o- -free basis by Smith, 
1931, p. 90.) 
 
Analyst E. Everhart, Ga. Geol. Survey. 
 
Date c. 1930. 
 
Method Standard "wet". 
 
Sample Location Data: 
 
County ___ __ F_l_o~y_d_. _______ Land Lot 
 
Sec. 
 
Dist. 
 
7 1/2' topo quad. Rock Mountain (E. cntr.). Lat. 
 
Long. 
 
Field No. R-72 
 
, Collected by R. W. Smith. 
 
----~------------ 
 
Date 7-5-30 
 
Sample Method Grab samples. 
 
Weathering/alteration Weathered. 
 
Structural Attitude (On Central of Ga. RR.) strike NE.- SW., di p approx. 
45 SE . 
 
Stratigraphic Assignment Floyd Shale (Mississippian). 
 
Samples of soft, gray to drab and gra yish-lavender, 
 
shale from outcro s in a valle between 2 low rid e s 1/4 mi . S of 
the Central of Ga. RR. alon a ri vate road lead ing sou th to the 'Alabama Road" 
 
-Ga. Hwy. 20 on the Berryhill Estate 7 miles NW. o f Rome and 1/2 mile W. of 
 
Berr hill Station (Smith, 1931, . 88-91). The shale in t his area 
 
the 
 
Rome Brick Co. and the Oconee Clay Products Co. Milledgeville) tn 
 
1958, p. 5, No. 23 to 25- no f urther ceramic tests) . 
 
Comp i 1ed by --=B-=--=J-=--=0-'-=C-=o-=n-=n;,;o;,;r;......_________ Date 2-10-86 
 
 CERAMIC TESTS AND ANALYSES 
 
Material Soft shale (Floyd). 
 
Compilation Map Location No. Fl.31S-9 
 
County Floyd. Raw Properties: 
 
Lab & No. 
 
Sample Number R-27 --~~---------- 
Ga. Tech., #9 
 
Date Reported 1931. 
 
Ceramist R. W. Smith, Ga. Geol. Survey. 
 
--~--------------- 
 
Water of Plasticity _______2~6~.8~.% Working Properties Good plasticity; rapid slaking; and excellent molding behavior. 
 
Color Brownish-gray. Drying Shrinkage 5.7 % Dry Strength (MOR) 224.6 psi. 
 
Remarks Drying Behavior: test bars a little slow in drying and warped slightly. 
 
Slow Firing Tests: 
 
Approx. Temp. 
OF 
("C) 
 
Color (Munsell) 
 
Hardness 
 
Linear 
 
(MOR) psi. Shrinkage, % 
 
dry (plastic) 
 
Absorption % 
 
Appr. Por. % 
 
Other data: Warpage 
 
1840 Pale salmon (1005) (6YR-715) 
 
1059 
 
2.5 ( 8. 1) 
 
17.2 
 
Slight. 
 
1920 Light salmon 1266 
(1050) (7YR-7 I 5) 
 
3.7 (8. 7) 
 
14.5 
 
Some. 
 
2000 Light salmon 1728 (1095) (7YR-715) 
 
5.2 (lO. 6) 
 
12.0 
 
Some. 
 
2060 Medium salmon 1987 7.2 (12. 2 
 
8.5 
 
(1125) (4YR-615) 
 
Some. 
 
2090 Light 
 
1968 6.5 (11.7) 
 
8.0 
 
( 1145) brownish-red 
 
(3YR-614) 
 
Considerable. 
 
2160 Medium 
 
2130 7.3 (12.3) 
 
7.2 
 
(1180) brownish -red 
 
(3YR-S/3) 
 
Some. 
 
Remarks I Other Tests Firing range = Cone 1 to 5 and higher (commercial kiln = 
Cone 1 to 5). This shale is suitable for making brick and tile although the fired color is poor. However, this could be improved b blendin with red-firin 
 
Preliminary Bloating (Quick Firing) Tests: Not determined. 
 
-70- 
 
 loco. no. Fl.31S-9 , cont. 
 
Crushing Characteristics (unfired material) Easy grinding . 
 
Particle Size -16 mesh. Retention Time Approx. 17 hours. 
 
Chemical & Mineralogical Data: 
 
Chemical Analysis 
 
Mineralogy: Not determined. 
 
Oxide 
 
Weight % 
 
Mineral 
 
volume % 
 
Si02 
 
66.94 
 
Ti02 
 
0. 74 
 
Quartz 
 
Al203 Fe 203 FeO 
 
19.12 2.84 
 
Feldspar Carbonate Mica 
 
MnO 
 
Chlorite- 
 
HgO 
 
0.23 
 
vermiculite 
 
CaO 
 
trace 
 
Montmorillonite 
 
Na20 
 
1.48 
 
Others 
 
K20 
P205 S03 
c 
 
(org.) 
 
1. 36 0.34 trace 
 
Total 
 
C02 
 
H2 H2 
 
oo+ 
 
* 
 
Ignition 
 
7.10 
 
loss Total 
 
100.15* 
 
(* = analysis recalculat ed on an n 2o- -free oas is by Smith, 1931' p. 91.) 
 
Analyst E. Everhart, Ga. Geol. Survey. 
 
Dat e c. 1930. 
 
Method Standard "wet". 
 
Sample Location Data: 
 
County Floyd. 
 
Land Lot 81 
 
Sec. 4 
 
Dist. 4 
 
7 1/2' topo quad. Rock Mountain (cntr.). Lat. 
 
Long. 
 
Field No. ---R---2-7---------------, Collected by R. W. Smith 
 
Date 3-1-29 
 
Sample Method Grab samples. 
 
Weathering/alteration Weathered. 
 
Structural Attitude Strike NE. - SW. and dip 75 SE. 
 
Stratigraphic Assignment Floyd Shale (Mississippian). 
 
Sample Description & Comments Samples from several shallow gullies near the S. side of the Central of Ga. RR. on the Levinson Propert y (South of Huffaker Rd.) 1 1/2 m.iles W. of Ber r yhill Station a nd 8 miles NW. o f Rome . It is a so f t, gray flaky shale and is overlain by 5 ft. of cl ay and gravel (not sampled). Sample s collected by Smith (1931, p. 91-92) from 3 outcrops 15ft. apart. 
 
Compil e d by B. J. O'Connor 
 
Dat e 2-10-86 
 
-71- 
 
 CERAMIC TESTS AND ANALYSES 
 
Material __M_o~t~t_l~e_d~c_l_a~y~(_F~l~o~y~d~S~h~a~l~e~)~----- Compilation Map Location No. Fl.31S-l0 
 
County 
 
Floyd. 
 
Sample Number __R_-_6___________ 
 
Raw Properties: 
 
Lab & No. Ga. Tech., #10. 
 
Date Reported 1931. 
 
Ceramist R. W. Smith, Ga. Geol. Survey. 
 
--~~~---------- 
 
Water of Plasticity ____2_7_._0_% Working Properties Very good plasticity; rapid 
 
slakin ; exceilent molding behavior. 
 
Color Light 
 
Drying Shrinkage ____6_._0_% Dry Strength MOR 157.9 psi. 
 
grayish-brown. 
 
Remarks Drying Behavior: all test bars somewhat warped. 
 
Slow Firing Tests: 
 
Approx. Temp. 
OF (oC) 
 
Color* (Munsell) 
 
Hardness 
 
Linear 
 
(MOR) pst. Shrinkage, % 
 
dry (plastic) 
 
Absorption % 
 
Appr. Por. % 
 
Other data: Warpage 
 
1840 Salmon (1005) (5RY-7/5) 
 
895 
 
2.3 (8.7) 
 
18.2 
 
Some. 
 
1920 Salmon (1050) (3YR-6/5) 
 
1235 
 
3.6 (8.9) 
 
16.7 
 
Some. 
 
2000 Salmon (1095) (lYR-6/4) 
 
1543 
 
5.0 (10.2) 
 
13.9 
 
Some. 
 
2060 Salmon-red (1125) (2YR-6/4) 
 
1837 
 
6.3 (12.0) 
 
10.3 
 
Some. 
 
2090 Light red 
 
1859 
 
6.2 (11.8) 
 
9.5 
 
(1145) (l OR-5/5) 
 
Some. 
 
2160 Fair red 
 
2187 
 
8.1 (13. 3) 
 
7.4 
 
(1180) (lOR-5/4) 
 
Considerable. 
 
Remarks I Other Tests Firing Range = Cone 3 to 5 and higher. This clay was mined 
 
b the Oconee Cla & Shale Products Co. and bl ended with a residual cla from the 
 
Milled eville area for structural and drain 
 
Smith, 1931, . 93 and . 313; 
 
also Furcron, 1958, p. 5, No. 29 - Fl.57-12 
 
Preliminary Bloating (Quick Firing) Tests: Not determined. 
 
*Note: Munsell color notations "5YR" and "lOR" correspond to the original notations "YR" and "R-YR" respectively reported in Smith (1931). 
 
-72- 
 
 locn. no. Fl.31S-10 , cont. 
 
Crushing Characteristics (unfired material) Easy grinding . 
 
Particle Size -16 mesh. Retention Time App rox. 17 hours. 
 
Chemical & Mineralo~ical Data: 
 
Chemical Analysis 
 
Mineralogy: Not determined. 
 
Oxide 
 
Weight i. 
 
Mineral 
 
volume % 
 
SiOz 
 
60.39 
 
TiOz 
 
1.09 
 
Quartz 
 
Al 2o3 Fe 2o3 
FeO 
 
24.38 4.05 0.31 
 
Feldspar Carbonate Mica 
 
MnO 
 
Chlorite- 
 
MgO 
 
0.11 
 
vermiculite 
 
CaO 
 
0.00 
 
Montmorillonite 
 
Na 2o 
K20 P20s 
 
1. 72 1.32 trace 
 
Others 
 
S03 
 
0.11 
 
c 
 
(org.) 
 
Total 
 
CHHo22oo2+- 
 
* 
 
Ignition 
 
6.42 
 
loss Total 
 
99.90* 
 
(* = analysis recalculated on an H20- -free basis 
 
by Smith, 1931, p. 93). 
 
Analyst E. Everhart, Ga. Geol. Survey. 
 
Date c.l930. 
 
Method 
 
Standard 
 
wet 11 
 
11 
 
 
 
Sample Location Data: 
 
County Flovd. 
 
Land Lot - - - - Sec. 
 
Dist. 
 
- - - - - - 7 1/2' topo quad. Rock Mountain (cntr.) . Lat. 
 
Long. ___ 
 
Field No. R-6 
 
, Collected by R. W. Smith. 
 
--~~~------ 
 
Date 7-27-29 
 
Sample Method 2 groove s amples 
 
Weathering/alteration Residual clay 
 
(f r om 2 p laces) 
 
(weathered shale) 
 
Structural Attitude --------------------------,-------------------------- 
 
Stratigraphic Assignment Recent (?) residual clay from Floyd Shale (Mississippian). 
 
Sample Description & Comments Samp les from a cl ay pit (o pe ned about earl y 1929) on the S. side of the Central of Ga. RR., 7/8 mi l e W. of Hil l e r y Station, 1 3/8 mi. E. of Lavender Station and 9 mi. NW. o f Rome. The pit ( about 75 x 30ft. and up to 15 ft. 
dee ) shows a nearl structure le ss, mottled ra brown and red so f t cl a radio into 
a soft, weathered , light gray clay or shale at the pi t ' s bottom Smith , 1931, p. 
92-94 ; also see Fl. 57-l2 by Furcron, 1958, P 5, No. 29 ) . 
 
Compiled by B.J. O'Connor 
 
Date _ __:2;_- ..1;;..0.;;._-8.;..6,;;....._____ 
 
- 73- 
 
 CERAMIC TESTS AND ANALYSES 
 
Material County 
 
Shale, brown and black (Floyd). Floyd. 
 
Compilation Map Location No. Fl.31S-11a 
_ ___ Sample Number R-7-A ___;.___;.___;. 
 
Raw Properties: 
 
Lab & No. Ga. Tech. , #11. 
 
Date Reported 1931. 
 
Ceramist R. W. Smith, Ga. Geol. Survey. 
 
~~~-------- 
 
Water of Plasticity 
 
29.3 % Working Properties Good piasticity; rapid slaktrig; 
 
excellent molding behavior, but slightly laminated. 
 
Color Light brown. Drying Shrinkage 
 
6.5% bry Strertgth (MOR) 23 5.7 ps~. 
 
Remarks Drying Behavior: test bars all s iightiy warped. 
 
Slow Firing Tests: 
 
Approx. Temp. 
OF (oC) 
 
Color* (Munsell) 
 
Hardness 
 
Linear 
 
(MOR) psi. Shrinkage, % 
 
dry (plastic) 
 
Absorption % 
 
Appr. Por. % 
 
Other data: Warpage 
 
1840 Light red 
 
1803 4.9 (11.7) 
 
14.8 
 
(1005) (5YR-6/7) 
 
Slight. 
 
1920 Fair red (1050) (1 OR-5/ 6) 
 
1798 5.6 (12.2) 
 
12.0 
 
slight. 
 
2000 Good red (1095) (lOR-5/4) 
 
1681 6.8 (13.0) 
 
10.0 
 
Slight. 
 
2060 Medium red 
 
2278 7.4 (13.3) 
 
9.2 
 
(1125) (1 OR- 5/6) 
 
Slight. 
 
2090 Dark red 
 
2300 7.4 (13.1) 
 
7.3 
 
(1145) (1 OR-4/ 5) 
 
Slight. 
 
2160 Excellent 
 
2584 7.5 (13.6) 
 
5.8 
 
(1180) dark red 
 
(lOR-4/4) 
 
Slight. 
 
Remarks I Other Tests Firin g Range= Cone 04 to 5 (commercial kiln = Cone 04 to 
3). Sample is suitable for making brick and til e, plus possibly sewer pipe and 
conduits. Slight laminat ion may have a ffec ted the green and fired strengths 
(MOR). All fired bars showed sli ht traces of scummi n , but robabl not eno u h 
to be of signific~nce in commerical heavy clay products. Smith, 1931, p. 96; also see Furcrort, 1958, p. 5, No. 28- F~. 57-1 mi ned by Chattahoochee Brick Co.). 
 
Preliminary Bloating (Quick Firing) Tests: Not determined. 
 
*Note: Munsel color notations "5YR" and "lOR" correspond to the original notations "Y"R"and "R.,..YR" respectively reported in Smith (1931) . 
.. 
 
-74- 
 
 locn. no. Fl.31S-lla, cont. 
 
Crushing Characteristics (unfired material) Easy grinding. 
 
Particle Size -16 mesh. Retention Time Approx. 17 hours. 
 
01emical & Mineralogical Data: 
 
Chemical Analysis 
 
Mineralogy: Not determined. 
 
Oxide 
 
Weight % 
 
Mineral 
 
volume % 
 
SiOz 
 
TiOz 
 
Al Fe 
 
22oo33 
 
FeO 
 
59.91 0.56 22.03 7.50 0.32 
 
Quartz Feldspar Carbonate Mica 
 
MnO 
 
0.00 
 
MgO 
 
trace 
 
Chloritevermiculite 
 
CaO 
Na 2o 
KzO P205 
cso 3 
 
(org.) 
 
0.00 2.05 0.76 0.14 
o.oo 
 
Montmorillonite Others 
Total 
 
COz H20Hz0+ Ignition 
 
* 
7.50 
 
loss Total 
 
100. 77* 
 
(* = analysis recalculated on 
 
basis by Smith, 1931, p. 95.) 
 
Analyst E. Everhart, Ga. Geol. Survey. 
 
Date c.l930. 
 
Method Standard "wet". 
 
Sample Location Data: 
 
County Floyd. 
 
Land Lot 
 
Sec. 
 
Dist. 
 
7 l/2' topo quad. Rock Mountain (cntr.). Lat. 
 
Long. 
 
Field No. ---R---7---A-------------, Collected by R. W. Smith 
 
Date 7-27-29 
 
Sample Method Grab samples. 
 
Weathering/alteration Weathered. 
 
Structural Attitude Approximate strike N.60E., dip l5-20SE. (somewhat uncertain due to slumping). 
Stratigraphic Assignment Floyd Shale (Mississippian). 
 
Sample Description & Comments Samples from the Long property (W. of Fl.31S-l0) from cuts alon Huffaker Rd. 1/4 to 3/ 8 mile E. of Lavender Station and about l 8 mile N. o f the Central of Ga. RR. The shale ranges from fissile and black ( similar to Chattanoo a shale) to fairly soft, waxy and brown (Smith, 1931, p. 94-96 . It has subsequently been mined by the Chattahooch e e Brick Co. (Furcron, 1958, p. 5, No. 28- see F1.57-1). 
 
Compiled by B. J. O'Connor 
 
Date ---2---1-0---8-6----------- 
-75- 
 
 CERAMIC TESTS AND ANALYSES 
 
Material Shale, soft and dark (Floyd). County Floyd. 
 
Compilation Map Location No. Fl.31S-11b 
_ _____ Sample Number R_-_7;_-B 
 
Raw Properties: 
 
Lab & No. Ga. Tech. #11. 
 
Date Reported 1931. 
 
Ceramist 
 
-~~~----- 
 
R. W. Smith, Ga. Geol. Survey. 
 
Water of Plasticity 
 
31.4 %Working Properties Good plasticity, sticky at 
 
first; ra id slakin ; good molding behavior. 
 
Color Grayish-brown. Drying Shrinkage____65% Dry Strength MOR , 228.9 psi. 
 
Remarks Drying Behavior: good, only slight warpage. 
 
Slow Firing Tests: 
 
Approx. Temp. 
OF (oC) 
 
Color* (Munsell) 
 
Hardness 
 
Linear 
 
(MOR) psi. Shrinkage, % 
 
dry (plastic) 
 
Absorption % 
 
Appr. Por. % 
 
Other data: Warpage 
 
1840 Salmon ( 1005) (6YR-7/5) 
 
1483 
 
4.3 (lo. 7) 
 
19 .1 
 
Slight. 
 
1920 Salmon (1050) (3YR-6/6) 
 
1739 
 
5.1 (11.5) 
 
16.1 
 
Some. 
 
2000 Salmon (1095) (3YR-6/6) 
 
2134 
 
7.0 (12.9) 
 
11.1 
 
Slight. 
 
2060 Fair red 
 
2639 
 
8.8 (13.5) 
 
7.5 
 
(1125) (lOR-5/6) 
 
Some. 
 
2090 Medium red 2375 
 
8.6 (14.0) 
 
7.4 
 
0145) (1 OR-5/ 5) 
 
Slight. 
 
2160 Dark 
 
2784 
 
9.9 (15.2) 
 
4.4 
 
( 1180) brownish red 
 
(lOR-4/4) 
 
Some to 
~onsiderable. 
 
Remarks I Other Tests Firing Range= Cone 1 to 5 (commercial kiln= Cone 02 to 4) . 
The shale is suitable for making brick, tile and possibly sewer pipe (Smith, 1931 , . 98). Shale from this r oper t was later mined b the Chattahoochee BrLck Co. 
 
Preliminary Bloating (Quick Firing) Tests: Not determined. 
*Note: Munsell color notation "lOR" corresponds to the original notation "R-YR" reported in Smith (1931). 
 
-76- 
 
 locn. no. Fl.31S-llb, cont. 
 
Crushing Characteristics (unfired material) Easy grinding. 
 
Particle Size -16 mesh. Retention Time Approx. 17 hours . 
 
Chemical & Mineral og ical Data: 
 
Chemical Analysis 
 
Mineralogy: Not determined. 
 
Oxide 
 
Weight % 
 
Mineral 
 
volume % 
 
Sio2 
AFTeli022oo233 
FeO 
 
58.28 0.74 
17.18 13.86 
0.19 
 
Quartz Feldspar Carbonate Mica 
 
MnO 
 
Chlorite- 
 
MgO 
 
0.27 
 
vermiculite 
 
CaO 
 
0.00 
 
Montmorillonite 
 
Na 2o K20 P2o5 
cso3 
 
(org.) 
 
1. 55 1. 21 trace 0.11 
 
Others Total 
 
C0 H2 H2 
 
2oo+ 
 
Ignition 
 
* 6.66 
 
loss 
 
Total 
 
100.05* 
 
(* - analysis recalculated on an H2o- - bas is by Smith, 1931' p. 96.) 
 
Analyst E. Everhart, Ga. Geol. Survey. 
 
Date c.l930. 
 
Method Standard "wet". 
 
Sample Location Data: 
 
County ___F_l_o~y_d_._________ Land Lot 
 
Sec. 
 
Dist. 
 
7 1/2' topo quad. Rock Mountain (cntr.) . Lat. 
 
Long. 
 
Field No. ---R---7---B-------------, Collected by R. W. Smith. 
 
Date 7-27-29 
 
Sample Method Grab sample. 
 
Weathering/alteration --W--e-a-th-e-r-e-d-.------------ 
 
Structural Attitude 
 
Stratigraphic Assignment Floyd Shale (Mississippian). 
 
Sample Description & Comments Sample from cut on Huffaker Rd. beneath the Georgia 
Power Co. transmission lines about l 1/4 miles E. o f Lavender Stn. (Central of Ga. RR.) on the Lon pr o ert , about 1/2 mil e due N. of the Oconee Cla Products Co. 
 
weatherin into l a e rs 1/4 to 1 i n. th i ck and wi th a wax luster on knife-cut surfaces Smi th, 193 1 , p. 9 4-9 8 . Sh a l e was later mined in t h is area by t he Chattahoochee Brick Co., Furcron, 1958, No. 28, p. 5- see Fl.57-l.) 
 
Compiled by B. J. O'Connor 
 
Date 2-10-86 
-77- 
 
 CERAMIC TESTS AND ANALYSES 
 
Material Shale, soft (Floyd). 
 
Compilation Map Location No. Fl.31S-12 
 
County Floyd. Raw Properties: 
 
Lab & No. 
 
Sample Number R-10 ......;...__;;,~---- 
Ga. Tech., #12. 
 
Date Reported 1931. 
 
Ceramist R. W. Smith, Ga. Geol. Survey. 
 
__;;,~~--------- 
 
Water of Plasticity 
 
32.4 % Working Properties Good plasticity; rapid slaking; 
 
and good molding behavior. 
 
Color Yellowish-brown. Drying Shrinkage 5.4 % Dry Strength (MOR) 148.5 psi. 
 
Remarks Drying Behavior: good, very little warpage. 
 
Slow Firing Tests: 
 
Approx. Temp. 
OF (oC) 
 
Color* (Munsell) 
 
Hardness 
 
Linear 
 
(MOR) psi. Shrinkage, % 
 
dry (plastic) 
 
Absorption % 
 
Appr. Por. % 
 
Other data: Warpage 
 
1840 Salmon (1005) (5YR-6/6) 
 
742 3.2 (8.5) 
 
21.6 
 
Slight. 
 
1920 Light red 
 
799 4.0 (9.4) 
 
20.2 
 
(1050) (2YR-6/5) 
 
Slight. 
 
2000 Light red (1095) (3YR-6/5) 
 
1065 5.8 (11.1) 
 
16.8 
 
Slight. 
 
2060 Medium red (1125) (lQR-5/5) 
 
1478 7.6 (12.7) 
 
12.8 
 
Slight. 
 
2090 Good red (1145) (10R-5/4) 
 
1707 7.2 01.9) 
 
12.5 
 
Slight. 
 
2160 Good red (1180) (lOR-4/4) 
 
1698 8.0 (12.8) 
 
11.6 
 
Slight. 
 
Remarks I Other Tests Firing Range = Cone 1 to 5 and higher ( commercial kiln = 
Cone 02 to 5). This shale is suitable for brick and medium-fired structural tile 
(Smith, 1931, p. 101; also Furcron, 1958, p. 5, No. 31-no f urther ceramic tests). 
 
Preliminary Bloating (Quick Firing) Tests: Not determined. 
 
*Note: Munsell color notations "5YR" and "lOR" correspond to the original nota'tions "YR" and 11 R-YR" respectively reported in Smith (1931). 
 
-78- 
 
 locn. no. Fl.31S-12 , cont. 
 
Crushing Characteristics (unfired material) Easy grinding. 
 
Particle Size -16 mesh. Retention Time Approx. 17 hours. 
 
Chemical & Mineralogical Data: 
 
Chemical Analysis 
 
Oxide 
 
Weight % 
 
Sio2 
ATFeli 022 oo2 33 
FeO 
 
57.43 0.56 
21.17 9.36 0.00 
 
MnO 
 
0.58 
 
MgO 
 
1. 94 
 
CaO 
 
Na 2o 
 
K2 0 
 
P2o5 
 
so c 
 
3 
 
(org.) 
 
0.00 0.75 0.48 0.53 0.28 
 
co 
H2 
 
2o- 
 
* 
 
H2o+ 
 
Ignition 
 
6.99 
 
loss 
 
Total 
 
100.07* 
 
Analyst E. Everhart, Ga . Geol. 
 
Mineralogy: Not determined. 
 
Mineral 
 
volume % 
 
Quartz Feldspar Carbonate Mica Chlorite- 
vermiculite Montmorillonite 
Others 
 
Total 
 
(* = analysis recalculated on an H20- -free 
basis by Smith, 1931, p. 100.) 
Survey. 
 
Date c.1930. 
 
Method Standard "wet 11  
 
Sample Location Data: 
 
County Floyd. 
 
Land Lot 
 
Sec. 
 
Dist. 
 
7 1/2' topo quad. Rock Mountain (SE. 1/4). Lat. 
 
Long. 
 
Field No. --R---1-0---------------, Collected by R.W. Smith. 
 
Date 7-29-29 
 
Sample Method Grab samples from new Weathering/alteration Weathered. 28 ft. water well. 
Structural Attitude Near the trace of the Rome fault. 
 
Stratigraphic Assignment Floyd Shale (Mississippian) near fault contact with Conasauga shales (Cambrian). 
Sample Description & Comments Samples of soft, plastic, yellowish-brown shale which breaks into small waxy flakes - in lower 20, ft. of well beneath 8 ft. of soil and sub-soil containin rounded r avel. (Semi- bar d , dr ab-c ol ored shale also crops out along t he nearby l ow rid e. Located on the J. L. Johnson roperty 
 
approximately half way be tween Robinson (on the E.) and Oreburg (on theW.) (Smith, 1931, p. 99-1 01; al so Furcron , 1958, p. 5. , No. 3 1, Dr . T.Ha rbin property- no f urther cerami c tests) . 
 
Compiled by ----B-.--J-.--O--'C-o-n-n-o-r-----Date 2-10-86 
-79- 
 
 CERAMIC TESTS AND ANALYSES 
 
Material Shale, soft (Conasauga). 
 
Compilation Map Location No. Fl.31S-13 
 
County Floyd. Raw Properties: 
 
Sample Number - - -R-8- - - - 
Lab & No. Ga. Tech. #13 
 
-------------- Date Reported 1931. 
 
Ceramist R. W. Smith, Ga. Geol. Survey. 
 
Water of Plasticity ---~34~.6~.% Working Properties Good plasticity; rapid slaking; 
 
Color Reddish-brown. riryi~g Shrinka~e 
 
good molding behavior. 6.9 % Dry Strength (MOR) 208.9 ps1. 
 
Remarks Drying Behavior: All test bars slightly warped. 
 
Slow Firing Tests: 
 
Approx. Temp. 
OF 
("C) 
 
,Color* (Munsell) 
 
Hardness 
 
Linear 
 
(MOR) psi. Shrinkage, % 
 
dry (plastic) 
 
Absorption % 
 
Appr. Par. % 
 
Other data: Warpage 
 
1840 Salmon (1005) (4YR-6/7) 
 
997 
 
4.1 (10.4) 
 
20.3 
 
Slight. 
 
1920 Salmon red (1050) (2YR-6/8) 
 
1249 
 
5.7 (11.5) 
 
16.9 
 
Some. 
 
2000 Light red (1095) (lOR-5/7) 
 
1542 
 
6.3 (14.0) 
 
13.6 
 
Very slight. 
 
2060 Good red 
 
2197 10.4 (16.0) 
 
8.1 
 
(1125) (lOR-5/ 6) 
 
Some. 
 
2090 Dark red 
 
1849 
 
9.2 (14.9) 
 
8.5 
 
(1145) (1 OR-4/ 5) 
 
Considerable. 
 
2160 Dark 
 
2053 10.3 (16.5) 
 
6.7 
 
( 1180) brownish red 
 
(lOR-4/4) 
 
Some to considerable. 
 
Remarks/ Other Tests Firing Range= Cone (commercial kiln= Cone 01 to 4). This shale should be satisfactory for making bricks and possibly 
 
5, No. 30- no further ceramic tests). 
Preliminary Bloating (Quick Firing) Tests: Not determined. 
*Note: MunsPll color notation "lOR" corresponds to the original notation 11 R-YR" reported in Smith (1931). 
 
-80- 
 
 locn. no. Fl.31S-13 , cont. 
 
Crushing Characteristics (unfired material) Easy grinding. 
 
Particle Size -16 mesh. Retention Time Approx. 17 hours. 
 
Chemical & Mineralogical Data: 
 
Chemical Analysis 
 
Mineralogy: Not determined. 
 
Oxide 
 
Weight % 
 
Mineral 
 
volume i. 
 
Sio2 
TFAeil022oo233 
FeO 
 
63.01 0.56 17.76 6.85 0.79 
 
Quartz Feldspar Carbonate Mica 
 
MnO 
 
0.00 
 
Chlorite- 
 
MgO 
 
0.23 
 
vermiculite 
 
CaO 
 
Na 2o 
 
K20 
 
P2o5 
 
so 
c 
 
3 
 
co 
H2 
 
o2 - 
 
H2o+ 
 
(org.) 
 
0.00 0.92 0.83 0.19 0.24 
* 
 
Montmorillonite Others 
Total 
 
Ignition 
 
8. 72 
 
loss Total 
 
100 .10* 
 
(* = analysis recalculated on an H20- -free basis 
 
by Smith , 19 31 p . 10 2 . ) 
 
Analyst E. Everhart, Ga. Geol. Survey. 
 
Date c.l930. 
 
Method Standard "wet". 
 
Sample Location Data: County Floyd. 
 
Land Lot 186 
 
Sec. 4 
 
__ Dist. 4 __;,. 
 
7 1/2' topo quad. Rock Mountain (S. edge) . Lat. 
 
Long. 
 
Field No. R-8 
 
, Collected by R. W. Smith. 
 
--~~-------------- 
 
Date 7-29-29 
 
Sample Method Grab samples. 
 
Weathering/alteration Weathered. 
 
Structural Attitude ----------------------------------------------------- 
Stratigraphic Assignment Conasauga Group shale (Cambrian). 
 
of Orebur station no further 
Compiled by ----B-.--J-.--O--'C-o-n-n-o-r---------- Date ---2---1-0--8--6----------81- 
 
 CERAMIC TESTS AND ANALYSES 
 
Material __S_h_a_l~e~, __s_o_f_t~(~C~o_n~a~s_a_u~g~a~)~ -------- Compilation Map Location No. Fl.31S-14 
 
County 
 
Floyd. 
 
Raw Properties: 
 
Sample Number ---R---5=3------ - 
Lab & No. Ga. Tech., #14. 
 
Date Reported 1931. 
 
Ceramist R. W. Smith, Ga. Geol. Survey. 
 
~~~------- 
 
Water of Plasticity 
 
27.4 %Working Properties Plaaticity is a little grainy 
 
at first, good after aging overnight; fairly rapid slak i ng; good molding behavior. 
 
Color Light 
 
Drying Shrinkage ----~5~ ~0 --~% Dry Strength (MOR) 153.2 psi. 
 
grayi sh-brown. 
 
Remarks Drying Behavior: good. 
 
Slow Firin~ Tests: 
 
Approx. Temp. 
OF (oC) 
 
Color (Munsell) 
 
Hardness 
 
Linear 
 
(MOR) psi. Shrinkage, % 
 
dry (plastic) 
 
Absorption % 
 
Appr. Por. % 
 
Other data: Warpage 
 
1840 Dark salmon 0005) (I YR-6/8) 
 
1259 
 
5.4 (10. 3) 
 
12.0 
 
Slight. 
 
1920 Light red (1050) (IYR-5/7) 
 
1463 5.8 (10.5) 
 
10.3 
 
Slight. 
 
2000 Medium red 
 
2060 6.6 (11.3) 
 
7.2 
 
(1095) (1 YR-5/5) 
 
Slight. 
 
2060 Good red 
 
2589 9.1 (13.6) 
 
3.8 
 
(1125) (IYR-4/4) 
 
Some. 
 
2090 Deep 
 
1839 7.0 (ll.5) 
 
3.1 
 
Bad. 
 
(1145) chocolate red 
 
(2YR-3/5) 
 
2160 Deep 
 
2570 6.7 (11. 4) 
 
2.1 
 
(1180) chocolate 
 
(2YR-3/3) 
 
Considerable. 
 
Remarks / Other Tests Firing Range = Cone 1 to 5 (Commercial kiln = Cone 02 to 
4). The shale is suitabl e f or making brick - poss ibly for tile and sewer pipe 
( Smi th, 19 31, p . 106; also Furcron, 1958 , No. 34 , p.6 -see F1.57- 15). 
 
Preliminary Bloating (Quick Firing) Tests: Not determined. 
 
-82- 
 
 locn. no. Fl.31S-14 , cont. 
 
Crushing Characteristics (unfired material) Fairly easy grinding, brittle. 
 
Particle Size -16 mesh. Retention Time Approx. 17 hours. 
 
Chemical & Mineralogical Data: 
 
Chemical Analysis 
 
Mineralogy: Not determined. 
 
Oxide 
 
Weight % 
 
Mineral 
 
volume % 
 
Si02 Ti02 Al 2o3 Fe 2o3 FeO 
 
55.43 0.81 
27.56 5.91 
 
Quartz Feldspar Carbonate Mica 
 
MnO 
 
Chlorite- 
 
MgO 
 
trace 
 
vermiculite 
 
GaO 
 
0.00 
 
Montmorillonite 
 
Na 2o K20 P2o5 
S03 
c 
 
(erg.) 
 
0.72 1. 63 trace 0.00 
 
Others Total 
 
COz 
HH22oo+- 
Ignition 
 
* 7.89 
 
loss Total 
 
99.95* 
 
(* = analysis recalculated on an H20- -free basis 
 
by Smith, 1931, p. 104.) 
 
Analyst E. Everhart, Ga. Geol. Survey. 
 
Date c.l930. 
 
Method Standard "wet". 
 
Sample Location Data: 
 
County Floyd 
 
Land Lot 101 
 
------~--------- 
 
Sec. 
 
4 
 
Dist. 15 
 
- - - - - 7 1/2' topo quad. a1attoogaville (SE. 1/4). Lat. 
 
Long. 
 
Field No. --R---5-3---------------, Collected by R. W. Smith. 
 
Date 8-14-29 
 
Sample Method Grab samples. 
 
Weathering/alteration Weathered. 
 
Structural Attitude Strike N. 70 W., dip 45N. 
 
Stratigraphic Assignment Conasauga Group shale (Cambrian). 
 
Sample Description & Comments Samples of soft, olive-green to drab shale (flaky- 
weathering in places and splinter in others) from cuts on the "road from Lavender Station to Early Station' - present Ga. Hwy. 20 ? on the slope E. of King Creek. The road forms the boundary between the C. Evans pr ope rty on t he N. and the G. Russell property on the S. (Smith, 1931, p. 103-106)-corresponding to the W. E. Bridges and D. Dav i s properties respectivel of Furcron (1958, p. 6, No. 34 - see Fl. '5 7-15 
 
Compiled by ---B-.--J-.--O--'C--o-n-n-o-r----------- Date 
-83- 
 
2-10-86 
 
 CERAMIC TESTS AND ANALYSES 
 
Material ~S~h~a~l~e~,~s~o~f~t~(~C~o~n~a~s~a~ug~a~)~ -------- Compilation Map Location No. Fl.31S-15 
 
County 
 
Floyd. 
 
Raw Properties: 
 
Sample Number --R-~-3-'7--------- 
Lab & No. Ga. Tech., #15. 
 
Date Reported 1931. 
 
Ceramist 
 
--~~~----------- 
 
R. W. Smith, Ga. Geol. Survey. 
 
Water of Plasticity 
 
26.8 % Working Properties Good plasticity; fairly rapid 
 
slaking; good molding behavior. 
 
Color Brownish-drab. Drying Shrinkage 
 
4.5 % Dry Strength (MOR) 171.2 psi. 
 
Remarks Drying Behavior: All test bars slightly warped. 
 
Slow Firing Tests: 
 
Approx. Temp. 
OF (oC) 
 
Color* (Munsell) 
 
Hardness 
 
Linear 
 
(MOR) psi. Shrinkage, % 
 
dry (plastic) 
 
Absorption % 
 
Appr. Por. % 
 
Other data: Warpage 
 
1840 Salmon (1005) (3YR-6/ 7) 
 
701 3.5 (7. 9) 
 
16.8 
 
Slight. 
 
1920 Light red (1050) (1 OR-5/5) 
 
1107 4.4 (8.5) 
 
14.1 
 
Slight. 
 
2000 Medium red (1095) (1 OR-5/ 3) 
 
1318 5.4 (9. 7) 
 
12.9 
 
Slight. 
 
2060 Fair red ( 1125) (lOR-5/4) 
 
1636 6.8 (10.8) 
 
10.5 
 
Slight. 
 
2090 Deep red 
 
2032 7.4 (11.7) 
 
7.3 
 
(1145) (1 OR-4/5) 
 
Considerable. 
 
2160 Very 
 
2203 8.4 (12. 5) 
 
6.4 
 
( 1180) deep red 
 
(8R-4/3) 
 
Some. 
 
Remarks / Other Tests Firing Range = Cone 1 to 5 and higher (commercial kiln = 
Cone 02 to 05). This shale is suitable for the manufacture of brick and possibly tile and sewer pi e (Smith, 1 93 1 , . 108  a l so Furcron, 1958,  6, No. 32. - no fu r ther ceramic tests  
 
Preliminary BloatinR (Quick Firing) Tests: Not determined. 
 
*Note: Munsell color not~tion "lOR" corr e sponds to the original notation "R-YR" reported in Smith (1931). 
 
~84- 
 
 locn. no. Fl.31S-15 , cont. 
 
Crushing Characteristics (unfired material) Fairly easy grinding, brittle. 
 
Particle Size -16 mesh. Retention Time Approx. 17 hours. 
 
Chemical & Mineralogical Data: 
 
Chemical Analysis 
 
Min e ralogy: No t determine d. 
 
Oxide 
 
y!eight % 
 
Mi n e r a l 
 
volume % 
 
Sio2 Ti02 
Al203 
Fe203 FeO MnO 
MgO CaO 
 
60.92 0.93 
20.84 7.32 0.64 
0.04 0 . 48 
 
Quartz Feldspar Carbonate Mica Chlorite- 
vermiculite Montmorillonite 
 
Na20 
 
trace 
 
Others 
 
K20 
P2os so3 
c 
 
(org.) 
 
1. 24 0 . 12 0 . 24 
 
Total 
 
C02 
 
HH22oo+- 
 
* 
 
Ignition 
 
7.18 
 
loss Total 
 
99. 95* 
 
(* = analysis recalcul a ted on an H20- -free basis 
 
by Smith, 19 31, p. 10 7 . ) 
 
Analyst E. Everhart, Ga. Geol. Survey. 
 
Date c.l930. 
 
Method Standard "wet". 
 
Sample Location Data: 
 
County Floyd. 
 
Land Lot 286 
 
Sec. 
 
4 
 
7 1/ :1 ' topo quad. Livingston (NW. 1/4) . Lat. 
 
__ Dist. 4 .........;. 
Long. 
 
Field No. ---R---3-7--------------, Collected by R. W. Smith 
 
Date 8-6-29 
 
Sample Method Grab sample. 
 
Weathering/alteration Weathered. 
 
Structural Attitude 
 
Stratigraphic Assignment Conasauga Group shale (Cambrian). 
 
Sample Description & Comments Soft, olive-green shale which breaks into thin, flat 1eces and flakes with a wa xy luster - about 50 f t. thick e x posure on the S. bank 
o f the Coosa Ri ver at Turner Bend, 10 miles a i rl i ne) W. of Rome. No limestone is visible i n the shale, but a lense of massive limes tone underlies it near the shore line. Th i s outcrop i s near the l ine be tween tbe J. B. W1lliams and L. N. Coop e r 
r opert i es ( Smith, 193 1, 106 to 108; also Furcron, 1958, . 6 , No. 32 -no further ceramic tests . 
 
Compiled by B. J. O'Connor 
 
Date -----2---1-0---8-6--------- 
-85- 
 
 CERAMIC TESTS AND ANALYSES 
 
Material Shale, hard to semi-hard (Conasauga). Compilation Map Location No. Fl.31S-16 
 
County Floyd. Raw Properties: 
 
Sample Number -R--30-- - - - 
Lab & No. Ga. Tech., #16. 
 
Date Reported 1931. 
 
Ceramist R. W. Smith, Ga. Geol. Survey. 
 
-~~~------ 
 
Water of Plasticity 
 
20.7 %Working Properties Poor and grainy plasticity , 
 
even on aging a week; slow slaking; poor molding behavior (b ars swa l led and crac ked ). 
 
Color Light brown. Drying Shrinkage ---~2~.0~~% Dry Strength (MOR) 75.1 psi. 
 
Remarks Drying Behavior: Test bars show slight warpage. 
 
Slow Firing Tests: 
 
Approx . Temp. 
OF 
(oC) 
 
Color* (Munsell) 
 
Hardness 
 
Linear 
 
(MOR) psi. Shrinkage, % 
 
dry (plastic) 
 
Absorption % 
 
Appr. Por. % 
 
Other data: Warpage 
 
1840 Light red 
 
1879 4.8 ( 6. 7) 
 
9.7 
 
(1005) (2YR-6/7) 
 
Slight. 
 
1920 
 
* 
 
* 
 
* * 
 
6.9 
 
* 
 
(1050) 
 
2000 Medium red 
 
2383 4.6 (6.4) 
 
7.2 
 
(1095) (lOR-5/5) 
 
Some. 
 
