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DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES 
D!v1SION OF MINES. MINING AND GEOLOGY 
425 STATE CAPITOL ATLMlW.., GEORGIA 
Gar le::td PGyton 
Dire0tor 
 
INFORiiiATION CIRCULAR NO. 11 
 
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AND 
 
IN 
 
A Compilation october, 1940 
 
 DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES 
DIVISION OF MINES, MINING AND GEOLOGY 
425 STATE CAPITOL ATLANTA, GEORGIA 
 
GLASS SAND .AND GLASS-MAKING MATERIALS IN GEORGIA 
 
The following report is largely a compilation of information from Georgia Geological Survey Bulletin 3'/ and from the files of the Division of Mines, Mining and Geology. Some introductory and relative material has been derived also from Industrial Minerc.ls and Rocks, published by the American Institute of liJ!ining c.nd Metallurgical Engineers. 
INTRODUCTION 
 
Sand composes from 52 to 70 per cent of the bulk of the mixture of raw, glass-making materials, and upon it depends the transparency, lustre, and :b..ardness of the glr.ss. It may range from high-silica sand, containing but n small percontL..ge of iron oxide, to materiel with several per cent l ess silica and as much as one per cent iron oxide. Tho grain may be round, subc.ngulc.r, or angular.-1/ A careful consideration of its qU&li ties is, therefore, extremel:t importc.nt. Although purity and grading of the sond is essential, :it is only rarely that these qualities are idec.lly developed in the natt1I'<:.l product. It is interesting that generally throughout the Viorld, the purest sc.nds, from the st&ndpoint of silic& content, aro found in the later geologic<:l formations. This is due to the longer period during which the: quartz grains hu.ve been reworked by water many times and their impuri tie::> ct:~rrit:Jd off. Both unconsolidated sand Dnd ceMented sc.nd, or sandstone, are usoo in glass manufacture. When SLndstonc is used crushing is necessary, an..l consequently a fairly friable stone which breu.ks down easily between the grains, rc..thcr than across the grc.ins, is desirable. 
 
Frequent attempts hc.vo been made to use ground quartz in the manufacture of glu.ss, but they .hc.vo invariably been failures due to the great cost of crushint:; the tough quartz to the requisite fineness. 
 
CJ.wmical Composition 
Tho chemiccl composition of a glcss sand should show the percentages of silicc.. (Si0;2), iron (Fe203), alumh~& (Alz03 ) and the loss on ignition, (wo.ter and org:.:-nic matter). 
 
,Silica. -- Boswdl s~ys that the silic& percentage should be preferably over 98 per cent, although f or common bottle glass the percentnge may drop as low as 95 per cent c.nd in tho best opticc.l class at least 99.5 per cent silica sh-Juld be in the sc::.nd. Some Illinois and Ponn::Jylvania sands c.ttain a content of 99.9 per cent silica. In 600 anc.lyses 
 
. 
 
U A.'TI. Inst. Phn. I11ot. Eng; Industricl minerals and rocks, p. 754. 1940 
 
 -~- 
 
of 210 differ ont gl~ss scn~s cited ~j R. I. Frink, the highest silica content vras 99.71 .c.n.: thf_ l owe:.;t 88 . 51, but it is sdd that the latter mude better glr:ss thcx1 tho former , due t o .:-.lumin a in tho sc.nd . 
 
I r on . -- Iron, either in the:: f orn of oxide s, limonite or magnetite, or in other rr:inerLls , is particulc.rly undenirc.blc i n glass s.::nds, since it gi vcs tho gluSf3 n gret.:n or ;yellov color. I'.1uch mor e lc.xi ty hr.s been a llowed i.n t he po.:3t f ew yec.rs in setting tho iron content lioi ts them formerly, sinco i t h~s been found that for most purposes just c.s good gl ass can bo mc.de with o. sono-..hr.t hiGher content. Al though r. glass send, coopuro.tiveiy fr ee from irvn, ts gonorc.lly snmt- :-;h:ite, the color of n s<:.nd a.lone is not .:.n ind1cr ti on o1' its purity, sinee ninute particles of J.anEneti tu or ilnmli tC; nuy uccur thr oueh tlle sL.nd c.nd be almost invisible, y8t they vd.ll sor.1etimes givc the sand c..r1 iron content of as much :.:.s one .t-1er c .mt . 
 
For the best fl:Lr..t {:nd o.~tict.:.l el c..ss Bosrrell believes the iron, 
c.s F o.....t,.;),.Ovz, should not excewd 0 . 0 5 per cant , but for window and pl tlte gl css, 0 . 1 . 0 . 2, r,nd even 0 . 3 1Je:r cent c.re per r.:issible . Burchc.rd consi<lers 0 . 2 per eent Fe203 as the; linit for S<.~nJ. used in plate glass manufacture . 
 
Buttro..r.1 gives 0.3 tv 0 . 4 1)or cent as pcru.issiblu porce:ntc.t;eS in plo.te c;lnss wlwn -Jeevl oriz:i.nt5 ::t:onts c~ro used &nd calls attention to 
 
SOLle grades of F.nglish ;.Jlnte :....m.. \dnc.1v.-, t;lc.ss containinc.; as much as 1. 92 
 
, 
 
per cunt iron. French mocnonicall y illessed plo.t<:~ gla.ss nver:.:ges 0 .14 per cent iron . The SC:iJf~ c..uthori tJ S!Jol.lks o f load glass conU:.ining up to 
 
1. 93 per c<mt iron c.nO. 5 per c~:nt irvn in sJr.J.v lirae [.lass , v1ith the 
 
better grnJ es )f bott l e flass C:.VEJl'C.Ll.ng 0 . 65 per cent . 
 
The Pittsbur5b Platl' Jlc.ss Coopuay considers the hon limit for :pl.:::.te ~le.ss c..s 0 . 1 :por cent, but _prc:fers 0 . 05 vcr cent. For white b;)ttles the iron c;..;ntent sh.:.mld not nuch exceed 0 . 5 .1:1er cent, but for other b0ttl es tho ir.)u e v.nt::nt may r-::.ncc frof.l 0 .5 }ler Ci.:nt to 7 :iJer cent . 
 
ALUIHN#. -- a urd.n;.:.. in gl::tss for rof.rt.!ctory ; ork :L:s .lesiruble , sinco i t mo.k(;S c. c-~las5 th{.d~ stLn1l8 !.18lt::.nc v.-itholt"t t:hm.1ee  .t\lurninu in tho forr.a of cl:~y J.~; [;L:D l ~rc lly thoucht t0 b(; hit;hljr Ul1..i.l.3sirr,blc , since it cloud~ the ..:lass . Buttrr.n1 i~l vcs 0 . 1 pc.r cen t 11.1203 ns the linit in s cnd.s for the WJluf[~C:tUl.' ~) ...Jf hi~)1 gr r..cle f'l.:Lnt w.:::.rE: , v1hil e up to 0. 6 t v 0 . 7 per Cl~Jit s.lupint. uccur8 ln n~.ny sm1ds f or wind..>w nnd 
pl n te gl.nss ncrmuf.acture. Jn lltttle t..lc.~s :2.2 i.1CJ.' c~.,;nt is cbJut the 
D.Vel'::lt[.e . 
 
Fril:.k b(~lieves thn:L u.lumina is bo.d for 0ptlcnl glt:ss 1 but tl'le.t f or nost other r.:;.lc.:.ps , r~..i.uninc is not hnrmfcl . He cit.__~; c:1.ses in v;hich excell ent gluss w~:s mr..t:le frc;B r. s<..nd containing 6 ~)vr -.ent and thinks 
even us r.mch .:-.s 10 JOT cent ll(>t prohibitiv(; . Tht:: alumina nids the nnn eo.line; of the t;l o.ss, reduc i)S t.he coefficient of expcu~sion, und pre- 
 
 -3- 
vents, to a large extent, tho formation of cords or strings, making the glass more homogenevus. On the other hand alumina decreases the fusibility of elass, and increases the viscosity where it occurs in amounts over 3 per cent. On the whole, then, for !!'lost grades of glass, alumina in small amounts may be considered beneficio.l rather than harmful. 
M&mesia. -- Formerly 0.2 to 0.4 per cent magnesia was believed the limit in the batch, but Fink mentions a plant producing good glass and using 6 to 9 per cent magnesia in the limestone alone. fie believes, however, the total magnesia in sand and limestone should not exceed 6 per cent. 
Analyses of High-grade Glass Sand 
 
Constituents 
 
1 
 
2 
 
3 
 
4 
 
5 
 
6 
 
Silic<:t (SiO..,) .. 99.35 99.22 99.89 99.34 99.88 99.80 
 
Alumina (Alf03) .. .14 .32 .105 .297 .18 .13 
 
r:on oxide Fe~03 )  
 
.012 .14 
 
.005 .043 .02 
 
.006 
 
L1me ru1d manes1a  trace .18 trace .15 
 
trace 
 
(CaO and MgO) 
 
------- 
 
........... Total 
 
100.002 99.86 100.00 99.8 50 100.08 99. 936 
 
1.- Oriskany sanustone, Mapleton, Pa. 2.- Dugen sandstone, Talbequah, Okla. S.- Crisk<lny sandstone, Berkely, W. Va. 4.- Dakota sandstone , Perry County, Mo. 5.- Best lippe sund, Saxony 6.- Fontainbleuu sand, near Pcris, France 
A:3 a rule, snnds whose choniccl composition conforms to the silica, iron, end alumina limits, <vlll not show more thun a trcce of lime, magnesia, titnnia, und tho alkalies. A l:1igh alurninu. content frequently means a high titunia content. The effect of titanio., although injurious, is little known. Water, since it c~u.ses t::ir bubbles, and organic matter has reQucing qualities; both are objectioaable where a high grade of gla~s is desirable. 
Mineral composition 
In view of the fc..ct that quartz iB pure Si09 , a sand. tho.t is almost entirely composed of quartz grains will ~~st likely be free from impurities. The heavier and darker minerals such as magnetite, hornblende, leucoxene, titanite, and i~enite, are Ulrlesirnble, since such materials 
 
 - 4- 
often contribute l.Ltrgoly to the iron content of a sa nd. Their elimination, therefore, wlll grcutly improve a sc..nd. Exaoinntion of a 3P..nd mineralogically also serves <:~s a check on its character and on the deposit from which the sand cc..me, since usually t;U!.ss sands are uniform in their mineral cuntent, and any chnnge noted will indicate a change in source, or the introduction of some impurity in transit. 
A mineral exunination of sand is readily made with a pocket magnifying glass. If some of the sa:1d is placed in a drop of clove oil undor & microscope, t he fine quartz, sinc:e its i11dex of refraction is .about the same as that of the clove oil, will sto.nd out in relief. Any co::1ting, likely to c.ccount for r.:. h:Lgh iron content, can be observed in this '.my, since such coating C<:!.Use otherwisE; pure quartz to be visible through the oil. 
Mecho.nical Composition 
Some gl.s.ss makern who havo studied their send in great d etail 
put thG question of g:ca:Ln size on a jlr.r v:ith that of chemical composition. Grading ls indeed a nost imporumt f ac tor IJ.S numerous moc.hnnicc.l nnc.lyses have shown, yet few f;lass makers give it r,mch ntt~.mt.:i.on. 
Bcswdl think~ a. ootch should h:.-:.ve at lenst 70 per ecnt of the 
i sarri of or;e t,rl'.de, pr ...fen"'.blo fr01.1 to -~mn. in diarnoter (30 to 55 mesh). 
Co:crs e gr0.b.s are left Ulll!'.elted as in the molten batch. Fine material such ~::.s Jil-t. c1d clny- is pnrticularly undesiri'..IJle, s .:.nco it clouds the glcss o.llC: permits the inclusirm of :1ir v.rhich cc.u~;es bubbles. Fine r.:::ttcrial clso melts frst and sinki ng to tho bottom C[~uses layers of tmeven den;Ji ty, which lc.tei produces 11wavy11 or 11cordu 11 clews vrhen blovm. 
Burch.::.rd considers that the sand should be of .medium fineness passing c. 20 t<) 50-mesh r.CI' ')en,. and that sand unii'orwly finer than one sixictl: of an inch is so.itl ~o burn out. Boswell, hov;ever, says that san(: nf tLis lr~tter size will not burn vut. In generr~l, finer sa~ld is us c.:u by B1iUs~ gl>.SS-ITl..iJ.kc:.s than by l:Jnericc.n i_;lt:iH.l-t;akers. 
Kumuel c:nd Gaeo say 11 If tho naj or.l ty of tte gr::i.ins have a diarr.etE:r less tLo.n 0.136 m.illinetur (p.::,;Jsing c. sieve havinr, 120 meshes per linet.r i nch) thL1 aanci L'l said to 1burn out r in the be..tch c..nd will not prod, w,_;~ o.s much glass per unit o.s W1Wn composed of coarser grains. Wh(m the gr.::ins are unifon:1ly lc.rgor thnn 0. 64 miiliGett')r ( 30 mesh) in diameter mo:~e time is requlred to fuse them t:1an othurwise, this lowers t ho ruaount of S[.~nd ench furnace cnn melt per \.lay anJ incrG['.ses the cost of the glD. SS produced. " 
 
 Similc.r limits f or the size of the grruns e..re given by Buttram. The following mAchD.n'ieGl an.:1lyses of typical glass :mnds from various sources ere civen: 
 
Mechun:i.cal Juwlyses of Glr~ss Sands 
 
-----'-'~"" 
 
Percentuge.s possing 
 
Open.tor 
-------- - 
Ottawa Silic~ Co. 
 