2060 Good red 
 
2534 6.8 (8. 7) 
 
4.9 
 
(1125) (lOR-4/4) 
 
Considerable. 
 
2090 Deep 
 
2034 6.4 (7.8) 
 
1.9 
 
Bad . 
 
(1145) brownish red 
 
(lOR-3/5) 
 
2160 Deep 
 
2934 8.2 (10.0) 
 
2.4 
 
Bad. 
 
(1180) brownish red 
 
(lOR-3/4) 
 
(*=all test bars broke in handling.) 
 
Remarks / Other Tests Firing r ange= Cone 06 to 3 (commercial kiln= Cone 06 - 1). Shale is usable for makin brick and ossible structural tile. The oor wor ki n 
 
pugging ( Smith 1931, . 109 and 110) . 
 
lass and vesicular structure be an to 
 
develo p at rel ativel y low temperatures approx. 2090-2160 F ind icat ing it mi ght be 
 
used for expanded aggregate production. 
 
Preliminary Bloating (Quick Firing) Tests: Not determined. 
 
*Note: Munsell color notation "lOR" corresponds to the original notation "R-YR" reported in Smith (1931). 
 
-86- 
 
 locn. no. Fl.31S-16 , cont. 
 
Crushing Characteristics (unfired material) Fairly easy grinding, brittle. 
 
Particle Size -16 mesh. Retention Time Approx. 17 hours. 
 
Chemical & Mineralogical Data: 
 
Chemical Analysis 
 
Oxide 
 
Weight % 
 
Sio2 
 
Ti02 
 
Al Fe 
 
22oo 33 
 
FeO 
 
55.94 
Q.SS 
24.92 
7.80 
 
MnO 
 
MgO 
 
0.13 
 
CaO 
Na 2o 
KzO 
 
0.00 1.17 1. 94 
 
PzOs 
 
0.26 
 
803 
 
0.59 
 
c 
 
(org.) 
 
HCH022o2o+- 
Ignition 
 
~'r 
6.76 
 
loss 
 
Total 
 
100.06 
 
Analyst E. Everhart, Ga. 
 
Geol. 
 
Mineralogy: Not determined. 
 
Mineral 
 
volume % 
 
Quart;z Feldspar Carbonate Mica Chlorite- 
vermiculite Montmorillonite 
Others 
 
Total 
 
(* = analysis recalculated on an H20- -free 
basis by Smith, 1931, p. 109.) 
Survey. 
 
Date c.1930. 
 
Method Standard "wet". 
 
Sample Location Data: 
 
County Floyd. 
 
Land Lot ---- Sec. 
 
7 1/2' topo quad. Rome South (cntr.) . Lat. 
 
Dist. Long. 
 
Field No. ----~R_-~3~0____________, Collected by R. W. Smith. 
 
Date 8-2-29 
 
Sample Method Grooves (6 and 3 ft.) Weathering/alteration Little weathered. + grab sample composite. 
Structural Attitude Apparent strike N.25E., dip approx. 65E, variable. 
 
Stratigraphic Assignment Conasauga Group (Cambrian) shale. 
 
Sample Description & Comments Semi-hard to hard , greenish-drab to brown 
shale from about a 500 ft. long cut along US 411 -Ga. Hw . 53, 1/2 mile N. of Six Mile Station, about 1/4 mi. W. of the Southern RR., about 5 1 2 miles SW. of Rome, on the P. M. Foster property. The samples are of somewhat fissile shale from theN. end (3 ft. groove) and S. end (6 ft. groove) and a grab 
 
siliceous (less weathered ?) (Smi th, 1931, p. 108 to 110.) 
 
-------------------- Compiled by B. J. O'Connor 
 
Date 
 
------~~------------------ 
 
2-10-86 
 
-87- 
 
 CERAMIC TESTS AND ANALYSES 
 
Material Shale, hard to semi-hard (Conasauga). Compilation Map of Location No.Fl.31S-l7 
 
County Floyd. 
 
Sample Number __R_-..4:..:.8_ __ _ 
 
Raw Properties: 
 
Lab & No. Ga. Tech. #17. 
 
----------- Date Reported 1931. 
 
Ceramist R. W. Smith, Ga. Geol. Survey. 
 
Water of Plasticity 
 
24.1 %Working Properties Very poor plasticity, even on 
 
aging a week; very slow slakingj poor molding behavior (b ars swell, tear, and crack 
 
on ed es) . 
 
Color Light 
 
Drying Shrinkage _ 
 
brownish-gray 
 
3.6 %Dry Strength (MOR) 44.3 psi. 
 
Remarks Drying Behavior: All test bars somewhat warped. 
 
Slow Firing Tests: 
 
Approx. Temp. 
OF 
( oc) 
 
Color* Hardness 
 
Linear 
 
(Munsell) (MOR) psi. Shrinkage, % 
 
dry (plastic) 
 
Absorption % 
 
1840 Dark salmon (1005) (3YR-6/8) 
 
726 3.3 (6. 7) 
 
14.2 
 
1920 Light red 
 
1588 5.0 (8.5) 
 
9.8 
 
(1050) (lYR-5/5) 
 
2000 Medium red 
 
1260 5.0 (8.2) 
 
10.3 
 
(1095) (2YR-5/6) 
 
2060 Medium red 
 
1773 5.5 (8.8) 
 
9.0 
 
( 1125) (lYR-5/5) 
 
2090 Good red 
 
1809 5.9 (9.3) 
 
5.2 
 
(1145) (lOR-4/4) 
 
2160 Deep 
 
2547 7.3 (11.2) 
 
2.3 
 
( 1180) brownish red 
 
(lOR-3/4) 
 
2). 
 
Appr. Por. % 
 
Other data: Warpage 
Some. 
 
Considerable. 
 
Considerable. 
 
Considerable. 
 
Bad. 
 
Bad (slight vitrification on broken ends) 
= Cone 04 to 
 
Preliminar y Bloating (Quick Firing) Tests: Not determined. 
*Note:Munsell color notation "lOR" corresponds to the original notation "R-YR" in Smith (1931). 
-88- 
 
 locn. no. Fl.31S-17 , cont. 
 
Crushing Characteristics (unfired material): Fairly easy grinding, brittle. 
 
Particle Size -16 mesh. Retention Time Approx. 17 hours. 
 
Chemical & Mineralogical Data: 
 
Chemical Analysis 
 
Mineralogy: Not determined. 
 
Oxide 
 
Weight % 
 
Mine ral 
 
volume % 
 
Sio2 Tio2 Al 2o 3 Fe 2o3 FeO 
 
56.32 1. 09 
26.34 6.45 
 
Quartz Feldspar Carbonate Mica 
 
MnO 
 
Chlorite- 
 
MgO 
 
trace 
 
vermiculite 
 
CaO 
Na 2o 
K20 
P2o5 
so3 C02 
HH22oo+- 
Ignition 
 
0.00 0.90 2.72 trace 0.00 
* 
6.12 
 
Montmorillonite Others 
Total 
 
loss Total 
 
99. 94* 
 
(* = a nalysis recalculated on an H20- -free basis 
 
by Smith, 1931, p . 111.) 
 
Analy s t E. Everhart, Ga . Geol. Survey. 
 
Date 1931. 
 
Method Standard "wet". 
 
Sample Location Data: 
 
County Floyd. 
 
Land Lot 324 , Sec. 3 
 
Dist. 23 
 
7 1/2' topo quad. Rome South (NE. 1/4) . Lat. 
 
Long. 
 
Field No. R-48 
 
, Collected by R. W. Smith. 
 
----~~------------ 
 
Date 8-8-29 
 
Sample Method Grab. 
 
Weathering/alteration -------------- 
 
Structural Attitude Beds strike N.20E. and dip about 90E. 
 
Stratigraphic Assignment Conasauga Group shale (CaffiPrian). 
 
Sample Description & Comments Shale is from outcrops of semi-hard to hard, g reenish-drab Conasau a shale wea t herin into smal l flat pi eces and long splinters. Located on a low rid ge between the Southern RR . and S1 lver Cre ek on the west on the J. M. Graham prop e rty 1-1/2 miles S. of Rome and just N. of New Rome (Smith, 1931, p. 111 - 112. 
 
Compiled by B. J. O'Connor 
 
Date 2-10-86 
------~~---------- 
-89- 
 
 CERAMIC TESTS AND ANALYSES 
 
Material Shale, soft (Conasauga). 
 
Compilation Map Location No. Fl. 31S-18~ 
 
------~------~------~~--------- 
 
County 
 
Floyd. 
 
Sample Number ----R---3-2---A---- 
 
Raw Properties: 
 
Lab & No. Ga. Tech., #18. 
 
Date Reported --1-9-3-1-. ----------- Ceramist R. W. Smith , Ga. Geol. Survey. 
 
Water of Plasticity 
 
27.2 %Working Properties Fair plasticity, a little 
 
11 short 11 ; rapid slakin fair moldin behavior (cl a column tore some at edges and 
 
broke easil 
 
__ Color Brownish-tan Drying Shrinkage 
 
3.1 __;,..;.,;;,_% Dry Strength (MOR) 62.0 ps1. 
 
Remarks Dry ing Behavior: Test bars all slightl y war ped . 
 
Slow Firing Tests: 
 
Approx. Temp. 
OF (oC) 
 
Color* (Munsell) 
 
Hardness 
 
Linear 
 
(MOR) psi. Shrinkage, % 
 
dry (plastic) 
 
Absorption % 
 
1840 Salmon (1005) (4YR-6/6) 
 
992 5.0 (7 .8) 
 
15.7 
 
1920 Salmon ( 1050) (2YR-5/5) 
 
1122 4.8 (7.7) 
 
15.7 
 
2000 Dark salmon (1095) (2YR-6/5) 
 
1423 
 
5.9 (8.7) 
 
12.9 
 
2060 Fair red 
 
1958 8.8 (11.5) 
 
8.8 
 
(1125) (lOR-4/4) 
 
2090 Good red 
 
2342 9.9 (12. 9) 
 
5.8 
 
( 1145) (lOR-4/3) 
 
2160 Deep 
 
2775 10.9 (13.8) 
 
2.8 
 
(1180) chocolate red 
 
(lOR-3/ 3) 
 
Appr. Por. % 
 
Other data: Warpage 
Slight. 
 
Slight. 
 
Some. 
 
Some . 
 
Considerable. 
 
Considerable. 
 
Prel~ninary Bloating (Quick Firing) Tests: Not determined. *Note:Munsell color notatiun 11 l0R11 corresponds to the original notation 11 R-YR11 reported in Smith (1931). 
-90- 
 
 locn. no. Fl.31S-18a, cont. 
 
Crushing Characteristics (unfired material) Easy grinding. 
 
Particle Size -16 mesh. Retention Time Approx. 17 hours . 
 
Cl~tm i ca I & Mimralogical Datn: 
 
Chemical Analysis 
 
Mineralogy: Not determined. 
 
Oxide 
 
Weight % 
 
Mineral 
 
volume % 
 
Sio 2 
ATFeil o22oo2 33 
FeO 
 
62.20 0.37 
18.65 9.07 
 
Quartz Feldspar Carbonate Mica 
 
MnO 
 
Chlorite- 
 
MgO 
 
0.14 
 
vermiculite 
 
CaO 
 
0.00 
 
Montmorillonite 
 
Na 2o K20 P2o5 
 
1. 55 1. 66 trace 
 
Others 
 
so3 
 
0.52 
 
c 
 
(org.) 
 
Total 
 
CH022o- 
11 20+ Ignition 
 
* 5.83 
 
loss Total 
 
99.99* 
 
(* = analysis recalculated on an H20- -free basis 
 
by Smith, 1931, p. 113.) 
 
Analyst E. Everhart, Ga. Geol. Survey. 
 
Date c.l930. 
 
Method Standard "wet". 
 
Sample Location Data: 
 
County Floyd. 
 
Land Lot 
 
Sec. 
 
Dist. 
 
7 1/2' tapa quad. Rome North (SE. 1/4) . Lat. 
 
Long. 
 
Field No. ---R---3-2---A------------, Collected by R. W. Smith 
 
Date 8-3-29 
 
Sample Method Grab from stockpile. Weathering/alteration Weathered. 
 
Structural Attitude Strike N.30E,, dip about 90E, 
 
Stratigraphic Assignment Conasauga Group (Cambrian). 
 
Sample Description & Comments Stockpile sample of soft, brownish-drab shale mined from the shale pit (about 100 x 75 ft. and 25 ft. deep) just east of the B. M. Hood 
tile plant in North Rome--exact location unspecified (Smith, 1931, p. 112 Shale in the pit is overlain by 5 to 15 ft. of alluvial and colluvial 
 
which was used in the tile plant.) 
 
Compiled by B. J. O'Connor 
 
Date ---2---1-0---8-6----------- 
 
-91- 
 
 Material 
 
CERAMIC TESTS AND ANALYSES 
 
Clay, plastic (a 11 uv i a 1) . 
 
Compilation Map Location N' o. Fl.31S-18b 
 
County Flold. 
 
Sample Number R-32-B 
 
Raw Properties: Da t e Reported 1931. 
 
Lab & No. Ga. Tech., 1n8. 
Ceramist R. w. Smith , Ga. Geol. Survel 
 
Water of Plasticity 
 
26.4 %Working Properties Good plasticity; rapid slaking; 
 
excellent molding behavior. 
 
Color Dark buff. Drying Shrinkage 
 
8.1 %Dry Strength (MOR) 344.2 psi. 
 
Remarks Dry ing Behavior: Good, very little warpage. 
 
Slow Firirtg Tests: 
 
Aprox. Temp. 
OF 
(oC) 
 
Color* Hardness 
 
Linear 
 
Absorption 
 
(Munsell) (MOR) psi. Shrinkage, % 
 
% 
 
dry (plastic) 
 
Appr. Par. % 
 
Other data: Warpage 
 
1840 Light salmon 1140 (1005) (5YR-7/6) 
 
2.0 (10.1) 
 
16.2 
 
Very s 1ight. 
 
1920 Salmon (1050) (4YR-6/6) 
 
1227 2.0 (9.9) 
 
15.1 
 
Slight. 
 
2000 Dark salmon (1095) (lYR-6/5) 
 
1260 
 
3.5 (11.3) 
 
12.7 
 
Very slight. 
 
2060 Light red ( 1125) (2YR-5/5) 
 
1346 4.2 (12.2) 
 
12.4 
 
Very slight. 
 
2090 Meditml (1145) light red 
(1 YR-5/6) 
 
1388 3. 0 (10.4) 
 
12.5 
 
Slight. 
 
2160 Meditml red ( 1180) (lYR-5/4) 
 
1385 4.1 (11.9) 
 
11.2 
 
Slight. 
 
Remarks Cone 01 
 
193 1, p. 112-116 . 
 
Preliminary Bloating (Quick Firing) Tests: Not determined. 
 
*Note:Munsell color notation "5RY11 corresponds to the original notation "YR" reported in Smith ( 1931). 
 
-92- 
 
 locn. no. Fl.31S-18b, cont. 
 
Crushing Characteristics (unfired material) Easy grinding. 
 
Particle Size -16 mesh. Retention Time Approx. 17 hours . 
 
Chemical & Mineralogical Data: 
 
Chemical Analysis 
 
Oxide 
 
Weight % 
 
Sio2 
ATFeil 022oo2 33 
FeO 
 
63.95 0.46 19.68 5.50 
 
MnO 
 
MgO 
 
0.23 
 
Mineralogy: Not determined. 
 
Mineral 
 
volume % 
 
Quartz Feldspar Carbonate Mica Chlorite- 
vermiculite 
 
CaO 
Na 2o 
KzO 
P2os 
so 3 
C 
 
(org.) 
 
0.10 1.18 0.78 trace 0.35 
 
Montmorillonite Others 
Total 
 
COz 
 
H2 o- 
 
* 
 
H2o+ 
 
Ignition 
 
7.68 
 
loss Total 
 
99.91* 
 
(* = analysis recalculated on an HzO- -free 
basisby Smith, 1931, p. 114.) 
 
Analyst E. Everhart, Ga . Geol. Survey. 
 
Date c.l930. 
 
Method Standard "wet". 
 
Sample Location Data: 
 
County Floyd. 
 
Land Lot 
 
Sec. 
 
Dist. 
 
7 1/2' tapa quad. Rome North (SE. 1/4)  Lat. 
 
Long. 
 
Field No. R-32-B 
 
, Collected by R. W. Smith. 
 
--~~~~---------- 
 
Date 8-3-29 
 
---------- Sample Method Grab-from stockpile. Weathering/alteration 
 
Structural Attitude 
 
Stratigraphic Assignment Recent (?) alluvial terrace deposits above the Etowah River. 
 
Sample Description & Comments Sample of plastic, blue to brown alluvial clay with 
"more or less" fine sand and some f ine mica from pit beneath about 8 in. of soil 
overburden. Pit located S. of the B. M. Hood Co. roo f ing tile plant in North 
Rome--exact location unspecified (Smith, 1931, P 112, 114 - 116). 
 
-------------------- Compiled by --~B~~J~~O-'~C~o~n~n_o~r______ 
 
Date 
 
2-10-86 
 
-93- 
 
 CERAMIC TESTS AND ANALYSES 
 
Material Shale, hard (Conasauga). County Floyd. 
 
Compilation Map Location No. Fl.31S-l9 
__ _____ Sample Number R-41;........ 
 
Raw Properties: 
 
Lab & No. Ga. Tech., #19. 
 
Date Reported 1931. 
 