Lot-ality Co::Lor 
 
:::o 40 
 
mesh mesh 
 
..- -- ----------- 
 
Ottu.wr. , Ill Wh>.te 
 
99 8b 
 
60 100 mesh mesh 
18 5 
 
E. J. Reynolds 
& Co. 
 
Utica, Ill. Gn.yish 
yellow 
 
99 45 11 5 
 
Tavern Rock Sand Co. 
 
KlonJ.iko,Mv.Fulnt pink- 100 82 17 2 ish yellgw 
 
~acifi.c Gb.ss 
 
Pr:.cif::.c,i.:o. F:.:.:.r.!t ~rolla.; 100 96 46 2 
 
Sand Co. 
 
Direct from qw.rr:r 
 
I 
 
West \iirginic 
 
Berkeley Gr.yL.:h 
 
100 98 
 
1 
 
Sond Cc. 
 
Finidh ,t:J:rod,wt 
 
- - - - --- -- -- 
 
-- 
 
-  _ .. - - -  - - -- - - - 
 
---"'-'-""-'=~="'-'-- 
 
} s he.;.:~:) gr&in, ::::i nc8 1. -Ls (:Jdg,es l\:se ;nore roul ilj, i s Generally . b elitJ'"Cd ntoro -.:es ::.ra:)le. ~jnny plan t::> in th e Mississippi Vc.l1 ~:y region an<l in o ~-he:.: "X:.rt.:.: oi' t i1c Uni'l:,e(;. ft--t+,c-3 o.r0 proJ:'cir:~.o :t.Ll gr:.'.u.e ~ o:' glc.n8 , i..1.clucHng .:.!:a rest ..CJ.i11+ ,rtre, f~ om s:.'.'' d. ..f' ::ound!~.l g:::Lls . Wl1o.t 1v E:' -: ~.r. .: ~ ~..; !:.he sL::.ns of !:,):.,) ~::~nt: ~J. .:1 i.~.s ; .::! ] 1 a vE' Llf0rl tlle molting 
of t :.E" o. l~1 ' , " I' npon i:.hc :-;.L2.:,:.> , it i.;o }Jl':) bc.'!J..Ly tc>J 5:1s.ignificn.nt tc' 
be wortL~- ,_; ;.: . nsi.cJ.e~c~t::. vn. 
 
 -G- 
 
Mcrt.J;odo of Ir1proverwnt 
 
Very often a:'.nd, t:p}Jnre:ntly 1.msuit(~d for tho manufr.cture of gle..ss, nr.y be ridclcn vf its in.purit1.c~, by sir.1r.ly and. cornp.::-.ru.tively inexpcnsivo trcntraent. S.:md:.> us eel for r:.akint:; inferior grc.des of bottle glass ca~1 sumetitws be .impr oved in this Waf, so thc.t they ccn be employed in the :r.u-:nuf=lcturE:: o.f bl tter ;1C.SS Llld SO incre.:~se their Value  
 
Washinr~ . - fill a moans )f r er.;ovinc; tilt.:: clc.y, Hi tl1 it::: iron and alumina 
content, waching :w.s becm 1:10st frequentl;r resor ted. tu, c.nd it is surp r isin g how mnHy :.'.p1x~roatly v.urti1loss St:'.nds cr.n be ::11~do sui tablG f;)r glc.ss by washing . 'I!K folbvling tc.blc :>hows the result of vr<..:.shi.ng a s0.nd (No 1) 
from noc.r Blr.ckshec,r, Georgie (sec Georgia Geol. Surve;y Bu1l. 37, p 228) , the c..vero.g<: :...nalynis (No. 2) of .:1 l.::tr ge nunber of' s:...nds r;;ude by the Pitts-burgh Pl1..ttc Gl.:.tss Conpany, nnJ the o.nulysis of .2.. slime fr;)J.I c. w::shed Ottawn. sr.;.nd . 
 
Analyses of ik..sh~~d c,nd Um.-c.shod Gl.:1ss Sends 1:~.nJ Slimt... - - -- ------- 
Wt:>..shed 
 
Slir.;e 
 
.'.I... 
 
2 
 
2 
 
Silica (SlO,:J     .   .       95.20 
 
99.405 
 
Ferrlc oxiu:) (Fu,)O ~) . . .  .  . 2.11 
 
. 075 
 
Alumina (111203 ) :. ~  .        1.16 
 
. 210 
 
Alkalies , .. .. .. . . ...... .... . .... . .... . 
 
Loss ~:rr ign.t t.ion  .. .     .76 
 
. 170 
 
~J9.49 
. 31 
. 05 
.04 
 
99 . 782 .031 . 049 
. 100 
 
87.21 7 . 50 . 52 
.20 
 
SoJ:wt.i.r.os th~: ir.;prwenent of t'10 :!.rcn C.mt :mt by ''!c.shing is toe smu:t.l to wr.rrc.n t t ;w e;.t)EH1:::e, in YJ.N .;f t h:; Cvrl'{lf>yondiDt; loss in ulum'Lrlc.., whic~1, as .[Jl'CVL.l.wly po.Lntucl uut, L3 n .w:.;.i.rable consti tuont of t~1e s-.-.nJ . 
W!lsl:iue nvt c nl;, r<)TJO'\"t;S e J.ergc ...;<!rt of t:.lt'? iron c.:mtent, but it c.J.su rei::.:Jvcs, e b.Jn fr.x. hieh-r,rt~<.le setKJ.s , cvnsiclerr bl8 finely J.ivldeJ silica., wlJ.';h mny 'r.Jc, injurL:ms, us we11 r.s urgnic metter :.nd other iuiJUritius whose Jc:'.:.er .i..!.':catal c~cti on i t is clmJir~.ble t..> reduce. If tl~e iron .:,c('.urs .:n tho sc~)lC ) .::..8 m.:'.gr18ti tv, ilmenite, ~a similar mut..]riL.ls , v.1lich occur in smell gr:-ins; .)T :tf the qw:~tz grc.ins ure: co:1tod with n ~ersis'Lt.;nt film .)f lim;.:,.ni tc, v::.1t:hL1g d.ll nut. lllr.:toriuJ.ly impro".Te 
tho snnd. 
Wushj_ng ~.s cxt<)ns.iv-e.l.y GL1pJ.oyecl :in Illinois, h\;st Virgiuiu , Ponnsylvuniu, en~)- t () u lesser e:{tont in Indio.nu, Ohio, c.nd Missouri. 
 