Ceramist R. W. Smith, Ga. Geol. Survey. 
 
~~~--------- 
 
Water of Plasticity 
 
%Working Properties Very poor plasticity, even after 
 
aging a week; very slow s lak i ng; and very poor molding 
 
behavior. 
 
Co lor Reddish-brown. Drying Shrinkage _____% Dry Strength 
 
Slow Firing Tests: Not determined due to very poor working properties. 
 
Color 
 
Hardness 
 
Linear 
 
Absorption Appr. Por. Other 
 
Shrinkage, % 
 
% 
 
% 
 
data: 
 
Remarks I Other Tests This shale "Had so little plasticity that the sample was 
dis carded wi t hout further tests." This indicates that the shale, by itself, is 
not suitable for making heavy cl ay products. However , i t might be usabl e f or light-weight aggregate manufacture (Smith, 1931, p. 117 and 118). 
Preliminary Bloating (Quick Firing) Tests: Not determined. 
 
-94- 
 
 locn. no. Fl.31S-19 , cont. 
 
Crushing Characteristics (unfired material) Fairly easy grinding, brittle. 
 
Particle Size -16 mesh. Retention Time 
 
Chemical & Mineralogical Data: 
 
Chemical Analysis 
 
Oxide 
 
Weight % 
 
Sio2 
TFAeli 022oo2 33 
FeO 
 
54.04 0.90 
26.10 9.50 0.76 
 
MnO 
 
MgO 
 
trace 
 
CaO 
Na 2o 
K20 P2o5 
303 
c 
 
(org.) 
 
0.00 0.10 2.31 0.20 0.17 
 
HHC022oo2+- 
 
* 
 
Ignition 
 
5.85 
 
loss 
 
Total 
 
99. 93* 
 
Analyst E. Everhart, Ga. 
 
Geol. 
 
Mineralogy: Not determined. 
 
Mineral 
 
volume % 
 
Quartz Feldspar Carbonate Mica Chlorite- 
vermiculite Montmorillonite 
Others 
 
Total 
 
(* = analysis recalculated on an H20- -free 
basis by Smith, 1931, -. 117.) 
Survey 
 
Date c.l930. 
 
Method Standard "wet". 
 
Sample Location Data: 
 
County ~F~l~o~y_d_______ Land Lot 256 and 257, Sec. 3 
 
Dist. 24 . 
 
7 1/2' tapa quad. Shannon (N. side) . Lat. 
 
Long . 
 
Field No. -----R---4-1------------, Collected by R. W. Smith 
 
Date 8-7-29 
 
Sample Method Grab samples. 
 
Weathering/alleration Some weathering. 
 
Structural Attitude Beds strike N.45E. and dip approx. 65SE. 
 
Stratigraphic Assignment Conasauga Group (Cambrian). 
 
Sample Description & Comments Samples of hard, brownish-red shale, locally 
weathered into slabs 1 to 2 in. thick, from cuts along the Southern RR., N. of Pinson Station, over a total distance of about 1/4 mile. Samples at botb ends of theW. T. Watters property, on the west side of the RR., 10 miles NE. of Rome (Smi th, 1931, . 117 and 118). This was described as the Bill McKeller pro ert by Furcron 1958, p. 4, No. 19 
 
Compiled by B. J. O'Connor 
 
Date 2-10-86 
--~~~~-------- 
-95- 
 
 CERAMIC TESTS AND ANALYSES 
 
Material Shale, hard (Conasauga). 
 
Compilation Map Location No. Fl.31S-20 
 
----~~--~--~~~--~~--------- 
 
County 
 
Floyd. 
 
Sample Number --R--2-0---------- 
 
Raw Properties: 
 
Lab & No. Ga. Tech., #20. 
 
Date Reported --~19~3~1-.---------- Ceramist R. W. Smith, Ga. Geol. Survey. 
 
Water of Plasticity 
 
%Working Properties Very poor plasticity, even 
 
after aging a week; very slow slaking; and very poor molding 
 
behavior. 
 
Color Reddish-brown. Drying Shrinkage _____% Dry Strength ----------------- 
 
Slow Firing Tests: Not determined due to very poor working properties. 
 
Color 
 
Hardness 
 
Linear 
 
Absorption Appr. Por. Other 
 
Shrinkage, % 
 
% 
 
% 
 
data: 
 
Remarks / Other Tests This shale "had so little p lasticity that the s ample was discarded without further tests.'' --indicating that, by i tself , the shale is not suitabl e f or making heavy cl ay products. In 1928-1929 th is pr operty was optioned and p ros pected for li ~ht-we i h t a re ate manuf acture, and t he shale was re ported 
to h ave be en fo und satis f acto ry Smit h, 1931 , p. 118 ) . 
Preliminary Bloating (Quick Firing) Tests: Not determined. 
 
-96- 
 
 locn. no. Fl.31S-20 , cont. 
 
Crushing Characl eristics (unfired material) Fairly easy grinding, brittle. 
 
Particle Size -16 mesh. Retention Time - - - - - - - 
Chemical & Mineralogical Data: 
 
Chemical Analys .. s 
 
Oxide 
 
Height % 
 
Si02 
TFAeil022oo2 33 
FeO 
 
60.67 0.54 
22.05 7.62 0.00 
 
MnO 
 
0.43 
 
MgO 
 
0. 20 
 
CaO 
 
Na 2o 
 
K20 
PzOs 
 
so c 
 
3 
 
(org.) 
 
0.00 0.76 1.85 0.13 0.12 
 
CH02 o2 - 
 
* 
 
H2o+ 
 
Ignition 
 
5.32 
 
loss 
 
Total 
 
99.69* 
 
Analyst E. Everhart, Ga. 
 
Geol. 
 
Mineralogy: Not determined. 
 
Mineral 
 
volume % 
 
Quartz Feldspar Carbonate Mica Chlorite- 
vermiculite Montmorillonite 
Others 
 
Total 
 
(* = analysis recalculated on an H20- -free 
by Smith, 1931, p. 118.) 
Survey. 
 
basis 
 
Date c.1930. 
 
Method Standard "wet". 
 
Sample Location Data: 
 
County Floyd. 
 
Land Lot 257 
 
Sec. 
 
3 
 
Dist. 24 . 
 
7 1/2' topo quad. Shannon (N. side) . Lat. 
 
Long . 
 
Field No. R-20 
 
, Collected by R. W. Smith 
 
---~-------------- 
 
Date 7-31-29 
 
Sample Method Groove (12 ft.) + grab Weathering/alteration Variably weathered. samples. 
Structural Attitude ------------------------------------------------ 
 
Strat: igraphic Assignment Conasauga Group (Cambrian). 
 
SampLe Description & Cormnents Samples of hard, reddish-brown to gray shale, 
weathered into slabs which break into splinter fra ments. 12 ft. groove sample taken from a cut on the Southern RR. E. side , 1/2 to l/4 mi. N. of Pinson 
 
"shallow prospect hole near the road" (railroad ?). This locality belonged to the National City Bank (Rome) when it was sampled and Lies approximately 10.25 miles NE. of Rome (Smith, 1931, p. 118). 
 
C>mpi led by B. J. O'Connor 
 
Date 
 
2-10-86 
 
-97- 
 
 CERAMIC TESTS AND ANALYSES 
 
Material Clay 
 
Compilation Map Location No. Fl.43-l 
 
County 
 
Flo~d. 
 
Sample Number 
 
Raw Properties: Date Reported 8-12-43 
 
Lab & No. Hansard, :/fFL G 1. 
Ceramist w. c. Hansard, Ga. Tech. 
 
Water of Plasticity 
 
%Working Properties Not very plastic; somewhat 
 
sticky. 
 
Color Light gray. Drying Shrinkage 
 
% Dry Strength ----------------- 
 
Remarks Drying properties: No warp~ng of test tiles. 
 
Slow Firing Tests: 
 
Appr.ox. 
 
Temp. OF 
 
Color 
 
( oc) 
 
(in a gas-fired muffle kiln). 
 
Hardness 
 
Linear 
 
Absorption 
 
Shrinkage, % 
 
% 
 
Appr. Por. % 
 
Other data: Remarks 
 
1145 
 
Light Fairly 
 
8.2 
 
c.l5-20 
 
(2093) 
 
buff 
 
hard* 
 
(Cone 0 1) 
 
Quite porous. 
 
2138 
 
Light Fairly 
 
8.5 
 
c.l5-20 
 
(1170) 
 
buff 
 
hard* 
 
(Cone 3) 
 
Quite porous. 
 
2246 
 
Light 
 
9.1 
 
(1230) 
 
buff 
 
(Cone 6) 
 
* can still be cut with a knife. ** almost steel hard. 
 
c.lS-20 
 
Quite porous. 
Free of warping at all cones. 
 
Remarks / Other Tests The c l ay would probably have to be mixed with a more plastic and lower-maturing clay for making pottery or structural clay products due to its stickiness and somewhat high maturing t emperature. However, its color and lack of warpage indicate it might be worthwhile i f blended properly. 
 
Preliminary Bloating (Quick Firing) Tests: Not determined. 
 
-98- 
 
 locn. no. Fl.43-l , cont; 
 
Crushing Characteristics (unfired material) 
 
Particle Size 
 
Retention Time 
 
Chemical & Mineralogical Data: Not determined. 
 
Chemical Analysis 
 
Oxide 
 
Weight % 
 
Si0 2 
 
Ti Al Fe 
 
0 2 
2 
 
oo2 3 3 
 
FeO 
 
MnO 
 
MgO 
 
GaO 
Na 2o 
K20 
 
P2os 
s c 
 
(total) (org.) 
 
HC02o2 - 
H2o+ 
 
Ignition 
 
loss 
 
Total 
 
Mineralogy Mineral 
Quartz Feldspar Carbonate Mica Chlorite- 
vermiculite Montmorillonite 
Others 
Total 
 
volume % 
 
Ana l yst 
 
Dat P 
 
Me tlt od 
 
Sample Location Data: 
 
County Floyd. 
 
Land Lot 
 
7 1/2' topo quad. Shannon (or Wax?) 
 
Sec. . Lat. 
 
Dist. Long . 
 
Field No. 
 
Collected by M. N. Griffin. 
 
Date May 1943. 
 
Sample Method Grab (?). 
 
Weathering/alteration ------------- 
 
Structural Attitude ------------------------------------------ 
Stratigraphic Assignment Tertiar (?) - probabl residual from Knox Group 
(C ambrian-Ordov i c ian carbonates. 
Sample Description & Conunents Light gray cl ay ("po ss i bl y of the fuller's earth or meta-bentonite typ e s") which is s ome wh a t sticky when Y~et, but does not seem to contain an appreci able quantity o f grit. Collect ed by Mr. 
Griffin, Griffin Foundr & Mach i ne Co. Rome , fr om hi s farm on the Kin g ston Roa d Ga. Hwy. 293 - formerly Hwy. 20 . Un~ubl. notes from Ga. Geol. Surv ey 
fil es.) 
 
CompLled by B. J. O'Connor 
 
Date 8-12-86 
 
-99- 
 
 CERAMIC TESTS AND ANALYSES 
 
Material ~C~l~a~y~(~f~i~n~e~-~~g r~a~in~e~d~k~a~o~l~i~n~)~------ Compilation Map Location No. Fl.46-1 
 
County 
 
Floyd. 
 
Raw Propertie s: 
 
Sample Number - - - - - - - - 
Lab & No. USBM, Norris, TN; Ga-25. 
 
--------------- Date Reported 7-18-46. 
 
Ceramist H. Wilson, USBM. 
 
Wat e r of Plasticity ------~% Working Properties Good plasticity and slakes readily. 
Color Near white Drying Shrinkage ____<_2~5 ____% Dry Strength 
(yellow and red stains). 
 
Slow Firing Tests: 
 
Temp. OF 
( oC) 
 
Color Hardness 
 
2192 Almost 
 
Very 
 
0200) white with hard 
 
red spots 
 
Linear 
 
Absorption 
 
Shrinkage, % 
 
% 
 
<25 
 
Appr. Por. % 
 
Other data: 
 
Remarks I Other Tests This clay may be of possible use for structural clay 
products manufacture. 
Preliminary Bloating (Quick Firing) Tests: Not determined. (No evidence of bloating from overfiring.) 
 
-100- 
 
 locn. no. Fl . 46-l , cont. 
 
Crushing Characteristics (unfired material) 
 
Particle Size ( 11 fine- grained 11 ). Retention Time 10 hours. 
 
Chemical & Mineralogical Data: Not determined. 
 
Chemical Analysis 
 
Oxide 
 
Weight % 
 
Si0 2 
TAFeito22oo233 
FeO 
 
MnO 
 
MgO 
 
CaO 
Na 2 o 
K20 
P2os 
s c 
 
(total) (org.) 
 
C02 
H2o- 
H2o+ 
 
Ignition 
 
loss 
 
Total 
 
Mineralogy Mineral 
Quartz Feldspar Carbonate Mica Chlorite- 
vermiculite Montmorillonite 
Others 
Total 
 
volume % 
 
Analyst 
 
Date 
 
Method 
 
Sampl e Location Data: 
 
County ___F_l_o~y_d_._________ Land Lot 
 
Sec. 
 
Dist. 
 
7 1/2' topo quad. Shannon (NE. 1/4) 
 
. Lat. 
 
Long  
 
Field No. 
 
Collected by K. H. Teague (TVA). Date June 1946. 
 
Sample Method ___G_r_a_b~( _? ~) _. __ 
 
Weathering/alteration -------------- 
 
Structural Attitude --------------------------------------------------------- 
Stratigraphic Assignment Tertiary (?) residual cl ay from Knox Group (CambrianOrdovician) carbonates. 
Sample Description & Comments Sa m le of white cla collected from near an old 
bauxite mine (about) 3 miles east of Hermitage in eastern Floyd Co. unpubl. notes from Ga. Geol. Survey f iles). 
 
Compiled by B. J. O'Connor 
 
Date 
 
11-29-82 
 
----~~~~----- 
 
-101- 
 
 CERAMIC TESTS AND ANALYSES 
 
Material Shale (floyd). 
 
Compilation Map Location No. Fl. 46-2 
 
County Floyd . 
 
Sample Number - -9. - - -- - 
 
Raw Properties: 
 
Lab & No. TVA, N. C. State Coll ege Research Lab 
 
Ashev i lle , N. C.; TVA # 106 
 
--------------- Date Reported 10-8-46 
 
Ceramist M. K. Banks, TVA. 
 
Water of Plasticity ----------%Working Properties ---------------------------- 
 
Color Dark brpwn. Drying Shrinkage __________% Dry Strength 
 
Slow Firing Tests: Not determined. 
 
Color 
 
Hardness 
 
Linear 
 
Absorption Appr. Por. Other 
 
Shrinkage, % 
 
% 
 
% 
 
data: 
 
Preliminary Bloating (Quick Firin g ) Tests: _N_e.g~a_t_i_v_e_.__________ 
 
2350 (1288) 
 
Absorption % 
 
Bulk Density lb/ft 3 
 
Pore Structure 
 
2400 (1316) 
 
Gray-white color, not vitrified (too refractory). 
 
2450 (1343) 
 
Remarks Not usable , by itself , for li ght-wei ght a ggregate manufacture. 
 
-102- 
 
 lotn. no. Fl.46~2 , cont. 
 
Crushing Characteristics (unfired material) 
 
Particle Size -8 mesh. Retention Time 30 min. (in muffle furnace). 
 
Chemical & Mineralogical Data: Not determined. 
 
Chemical Analysis 
 
Oxide 
 
Weight % 
 
SiOz 
 
TiOz 
 
AI Fe 
 
22oo33 
 
FeO 
 
HnO 
 
MgO 
 
CaO 
Na 2o 
K20 
 
PzOs 
s c 
 
(total) (org.) 
 
C02 
H2o- 
H2o+ 
 
Ignition 
 
loss 
 
Total 
 
Mineralogy Mineral 
Quartz Feldspar Carhonqte Mica Chlorite- 
vermiculite Montmorillonite 
Others 
Total 
 
volume % 
 
Anal'JSt 
 
Date 
 
Method --------------------------- 
Sample Location Data: 
 
County ___F~l_o~y~d_._________ Land Lot 
 
Sec. 
 
Dist. 
 
7 1/2' topo quad. Rock Mountain (cntr.) . Lat. 
 
Long. 
 
Field No. ----~9--------------, Collected by S. D. Broadhurst (TVA). Date 1946? 
 
Sample Method Grab (?) 
 
Weathering/alteration 
 
Structural Attitude 
 
Stratigraphic Assignment Floyd Shale (Mississippian). 
 
Sample Description & Comments Material is fresh~ dark brown to black, banded shale which is uite hi ,h in silica and heavil iron stained. Sam: le taken 
 
Station on the Central of Ga. RR. (W. of map locn. #81, in Butts and Gildersleeve, 1948). (From an interim report on tests from N.E. Research Lab via H. S. Rankin, TVA 10-22-46 . ) 
 
Compiled by B. J. O'Connor 
 
Date 11-29-82 -103- 
 
 CERAMIC TESTS AND ANALYSES 
 
Material __S_h_a_l_e~(_C_o_n_a_s_a_u~g_a__G_r_o_u~p~) _. ________ Compilation Map Location No. Fl. 46-3 
 
County 
 
Floyd. 
 
Raw Properties: 
 
Date Reported 10-18-46 
 
Sample Number ~1~0~ ----------- 
Lab & No. TVA, N. C. State Colle~e Research Lab Asheville, N. C.; TVA~ 10 7 
Ceramist M. K. Banks, TVA. 
 
Water of Plasticity 
 
%Working Properties 
 
----------~ 
 
---------------~~--------- 
 
Color Grayish-green. Drying Shrinkage ________% Dry Strength ----------------- 
 
Slow Firing Tests: Not determined. 
 
Color 
 
Hardness 
 
Linear 
 
Absorption Appr. Por. Other 
 
Shrinkage, % 
 
% 
 
% 
 
data: 
 
Preliminary Bloating (Quick Firing) Tests: Positive. 
 
2350 (1288) 
 
Absorption % 
 
Bulk Density lb/ft 3 
 
Pore structure 
 
2400 (1316) 
 
60 
 
Excellent. 
 
2450 (1343) 
 
30 
 
Excellent. 
 
Remarks Bloatin ~ ran ge = 2350 to ab out 2500F (1288 to 1371C); best at 2450F l343 5C . 
 
-104- 
 
 locn. no. Fl.46-3 , cont. 
 
Crushing Characteristics (unfired material) 
 
Particle Size -8 mesh. Retention Time 30 nnn. (in muffle furnace). 
 
Chemical & Minera logical Oat n: Not d(termi ned. 
 
Chemica 1 Analysis 
 
Oxide 
 
Weight % 
 
Si02 
 
Ti02 
 
Al203 
 
Fe203 FeO 
 
MnO 
 
MgO 
 
CaO 
 
Na20 
 
K20 
 
P2os 
s c 
 
(total) (org.) 
 
C02 
n2o- 
H2o+ 
 
[gnition 
 
loss 
 
Total 
 
Mineralogy Mineral 
Quartz Feldspar Carbonate Mica Chlorite- 
vermiculite Montmorillonite 
Others 
Total 
 
volume % 
 
Analyst 
 
Date 
 
Method 
 
Sample Location Data: 
 
County Floyd. 
 
Land Lot 
 
Sec. 
 
Dist. 
 
7 1/2' topo quad. Rome South (cntr.) . Lat. 
 
Long . 
 
Field No. 
 
10 
 
, Collected by S. D.Broadhurst (TVA). Date 1946? 
 
--~~-------------- 
 
Sample Hethod Grab (?) 
 
Weathering/alteration 
 
Structural Attitude 
 
Stratigraphic Assignment Conasauga Group (Cambrian). 
 
Sample Description & Comments Material is hard, grayish-green, quite sandy shale 
with abundant, thin sandstone layers. It is quite tocgh and blocky when fresh and weathers to light gray flakes. Location is 6 miles S. of Rome on U.S. 411-27 and 1/4 mi. N. of Six Mile Station. (From an interim report on tests from N.C. Research Lab via H. S. Rankin, TVA, 10-22-46; report ed in Butts and Gildersleeve, 19Lr8, p. 125, Table 8, no. 3.) Also see tests on 31S-16 and 60-la to 60-lf . 
 
Compiled by B. J. O'Connor 
 
Date -105- 
 
2-10-86 
 
 CERAMIC TESTS AND ANALYSES 
 
Material County 
 
__s_h_a_l_e~(_F_l_o~y_d~)_._________________ Compilation Map Location No. Fl.46-4 
 
Floyd. 
 
______ Sample Number 15. _...:....._ 
 
Raw Properties: 
 
Lab & No. 
 
Date Reported 10-8-46 
 
Ceramist 
 
--~~~----- 
 
TVA, N. C. State College Research Lab Asheville, N. C.; TVA# 112. M. K. Banks, TVA. 
 
-------- Water of Plasticity 
 
%Working Properties 
 
Co 1or B La c k  
 
- - - - - Drying Shrinkage 
 
% Dry Strength 
 
Slow Firing Tests: Not determined. 
 
Color 
 
Hardness 
 
Linear 
 
Absorption Appr. Por. Other 
 
Shrinkage, % 
 
% 
 
% 
 
data: 
 
Preliminary Bloating (Quick Firing) Tests: Negative. 
 
Temp. OF 
oc 
2350 (1288) 
 
Absorption % 
 
Bulk Density /cm3 lb/ft3 
 
Pore Structure 
 
2400 (1316) 
 
Gray-white color; not vitrified (too refractory). 
 
2450 (1343) 
 
Remarks Not usable, by itself, for Light weight aggregate manufacture. 
 
-106- 
 
 Crushing Characteristics (unfired material) 
 
locn. no. Fl.46-4 , cont 
 
Particle Size -8 mesh. Retention Time 30 mi~. (in muffle furnace). 
 
Chemical & Mineralogical Data: Not determined. 
 
Chemical Analysis 
 
Oxide 
 
Weight % 
 
SiDz 
 
TiDz 
Al 2o3 
Fez03 
FeD 
 
MnD 
 
MgD 
 
CaD 
Na 2o 
KzO 
 
PzOs 
 
s 
 
(total) 
 
c 
 
(org.) 
 
HCO2oz - 
H2o+ 
 
Ignition 
 
loss 
 
Total 
 
Mineralogy Mineral 
Quartz Feldspar Carbonate Mica Chlorite- 
vermiculite Montmorillonite 
Others 
Total 
 
volume % 
 
Analyst ------------Date 
 
Method ------------- 
Sample Location Data: 
 
County Floyd. 
 
Land Lot 
 
Sec. 
 
Dist. 
 
7 1/2' topo quad. Rome North (SW. 1/4) . Lat. 
 
Long. 
 
----------- Field No. 15 
 
Collected by S. D. Broadhurst (TVA) Date 1946? 
 
Sample Method Grab (?) 
 
- - - - - - - - - - - Weathering/alteration 
 
Structural Attitude ----------------------------------- 
 
Stratigraphic Assignment Floyd Shale (Mississippian). 
 
Sample Description & Comments Sample is from west Rome just S. of the Central of 
Ga. RR., near Battey State Hospital. The shale is black, and ranges from hard and tough to sof t and flaky. This deposit has been extensively worked for brick shale but large tonnages still rema i n. (From an interim report on tests from N. C. Research Lab via H. S. Rankin, TVA, 10-22-46). (Also see Fl. 31S-6.) 
 
Compiled by B. J. O'Connor 
 
Date 11-29-82 
 
-107- 
 
 CERAMIC TESTS AND ANALYSES 
 
Material __C~l~a~y~(_s_a_n_d~y__k_a_o_l_i_n~)M. ____________ Compilation Map Location No. Fl.48-l 
 
County 
 
Floyd, 
 
Raw Properties: 
 
Sample Number - - - - - - - - 
Lab & No. USBM, Norris, TN; # Ga. 40. 
 
Date Reported 7-21-48. 
 
Ceramist K. G. Skinner, USBM. 
 
--~~~~---- 
 
- - - - - - Water of Plasticity 
 
% Working Properties 
 
--------------- Color White (?). 
 
Drying Shrinkage - - - - - - -% Dry Strength 
 
Slow Firing Tests: 
 
Temp. OF 
( oc) 
2372 ( 1300) 
 
Color White 
 
Hardness 
 
Linear 
 
Absorption Appr. Por. Other 
 
Shrinkage, % 
 
% 
 
% 
 
data: 
 
6.5 
 
7.0 
 
Remarks / Other Tests Washing the unfired clay removed 31.3% white silica sand which, if the iron content is low enough and the 10% fines of -200 mesh are not ob'ectionable, mi ht be used in lass chemical or cerami c industr. Washin and or screening the clay to remove the sand would probably reduce the fired absorption. The clay might then be used in mak ing whiteware, refractories, or paper filler. 
Preliminary Bloating (Quick Firing) Tests: Not determined. 
 
-108- 
 
 locn. no. Fl.48-l , cont. 
 
Crushing Characteristics (unfired material) 
 
Particle Size ------------ Retention Time -------------- 
Chemical & Mineralogical Data: 
 
Chemical Analysis: Not determined. 
 
Oxide 
 
Weight % 
 
Si02 
 
Ti02 
Al 2o3 
Fez03 
 
FeO 
 
MnO 
 
MgO 
 
CaO 
Na 2o 
K20 
PzOs 
s c 
Hco2o2 - 
H2o+ 
 
(total) (org.) 
 
Ignition 
 
loss 
 
Total 
 
Mineralogy (partial): 
 
Mineral 
 
volume % 
 
Quartz (sand) 
 
31.3 
 
Feldspar 
 
Carbonate 
 
Mica 
 
Chlorite- 
 
vermiculite 
 
Montmorillonite 
 
Others 
 
(largely kaolinite) 68.7 
 
Total 
 
100.00 
 
Analyst 
 
K. G. Skinner, USBM. 
 
Date 
 
7-21-48 
 
Method 
 
Washing to remove sand. 
 
Sample Location Data: 
 
County Floyd. 
 
Land Lot 
 
Sec. 
 
Dist. 
 
7 1/2' topo quad. --U-n-k-n-o-w--n-. --------------. Lat. 
 
Field No. 
 
Collected by W. M. Brown. 
 
Long. Date c.July 1948. 
 
Sample Method Grab (?). Structural Attitude 
 
Weathering/alteration -------------- 
 
Stratigraphic Assignment __T_e_r_t_i_a_r~y~(~?_. ~) -------------------------------------- 
Sample Description & Comments Sample of sandy kaolin submit ted by Mr. W. M. Brown, Rt. 1, Rome , Ga. (Exact location and nature o f sample not known-unpubl. data from Geol. Survey files). 
 
Compiled by ---B-.--J-.--O--'C-o-n--n-o-r----------- Date 8-12-86 
 
-109- 
 
 CERAMIC TESTS AND ANALYSES 
 
Material Cla . 
 
Compilation Map Location No. Fl.48-2 
 
--~------------------------------- 
 
County 
 
Floyd. 
--~-------------------- 
 
Sample Number -G-a-.--1-6--------- 
 
Raw Properties: 
 
Lab & No. TVA. #534 - 1 to 5. 
 
Date Reported ---1-0---2-5---4-8-.-------- Ceramist M. K. Banks., TVA. 
Water of Plasticity ----------% Working Properties 
Color ------------- Drying Shrinkage - - - - -% Dry Strength 
 
Slow Firing Tests: 
 
Color 
 
Hardness 
 
Linear 
 
Absorption Appr. Por. Other 
 
Shrinkage, % 
 
% 
 
% 
 
data: 
 
Preliminary Bloating (Quick Firing) Tests: Negative. 
 
Temp. 
 
Absorption Bulk Density 
 
Remarks 
 
OF 
 
% 
 
2000 (1093) 
 
No change - all samples (1 to 5). 
 
2200 (1204) 
 
Began to vitrify - samples 1 and 5. No change - samples 2 to 4. 
 
2400 (1316) 
 
Began to vitrify- all samples. 
 
Remarks Samples do not appear to be suitable for lightweight aggregate manufacture. 
 
-110- 
 
 locn. no. Fl.48-2 , cont. 
 
Crushing Characteristics (unfired material) 
 
Particle Size 
 
Retention Time - - -- - - - 
 
Chemical & Mineralogical Data: 
 
Chemical Analysis (Ignition loss only). 
 
Oxide 
 
Weight % 
 
SiOz 
 
TiOz 
 
Al Fe 
 
22oo33 
 
FeO 
 
MnO 
 
MgO 
 
CaO 
Na 2o 
 
KzO 
 
PzOs 
s 
 
c 
 
(total) (org.) 
 
COz 
H2 o- 
H2o+ Ignition 
loss 
Total 
 
12.0 (#1) 
10.0 Uf2) 
7. o UF3 and 1F4) 
8.0 UFS) 
 
Mineralogy: Not determined. 
 
Mineral 
 
volume % 
 
Quartz Feldspar Carbonate Mica Chlorite- 
vermiculite Montmorillonite 
Others 
 
Total 
 
Analyst M. K. Banks, TVA. 
 
Date 10-25-48. 
 
Method --------------- 
Sample Location Data: 
 
County Floyd. 
 
Land Lot 
 
Sec. 
 
Dist. 
 
7 1/2' topo quad. Livingston (?) 
 
. Lat. 
 
Long. 
 
Field No. Sample Method Grab (?). Structural Attitude 
 
Collected by W. P. Davis (?). Date 1948. 
Weathering/alteration --------- 
 
Stratigraphic Assignment Unknown. 
Sample Description & Comments Clay sample from Mr. W. P. Davis of RFD#2, Cave 
Spring. (Exact location and nature of sample not known, but it may correspond to the Dav i s bauxite mi ne 3 mi les NW. of Cave Spring- see White, and others, 1966, Plate 3). 
 
Compiled by ---B.-J-. -O-'C-o-nn-or------ Date ---8--1-2--8-6 ------ 
-111- 
 
 CERAMIC TESTS AND ANALYSES 
 
Material Shale, soft (Floyd). 
 
Compilation Map Location No. Fl.57-1 
 
County Floyd. 
 
Sample Number __1_. _ __ __ 
 
Raw Properties: 
 
Lab & No. USBM, Norris, TN.; No. 858-A. 
 
Date Reported 10-21-57. 
 
Ceramist H. P. Hamlin, USBM. 
 
--~~~~---- 
 
Water of Plasticity 
 
30 %Working Properties Fairly plastic and smooth- 
 
working. Extrusion Characteristics: Fair. pH = 8.50. Solu-Br. = 2.60. 
 
Color Light red. Drying Shrinkage 
 
5 % Dry Strength Good. 
 
Remarks No drying defects. 
 
Slow Firing Tests: 
 
Temp. OF 
(oC) 
 
Color 
 
1800 Buff ( 982) 
 
Hardness 
 
Linear 
 
Absorption 
 
(Mohs' )* Shrinkage, % 
 
% 
 
So f t, 
 
5.5 
 
17.2 
 
crumbly (2) 
 
Appr. Por. % 
 
Other 
data: 
App. 
s . Gr. 
2.66 
 
2000 Buff (1093) 
 
Fair 
 
7.5 
 
Hard ( 3) 
 
13.4 
 
2.64 
 
2100 Light buff- Very 
 
11.0 
 
4.5 
 
(1149) red 
 
hard (5) 
 
2.52 
 
2200 Red-brown Steel 
 
13.5 
 
1.3 
 
2.47 
 
(1204) 
 
hard ( 6) 
 
2300 Gray-brown Steel 
 
13.5 
 
0.7 
 
2.33 
 
(1260) 
 
hard (6) 
 
2400 Gray 
 
Steel 
 
(Expanded) 
 
7.5 
 
(1316) 
 
hard ( 6) 
 
2.18 
 
Remarks I Other Tests Modulus of Rupture = 3500+ psi. This sample would probably 
be suitable for common br i ck or tile; mottled pattern rather attractive at 2100F 0149 6 C). %shrinkage is on the hi h side. Petro raphic anal sis shows 5% + calcium carbonate. Al so see F1.31S-lla and b . 
 
Preliminary Bloating (Quick Firing) Tests: Negative. 
 
*Note: Mobs hardness values are based on M.E. Tyrrell's 1967 revisions of 1964 test data sheets. 
 
-112- 
 
 locn. no. Fl.57-l , cont. 
 
Crushing Characteristics (unfired material) 
 
Particle Size -20 mesh Retention Time 15 min. draw tri a ls ( f ollowing 3-4 hr. to 1800 6 F, 982 6 C). 
Chemical & Mineralogical Data: I 
 
Chemical Analysis: Not determined. 
 
Oxide 
 
Weight % 
 
Sio 2 
ATFelio22oo233 
FeD 
 
MnO 
 
MgO 
 
GaO 
 
Na 2o 
K2 0 
 
P2o5 
 
s 
 
(total) 
 
c 
 
(org.) 
 
HC02o2 - 
H2o+ 
 
Ignition 
 
loss 
 
Total 
 
Mineralogy Mineral 
 
volume % 
 
Quartz Feldspar Carbonate Mica ("Hydrous") Chlorite- 
vermiculite Montmorillonite 
Others "Kaolin" "Iron" 
Total 
 
X 
5+ 
X 
X 
3 to 7 
 
X= present 1n unspecified amounts. 
 
Analyst 
 
H. P. Hamlin, USBM 
 
Date ------- 
Method 
 
10-21-57. X-ray and pe tr og raphic analysis. 
 
Sample Location Data: 
 
County Floyd. 
 
Land Lot ---- Sec. 
 
7 1/2' topo quad. Rock Mountain (cntr.). Lat. 
 
Dist. Long. 
 
Field No. -~1~-------- ' Collected by Ray & Furcron. 
 
Date August 1957. 
 
Sample Method Grab (?). 
 
Weathering/alteration -------- 
 
Structural Attitude - - ------------------ --------- 
 
Stratigraphic Assignment Floyd Shale (Mississippian). 
 
p-. 94) a-s part of the "T. A. Long property" (see Fl. 31S-lla and b). 
 
Compiled by B. J. O'Connor 
 
Date 8-12-86 
 
--1 1 3 - 
 
 CERAMIC TESTS AND ANALYSES 
 
Material Shale, soft (Conasauga). 
 
Compilation Map Location No. Fl.57-2 
 
County Floyd. 
 
Sample Number _....;2.....;______ 
 
Raw Properties: 
 
Lab & No. USBM; Norri~, TN.; No. 858-B. 
 
Date Reported 10-21-57. 
 
Ceramist H. P. Hamlin, USBM. 
 
Water of Plasticity 
 
30 %Working Properties Short working, not plastic. 
 
Extrusion Characteristics: Fair. pH = 6.60. Solu-Br. = 4.90. 
 
Color Red-brown. Drying Shrinkage 
 
5 % Dry Strength Average. 
 
Remarks No drying defects. 
 
Slow Firing Tests: 
 
Temp. OF 
(oC) 
 
Color 
 
1800 Med i um ( 982) buff 
 
Hardness 
 
Linear 
 
Absorption 
 
(Mobs')* Shrinkage, % 
 
% 
 
So f t, 
 
6 .5 
 
crumbly (2) 
 
23 . 1 
 
Appr. Por. % 
 
Other data: App. Sp. Gr. 
2.74 
 
2000 Medium 
 
Soft, 
 
6.5 
 
19.4 
 
2. 70 
 
(1093) buff 
 
crumbly ( 2) 
 
2100 Light red Fair 
 
10.0 
 
14.2 
 
2.66 
 
(1149) 
 
hard ( 3) 
 
2200 Red-brown Hard (4) 
 
10.0 
 
12.7 
 
2.65 
 
(1204) 
 
2300 Brown 
 
Hard (4) 
 
11.0 
 
8.5 
 
(1260) 
 
2.56 
 
2400 Dark 
 
Very 
 
11.0 
 
3.3 
 
(1316) brown 
 
hard (5) 
 
2.58 
 
Remarks I Other Tests Modulus of Rupture: 2500 si. The commercial 
possibilities for brick and t i le are fair; the solubl e salt content is high as shown by the scumming ). Maturing temperature fo r br i ck is around 2300F (1260oC) and the color at that temperature is poor. 
 
Preliminary Bloating (Quick Firing) Tests: Negative. 
 
*Note: Mohs hardness values are based on M.E. Tyrrell's 1967 revisions of 1964 test data sheets. 
 
-114- 
 
 locn. no. Fl.57-2 ~ cont. 
 
Crushing Characteristics (unfired material) 
 
Particle Size -20 lfl(~Ah. Retenl i.on TimL' 15 nlln. draw LrialH (foLLnwing 'l-l hr. to 1800 F, 982C). 
Chemical & Mineralogical Data: 
 
Chemical Analysis: Not determined. 
 
Oxide 
 
We i ght % 
 
SiOz 
 
TiOz 
 
Al203 
Fe 2o3 
FeO 
 
MnO 
 
MgO 
 
CaO 
Na 2o 
K20 
 
P2o5 
 
s 
 
(total) 
 
c 
 
(org.) 
 
COz 
H2o- 
H2o+ 
 
Ignition 
 
loss 
 
Total 
 
Mineralogy Mineral 
 
volume % 
 
Quartz Feldspar Carbonate Mica ("Hydrous'!) Chlorite- 
vermiculite Montmorillonite 
Others "Kaolin" "Iron" 
Total 
 
X X 
X 
3 to 7 
 
X= present 1n unspecified amounts. 
 
Analyst -------------------------- 
Date ------- 
Method ---------------- 
Sample Location Data: 
 
H. P. Hamlin , USBM. 10-21-57. X-ray and petrographic analysis. 
 
County Floyd. 
 
Land Lot 
 
Sec. 
 
Dist. 
 
7 l/2' topo quad. Livingston (NW. 1/4) . Lat. 
 
Long. 
 
Field No. ~2~--------------- ' Collected by ~nd Furcron. Date August 1957. 
 
Sample Method - -Gr-ab-(-?)-. -- 
 
Weathering/alteration --------- 
 
Structural Attitude ------------------------------------ 
 
Stratigraphic Assignment Conasauga Group (Cambrian). 
 
Sample Description & Comments Sample of Conasauga shale from a large roadcut on 
Ga. Hw . 100 (Foster's Mill Rd.). The cut is about 800 f t. long and range s from 10 
to 25 ft. high N. to S. on th e Jack Roge rs prope rty about l mi l e S . of the Coosa River (Furcron, 1958, p. 6 2 No. 33 and D. Ray , unp ub l . notes, Aug. 1957, Ga. Geol. Survey files). 
 
---- - ----------------- Compiled by B. J. O'Connor 
 
Date 3-.14-86 
-~~~~--------- 
 
-115- 
 
 CERAMIC TESTS AND ANALYSES 
 
Material Shale, soft (Conasauga). 
 
Compilation Map Location No. Fl.57-3 
 
--------------- County Floyd. 
 
Sample Number 3. 
 
----~-------------------- 
 
Raw Properties: 
 
Lab & No. USBM; Norris, TN.; No. 858-C. 
 
Date Reported 10-21-57. 
 
Ceramist H. P. Hamlin, USBM. 
 
Water of Plasticity 
 
19 %Working Properties Short -working, not too plastic. 
 
Extrusion Characteristics: Poor. pH = 5.7. Solu-Br. = 0.54. 
 
Color Light red. Drying Shrinkage 
 
5 % Dry Strength Good. 
 
Remarks No dry ing defects. 
 
Slow Firing Tests: 
 
Temp. OF 
(oC) 
 
Color 
 
1800 Medium ( 982) buff 
 
Hardness 
 
Linear 
 
Absorption 
 
(Mobs')* Shrinkage, % 
 
% 
 
Soft, 
 
5.0 
 
crumbly (2) 
 
14.6 
 
Appr. Por. % 
 
Other data: App. Sp. Gr. 
2. 72 
 
2000 Orange- Fair 
 
5. 5 
 
(1093) red 
 
hard (3) 
 
11.6 
 
2.67 
 
2100 Red 
 
Hard (4) 
 
8.5 
 
6.6 
 
(1149) 
 
2.63 
 
2200 Red-brown Hard (4) 
 
9.0 
 
5.5 
 
0204) 
 
2.59 
 
2300 Dark 
 
Very 
 
7.5 
 
3.6 
 
(1260) brown 
 
hard (5) 
 
2.42 
 
2400 Dark 
 
(slight 
 
(5.5) 
 
8.4 
 
(1316) brown 
 
bloating) 
 
2.25 
 
Remarks / Other Tests Modulus of Rup ture = 2800 psi. Commercial possibilities 
for brick and tile are rather poor ; mi ght make a very common brick at 2100 - 2150F ( 1149-ll77 C). 
 
Preliminary Bloating (Quick Firing) Tests: _N~e~g~a_t_i_v~e~---------- 
 
*Note: Mobs hardness values are based on M.E.Tyrrell's 1967 revisions of 1964 test data sheets. 
 
-116- 
 
 locn. no. Fl.57-3 , cont. 
 
Crushing Characteristics (unfired material) 
 
Particle Size -20 mesh. Retention Time 15 min. draw trials (following 3-4 h.r. to 1800 8 F, 982 8 C). 
Chemical & Mineralogical Data: 
 
Chemical Analysis: Not determined. 
 
Oxide 
 
Weight % 
 
Si02 
 
Ti02 
 
Al203 
 
Fe203 FeO 
 
MnO 
 
MgO 
 
CaO 
 
Na20 
 
K20 
 
P2o5 
s c 
 
(total) (org.) 
 
C02 
H2o- 
H2o+ 
 
Ignition 
 
loss 
 
Total 
 
Mineralogy Mineral 
 
volume % 
 
Quartz . Feldspar Carbonate Mica ("Hydrous") Chlorite- 
vermiculite Montmorillonite 
Others "Kaolin" "Iron" 
Total 
 
X X 
X 3 to 7 
 
X= present in unspecified amounts. 
 
Analyst 
 
H. P. Hamlin, USBM. 
 
Date 
 
10-21-57. 
 
Method 
 
X-ray and petrographic analysis. 
 
Sample Location Data: 
 
County Floyd. 
 
Land Lot 
 
Sec. 
 
Dist. 
 
7 1/2 1 topo quad. Livingston (E. center) Lat. 
 
Long. 
 
Field No. 3 
 
, Collected by Ray and Furcron 
 
--~------------- 
 
Sample Method Grab (?). 
 
Weathering/alteration 
 
Date August 1957. 
 
Structural Attitude --------------------------------------------------------- 
Stratigraphic Assignment Conasauga Group (Cambrian). 
 
Sample Description & Comments Sample of Conasauga shale from roadcut on Ga. 
H . 100 (Foster's Mill Rd.) between Coosa and CaveS ring, about 1.2 miles S. of Livingston D. Ray, unpubl. notes, Aug. 1957, Ga. Geol. Survey files). 
 
Compiled by B. J. 0 1 Connor 
 
Date ---3---1-0---8-6----------- 
 
-117- 
 
 CERAMIC TESTS ANO ANALYSES 
 
Material Shale, soft (Conasauga). 
 
Compilation Map Location No. Fl.57-4 
 
County Floyd. Raw Properties: 
 
Sample Number --4-.------------- 
Lab & No. USBM; Norris, TN.; No. 858-D. 
 
Date Reported ---1-0---2-1---5-7-.-------- Ceramist H. P. Hamlin, USBM. 
 
Water of Plasticity 
 
10 % Working Properties Short-working, not plastic. 
 
Extrusion Characteristics: Not determined. pH = 7.20. Solu-Br. - 1.61. 
 
Color Light red. Drying Shrinkage 5 % Dry Strength Very low. 
 
Remarks 
 
Slow Firing Tests: 
 
Color 
 
Hardness 
 
Linear 
 
Absorption Appr. Por. 
 
(Mohs' )* Shrinkage, % 
 
% 
 
% 
 
1800 (Disintegrated in water) (982) 
 
2000 (Disintegrated 1n water) ( 1093) 
 
2100 Brown (1149) 
 
Hard (4) 
 
2.5 (Expanded) 
 
15.4 
 
2200 Brown (1204) 
 
Steel hard (6) 
 
2.5 (Expanded) 
 
11.7 
 
2300 Melted (1260) 
 
Remarks / Other Tests No commercial possibilities for brick or tile. Petrographic analysis shows 10% calcium carbonate. 
 
Preliminary Bloating (Quick Firing) Tests: Negative. 
 
Other data: App. Sp. Gr. 
2.59 2.45 
 
*Note: Mohs hardness values are based on M.E. Tyrrell's 1967 revisions of 1964 test data sheets. 
 
-118- 
 
 locn. no. Fl.57-4 , cont. 
 
Crushing Characteristics (unfired material) 
 
Particle Size -20 mesh. Retention Time 15 min. draw trials (following 3-4 hr. to 1800F, 982C). 
Chemical & Mineralogical Data: 
 
Chemical Analysis: Not determined. 
 
Oxide 
 
Weight % 
 
Si02 
 
Ti02 
Al 2o3 
Fe203 
FeO 
 
MnO 
 
MgO 
 
CaO 
Na 2o 
K20 P2o5 
s c 
 
(total) (org.) 
 
HC02o2 - 
H2o+ 
 
Ignition 
 
loss 
 
Total 
 
Mineralogy Mineral 
 
volume % 
 
Quartz Feldspar Carbonate Mica ("Hydrous") Chlorite- 
vermiculite Montmorillonite 
Others "Kaolin" "Iron" 
Total 
 
X 
10 
X 
X 
3 to 7 
 
X = present 1n unspecified amounts. 
 
Analyst 
 
H. P. Hamlin , USBM. 
 
Date ------- 
Method 
 
10-21-57. X-ray and petrographic analysis. 
 
Sample Location Data: 
 
County Floyd. 
 
Land Lot 
 
Sec. 
 
Dist. 
 
7 1/2' topo quad. Livingston (SW. 1/4) . Lat. 
 
Long. 
 
Field No. - - - 4- - - - - - - -, Collected by Ray and Furcron. Date August 1957. 
 
Sample Method Grab (?). 
 
Weathering/alteration -------- 
 
Structural Attitude ------------------------------------------------- 
 
Stratigraphic Assignment Conasauga Group (Cambrian). 
 
Sample Description & Comments Sample of Conasauga shale from roadcut on Ga. Hwy. 
100 (Foster's Mill Rd.) about 1/2 mile N. of Cedar Creek Church and 1/4 mile N. of McGee Bend Rd. (D. Ray , unpubl. notes, Aug . 19 57, Ga. Geol. Survey fi les). 
 
Compiled by B. J. O'Connor 
 
Dat e 3-10-86 
 
-119- 
 
 CERAMIC TESTS AND ANALYSES 
 
Material Shale, sandy, very hard 
 
(Rome Fm.?) 
 
County 
 
Floyd. 
----~------------------- 
 
Raw Properties: 
 
Lab & No. 
 
Compilation Map Location No. Fl.57-5 
Sample Number ---5-.------------ 
USBM; Norris, TN.; No. 858-E. 
 
Date Reported 10-21-57. 
 
Ceramist H. P. Hamlin, USBM. 
 
Water of Plasticity 
 
19 % Working Properties Short-working, not plastic. 
 
Extrusion Characteristics: Not determined. pH = 8.21. Solu-Br.= 2.40. 
 
- - - - - Color Dark gray. Drying Shrinkage 1.5 
 
% Dry Strength Very low. 
 
Slow Firing Tests: 
 
Color 
 
Hardness 
 
Linear 
 
Absorption 
 
Shrinkage, % 
 
% 
 
1800 (Disintegrated Ln water) ( 982) 
 
Appr. Por. % 
 
Other data: App. Sp. Gr. 
 
2000 (Disintegrated tn water) (1093) 
 
2100 (Disintegrated Ln water) (1149) 
 
2200 (Disintegrated Ln water) (1204) 
 
2300 Glazed, melted and (1260) expanded 
 
Remarks I Other Tests No commercial possibilities for brick or tile. Petro- 
graphic analysis shows high calcium carbonate content. 
 
Preliminary Bloating (Quick Firing) Tests: Negative. 
 
-120- 
 
 loco. no. Fl.57-5 , cont. 
 
Crushing Characteristics (unfired material) 
 
Particle Size -20 mesh. Retention Time 15 m1n. draw trials (following 3-4 hr. to 1800F, 982C). 
Chemical & Mineralogical Data: 
 
Chemical Analysis: Not determined. 
 
Oxide 
 
Weight % 
 
Si02 
 
Ti02 
 
Al203 
 
Fe 203 FeO 
 
MnO 
 
MgO 
 
CaO 
 
Na20 
 
K20 
 
P2o5 
s c 
 
(total) (org.) 
 
HC202o- 
H2o+ 
 
Ignition 
 
loss 
 
Total 
 
Mineralogy Mineral 
 
volume % 
 
Quartz Feldspar Carbonate Mica ("Hydrous") Chlorite- 
vermiculite Montmorillonite 
Others "Kaolin" 11 Iron 11 
Total 
 
X 
11 H i g h 11 
X 
X 
3 to 7 
 
X= present 10 unspecified amounts. 
 
Analyst --------------------------Date ------------ 
Method -------------------------- 
Sample Location Data: 
 
H. P. Hamlin, USBM. 10-21-57. X-ray and petrographic analysis. 
 
- - - - County ___F-=l-=oy..d;....;.______ Land Lot 
 
Sec. 
 
4 
 
7 1/2' topo quad. Livingston (SE. base) . Lat. 
 
Dist. Long. 
 
Field No. __5_________, Collected by Ray and Furcron Date August 1957. 
 
Sample Method Grab (?). 
 
Weathering/alteration ------------ 
 