 -7- 
 
The r.wthods -.:.re l:lricfly Jost.!ribed tmt.lcr Prepar:-.ti.Jn of S<md for the ME'..rket. (Set; Gec,rgta Go..Jl. f)urve; Bull. '6'7, p . l:~O). 
 
Mq.n etic T;rGct.r:lG~1t . - Since mc.gneti to end L.Lmenite, whi ch fr equE:ntl;)' are ~ source .)f 1rcn ia gl c.ss secnd, c..re megnetic, the pos~>ibili ty of removing tr!e:J G r!lincrc.ls by the: USJ of electromagnets is suggostE:d, o..s well as particles of iron abrnded  fro:;, tl:e crushing uac.liner y by the hard qua.rtz grain>  J\t lecst one t;b.Gs racker uses this r.:ethod to improve his send. 
 
ScreGning. -- Kwamel and Gc.ge h::.ve ned:) experirnonts showing thct Llinor.::tls such c.~ m<..gnuti tr:;, ti tc..ni tc, ilw:::ni te, and leuco::xene, v:ilich arc highly ft; rruginous , gcncrc.lly occur in sanJ .<.:J g:cc ins Hhi cL puss an 80-rnesh scri:Hm . Their suggestion; of screoning out the crains pc-.ssing 80-mesh, befnre wniketin[;, is cn .:;xcellcnt onJ , ;.-,nd sL::mld be invcsti.go..ted by j,;roJucors wishing to incrcc..so the vT.lue of the i.1 sr.,nd, ::1 thout;h i t is lib..:ly t.h~.t ,;j_ th t~1c ,;rc:~ent t:wthvcls of scroening, considerable <iifficulty Hill be c.:ncounterL:d in <.loi1lf: thi~> sc onomically. Not nll s c.nds, howevc:r, ovvc their iron conLont to tl1esu finG--grained blc::.ck r,;inortc1s . Mm.r Georg!. a ~cn:ls , ('S t~1cy occur in thE: pit arc lxaTed i'ron use in gl.::tDS--ma.l:inc b;;r t~wir l:Li::)iLi.t0 cvntont, rnthor then th::::ir magnetite contc11t. 
 
Table Sho;;in.e; Ilfi)Jl'JVcncmt F.ffectc.:d by Scrucning Ou-t. Sand 
 
I 
 
l"'ans.i. llL~ 00 :-:1es:1. 
 
Snr:~>lc 669 1. 
 
Before 
 
~i.ft cr 
 
.:'.f'ter 
 
screening scn:ening screeJ!in;_; scr~enlng 
 
Iron oxide (Fe203) . . .. . ,.;.0.0068 
Ti k.n.io. (T_i O;;)             0 . 117 
- J..l~1nc. (ill0 03 )         .   0.2?G 
 
0 . 0022 
0 .0:~4: 
0 . 085 
 
0.0114 
0 . 23! 0 .366 
 
0.0029 0.04M 0.106 
 
In \fG;.>t V:Lrg::..i'.:i. r., Pu:rnsyJ.vr.nic.;~ f~iL>S.J Uri, KnnsL~s, [,nd Oklahvma., IT10st of the L;l:.:.ss sc.na .._JroJuced if.l fr o1:1 s,~ndstonc . Th:i.s must, of coursu, be quarrit;d. or nin:.1c.l , rrushud , rcrcenc:<l, mwhed, d.r c.:Lne;I , t.lriod, und fincily SCl'Cc::rwd in-Lc, t.lc C..Js:Lrc:cl t;::..zes. If the s~.ndstono is 
 
 -8- 
friable, hydrc.ulL~ qu<crryint is generally m::ployed but usw:..l ly the use of some J.ynaMi te is nocessc.r;; to loosen the h:uder led:ses. FE~irly pure s .nndstono is found in Walker Coun-ty or Hocky Fac0 in this Stntc and c.n attempt wns uade in 1915 to work lt . 
M;!ni..n_g__Qf Glnss &:.nd .JJ -- Tlw metllods oJLtployed for ,;orking uncon- 
solidated d\3~)0Si to> are much the sc.me as those employed for other grades of sand. Stcrun-shcvel mining is possible, but ali many illc.nts suction dredges are employed. This is an a.dvc.ntn.geous method, as the sand hc.s to be washed, and moreover, it uncler goes & scrubbing in pasniag n.l ong the pipe line . Stripping should in some i nste:.nces be cc.rrir::.cl on in Gdva.nce of the working , to prevent im_r)ure overburden f1om c~wing or wash:lng dorm into tho pit \"Ihero t h ere :i. s daneer of this . The Cmsolide.ted send stones thc.t ..re v1orke<1 are Llostly friable c:.nd e&sily crushed . The quarr ying methods Jcpond somcv1h<::t on v:het her the beds are steeply dipping or f l at. In places, u.s in eastern Missouri, underground r.~ethods arc used. 
Gl~ss sand obt[:ined fr om the Coastt.l Pln:i.n area of Georgia is unconsolidated and r.~ay be removed by ht:nd or pm.-er shovclf>, load ers, or c entrifugal pUT:lpa. In r:w.ny pl aces the overburden is so unsuited for clnsn pur:t)uses that it -Ls neccsc:J.ry to keep it c.nd. the glass sa>1J apart, so  tht,_t hcmd recovery hr,s beca found Lore f>c::.tisf:-_ctory th:m ~echanicnl mcc..ns . 
 
S}lecificntions for Cher;,tcal Cor.1.1:JOS:L tiv~'Y 
 
I 
 
'Jf Glass Send 
 
-- - - -  - - - 
 
---- -- ------ 
 
.Si02 
 
--------- ----H-i:1:-L-r:m-G 
 
First quc.li ty, o;rti co.l glass Second quality, flint glas~ 
 
99 . 8 98 . 5 
 
containers and tu.bleW(lrC 
 
Third qut:..li ty, flint ;lo.ss 
 
95.0 
 
Fourth qu&J..ity, sheet blc.ss rolled ~mel polished plate 
 
98 . 5 
 
Fifth qur..lity, sheet glnss rolled c.rrl pol:lshed platu 
Sixth quo.lity, green t.luss 
containers c..nd \:i nd.ow class Seventh qu:::li ty, green gJ.[~f3~ 
 
95.0 98 . 0 95. (; 
 
Eighth qunli t;;, L;J''1bcJ~ t::J.nss containers 
 
98 . 0 
 
Ninth quality, n:ober 
 
95 . 0 
 
.Al23 
 
-F~o")o'7. 
 
Mmdrnm Ma~f.ium 
 
o0 ..1s 
 
0 . 02 0 .035 
 
(1. 0 
 
0 . 035 
 
u.s 
 
() . (16 
 
4 . '..1 
 
O.OG 
 
o. t.i 
 
0 .-3 
 
4.0 0. 3 0. 5 1.0 
 
4.0 1.0 
 
CaO - MgO Maximum 0 .1 
0.2 
0.5 0.5 
0. 5 
0.5 
0.5 0.5 
0.5 
 
U iu;J . Inst . r.1::.n. Met . Eng . , I:1J.ustr i.::.J. minGrals and rocks 
.i_) . 757 . 1940 
g_/ Idem. P 757. 
 
 -9- 
Tho vc..rL.Ju;:; methods of raininc; , wr.shin;i, screening end other tr outr:~en ts Jf Gt.::or gi-:1 1s .;lass i>c.nd;:; c.1c descr.i. iJcd in Gcort;ic. Geological Surve.f Bulletin 5'7. 
It will be not ed in th0 f\.<LL!WiL1g that we have supmQtGd these r:w. ter.i1..:ls into three cl.nss.ifici..o.tiurw: (1) glnsr> s:..nd, (2) quartz , t.md (3) quE:.rtzi to. I c h<:.s buen net.;essarj to mGke this ser~nruti..Jn llecause of tho f c.ct thc.:L S:i)Oc.Lfic screen an~:lyses r:tay be desired. Glc ss sc.!l1 cc..n be used r.1or ;; eLsily ':"fhen s c rccm separati on is r equi.rc:d thru1 c<:n E:i t ller qu~~rtz or qu.-::rtzi te i'nr it .is ne:ccssa.ry that they have not only <.... Jrclimin('_r;r [,ll(~ scconat:ry t.;rinding but c,lso 
a screen su1)Ur-Tti-.m. 
It is .t:;:paront thut by far the lurger proporta.on of these analyses exceeds in one ,;[tY or nnuthor the lirJ..i. t;:; UGWJ..lly set. I t is our opunor. thc.t, e.-e '1 tbvugh the iron and alur;d.na contents t.r c slightly in excess of the u.su:J.l J..ir.:i ts, L'- xcgulrrri ty of anc. lys es fr;;m the entire d()posi t wculcl h0 n r. eu.sj er m:::tLer to b[>.nJlc tba.~ ono in vvllich tho COL'lpunent tJC.rts <~Y'(; v::.r-i.::l blu. In othe:.:- wvi:>rds, it nc.y bo possible by labor(lt0ry C(mt::.'o.L to i.' lux Nrt i.-he i r on to the rl.J.uirc!d r-no unt. In uny ovont, some tJ:c.:: tr:.cnt; .)i' t~w r .::,w r.J(..tc:ric.1 1:ill bo roqu.i.recl for whc.tcvor iJUrposes it 1><-".Y bo put. Thi s is ehiofly duu to the fact t~t ~11 such Dc.tJri<:..ls r.r ..:; C'.JP.iposud of phy~dc.:::.l rr,ixturc:::s, such L.S s and, clay t..n.:.i I:-tie G, ' nJ.r -(l: ~turt~llys thn cluy t.'..nJ t he nic.:'. must be ret1oved bf.fore i.~H~ s.:-tnd can he trc:L". t ,Jd ::.11cl utili:;cu f or glc.ss purposes. 
 
 -10- 
GLASS SAND 
L} 
Baker Coun.:t.: 
This, supe:cfieial s.::..nds, [;.Gnornl1y \'/hi tc, cove:c most of the nreL of Bt~kor County . Borderin1:.~ l~lint River and Iche.wo.:,rnochavmy o.nd Chicknsnnhatchoe crcGks, irrcgulo.r terrace deposits of re.tller inferior SD.rld occur. Good coarse s.:.LrH.l occurs t,wncrn11y in Flint River, and PJediUJl-grc.incd sene .is fountl in s::J.41l h ~rs t.1.mg the t.>m creeks mentioned c.bove. 
A l:::rgo sc.nll o[.clk occurs below the r.1outh of Icht~wn;vnocho.we.y Creek on Flint River t.~t the KoJ.l~ plt..:ce, anu the <lu'1e s of mediumgrc.inod, yellmd.s:1 S<-"J10. 1)ccur c,long Flint Hiver 19 n.i..len be1ovJ Newton. This scnJ is quito sinilc.r to ~h:.t occurring in Mi tc:tcll County opposite Nenton. 
The locnl sc.n(l sup;_Jly of nc;;ton is obtuined i'ro11 the banks of Coosewc.hce Creek, half Q nil e north of the to~m ~>n the J;l b..~ny roc.d. This sc.'1u i..=; nne-cr,.i. nocl , but is sui tn1Jle for plester 0 r r)rick norto.r. Tho wl.litones:, of t Lis s-:~nd ::mgbes tod :i.ttl usc for s1n~s-r~nking &nd an anc.lysis w~.s r:1udo. 
 
I 
Mn[nGSi::t (M,0) .. 1; . 12 
Alw:rJ.na (..A12o3 . ~             0.12 
Iron oxiJc (Fo...,u.,)..           1. 27 .Sl'l1' ca ',"~'1'l)2 ) "."w........ 98.21 
 
To tal 
 
99 .72 
 
Burrien County 
At rr.nny pl~ces thicknesses of from i:: to fJ feet of pure white 
i SD.nd occur c:ssoci.:::.teJ. th CYiJrGI3S sw.:.JiipS nn.:.:. cYLhu- undru..i.ned dc- 
prcssion . Tho ori0imtl y L:llov; or br ::y sc:..nC:. ::,:'.:.> .iJrobc.bly been 1cc.ched of i tn i ron co:.rt.t.:nt by tl tc ort;rnic :1eids 1)rcduc ed in the swruap humuc, :.:.nJ th-.; s:-nd is ~~iJ1Jt:l'lmtly &;tu'c Lhwugh f rJI' e lass manufacture . Deposits uf chL,; kinJ ::ccur +i:l!'-)U[hout t ;1e COUHty; their thicknGSD is unc0rtd.ll ;_nd tl1l:y ~~e,>cnd up\m the si ~~f. of t.he swtmpy ::tree. for thdr oxtGnt. T~1e sc.nd is of J.ittlc VGlur; nm:, due to lack uf r .ni1 trc.nsj,Jortc.t-Lv.ll, bnt. :Lt 1"':-r.:..y Lc tl futuro scurce of t.mpply. 
 
v 'l'e;s, L.''P:-:-s:.:md:~;;<l rrrc.YCJ. de_t.)OSi ts of Geor;).n; ---- - - 
 
Geo.rfic. 
 