Structural Attitude ------------------------------------------------ 
 
Stratigraphic Assignment Rome Formation(?) (Cambrian). 
 
Ray, unpubl. notes, Aug. 1957, Ga. Geol. Survey 
 
Compiled by B. J. O'Connor 
 
Date 8-12-86 
 
-----------~~---------- 
 
--~~~~--------- 
 
-121- 
 
 CERAMIC TESTS AND ANALYSES 
 
Material Shale , soft. 
 
Compilation Map Location No. Fl. 57-6 
 
County Floyd . 
 
Sample Number 
 
6. 
 
Raw Properties: 
 
Lab & No. USBM; Norris, TN.; No. 858-F 
 
Date Reported 10-21-57. 
 
Ceramist H. P. Hamlin, USBM. 
 
Water of Plasticity 
 
22 % Working Properties ~S~h~o~r~t~-~w~o~r~k~i~n~g~,~n~o~t-Lp~l~a~s~t~i~c~-- 
 
Extrusion Characteristics: Not determined. pH = 5.70. Solu-Br. - 0.82. 
 
Color Red-brown. Drying Shrinkage ----~2~~5__% Dry Strength Very low. 
 
Slow Firing Tests: 
 
Temp. OF 
("c) 
 
Color 
 
1800 Buff (982) 
 
Hardness 
 
Linear 
 
Absorption 
 
(Mohs' )* Shrinkage, % 
 
% 
 
Soft, 
 
4. 0 
 
crumbly (2) 
 
21.1 
 
Appr. Por. % 
 
Other data: App. Sp. Gr. 2.67 
 
2000 Buff (1093) 
2100 Buff (1149) 
 
Soft, 
 
4.5 
 
crumbly (2) 
 
Soft, 
 
4. 5 
 
crumbly (2) 
 
2200 Red (1204) 
 
Fair 
 
7.5 
 
hard (3) 
 
2300 Red-brown Hard (4) 
 
9.0 
 
(1260) 
 
26.1 17.8 15.5 11.2 
 
2.69 2.67 2.64 2.59 
 
2400 Gray-brown Very 
 
10.0 
 
7.3 
 
(1316) 
 
hard (5) 
 
2.54 
 
Remarks I Other Tests No commercial possibilities for brick or tile. 
 
Preliminary Bloating (Quick Firing) Tests: Negative. 
 
*Note: Mohs hardness values are based on M.E. Tyrrell's 1967 revisions of 1964 test data sheets. 
 
-122- 
 
 locn. no. Fl.57-6 , cont. 
 
Crushing Characteristics (unfired material) 
 
Particle Size -20 mesh. Retention Time 15 min. draw trials (following 3-4 hr. to 1800 6 F , 982 6 C). 
Chemical & Mineralogical Data: 
 
Chemical Analysis : Not determined. 
 
Oxide 
 
Weight % 
 
SiOz 
 
ATli02o23 
Fez03 
FeO 
 
MnO 
 
MgO 
 
CaO 
Na 2o 
KzO 
 
Pz05 
 
s 
 
(total) 
 
c 
 
(org.) 
 
co., 
 
'- 
H2o- 
 
H2o+ 
 
Ignition 
 
loss 
 
Total 
 
Mineralogy Mineral 
 
volume % 
 
Quartz Feldspar Carbonate Mica ("Hydrous") Chlorite- 
vermiculite Montmorillonite 
Others "Kaolin" "Iron" 
Total 
 
X X 
X 
3 to 7 
 
X= present 1n unspecified amounts. 
 
Analyst 
 
H. P. Hamlin, USBM. 
 
Date 
 
10-21-57. 
 
Method 
 
X-ray and petr og raphic analysis. 
 
Sample Location Data: 
 
County Floyd. 
 
Land Lot - - - - Sec. 
 
7 1/2' topo quad. Rome North (NW. 1/4)  Lat. 
 
Dist. Long. 
 
Field No. ~6_________________ , Collected by Ray and Furcron. Date August 1957. 
 
Sample Method Grab (?). 
 
Weathering/alteration --------------- 
 
Structural Attitude --------------------------------------------------------- 
Stratigraphic Assignment (Mississippian Floyd Shale , or Hartselle Sandstone Member or Bangor Limestone?) 
 
Rd., about 4.5 miles W. notes, Au . 1957 , Ga. 
 
Campi 1ed by __..B;......;._;J...;.._;O._'..C;;..o;;..n;.;.n;;;;.o::..;;r_____ Date ----8---1-2---8-6---------- 
-123- 
 
 CERAMIC TESTS AND ANALYSES 
 
Material Shale , soft. 
 
Compilation Map Location No. Fl.57-7 
 
County Floyd. 
 
Sample Number 
 
7. 
 
Raw Properties: 
 
Lab & No. USBM , Norris, TN. ; No. 858-G. 
 
Date Reported 10-21-57. 
 
Ceramist H. P. Hamlin, USBM. 
 
Water of Plasticity 
 
19 % Working Properties Short-working, sandy, not 
 
---:,..-----::::;___ 
 
plastic. Extrusion Char.: Not determined. pH= 5.70. Solu-Br. - 0.40. 
 
Color Red-brown. Drying Shrinkage 
 
1.0 % Dry Strength Very low. 
 
---~...;:.._ 
 
Remarks No drying defects. 
 
Slow Firing Tests: 
 
Temp. OF 
Cc) 
 
Color 
 
Hardness 
 
Linear 
 
Absorption 
 
(Mohs' )* Shrinkage, % 
 
% 
 
1800 Light buff Soft, 
 
1. 0 
 
(982) 
 
crumbly (2) 
 
18.7 
 
Appr. Por. % 
 
Other data: App. S . Gr 2.65 
 
2000 Light buff Soft, 
 
2.0 
 
(1093) 
 
crumbly (2) 
 
19.2 
 
2.63 
 
2100 Orange( 1149) buff 
 
Soft, 
 
2.0 
 
crumbly (2) 
 
18.7 
 
2.54 
 
2200 Brown-red Hard (4) 
 
6.0 
 
(1204) 
 
17.1 
 
2.59 
 
2300 Dark brown Very 
 
6.0 
 
(1260) 
 
hard (5) 
 
13.2 
 
2.55 
 
2400 Dark brown Very 
 
6.0 
 
(1316) 
 
hard (5) 
 
10.1 
 
2.52 
 
Remarks / Other Tests Commercial possibilities for brick and ti;Le are fair. 
 
Preliminary Bloating (Quick Firing) Tests: Negative. 
 
*Note: Mohs hardness values are based on M.E. Tyrrell's 1967 revisions of 1964 test data sheets. 
 
-124- 
 
 loco. no. Fl.57-7 , cont. 
 
Crushing Characteristics (unfired material) 
 
Particle Size -20 mesh. Retention Time 15 min. draw trials (followi ng 3-4 hr. to 1800 6 F, 982 6 C). 
Chemical & Mineralogical Data: 
 
Chemical Analysis: Not determined. 
 
Oxide 
 
Weight % 
 
Sio 2 
TAFeli 022oo2 33 
FeO 
 
MnO 
 
MgO 
 
CaO 
Na 2o 
K2 0 
 
P2o5 
s c 
 
(total) (org.) 
 
HC02o2 - 
H2o+ 
 
Ignition 
 
loss 
 
Total 
 
Mineralogy Mineral 
 
volume % 
 
Quartz Feldspar Carbonate Mica ("Hydrous") Chlorite- 
vermiculite Montmorillonite 
Others "Kaolin" "Iron" 
Total 
 
X X 
X 
3 to 7 
 
X= present 10 unspecified amounts. 
 
Analyst --------------------------- 
Date - ----------- 
Method --------------------------- 
Sample Location Data: 
 
H. P. Hamlin, USBM. 10-21-57. x-ray and petrographic analysis. 
 
County Floyd. 
 
Land Lot ----- Sec. 
 
7 1/2' topo quad. Rock Mountain (NE. 1/4). Lat. 
 
Dist. Long. 
 
Field No. ______7______________, Collected by Ray and Furcron. Date August 1957. 
 
Sample Method Grab (?). 
 
Weathering/alteration --------------- 
 
Structural Attitude --------------------------------------------------------- 
 
Sample Description & Comments Sample from the Mrs. C. W. Boggs pr ope rty along Sand S rings Rd., about 2.1 miles W. of Fl. S7-6 and about 1.8 mites E. of Sand Sprin s Church Furcron, 1958, p. 6- 7, No. 36). 
Compiled by ---B-.--J-.--O--'C-o--n-n-o-r----------- Date 8-12-86 
-125- 
 
 CERAMIC TESTS AND ANALYSES 
 
Material Shale, soft (Floyd). 
 
Compilation Map Location No. Fl.57-8 
 
Gounty Floyd. Raw Properties: 
 
Sample Number ---8-.----------- 
Lab & No. USBM, Norris, TN.; No. 858-H. 
 
Date Reported 10-21-57. 
 
Ceramist H. P. Hamlin, USBM. 
 
Water of Plasticity 
 
22 %Working Properties Short-working, not plastic. 
 
Extrusion Characteristics: Poor. pH= 6.05. Solu-Br. = 0.52. 
 
Color Dark brown. Drying Shrinkage 
 
2.5 % Dry Strength Very low. 
 
Remarks No drying defects. 
 
Slow Firing Tests: 
 
Temp. OF 
(oC) 
 
Color 
 
Hardness 
 
Linear 
 
Absorption 
 
(Mohs' )* Shrinkage, % 
 
% 
 
1800 Light bu f So f t, 
 
3. 0 
 
(982) 
 
crumbly (2) 
 
19. 5 
 
Appr. Por. % 
 
Other 
data: App. Sp. Gr. 2.67 
 
2000 Light buff Fair hard (3) 4.5 ( 109 3) 
 
14.7 
 
2.37 
 
2100 Buff 
 
Hard (4) 
 
4.5 
 
13.1 
 
2.57 
 
(1149) 
 
2200 Red-brown Very 
 
8.0 
 
7.8 
 
2.41 
 
(1204) 
 
hard (5) 
 
2300 Gray-brown Very 
 
1.0 
 
13.0 
 
1. 78 
 
(1260) 
 
hard (5) 
 
2400 Gray-brown Very 
 
(1316) 
 
hard (5) 
 
(Expanded) 
 
11.0 
 
1. 72 
 
Remarks I Other Tests Modulus of Rupture: 2100 psi. Commercial possibilities 
for brick and tile are fair. Maturing temperature is hi gh and firin g range short ; working prope r ties are very poor . Petrograph i c ana ly si s shows 4% + calcium carbonate. 
 
Preliminary Bloating (Quick Firing) tests: Negative. 
 
*Note: Mohs hardness values are based on M.E. Tyrrell's 1967 revisions of 1964 test data sheets. 
 
-126- 
 
 loco. no. Fl.57-8 , cont. 
 
Crushing Characteristics (unfired material) 
 
Particle Size -20 mesh. Retention Time 15 m1n. draw trials (following 3-4 hr. to 1800F, 982aC). 
Chemical & Mineralogical Data: 
 
Chemical Analysis: Not determined. 
 
Oxide 
 
Weight % 
 
Sio 2 
ATFeli 022oo2 33 
FeO 
 
MoO 
 
MgO 
 
CaO 
Na 2o 
K2 0 
P2o5 
s 
 
(total) 
 
c 
 
(org.) 
 
HC02o2 - 
H2o+ 
 
Ignition 
 
loss 
 
Total 
 
Analyst 
 
Mineralogy Mineral 
 
volume % 
 
Quartz Feldspar Carbonate Mica ("Hydrous") Chlorite- 
vermiculite Montmorillonite 
Others "Kaolin" "Iron" 
Total 
 
X 
4+ 
X 
X 
3 to 7 
 
X= present 10 unspecified amounts. 
 
H. P. Hamlin, USBM. 
 
Date - - - - - -- 
Method --------------- 
Sample Location Data: 
 
10-21-57. X-ray and petrographic analysis 
 
County Floyd. 
 
Land Lot 
 
Sec. 
 
7 1/2' topo quad. Rock Mountain (NE. 1/4). Lat. 
 
Dist. Long. 
 
Field No. -~8~------------- ' Collected by Ray and Furcron Date August 1957. 
 
Sample Method Grab (?). 
 
Weathering/alteration------- - 
 
Structural Attitude --------------------------------------------- 
Stratigraphic Assignment Floyd Shale (Mississippian). 
 
Sample Description & Comments Sample from along Sand Springs Rd., about 0.7 mile W. of Fl.57-7 and about 1.1 miles E. of Sand Springs Church. The shale is very dark, almost black, unlike typical Floyd Shale in the area and resembles the Chattanoo a Shale (Furcron, 1958, p. 6, No. 35 and D. Ra , unpubl. notes, Au . 1957 Ga. Geol. .Survey fil e s . 
 
Compiled by - -B.-J-. -O-'C-on-no-r - - ------ 
 
Date 8-12-86 --~~~~----- 
 
-127- 
 
 CERAMIC TESTS AND ANALYSES 
 
Material Shale, soft (Floyd). 
 
Compilation Map Location No. Fl.57-9 
 
County Floyd. Raw Properties: 
 
Lab & No. 
 
Sample Number 
 
9. 
 
--~---- 
 
USBMj Norris, TN.; 858-I. 
 
Date Reported 10-21-57. 
 
Ceramist H. P. Hamlin, USBM. 
 
-~~~~---- 
 
Water of Plasticity 
 
22 %Workihg Ptbperties Short-working, not plastic. 
 
Extrusion Characteristics: Not determirt~d. pH = 6.05. Solu-Br. - 0.42. 
 
Color Brown. 
 
Drying Shrinkage _ _ _3_. _5__% Dry Strertgth __V_er~y~l_o_w_._ _ 
 
Remarks No drying defects. 
 
Slow Firing Tests: 
 
Temp. OF 
(oC) 
 
Color 
 
Hardness 
 
Linear 
 
Absorption 
 
(Mobs')* Shrinkage, % 
 
% 
 
1800 Light bu ff Sof t, 
 
5.0 
 
18.6 
 
( 982) 
 
crumbly (2) 
 
Appr. Par, % 
 
Other data: 
App. 
s . Gr. 
2.62 
 
2000 Light buff Soft, 
 
5.0 
 
(1093) 
 
crumbly (2) 
 
17.4 
 
2.60 
 
2100 Light buff Fair 
 
5.0 
 
13.3 
 
2.60 
 
(1149) 
 
hard ( 3) 
 
2200 Brown-gray Hard (4) 
 
5.5 
 
2.1 
 
2.23 
 
(1204) 
 
2300 Gray 
 
Very 
 
(Expanded) 
 
10.8 
 
2.04 
 
(1260) 
 
hard (5) 
 
2400 Gray 
 
Very 
 
(Expanded) 
 
8.3 
 
(1316) 
 
hard (5) 
 
1. 88 
 
Remarks I Other Tests No commercial possibilities. (Sample very similar to "J" = 
Fl.57-10.) 
 
Preliminary Bloating (Quick Firing) Tests: Negative. 
 
*Note: Mobs hardness values are based on M.E. Tyrrell's 1967 rev~s~ons of 1964 test data sheets.  
 
-128- 
 
 locn. no. Fl.57-9 , cont. 
 
Crushing Characteristics (unfired material) 
 
Particle Size -20 mesh. Retention Time 15 min. draw trials (following 3-4 hr. to 1800F, 982C). 
Chemical & Mineralogical Data: 
 
Chemical Analysis: Not determined. 
 
Oxide 
 
Weight % 
 
Si02 
 
Ti02 
 
Al203 
 
Fe203 
 
FeO 
 
MnO 
 
MgO 
 
CaO 
 
Na 20 K20 
 
P2o5 
s c 
 
(total) (org.) 
 
C02 
n2o- 
H2o+ 
 
Ignition 
 
loss 
 
Total 
 
Mineralogy Mineral 
 
volume % 
 
Quartz Feldspar Carbonate Mica ("Hydrous") Chlorite- 
vermiculite Montmorillonite 
Others "Kaolin" "Iron" 
Total 
 
X 
X 
X 
3 to 7 
 
X= present 1n unspecified amounts. 
 
Analyst 
 
H. P. Hamlin, USBM. 
 
Date 
 
10-21-57. 
 
Method 
 
X-ray and petrographic analysis. 
 
Sample Location Data: 
 
County Floyd. 
 
Land Lot 
 
Sec. 
 
Dist. 
 
7 1/2' topo quad. Rock Mountain (NW. 1/4). Lat. 
 
Long. 
 
Field No. __9___________________, Collected by Ray and Furcron Date August 1957. 
 
Sample Method Grab (?). 
 
Weathering/alteration 
 
Structural Attitude 
 
Stratigraphic Assignment Floyd Shale (Mississippian). 
Sample Description & Comments Sample of Floyd Shale from along Big Texas Valley Rd., about 2.5 miles W. of Antioch Church and about 1/2 mile E. of Fouche Gap 
Rd. (D. Ray, unpubl. notes, Aug. 1957, Ga. Geol. Survey files). 
 
Compiled by B. J. O'Connor 
 
Date 8-12-86 
 
-129- 
 
 CERAMIC TESTS AND ANALYSES 
 
Material Shale, soft (Floyd). 
 
Compilation Map Location No. Fl.57-10 
 
County Floyd. Raw Properties: 
 
Sample Number ---1-0-.---------- 
Lab & No. USBMj Norris, TN.; No. 858-J. 
 
Date Reported 10-21-57. 
 
Ceramist H. P. Hamlin, USBM. 
 
--~----~~------ 
 
Water of Plasticity 
 
24 %Working Properties Short and sandy-working. 
 
Extrusion Characte r is tic s: Not determined. pH= 5.7. Solu-Br. = 0.50. 
 
Color Brown. 
 
Drying Shrinkage 
 
3.5 % Dry Strength Very low. 
 
Remarks No dr yi ng defects. 
 
Slow Firing Tests: 
 
Temp. OF 
(oC) 
 
Color 
 
Hardness 
 
Linear 
 
Absorption 
 
(Mobs')* Shrinkage, % 
 
% 
 
1800 Li ght bu ff Soft, 
 
4 .5 
 
( 982) 
 
crumbly (2) 
 
20.3 
 
Appr. Por. % 
 
Other data: App. Sp. Gr. 2.64 
 
2000 Light buff Soft, 
 
5.5 
 
19.5 
 
2.65 
 
(1093) 
 
crumbly ( 2) 
 
2100 Light buff Fair 
 
5.5 
 
0149) 
 
hard (3) 
 
16.0 
 
2.53 
 
2200 Brown-gray Hard (4) 
 
9.0 
 
8.9 
 
(1204) 
 
2.35 
 
2300 Gray (1260) 
 
Very 
 
(Expanded) 
 
9.5 
 
hard (5) 
 
2.16 
 
2400 Gray (1316) 
 
Very hard (5) 
 
(Expanded) 
 
11.7 
 
2.03 
 
Remarks / Other Tests No comme rcial possibilities for brick or tile. (Sample 
very similar to "I" = Fl.57-9). 
 
Preliminary Bloating (Quick Firing) Tests: Negative. 
 
*Note: Mobs hardness values are based on M.E. Tyrrell's 1967 revisions of 1964 test data sheets. 
 
-130- 
 
 locn. no . Fl.57-10 , cont. 
 
Crushing Characteristics (unfired material) 
 
Particle Size -20 mesh. Retention Time 15 min. draw trials (following 3-4 hr. to 1800F, 982C). 
Chemical & Mineralogical Data: 
 
Chemical Analysis: Not determined. 
 
Oxide 
 
Wei ght % 
 
Sio 2 
TAFeli 022oo2 33 
FeO 
 
MnO 
 
MgO 
 
CaO 
Na 2o 
K20 
P205 
s c 
 
(total) (org.) 
 
HC02o2 - 
H2o+ 
 
Ignition 
 
loss 
 
Total 
 
Mineralogy Mineral 
 
volume % 
 
Quartz Feldspar Carbonate Mica ("Hydrous") Chlorite- 
vermiculite Montmorillonite 
Others "Kaolin" "Iron" 
Total 
 
X X 
X 
3 to 7 
 
X= present 1n unspecified amounts. 
 
Analyst 
 
H. P. Hamlin, USBM. 
 
Date 
 
10-21-57. 
 
Me thod 
 
X-ray and petrographic analysis. 
 
Sample Location Data: 
 
County Floyd. 
 
Land Lot 
 
Sec. 
 
Dist. 
 
7 1/2' topo quad. Rock Mountain (N. side). Lat.- - - - - -- Long. 
 
----- -------- Field No. 
 
10 
 
, Collected by Ray and Furcron Date August 1957. 
 
Sample Method Grab (?). 
 
Weathering/alteration - - -------- 
 
Structural Attitude 
 
Stratigraphic Assignment Floyd Shale (Mississippian). 
 
Sample Description & Comments Sample of Floyd Shale from along Big Texas Valley 
Rd., about 1.1 miles W. of Antioch Church and about 1.4 miles E. of Fl.57-9 (D. Ra y , unpubl. notes, Au g . 1957, Ga. Ge ol. Survey f iles) . 
 
Compiled by B. J. O'Connor 
 
Date ---3---1-0--8-6-------- 
 
-131- 
 
 CERAMIC TESTS AND ANALYSES 
 
Material Shale, soft (Floyd). 
 
Compilation Map Location No. Fl.57-11 
 
County Floyd. Raw Properties: 
 
Sample Number -1-1. - - - - - 
Lab & No. OSBM; Nor ris, TN . ; No. 858-K. 
 
Date Reported 10-21-57. 
 
Ceramist H. P. Hamlin, USBM. 
 
Water of Plasticity 
 
27 % Workin~ Properties F~irly pl~~tic and smooth- 
 
working. Extrusion Characteristics: Not determined. pH= 5.3. Solu-Br. = 0.74. 
 
Color Light red. Drying Shrinkage _____4_.~0__% Dry Strength _ L_ow_._ _ _ __ 
 
Remarks No drying defects. 
 
Slow Firing Tests: 
 
Temp. OF 
(oC) 
 
Color 
 
1800 Buff (982) 
 
Hardness 
 
Linear 
 
Absorption 
 
(Mohs' )* Shrinkage, % 
 
% 
 
Soft, 
 
5.0 
 
crumbly (2) 
 
19.0 
 
Appr. Por. % 
 
Other 
d~ta: 
App. Sp. Gr. 2.66 
 
2000 Buff 
 
Soft, 
 
5.0 
 
18.8 
 
'(1093) 
 
crumbly (2) 
 
2.68 
 
2100 Orange- 
 
Hard (4) 
 
9.5 
 
21.9 
 
2.69 
 
(1149) buff 
 
2200 Dark brown Very 
 
12.5 
 
6.1 
 
2.51 
 
(1204) 
 
hard (5) 
 
2300 Dark brown Very 
 
12.5 
 
4.6 
 
2.36 
 
(1260) 
 
hard (5) 
 
2400 Dark brown Steel 
 
(Expanded) 
 
5.7 
 
2.23 
 
(1316) 
 
hard (6) 
 
Remarks I Other Tests Commer cial pos sibilities for brick and tile are poor. 
 
Preliminary Bloating (Quick Firing) Tests: Ne gat ive. 
 
*Note: Mohs hardness values are based on M.E. Tyrrell's 1967 revisions of 1964 test data sheets. 
 
-132- 
 
 locn. no. Fl.57-ll , cont. 
 
Crushing Characteristics (unfired material) 
 
Particle Size -20 mesh. Retention Time 15 min. draw trials (following 3-4 hr. to 1800 6 F I 982 6 C). 
Chemical & Mineralogical Data: 
 
Chemical Analysis: Not determined. 
 
Oxide 
 
Weight % 
 
Sio 2 
ATFelio22oo2 33 
FeO 
 
MnO 
 
MgO 
 
CaO 
Na 2o 
K2 0 
 
P20s 
s c 
 
(total) (org.) 
 
HC20o2 - 
H20+ Ignition 
 
loss 
 
Total 
 
Mineralogy Mineral 
 
volume % 
 
Quartz Feldspar Carbonate Mica ("Hydrous") Chlorite- 
vermiculite Montmorillonite 
Others "Kaolin" "Iron" 
Total 
 
X X 
X 
3 to 7 
 
X= present 1n unspecified amounts. 
 
Analyst 
 
H. P. Hamlin, USBM. 
 
Date - - - - - - - 
Method 
 
10-21-57. X-ray and petrographic analysis. 
 
Sample Location Data: 
 
County __F_l_o..t-y_d...:.---- Land Lot 
 
Sec. 
 
Dist. 
 
7 1/2' topo quad. Rock Mountain (cntr.)  Lat. 
 
Long. 
 
Field No. --~1~1~--------~ ' Collected by Ray and Furcron. Date August 1957. 
 
Sample Method Grab (?). 
 
Weathering/alteration --------- 
 
Structural Attitude ------------------------------------------ 
 
Stratigraphic Assignment Floyd Shale (Mississippian). 
 
Sample Description & Comments Sample of Floyd Shale from and 10-12 ft. dee ) o erated b Oconee Cla 
 
to have better ceramic ualities files . 
 
Compiled by --~B~~J~~o~c~o~n_n...:.o~r_ _ _ ____ 
 
Date 8-12-86 --~~~~~-------- 
 
-133- 
 
 CERAMIC TESTS AND ANALYSES 
 
Material Shale, soft (Fl oyd). 
 
Compilation Map Location No. Fl.57-12 
 
County Floyd. 
 
Sample Numbet --~1 ~2~~______ 
 
Raw Properties: 
 
Lab & No. USBM; Norris, TN.; No. 858-L. 
 
Date Reported 10-21-57. 
 
Ceramist. H. P. Hamlin, USBM. 
 
Water of Plasticity ~--~~2~8-=% Working Properties Fairly plas tic and s mooth- 
working. Extrusion Char.: Not determined. pH= 5.9. Solu-Br. = 0.35. 
 
Color Light red. 
 
Drying 
 
Shrinkage 
 
-------5---% Dry 
 
Strength 
 
Low. 
~------------ 
 
Remarks No drying defects. 
 
Slow Firing Tests: 
 
Temp. OF 
(oC) 
1800 ( 982) 
 
Color 
Light buff 
 
Hardness 
 
Linear 
 
Absorption 
 
(Mohs 1 )* Shrinkage, % 
 
% 
 
So f t, 
 
5. 5 
 
crumbly ( 2) 
 
12 . 8 
 
Appr. Por. i. 
 
Other data: 
App. 
s Gt. 
2.60 
 
2000 
 
Light 
 
(1093) buff 
 
Soft, 
 
6.5 
 
crumbly (2) 
 
17.7 
 
2.60 
 
2100 
 
Orange- Hard (4) 
 
10.5 
 
21.0 
 
(1149) buff 
 
2.54 
 
2200 
 
Gray- 
 
Steel 
 
15.0 
 
2.6 
 
(1204) brown 
 
hard ( 6) 
 
2.44 
 
2300 
 
Gray- 
 
Steel 
 
15.0 
 
1.8 
 
(1260) brown 
 
hard ( 6) 
 
2.40 
 
2400 
 
Gray- 
 
Steel 
 
15.0 
 
1.2 
 
(1316) brown 
 
hard ( 6) 
 
2.34 
 
Remarks I Other Tests Commercial possibilities for brick and tile are poor. 
 
Preliminary Bloating (Quick Firing) Tests: Negative. 
 
*Note: Mohs hardness values are based on M.E. Tyrrell 1 s 1967 revisions o.f 1964 test data sheets. 
 
-134- 
 
 locn. no. Fl.57-12 , cont. 
 
Crushing Characteristics (unfired material) 
 
Particle Size -20 mesh. Retention Time 15 min. draw trials (following 3-4 hr. to 
 
1800 F 982 C) . 
 
' 
 
Chemical & Mineralogical Data: 
 
Chemical Analysis: Not determined. 
 
Oxide 
 
Weight % 
 
Sio 2 Ti02 
Al 2o3 
Fe 203 FeO 
 
MnO 
 
MgO 
 
CaO 
Na 2o 
K20 
P2o5 
s c 
 
(total) (org.) 
 
Hco2o2 - 
H2o+ 
 
Ignition 
 
loss 
 
Total 
 
Mineralogy Mineral 
 
volume % 
 
Quartz Feldspar Carbonate Mica ("Hydrous") Chlorite- 
vermiculite Montmorillonite 
Others "Kaolin" "Iron" 
Total 
 
X X 
X 
3 to 7 
 
X= present 1n unspecified amounts. 
 
Analyst 
 
H. P. Hamlin , USBM. 
 
Date -------- 
Method ------------------- 
Sample Location Data: 
 
10-21-57. X-ray and petrographic analysis. 
 
County Floyd. 
 
Land Lot 
 
Sec. 
 
Dist. 
 
7 l/2' topo quad. Rock Mountain (cntr.) . Lat. 
 
Long. 
 
Field No. 12 
 
, Collected by Ray and Furcron. 
 
--~~-------------- 
 
Date August 1957. 
 
Sample Method ---G-r-a-b--('-?')-.-- 
 
Weathering/alteration --------- 
 
Structural Attitude ----------------------------------------------- 
 
Stratigraphic Assignment Floyd Shale (Mississippian). 
 
Sample Description & Comments Sample of Flo yd Shale from a pit ope rated by Oconee Cl a Products Co. (about 1500 x 200- 300 f t. and 10- 20 f t. dee p) on theN. si de of th e Centra l o f Ga. RR., about 0. 3 mil e S. of Huffake r Rd . and about 3 4 m1l e SW . of Fouch e Ga Rd. intersection ( ' ust S. of Chatt ahooch ee Brick Co. pi t= Fl.57-l), about 9 miles NW. of Rome Furcron , 1958 , p . 5, No. 29 and D. Ra , un pub l . notes, Aug . 195 7 , Ga. Ge ol . Surv ey fi les . Also see Fl . 31S- l0 . 
 
----------------- Compiled by ___B~~J~~O~'C~o~n~n~o~r__________ Date 3-10-86 
-135- 
 
 CERAMIC TESTS AND ANALYSES 
 
Material Shale, soft (Floyd). 
 
Compilation Map Location No. Fl.57-13 
 
------~------~~~------------- 
 
County 
 
Floyd. 
 
Sample Number --1-3-. --------- 
 
Raw Properties: 
 
Lab & No. USBM ; Norris, TN.; No. 858-M. 
 
Date Reported 10-21-57. 
 
Ceramist H. P. Hamlin, USBM. 
 
Water of Plasticity 
 
24 % Working Properties Fairly plastic and smooth- 
 
working. Extrusion Characteristics: Good. pH= 5.7. Solu- Br . = 0.35. 
 
_____ Color Light red. Drying Shrinkage 
 
5 i. _;;..._ Dry Strength Average. 
 
Remarks No drying defects. 
 
Slow Firing Tests: 
 
Color 
 
Hardness 
 
Linear 
 
Absorption 
 
(Mobs')* Shrinkage, % 
 
% 
 
1800 
 
Bu f f 
 
( 982) 
 
So ft, 
 
4. 5 
 
crumbly (2) 
 
18.4 
 
2000 
 
Buff 
 
(1093) 
 
Soft, 
 
6.5 
 
crumbly (2) 
 
13.4 
 
2100 
 
Orange- Hard (4) 
 
9.5 
 
8.4 
 
(1149) buff 
 
2200 
 
Red 
 
Steel 
 
13.0 
 
3.6 
 
(1204) 
 
hard (6) 
 
2300 
 
Gray- 
 
Steel 
 
13.0 
 
1.3 
 
(1260) brown 
 
hard ( 6) 
 
2400 
 
Gray 
 
Steel 
 
(Expanded) 
 
2.4 
 
(1316) 
 
hard (6) 
 
Remarks I Other Tests Modulus of Rupture: 3800 
for brick and tile are fa i r. Color is good rather short. 
 
Preliminary Bloating (Quick Firing) Tests: Negative. 
 
Appr. Por. % 
 
Other data: App. Sp. Gr. 2.58 
2.57 
2.53 
2.47 
2.34 
2.05 
 
*Note: Mobs hardness values are based on M.E. Tyrrell's 1967 revisions of 1964 test data sheets. 
 
-136..,. 
 
 locn. no. Fl.57-13 , cont. 
 
Crushing Characteristics (unfired material) 
 
Particle Size -20 mesh. Retention Time 15 m1n. draw trials (following 3-4 hr. to 1800F, 982C). 
Chemical & Mineralogical Data: 
 
Chemical Analysis: Not determined. 
 
Oxide 
 
Weight % 
 
Si02 
 
Ti02 
 
Al203 
 
Fe203 FeO 
 
MnO 
 
MgO 
 
GaO 
 
Na20 
 
K20 
P2os 
s c 
 
(total) (org.) 
 
C02 
H2o- 
H2o+ 
 
Ignition 
 
loss 
 
Total 
 
Mineralogy Mineral 
 
volume % 
 
Quartz Feldspar Carbonate Mica ("Hydrous") Chlorite- 
vermiculite Montmorillonite 
Others "Kaolin" "Iron" 
Total 
 
X X 
X 
3 to 7 
 
X= present 1n unspecified amounts. 
 
Analyst 
 
H. P. Hamlin, USBM. 
 
Date - ------ 
Method ------------------ 
Sample Location Data: 
 
10-21-57. X-ray and petrographic analysis. 
 
County Floyd. 
 
Land Lot 
 
Sec. 
 
Dist. 
 
7 1/2' topo quad. Rock Mountain (SE. 1/4). Lat. 
 
Long. 
 
Field No. ~1~3_ _ _ _______ , Collected by Ray and Furcron. Date August 1957. 
 
Sample Method Grab (?). 
 
Weathering/alteration - - - ------ 
 
Structural Attitude - ------------------------- --------------------- 
 
Stratigraphic Assignment Floyd Shale (Mississippian). 
 
Sample of Floyd Shale from pit operated by Oconee SO ft. and 10- 15 ft. deep) f rom the old Berr hill 
 
o f Atl a nta Brick & Til e Co. 
 
Compiled by ---B-.--J.--O-'-C-o-n-no-r------ -- Date 3-10-86 -137- 
 
 CERAMIC TESTS AND ANALYSES 
 
Material Shale, soft, sandy (Lavender Mbr.). Compilation Map Location No. Fl.57-14 
 
County Floyd. Raw Properties: 
 
Sample Number --1-4-.------------ 
Lab & No. USBM; Norris, TN.; No. 858-N. 
 
Date Reported 10-21-57. 
 
Ceramist H. P. Hamlin, USBM. 
 
--------~-------- 
 
Water of Plasticity ------~1~8__%Working Properties Short, sandy-working, not 
plastic. Extrusion Char.: Not determined. pn = 8.50. Solu-Br. = 2.80. 
 
Color ~G~r~a~y~ -------- Drying Shrinkage __________% Dry Strength Very low. 
 
Slow Firing Tests: 
 
Temp. OF 
(oC) 
1800 (982) 
 
Color 
 
Hardness 
 
Linear 
 
Absorption Appr. Por. 
 
(Mobs 1 )* Shrinkage, % 
 
% 
 
% 
 
(Disintegrated ~n water.) 
 
Other data: App. 
s . Gr . 
 
2000 
 
Light 
 
Soft (2) 
 
2.5 
 
24.0 
 
2.39 
 
(1093) buff 
 
2100 
 
Light 
 
Soft (2) 
 
2.5 
 
0149) buff 
 
16.9 
 
2.13 
 
2200 ("Melts of 2200") (1204) 
 
Remarks I Other Tests No commercial possibilities. Petrographic analysis shows 25 
to 30% calcium carbonate. 
 
Preliminary Bloating (Quick Firing) Tests: Negative. 
 
*Note: Mohs hardness values are based on M.E. Tyrrell's 1967 rev~s1ons of 1964 test data sheets. 
 
-138- 
 
 locn. no. Fl.57-14 , cont. 
 
Crushing Characteristics (unfired material) 
 
Particle Size -20 mesh. Retention Time 15 min. draw trials (following 3-4 hr. to 18006F, 982C). 
Chemical & Mineralogical Data: 
 
Chemical Analysis: Not determined. 
 
Oxide 
 
Weight % 
 
Sio 2 
 
Ti Al Fe 
 
022oo2 33 
 
FeO 
 
MnO 
 
MgO 
 
CaO 
Na 2o 
K2 0 
 
P2o5 
 
s 
 
(total) 
 
c 
 
(org.) 
 
HC02o2 - 
H2o+ 
 
Ignition 
 
loss 
 
Total 
 
Mineralogy Mineral 
 
volume % 
 
Quartz Feldspar Carbonate Mica ("Hydrous") Chlorite- 
vermiculite Montmorillonite 
Others "Kaolin" "Iron" 
Total 
 
X 
25 to 30 
X 
x 
3 to 7 
 
X= present 1n unspecified amounts. 
 
Analyst 
 
H. P. Hamlin, USBM. 
 
Date 
 
10-21-57. 
 
Method 
 
X-ray and petrographic analysis. 
 
Sample Location Data: 
 
County ___F_l_o~y_d_._________ Land Lot 
 
Sec. 
 
Dist. 
 
7 1/2' topo quad. Chattoogaville (SE. 1/4). Lat. 
 
Long. 
 
Field No. 14 
 
, Collected by Ray and Furcron 
 
~~---------------- 
 
Sample Method Grab (?). 
 
Weathering/alteration 
 
Date August 1957. 
 
Structural Attitude 
 
Stratigraphic Assignment Probably Lavender Shale Member, Ft. Payne Chert (Mississippian). 
Sample Description & Comments Sample of green shale (Lavender Shale Member?) 
which "covers" the limestone rid e on the G. Henr pro erty on King Creek, about 2 miles N. of Ga. Hwy. 20 in the extreme NW. corner of Floyd Co. D. Ray, unpubl. notes, Aug. 1957, Ga. Geol. Surve files) near the Halls Mtn. localit of Furcron 
1958, p. 3, No. 10 and Maynard 1912, p. 172, No.l4 . 
 
Compiled by B. J. O'Connor 
 
Date 11-29-82 -139- 
 
 CERAMIC TESTS AND ANALYSES 
 
Material Shale, soft (Conasauga). 
 
Compilation Map Location No. Fl.57-15 
 
County Floyd. Raw Properties: 
 
Lab & No. 
 
Sample Number 15. --~------------ 
USBM; Norris, TN.; No. 858-0. 
 
Date Reported 10-21-57. 
 
Ceramist H. P. Hamlin , USBM. 
 
Water of Plasticity 
 
35 i. Working Properties Plastic and smooth-working. 
 
Extrusion Characteristics: Good. pH = 7.5. Solu-Br. = 5.15. 
 
Color Light red. Drying Shrinkage 
 
6.0 % Dry Strength Average. 
 
Remarks No drying defects. 
 
Slow Firing Tests: 
 
1800 (982) 
 
Color Bu ff 
 
Hardness 
 
Linear 
 
Absorption 
 
(Mohs' )* Shrinkage, % 
 
% 
 
Soft, 
 
8.5 
 
crumbly (2) 
 
18. 5 
 
Appr. Por. % 
 
Other data: App. Sp. Gr. 2.51 
 
2000 
 
Orange- Fair hard (3) 11.5 
 
(1093) buff 
 
11.7 
 
2.47 
 
2100 
 
Red 
 
Very hard (5) 15.5 
 
5.8 
 
(1149) 
 
2.43 
 
2200 
 
Brown- Steel 
 
(Expanded) 
 
1.3 
 
2.07 
 
( 1204) red 
 
hard (6) 
 
2300 
 
Brown 
 
Steel 
 
(Expanded) 
 
3.1 
 
(1260) 
 
hard (6) 
 
1. 39 
 
Remarks / Other Tests Modulus of Rupture: 3200 psi. Commercial possibilities 
for brick and tile are good , a l though %shrinkage is rather high; color range is 
fair and maturing temperature is short, slightly above 2000 6F (1093C) . 
 
Preliminary Bloating (Quick Firing) Tests: Slight expans1on. 
 
*Note: Mohs hardness values are based on M.E. Tyrrell's 1967 revisions of 1964 test data sheets. 
 
-140- 
 
 locn. no. Fl.S7-15 , cont. 
 
Crushing Characteristics (unfired material) 
 
Particle Size -20 mesh. Retention Time 15 min. draw trials (following 3-4 hr. to 1800F, 982C). 
Chemical & Mineralogical Data: 
 
Chemical Analysis: Not determined. 
 
Oxide 
 
Weight % 
 
Si02 Ti02 
 
Al203 
Fe 2o3 
FeO 
 
MnO 
 
MgO 
 
CaO 
 
Na20 
 
K20 
 
P205 
s c 
 
(total) (org.) 
 
C02 
H2o- 
H2o+ 
 
Ignition 
 
loss 
 
Total 
 
Mineralogy Mineral 
Quartz Feldspar Carbonate Mica ("Hydrous") Chlorite- 
vermiculite Montmorillonite 
Others 11 Kaolin 11 11 Iron 11 
Total 
 
volume % 
X X 
X 
3 to 7 
 
Analyst 
 
H. P. Hamlin, USBM. 
 
Date 
 
10-21-57. 
 
Method --------------------------- 
Sample Location Data: 
 
X-ray and petrographic analysis. 
 
County Floyd. 
 
Land Lot 
 
Sec. 
 
Dist. 
 
7 1/2' topo quad. Chattoogaville (SE. 1/4). Lat. 
 
Long. 
 
Field No. --1-5-----------------, Collected by Ray and Furcron. Date August 1957. 
 
Sample Method Grab (?). 
 
Weathering/alteration -------------- 
 
Structural Attitude 
 
Stratigraphic Assignment Conasuaga Group (Cambrian). 
 
Sample Description & Comments Sample of Conas a uga shale from roadcut on Ga. Rwy . 
20, about 800 ft. E. of Kin Creek on th e Davi s and Bridges properties (Furcron, 19 58 , p. 6, No. 34 and D. Ray unpubl. notes, Aug . 1957, Ga. Geol. Survey f ile s This approximately corresponds to the 11Evans and Russell pr ope rties" local i ty of Smith (1931, p. 103, No. 14) - see Fl.3 1S-14. 
 
Compiled by B. J. O'Connor 
 
Date 3-10-86 
--~--~~---------- 
-141- 
 
 CERAMIC TESTS AND ANALYSES 
 
Material Shale, soft (Floyd). 
 
Compilation Map Location No. Fl.57-16 
 
County Floyd. Raw Properties: 
 
Sample Number ---1-6-.---------- 
Lab & No. USBM; Norris, TN.; No. 858-P. 
 
Date Reported 10-21-57. 
 
Ceramist H. P. Hamlin, USBM. 
 
Water of Plasticity 
 
24 %Working Properties Fairly plastic and smooth- 
 
working. Extrusion Characteristics: Fair. pH= 5.7. Solti-Br. = 0.98. 
 
Color Light red. Drying Shrinkage Remarks No drying defects. 
 
5 % Dty 
--~---- 
 
Strength 
 
--L-o-w-. ---------- 
 
Slow Firing Tests: 
 
Temp. OF 
(oc) 
1800 ( 982) 
 
Color Buff 
 
Hardness 
 
Linear 
 
Absorption 
 
(Mobs')* Shrinkage, % 
 
% 
 
Soft, 
 
5.5 
 
l8.2 
 
crumbly (2) 
 
Appr. Por. % 
 
Other data: App. Sp. Gr. 2.5 9 
 
2000 
 
Buff 
 
Fair hard (3) 6.0 
 
14.3 
 
2.56 
 
(1093) 
 
2100 
 
Light 
 
Hard (4) 
 
9.0 
 
11.0 
 
2.52 
 
(1149) red 
 
2200 
 
Red- 
 
Very hard (5) 9.5 
 
8.0 
 
2.47 
 
(1204) brown 
 
2300 
 
Brown 
 
Steel 
 
11.0 
 
3.9 
 
2.38 
 
(1260) 
 
hard ( 6) 
 
2400 
 
Brown- Steel 
 
(Expanded) 
 
1.5 
 
1316) gray 
 
hard ( 6) 
 
2.14 
 
Remarks I Other Tests Modulus of RuRture: 2000 psi. Commercial possibilities for 
brick and tile are good; maturin~ temeerature for brick between 2100 and 2200F (1149 and 1204C); color ran~e is fair. 
 
Preliminary Bloating (Quick Firing) Tests: Negative. 
 
*Note: Mobs hardness values are based on M.E. Tyrrell's 1967 revisions of 1964 test data sheets. 
 
-142- 
 
 locn. no. Fl.57-16 , cont. 
 
Crushing Characteristics (unfired material) 
 
Particle Size -20 mesh. Retention Time 15 m1n. draw trials (following 3-4 hr. to 1800F, 982C). 
Chemical & Mineralogical Data: 
 
Chemical Analysis: Not determined. 
 
Oxide 
 
Weight % 
 
Sio 2 
ATFeit o22 oo2 33 
FeO 
 
MnO 
 
MgO 
 
CaO 
Na 2o 
K2 0 
 
Pz05 
 
s 
 
(total) 
 
c 
 
(org.) 
 
Hco2o2 - 
H2o+ 
 
Ignition 
 
loss 
 
Total 
 
Mineralogy Mineral 
 
volume % 
 
Quartz Feldspar Carbonate Mica ("Hydrous" Chlorite- 
vermiculite Montmorillonite 
Others "Kaolin" "Iron" 
Total 
 
X X 
X 
3 to 7 
 
X= present in unspecified amounts. 
 
Analyst --------------------------Date 
 
H. P. Hamlin, USBM. 10-21-57. 
 
Method --------------------------- 
Sample Location Data: 
 
X-ray and petrographic analysis. 
 
County Floyd. 
 
Land Lot 
 
Sec. 
 
Dist. 
 
7 1/2' topo quad. Rome North (NE. 1/4) . Lat. 
 
Long. 
 
Field No. -----1-6--------------, Collected by Ray and Furcron Date August 1957. 
 
Sample Method Grab (?). ~~--~~~--------- 
 
Weathering/alteration --------------- 
 
Structural Attitude --------------------------------------------------------- 
 
Stratigraphic Assignment Floyd Shale (Mississippian). 
 
Sample Description & Comments Sample of Floyd Shale from a small roadcut on Old Summerville Rd. (parallel to and W. of U. S. Hwy. 27) about 1.3 miles N. of Pleasant Valley Church (Furcron, 1958, p. 7, No. 37). 
 
Compiled by ---B-.--J-.--O--'C--o-n-n-o-r----------- Date 3-10-86 
 
-143- 
 
 CERAMIC TESTS AND ANALYSES 
 
Material Shale, soft, sandy (Floyd). 
 
Compilation Map Location No. Fl.57-17 
 
County Floyd. 
 
Sample Number 17. 
 
Raw Properties: 
 
Lab & No. USBM; Norris, TN.; No. 858-Q. 
 
Date Reported 10-21-57. 
 
Ceramist H. P. Hamlin, USBM. 
 
Water of Plasticity 
 
26 %Working Properties Very short and sandy-working. 
 
Extrusion Characteristics: not determined. pH = 5.40. Solu-Br. = 0.54. 
 
Color Brown. 
 
- - - - - Drying Shrinkage 
 
5 % Dry Strength Very low. 
 
Remarks No drying defects. 
 
Slow Firing Tests: 
 
Temp. OF 
(oC) 
1800 (982) 
 
Color 
Light buff 
 
Hardness 
 
Linear 
 
Absorption 
 
(Mohs' )* Shrinkage, % 
 
% 
 
So f t, 
 
5.0 
 
26.9 
 
crumbly (2) 
 
Appr. Por. % 
 
Other data: App. Sp, Gr. 2.60 
 
2000 
 
Light 
 
Fair 
 
6.5 
 
(1093) buff 
 
hard ( 3) 
 
24.4 
 
2.62 
 
2100 Light brown- Hard (4) 
 
9.5 
 
16.0 
 
2.57 
 
0149) red 
 
2200 
 
Brown- 
 
Very 
 
11.0 
 
11.0 
 
2.45 
 
(1204) red 
 
hard (5) 
 
2300 
 
Gray- 
 
Steel 
 
14.0 
 
5.5 
 
2.26 
 
(1260) brown 
 
hard (6) 
 
2400 
 
Gray 
 
(Expanded) (Expanded) 
 
2.05 
 
(1316) 
 
Remarks I Other Tests Commercial possibilities for brick and tile are eoor. 
 
Preliminary Bloating (Quick Firing) lests: Negativ~. 
 
*Note: Mohs hardness values are based on M.E. Tyr-rell's 1967 revisions 0 f 1964 test data sheets. 
 
-144- 
 
 locn. no. Fl.57-l7 , cont. 
 
Crushing Characteristics (unfired material) 
 
Particle Size -20 mesh. Retention Time 15 min. draw trials (following 3-4 hr. to 
1800F, 982C). 
Chemical & Mineralogical D~ta: 
 
Chemical Analysis: Not determined. 
 
Oxide Si0 2 Ti02 
 
Weight % 
 
Al203 
 
Fe203 FeD 
 
MnO 
 
MgO 
 
CaD 
Na 2o 
K20 
 
P2o5 
s c 
 
(total) (org.) 
 
C02 
H2o- 
H2o+ 
 
Ignition 
 
loss 
 
Total 
 
Mineralogy Mineral 
 
volume % 
 
Quartz Feldspar Carbonate Mica ("Hydrous") Chlorite- 
vermiculite Montmorillonite 
Others "Kaolin" "Iron" 
Total 
 
X X 
X 
3 to 7 
 
X= present in specified amounts. 
 
Analyst --------------------------Date 
 
H. P. Hamlin, USBM. 10-21-57. 
 
Method --------------------------- 
Sample Location Data: 
 
X-ray and petrographic analysis. 
 
County Floyd. 
 
Land Lot 
 
Sec. 
 
Dist. 
 
7 1/2 1 topo quad. Armuchee (E. cntr.) . Lat. 
 
Long . 
 
Field No. __1_7_________________, Collected by Ray and Furcron. Date August 1957. 
 
Sample Method Grab (?). 
Structural Attitude 
 
Weathering/alteration --------------- 
 
Stratigraphic Assignment Floyd Shale (Mississippian). 
 
Sample Description & Comments Sample of Floyd Shale from along Floyd Springs Rd., 0.2 mile S. of Flo d Springs Baptist Church, S. of Floyd Springs, about 0.4 mile N. o f Turner Rd. D. Ray, unpubl. notes, Aug. 1957, Ga. Geol. Survey fi les . 
 
Compiled by ---B-.--J-.--O--'C--o-n-n-o-r----------- Date ----3---1-0---8-6---------- 
 
-145- 
 
 CERAMIC TESTS AND ANALYSES 
 
Material Shale, soft (Floyd). 
 
Compilation Map Location No. Fl.57-18 
 
County Floyd. Raw Properties: 
 
Sample Number --~1~8~--------Lab & No. USBM; Norris, TN.; No. 858-R. 
 
Date Reported 10-21-57. 
 
Ceramist H. P. Hamlin, USBM. 
 
Water of Plasticity 
 
24 i. Working Properties Plastic and smooth-working. 
 
Extrusion Characteristics : Fair. pH = 5.50. Solu-Br. = 0.46. 
 
Color Light red. Drying Shrinkage Remarks No drying defects. 
 
3.5 % Dry Strength --L-o-w-.----------- 
 
Slow Firing Tests: 
 
Temp. OF 
(oC) 
1800 ( 982) 
 
Color 
L~ght 
buff 
 
Hardness 
 
Linear 
 
(Mobs')* Shrinkage, i. 
 
Soft, 
 
5.5 
 
crumbly (2) 
 
Absorption % 
18.6 
 
Appr. Por. i. 
 
Other 
data: App. Sp. Gr. 2.67 
 
2000 
 
Dark 
 
Hard (4) 
 
9.0 
 
(1093) buff 
 
11.3 
 
2.66 
 
2100 
 
Red- 
 
Steel 
 
10.0 
 
7.1 
 
2.59 
 
( 1149) brown 
 
hard ( 6) 
 
2200 
 
Dark red- Steel 
 
12.5 
 
4.2 
 
2.52 
 
( 1204) brown 
 
hard ( 6) 
 
2300 
 
Brown 
 
Steel 
 
14.0 
 
2.1 
 
2.32 
 
(1260) 
 
hard ( 6) 
 
2400 
 
Brown 
 
(1316) 
 
Steel hard (6) 
 
(Expanded) 
 
13.0 
 
2.22 
 
I Other 
Same as "S 11 - 
 
uarry 
 
Preliminary Bloatin~ (Quick Firin~) Tests: 
 
Ne~ative. 
 