Gcul. 
 
Survoy 
 
B 
 
u 
' 
 
l 
 
l.. 
 
3'7, 
 
p. 
 
154, 
 
1921 
 
U Iciem: p, :1.69 
 
 -11- 
r ure, nhi to lJcnJ c.lso un.lmHc.s t.he yollowisi~ sc.nd to o. thickness of from 3 t::> 6 f cut. n.Lo.ng: Wit::U.c.c()ochce El vor c.n'l. repre sents t.:ncient deposits mo.de by tho ri V8r. Uo 1:naJ.ysos ..ore T:l:ldc of o.ny of this sc.nd, but the reLdor i:::; rcfr~rr1.')cl to tllf) following o.nc,1;:,r::Ji s 0f 'I'-238 v:hich is o. similar sanJ oc c urr in:s w.:;}3t of LitHe Eiver on the k1cl-Hoult ri 8 ro.::td. 
 
Little Riv<'>r. --On the MoulLri L:-Adol ro::d .mst of Little River tho foll ')Wint; soction is s!wvm: 
 
Section wvst of Littl..; River on the.: Moultri o-Ad..;l roo.J 
 
Dirty yellow , snndy cl ay <.:..nd silty sru'ld    6 f eet Fi110-grc.inc.~, YThite sc..nd ....................... .. .... 8 f eet 
 
A sample of the vthit (, s and wau ['..nulyzccl to s oe who"Lher it v:o.s pure enough f or glass nnCt the follor.i ne r Gsults obtained: 
 
1\nc.lys:i.s of Sc..nc'l. f ro!:'. Litt,J.e Fiver, AJc-1-Mo uJ.tde r:oad. T-238 
 
LlEe (Cc.O) . . . . .  . . . . .  . .     .   0. OG 
 
Mr..tenosin (i.l!:O )  u.lJ. 
 
.o\l.Ul:-Jino. (Alc..;..03) . , . ,    ,  , ,  , . 
Fmric.: oxido (:V'e"9"0 0 ) . . . . . . . . . . . 
 
O.lJ. 
o. c..J<1.. 
 
S 'l' (s .)2 ) 6 '. l .lCD. ll 
 
0,;O" , I            .. . . . . . 
 
{.:, 
 
'Iotd 
 
99 . m 
 
I t is not knt~\,n v.l1..:th')l' t 11is v:h:.i. t ;} s~tnc.l ext(m:la t.:> th0 Georg"ia & 
FLJri,1u f..aiJ.wo.~ c:r.'os.:;in0 nw ~,ih: t o t :w north, ht.t l t is typical of the 
so.nd ;.;o E;enor al1y sc:,~n :Ln (;his part of the 11 v;:i.r e &.r:.:~Hil 11 r(gi;-.m :tlcng str eams 
c.no. in Si ie;:lpy J;;.roas. A c .)urscr-g;:r.i.Jwd , whit1: s:ncl, pl'ob:.bl.f of small t hickness, pr.rr.llels t:10 Host sick of the :d v or c. f (;\'; hun~rea f oct ro.ck f ror..t it. 
 
I..t.b:n<.tOl"J No. 6413 
- - - -------- 
 
So<ia (N!.!.">O)  . ..  .. . , 22 
 
F2rrlc SilJ.'cc. 
 
(cJ.'Or) -.>~Xide 
 
lo...J 
 
;:: 
 
(Fe 2o;1) 
I I I I If I I 
 
.                65 
 
I III III II II III 
 
99 ].9 
 
I 
 
I 
 
""" 
 
Tot~l .......... , . 99 . 87 
 
Dr. Evcrlw.rt:., Cl";.m;.i s!L------- - -------::----.,.-- .hl!fUJf;, 15, 1927 
 
~ ~ 
 
 
 
- 
 
' .., 
 
.'1 
 
- ....... ~ ~  
 
,., . . 
 
Teas, 1. P., band and gr a vel depos1ts of Geo1gia; 
Georgia Geol. Survey Bull. ~7 , p . 180 , 1921. F'iles - Georgia D.L visi.<.,n of h:Lnt~s, M.ining a nd Geoloe;r . 
 
 -12-Pr(lperty noar Blal<:Gly, Goorci:.. 
 
- - - - - - - - -  -   -  -  - ----   - - - - - l'J.uminn (1u2o.; ) . , .... 0.13 
Ferric oxic.le tl:"o203)  2.'79 
SilicL>Us Residue .... . ...... 97.75 
 
To-tGl ............. 100.67 
 
Silicious rosidw:J is alEiost ontiroly silica uxcopt fo:.t.' a very fev; flnk._:s of rJico.cevus ffi[;, terl.:"l. 
 
'rhos E two Dc,r,lple:J wore .c.ppur <Jntly fror:1 t:w sr.r.1c preporty. 
 
J. Thomas AJ.:::.ir, Cbcnist 
 
October 18, 1938 
 
Properc;.r tluco ailt313 cc.st uf F'r::nklin 
 
- -- - - - - - - - - -..-- -- ------- -..------ ----=--- 
 
Moisture e:-L 100d c . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .02 
 
IJo:s ~ 011 iLlli ti.cD.  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . It 9 
:o l.L.l m>,., inC:v (l ~ 20  ) .   . . . .  .   . .  . . .   
 
o 12  -t..):2 
 
Ferric u.xiC:io ~Fo2o 3 )             .  .58 
Silicc. ( S:~o2 ) .  . ,  98.96 
 
To t :-.:.1     .               ].00. 00 
 
D:c. Evorl!.o.rt, Chdt~.i.s t 
') 
J:.Qbnson Ccun..:ti..::/ 
 
July 2'1, l.92i:i 
 
WilliJ.HS Pr:.iperty - On tho C. L. Vv'iJ.l1.-:ns proJ?<~rt;: 4 nilus fr(JT:l Ki to and wi't,hin t-~,o n ile r.:> (;f tho Wadlc;r S.Jut~lern Rc:ilv;c.y, o.:cc four tJ.cres of wh1 te sc:nd G feet j_n t.Lickness L'.nd sui'fj.ciently puro t~ be us ad in the r.:u:.nuf<:<ctur0 of h:) ~ t L; gl :cst> c..nr: t}1C:J chet".per grades :Jf nind.or: elo.ss. 1\n r.nnlys:i. s uf u sc..Lpl.;:; of tho ~:;<.mel f3 _mt by Mr. Willil.".f.'is from this deposit gmre tho f oll,wdnt; results: 
 
..1L ::J}-Files, Divls'l. ..m o{ Mines, Miinnt; c.nc.1 Gbolog-; TeaE, L. P., .Sand c.nd gravel depof)its of Georgia; 
~-'-Georgia Geol. _Survey Bulj:. ' 37, pp. ~1~~1~ 19~~1. 
 