*Note: Mobs hardness values are based on M.E. Tyrrell's 1967 revisions of 1964 test data sheets. 
 
-146- 
 
 locn. no. Fl.57-18 , cont. 
 
Crushing Characteristics (unfired material) ------ 
Particle Size -20 mesh. Retention Time 15 min. draw trials (following 3-4 hr. to 1800F, 982C). 
Chemical & Mineralogical Data: 
 
Chemical Analysis: Not determined. 
 
Oxide 
 
Weight % 
 
Si0 2 TiOz 
 
Al203 
Fe203 FeO 
 
MnO 
 
MgO 
 
CaO 
Na 2o 
K20 
 
P20s 
s c 
 
(total) (org.) 
 
COz HzO- 
 
HzO+ 
 
Ignition 
 
loss 
 
Total 
 
Mineralogy Mineral 
 
volume % 
 
Quartz Feldspar Carbonate Mica ("Hydrous") Chlorite- 
vermiculite Montmorillonite 
Others "Kaolin" "Iron" 
Total 
 
X X 
X 
3 to 7 
 
X= present 1n unspecified amounts. 
 
Analyst 
 
H. P. Hamlin, USBM. 
 
Date 
 
10-21-57. 
 
Method ---------------- 
Sample Location Data: 
 
X-ray and petrographic analysis. 
 
County Floyd. 
 
Land Lot 
 
---~~------ 
 
7 1/2' topo quad. Plainville (W. side) 
 
Sec. . Lat. 
 
Dist. Long. 
 
Field No. ___1_8___________, Collected by Ray and Furcron. Date August 1957. 
 
Sample Method --G-r-a-b--(?-)-. -- 
Structural Attitude 
 
Weathering/alteration --------- 
 
Stratigraphic Assignment Floyd Shale (Mississippian). 
 
Sample Description & Comments Sample of Flo d Shale from along Rosedale Rd., 
 
about 0.3 mile W. of Rosedale and Old Dalton Rd., E. of Muck Creek Furcron, 
 
19 58, p. 7, No. 38) . 
 
-------------- ___ ___ Compiled by B. J. O'Connor 
 
Date 
 
3-10- ....;.... 86 
 
-147- 
 
 CERAMIC TESTS AND ANALYSES 
 
Material Shale, soft (Lavender Mbr.?) 
 
Compilatiort Map Location No. Fl.57-19 
 
------~----~~~~~~~~--- 
 
County 
 
Floyd. 
 
Sample Number --1-9-. ----- 
 
Raw Properties: 
 
Lab & No. USNM; Norris TN.; No. 858-S. 
 
-------------- Date Reported 10-21-57. 
 
Ceramist H. P. Hamlin, USBM. 
 
Water of Plasticity 
 
25 % Working Properties Plastic and smooth-working . 
 
Extrusion Characteristics: Good. pH = 5.1. Solu-Br. = 0.63. 
 
Color Light red. Drying Shrinkage -----'-5--% Dry Strength Very low. 
Remarks No drying defects. 
 
Slow Firing Tests: 
 
Temp. OF 
(oC) 
1800 ( 982) 
 
Color Buff 
 
Hardness 
 
Linear 
 
(Mobs')* Shrinkage, i. 
 
Soft. 
 
5.5 
 
crumbly ( 2) 
 
Absorption % 
19.9 
 
Appr. Por. 
"I 
/0 
 
Other data: App. Sp. Gr. 2.60 
 
2000 
 
Dark 
 
Fair 
 
7.5 
 
(1093) buff 
 
hard ( 3) 
 
10.9 
 
2.58 
 
2100 
 
Red 
 
Steel 
 
10.0 
 
6.3 
 
(1149) 
 
hard ( 6) 
 
2.52 
 
2200 
 
Dark red- Steel 
 
12.5 
 
4.4 
 
2.46 
 
(1204) brown 
 
hard ( 6) 
 
2300 
 
Brown 
 
Steel 
 
14.0 
 
2.9 
 
2.40 
 
( 1260) 
 
hard ( 6) 
 
2400 
 
Brown 
 
Steel 
 
(Expanded) 
 
2.25 
 
(1316) 
 
hard ( 6) 
 
Remarks I Other Tests Modulus of RuEture: 2400 psi. Commercial 
 
for brick and 
 
ver ood. Has ood color range and would 
 
guarr~ tile. 
 
R I = Fl.57-18. 
 
Preliminary Bloating (Quick Firing) Tests: Negative. 
 
*Note: 
 
Mohs hardness values are based on M.E. Tyrrell's 1967 revisions of 1964 test data sheets. 
 
-148- 
 
 locn. no. Fl.57-19 , cont. 
 
Crushing Characteristics (unfired material) 
 
Particle Size -20 mesh. Retention Time 15 m1n. draw trials (following 3-4 hr. to 1800F, 982C). 
Chemical & Mineralogical Data: 
 
Chemical Analysis: Not determined. 
 
Oxide 
 
Weight % 
 
Si02 Ti02 
 
Al203 
 
Fe 203 FeO 
 
MnO 
 
MgO 
 
CaO 
 
Na20 
 
K20 
 
P2o5 
s c co 
H2o- 
H2o+ 
 
(total) (org.) 
 
Ignition 
 
loss 
 
Total 
 
Mineralogy Mineral 
 
volume % 
 
Quartz Feldspar Carbonate Mica ("Hydrous") Chlorite- 
vermiculite Montmorillonite 
Others "Kaolin" "Iron" 
Total 
 
X X 
X 
3 to 7 
 
X= present 1n unspecified amounts. 
 
Analyst 
 
H. P.Hamlin, USBM. 
 
Date 
 
10-21-57. 
 
Method --------------------------- 
Sample Location Data: 
 
X-ray and petrographic analysis. 
 
County ___F_l_o~y_d_._________ Land Lot 
 
Sec. 
 
Dist. 
 
7 1/2' topo quad. Armuchee (SE. corner). Lat. 
 
Long. 
 
Field No. 19 
 
, Collected by Ray and Furcron Date August 1957. 
 
--~~-------------- 
 
Sample Method Grab (?). 
 
Weathering/alteration ------- 
 
Structural Attitude 
 
Stratigraphic Assignment Probably Lavender Shale Mbr., Ft. Payne Chert (Mississippian). 
 
Sample Description & Comments Shale sample, probablf from the Lavender Shale Member (Ft. Payne Chert), from along Old Dalton Rd. parallel to and E. of Turkey Mtn.) near the intersection with Ga. Hwy. 140, about 1.5 miles N. of Armuchee Creek (Furcron, 1958, p. 7, No. 39), about 1/3 mile W. of the Oostanaula Rtver. 
 
-------------------- Compiled by B. J. O'Connor 
 
Date 
 
----~~~~---------------- 
 
3-10-86 
 
-149- 
 
 CERAMIC TESTS AND ANALYSES 
 
Material Shale (Conasauga). County Floyd. 
 
Compilation Map Location No. Fl.60-la 
 
Sample Number No. 1 to 6. 
 
to f. 
 
Raw Properties: 
 
Lab & No. USBM , Norris, TN; #1202 A to F. 
 
Date Reported 3-25-60. 
 
Ceramist H. P. Hamlin, USBM. 
 
--~~~~------ 
 
Water of Plasticity ----------%Working Properties ---------------------------- 
Color ------------- Drying Shrinkage --------~% Dry Strength -------------- 
 
Slow Firing Tests: Not determined. 
 
Color 
 
Hardness 
 
Linear 
 
Absorption Appr. Par. Other 
 
Shrinkage, % 
 
% 
 
% 
 
data: 
 
Preliminary Bloating (Quick Firing) Tests: Negative: A and B; 
=P~o~s~i~t+iv~e-:--C~t~o~F~.~ 
 
Temp. OF 
 
Bulk Denisty Lb/Ft3 
 
Absorption % 
 
Remarks 
 
USBM No. 1202A 
 
(No. 1) 
 
Type: Soft shale 
 
Crushing characteristics: Fair 
 
1800 ( 982) 1900 (1038) 2000 (1093) 2100 (1149) 2200 (1204) 
 
91.6 91.6 110.3 94.8 94.8 
 
18.6 19.9 
9.5 3.1 1.0 
 
USBM No. 1202B 
 
(No. 2) 
 
Type: Soft shale 
 
Crushing characteristics: Fair 
 
1800 ( 982) 128.9 
 
8.4 
 
1900 (1038) 115.3 
 
7.3 
 
2000 (1093) 
 
89.7 
 
7.7 
 
2100 (1149) 
 
94.0 
 
4.3 
 
2200 (1204) 
 
81.6 
 
5.1 
 
No bloating No bloating No bloating No bloating Overfired and sticky 
No bloating No bloating No bloating No bloating No bloating 
 
-150- 
 
 Preliminary Bloating (Quick Firing) Tests: contd. 
 
Temp. 
 
Bulk Denisty 
 
Absorption Remarks 
 
F 
 
Lb/Ft 3 
 
% 
 
(oC) 
 
locn. no. Fl.60-l, a to f ~ cont. 
 
USBM No. 1202C 
 
(No. 3) 
 
Type: Soft shale 
 
Crushing characteristics: Good 
 
1800 ( 982) 123.3 
 
3.6 
 
1900 (1038) 109.6 
 
5.0 
 
2000 (1093) 
 
94.7 
 
3.3 
 
2100 ( 1149) 
 
65.0 
 
2.4 
 
2200 (1204) 
 
67.2 
 
3.4 
 
Slight bloating Slight bloating Fair bloating Fair bloating, slighty sticky Overfired, very sticky 
 
USBM No. 1202D 
 
(No. 4) 
 
Type: Soft shale 
 
Crushing characteristics: Good 
 
1800 ( 982) 112.1 
 
5.8 
 
1900 (1038) 
 
99.1 
 
6.9 
 
2000 (1093) 
 
91.6 
 
6.0 
 
2100 (1149) 
 
76.0 
 
5.4 
 
2200 (1204) 
 
79.1 
 
1.6 
 
No bloating No bloating Slight bloating Fair bloating Overfired and very sticky 
 
USBM No. l202E 
 
(No. 5) 
 
Type: Shale 
 
Crushing characteristics: Good 
 
1800 ( 982) 115.2 
 
3.8 
 
1900 (1038) 
 
99.7 
 
5.9 
 
2000 (1093) 
 
90.3 
 
4.4 
 
2100 ( 1149) 
 
74.8 
 
5.0 
 
2200 (1204) 
 
74.0 
 
3.8 
 
No bloating No bloating Slight bloating Fair bloating Overfired, very sticky 
 
U~BM No. l202F 
 
(No. 6) 
 
Type: Shale, hard 
 
Crushing characteristics: Very good 
 
1800 ( 982) 1900 (1038) 2000 (1093) 2100 (1149) 2200 (1204) 
 
107.2 91.6 81.0 72.3 69.2 
 
4.1 
 
No bloating 
 
4.7 
 
No bloating 
 
4. 5 
 
Slight bloating 
 
3.3 
 
Fair bloating 
 
2.9 
 
Overfired and very sticky 
 
-151- 
 
 locn. no. Fl.60-l a to f, 
 
Crushing Characteristics (unfired material) Fair to very good. 
 
cont. 
 
Particle Size 1/4 x 1/2 in. Retention Time 15 minutes. 
 
Chemical & Mineralogical Data: Not determined. 
 
Sample Location Data: 
 
County __F_l_o.y_d_.__________ Land Lot 5 
 
Sec. 
 
Dist. 22 
 
7 1/2' topo quad. Rome South (cntr. )  Lat. 
 
Long . 
 
Field No. 
 
(1 to 6) 
 
, Collected by J. P. Roberts. 
 
----~----~~------ 
 
Sample Method Grab (?). 
 
Weathering/alteration 
 
Date 2-25-60. 
 
Structural Attitude 
 
Stratigraphic Assignment Conasauga Group (Cambrian) shale. 
 
Sample Description & Comments Sam les of shale collected from different oints on the J. P. Roberts prope rty 5 1 2 miles south of Rome and 1 8 mile north of 
the intersection of U. S. Eighways 27 and 4 11. 
 
"Samples 1 and 2 do not expand and they would not be suitable for aggregate. 
"Samples 3, 4, 5 and 6 appear to be quite similar in composition and the bloating characteristics are about the same. A microscopic examination of the expanded particles showed that sample 3 gave the most uniform expansion and would probably make better aggregate than any of the other samples. 
"Although the expanded weights of these shales are a little on the heavy side, the percent absorp.t ion is very low and the strength of the aggregate is much better than that of most commercial materials. 
"The results of these tests are positive enough to warrant further work and pilot plant size rotary kiln tests should be made on larger samples." (H. P. Hamlin, written communication, 3-25-60). 
 
Compiled by B. J. O'Connor 
 
Date 11-29-82 
 
-152- 
 
 -153- 
 
 CERAMIC TESTS AND ANALYSES 
 
Material Shale (Floyd). 
 
Compilation Map Location No. F1.64-l 
 
County Floyd. Raw Properties: 
 
Sample Number _..;.:.2.:..5.;...- - - - Lab & No. USBM, Norris, Tenn.; No. 1553-W. 
 
Date Reported 4-8-64 
 
Ceramist M. V. Denny, USBM (revised by M. E. 
 
(revised 1967) 
 
T rrell, Tuscaloosa Ala.) 
 
Water of Plasticity 
 
26.8 % Working Propertices Moderate plastici ty . Long 
 
workin, plastic smooth, fatt 
 
H = 5.78 (Not effervescent with HCl.) 
 
Remarks Drying Characteristics: 'Good (No defects.) 
 
Slow Firing Tests: 
 
Temp. OF 
(oC) 
 
Color 
 
Hardness (Mohs') 
 
Linear 
 
Absorption Appr. Por. 
 
Shrinkage, % 
 
% 
 
% 
 
Other data: Bulk Dens . 
gm/cc 
 
1800 Red-tan 
 
Fair hard 
 
5.0 
 
(982) 
 
(3) 
 
23.6 
 
39.4 
 
1. 67 
 
1900 Red-tan 
 
Fair hard 
 
5.0 
 
(1038) 
 
(3) 
 
21.2 
 
36.7 
 
1. 73 
 
2000 Reddish- Hard 
 
9.5(9.0) 
 
15.2 
 
29.0 
 
1. 91 
 
(1093) brown 
 
(4) 
 
2100 Reddish(1149) brown 
 
Very hard (5) 
 
10.0 
 
12.9 
 
25.5 
 
1. 98 
 
2200 Brown (1204) 
 
Steel hard 12.5 (6) 
 
9.6 
 
20.0 
 
2.08 
 
2300 Dark brown Steel hard 12.5 
 
(1260) 
 
(6) 
 
9.9 
 
20.9 
 
2.11 
 
Remarks I Other Tests (Should fire to MW 11 11 face brick specifications at about 
2100F, 1149C.) Fair color, slightly rough surfac e, some cracks in firing. Temperature a little high for brick. Potential Use: Brick? (Face brick.) 
 
Preliminary Bloating (Quick Firing) Tests: Negati ve. 
 
Note: Appr. Por. and Bulk Dens. plus data and remarks in parentheses are from 1967 revised data sheets by Tyrrell. 
 
-154- 
 
 locn. no. Fl.64-l , cont. 
 
Crushing Characteristics (unfired material) 
 
Particle Size -20 mesh. Retention Time 15 min. draw trials (following 3-4 hr. to 1800 6 F, 982 6C). 
Chemical & Mineralogical Data: Not determined. 
 
Chemical Analysis 
 
Oxide 
 
Weight % 
 
Sio 2 
ATFelio22oo233 
FeO 
 
MnO 
 
MgO 
 
CaO 
Na 2 o 
K20 
 
Pz05 
 
s 
 
(total) 
 
c 
cHo2o2 - 
H2o+ 
 
(org.) 
 
Ignition 
 
loss 
 
Total 
 
Mineralogy Mineral 
Quartz Feldspar Carbonate Mica Chlorite- 
vermiculite Montmorillonite 
Others 
Total 
 
volume % 
 
Analyst 
 
Date 
 
Method 
 
Samp le Location Data: 
 
County __F_l;..o;;.Jy,._d..;.._ _ __ Land Lot 
 
Sec. 
 
Dist. 
 
7 1/2' topo quad. -----------------------. Lat. 
Field No. _ _25_._ -_ _ _ _ _, Collected by ? J.~J.Sm Hh 
 
Long. Date c. 1963. 
 
Sample Method Grab (?). Structural Attitude 
 
- - - - - - - - - - - Weathering/alteration 
 
Stratigraphic Assignment Floyd Shale (Mississippian). 
 
Sample Description & Comments No further data available. 
 
Compiled by ---B-.--J-.--O-'-C-o-n-n-o-r----------- Date ---5---1---8-4------------ 
 
-155- 
 
 CERAMIC TESTS AND ANALYSES 
 
Material Shale (Conasauga). 
 
Compilation Map Location No. Fl.64-2 
 
County Flovd. Raw Properties: 
 
Sample Number --3-0-.------------ 
Lab & No. USBM , Norris , Tenn.; No. 1554-B. 
 
Date Reported 5-8-64 
 
Ceramist M. V. Denn y , USBM (revised by M. E. 
 
_,(_r_e_v~i-s-e~d~l~9~6~7~)---- 
 
Tyrr ell , Tuscaloosa, Ala.) 
 
Water of Plasticity 
 
27.5 % Working Propert i es (Low plast i city.) Long 
 
workin lastic, smooth fatt y . H = 6;05 (Not ef fervescent with HCl.) 
 
Remarks Dryi ng Characteristics: (No defects.) Surface crazing . Slow Firing Tests: 
 
Temp. OF 
(oC) 
 
Color 
 
Hardness (Mohs') 
 
1800 
 
Li ght brown Soft 
 
( 982) 
 
(2) 
 
Linear 
 
Absorption 
 
Shrinkage, % 
 
% 
 
1.0 
 
20. 4 
 
Appr. Por. % 
35.5 
 
Other data: Bulk Dens. 
Icc 1. 74 
 
1900 
 
Light brown Fair hard 5.5(5.0) 
 
(1038) 
 
(3) 
 
15.2 
 
29.0 
 
1. 91 
 
2000 
 
Brown 
 
Hard 
 
9.0 
 
(1093) 
 
(4) 
 
7.7 
 
17.0 
 
2.21 
 
2100 
 
Chocolate 
 
0149) 
 
Very hard 15.0 (5) 
 
4.4 
 
10.3 
 
2.34 
 
2200 
 
Dark brown Steel hard 15.0 
 
0204) 
 
(6) 
 
1.2 
 
3.0 
 
2.43 
 
2300 
 
Dark brown Steel hard 15.0 
 
0.5 
 
(1260) 
 
(6) 
 
(Expanded) 
 
Remarks I Other Tests (Should fire to "SW" face brick specifications at about 
2000F, 1093C. Ab r u t vitrif ica t i on.) Fair color , absor t ion hi h. Potential Use: Face brick, sewer pipe, and quarr y t i le. Brick. 
 
Preliminary Bloating (Quick Firing) Tests: Negative. 
 
Note: Appr. Por. and Bulk Dens. plus data and remarks in parentheses are from 1967 revised data sheets by Tyrrell. 
 
-156- 
 
 locn. no. Fl.64-2 , cont. 
 
Crushing Characteristics (unfired material) 
 
Particle Size -20 mesh. Retention Time 15 m1n. draw trials (following 3-4 hr. to 1800F, 982C). 
Chemical & Mineralogical Data: Not determined. 
 
Chemical Analysis 
 
Oxide 
 
Weight % 
 
Sio 2 
TAFeil o22oo2 33 
FeO 
 
MnO 
 
MgO 
 
CaO 
Na 2o 
K20 
 
P2o5 
s c 
 
(total) (org.) 
 
HC02o2 - 
H2o+ 
 
Ignition 
 
loss 
 
Total 
 
Mineralogy Mineral 
Quartz Feldspar Carbonate Mica Chlorite- 
vermiculite Montmorillonite 
Others 
Total 
 
volume % 
 
A n a l y s t - - - - - - - - - - - -Date 
 
Method ------------- 
Sample Location Data: 
 
County _F~l~o~y~d~------ Land Lot 
 
Sec. 
 
Dist. 
 
7 1/2' topo quad. --------------. Lat. 
 
Long . 
 
----------- Field No. 30. 
 
, Collected by J.W. Smith ? 
 
Date c. 1963. 
 
Sample Method Grab (?). 
 
Weathering/alteration -------- 
 
Structural Attitude -------------------------------- 
 
Stratigraphic Assignment Conasauga Group (Cambrian). 
 
Sample Description & Comments No further data available. 
-----------------------~------------- 
 
Compiled by --B-.--J-. -O--'C-o-n-n-or--------- Date ----5--1---8-4--------- 
 
-157- 
 
 CERAMIC TESTS AND ANALYSES 
 
Material Shale (Conasauga). 
 
Compilation Map Location No. Fl.64-3 
 
County Floyd. 
 
Sample Number 33. 
 
Raw Properties: 
 
Lab & No. USBM, Norris, Tenn.; No. 1554-E. 
 
Water 
 
Properties Moderate plasticity. Short pH 5 . .99 . . (Not effervescent with HC1.) 
5.0 %Dry Strength Poor. Fair.) 
 
Remarks Drying Characteristics: Poor-rough. (No defects.) 
 
Slow Firing Tests: 
 
Temp. OF 
(oC) 
1800 (982) 
 
Color Tan 
 
Hardness (Mohs 1 ) 
Soft (2) 
 
Linear 
 
Absorption 
 
Shrinkage, % 
 
% 
 
4.5(5.0) 
 
33.7 
 
Appr. Por. % 
47.5 
 
Other data: Bulk Dens. 
gm/cc 1.41 
 
1900 
 
Tan 
 
(1038) 
 
2000 
 
Tan 
 
(1093) 
 
Soft (2) 
Fair hard (3) 
 
4.5(5.0) 4.5(5.0) 
 
31.1 30.7 
 
45.4 44.8 
 
1.46 1.46 
 
2100 
 
Light 
 
0149) brown 
 
Fair hard 5.5(5.0) (3) 
 
30.1 
 
44.5 
 
1.48 
 
2200 
 
Red-brown 
 
(1204) 
 
Hard (4) 
 
4.5(5.0) 
 
29.9 
 
43.7 
 
1.46 
 
2300 
 
Red-brown 
 
(1260) 
 
Hard (4) 
 
5.5(5.0) 
 
23.1 
 
37.0 
 
l. 60 
 
Remarks /Other Tests Very high absorption, (at all firing temperatures), poor color, too soft; some carbonate and sulfate. Potential Use: None. (Not suitable for use as the principal component in vitreous clay products.) 
 
Preliminary Bloating (Quick Firing) Tests: Negative. 
 
Note: Appr. Por. and Bulk Dens. plus data and remarks in p~rentheses are from 1967 revised data sheets by Tyrrell. 
 
-158- 
 
 locn. no. Fl.64-3 , cont. 
 
Crushing Characteristics (unfired material) 
 
Particle Size -20 mesh. Retention Time 15 min. draw trials (following 3-4 hr. to 1800 6 F 982 6 C). 
Chemical & Mineralogical Data: Not determi ned. 
 
Chemical Analysis 
 
Oxide 
 
Weight % 
 
Si02 
 
Ti02 
 
Al203 
 
Fe203 
 
FeO 
 
MnO 
 
MgO 
 
CaO 
 
Na20 
 
K20 
 
P205 
s c 
 
(total) (org.) 
 
C02 
H2o- 
H2o+ 
 
Ignition 
 
loss 
 
Total 
 
Mineralogy Mineral 
Quartz Feldspa!=" Carbonate Mica Chlorite- 
vermiculite Montmorillonite 
Others 
Total 
 
volume % 
 
Analyst 
 
Date ------- 
Method ---------------- 
Sample Location Data: 
 
County ___F_l_o~y_d_._ _ _ __ Land Lot 
 
Sec. 
 
Dist. 
 
7 1/2' topo quad. ---------------------- Lat. Field No. --3-3.--------------, Collected by J.W. Smith ? 
 
Long . Date c. 1963. 
 
Sample Method Grab (?). 
 
Weathering/alteration -------------- 
 
Structural Attitude 
 
Stratigraphic Assignment Conasauga Group (Cambrian). 
 
Sample Description & Comments No further data available. 
 
Compiled by B. J. O'Connor 
 
Date 5-1-84 
 
-159- 
 
 CERAMIC TESTS AND ANALYSES 
 
Material Shale (Floyd). 
 
Compilation Map Location No. Fl.64-4 
 
County Floyd. Raw Properties: 
 
Sample Number ~4~1~ ----------- 
Lab & No. USBM, Norris, Tenn.; No. 1554-M. 
 
Date Reported 5-8-64 
 
Ceramist 
 
E. 
 
(revised 1967) 
 
Water of Plasticity 
 
25 .0 %Working 
 
lastic, smooth fatt . 
 
Remarks Drying Characteristics: (No defects.) Good; slight surface craz1ng. 
 
Slow Firing Tests: 
 
1800 (982) 
 
Color Flesh 
 
Hardness 
 
Linear 
 
Absorption 
 
(Mohs') Shrinkage, % 
 
% 
 
Fair hard 
 
2.5 
 
(3) 
 
21.5 
 
Appr. Por. % 
36.6 
 
Other data: Bulk Dens. 
m/cc 1. 70 
 
1900 
 
Tan 
 
(1038) 
 
Hard 
 
5.0 
 
(4) 
 
17.7 
 
32.2 
 
1.82 
 
2000 
 
Light 
 
Hard 
 
7.5 
 
(1093) brown 
 
(4) 
 
15.0 
 
28.7 
 
1. 91 
 
2100 
 
Brown 
 
(1149) 
 
Very hard (5) 
 
10.0 
 
14.1 
 
27.2 
 
1. 93 
 
2200 
 
Dark 
 
Very hard 
 
(1204) red-brown 
 
(5) 
 
11.0 
 
5.4 
 
11.9 
 
2.21 
 
2300 
 
Dark 
 
(1260) brown 
 
Steel hard 
(6) 
 
11.0 
 
2.8 
 
6.4 
 
2.29 
 
Remarks I Other Tests (Ab r u t vitrification. Should fire to "SW" face brick 
specifications at about 21 50.F, 1177 C). Potenti a l Use : Face brick; sewer pipe.) Decorative brick, t i le and pottery. 
 
Preliminary Bloating (Quick Firing) Tests: Negative. 
 
Note: Appr. Por. and Bulk Dens. plus data and remarks in parentheses are from 1967 revised data sheets by Tyrrell. 
 
-160- 
 
 locn. no. Fl.64-4 , cont. 
 
Crushing Characteristics (unfired material) 
 
Particle Size -20 mesh. Retention Time 15 min. draw trials (following 3-4 hr. to l800 6 F 982 6 C). 
Chemical & Mineralogical Data: Not determined. 
 
Chemica 1 Analysis 
 
Oxide 
 
Weight % 
 
SiOz 
 
TiOz 
 
Al203 
Fe 2o3 
FeO 
 
MnO 
 
MgO 
 
CaO 
Na 2 o 
KzO 
 
PzOs 
s c 
 
(total) (org.) 
 
COz 
H2o- 
n2o+ 
 
Ignition 
 
loss 
 
Total 
 
Mineralogy Mineral 
Quartz Feldspar Carbonate Mica Chlorite- 
vermiculite Montmorillonite 
Others 
Total 
 
volume % 
 
Analyst 
 
Date 
 
Method --------------------------- 
Sample Location Data: 
 
County ___F~l~o~y_d_._________ Land Lot 
 
Sec. 
 
Dist. 
 
7 1/2' topo quad. -----------------------. Lat. 
 
Field No. 41. 
 
, Collected by J.W. Smith ? 
 
--~~-------------- 
 
Long. Date c. 1963. 
 
Sample Method Grab (?). 
 
Weathering/alt~ration --------------- 
 
Structural Attitude --------------------------------------------------- 
Stratigraphic Assignment Floyd Shale (Mississippian). 
 
Sample Description & Comments No further data available. 
 
Compiled by B. J. O'Connor 
 
Date 5-1-84 
 
--~------------------------ 
 
--~~~~---------- 
 
-161- 
 
 CERAMIC TESTS AND ANALYSES 
 
Material Shale (Floyd). 
 
Compilation Map Location No. Fl.64-5 
 
County Floyd. Raw Pro pert ie s: 
 
Lab & No. 
 
Sample Number 50. ~~------------ 
USBM, Norris, Tenn.; No. 1554-V. 
 
Date Reported 5-8-64 
 
Ceramist M. V. Denny, USBM (revised by M. E. 
 
...,(r-...:.e_v~i-s...e.:--d,;........,l-:9-:6-:7,....)--- 
 
Tyrre11 > Tus ca1oo sa , Ala . ) 
 
Water of Plasticity 
 
% Working Properti es (tm-7 plasticity.) Short 
 
workin , smooth, lastic. 
 
H = 5.40 (Not effervescent wi th HCl.) 
 
Remarks Drying Characteristics: Good (No defects.) 
 
Slow Firing Tests: 
 
1800 (982) 
 
Color 
Light tan 
 
Hardness 
 
Linear 
 
Absorption 
 
(Mohs') Shrinkage, % 
 
% 
 
Fair hard 
 
1.0 
 
(3) 
 
20.3 
 
Appr. Por. % 
33.5 
 
Other data: Bulk Dens. 
m/cc 1. 65 
 
1900 
 
Light 
 
Fair hard 
 
1.0 
 
( 1038) tan 
 
(3) 
 
19.0 
 
32.1 
 
1. 69 
 
2000 
 
Light 
 
Hard 
 
1.0 
 
(1093) tan 
 
(4) 
 
16.8 
 
29.4 
 
1. 75 
 
2100 
 
Light 
 
Very hard 
 
5.0 
 
(1149) brown 
 
(5) 
 
13.2 
 
24.6 
 
1. 36 
 
2200 
 
Light 
 
Very hard 
 
5.0 
 
(1204) brown 
 
(5) 
 
13.1 
 
24.5 
 
1. 37 
 
2300 
 
Choco- Steel hard 
 
5.0 
 
(1260) late 
 
(6) 
 
10.9 
 
21.1 
 
1.94 
 
Remarks / Other Tests Good color, absorption high, spotty surface. (Should fire 
to "MW" face brick specifications at about 2050F, 1121 C). Potential Use: (Face 
brick.) Decorative brick or tile. 
 
Preliminary Bloating (Quick Firing) Tests: Negative. 
 
Note: Appr.Por. and Bulk Dens. plus data and remarks 1n parentheses are from 1967 revised data sheets by Tyrell. 
 
-162- 
 
 locn. no. Fl.64-5 , cont. 
 
Crushing Characteristics (unfired material) 
 
Particle Size -20 mesh. Retention Time 15 min. draw trials (following 3-4 hr. to 1800 6 F) 982 6 C). 
Chemical & Mineralogical Data: Not dete r mined. 
 
Chemical Analysis 
 
Oxide 
 
Weight % 
 
Si02 
 
Ti02 
 
Al203 
 
Fe203 FeO 
 
MnO 
 
MgO 
 
CaO 
Na 2o 
K20 
 
P2o5 
s c 
 
(total) (org.) 
 
C02 
n2o- 
H2o+ 
 
Ignition 
 
loss 
 
Total 
 
Mineralogy Mineral 
Quartz Feldspar Carbonate Mica Chlorite-  
vermiculite Montmorillonite 
Others 
Total 
 
volume % 
 
Analyst 
 
Date 
 
Method -------------------------- 
Sample Location Data: 
 
County --~F~l~o~y~d~~------ Land Lot 
 
Sec. 
 
Dist. 
 
7 1/2' topo quad. ----------------------- Lat. Field No. --~5~0~ -------------- Collected by J.W. Smith ? 
 
Long. Date c. 1963. 
 
Sample Method Grab (?). 
 
Weathering/alteration ---------- 
 
Structural Attitude ------------------------------------------------- 
 
Stratigraphic Assignment Floyd Shale (Mississippian). 
 
Sample Description & Comments No further data available. 
 
-------------------- Compiled by --~B~~J~~o~c~o~n~n~o~r______ Date 5-1-84 
 
-163- 
 
 CERAMIC TESTS AND ANALYSES 
 
Material Shale (Floyd). 
 
Compilation Map Location No. Fl.64-6 
 
County Floyd. Raw Properties: 
 
Sample Number --5-1-. ----------- 
Lab & No. USBM, Norris, Tenn.; No. 1554-W. 
 
Date Reported 4-8-64 
 
Ceramist M. V. Denny, USBM (revised by M. E. 
 
(revised 1967) 
 
Tyrrell, Tuscaloosa, Ala.) 
 
Water of Plasticity 
 
22 . 8 %Working Properties (Low plasticity.) Short 
 
workin, smooth lastic. H = 5.73 (Not effervescent with HCl.) 
 
Color Red-buff. Drying Shrinkage 
 
4.0 % Dry Strength Good . ------~----~- 
 
Remarks Drying Characteristics: Good. (No defects.) 
 
Slow Firing Tests: 
 
Temp. OF 
Cc) 
1800 (982) 
 
Color Tan 
 
Hardness 
 
Linear 
 
Absorption 
 
(Mohs 1 ) 
 
Shrinkage, % 
 
% 
 
Fair hard (3) 
 
1.0(5.0) 
 
22.7 
 
Appr. Por. % 
36.5 
 
Other data: Bulk Dens. 
m/cc 1. 61 
 
1900 
 
Tan 
 
(1038) 
 
Hard 
 
5.0 
 
(4) 
 
19.3 
 
33.0 
 
1. 71 
 
2000 
 
Tan 
 
(1093) 
 
Hard 
 
9.0 
 
(4) 
 
14.6 
 
27.0 
 
1.85 
 
2100 
 
Choco- Very hard 
 
9.0 
 
(1149) late 
 
(5) 
 
8.5(9.1) 
 
18.4 
 
2.01 
 
2200 
 
Brown 
 
(1204) 
 
Very hard (5) 
 
10.0 
 
9.1(3.5) 
 
17.1 
 
2.02 
 
2300 Dark 
 
Steel hard 11.0 
 
(1260) purple-brown (6) 
 
3.1 
 
6.8 
 
2.19 
 
Remarks I Other Tests Fine color, spotted, shrinkage slightly high. Needs 
lastic additive to make a fine otter and stoneware cla  (Should fire to 
 
brick; sewer pipe. Decorative brick and tile. 
 
Preliminary Bloating (Quick Firing) Tests: Negative. 
 
Note: Appr.Por. and Bulk Dens. plus data and remarks in parentheses are from 1967 revised data sheets by Tyrrell. 
 
-164- 
 
 locn. no. Fl.64-6 , cont. 
 
Crushing Characteristics (~nfired material) 
 
Particle Size -20 mesh. Retention Time 15 m1.n. draw trials (following 3-4 hr. to 
~18~0~0~6~F~.9~8~2~6~c~)-.----~------=---------- 
Chemical & Mineralogical Data: Not dete rmi ned. 
 
Chemical Analysis 
 
Oxide 
 
Weight % 
 
Sio2 
TAilo2o23 
Fe 2o3 FeO 
 
MnO 
 
MgO 
 
CaO 
Na 2o 
K20 
 
P2o5 
 
s 
 
(total) 
 
c 
 
(org.) 
 
HC02o2 - 
H2o+ 
 
Ignition 
 
loss 
 
Total 
 
Mineralogy Mineral 
Quartz Feldspar Carbonate 11ica Chlorite- 
vermiculite Montmorillonite 
Others 
Total 
 
volume % 
 
Analyst 
 
Date 
 
~1ethod 
 
Sample Location Data: 
 
County Floyd. 
 
Land Lot 
 
Sec. 
 
Dist. 
 
7 1/2' topo quad. ----------------------- Lat. 
 
Field No. 51. 
 
Collected by J.W.Smith ? 
 
Long. Date c. 1963. 
 
Sample Method Grab (?), 
 
Weathering/alteration 
 
Structural Attitude 
 
Stratigraphic Assignment Floyd Shale (Mississippian). 
 
Sample Description & Comments No further data available. 
 
Comp i 1ed by __B_:.__J...;.__o__' C;..o.;;.;n;;.n;;.o.;...r;;....._________ Date 5-1-84 
 
-165- 
 
 CERAMIC TESTS AND ANALYSES 
 
Material Shale (Floyd). 
 
Compilation Map Location No. Fl.64-7 
 
County Floyd. Raw Properties: 
 
Sample Number ~5~2~----------- 
Lab & No. USBM, Norris, Tenn.; No. 1554-X. 
 
Date Reported 5-8-64 
 
Ceramist M. V. Denny, USBM (revised by M. E. 
 
(revi sed 1967) 
 
Tyrrell, Tuscaloosa, Ala.) 
 
Water of Plasticity 
 
23.6 %Working Properties (Low plasticity) Short 
 
worki ng, smooth, plastic. pH 5.92 (Not effervescent with HCL) 
 
Color Dark gray. Drying Shrinkage ------~4~.0~% Dry Strength (Low.) Good. 
 
Remarks Drying Characteristics: Good, color slightly uneven. (No defects.) 
 
Slow Firing Tests: 
 
Temp. OF 
(oC) 
 
Color 
 
1800 
 
Flesh, 
 
(982) mottled 
 
1900 
 
Flesh, 
 
(1038) mottled 
 
2000 
 
Flesh, 
 
(1093) brown 
 
2100 
 
Light 
 
(1149) gray 
 
2200 
 
Light 
 
(1204) gray 
 
2300 
 
Light 
 
(1260) gray 
 
Hardness 
 
Linear 
 
Absorption 
 
(Mohs ') Shrinkage, % 
 
% 
 
Fair hard (3) 
 
2.5(5.0) 
 
Hard 
 
5.0 
 
(4) 
 
Very hard (5) 
 
11.0 
 
Very hard (5) 
 
11.0 
 
Steel hard 12.5 (6) 
 
Steel hard 14.5 ( 6) (Expanded) 
 
25 .5 18.7 
9.9 6.7 2.9 2.9 
 
Appr. Por. % 
39.0 31.6 19.5 13.9 
6.3 
 
Other data: Bulk Dens. 
~/cc 
1.53 
1. 69 
1. 97 
2.07 
2. 17 
 
Potential Use: Face 
Preliminary Bloating (Quick Firing) Tests: Negative. Note: Appr.Por. and Bulk Dens. plus data and remarks in parentheses are from 1967 
revised data sheets by Tyrrell. 
 
-166- 
 
 locn. no. Fl.64-7 , cont. 
 
Crushing Characteristics (unfired material) 
 
Particle Size -20 mesh. Retention Time 15 m1n. draw trials (followin& 3-4 hr. to 1800F, 982 C). 
Chemical & Mineralogical Data: Not determined. 
 
Chemical Analysis 
 
Oxide 
 
Weight % 
 
SiOz 
 
TiOz 
 
Al Fe 
 
22oo33 
 
FeO 
 
MnO 
 
MgO 
 
CaO 
Na 2o 
KzO 
 
PzOs 
s c 
 
(total) (org.) 
 
COz 
H2o- 
H2o+ 
 
Ignition 
 
loss 
 
Total 
 
Mineralogy 1'1ineral 
Quartz Feldspar Carbonate Mica Chlorite- 
vermiculite Montmorillonite 
Others 
Total 
 
volume % 
 
Analyst 
 
Date 
 
Method --------------------------- 
Sample Location Data: 
 
- - - - County ___F_l_o~y_d_~------- Land Lot 
 
Sec. 
 
Dist. 
 
7 1/2' topo quad. --------------------. Lat. 
 
Long. 
 
Field No. 52. 
 
, Collected by J.W. Smith? 
 
--~--------------- 
 
Date c. 1963. 
 
Sample Method Grab (?). 
 
Weathering/alteration ------------- 
 
Structural Attitude ------------------------------------------------------- 
 
Stratigraphic Assignment Floyd Shale (Mississippian). 
 
Sample Description & Comments No further data available. 
 
Compiled by B. J. O'Connor 
 
Date 5-1-84 
 
--~--~----~-------------- 
 
-167- 
 
 CERAMIC TESTS AND ANALYSES 
 
Material ___S_h_a_l_e~(_F_l_o~y_d~)~ ------------------ Compilation Map Location No. Fl.64-8 
 
County 
 
Floyd. 
 
Raw Properties: 
 
Sample Number ~5~3~----------- 
Lab & No. USBM, Norris, Tenn.; No. 1554-Y. 
 
Date Reported 5-8-64 
 
Ceramist 
 
E. 
 
(revised 196 7) 
 
Water of Plasticity 
 
24.6 %Working 
 
worki ng , smooth, , l a stic. 
 
Color Gray. 
 
Dr ying Shrinkage - - -- - - 
 
Remarks Drying Characteristics: Good. (No defects.) 
 
Slow Firing Tests: 
 
Temp. OF 
(oC) 
 
Color 
 
Hardness 
 
Linear 
 
(Mohs 1 ) 
 
Shrinkage, % 
 
1800 
 
Tan 
 
(982) 
 
1900 
 
Tan 
 
Hard (4) Hard 
 
5.5(5.0) 8.5(8.0) 
 
(1038) 
 
(4) 
 
2000 
 
Light 
 
(1093) brown 
 
Very hard (5) 
 
10.0 
 
2100 
 
Chaco- 
 
0149) late 
 
Steel hard (6) 
 
14.0 
 
2200 
 
Dark 
 
Steel hard 15.0 
 
0204) brown 
 
(6) 
 
2300 
 
Dark 
 
Steel hard 
 
(1260) purple-brown (6) 
 
15.0 
 
Absorption % 23.2 19.8 15.3 7.5 6.3 3.5 
 
Appr. Por. % 36.9 33.5 27.8 15.5 13.0 7.6 
 
Other data: Bulk Dens. 
l. 59 
l. 69 
1. 82 
2.06 
2.07 
2.16 
 
Remarks / Other Tests (Should fire to "MW" face brick s ecifications at about 2050F, 1121 C. Abrupt vitrification. Shr i nkage high, color good; needs plastic addit i ve for stoneware and pottery use. Potential Use: (Face br ick; sewer pi pe.) Decorative brick and tile, flue tile. 
 
Preliminary Bloating (Quick Firing) Tests: Positive.(Negative.) 
 
Temp. OF 
(oC) 
 
Absorption Bulk Density 
 
% 
 
g/ cm3 lb/ft 3 
 
Remarks: Shaly crushing 
 
2000 
 
6. 6 
 
1. 96 
 
122 
 
Shal y bloat i ng. 
 
0093) 
 
2100 
 
8.2 
 
1.49 
 
93 
 
Irregular bloating. 
 
(1149) 
 
2200 
 
7.1 
 
1.49 
 
93 
 
Irregular bloating. 
 
0204) 
 
2300 
 
7.5 
 
l. 25 
 
78 
 
Irregular bloating. 
 
0260) 
 
Remarks Probably fair lightweight aggregate - a little heavy. 
 
Note: Appr.Por. and Bulk Dens. plus data and remarks in parentheses are from 1967 revised data sheets by Tyrrell. 
 
-168- 
 
 locn. no. Fl.64-8 , cont. 
 
Crushing Characteristics (unfired material) 
 
Particle Size -20 mesh. Retention Time 15 min. draw trials (followin~ 3-4 hr. to 1800F 982C). 
Chemical & Mineralogical Data: Not determined. 
 
Chemical Analysis 
 
Oxide 
 
Weight % 
 
Si02 
 
Ti02 
 
Al203 
 
Fe203 FeO 
 
MnO 
 
MgO 
 
CaO 
 
Na20 
 
K20 
 
P205 
s c 
 
(total) (org.) 
 
C02 
H2o- 
H2o+ 
 
Ignition 
 
loss 
 
Total 
 
Mineralogy Mineral 
Quartz Feldspar Carbonate Mica Chlorite- 
vermiculite Montmorillonite 
Others 
Total 
 
volume % 
 
Analyst 
 
Date 
 
Method --------------------------- 
Sample Location Data: 
 
County Floyd. 
 
Land Lot 
 
Sec. 
 
Dist. 
 
7 1I 2 ' t opo quad. -----------------------. Lat. 
 
Field No. 
 
53. 
 
, Collected by J.W. Smith ? 
 
----~-------------- 
 
Sample ~fethod Grab (?). 
 
Weathering/alteration 
 
Long. Date c. 1963. 
 
Structural Attitude ------------------------------------------------- 
Stratigraphic Assignment Floyd Shale (Mississippian). 
 
Sample Description & Comments No further data available. 
 
Compiled by B. J. O'Connor 
 
Date ----5---1---8-4----------- 
 
-169- 
 
 CERAMIC TESTS AND ANALYSES 
 
Material Shale (Lavender Mbr.). 
 
Compilation Map Location No. Fl.64-9 
 
County Floyd. Raw Properties: 
 
Sample Number --5-5-.-----------Lab & No. USBM, Norris, Tenn.; No. 1554-Z. 
 
Date Reported ~~5_-~8_-_6~4~~~--~ Ceramist M. V. Denny, USBM (revised by M. E. 
 
~(_r~e_v_i_s_e_d__1_9~6~7~)~-= 
 
Tyrrell, Tuscaloosa, Ala.) 
 
Water of Plasticity 
 
25.0 %Working Properties (Moderate lasticit .) Short 
 
workin , smooth , lastic. 
 
H = 5.39 Not effervescent with HCl. 
 
Color Light gray. Drying Shrinkage 4.5 4.0)% Dry Strength Good. (Fair.) 
 
Remarks Drying Characteristics: Good. Slight color variation. (No defects.) 
 
Slow Firing Tests: 
 
Temp. OF 
(oC) 
 
Color 
 
Hardness 
 
Linear 
 
Absorption 
 
(Mohs') Shrinkage, % 
 
% 
 
1800 
 
Flesh 
 
(982) 
 
1900 
 
Flesh 
 
(1038) 
 
2000 
 
Light 
 
(1093) brown 
 
2100 
 
Red-gray 
 
(1149) 
 
2200 
 
Gray 
 
(1204) 
 
2300 Light 
 
(1260) gray 
 
Fair hard 2.5(5.0) 
 
(3) 
 
Hard 5.5(5.0) 
 
(4) 
 
Very hard 10.0 
 
(5) 
 
Very hard 11.0 
 
(5) 
 
Steel hard 11.0 
 
(6) 
 
Steel hard 
 
5.5 
 
(6) 
 
(Expanded) 
 
24.3 19.2 10.2 
9.0 4.8 4.9 
 
Appr. Por. % 
37.4 31. 7 19.4 17.2 
9.5 
 
Other data: Bulk Dens. 
~m/cc 
1.54 
1. 65 
1. 90 
1. 91 
1. 98 
 
Remarks I Other Tests (Should fire to "MW" face brick specifications at about 
1950 F , 1066C.) Shrinka e hi h, fine color. With a lastic additive it would make a fine pottery and stoneware clay. Potential Use: Face brick.) Decorative brick and tile. 
 
Preliminary Bloating (Quick Firing) Tests: Positive.*(Negative.) 
 
Absorption % 
 
Bulk Density g/cm3 lb/ft3 
 
Remarks 
 
* Remarks ___T_e_m~p_e_r_a_t_u_r_e__d_f__b_l_o_a_t_i_n~g~t_o_o__h_i~gh~__f_o_r__l_i~g~h_t_w_e_i~g_h_t__a~g~g_r_e~g_a_t_e_.___________ 
Note: Appr.Por. and Bulk Dens. plus data and remarks in parentheses are from 1967 revised data sheets by Tyrrell. 
 
-170- 
 
 locn. no. Fl.64-9 , cont. 
 
Crushing Characteristics (unfired material) 
 
Particle Size -20 mesh. Retention Time 15 min. draw trials (followin g 3-4 hr. to 1800 6F 982C). 
Chemical & Mineralogical Data: Not detenui ned. 
 
Chemical Analysis 
 
Oxide 
 
Weight % 
 
SiOz 
 
TiOz 
Al 2o3 
Fe203 
 
FeO 
 
MnO 
 
MgO 
 
CaO 
Na 2o 
KzO 
 
PzOs 
s c 
 
(total) (org.) 
 
HCO2oz - 
H2o+ 
 
Ignition 
 
loss 
 
Total 
 
Mineralogy Mineral 
Quartz Feldspar Carbonate Mica Chlorite- 
vermiculite Montmorillonite 
Others 
Total 
 
volume % 
 
Analyst 
 
Date 
 
Method --------------------------- 
Sample Location Data: 
 
County Floyd. 
 
Land Lot 
 
Sec. 
 
Dist. 
 
7 1/2' topo quad. ------------------------ Lat. 
Field No. __..s;..s.;....;._ _ _ _ _ _ _ _, Co 11 ec ted by _....;.J..;"..;.w;..;;......;;;S~m;,;;;i;.;;;t;.;;;h;;.....;?__ 
 
Long  Date c. 1963. 
 
Sample Method Grab (?). 
 
Weathering/alteration --------------- 
 
Structural Attitude --------------------------------------------------------- 
Stratigraphic Assignment Lavender Shale Member, Ft. Payne Chert (Mississippian). 
 
Sample Description & Comments No further data available. 
 
-------------------- o__ Compiled by ___B....;.'_....;J...;.__ 'C..;.o..;.n....;...n;.o~r----------- Date 5-1-84 
 
-171- 
 
 CERAMIC TESTS AND ANALYSES 
 
Material Shale (Conasauga). 
 
Compilation Map Location No. Fl.64-10 
 
--------~------~~-------------- 
 
County 
 
Floyd. 
 
Sample Number --5-6-. ----------- 
 
Raw Properties: 
 
Lab & No. USBM, Norris, Tenn.; No. 1555-A. 
 
Date Reported 5-28-64 
 
Ceramist M. V. Denny, USBM (revised by M. E. 
 
(revised 1967) 
 
Tyrrell, Tuscaloosa, Ala.) Short 
 
Water of Plasticity 
 
27.9% Working Properties (Moderate plasticity.) 
 
workin, smooth, plastic. 
 
H = 6.71 (Not effervescent with HCl.) 
 
Remarks Drying Characteristics: Good. (No defects.) 
 
Slow Firing Tests: 
 
Temp. OF 
(oC) 
1800 (982) 
 
Color Tan 
 
Hardness 
 
Linear 
 
Absorption 
 
(Mohs') Shrinkage, % 
 
% 
 
Fair hard 
 
s.o 
 
24.2 
 
(3) 
 
Appr. Por. % 
40.4 
 
Other data: Bulk Dens. 
m/cc l. 67 
 
1900 
 
Tan 
 
(1038) 
 
Hard 
 
6.0 
 
(4) 
 
17.5 
 
32.2 
 
1. 84 
 
2000 
 
Light 
 
( 1093) brown 
 
Very hard 
(5) 
 
10.0 
 
10.6 
 
21.7 
 
2.05 
 
2100 
 
Brown 
 
( 1149) 
 
Very hard ( 5) 
 
15.0 
 
8.2 
 
17.5 
 
2.14 
 
2200 
 
Red- 
 
(1204) brown 
 
Steel hard 15.0 (6) 
 
4. 7 
 
10.3 
 
2.20 
 
2300 
 
Dark 
 
0260) brown 
 
Steel hard 15.0 (6) 
 
2.1 
 
4.8 
 
2.27 
 
Remarks I Other Tests 
 
fire to 11 SW11 face brick specifications at about 
 
2100F, 1149C). 
 
firin shrinkage. Good color. Potential Use: (Face 
 
brick; sewer pipe. Good tile or brick if quartz added to reduce shrinkage. 
 
Preliminarl Bl.oat ing (guick Firing) Tests: Negative. 
 
Note: Appr. Por. and Bulk Dens. plus data and remarks 1n parentheses are from 1967 revised data sheets by Tyrrell. 
 
-172- 
 
 locn. no. Fl. 64-10 , cont. 
 
Crushing Characteristics (unfired material) 
 
Particl ~ Size -20 mesh. Retention Time 15 nnn. draw trials (followin g 3-4 hr. to 
~1~80~0~8r.F~,~9~8~2~5 ~c')-.------------~---------- 
 
Chemical & Mineralogical Data: 
' 
 
Chemical Analysis 
 
Oxide 
 
Weight % 
 
Si02 
 
Ti02 
 
Al203 
 
Fe203 FeO 
 
HnO 
 
MgO 
 
CnO 
Na 2o 
KzO 
 
PzOs 
s c 
 
(total) (org.) 
 
COz 
nH22oo+- 
 
Ignition 
 
loss 
 