 - 13 - 
 
f,nc.lysis of (;l&c s Srnd fr,.>r.i C. L. Wi.U.iD..T:lS Prvperty 4 1:-J.lo::; fr -)1,, Kite; Su,.pl.c T - 272 
 
Loss vr1 if;l:li ti0n .... ... . . . ..... . . l5 
 
Lir!e ( Crl.O)   . ~~ . 
 
. 00 
 
MD.gncsia (MgO) . . . ..... 
 
, 04 
 
Almninu ( Al200 )   .          1. 09 
 
Ferric 1.lX.i....te (Fe203 ) ... . 
 
. 24 
 
JJk.ngnnJus oxi de (fl1n0 )    tn...cc: 
 
Ti tani ur:1 d:Luxiae .. ... .. . .... . . 06 
 
Silica (Si02 )..... . . . ......... ~~8.45 
 
T\...~tc..l  . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 . 45 
 
Blc.ckshcc:r, Gc.. 
Fm.Tic Ox:Li.? (F, 20: ) . ...( . . . . 1 . 90 
r.:etr..lli c ir<)! t equi-vcl Jnt Y ... )  J Uil i.? 27 ' 1938 
 
Ricl"urond C.llu1Uc L / 
E. G. H.S."lCock 1 ...: Pit 
 
L-:JSS jfl ign.i -Lion 
 
uc_,,l 1.(.,...(. l\rM~ .....(.~ '\. )               
F'0 I""'."-""~<' ';,~.. ( ~~., ~\..), )    .  .  .  . u     
 
L"ir Je ( Cc.t)) . . .  .    .. ct     
 
r) .. ..... ,....  (v ) .~..~-;..~ 
 
.._,."11 
 
(.:.::,u. l 
 
 
 
'l 
l. 
 
.!,.) '- 
 
      ...       ~ 
 
" 
L 
 
lUI.~...;~l.l~.,~ 
 
:\.t'l-'-:'?.(' 
 
. 
 
rr ic- '2 F 1r (! ) vl J  
 
, .. 
 
 ... "' .,J,I ..  ... 
 
D  
 
rmm[,..ll1.vUfl ox]. J.i, (i''nu)     
 
'I ru ..: e \ ~ 1.. ,.. 
 
" 1' UI.1 
 
'.1..'L 
 
. , .; 
.. _..... .J... 
 
. 
.. 
 
(ml l "'-," ~ )      
 
S1' .~, ~ c~ ( L~Ot ~ ) . . . .  . .~. . . . . . .  
 
Rttl..:}r E..r-i.rt ~]ti               .  
 
. vu (\ . ~ 
. 8G 
.lu 
;~ .bt.J 
 ':'G 
l.tr:cCO 
1 . 0]. 94 . 0? 
.uo 
 
To v~1l . . . . . . . . . . . . .  . lOU . l2 
 
1_/ Files, Di'\"isim of f!Jines, Mini11g ~.nd GGuloc;y . 'L./ Ido:r::i 
 
 - 11 - 
 
Taylor Cotlnty __l_/ 
()lrolina China Clay Company 
 
But ler, Geor gia 
 
'l'he followint; analysi s wc:,~l nwdo of th8 st:~nd, c..fte:r vn.:shing and 
drying at 1100 c. 
 
Ferric oxide (F-.:20.5)    0 . 065 
Alumina (~205 ) ................. . 0.557 
IJime (C&O) ... . .. . .. 0 . 000 ~-~G.6'llesin. (1\t~gO)      O. COl Silico. (S:i.0 2) (C;-lcul<:..ted) . . 89.'3'77 
 
Totc:tl .... ... ...... . . 100 . 000 
 
o.3crJ~'n lm~llysi s of the ho. nhed S:::tnd 
10 20  . ...  ..   " ...  , .  .. . . 30 40 60 80 
100 200 
 
%material 
0.5 
16.3 
25 . 2 
30.0 22.6 
4.5 0.9 0.4 
 
The per ctmt clay i n the unwashed sc.nd of the f ore-coing 
analysis was 5.?5%. 
 
J. T!wmas Ada.il', Che;nis "., 
 
J urw '?..7, 1938 
 
. ' . . 
 
.. 
 
.. 
 
; 
 
The p:-operty of t.lle Hinson S;_nd ~-~inet> :i.s J..Lt>t ed i:1 Gcnr f_;ia Geolog- 
 
ical Surv ey Bulletin :No . 37 under ~-be e ler C c-unt~r , Y:hereas the analyses 
 
are cited as of Lur: Ler ~ :i.ty, 'f"lfa ir C ount~r . Lum'Jer Ci t;r l.Le s j ust 
 
across the Little Ccmr.l gee P.iv:'r ;\rod in close pr1:xi :n.i t y t o the Hinson 
 
~.:inc s, 1!h:Lch ex ten.:.: L'orn t il:~ r ::.ve:c i Jtt.o .ihe r;l cr Cr:unty. As l-ke . Hi ns on's 
 
re:=- idmicB a 1C. !Jl <'l.cc 0 1.' 1)usincss ser e ~-'otl  :;.c-ca 4 ed ac ros e the 1i ver from 
 
t hF: main p its , at Lum~Jcr City, so i} " (i e r; osi~--s vmre: l i stt:d u nde r that 
 
nam e . 
 
YFiles J .Liivision of MinesJ Mining and Ge ology 
~TeQs. L. P., Sand and gravel deposits of Ge orgia : 
GeorJ ia Geol. SurvGy Dull. 37 , P  270- 271 . 1021 
 
 - 15 - 
 
-T 
 
-el-fai 
 
r - 
 
-Cou 
 
n 
 
t 
 
y ,. 
 
~~/ 
 
Hin.>Nl Sand Mines. -- The property of the Hinson Sand Mine-s lies along Little Ocmulgce River eastward from the Alamo-Lumber City road and includes lots 370 ' and 371. 
 