Total 
 
Not determined. 
Mineralogy Mineral 
Quartz Feldspar Carbonate Mica Chlorite- 
vermiculite Montmorillonite 
Others 
Total 
 
volume % 
 
Analyst 
 
Date 
 
Heth od 
 
Sample Location Data: 
 
County Floyd. 
 
Land Lot 
 
Sec. 
 
Dist. 
 
7 l/2' topo quad. -----------------------. Lat. 
 
Long . 
 
Field No. ---5-6-.---------------, Collected by J.W. Smith? 
 
Date c. 1963. 
 
Sample f1ethod Grab (?). 
 
Weathering/alteration - - ----------- 
 
Structural Attitude 
 
Stratigraphic Assignment Conasauga Group (Cambrian). 
Sample Description & Comments No further data available. 
 
Compiled by B. J. O'Connor 
 
Date 5-1-84 
--~~~--------- 
 
-173- 
 
 CERAMIC TESTS AND ANALYSES 
 
Material Shale (Conasauga). 
 
Compilation Map Location No. Fl.64-11 
 
County Floyd. Raw Properties: 
 
Sample Number ---5-7-.----------- 
Lab & No. USBM, Norris, Tenn.; No. 1555-B. 
 
Oat~ Reported 5-28-64 
 
Ceramist M. V. De nny, USBM (revised b y M. E. 
 
(revised 1967) 
 
Tyrrell , Tuscaloosa, Ala.) 
 
Water of Plasticity 
 
22.2% Working Propert i es ( Low plastici ty .) Short 
 
working, smooth, plastic. pH= 6.0. (Not e ffe rvescent with HC l .) 
 
Color Gray-brown. Drying Shrinkage -----'-5-.0-% Dr y St re ng th Good . ( Lo w. ) 
 
Remarks Drying Characteristics: Good. (No defects.) 
 
Slow Firing Tests: 
 
Color 
 
1800 
 
Tan 
 
(982) 
 
Hardness 
 
Linear 
 
Absorption 
 
(Mohs') Shrinkage, % 
 
% 
 
Fair hard 5.5(5.0) (3) 
 
16.5 
 
Appr. Por. % 
29.9 
 
Other data: Bulk Dens . 
m/cc 1. 81 
 
1900 
 
Tan 
 
(1038) 
 
Fair hard 5.5(5.0) 
(3) 
 
16.2 
 
30.0 
 
1. 85 
 
2000 
 
Light 
 
(1093) brown 
 
Hard (4) 
 
9.5(9.0) 
 
11.8 
 
23.6 
 
2.00 
 
2100 
 
Brown 
 
(1149) 
 
Hard (4) 
 
9.5(9.0) 
 
10.5 
 
21.5 
 
2.05 
 
2200 
 
Choco- 
 
(1204) late 
 
Very hard 9.5(9.0) (5) 
 
7.4 
 
15.6 
 
2.11 
 
2300 Black(1260) brown 
 
Steel hard 12.5 (6) 
 
3.2 
 
7.0 
 
2.20 
 
Remarks / Other Tests (Should fire to "SW" face bric k specifications about 2150F, 1177C). Good color, shrinka ge slightly high. Po te ntial Use: (Face brick ; sewer pipe.) Ti le and bri c k. 
 
Preliminary Bloating (Quick Firing) Tests: Negative. 
 
Note: Appr. Por. a nd nulk Dens. plus data and remarks i[l parentheses are from 1967 nv i.~H~d data sheets by Tyrrell. 
 
-174- 
 
 locn. no. Fl.64-ll , cont. 
 
Cru~hing Characteristics (unfired material) 
 
Particle Size -20 mesh. Retention Time 15 min. draw trials (following 3-4 hr. to 1800 6 F, 982 6 C). 
Chemical & Mineralogical Data: Not determined. 
 
Chemical Analysis 
 
Oxide 
 
Weight % 
 
Si02 
 
Ti02 
 
Al203 
 
Fe 203 FeO 
 
MnO 
 
MgO 
 
CaO 
 
Na20 
 
K20 
 
P2os 
 
s 
 
(total) 
 
c 
 
(org.) 
 
C02 
n2o- 
H2o+ 
 
Ignition 
 
loss 
 
Total 
 
Mineralogy Mineral 
Quartz Feldspar Carbonate Mica Chlorite- 
vermiculite Montmorillonite 
Others 
Total 
 
volume % 
 
Analyst 
 
Date 
 
Method ---------------------------- 
Sample Location Data: 
 
County Floyd. 
 
Land Lot 
 
Sec. 
 
Dist. 
 
7 1/2' topo quad. -------------------------. Lat. 
 
Long. 
 
Field 
 
No. 
 
57. 
 
, 
 
--~~-------------- 
 
Collected 
 
by 
 
J.W. 
 
Smith ? 
 
Date c. 1963. 
 
Sample Method Grab (?). 
 
Weathering/alteration -------------- 
 
Structural Attitude --------------------------------------------------------- 
 
Stratigraphic Assignment Conasauga Group (Cambrian). 
 
Sample Description & Comments No further data available. 
 
Compiled hy B. J. O'Connor 
 
Date 5-1-84 
 
-175- 
 
 CERAMIC TESTS AND ANALYSES 
 
Material ___S_h_a_l~e~(~C_o_n_a_s_a_ug~a~)~-------------- Compilation Map Location No. Fl.64-12 
 
County 
 
Floyd. 
 
Raw Properties: 
 
Sample Number ~5~8~----------Lab & No. USBM, Norris, Tenn.; No. 1555-C 
 
Date Reported 
 
5-28-64 
 
Ceramist M. V. Denny, USBM (revised by M. E. 
 
(revised 1967) 
 
T rrell, Tuscaloosa, Ala.) 
 
Water of Plasticity 
 
27.4% Working Properties Moderate plasticity.) Short 
 
workin , smooth, lastic. 
 
H 9.10 (Not effervescent with HCl.) 
 
Remarks Drying Characteristics: Good. (No defects.) Slow Firing Tests: 
 
Temp. OF 
(oC) 
1800 (982) 
 
Color Tan 
 
Hardness 
 
Linear 
 
Absorption 
 
(Mohs') Shrinkage, % 
 
% 
 
Fair hard 
 
5.0 
 
(3) 
 
22.7 
 
Appr. Por. % 
38.1 
 
Other data: Bulk Dens. 
m/ct 1.68 
 
1900 
 
Tan 
 
(1038) 
 
Hard 
 
7.5 
 
(4) 
 
18.0 
 
32.8 
 
1. 82 
 
2000 Medium brown Very 
 
(1093) (Brown) 
 
hard (5) 
 
10.0 
 
11.6 
 
23.4 
 
2.02 
 
2100 
 
Brown 
 
(1149) 
 
Very hard (5) 
 
12.5 
 
9.5 
 
19.9 
 
2.09 
 
2200 
 
Chocolate 
 
(1204) 
 
Steel hard (6) 
 
12.5 
 
6.2 
 
13.5 
 
2.17 
 
2300 Black-brown Steel (1260) (Dark brown) hard (6) 
 
12.5 
 
3.2 
 
7.2 
 
2.26 
 
Remarks / Other Tests (Should fire to "SW" face brick s ecifications at about 2150F, ll77C.) Hi~h firin~ shrinka~e. Good color. Potential Use: Face brick; sewer 12i12e.) Brick and tile if g,uartz added td lower shrinkage. 
 
Preliminary Bloating (Quick Firing) Tests: Negative. 
 
Note: Appr.Por. and Bulk Dens. plus data and remarks in parentheses are from 1967 revised data sheets by Tyrrell. 
 
-176- 
 
 locn. no. Fl;64-12 , cont. 
 
Crushing Characteristics (unfired material) 
 
Particle Size -20 mesh. Retention Time 15 min. drm.,. trials (following 3-4 hr. to 1800 6 F , 982 5 C). 
Chemical & Mineralogical Data: Not determined. 
 
Chemical Analysis 
 
Oxide 
 
Weight % 
 
Si02 
 
TAil 02 o2 3 
Fe203 FeO 
 
MnO 
 
MgO 
 
CaO 
 
Na20 
 
K20 
PzOs 
s c 
 
(total) (org.) 
 
C02 
nH22oo+- 
 
Ignition 
 
loss 
 
Total 
 
Mineralogy Mineral 
Quartz Feldspar Carbonate Mica Chlorite- 
vermiculite Montmorillonite 
Others 
Total 
 
volume % 
 
Analyst 
 
Date 
 
Uethod --------------------------- 
Sample Location Data: 
 
County Floyd. 
 
Land Lot 
 
Sec. 
 
Dist. 
 
7 1/2 1 topo quad. -----------------------. Lat. 
 
Field No. ---5-8-.---------------, Collected by J.W. Smith ? 
 
Sample Method Grab (?). 
 
Weathering/alteration 
 
Long . Date c. 1963. 
 
Structural Attitude 
 
Stratigraphic Assignment Conasauga Group (Cambrian). 
 
Sample Description & Comments No further data available. 
 
Compiled by B. J. O'Connor 
 
Date 5-1-84 
 
-177- 
 
 CERAMIC TESTS AND ANALYSES 
 
Material Shale (Conasauga). 
 
Compilation Map Location No. Fl.64-13 
 
--------~------~~-------------- 
 
County 
 
Floyd. 
 
Sample Number ~5~9~ ----------- 
 
Raw Properties: 
 
Lab & No. USBM, #orris, Tenn.; No. 15~5 ....D. 
 
Date Reported 5-28-64 
 
Ceramist M. v, l)enny, USBM (revised by M. E. 
 
(revised 1967) 
 
Tyrrell, Tuscaloosa , Ala.) 
 
Water of Plasticity 
 
24.4 %Working Properties (Moderate plasticity.) Short 
 
workin , smooth , lastic. H = 8.02 (Sli ht effervescence wit h HCl.) 
 
Color Gray. 
 
Drying Shrinkage 
 
5.0 % D~y Strength Good. Fair. 
 
Remarks Drying Characteristics: Fair; slight warping and cracking. (No defects.) 
 
Slow Firing Tests: 
 
Color 
 
1800 
 
Tan 
 
(982) 
 
Hardness 
 
Linear 
 
Absorption 
 
(Mohs') Shrinkage, % 
 
% 
 
Fair hard 
 
9.0 
 
(3) 
 
12.9 
 
Appr. Por. % 
24.4 
 
Other data: Bulk Dens. 
m/cc 1.89 
 
1900 
 
Light 
 
(1038) brown 
 
Hard (4) 
 
9.5(9.0) 
 
9.1 
 
18.4 
 
2.02 
 
2000 
 
Brown 
 
Very 
 
10.5(10.0) 
 
4.5 
 
(1093) 
 
hard (5) 
 
9.8 
 
2.17 
 
2l00 
 
Brown 
 
Very 
 
10. 5(10. 0) 
 
3.3 
 
( 1149) 
 
hard (5) 
 
7.2 
 
2.18 
 
2200 
 
Dark 
 
Steel 10. 5(10. 0) 
 
1.5 
 
(1204) brown 
 
hard (6) 
 
3.3 
 
2.22 
 
2300 
 
Brownish- Steel hard 10.0 
 
i.2 
 
(1260) black 
 
(Expanded) 
 
Remarks I Other Tests (Probably limy.) Fair color, high shrinkage, some surface 
cracks. Potential Use: None. (No t suitable for use in vitreous clay products.) 
 
Preliminary Bloating (Quick Firing) Tests: Negative. 
 
Note: Appr.Por. and Bulk Dens. plus data and remarks 1n parentheses are from 1967 revised data sheets by Tyrrell. 
 
-178- 
 
 locn. no. Fl.64-13 , cont. 
 
Crushing Characteristics (unfired material) 
 
Particle Size 
 
-20 mesh. 
 
Retention Time 
 
15 m1n. 
 
' 
draw trials 
 
(following 3-4 hr. 
 
~o 
 
1800F , 982C). 
 
Chemical & Mineralogical Data: Not determined. 
 
Chemical Analysis 
 
Oxide 
 
Weight % 
 
Si02 
 
Ti02 
 
Al203 
 
Fe203 FeO 
 
MnO 
 
MgO 
 
CaO 
 
Na20 
 
K20 
 
P205 
s c 
 
(total) (org.) 
 
C02 
Hn22oo+- 
 
Ignition 
 
loss 
 
Total 
 
Mineralogy 
~1ineral 
Quartz Feldspar Carbonate Mica Chlorite- 
vermiculite Montmorillonite 
Others 
Total 
 
volume % 
 
Analyst 
 
Date 
 
Method 
 
Sample Location Data: 
 
County Floyd. 
 
Land Lot 
 
Sec. 
 
Dist. 
 
7 1/2' topo quad. ----------------------- Lat. 
 
Long. 
 
Field No. ---5-9-.---------------, Collected by J.W. Smith ? 
 
Date c. 1963. 
 
Sample Method Grab (?). 
 
Weathering/alteration -------------- 
 
Structural Attitude --------------------------------------------------------- 
 
Stratigraphic Assignment Conasauga Group (Cambrian). 
 
Sample Description & Comments No further data available. 
 
Compiled by B. J. O'Connor --~--~----~~~--- 
 
Date 5-1-84 
 
-179- 
 
 CERAMIC TESTS AND ANALYSES 
 
Material --~S_h~a~l~e~(~C~o~n~a~s~a~ug~a~)~-------------- Compilation Map Location No. Fl.64-14 
 
County 
 
Floyd. 
 
Raw Properties: 
 
Sample Number ---6-0-. ---------- 
Lab & No. US~M, Norris, Tenn.; No. 1555-E. 
 
Date Reported 5-28-64 
 
Ceramist M. V. Denny! USBM (revised by M. E. 
 
(revised 1967) 
 
Tyrrell! Tuscaloosa, Ala.) 
 
Water of Plasticity 
 
27.8% Working Propertie s (Moderate plasticity.) Short 
 
workin , smooth, lastic. 
 
H = 6.1 9 (Not effervescent with HCl.) 
 
Color Red-gray. Drying Shrinkage 7.5 5.0)% llry Strength --=F~a:..i=:..r..:~--------- 
 
Remarks Drying characteristics: Good. (No defects.) 
 
Slow Firing Tests: 
 
Color 
 
1800 
 
Tan 
 
(982) 
 
Hardness 
 
Linear 
 
Absorption 
 
(Mohs') Shrinkage, % 
 
% 
 
Fair hard 5.5(5.0) 
(3) 
 
17.6 
 
Appr. Por. % 
31.7 
 
Other data: Bulk Dens. 
m/cc 1.80 
 
1900 
 
Tan 
 
(1038) 
 
Hard (4) 
 
10.0 
 
14.6 
 
27.4 
 
1. 88 
 
2000 
 
Light 
 
(1093) brown 
 
Very hard 
(5) 
 
12.5 
 
8.2 
 
17.5 
 
2.13 
 
2100 
 
Brown 
 
( 1149) 
 
Very hard 
(5) 
 
15.0 
 
5.7 
 
12.7 
 
2.22 
 
2200 
 
Choco- 
 
Steel hard 14.5(15.0) 
 
2.8 
 
(1204) late 
 
(6) 
 
6.4 
 
2.30 
 
2300 
 
Black- 
 
Steel hard 14.5(15.0) 
 
1.9 
 
(1260) brown 
 
(6) 
 
4.4 
 
2.30 
 
Remarks I Other Tests (Should fire to "SW" face brick specifications at about 
2000F 1093C). Hi h firing shrinkage . Good color. Potent i al Use: (Face brick; sewer pipe. Brick and tile if shrinkage lo~ere d. 
 
Preliminary Bloating (Quick Firing) Tests: Negative. 
 
Note: Appr.Por. and Bulk Dens. plus data and remarks in parentheses are from 1967 revised data sheets by Tyrrell. 
 
-180- 
 
 locn. no. Fl.64-14 , cont. 
 
- - - -- Crushing Characteristics (unfired material) 
Particle Size -20 mesh. Retention Time 15 min. draw trials (following 3-4 hr. to 1800 6 F 982 6 C). 
Chemical &Mineralogical Data: Not determined . 
 
Chemical Analysis 
 
Oxide 
 
Weight % 
 
SiOz 
 
TiOz 
 
AI 
Fe 
 
22oo33 
 
FeD 
 
MnO 
 
MgO 
 
CaO 
Na 2o 
KzO 
 
Pz05 
 
S 
 
(total) 
 
C 
 
(org.) 
 
COz 
H2o- 
H2o+ 
 
Ignition 
 
loss 
 
Total 
 
Mineralogy Mineral 
Quartz Feldspar Carbonate Mica Chlorite- 
vermiculite Montmorillonite 
Others 
Total 
 
volume i. 
 
Analyst 
 
Date 
 
Method ------------------ 
Sample Location Data: 
 
- - - - County __F_l_o.y._d_.____ Land Lot 
 
Sec. 
 
Dist. 
 
7 1/2' topo quad. -------------------. Lat. 
 
Field No. 
 
60. 
 
, 
 
-~~------------ 
 
Collected 
 
by 
 
J .w. Smith ? 
 
Long . Date c. 1963. 
 
Sample Method Grab (?). 
 
----------- Weathering/alteration 
 
Structural Attitude --------~---------------------------------------- 
Stratigraphic Assignment ___c_o_n_a_s_a_u~g~a--G_r_o_u~p~(~C~a~m~b_r_i~a~n~)~---------------- 
 
Sample Description & Comments No further data available. 
 
----------------------- Compiled by B. J. O'Connor 
 
Date 5-1-84 
--~~------------- 
 
-181- 
 
 CERAMIC TESTS AND ANALYSES 
 
Material Shale (Conasauga). 
 
Compilation Map Location No. Fl.64-15 
 
County Floyd. Raw Properties: 
 
Samp+e Number ___6_1~--------- 
Lab & No. USBM, Norris, Tenn.; No. 1555-F. 
 
Date Reported 5-28-64 
 
Ceramist M. V. Denny, USBM (revised by M. E. 
 
(revised 1967) 
 
T rrell, scaloosa, Ala . ) 
 
Water of Plasticity 
 
23.4 %Working Properties Moderate plasticity.) Long 
 
working, plastic, smooth, fatty. pH 8. 72 (Slight effervescence with HCl.) 
 
Color Gray-b rown. Drying Shrinkage 
 
7.5 %Dry S~rength Good. (Fair.) 
 
Remarks Dr~in~ Characteristics: Good 1 sli~htlx uneven. (No defects.) Slow Firin& Tests: 
 
Temp. OF 
cc> 
 
Color 
 
Hardness (Mobs') 
 
Linear 
 
Absorption 
 
Shrinkage, % 
 
% 
 
Appr. Por. % 
 
Other data: Bulk Dens. 
 
1800 
 
Tan 
 
Fair hard 
 
10.0 
 
8.1 
 
(982) 
 
(3) 
 
1900 
 
Tan 
 
Hard 
 
10.0 
 
4.4 
 
(1038) 
 
(4) 
 
2000 
 
Brown 
 
Very hard 
 
15.0 
 
1.0 
 
(1093) 
 
(5) 
 
2100 Chocolate Very hard 
 
15.0 
 
0.4 
 
( 1149) 
 
(Expanded) 
 
2200 Dark brown Steel hard 11.0 
 
0.2 
 
(1204) 
 
2300 Gray-black Steel hard 10.0 
 
o. 7 
 
(1260) 
 
16.4 4.4 1.0 
 
2.03 2.17 2.33 
 
Remarks Other Tests (Limy.) Contains approx. 2% CaC03. Fair color, slight crackin , hi h shrinka e.) Potential Use: (Not suitable for use in vitreous cla products. Possible additive to low shrinkage, high absorption clay. 
 
Preliminar.x Bloating (Quick Firing) Tests: Positive. 
 
Temp. OF 
coc> 
 
Absorption % 
 
1900 (1038) 
2000 (1093) 
2100 0149) 
2200 (1204) 
2300 0260) 
 
7.9 2.1 0.84 0.90 1. 21 
 
Bulk Density 
 
Remarks 
 
g/cm3 lb/ft3 2.45 153 
 
(No expansion.) S' haly. 
 
1. 55 
 
97 
 
(Slight expansion.) Shaly-blisters. 
 
1.41 
 
88 
 
(Slight e~pansion.) Shaly-blisters. 
 
l. 21 1. 01 
 
76(75.5) 63 
 
(Slight exp~Jnsion.) Layering bloating, dark. 
(Fair expansion.) Layering bloating, (dark. 
 
Remarks (Marginal material for lightweight aggregate [refractory.]) Test in rotar kiln. 
 
Note: Appr.Por. and Rulk Dens. plus data and remarks in parentheses are from 1967 revised data sheets by Tyrrell. 
 
-182- 
 
 locn. no. Fl.64-15 , cont. 
 
Crushing Characteristics (unfired material) 
 
Particle Size -20 mesh. Retention Time 15 min. draw trials (following 3-4 hr. to 1800 6 F, 982 6 C). 
Chemical & Mineralogical Data: Not determined. 
 
Chemical Analysis 
 
Oxide 
 
Weight % 
 
SiOz 
 
TiOz 
 
Al Fe 
 
22oo33 
 
FeO 
 
MnO 
 
MgO 
 
CaO 
Na 2 o 
KzO 
 
Pz05 
s c 
 
(total) (org.) 
 
HC202o- 
H2o+ 
 
Ignition 
 
loss 
 
Total 
 
Mineralogy Mineral 
Quartz Feldspar Carbonate Mica Chlorite- 
vermiculite Montmorillonite 
Others 
Total 
 
volume % 
 
Analyst 
 
Date 
 
Method --------------------------- 
Sample Location Data: 
 
County __F_l_o~y_d_.__________ Land Lot 
 
Sec. 
 
Dist. 
 
7 1/2' tapa quad. ----------------------- Lat. 
 
Long. 
 
Field No. 61. 
 
, Collected by J.W. Smith ? 
 
--~~-------------- 
 
Date c. 1963. 
 
Sample Method Grab (?). 
 
Weathering/alteration ------- 
 
Structural Attitude -------------------------------------------------------- 
Stratigraphic Assignment Conasauga Group (Cambrian). 
 
Sample Description & Comments No further data available. 
 
Compiled by --~B~~J~~o~'~C~o~n~n~o~r~---------- Date 5-1-84 
 
-183- 
 
 CERAMIC TESTS AND ANALYSES 
 
Material Shale (Conasauga). 
 
Compilation Map Location No. Fl.64-16 
 
County Floyd. Raw Properties: 
 
Sample Number ~6~2~----------Lab & No. USBM, Norris, Tenn.; No. 1555-G. 
 
Date Reported ,__5_-~2_8_-~6_4~~~--- Ceramist M. V, Denny, USBM (revised by M. E. 
 
(revised 1967) 
 
Tyrrell, Tuscaloosa, Ala.) 
 
Water of Plasticity 
 
27.8 %Working Properties (Moderate plasticity.) Long 
 
worki ng, plastic, smooth, fatty. 
 
pH 5.83 (Not effervescent with HCl.) 
 
---- - -- Color Light red. Drying Shrinkage 
 
5.0 %Dry Strength (Fair.) 
 
Remarks Dr in Characteristics: Good; sli ht surface crazin and scum. (No defects. 
 
Slow Firing Tests: 
 
Temp. OF 
(C) 
 
Color 
 
Hardness 
 
Linear 
 
Absorption 
 
(Mohs') Shrinkage, % 
 
% 
 
1800 
 
Tan 
 
Soft 
 
5.0 
 
22.1 
 
(982) 
 
(2) 
 
1900 
 
Tan 
 
(1038) 
 
Fair hard 
 
7.5 
 
(3) 
 
19.3 
 
2000 
 
Light 
 
(1093) brown 
 
Hard (4) 
 
10.0 
 
14.3 
 
2100 
 
Brown 
 
( 1149) 
 
Hard (4) 
 
12.5 
 
12.0 
 
2200 
 
Chaco- 
 
Very hard 12.5 
 
8.2 
 
0204) late 
 
(5) 
 
2300 Brown-black Steel 
 
12.5 
 
4. 2 
 
(1260) (Dark brown) hard (6) 
 
Remarks 2100F Use: 
 
Fair color, hi h Face brick; sewer ~i~e. 
 
Preliminary Bloating (Quick Firing) Tests: Neg~tive. 
 
Appr. Por. % 
36.9 33.6 27.3 23.5 17.1 
9.2 
 
Other data: Bulk Dens. 
m/cc 1. 67 
1. 74 
1. 91 
1. 96 
2.09 
2.20 
 
Note: Appr.Por. and Bulk Dens. plus data and remarks in parentheses are from 1967 revised data sheets by Tyrrell. 
 
-184- 
 
 locn. no. Fl.64-16 , cont. 
 
Crushing Characteristics (unfired material) 
 
Particle Size -20 me sh. Retention Time 15 min. draw trials (followi ng 3-4 hr. to 1800 6 F, 982 6 C). 
Chemical & Mineralogical Data: Not determined. 
 
Chemical Analysis 
 
Oxide 
 
Weight % 
 
SiOz 
 
TiOz 
 
Al Fe 
 
22oo33 
 
FeO 
 
MnO 
 
MgO 
 
CaO 
Na 2 o 
KzO 
 
PzOs 
s c 
 
(total) (org.) 
 
COz 
H2o- 
H2o+ 
 
Ignition 
 
loss 
 
Total 
 
Mineralogy Mineral 
Quartz Feldspar Carbonate Mica Chlorite- 
vermiculite Montmorillonite 
Others 
Total 
 
volume % 
 
Analyst 
 
Date 
 
Method 
 
Sample Location Data: 
 
County Floyd. 
 
Land Lot 
 
Sec. 
 
Dist. 
 
7 1/2' topo quad. -----------------------  Lat. 
 
Long. 
 
Field No. 62. 
 
, Collected by J.W. Smith? 
 
--~~-------------- 
 
Date c. 1963. 
 
Sample Method Grab (?). 
 
Weathering/alteration -------------- 
 
Structural Attitude 
 
Stratigraphic Assignment Conasauga Group (Cambrian). 
 
Sample Description & Comments No further data available. --~~~~~~~~~~~~-------------- 
 
Compiled by B. J. O'Connor 
 
Date --5~-~1-~8-4-------- 
 
-185- 
 
 CERAMIC TESTS AND ANALYSES 
 
Material Shale (Floyd). 
 
Compilation Map Location No. Fl.64-17 
 
County Floyd. 
 
Sample Number --'-7..;;0..;;._ _____ 
 
Raw Properties: 
 
Lab & No. USBM, Norris, Tenn.; No. 1555-0. 
 
Date Reported 5-28-64 (revised 196 7) 
 
Color Yellow. Remarks Drying Characteristics: 
 
Fair- small cracks. (No defects.) 
 
Slow Firing Tests: 
 
Temp. OF 
Cc) 
 
Color 
 
1800 
 
Tan 
 
(982) 
 
1900 
 
Tan 
 
(1038) 
 
2000 
 
Light 
 
(1093) brown 
 
2100 
 
Brown 
 
(1149) 
 
2200 
 
Dark 
 
(1204) brown 
 
2300 
 
Dark 
 
(1260) brown 
 
Hardness 
 
Linear 
 
Absorption 
 
(Mohs') Shrinkage, % 
 
% 
 
Fair hard 5.5(5.0) 
(3) 
 
Hard (4) 
 
10.0 
 
Hard (4) 
 
10.0 
 
Very hard 11.3(11.0) 
(5) 
 
Steel hard 
(5) 
 
12.5 
 
Steel hard 12.5 (Expanded) 
 
23.8 18.6 15.8 12.5 
7.9 8.3 
 
Appr. Por. % 
39.3 33.3 29.7 24.6 16.7 
 
Other data: Bulk Dens. 
gm/cc 1.65 
1. 79 
1.88 
1. 97 
2.11 
 
crazed surface. Potential 
Preliminary Bloating (Quick Firing) Tests: Negative. 
Note: App.Por. and Bulk ~ens. plus data and remarks in parentheses are from 1967 revised data sheets by Tyrrell. 
 
-186- 
 
 locn. no. Fl.64-17 , cont. 
 
Crushing Characteristics (unfired material) 
 
Particle Size -20 mesh. Retention Time 15. min. draw trials (following 3-4 hr. to 
1800F , 982C). Chemical & Mineralogical Data: Not determined. 
 
Chemical Analysis 
 
Oxide 
 
Weight % 
 
Si0 2 
 
Ti02 
 
Al203 Fe 203 FeO 
 
MnO 
MgO 
CaO 
Na 2o 
KzO 
PzOs 
s 
c 
 
(total) (org.) 
 
COz 
H2o- 
H2o+ 
Ignition loss 
Total 
 
Mineralogy Mineral 
Quartz Feldspar Carbonate Mica Chlorite- 
vermiculite Montmorillonite 
Others 
Total 
 
volume % 
 
Analyst ------------ 
Date ------ 
Method ------------------ 
Sample Location Data: 
 
County Floyd. 
 
Land Lot 
 
Sec. 
 
Dist. 
 
7 1/2' topo quad. --------------. Lat. 
 
Long. 
 
Field No. 70. 
 
, Collected by J.W. Smith ? 
 
--~~---------- 
 
Date c. 1963. 
 
Sample Method Grab (?). 
 
Weathering/alteration --------- 
 
Structural Attitude -------------------------------------------------- 
Stratigraphic Assignment ___F_l_o~y_d__S_h_a_l_e~(~M_i~s~s_i~s~s_i~p.pi~~a~n~)~-------------- 
 
Sample Description & Comments No further data available. 
 
Compiled by __..B;..~......J;.~ ......O;._' ..C.:..o.;...n;.;~n~o-r______ 
 
Date 5-1-84 
 
-187- 
 
 CERAMIC TESTS AND ANALYSES 
 
Material Shale (Floyd) 
 
Compilation Map Location No. Fl.64-18 
 
County Floyd. Raw Properties: 
 
Lab & No. 
 
Sample Number 71. ~-------------- 
USBM, Norris, Tenn.; No. 1555-P. 
 
Date Reported 5-28-64 
 
Ceramist 
 
(revised 1967) 
 
Water of Plasticity 
 
31.4% 
 
workin 
 
Color Orange. 
 
by M. E. 
 
Remarks Drying Characteristics: Good. (No defects.) 
 
Slow Firing Tests: 
 
Color 
 
1800 
 
Tan 
 
(982) 
 
Hardness (Mohs') 
Soft 
(2) 
 
Linear 
 
Absorption 
 
Shrinkage, % 
 
% 
 
5.0 
 
25.4 
 
Appr. Por. % 
41.1 
 
Other data: Bulk Dens. 
m/cc 1. 62 
 
1900 
 
Tan 
 
(1038) 
 
Fair hard 
 
7.5 
 
(3) 
 
22.7 
 
38.6 
 
1. 70 
 
2000 
 
Light brown Hard 
 
(1093) 
 
(4) 
 
10.0 
 
19.9 
 
35.2 
 
1. 77 
 
2100 
 
Brown 
 
( 1149) 
 
Hard (4) 
 
10.0 
 
16.6 
 
31.0 
 
1. 87 
 
2200 
 
Brown 
 
(1204) 
 
Very hard 
(5) 
 
12.5 
 
12.6 
 
25.1 
 
1.99 
 
2300 
 
Brown 
 
(1260) 
 
Very hard 12.0(12.5) 
(5) 
 
12.4 
 
24.7 
 
1.99 
 
Remarks I Other Tests (Should fire to "MW" face brick specifications at about 2200F, 
1204C). Color good; shrinkage and absorption high. Potential Use: (Face brick.) Addition of fine quartz would give a good brick or tile for inside use. 
 
Preliminary Bloating (Quick Firing) Tests: Negative. 
 
Note: Appr.Por. and Bulk Dens. plus data and remarks in parentheses are from 1967 revised data sheets by Tyrrell. 
 
-188- 
 
 locn. no. Fl.64-18 , cont. 
 
Crushing Characteristics (unfired material) 
 
Particle Size -20 mesh. Retention Time 15 min . draw trials (following 3-4 hr. to 180U 6 F 982 6 C) . 
Chemical 4 Mineralogical Data: Not determined. 
 
Chemical Analysis 
 
Oxide 
 
Weight % 
 
SiOz 
 
TiOz 
Al 2o3 
Fez03 
FeO 
 
MnO 
 
MgO 
 
CaO 
Na 2o 
KzO 
PzOs 
s c 
 
(total) (org.) 
 
COz 
Hn22oo+- 
 
Ignition 
 
loss 
 
Total 
 
Mineralogy Mineral 
Quartz Feldspar Carbonate Mica Chlorite- 
vermiculite Montmorillonite 
Others 
Total 
 
volume % 
 
Analyst 
 
Date 
 
Method 
 
Sample Location Data: 
 
County __F_l~o~y_d~ --------- Land Lot 
 
Sec. 
 
Dist. 
 
7 1/2' topo quad. -----------------------. Lat. 
 
Long . 
 
Field No. 71. 
 
, Collected by J .W. Smith ? 
 
--~~-------------- 
 
Date c. 1963. 
 
Sample Method Grab (?). 
 
Weathering/alteration --------------- 
 
Structural Attitude 
 
Stratigraphic Assignment Floyd Shale (Mississippian). 
 
Sample Description & Comments No further data available. 
 
Compiled by B. J. O'Connor 
 
Date 5-1-84 
 
-189- 
 
 CERAMIC TESTS AND ANALYSES 
 
Material Shale (Conasauga). 
 
Compilation Map Location No. Fl.64-19 
 
County Floyd. Raw Properties: 
 
Sample Number --7-2-. ----------- 
Lab & No. USBM, Norris, Tenn.; No. 1555-Q. 
 
Date Reported 5-28-64 
 
Ceramist M. V. Denny, USBM (revised by M. E. 
 
(revised 1967) 
 
Tyrrell , Tuscaloosa, Ala.) 
 
Water of Plasticity 
 
15.8% Working Properties (Low plasticity.) Short 
 
workin 
 
smooth. 
 
H = 7.85 (Sl i ght effervescence with HC1.) 
 
Remarks Drying Characteristics: Fair- crazing. (No defects.) 
 
Slow Firing Tests: 
 
Temp. OF 
(oC) 
1800 (982) 
 
Color Tan 
 
Hardness 
 
Linear 
 
Absorption 
 
(Mohs ') Shrinkage, % 
 
% 
 
Fair hard 
 
5.0 
 
(3) 
 
1.4.4 
 
Appr. Por. 
% 
27.1 
 
Other data: Bulk Dens. 
m/cc 1.88 
 
1900 
 
Brown 
 
(1038) 
 
Hard (4) 
 
5.5(5.0) 
 
9.8 
 
20.2 
 
2.06 
 
2000 
 
Light 
 
( 1093) brown 
 
Hard 
 
6.0 
 
(4) 
 
9.9 
 
20.4 
 
2.06 
 
2100 
 
Brown 
 
(1149) 
 
Very hard 
 
6.0 
 
(5) 
 
7.5 
 
16.0 
 
2.13 
 
2200 
 
Dark 
 
(1204) brown 
 
Steel hard 10.0 (6) 
 
4.8 
 
10.8 
 
2.24 
 
2300 
 
Dark 
 
Steel hard 10. 7(10.0) 
 
4.3 
 
(1260) brown 
 
(6) 
 
9.6 
 
2.24 
 
Remarks I Other Tests (Should fire to "SW" face brick seecifications at about 
2050F, 1121C, Might be liml.) Fair color, seotted surface. Potential Use: (Face brick.) Brick and tile if color not obj ec tionable. 
 
Preliminary Bloating (Quick Firing) Tests: Negative. 
 
Note: Appr.Por. and Bulk Dens. plus data and remarks in parentheses are from 1967 revised data sheets by Tyrrell  
 
.. 
 
-190- 
 
 locn. no. Fl.64-19 , cont. 
 
Crushing Characteristics (unf~red material) 
 
Particle Size -20 mesh. Retention Time 15 min. draw trials (following 3-4 hr. to 1800 8 F 982 6 C). 
Chemical & Mineralogical Data: Not dete rmined. 
 
Chemical Analysis 
 
Oxide 
 
Weight % 
 
Si02 
 
Ti02 
 
Al203 
 
Fe203 FeO 
 
l1n0 
 
MgO 
 
CaO 
 
Na20 
 
K20 
 
P205 
s c 
 
(total) (org.) 
 
C02 
H2o- 
H2o+ 
 
Ignition 
 
loss 
 
Total 
 
Mineralogy Mineral 
Quartz Felrlspar Carbonate Mica Chlorite- 
vermiculite Montmorillonite 
Others 
Total 
 
volume % 
 
Analyst 
 
Date 
 
Method --------------------------- 
Sample Location Data: 
 
County Floyd. 
 
Land Lot 
 
Sec. 
 
Dist. 
 
7 1/2' topo quad. ----------------------- Lat. 
 
Long. 
 
Field No. 72. 
 
, Collected by J .W. Smit/;1 ? 
 
----~------------~ 
 
Date c. 1963. 
 
Sample Method Grab (?). 
 
Weathering/alteration - - - - - -- - 
 
Structural Attitude 
 
Stratigraphic Assignment Conasauga Group (Cambrian). 
 
Sample Description & Comments No further data available. 
 
Compiled by B. J. O'Connor 
 
Date 5-1-84 
 
-----------~-------------- 
 
-191- 
 
 CERAMIC TESTS AND ANALYSES 
 
Material Shale (Floyd). County Floyd. Raw Properties: 
 
Lab & No. 
 
Compilation Map Location NQ 1 Fl.64-20 Sample Number 73. 
~------------- 
USBM, Norris, Tenn. ; No. 1555-R. 
 
Date Reported 5-28-64 
 
Ceramist 
 
(revised 1967) 
 
Water of Plast i city 
 
24. 6% 
 
workin lastic, smooth, fatt 
 
by M. E. 
 
Remarks Drying Characteristics: Good slight warping. (No defects.) 
 
Slow Firing Tests: 
 
Temp. OF 
(oC) 
 
Color 
 
Hardness 
 
Linear 
 
Absorption 
 
(Mohs') Shrinkage, % 
 
% 
 
1800 
 
Light 
 
Fair hard 
 
6.0 
 
(982) brown 
 
(3) 
 
13 . 5 
 
1900 
 
Light 
 
(1038) brown 
 
Hard (4) 
 
10.0 
 
11.5 
 
2000 
 
Light 
 
(1093) brown 
 
Hard (4) 
 
10.0 
 
11.0 
 
2100 
 
Brown 
 
Very hard 
 
15.0 
 
6.9 
 
( 1149) 
 
(5) 
 
2200 
 
Chaco- 
 
Steel hard 15.0 
 
3.7 
 
(1204) late 
 
(6) 
 
2300 
 
Dark 
 
Steel hard 15.0 
 
2.9 
 
(1260) brown 
 
(6) 
 
Remarks / Other Tests (Should 2050F 1121 C). Hi 
surface. 
 
Appr. Por. % 27. 4 24.0 23.3 15.7 8.9 7.0 
 
Other data: Bulk Dens. 
m/cc 2.03 
2.09 
2.12 
2.27 
2.41 
2.41 
 
Preliminary Bloatihg (Quick tiring) Tests: Negative. 
Note : Appr.Por. and Bulk Dens. plus data and remarks 1n parentheses are from 1967 revised data sheets by Tyrrell. 
 
-192- 
 
 locn. no. Fl.64-20 , cont. 
 
Crushing Characteristics (unfired material) 
 
Particle Size -20 mesh. Retention Time 15 min . draw trials (following 3-4 hr. to 1800 6}', 982 6 C). 
Chemical & Mineralogical Data: Not determined. 
 
Chemical Analysis 
 
Oxide 
 
Weight % 
 
SiOz 
 
TiOz 
 
Al Fe 
 
22oo33 
 
FeO 
 
MnO 
 
MgO 
 
CaO 
Na 2 o 
KzO 
 
Pz05 
s c 
 
(total) (org.) 
 
C02 
H2o- 
H2o+ 
 
Ignition 
 
loss 
 
Total 
 
Mineralogy Mineral 
Quartz Feldspar Carbonate Mica Chlorite- 
vermiculite Montmorillonite 
Others 
Total 
 
volume % 
 
Analyst 
 
Date 
 
Method ----------------------- 
Sample Location Data: 
 
County Floyd. 
 
- - - - Land Lot 
 
Sec. 
 
Dist. 
 
7 1/2' topo quad. -------------- Lat. 
 
Long. 
 
Field 
 
No. 
 
73. 
 
, 
 
--~~-------- 
 
Collected 
 
by 
 
J .w. Smith ? 
 
Date c. 1963. 
 
Sample Method Grab (?). 
 
Weathering/alteration ---------- 
 
Structural Attitude ------------------------------------------------ 
Stratigraphic Assignment --~F~l~o~y~d~S~h~a~l~e~~(M~i~s~s~i~s~s~i~p~P~;i~a~n~)~~-------------- 
 
Sample Description & Comments No further data available. 
 
Compiled by B. J. O'Connor 
 
Date 5-1-84 
 
----------~--~------ 
 
-193- 
 
 CERAMIC TESTS AND ANALYSES 
 
Material Shale (Floyd). 
 
Compilation Map Location No. Fl.64-21 
 
County Floyd. Raw Properties: 
 
Lab & No. 
 
Sample Number 74. ~~----------- 
USBM, Norris, Tenn.; No. 1555-S. 
 
Date Reported 5-28-64 
 
Ceramist M. V. Denny, USBM (revised by M.E. 
 
(revi sed 1967) 
 
Tyrr ell, Tuscaloosa, Ala.) 
 
Water of Plasticity 
 
25.4% Working Propert i es (Moderate lastic i t 
 
wo r kin lastic , smooth , fatt pH = 5.30 Not effe rvescent 
 
Color Buff. 
 
Dry i ng Shrinkage ----~5_._0 _~% Dr y Strength ___G_o_o_d_~----~ 
 
Remarks Drying Characteristics: Good. (No defects.) 
 
Slow Firing Tests: 
 
Temp. OF 
(oC) 
1800 (982) 
 
Color Tan 
 
Hardness 
 
Linear 
 
Absorption 
 
(Mohs') Shrinkage, % 
 
% 
 
Fa i r hard 
 
5. 0 
 
(3) 
 
21.0 
 
Appr. Por. % 
36.8 
 
Other data: Bulk Dens. 
/cc 1. 75 
 
1900 
 
Tan 
 
(1038) 
 
Hard 
 
5.5(5.0) 
 
19.1 
 
(4) 
 
33.4 
 
1. 75 
 
2000 
 
Tan 
 
(1093) 
 
Hard (4) 
 
5.5(5.0) 
 
18.5 
 
32.6 
 
1. 76 
 
2100 
 
Light 
 
Very Hard 
 
9.0 
 
( 1149) brown 
 
(5) 
 
15.3 
 
28.5 
 
1.86 
 
2200 
 
Brown 
 
Steel hard 10. 5(10. O) 
 
9.3 
 
0204) 
 
( 6) 
 
18.9 
 
2.03 
 
2300 
 
Brown 
 
Steel hard 10. 5(10. O) 
 
6.5 
 
(1260) 
 
(6) 
 
13.8 
 
2.12 
 
Remarks / Other Tests 2150F, ll77C) . Good co l or, Potential Use: (Face brick. 
 
at about h. 
 
Preliminarx Bloating (guick Firing) Tests: Negative. 
 
Note: Appr.Por. and Bulk Dens. plus data and remarks in parentheses are from 1967 revised data sheets by Tyrrell. 
 
-194- 
 
 locn. no. Fl.64-21 , cont. 
 
Crushing Characteristics (unfired material) 
 
Particle Size -20 mesh. Retention Time 15 min. draw trials (following 3-4 hr. to 18006 F, 982 6 C). 
Chemical & Mineralogical Data: Not dete r mined. 
 
Chemical Analysis 
 
Oxide 
 
Weight % 
 
SiOz 
 
TiOz 
 
Al Fe 
 
22oo33 
 
FeD 
 
MnO 
 
MgO 
 
CaD 
Na 2o 
K20 
 
P2o5 
s c 
 
(total) (org.) 
 
COz 
H2o- 
H2o+ 
 
Ignition 
 
loss 
 
Total 
 
Mineralogy Mineral 
Quartz Feldspar Carbonate Mica Chlorite- 
vermiculite Montmorillonite 
Others 
Total 
 
volume % 
 
Analyst 
 
Date 
 
Method --------------------------- 
Sample Location Data: 
 
County Floyd. 
 
Land Lot 
 
Sec. 
 
Dist. 
 
7 1/2' topo quad. ----------------------- Lat. 
 
Long. 
 
Field No. --7-4-.----------------, Collected by J. W. Smith ? 
 
Date c. 1963. 
 
Sample Method Grab (?). 
 
Weathering/alteration ------------ 
 
Structural Attitude 
 
Stratigraphic Assignment Floyd Shale (Mississippian). 
 
Sample Description & Comments No further data available. 
 
Compiled by B. J. O'Connor 
 
Date 5-1-84 
 
-195- 
 
 CERAMIC TESTS AND ANALYSES 
 
Material ___S_h_a_l_e__(_C_o_n_a_s_a_u~g~a~)_.______________ Compilation Map Location No. Fl.64-22 
 
County 
 
Floyd. 
 
Raw Properties: 
 
Sample Number --7-5-. ----------- 
Lab & No. USBM, Norris, Tenn.; No. 1555-T. 
 
Date Reported 5-28-64 
 
Ceramist 
 
(revised 1967) 
 
Water of Plasticity 
 
29.0% 
 
wo rkin plastic, 
 
Color Yelow. 
 
Drying 
 
by M. E. 
 
Remarks Drying Characteristics: Good, slight cracking (No defects.) 
 
Slow Firing Tests: 
 
Color 
 
1800 
 
Tan 
 
(982) 
 
Hardness (Mohs') 
Hard (4) 
 
Linear 
 
Absorption 
 
Shrinkage, % 
 
% 
 
9.5(9.0) 
 
18.9 
 
Appr. Por. % 
32.5 
 
Other data: Bulk Dens. 
gm/cc 1.72 
 
1900 
 
Tan 
 
(1038) 
 
Very hard 10. 5(10. 0) 
(5) 
 
13.3 
 
25.5 
 
1. 92 
 
2000 
 
Tan 
 
(1093) 
 
Very hard 
(5) 
 
11.0 
 
12.6 
 
24.6 
 
1. 95 
 
2100 
 
Light 
 
(1149) brown 
 
Steel hard 
(6) 
 
15.0 
 
8.0 
 
17.0 
 
2.12 
 
2200 
 
Brown 
 
(1204) 
 
Steel hard 
(6) 
 
17.5 
 
3.6 
 
8.2 
 
2.27 
 
2300 
 
Choco- 
 
Steel hard 17.5 
 
3.0 
 
(1260) late 
 
(Expanded) 
 
Remarks / Other Tests (Should fire to "MW" face brick s pe cifications at about 2000F, 1093C). Good color; too high shrinka~e. Potential Use: (Face brick.) Decorative or art pottery. 
 
Preliminary Bloating (Quick Firing) Tests: Negative. 
-Note: Appr.Por. and Bulk Den~. plus data and remarks in parentheses are from 1967 revised data sheets by Tyrrell. 
 
-196- 
 
 locn. no. Fl.64 - 22 , cont. 
 
Crushing Characteristics (unfired material) 
 
Particle Size -20 mesh. Retention Time 15 min. draw trials (following 3-4 hr. to 1800 6 F 982 6 C) . 
Chemical & Mineralogical Data: Not determined. 
 
Chemical Analysis 
 
Oxide 
 
Weight % 
 
Si0 2 
TFAelio22oo233 
FeO 
 
MnO 
 
MgO 
 
CaO 
Na2o 
K20 
P2o5 
s c 
 
(total) (org.) 
 
COz 
H2o- 
H2o+ 
 
Ignition 
 
loss 
 
Total 
 
Mineralogy Mineral 
Quartz Feldspar Carbonate Mica Chlorite- 
vermiculite Montmorillonite 
Others 
Total 
 
volume % 
 
Analyst -------------------------Date 
 
Method ------------------------- 
Sample Location Data: 
 
County __F~l~o~y_d~--------- Land Lot 
 
Sec. 
 
Dist. 
 
7 1/2' topo quad. ----------------------. Lat. 
 
Long. 
 
Field No. ---7-5-.---------------, Collected by J .W. Smith ? 
 
Date c. 1963. 
 
Sample Method ___G~r_a_b~( _? ~) ~ -- 
 
Weathering/alteration ------------- 
 
Structural Attitude 
------------------------------------------------~----------- 
Stratigraphic Assignment Conasauga Group (Cambrian). 
 
Sample Description & Comments No further data available. 
 
Compiled by B. J. O'Connor 
 
Date 5-1-84 
 
-~--~--~--~---------- 
 
-197- 
 
 CERAMIC TESTS AND ANALYSES 
 
_____ Materia1 __s_h_a...:..le;;.._(;:...C;..;o_n_a...:..s...:..a..;;;u~g.;;.a;:..);;....._______ Cotnpi1 at ion Map Location No . F1. 64-2 3 
 
County 
 
Floyd. 
 
Sample Number 95. _,..;....;.... 
 
Raw Properties: 
 
Lab & No. USBM, Norris, Tenn.; No. 1556-N. 
 
Date Reported 6-26-64 
 
Ceramist M. V. Denny, USBM (revised by M. E. 
 
(revised 1967) 
 
Tyrrell, Tuscaloosa, Ala.) 
 
Water of Plasticity 
 
27.0 %Working Properties (Moderate plasticity.) 
 
(pH= 5.5. Not effervescent with HCl.) 
 
---------- Color Tan. _..;;;,~;;....._----- Drying Shrinkage 6.0 
 
%Dry Strength (Fair.) 
 
Remarks (No drying defects.) 
 
Slow Firing Tests: 
 
Temp. OF 
<c) 
1800 (982) 
 
Color Tan 
 
Hardness 
 
Linear 
 
Absorption 
 
(Mobs') Shrinkage, % 
 
% 
 
Fair hard 
 
7.5 
 
16.2 
 
(3) 
 
Appr. Por. 
% 
30.3 
 
Other data: Bulk Dens. 
e/cc 1.87 
 
1900 
 
Tan 
 
(1038) 
 
Hard 
 
12.5 
 
(4) 
 
10.7 
 
21.9 
 
2.05 
 
2000 
 
Tan 
 
(1093) 
 
Hard 
 
15.0 
 
(4) 
 
8.0 
 
17.2 
 
2.15 
 
2100 
 
Light 
 
Very hard 
 
15.0 
 
( 1149) brown 
 
(5) 
 
6.3 
 
14.0 
 
2.22 
 
2200 
 
Brown 
 
Steel hard 
 
15.0 
 
(1204) 
 
(6) 
 
1.5 
 
3.6 
 
2.41 
 
2300 (1260) 
 
(Expanded) 
 
Remarks I Other Tests (Should fire to "SW" face btick s ecifications at about 
2oooF, 1093c. Hish firins shrinka~e. Potential Use: Face brick. 
 
Preliminary Bloating (Quick Firing) Tests: . Negative. 
 
Note: Appr.Por. and Bulk Dens. plus data and remarks in parentheses are from 1967 
 
- 
 
revised data 51heets by Tyrrell. 
 
-198- 
 
 locn. no. Fl.64-23 , cont. 
 
Crushing Characteristics (unfired material) 
Particle Size -20 mesh. Retention Time 15 m~n. draw trials (following 3-4 hr. to 1800 6 F, 982 6 C). 
Chemical & Mineralogical Data: Not determined. 
 
Chemical Analysis 
 
Oxide 
 
Weight % 
 
Si02 
 
Ti02 
 
Al203 
 
Fe203 
 
FeO 
 
MnO 
 
MgO 
 
CaO 
 
Na20 
 
K20 
 
P2o5 
s c 
 
(total) (org.) 
 
C02 
H2o- 
H2o+ 
 
Ignition 
 
loss 
 
Total 
 
Mineralogy Mineral 
Quartz Feldspar Carbonate Mica Chlorite- 
vermiculite Montmorillonite 
Others 
Total 
 
volume % 
 
Analyst 
 
Date 
 
Method ---------------------------- 
Sample Location Data: 
 
County ___F_l_o~y_d_.___________ Land Lot 
 
Sec. 
 
Dist. 
 
7 1/2' topo quad. ----------------------------. Lat. 
Field No. --9-5--. ----------------- Collected by J.H.Smith? 
 
Long. Date c. 1963. 
 
Sample Method Grab (?). 
 
Weathering/alteration ------------------ 
 
Structural Attitude -------------------------------------------------- 
 
Stratigraphic Assignment Conasauga Group (Cambrian). 
 
Sample Description & Comments No further data available. 
 
Compiled by H. J. O'Connor 
 
Date 5-1-84 
-------------------------- 
 
-199- 
 
 CERAMIC TESTS AND ANALYSES 
 
Material Clay/shale? 
 
Compilation Map Location No. Fl.67-l 
 
County Floyd. 
 
Sample Number .....1;....3;._6...;._ _ _ __.._ 
 
Raw Properties: 
 
Lab & No. USBM, Tuscaloosa, Ala.; No. G-9-1. 
 
Date Reported 1-11-67 
 
Ceramist 
 
~~~~-------- 
 
M. E. Tyrrell, USBM. 
 
Water of Plasticity 
 
23.9 % Working Properties Low plas t icity. 
 
pH =5.4. Not e ff ervescent with HCl . 
 
Color Orange. 
 
Drying Shrinkage 
 
2.5 % Dry Strength ~L..;.o.w..;...;.._ _ _ ____ 
 
Remarks No drying defects. 
 
Slow Firing Tests: 
 
Temp. OF 
(oC) 
1800 (982) 
 
Color Tan 
 
Hardness (Mohs') 
2 
 
Linear 
 
Absorption 
 
Shrinkage, % 
 
% 
 
2. 5 
 
24 .1 
 
Appr. Por . % 
37.8 
 
Other data: Bulk Dens. 
/cc 1. 57 
 
1900 
 
Light brown 3 
 
2.5 
 
(1038) 
 
17.7 
 
30.6 
 
1. 74 
 
2000 
 
Light brown 4 
 
2.5 
 
(1093) 
 
16.1 
 
29.0 
 
1. 80 
 
2100 
 
Red-brown 
 
5 
 
7.5 
 
(1149) 
 
12. 1 
 
23.4 
 
1. 93 
 
2200 
 
Dark brown 6 
 
7.5 
 
(1204) 
 
9.8 
 
19.7 
 
2.01 
 
2300 
 
Black 
 
7 
 
10.0 
 
(1260) 
 
4.3 
 
9.2 
 
2. 15 
 
Remarks I Other Tests Should fir e to "MU'' face brick sEecifications at about 
2100F (1149C) . Good color . Potential Use: Building brick. 
 
Preliminar~ Bloating (guick Firing) Tests: Ne gative. 
 
-200- 
 
 locn. no. Fl.67-l , cont. 
 
- - - - - - Crushing Characteristics (unfired material) 
Particle Size -20 mesh. Retention Time 15 min. draw trials (following 3-4 hr. to 1800 6F 9828C). 
Chemical & Mineralogical Data: Not dete r mined. 
 
Chemical Analysis 
 
Oxide 
 
Weight % 
 
SiOz 
 
TiOz 
 
AlzOJ 
 
Fe 2o3 FeO 
 
MnO 
 
MgO 
 
CaO 
Na 2o 
K20 
Pz05 
s c 
 
(total) (org.) 
 
COz 
 
HzO- 
 
HzO+ 
 
Ignition 
 
loss 
 
Total 
 
Mineralogy Mineral 
Quartz Feldspar Carbonate Mica Chlorite- 
vermiculite Montmorillonite 
Others 
Total 
 
volume % 
 
Analyst --------------------- 
Date ------ 
 
Method - - - - - - - - - - - - Sample Location Data: 
 
- - - - County _..;;F...l:..o;;.JyL...d;;....;.- - - - Land Lot 
 
Sec. 
 
Dist. --- 
 
7 1/2' topo quad. ----------------------- Lat. 
 
Long. 
 
Field No. 136. 
 
, Collected by 
 
--=~~------- 
 
J.W. 
 
Smith ? 
 
Date c. 1966. 
 
Sample Method Grab (?). 
 
Weathering/alteration ---------- 
 
Structural Attitude ---------------------------- 
Stratigraphic Assignment --------------------------- 
Sample Description & Comments No further data available. 
 
Compiled by -..:B~~J~~o~c~o~n~n~o~r_ _ _ ____ 
 
Date 5-1-84 
-~~~~------ 
 
-201- 
 
 CERAMIC TESTS AND ANALYSES 
 
Material Clay/shale? 
 
Compilation Map Location No. Fl.67-2 
 
County Floyd. Raw Properties: 
 
Sample 'Number -1-37.- -- - - 
Lab & No. USBM, Tuscaloosa, Aia. No. G-9-2. 
 
Date Reported 1-11-67. 
 
Ceramist M. E. tyrrell, USBM. 
 
----~~------ 
 
Water of Plasticity 
 
34.7 % Workibg Propertie~ Moderate plasticity. 
 
pH = 5.0. Not e f ferv es cent with HCl. 
 
Color Yellow. 
 
Drying Shrinkage 
 
5.0 % Dr y Str'ength Fa ir . .....;;...=;...;....._ _ __ 
 
Remarks No drying defects. 
 
Slow Firing Tests: 
 
Temp. OF 
(oC) 
1800 (982) 
 
Color Tan 
 
Hardness (Mohs') 
2 
 
Linear 
 
Absorption Appr. Por. 
 
Shrinkage, % 
 
% 
 
% 
 
5. 0 
 
32.4 
 
46.0 
 
Other data: Bulk Dens. 
Icc 
1.42 
 
1900 
 
Light brown 3 
 
10.0 
 
(1038) 
 
22. 7 
 
37.0 
 
1. 63 
 
2000 
 
Light brown 4 
 
12.5 
 
(1093) 
 
19.7 
 
33.5 
 
1. 70 
 
2100 
 
Red-brown 
 
5 
 
12.5 
 
(1149) 
 
15.5 
 
27.9 
 
l. 80 
 
2200 
 
Dark brown 6 
 
12.5 
 
(1204) 
 
12.5 
 
23.5 
 
1. 88 
 
2300 
 
Black 
 
7 
 
17.5 
 
(1260) 
 
4.3 
 
9.1 
 
2.12 
 
Remarks I Other Tests Should fire to 'MW" face brick specific at ions at about 
2200F (1204C). Fair color. Potential Use: nui1ding brick . 
 
Preliminarl:: Bloat in~ (Quick Fir in~) Tests': Ne~ative. 
 
-202- 
 
 locn. no. Fl.67-2 , cont. 
 
Crushing Characteristics (unfired material) 
 
Particle Size -20 mesh. Retention Time 15 min. draw trials (following 3-4 hr. to 1800 F , 982 6 C). 
Chemical & Mineralogical Data: Not determined. 
 
Chemical Analysis 
 
Oxide 
 
Weight % 
 
SiOz 
 
TiOz 
 
Al Fe 
 
22oo33 
 
FeO 
 
MnO 
 
MgO 
 
CaO 
Na 2o 
KzO 
 
P2os 
 
S 
 
(total) 
 
C 
 
(org.) 
 
COz 
H2o- 
H2o+ 
 
Ignition 
 
loss 
 
Total 
 
Mineralogy Mineral 
Quartz Feldspar Carbonate Mica Chlorite- 
vermiculite Montmorillonite 
Others 
Total 
 
volume % 
 
Analyst 
 
Date ------ 
Method --------------------- 
Sample Location Data: 
 
County ~F~l ~oy~d~~------- Land Lot 
 
Sec. 
 
Dist. 
 
7 1/2' topo quad. ---------------------- Lat. 
 
Long  
 
Field No. ---1-3-7-.---------------, Collected by J.W. Smith ? 
 
Date c. 1966. 
 
Sample Method Grab (?). 
 
Weathering/alteration ------- -- 
 
Structural Attitude ---------------------------------------------------- 
 
Stratigraphic Assignment -------------------------------------------- 
Sample Description & Comments No further data available. 
 
Compiled by B. J. O'Connor 
 
Date 5-1-84 
 
----------~~~---------- 
 
-203- 
 
 CERAMIC TESTS AND ANALYSES 
 
Material Clay/shale? 
 
Compilation Map Location No. Fl.67-3 
 
County 
 
Floyd. 
 
Raw Properties: 
 
Sample Number -1-39.- -- - - 
Lab & No. USBM, Tuscaloosa, Ala.; No. G-9-3. 
 
Date Reported 1-11-67. 
 
Ceramist M. E. Tyrrell, USBM. 
 
-~~~~------ 
 
Water of Plasticity 
 
21.4 %Working Properties Low plasticity. 
 
pH= 4.3. Not effervescent with HC1. 
 
Color Red. 
 
Drying Shrinkage 
 
2.5 %Dr y Strength ~L~o_w_. _ _____ 
 
Remarks No drying defects. 
 
Slow Firing Tests: 
 
Temp. OF 
(oC) 
 
Color 
 
Hardness 
 
Linear 
 
Absorption 
 
(Mohs') Shrinkage, % 
 
% 
 
1800 
 
Salmon 
 
2 
 
s.o 
 
l9. 2 
 
(982) 
 
1900 
 
Light brown 3 
 
7.5 
 
14.2 
 
(1038) 
 
2000 
 
Light brown 4 
 
10.0 
 
(1093) 
 
12. 7 
 
2100 
 
Red-brown 
 
5 
 
10.0 
 
11.0 
 
(1149) 
 
2200 
 
Dark brown 6 
 
10.0 
 
9.4 
 
(1204) 
 
2300 
 
Black 
 
7 
 
10.0 
 
4.3 
 
(1260) 
 
Remarks I Other Tests Should fire to "MW" face bri ck s 
2100F (1149C). Fair color. Potent~al Use: Build i n 
and quarry tile - see Extrusion Test data. 
 
Preliminar! Bloatin~ (Qui~k Firi.n ~ ) Tests: 
 
Negative. 
 
Appr. Por. % 33.0 26.6 24.4 21.8 19.0 9.3 
 
Other data: Bulk Dens. 
&!!Icc 
1.72 
l. 87 
l. 92 
1. 98 
2.02 
2.17 
 
-204- 
 
 Map Location No. Fl.67-3, cont. 
 
TUSCALOOSA METALLURGY RESEARCH LABORATORY 
 
Clay Evaluation: Extrusion Tests 
 
Sender's identification: Tuscaloosa number: G-9-3 
 
139 (Floyd Co.) 
 
Date 9/18/67 (+Firing Tests 1-12-67) 
 
Body composition: Raw clay through 6 mesh: 100 %. 
 
Tempering water: 21.0 % of dry batch weight. 
 
Vacuum on machine: 27 inches of mercury. 
 
Drying: 24 hours in air; 24 hours at 140F (60C). 
 
Drying shrinkage: 3.1 %. 
 
Modulus of rupture, dry unfired: 175 ps1.. 
 
Firing: 
 
TimeTemperatureCone- 
 
24 hours. 2225F (1218C). 8 
 
Total shrinkage: 10.4 %. 
 
Absorption, 5-hour boiled: 0.6 %. 
 
Absorption, 24-hour soaked: 0.6 %. 
 
Saturation coefficient: 1.00 
 
Apparent porosity: 1. 4 %. 
 
Bulk density: 2.41 g/cc. 
 
Fired modulus of rupture: 4750 psi. 
 
Mobs' hardness: 8 
 
Color: Dark red-brown. 
 
Comments Should be satisfactory for face brick or quarry tile. Low dry strength. 
 
-205- 
 
 locn. no. Fl.67-3 , cont. 
 
- - - - - Crushing Characteristics (unfired material) 
Particle Size -20 mesh. Retention Time 15 min. draw trial s (following 3-4 hr. to 1800 6 F, 98 26C). 
Chemical & Mineralogical Data: Not determined . 
 
C.hemical Analysis 
 
Oxide 
 
Weight % 
 
Si02 
 
Ti02 
 
Al203 
 
Fe203 FeO 
 
MnO 
 
MgO 
 
CaO 
 
Na20 
 
K20 
 
P2os S 
C 
 
(total) (org.) 
 
COz 
H2o- 
H2o+ 
 
Ignition 
 
loss Total 
 
Mineralogy Mineral 
Quartz Feldspar Carbonate Mica Chlorite- 
vermiculite Montmorillonite 
Others 
Total 
 
volume % 
 
Analyst - - - - - - - -- - - - - 
Date --- --- 
Method -------------------- 
Sample Location Data: 
 
County Floyd. 
 
- - - Land Lot 
 
Sec. 
 
Dist. 
 
7 1/2' topo quad. ------------------. Lat. 
 
Field No. 139. 
 
, Collected by J.W. $~ith ? 
 
~~~------- 
 
Long . Date c. 1966. 
 
Sample Method Grab (?). 
 
Weathering/alteration - - -- - - - - - 
 
Structural Attitude --------------------------------- --- - --------- 
 
Stratigraphic Assignment ------- ---------- ------ ----- - - - - - - - - - 
Sample Description & Comments No further data available. 
 
Compiled by B. J, O'Connor 
 
Date --5~--1--8-4-------- 
 
-206- 
 
 -207- 
 
 CERAMIC TESTS AND ANALYSES 
 
Material Clay/shale? County Floyd. 
 
__ ____ Compilation Map Location No. Fl.67-4 
Sample Number 141..;...... 
 
Raw Properties: 
 
Lab & No. USBM, Tus caloosa, Ala.; No. G-9-4. 
 
Date Reported 1-11-67. 
 
Ceramist M. E. Tyre ll, USBM. 
 
~~~~--------- 
 
Water of Plasticity 
 
21.0 %Working Properties Low p last i city. 
 
pH = 4. 4 Not e f fe rves cent with HCl. 
 
Color Yellow. 
 
Drying Shrinkage 
 
2.5 % Dry Strength -~ Low~ . ---- 
 
Remarks No drying defects. 
 
Slow Firing Tests: 
 
Temp. OF 
( oc) 
 
Color 
 
Hardness 
 
Linear 
 
Absorption 
 
(Mobs') Shrinkage, % 
 
% 
 
1800 
 
Tan 
 
(982) 
 
2 
 
2.5 
 
23. 1 
 
1900 
 
Tan 
 
(1038) 
 
3 
 
5.0 
 
17.4 
 
2000 
 
Light brown 4 
 
5.0 
 
(1093) 
 
16.6 
 
2100 
 
Light brown 5 
 
7.5 
 
(1149) 
 
15.9 
 
2200 
 
Red-brown 
 
6 
 
7.5 
 
(1204) 
 
13.7 
 
2300 
 
Dark brown 7 
 
10.0 
 
7.9 
 
(1260) 
 
Remarks I Other Tests Should fire to nMW" face brick s 
2250F (1232C). Poor to lor. Potential Use: Bu i ld in see Extrusion Test data. 
 
Preliminary Bloatin~ (Quick Fir in~) Tests: Ne ~ ative. 
 
Appr. Por. % 37 .4 31.0 29.9 29.4 25.6 15.8 
 
Other data: Bulk Dens. 
/cc 1. 62 
1. 78 
1. 80 
1. 85 
1. 87 
2.00 
 
-208- 
 
 Map Location No. Fl.67-4, cont. 
 
TUSCALOOSA METALLURGY RESEARCH LABORATORY Clay Evaluation: Extrusion Tests 
Sender's identification: 141 (Floyd Co.) Tuscaloosa number: G-9-4 
 
Date 9/28/67 (+ Firing Tests 1-12-67) 
 
Body composition: Raw clay through 6 mesh: 100 %. 
 
Tempering water: 19.0% of dry batch weight. 
 
Vacuum on machine: 27 inches of mercury. 
 
Drying: 24 hours in air; 24 hours at 140F (60C). 
 
Drying shrinkage: 2.1 %. 
 
Modulus of rupture, dry unfired: 320 psi. 
 
Firing: 
 
TimeTemperatureCone- 
 
24 hours. 2225 6 F 02l8C). 8 
 
Total shrinkage: 7.3 %. 
 
Absorption, 5-hour boiled: 7.8 %. 
 
Absorption, 24-hour soaked: 6.4 %. 
 
Saturation coefficient: 0.82 
 
Apparent porosity: 16.4 %. 
 
Bulk density: 2.10 g/cc. 
 
Fired modulus of rupture: 1830 psi. 
 
Mohs' hardness: 6 
 
Color: Red-brown. 
 
Comments Should be satisfactory for "SW" class face brick. 
 
-209- 
 
 locn. no. Fl.67-4 , cont. 
 
Crushing Characteristics (unfired material) 
 
Particle Size -20 mesh. Retention Time 15 min . draw trials (following 3-4 hr. 
to 1800 F , 982 8 C). 
Chemical & Mineralogical Data: Not dete r mined. 
 
Chemical Analysis 
 
Oxide 
 
Weight % 
 
Si02 
 
Ti02 
 
Al203 
 
Fe203 FeO 
 
MnO 
 
MgO 
 
CaO 
 
Na20 
 
K20 
 
P205 
 
S 
 
(total) 
 
C 
 
(org.) 
 
C02 
H2o- 
H2o+ 
 
Ignition 
 
loss 
 
Total 
 
Mineralogy Mineral 
Quartz Feldspar Carbonate Mica Chlorite- 
vermiculite Montmorillonite 
Others 
Total 
 
volume % 
 
Analyst 
 
Date ------ 
Method ---------------------------- 
Sample Location Data: 
 
- - - County _F~l~o~y~d~ ----- Land Lot 
 
Sec. 
 
Dist. 
 
----------- 7 1/2' topo quad. 
 
. Lat. 
 
Long  
 
Field No. -1-4~1.~---------, Collected by J.W. Smith? 
 
Date c. 1966. 
 
Sample Method Grab (?). 
 
Weathering/alteration ---------- 
 
Structural Attitude ------------------------------------------ 
 
Stratigraphic Assignment ------- - - - - - - - - - -- -- -- - - -- --Sample Description & Comments No further data available. 
 
Compiled by B. J. O'Connor 
 
Date 5-1-84 
-~~~--------- 
 
-210- 
 
 -211- 
 
 CERAMIC TESTS AND ANALYSES 
 
Material Clay/shale? 
 
Compilation Map Location No. Fl.67-5 
 
County Floyd. 
 
Sample Number ~1 ~44~ --------- 
 
Raw Properties: 
 
Lab & No. USBM, Tuscaloosa, Ala. ; No. G-9-7. 
 
Date Reported 1-11-67. 
 
Ceramist M. E. Tyrrell, USBM. 
 
~--~~~------- 
 
Water of Plasticity 
 
24.3 7. Working Properties Low plasticity. 
 
Color Tan. 
 
Drying Shrinkage 
 
__________ pR = 5.0. Not ef fervescent with HCl. 
2.5 % Dr y Strength _.L.;o..w_. 
 
Remarks No drving defects. 
 
Slow Firing Tests: 
 
Temp. OF 
Cc) 
 
Color 
 
Hardness 
 
Linear 
 
Absorption Appr. Por. 
 
(Mohs') Shrinkage, % 
 
% 
 
% 
 
1800 
 
Tan 
 
(982) 
 
3 
 
2.5 
 
20. 5 
 
34 . 4 
 
1.900 
 
Tan 
 
(1038) 
 
3 
 
5.0 
 
20.3 
 
34.9 
 
2000 
 
Tan 
 
(1093) 
 
4 
 
7.5 
 
13.5 
 
26.2 
 
2100 
 
Light brown 5 
 
10.0 
 
(1149) 
 
8.0 
 
17.0 
 
2200 
 
Red-brown 
 
6 
 
(1204) 
 
10.0 
 
4.3 
 
9.6 
 
2300 
 
Dark brown 7 
 
(1260) 
 
12.5 
 
2.6 
 
5.5 
 
Remarks I Other Tests Should fire to "SW" face brick s 
2100F (1149C) . Fair color. Potential Use: Buildin see Extrus i on Test Data. 
 
Preliminary Bloating (QuiGk Firing ) Tests: Neg~tive. 
 
Other data: Bulk Dens. 
/cc 1.68 
l. 72 
1. 94 
2.13 
2.23 
2.10 
 
-212- 
 
 Map Location No. Fl.67-5, cont. 
 
TUSCALOOSA METALLURGY RESEARCH LABORATORY Clay Evaluation: Extrusion Tests 
Sender's identification: 144 (Floyd Co.) Tuscaloosa number: G-9-7 
 
Date 9/28/67 (+ Firing Tests 1-12-6 7) 
 
Body composition: Raw clay through 6 mesh: 100 %. 
 
Tempering water: 22.0 %of dry batch weight. 
 
Vacuum on machine: 28 inches of mercury. 
 
Drying: 24 hours in air; 24 hours at 140F (60C). 
 
Drying shrinkage: 1. 0 %. 
 
Modulus of rupture, dry unfired: 285 psi. 
 
Firing: 
 
TimeTemperatureCone- 
 
24 hours. 2120 3F (1160C). 
4 
 
Total shrinkage: 8.3 %. 
 
Absorption, 5-hour boited; 3.9 %. 
 
Absorption, 24-hour soaked: 3. 7 %. 
 
Saturation coefficient: 0.95 
 
Apparent porosity: 9.0 %. 
 
Bulk density: 2.30 g/cc. 
 
Fired modulus of rupture: 3290 ps1. 
 
Mohs' hardness: 6 
 
Color: Light brown. 
 
Comments Should be satisfactory for "SW" class face brick. Poor color. 
 
-213- 
 
 loco. no. Fl.67-S , cont. 
 
Crushing Characteristics (unfired material) 
 
Particle Size -20 mesh. Retention Time 15 min. draw trials (following 3-4 hr. 
to 1800F, 982 6 C). 
Chemical & Mineralogical Data: Not determined. 
 
Chemical Analysis 
 
Oxide 
 
Weight % 
 
Si0 2 
TAFeilo22oo233 
FeO 
 
MnO 
 
MgO 
 
CaO 
Na 2o 
KzO 
 
P2os 
s c 
 
(total) (org.) 
 
HCO2oz - 
H2o+ 
 
Ignition 
 
. loss 
 
Total 
 
Mineralogy Mineral 
Quartz Feldspar Carbonate Mica Chlorite- 
vermiculite Montmorillonite 
Others 
Total 
 
volume % 
 
Analyst ------------ 
Date ------ 
 
Method -----------------------Sample Location Data: 
 
----- County ~F~l~oy~d~~------- Land LOt 
 
Sec. 
 
Dist. 
 
7 1/2' topo quad. ---------------------- Lat. 
 
Field No. 144. 
 
, Collected by J .w. Smith ? 
 
~~~----------- 
 
Long. Date c. 1966. 
 
Sample Method Grab (?). 
 
Weathering/alteration -------------- 
 
Structural Attitude ------------------------------------------------- 
 
Stratigraphic Assignment -----------------------------------------------Sample Description & Comments No further data available. 
 
Compiled by B. J. O'Connor 
 
Date 5-1-84 
 
-214- 
 
 -215- 
 
 CERAMIC TESTS AND ANALYSES 
 
Material Shale (tloyd). 
 
Compilation Map Location No. Fl.76-1 
 
County ~F~l~oy~d~~-------------- 
 
Sample Number ---------------- 
 
Raw Properties: 
 
LQb & No. USBM, Tuscaloosa, Ala.; No. G-21-1. 
 
Date Reported 3-30-76. 
 
Ceramist K. J. Liles, USBM. 
 
------~~--------- 
 
Water 
 
of 
 
Plasticity 
 
% Working 
----------~ 
 
Properties 
 
------------------------------- 
 
Color------------- Drying Shrinkage ________% Dry Strength--------------- 
 
Slow Firing Tests: 
 
Temp. OF 
Cc) 
 
Color 
 
Hardness 
 
Linear 
 
Absorption Appr. Por. Other 
 
Shrinkage, % 
 
% 
 
% 
 
data: 
 
No test data. 
 
Remarks I Other Tests Does not appear to have potential value as a structural 
clay product  
Preliminary Bloating (Quick Firing) Tests: Negative. 
 
-216- 
 
 locn. no. Fl.76-l , cont . 
 
Crushing Characteristics (unfired material) 
 
Particle Size -20 mesh. Retention Time 15 min. draw trials (following 3-4 hr. to 1800 6 F, 9826 C) . 
Chemical & Mineralogical Data: 
 
Chemical Analysis 
 
Oxide 
 
Weight % 
 
Si02 Tio2 Al 2o3 Fe 2o3 FeO 
 
27.82 
1.37 2.37 
 
MnO 
 
MgC03 
 
8.30 
 
Caco 3 Na20 
 
48.37 
 
K20 
 
P2os 
s 
c 
 
(total) (org.)  
 
C02 HH22oo+!soluble 
 
38.65 
 
Mineralogy Not determined. 
 
Mineral 
 
volume % 
 
Quartz Feldspar Carbonate Mica Chlorite- 
vermiculite Montmorillonite 
Others 
 
Total 
 
Total 
 
Analyst Pembroke Lab., Fla. (via C.T. Will iams, Florida Rock Industries, 1986). 
 
Date Jan. 21, 1976 
 
Method ----------------------- 
Sample Location Data: 
 
County Floyd. 
 
Land Lot 
 
Sec. 
 
Dist. 
 
7 1/2' topo quad. Rome North (SW. cntr.) Lat. 
 
Long. 
 
Field No. Sample Method Grab (?) 
 
Collected by B. J. Timmons 
 
Date Feb. 1976. 
 
(Fla. Rock). 
 
Weathering/ alteration ------- 
 
Structural Attitude ----------------------------- 
 
Stratigraphic Assignment Floyd Shale (Mississippian). 
 
Sample Description & Comments Shale sample from west side of limestone qua rry 
 
operated by Florida Rock Industri e s (formerly owned by LBI quarries, Inc.) and 
 
located 1 1/4 mi. W. of U.S . H . 27 on the Berr School r ope rt , N. of Redman 
 
Rd., 3 4 m1 . N. of Rome city l1m1ts . Sh a le ts 30 f t. t h i ck 
 
and overltes 
 
the l i mestone on the west side of the quarry. 
 
Compiled by B. J. O'Connor 
 
Date 3-10-86 
--~~----------- 
-217- 
 
 CERAMIC TESTS AND ANALYSES 
 
Material Shale (Fioyd). 
 
Compilation Map Location No. Fl.77-1 
 
County __F_l_o~yd__. _________________ 
 
Sample Number ---------- 
 
Raw PropertiE!s: 
 
Lab & No. USBM, tuscaloosa, Ala.; No. GA-25-23. 
 
Date Reported 5-12-77. 
 
Ceramist K. J. tiies, USBM. 
 
~~~~~------ 
 
Water of Plasticity 
 
20.0 %Working Properties Short. pH = 5.2. 
 
----------- 
 
HCl e fferves cence: 
 
None 
 
Color Gray. 
 
Drying Shrinkage 
 
2.5 % Dry Strength --F-a-ir-.-------- 
 
Slow Firing Tests: 
 
Color Hardness (Munsell)* (Mohs') 
 
1832 
 
Moderate 
 
3 
 
( 1000) orange 
 
(5 YR 7/8) 
 
Linear 
 
Absorption 
 
Shrinkage, % 
 
% 
 
5. 0 
 
16.0 
 
Appr. Por. % 
30.0 
 
Other data: Bulk Dens. 
m/cc 1. 87 
 
1922 
 
Moderate 
 
4 
 
5.0 
 
13.0 
 
25.9 
 
1.96 
 
(1050) orange 
 
(5 YR 6/8) 
 
2012 
 
Brownish 
 
5 
 
7.5 
 
12.5 
 
24.5 
 
1.99 
 
(llOO) orange 
 
(2.5 YR 5/8) 
 
2102 
 
Strong brown 6 
 
10.0 
 
(1150) (2.5 YR 4/6) 
 
6.2 
 
13.2 
 
2.11 
 
2192 
 
Moderate 
 
7 
 
(1200) reddish-brown 
 
(lb R 3/4) 
 
10.0 
 
4.4 
 
9.2 
 
2.12 
 
2282 (1250) 
 
Expanded 
 
Remarks/ Other Tests Potential Use: Structural clay products (e.g., building brick) at 1922-2182F (1050 - l 200C). 
 
Preliminary Bloating (Quick Firing) Tests: Not determined. 
 
*Note: Munsell color names were taken from conversion charts 1n Kelly and Judd (1976, p. 18-20) 
 
-218- 
 
 locn. no. Fl.77-l , cont. 
 
Crushing Characteristics (unfired material) 
 
Particle Size -20 mesh. Retention Time 1 hour (following 24 hours to temperature). 
Chemical & Mineralogical Data: Not determined. 
 
Chemical Analysis 
 
Oxide 
 
Weight % 
 
Sio 2 
ATFeli022oo233 
FeO 
 
MnO 
 
MgO 
 
CaO 
Na 2o 
K20 
 
P2os 
s c 
Hco2o2 - 
H2o+ 
 
(total) (org.) 
 
Ignition 
 
loss 
 
Total 
 
Mineralogy Mineral 
Quartz Feldspar Carbonate Mica Chlorite- 
vermiculite Montmorillonite 
Others 
Total 
 
volume % 
 
Analyst 
 
Date 
 
Method --------------------------- 
Sample Location Data: 
 
County Floyd. 
 
Land Lot 
 
Sec. 
 
Dist. 
 
7 1/2' topo quad. Rock Mountain (E. cntr.). Lat. 
 
Long. 
 
Field No. 
 
Collected by R. Dickerson (DOT). Date c. April 1977. 
 
Sample Method Grab (?) 
 
Weathering/alteration -------------- 
 
Structural Attitude --------------------------------------------------------- 
Stratigraphic Assignment Floyd Shale (Mississippian). 
 
Sample Description & Comments Typical Floyd Shale from stockpile of Bickerstaff Clay Products Co., Inc. from their Neill pit about 3 1/2 mi. W.-NW. of Rome on the S. side 
of the Central of Ga. RR. and Huffaker Rd., W. of Woods Rd. (Also see Fl.S0-2.) 
 
Compiled by B. J. O'Connor 
 
Date 5-22-84 
 
-219- 
 
 CERAMIC TESTS AND ANALYSES 
 
Material Shale (Floyd), 
 
Compilation Map Location No. Fl.S0-1 
 
County Floyd. 
 
Sample Number Clay No. 3. 
 
Raw Properties: 
 
Lab & No. Marazzi Ceramiche, #M.P. 1792. 
 
Date Reported March 1980. 
 
Ceramist L. Lorici. 
 
Water of Plasticity 
 
%Working Properties Good workability; compact. 
 
Color Buff-broWn. Drying Good. 
 
__ ____ %Dry Strength 
 
'"""""' 
 
Pressing Good. Fluidizing 
 
Good. 
 
Slow Firing Tests: (SOx 100 x 8 mm. pressed tiles.) 
 
Temp. OF 
(oC) 
 
Color 
 
1976 (1080) 
(= cycle 1) 
 
2030 (1110) 
(= cycle 2) 
 
1994 (1090) 
(= cycle 3) 
 
Hardness 
 
Linear 
 
Absorption Appr. Por. Other 
 
Shrinkage , % 
 
% 
 
% 
 
data: 
 
3.3 
 
6.0 
 
5.3 
 
2.3 
 
Remarks I Other Tests Ar illaceous, illitic clay (low ercentage of kaolinite) 
with satisfactory firin characteristics. "A : clay with interest in technologlcal feat ures for mak1ng tile ; furth er sampl 1ng 1s necessar . DTA and Dllatometric Analyses on file. - unpubl. report . 
Preliminary Bloatin& (Quick Firing) Tests: Not determined. 
 
-220- 
 
 locn. no. Fl.80-l , cont. 
 
Crushing Characteristics (unfired material) 
 
Particle Size < 40 microns Retention Time Cycle 1: 40-45 min. 
 
Cycle 2: 70-75 min. 
 
Chemical & Mineralogical Data: 
 
Cycle 3: 200-230 min. 
 
~n roller kiln. 
 
Chemical Analysis 
 
Oxide 
 
(A) Weight % (B) 
 
Si0 2 
ATFeli 022oo2 33 
FeO 
 
68.76 0.30 18.14 
4.0 
 
70.7 0.9 
20.5 2.3 
 
MnO 
 
0.00 
 
MgO 
 
0.76 
 
0.9 
 
CaO 
 
0.00 
 
Na 2o 
 
0.19 
 
0.3 
 
K20 
 
2.89 
 
3.4 
 
PzOs 
 
s (total) 
 
c (org.) 
 
C0 
H2 H2 
 
o2 o+ 
 
Ignition 
 
loss 
 
4.76 
 
(5.4) 
 
Total 
 
99.80 
 
99.0 
 
Mineralogy 
 
Mineral 
 
volume % 
 
(A) 
 
Quartz 
 
Feldspar 
 
Carbonate 
 
Mica (Muscovite) 
Chlorite (+ kaolinite) ( 8) 
 
vermiculite 
 
Montmorillonite 
 
Illite 
 
(92) 
 
Kaolinite (disordered) 
 
(B) 
X 
X 
X 
v. low 
 
Total 
x = present. (A) = clays and micas only. 
 
Analyst A) R. Landrum , Ga. Geol. Su~~ ey. B) Marazzi Ceramich e. 
 
M. A. Tadkod, Ga. Geol. Survey. M. Ceramiche. 
 
Date Aug. and Sept. 1979. Method A) Atomic Absorption. 
B) XRF and SpectrophOtometry (on f i red material) . 
Sample Location Data: 
 
Aug. and Sept. 1979. X-ray diffraction. 
 
County Floyd. 
 
Land Lot 
 
Sec. 
 
Dist. 
 
7 1/2' topo quad. Rpck Mountain (E. cntr.). Lat. 
 
Long. 
 
Field No. 3 
 
, Collected by M. A. Tadkod. 
 
--~---------------- 
 
Date July 1979. 
 
Sample Method Grab. 
 
Weathering/alteration Weat hered. 
 
Structural Attitude 
 
Stratigraphic Assignment Floyd Shale ? (Mississippian). 
 
Sample Description & Comments Sample from pit about 2 1/2 mi. W.-NW. of Rome 
(Tadkod, 1979 and 1980, unpubl. ' data, Ga. Geol. Survey files). 
 
Compiled by ---B-.--J-.--O--'C--o-n-n-o-r----------- Date ----3---1-0---8-6---------- 
-221- 
 
 CERAMIC TESTS AND ANALYSES 
 
Material Shale (Floyd). 
 
Compilation Map Location No. Fl.80-2 
 
County Floyd. 
 
Sample Number Clay No. 4. 
 
Raw Properties: 
 
Lab & No. Marazzi Ceramiche, #M.P. 1793. 
 
Date Reported March 1980. 
 
Ceramist L. Lorici. 
 
Water of Plasticity - -- - - -% Working Properties 
 
Color Brown-buff. Drying Good . 
 
Dry Strength 
 
Pressing Good. 
 
Fluidizing Good. ---~-------- 
 
Slow Firing Tests: (50 x 100 x 8 mm. pressed tiles.) 
 
Temp. OF 
(oC) 
 
Color 
 
1976 (1080) 
(=cycle 1) 
 
2030 (1110) 
(=eye le 2) 
 
1994 ( 1090) 
(=cycle 3) 
 
Hardness 
 
Linear 
 
Absorption Appr. Por. Other 
 
Shrinkage, % 
 
% 
 
% 
 
data: 
 
4.0 
 
10.0 
 
6.1 
 
6.5 
 
Clay Pr od ucts. Co. f or unpub lished report.) 
Preliminary Bloating (Quick Firing) Tests: 
 
Not determined. 
 
-222- 
 
 locn. no. Fl.80-2 , cont. 
 
Crushing Characteristics (unfired material) 
 
Particle Size < 40 microns Retention Time Cycle 1: 40-45 m1n. 
 
Cycle 2: 70-75 mm. 
 
Chemical &. Mineralo ~ ical Data: 
 
Cycle 3: 200-230 min. 
 
1n roller kiln. 
 
Chemical Analysis 
 
Oxide 
 
(A) Weight % (B) 
 
Si02 
 
69.34 
 
64.9 
 
Ti02 
Al203 Fe203 FeO 
 
0.43 18.72 4.20 
 
1.1 19.9 10.5 
 
MnO 
 
0.00 
 
MgO 
 
0.53 
 
0.6 
 
GaO 
 
0.11 
 
Na20 
 
0.17 
 
0.2 
 
K20 
 
1. 38 
 
2.0 
 
P205 
s (total) - 
c (org.) 
 
C02 
HH22oo+- 
Ignition 
 
loss 
 
4.97 
 
(6.6) 
 
Total 99.85 
 
99.2 
 
Mineralogy 
 
Mineral 
 
volume % 
 
(A) 
 
(B) 
 
Quartz 
 
X 
 
Feldspar 
 
Carbonate 
 
Mica 
 
low 
 
Chlorite (+ kaolinite) (35) 
 
vermiculite 
 
Montmorillonite 
 
Illite Kaolinite 
 
(65) low 
 
Total 
 
x = present. (A) = clays and micas only. 
 
Analyst ~A~)--~R~~L=a=n~d~r~u~m~~G~a~~G~e~o~l~~S~u~r~v~e~y~. M. A. Tadkod, Ga. Geol. Survey. 
 
B) Marazzi Ceramiche. 
 
M. Ceramiche. 
 
Date Aug . and Sept . 1979. Method A) Atomi c Abs or pti on . 
B) XRF and Spectrophotometry (on fired material). 
Sample Location Data: 
 
Aug. and Sept. 1979. X-ray diffraction. 
 
County _ F_l_o..y.._d_.________ Land Lot 
 
Sec. 
 
Dist. 
 
- - - - - 7 1/2' topo quad. Rock Mountain (E. cntr.). Lat. 
 
Long. 
 
Field No. ---4----------------, Collected by M. A. Tadkod. 
 
Date July 1979. 
 
Sample Method -G-r-a-b.------ 
 
Weathering/alteration Weathered. 
 
Structural Attitude ------------------------------------------------------ 
Stratigraphic Assignment ___F~l~o~y_d__S_h_a~l~e--(~M_i~s~s_i~s~s~i~p~p~i~a~n~)~------------------- 
 
Sample Description&. Comments Sample from pi t of Bickerstaff Clay Products Co., 
 
Inc. about 3 1/2 mi. W.-NW , of Rome (Tadkod , 1979 a nd 1980, unpbl. data, 
 
Ga. 
 
Geol. Surve f i les) on the N. side o f the Central of GA. RR. and S. of Hu ff aker 
 
Rd. , W. of Woods Rd. Also see Fl.77-l.) 
 
------------------ Comp i 1ed by __.;B;;~_.;;J;~~O-'~C~o=n=n;.o:.~r___________ Date 8-13-86 
-223- 
 
 CERAMIC TESTS AND ANALYSES 
 
Material Shale (Conasa~ga). 
 
Compilation Map Location No. Fl.S0-3 
 
County Floyd. 
 
Sample Number Clay No. 5. 
 
Raw Properties: 
 
Lab & No. Marazzi Ceramiche, 4#M.P. 1794. 
 
Date Reported ---M-a-r-c-h--1-9-8-0-. ----- Ceramist L. Lorici. 
 
Water 
 
of 
 
Plasticity 
 
-----------%Working 
 
Properties 
 
Compact. 
-~~~~------------------- 
 
Color Reddish brown. Drying Good. 
 
Dry Strength ---------------- 
 
Pressing Good. --~~~-------- 
 
Fluidizing ~G~o~o_d~---------- 
 
Slow Firing Tests: (50 x 100 x -8=- m-m-. -- p-re-s-s-e-d-~tiles.) 
 
Temp. OF 
(oC) 
 
Color 
 
1976 (1080) 
(=cycle 1) 
 
2030 (1110) 
(=cycle 2) 
 
1994 (1090) 
(=cycle 3) 
 
Hardness 
 
Linear 
 
Absorption Appr. Por. Other 
 
Shrinkage, % 
 
% 
 
% 
 
data: 
 
3.8 
 
7.0 
 
5.5 
 
3.4 
 
Remarks I Other Tests Illitic, micaceous clay with low percentage of kaolinite. ( "Bl": too refractory for making tile.) (DTA & Dilatometric Analyses on file- 
unpublished report.) 
Preliminary Bloating (Quick Firing) Tests: Not determined. 
 
-224- 
 
 locn. no. Fl.B0-3 , cont. 
 
Crushing Characteristics (unfired material) ---------- 
 
Particle Size < 40 microns Retention Time~C~y~c~l~e~l_:__~4~0_-~4~5~m~~-n~. 
 
Cycle 2: 70-75 min. ~n roller kiln. 
 
Chemical & Mineralogical Data: 
 
Cycle 3: 200-230 m~n. 
 
Chemical Analysis 
 
Oxide 
 
(A) Weight i. (B) 
 
Sio2 Tio 2 Al 2o3 Fe 2o3 FeO 
 
59.72 0.43 
21.74 7.24 
 
65.2 0.9 22.0 6.9 
 
MnO 
 
0.00 
 
MgO 
 
0.90 
 
0.5 
 
CaO 
 
0.22 
 
Na 2o 
 
0.17 
 
0.2 
 
K20 
 
2.80 
 
2.8 
 
P2os S (total) 
 
- 
 
c (org.) 
 
HC202o- 
H2o+ Ignition 
 
loss 
 
6.62 
 
(6.1) 
 
Total 99.84 
 
98.5 
 
Mineralogy 
 
Mineral 
 
volume i. 
 
(A) 
 
Quartz 
 
Feldspar 
 
Carbonate 
 
Mica 
 
Chlorite (+ kaolinite) X 
 
vermiculite 
 
Montmorillonite 
 
Illite 
 
X 
 
Kaolinite (disordered) 
 
(B) 
-X 
X 
X 
v. low 
 
Total 
 
x = present. (A) = clays and micas only. 
 
Analyst A) R. Landrum, Ga. Geol. Survey. B) Marazzi Ceramiche. 
 
M. A. Tadkod, Ga. Geol. Survey. M. Ceramiche. 
 
Date Aug. and Sept. 1979. Method A) Atomic Absorpt i on . 
B) XRF and Spectrophotometry (on fi r ed materi ~ l) . 
Sample Location Data: 
 
Aug. and Sept. 1979. X-ray diffraction. 
 
County Floyd. 
 
- - - - Land Lot 
 
Sec. 
 
7 1/2' topo quad. Livingston (NW. cntr.). Lat. 
 
Dist. Long. 
 
Field No. 5 
 
, Collected by M. A.Tadkod. 
 
~------------------ 
 
Date July 1979. 
 
Sample Method -G-r-a-b-. ------- 
 
Weathering/alteration Weathered. 
 
Structural Attitude ------------------------ ----------------------- 
Stratigraphic Assignment Conasauga Group (Cambrian) shale. 
 
Sample Description & Comments Sample from roadcut about 1/2 mi. from Livingston 
(Tadkod, 1979 and 1980, unpubl. data, Ga. Geol. Survey files. Notes state 1/2 mi . E. but map shows W. of Li vingston). 
 
Compiled by ---B-. -J-.--O-'-C-o-n-n-o-r --------- Date ---3---1-0---8-6----------- 
 
-225- 
 
 CERAMIC TESTS AND ANALYSES 
 
Material Shale (Floyd). 
 
Compilation Map Location No. Fl.80-4a 
 
County Floyd. 
 
Sample Number Floyd Top Shale 
 
Raw Properties: 
 
Lab & No. Georgia Tech., #F. 
 
Date Reported ---1-2---1--0---8-0-.-------- Ceramist J. F. Benzel,Georgia Tech. 
Water of Plasticity --------------% Working Properties ----------------------------Color -------------- Drying Shrinkage 5.26 to 5.82% Dry Strength (MOR) 346 psi. 
Remarks Drying Wt. loss = 26.19%. 
 
Slow Firing Tests:(l x 1 x approximately 9 1n. extruded bars.) 
 
Temp. OF 
(oC) 
Cone 03: 2039 
(1115) 
Cone 02: 2057 
(1125) 
Cone 1: 2120 
(1160) 
 
Color Hardness 
 
Linear 
 
Absorption 
 
(MOR, psi.) Shrinkage, % 
 
% 
 
(total) 
 
2574 
 
4.03 (9.40) 
 
10.64 
 
Appr. Por. % 
 
3010 
 
5.79 (11.05) 
 
6.28 
 
2892 
 
5.82 (11. 64) 
 
5.86 
 
Other data: Loss on Ignition 
6.90 
7.06 
6.89 
 
Remarks / Other Tests This shale was used in blends (with a roximatel amounts of Alabama shale and Cordova, Ala., fire clay to make 811 sewer 
blends see Fl.80-4c to d; Plk. 80-2c ; and Wkr. 80-2b and 3b.) 
Preliminary Bloating (Quick Firing) Tests: Not determined. 
 
-226- 
 
 CERAMIC TESTS AND ANALYSES 
 
Material Shale (Floyd). 
 
Compilation Map Location No. Fl.80-4b 
 
County __ _ F_l_o~y_d_. _________________ 
 
Sample Number Floyd Bottom Shale. 
 
Raw Properties: 
 
Lab & No. Georgia Tech., #FB 
 
Date Reported 12-10-80. 
 
Ceramist J. F. Benzel, Georgia Tech. 
 
Water of Plasticity -----------% Working Properties ----------------------------- 
 
---------- Color 
 
Drying Shrinkage 4.41 to 4.44% Dry Strength (MOR) 447 ps~. 
 
Remarks Drying Wt. loss = 21.96%. 
 
Slow Firing Tests:(l x 1 x approximately 9 in. extruded bars.) 
 
Cone 03: 2039 
(1115) 
 
Color Hardness 
 
Linear 
 
Absorption 
 
(MOR, psi.) Shrinkage , % 
 
% 
 
(total) 
 
355 0 
 
4. 18 (8.59) 
 
6.99 
 
Appr. Por. % 
 
Other data:  Loss on I gnition 
6. 61 
 
Cone 2: 
 
3561 
 
5.22 
 
5.11 
 
7.35 
 
2057 
 
(9.66) 
 
(1125) 
 
Cone 1: 2120 
(1160) 
 
3228 
 
6.01 (10.45) 
 
4.75 
 
7.33 
 
Remarks / Other Tests Underlies the "Flo d To used to make sewer pipe in 
Also see Fl.80- 4d ble nd. 
 
(see Fl. 80-4a) which was Gr iffin Pipe Products Co. 
 
Preliminary Bloating (Quick Firing) Tests: Not determined. 
 
-227- 
 
 CERAMIC TESTS AND ANALYSES 
 
Material Shale and clay (blend). 
 
Compilation Map Location No. Fl.80-4c 
 
County Floyd, Ga. (and Ala.). 
 
Sample Number 811 pipe mix. 
 
Raw Properties: 
 
Lab & No. Georgia Tech., #S. 
 
Date Reported ---1-2---1-0---8-0-.-------- Ceramist J. F. Benzel, Georgia Tech. 
 
Water of Plasticity -----------% Working Properties ----------------------------- 
 
Color ---------- - Drying Shrinkage 
 
3.58 % Dry Strength (MOR) 260 psi. 
 
Remarks Drying Wt. loss= 18.78%. 
 
Slow Firing Tests: (1 x 1 x approximately 9 in. extruded bars.) 
 
Temp. OF 
(oC) 
Cone 03: 2039 
(1115) 
Cone 02: 2057 
(1125) 
Cone 1: 2120 
(1160) 
 
Color Hardness 
 
Linear 
 
Absorption 
 
(MOR, psi.) Shrinkage, % 
 
% 
 
2209 
 
4.01 (7. 59) 
 
8.25 
 
2785 
 
5.35 (8.93) 
 
5.32 
 
2537-2984 5.29-5.61 5.08-5.39 (8.85-9.19) 
 
Appr. Por. % 
 
Other data: Loss on Ignition 
6. 39 
 
6.26 
 
4. 94-6.71 
 
Remarks I Other Tests Production blend of 35% "Floyd Top Shale" (Fl.80-4a) plus 
35% Alabama shale and 30% fire cl ay (+ 8% grog) used by Griffin Pipe Products Co. 1n maki ng 811 sewer pipe. 
Preliminary Bloating (Quick Firing) Tests: Not determined. 
 
-228- 
 
 CERAMIC TESTS AND ANALYSES 
 
Material Shale and clay (blend). 
 
Compilation Map Location No. Fl.80-4d 
 
County Floyd, Ga. (and Ala.) 
 
Sample Number 8" pipe ID1X. 
 
Raw Properties: 
 
Lab & No. Georgia Tech. , fFG. 
 
Date Reported ---1-2---1-0---8-0-. ------- Ceramist J. F. Benzel, Geor ~i a Tech. 
Water of Plasticity ~----~---% Working Properties ----------------------------- 
Color --- --------- Drying Shrinkage 2.94-3.00% Dry Strength (MOR) 226 ps1. 
 
Slow Firing Tests: (1 1/2 x 1 1/2 x approximately 9 1n. extruded bars.) 
 
Temp. OF 
(oC) 
Cone 03: 2039 
(1115) 
Cone 02: 2057 
(1125) 
Cone 1: 2120 
(1160) 
 
Color Hardness 
 
Linear 
 
(MOR, psi.) Shrinkage, i. 
 
(total) 
 
2091 
 
4.08 (7.06) 
 
2587 
 
5.39 (8.33) 
 
2263-2790 
 
5.55-5.78 
(8.55-8. 77) 
' 
 
Absorption Appr. Por. 
 
% 
 
% 
 
7.95 
 
5.83 
 
4.19-4.82 
 
Other data: Loss on I nit ion 
6.49 
5.85 
7.65-7.99 
 
being Preliminary Bloating (Quick Firing) Tests: 
 
Not determined. 
 
-229- 
 
 CERAMIC TESTS AND ANALYSES 
 
Material Shale (blend). 
 
Compilation Map Location No. Fl.80-4e 
 
County Floyd (and Hancock). Raw Properties: 
 
Sample Number ---------------- 
Lab & No. Georgia Tech., #X5. 
 
Date Reported 12-10-80. 
 
Ceramist J. F.Benzel, Georgia Tech. 
 
Water of Plasticity ----------% Working Properties 
Color------------ Drying Shrinkage 4.05-4.72% Dry Strength (MOR) 637 ps1. 
 
Remarks Drying Wt. loss = 20.75%. 
 
Slow Firing Tests: (1 x 1 x approximately 9 in. extruded bars.) 
 
Temp. OF 
(oC) 
Cone 03: 2039 
(1115) 
Cone 02: 2057 
(1125) 
Cone 1: 2120 
(1160) 
 
Color Hardness 
 
Linear 
 
Absorption 
 
(MOR, psi.) Shrinkage, % 
 
% 
 
(total) 
 
Appr. Par. % 
 
2847 2511-3503 
 
4. 72 (9.44) 
 
4.48 
 
5.29-5.60 4.68-5.74 (9.34-9.65) 
 
Other data: Loss on Ignition 
5.89 
5.33-7.31 
 
Remarks /Other Tests Test blend of 35% "Flo d Top Shale" (Fl r80-4a), 30% "Flo d Bot tom Shale" (Fl. 80-4b and 35% L nton shale (Hancock Co., Ga. . Probably su itable for making sewer pipe. 
Preliminary Bloating (Quick Firing) Tests: Not determined. 
 
-230- 
 
 locn. no. Fl.80-4(a-e), cont. 
 
Crushing Characteristics (unfired material) 
 
Particle Size - - - - - - Retention Time 
Chemical & Mineralogical Data: Not determined. 
 
Chemical Analysis 
 
Oxide 
 
Weight % 
 
Si0 2 Ti02 
 
Al203 
 
Fe203 FeO 
 
MnO 
 
MgO 
 
CaO 
Na 2o 
K20 
P2os 
s c 
 
(total) (org.) 
 
C02 
Hn22oo+- 
 
Ignition 
 
loss 
 
Total 
 
Mineralogy Mineral 
Quartz Feldspar Carbonate Mica Chlorite- 
vermiculite Montmorillonite 
Others 
Total 
 
volume % 
 
Analyst 
 
Date 
 
Method --------------- 
Sample Location Data: 
 
County Floyd. 
 
Land Lot 
 
Sec. 
 
Dist. 
 
7 l/2' topo quad. Rock Mountain (cntr.). Lat. 
 
Long. 
 
----------- Field No. 
 
, Collected by J. F. Benzel. 
 
Date Aug. 1980. 
 
Sample Method Random grab samples. Weathering/alteration Moderately to very weathered. 
Structural Attitude Bedding strikes N.80E., dips 32S. 
 
Stratigraphic Assignment Floyd Shale (Mississippian). 
Sample Description & Comments Samples of typical shales from Griffin Pipe Products 
Co. pit on S. side of Huffaker Rd., about 4 mi. W. of Rome. The "Floyd Bottom Shale" (b) appears to large ly be a less weathered variety of the "Floyd Top Shale" 
( a ). 
 
---------------- Compiled by B. J. O'Connor 
 
Date 11-29-82 
 
-231- 
 
 CERAMIC TESTS AND ANALYSES 
 
Material __s_h_a_le_..:..(..C_o_n_a_s_a_u~g~a..:.)_._ _ _ _ _ _ _ Compilation Map Location No. FL82-la 
 
County 
 
Floyd. 
 
Sample Number Floyd Co.-A 
 
Raw Properties: 
 
Lab & No. USBM, Tuscaloosa, Ala.; No. GA-30-1. 
 
---------------- Date Reported 4-14-82. 
 
Ceramist K. J. Liles, USBM. 
 
Water of Plasticity 
 
20.1 %Working Properties Plastic. pH = 5.2. 
 
Not ef fe rvescent with HCl. 
 
Color Tan. 
 
Drying Shrinkage 
 
5.0% Dry Strength ~G.o.:o....:....d_..:.....________ 
 
Slow Firing Tests: 
 
Temp. OF 
(oC) 
 
Color Hardness (Munsell)* (Mohs') 
 
1832 
 
Moderate 
 
2 
 
(1000) orange 
 
(5 YR 6/8) 
 
Linear 
 
Absorption 
 
Shrinkage, % 
 
% 
 
5.0 
 
21/2 
 
Appr. Por. % 
36.7 
 
Other data: Bulk Dens. 
gm/cc 1. 73 
 
1922 
 
Moderate 
 
3 
 
5.0 
 
(1050) orange 
 
(5 YR 6/8) 
 
18.4 
 
22.2 
 
1.81 
 
2012 
 
Brownish 
 
3 
 
5.0 
 
(1100) orange 
 
(2.5 YR 5/8) 
 
14.5 
 
28.1 
 
1. 93 
 
2102 
 
Strong brown 4 
 
7.5 
 
(1150) (2.5 YR 4/6) 
 
11.6 
 
23.4 
 
2.02 
 
2192 
 
Moderate 
 
5 
 
(1200) reddish-brown 
 
(2.5 YR 4/4) 
 
10/0 
 
7.9 
 
17.1 
 
2.16 
 
2282 
 
Moderate 
 
5 
 
10.0 
 
0250) reddish-brown 
 
(2.5 YR 3/4) 
 
5.8 
 
12.9 
 
2.22 
 
Remarks / Other Tests Potential Use: Structural clay products (e.g. building brick at 2102-2282F, 1150-12506C). 
 
Prelimina ry Bloating (Quick Firing) Tests: Negative. 
 
*Note: Munsell color names were taken from convers1on charts 1n Kelly and Judd (1976, p. 19-20). 
 
-232- 
 
 CERAMIC TESTS AND ANALYSES 
 
Material Shale (Conasauga). 
 
Compilation Map Location No. Fl.82-lb 
 
--------~------~~--------------- 
 
County 
 
Floyd. 
 
Sample Number Floyd Co. -B 
 
Raw Properties: 
 
Lab & No. USBM, Tuscaloosa, Ala. ; GA-30-2. 
 
Dat e Reported --4---1-4---8-2-. --------- Ceramist K. J. Liles, USBM. 
 
Water of Plasticity 
 
21.0 %Working Properties Plastic. pH = 5.0. Not 
 
----------- 
 
e ff ervescent wi th HCl. 
 
Color -T-a-n-. ------------Drying Shrinkage 5.0 % Dry Strength --G-o-o-d-.-------------- 
 
Slow Firing Tests: 
 
Color Hardness (Munsell)* (Mohs') 
 
1832 
 
Mod e rate 
 
2 
 
(1000) orange 
 
(5 YR 6/8) 
 
Linear 
 
Absorption 
 
Shrinkage, % 
 
% 
 
5.0 
 
22.7 
 
Appr. Por. % 
38.5 
 
Other data: Bulk Dens. 
gm/cc 1.69 
 
1922 
 
Moderate 
 
3 
 
5.0 
 
(1050) orange 
 
(5 YR 6/8) 
 
19.8 
 
35.1 
 
1.77 
 
2012 
 
Brownish 
 
3 
 
5.0 
 
(1100) orange 
 
(2.5 YR 5/8) 
 
16.2 
 
30.4 
 
1.87 
 
2102 
 
Strong brown 4 
 
5.0 
 
(1150) (2.5 YR 4/8) 
 
13.5 
 
26.5 
 
1. 97 
 
2192 
 
Moderate 
 
5 
 
7.5 
 
(1200) reddish-brown 
 
(2.5 YR 4/4) 
 
10.0 
 
21.0 
 
2.09 
 
2282 
 
Moderate 
 
5 
 
(1250) reddish-brown 
 
(2.5 YR 3/4) 
 
10.0 
 
7.4 
 
16.2 
 
2.18 
 
Remarks / Other Tests Potential Use: Structural clay products (e.g. building brick at 2102-2282F, 1150-1250C.) 
 
Preliminary Bloating (Quick Firing) Tests: Negative. 
 
*Note: Munsell color names were taken from conversion charts in Kelly and Judd (1976, p. 19-20). 
 
-233- 
 
 loco. no. Fl.82-l(a-b), cont. 
 
Crushing Characteristics (unfired material) 
 
Particle Size -20 mesh. Retention Time 1 hour (following 24 hours to temperature). 
 
Chemical & Mineralogical Data: 
 
Chemical Analysis (SRB-Floyd-lA) 
 
Oxide 
 
Weight % 
 
Si02 
ATilo2o2 3 
Fe 2o3(total) FeO 
 
58.80 0.70 
22.80 6.80 
 
MnO 
 
0.10 
 
MgO 
 
1.80 
 
CaO 
Na 2o 
K20 
P2o5 
s c 
Hco2o2- 
H2o+ 
 
(total) (org.) 
 
0.10 0.70 2.90 0.05 
 
Ignition 
 
loss 
 
5.18 
 
Total 
 
99.93 
 
Mineralogy: Not determined. 
 
Mineral 
 
volume % 
 
Quartz Feldspar Carbonate Mica Chlorite- 
vermiculite Montmorillonite 
Others 
 
Total 
 
Analyst J. R. Landrum, Ga. Geol. Survey. 
 
Date Nov. 1980. (Lab. No. 81-24) 
 
Method Atomic Absorption. 
 
Sample Location Data: 
 
County Floyd. 
 
Land Lot. 90, 91, and 126 Sec. 
 
Dist. 3 
 
7 1/2' topo quad. Livingston (E. cntr.) Lat. 
 
Long. 
 
Field No. Lvstn. 81-2 A & B , Collected by B. J. O'Connor Date 9-22-81. 
 
Sample Method Numerous grab samples. Weathering/alteration Somewhat weathered. 
 
Structural Attitude Crumpled - beds strike NE. 
 
Stratigraphic Assignment Conasauga Group (Cambrian). 
 
Sample Description & Comments Sam le of a uniform tan-brown, hard shale strongly 
 
deformed b small scale, ti ht 
 
also contains local hard, silty, concretion- 
 
to 1 inch thick Taken f rom exposure in bed of NW.-trendin farm 
 
road A =uppe r, B .= lower half of outcrop Located on the J. D. Lanier property 
 
about 8 miles SW. of Rome, 1 1/2 miles S. of Coosa River, 1/2 mile S. of Blacks 
 
Bluf f Rd., about 1/4 mile W. of Flat Rock Rd. and just E. of Webb Creek. Chemical 
 
analys i s determined on similar material collected by S. R. Brockinton (9-16-80). 
 
Compiled by B. J. O'Connor 
 
Date 5-22-84 
 
-234- 
 
 DATA SOURCES AND REFERENCES CITED 
American Soc~ety for Testing and Materials, 1974 Annual Book of ASTM Standards: C4-62 (Reapproved 1970) Standard specification for clay drain tile, Part 16, p. 1-7. C13-69 (Replaced by C700-74) Specifications for standard strength clay sewer pipe, Part 16, p. 409-413. C24-72 Pyrometric cone equivalent (PCE) of refractory materials, Part 17, p. 9-14. C27-70 Classification of fireclay and high-alumina refractory brick, Part 17, p. 15-17. C43-70 Standard definitions of terms relating to structural clay products, Part 16, p. 33-35. C62-69 Standard specification for building brick (solid masonry units made from clay or shale), Part 16, p. 121-125. C216-71 Standard specification for facing brick (solid masonry units made from clay or shale), Part 16, p. 121-125. C410-60 (Reapproved 1972) Standard specification for industrial floor brick, Part 115, p. 217-218. C4i9-72 Standard specification for vitrified clay liner plates, Part 16, p. 283-284. C330-69 Specification for lightweight aggregates for structural concrete, Part 14, p. 229-232. C315-56 (Reapproved 1972) Standard specification for clay flue linings, Part 16, p. 169-171. 
American Society for Testing and Materials, 1974 Annual Book of ASTM Standards: Part 16, Chemical-resistant nonmetallic materials; clay and concrete pipe and tile; masonry mortars and units; asbestos-cement products. 
Bergenback, R.E., Wilson, R.L., and Rich, M., 1980, Carboniferous Paleodepositional Environments of the Chattanooga Area: in Frey, R.W., ed., Excursions in Southeastern Geology, vol. I, Field Trip No. 13, p. 259-278, American Geological Institute, Falls Church, Va. 
Butts, C., and Gildersleeve, B., 1948, Geology and Mineral Resources of the Paleozoic Area in Northwest Georgia: Georgia Department of Mines, Mining and Geology Bulletin 54, 176 p. 
Chowns, T. M., editor, 1972, Sedimentary Environments in the Paleozoic Rocks of Northwest Georgia: Georgia Geological Survey Guidebook 11, 102 p. 
- - -, editor, 1977, Stratigraphy and Economic Geology of Cambrian and Ordovician Rocks in Bartow and Polk Counties, Georgia: Georgia Geofogical Survey Guidebook 17, 21 p. 
-235- 
 
 Chowns, T.M., and McKinney, F.M., 1980, Depositional Facies in MiddleUpper Ordovician and Silurian Rocks of Alabama and Georgia: in Frey, R.W., ed., Excursions in Southeastern Geology , vol. 2, Field Trip No. 16, p. 323-348 , Ame rican Geolog ica l Institute, Falls Church, VA. 
Clews, F. H., 1969, Heavy Clay Technology: 2nd ed., Academic Press, New York, N.Y., 481 p. 
Crawford, T.J., 1983, Pennsylvanian Outliers in Georgia: in Chowns, T.M., ed., "Geology of Paleozoic Rocks in the Vicinity of Rome, Georgia" 18th Annual Field Trip, Georgia Geological Society, p. 30-41. 
Cressler, C. W., 1963, Geology and Ground-water Resources of Catoosa County, Georgia: Georgia Department of Mines, Mining and Geology Information Circular 28, 19 p. 
- - - -, 1964a, Geology and Ground-water Resources of the Paleozoic Rock Area, Chattooga County, Georgia: Georgia Department of Mines, Mining and Geology Information Circular 27, 14 p. 
---.,.-, 1964b, Geology and Ground-water Resources of Walker County, Georgia: Georgia Department of Mines, Mining and Geology Information Circular 29, 15 p. 
_____, 1970, Geology and Ground-water Resources of Floyd and Polk Counties, Georgia: Georgia Department of Mines, Mining and Geology Information Circular 39, 95 p. 
----, 1974, Geology and Ground-water Resources of Gordon, Whitfield and Murray Counties, Georgia: Georgia Geological Survey Information Circular 47, 56 p. 
Cressler, C. W., Franklin, M.A., and Hester, W. G., 1976, Availability of Water Supplies in Northwest Georgia: Georgia Geological Survey Bulletin 91, 140 p. 
Cressler, C. W., Blanchard, H. E., Jr., and Hester, W. G., 1979, Geohydrology of Bartow, Cherokee, and Forsyth Counties, Georgia: Georgia Geologic Survey Information Circular 50, 45 p. 
Croft, M. G., 1964, Geology and Ground-water Resources of Dade County, Georgia: Georgia Department of Mines, Mining and Geology Information Circular 26, 17 p. 
Georgia Geological Survey, 1976, Geologic Map of Georgia: Georgia Geological Survey, scale 1:500,000. 
Gillespie, W.H. and Crawford, T.J., in press, Plant Megafossils from the Carboniferous of Georgia, U.S.A.: in lOth International Congress of Carboniferous Stratigraphy ~d Geology (Madrid), Proceedings. 
-236- 
 
 Grimshaw, R. W., 1972, The Chemistry and Physics of Clays and Other Ceramic Raw Materials: 4th ed., rev., Wiley-Interscience, New York, N.Y., 1024 p. 
 
Hollenbeck, R.P., and Tyrrell, M.E., 1969, Raw materials for lightweight aggregate in Appalachian Region, Alabama and Georgia: U.S. Bureau of Mines RI-7244, 21 p. 
 
Jones, T. J., and Beard, M. T., 1972, Ceramics: Industrial Pr.ocessing and Testing: Iowa State University Press, Ames, Iowa, 213 p. 
 
Kelly, K. L. and Judd, D. B., Color. Universal Lang~age and Dictionary of Names: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, NBS Special Publication 440, 158 p. 
 
Kline, S. W. and O'Connor, B. J., editors, 1981, Mining Directory of Georgia, 18th. ed.: Georgia Geologic Survey Circular 2, 49 p. 
 
Klinefelter, T. A., and Hamlin, H. P., 1957, Syllabus of Clay Testing: U.S. Bureau of Mines Bulletin 565, 67 p. 
 
Liles, K. J., and Heystek, H., 1977, The Bureau of Mines Test Program for Clay and Ceramic Raw Materials: U.S. Bureau of Mines IC-8729, 28 p. 
 
Norton, F. H., 1942, Refractories: 2nd ed., McGraw-Hill Book Co., N.Y., 798 p. 
 
O'Neill, B. J., Jr., and Barnes, J. H., 1979, Properties and Uses of Shales and Clays, Southwestern Pennsylvania: Pennsylvania Geological Survey Mineral Resources Report.77, 689 p. 
 
- 
 
--- 
 
-P--en, n1s9y8lv1,anPiar:o 
 
perties and Uses of Shales Pennsylvania Geological 
 
and Clays, South-central Survey Mineral Resource 
 
Report 79, 201 p. 
 
Patterson, S. H., and Murray, H. H., 1983, Clays: in Lefond, S. J., and others, eds., Industrial Minerals and RockB; 5th ed., American Institute of Mining, Metallurgical and Petroleum Engineers, Inc., New York, p. 585-651. 
 
Smith, J. W., 1968?, Tests for Clay Products in Northwest Georgia; unpublished manuscript, 47 p. (brief summary in: 1967 Annual Report of the Department of Mines, Mining, an~Geology, 1968, p. 17-19). 
 
Smith, R. W., 1931, Shales and Brick Clays of Georgia: Georgia Geological Survey Bulletin 45, 348 p. 
 
Spencer, J.W.W., 1893, The Paleozoic Group; The Geology of Ten Counties of Northwestern Georgia: Georgia Geological Survey, 406 p. 
 
Thomas, W.A., and Cramer, H.R., 1979, The Mississippian and Pennsylvanian (Carboniferous) Systems in the United States Georgia: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1110-H, 37 p. 
 
-237- 
 
 Veatch, 0., 1909, Second Report on the Clay Deposits of Georgia: Georgia Geological Survey Bulletin 18, 453 p. 
Watson, T. L., 1904, A Preliminary Report on the Bauxite Deposits of Georgia: Georgia Survey Bulletin 11, 169 p. 
White, W. s., Denson, N.M., Dunlap, J.C. and Overstreet, E.F., 1966, 
Bauxite Deposits of Northwest Georgia: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1199-M, 42 p. 
-238- 
 
 CLAY AND SHALE TEST LOCATIONS IN FLOYD COUNTY 
 
EXPLANATION 
Numbers correspond to the "Map Location No." in text !Exact sample location Approximate sample location Several samples collected over the enclosed area Boundary dashed where approximate 
Inset A 
- 11b 
 
, ... 
 
I.... ,\ 
 
57-11 
 
77-1 
 
0I - - - - - ..,. 
 
1 f'Jj!,> __j 
 
11 Kifmll"!Or 
 
57-13 31S-8 
 
I ' 
.~1 
!/,1 
/ 
~-I 
I I15' 
~~ 
I()' 
1/' 
/ 
I ' 
/ 
__ _s' 
 
Geo rg ia Geo logic S urv e y Infor ma tion Circular 68 Pl a t e 1 
BE\' []5' 
'I~ 
::J 
18 
I '1--~--34"30 
l g 
'o: 
0 Cl 
 
Fl.57-1 to Fl.57-19 
 
Fl.60-1 a- t 
 
2 0 
 
F1.76 -1 
 
Fl.77-1 
 
FI.S0- 1 to FI.S0- 4 e 
 
Fl.82-1 a and b 
 
' unknown): 
 
I ' 
f 
( 
 
. I 
 
'5' 
 
~ 
 
I 
 
See in set 1'.. 
 
!; 
I 
 
57-5 
 
------ 
Z5' 
 
Spring 
 
__ _\b_ 
 
85 " 20' 
 
COUNTY 
 
. ---COUN-T-,Y__, 
 
 
I 
~-~' 
' 
 
--, 0 9V- 2 
" , 
 
I 
 
I 
 
l' ~ 
0 
10:: 
<( 
Ol 
3 1S- 
,.,...------- -- 
I ' 
 
I 
,.. ___ _J 
 
31S- 16 46- 3 
 
- 09V-5 
/ ..... \ 
 
I 
 
\ 
 
-'------,__ --".A.---- 
 
I 
85'' 10' 
 
0 
 
2 
 
3 \11LES 
 
~--~----L--~ 
 
0 
 
2 
 
3 
 
4 KILOMETERS 
 
I ~ 
,z 
18 
 
~ 
 
0 
 
1a:- 
 
r<( 
 
i ----- -..,-- _____J 
 
POLK 
 
COUNTY 
 
- - - -..J 
 
Morii~ii'f_l 0fwr t in 1977 Gen era: H ghwav C.c1ap of F! oyd Cil~nty, G:eOf[jiJ Dept Of Trans:Jdrt;;;t!o'