The pit has been operated oince before 1900, having been opened by L. 1<'. Hinson, and at present is car1ied on by 1\U.s. A. H. Mobley, of Lumber City. 'l'ho doposit is reached by u. stonde1.rJ. gage spur from tho Southern Railway at Lumber City, about 2,500 feet :\.n length. The so.nd is shipped principally to Clutttzmooga, Tenn., and to Tu.llapoosa, Ga., for use in the manufucture of soft--drink bottles. The topogre.phy 0f the deposit is gently rolling, a.nd the surfc.ce is covero:Jd \'!i th c growth of scrub oak. The deposit occupies a ridge or terrGce pc.rc.llelin& th river .:'..r,d from 25 to 50 fe..;t r..:.bove it. It is believed to represent the S<:::ti.llo. formc.tion and is prob;::..bly c..ru ancient streD.Ill deposit. 
 
Section at Hinson Minos, Lumber City 
Sandy, gr<'J.Y soil ............ .. .... " ,. ..... . Yellow, fin e - crained s:::.nd  Mcdium-~:::rc,::.ned, yellow to yollowisll- 
\Vtri te s~tnd ................. . 'White, clcr;n, glass s~nd .. Yellow, s:tr1dy clay ................ ~ ..... . 
 
Foe t l-2 
(>4 
l-2 G-9 
7 
 
The gl&ss ~.;::md gl'c.dcs shnrply L 1to ;rellow sand Lbove c.nd is firmer thnn tlw yellov; mo.tcr.i.c.l, .::s it s L~:.nds unsurported in f~.ccs 8 foot high, t:lthou[;i.l the SE,nd .:~bcve quickly ~lurr,ps dmm. T:1e r;hite sand is usually mr.~ssi ve wi th little indication of stratificc.tion cmd no cross bedding. Fulgurities, or lightninb tube}>, producod by fusion of the s:.md 
by lightning, have beer;. fountl in the >:bi ~c send at lo;::st 12 feet below the 
surface. 
 
Due to the occurrence of pc.tches of inferior s.:.nd, the deposit is ~;orked by hc.nd, sL1cc- c. stuJ.m shovr,l r1ould not pe-rmit o l)roper selec- 
tion to btJ made. The upper COV':JI' :'.. s first removed b;,.- luc d.ing the s<: .nd in wheelbarrows c:nd. doposi ting it ei thor ~i:1 the p.rt<Viously worked-out portion 
of the pit, or- lo.:.~Ung it on cn.u:: c.nJ s::Uppi.ng it 1'or building and locomo- 
tivo purposes. This ld[.;.\Tes e:. 1r:nch 'Jf vvhi te s.::-.nd from which ce.rs e-re lord ed for ahipmont to th,~ glasi:J f act or-iun . 1.1r pTcs ont pit is o.bout 200 feet wide c.t tho fc.co :::l!c~ JXtt.'!nds sout.hcastw!lrd over 1, 500 feet cllnost to Li ttlP Ocmulgee River. Th(; gl.:::.s~ sc.nd de1-)osi t on this p1opcrtJ c.ppec.rs to be vor-;; extensive as prosix~ct pits :md c.uger borings huve shov:n :!. t at prncticc.lly every place they h-::ve l:. c.~n mc.de. 
 
Lf Teas, L. P., Sund and gravel deposits of Georgia; 
Georgia Geol. Survey Bull. 37, pp. 270-271., 1921. 
 
 -l6- 
 
U Telfair Countv 
 
(continued) 
 
Copy of Analy sis of &end fron, Hinson Sc.nJ. Mines 
LU!nbor C j_ ty, Ga. 
 
Chemica l Ant.~lysis: 
 
Loss on ignition  .            .    .12 
 
Alumino. ( Al2o3 )  .  . .   . .            78 
 
I<"'::r'ic 
Ll nic 
 
ox~de ( CnU) 
 
. 
 
(Fo 
. . . 
 
2 o 3. 
 
) 
. 
 
 
 
 
. 
 
 
. 
 
 
. 
 
 
. 
 
 
. 
 
 
 
 
 
. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
. 
 
 
. 
 
 
. 
 
 
. 
 
 
. 
 
 
. 
 
.06 
 01 
 
iVhgncsia (MgO)               . .   .  .11 
 
Sieve Ant:.lysis: 
 
On #14 Sere~en 
 
Through #14 & 
 
II 
 
#50 " 
 
II 
 
f 35 II 
 
II 
 
// 60 II 
 
II 
 
ti-80 II 
 
...................... .... .. . 
 
rema ining 
II II II 
II 
 
on 
!I B II II 
 
#30 
#35 
tt 60 ti80 
irlOO 
 
..............................................."' 
 
II 
 
iilOO Scr een 
 
% 
2.0 16.00 15.0 
39 . 0 25. 0 
6. 5 .5 
 
Miscella neous Observr tion: Ha~; a li ~ht br u'im co.wr which , wlwn igni ted , 
t urns on i:Jl 110f:i Wi:d. to . 11 This rmnple contttins v er y li t tlo magnetic iron but is E'. li ttlc co:1r ser t llc.n ord inc.ry gl.::.s s send. 
------- ------- 
Anclys iB of Sample Subml. t tod oy L. F. Hinsnn Luml>er City, G.:::. . 
 
Lo ss on igniti on      .  . . .  .   . . . .56 
 
.~ i  ~: 
 
Ferri c oxide Ti.tr~r~ium d iox 
 
(Fe ide 
 
2'o(T3 )i 
 
o 
 
.. 2) 
 
... . 
 
.. . 
 
. . 
 
 
 
 14 
tr -~ee 
 
i l i c n 0 
..J .- . <.A. 
 
(S'lA"2 ) 
 
.................... ~l'" . 45 
 
Unck t~:;rminnd .   .   . . . .  . . .  . . .  . l . 85 
 
rlotc:l .............. 
Lc.borutory No . 1113 D1. Edgar Evel'hc.rt, Chemist 
 
100 . 00 ~!Ctrch 24 , 1 909 
 
------- ----- 
V File s -- Goor Lia Div ision of Mines, Mining L:nd Geol ogy 
 
 - 17 - 
 
Telfc.ir County, (con ~:i m.,ed) 
 
Anc.1lysl~S of G1[!SS Sc.nd from Hin.son S<.lld !.Jines Luml.Jer Ci.ty 
 
-------------..- -------------- - - - ----- - - - - - 
 
Constituents 
 
T-14 T-16 T-17 T--18 
 
1113 
 
Moisture ~t lOOo C ... Loss on ignition ........ Lime ( CnO ) ... Magnosiu (MgO) ..... 
 
0.07 0 .14 0.22 0.11 
 
0.01 0.30 0.00 
0.03 
 
0.02 0.24 tn:,ce 0.30 
 
0 .02 0 . 29 0 .00) 0.08) 
 
0 . 05 1.85 
 
Aluminr.J. (A120'ZtJ )     
 
Ferric oxid.G (l''e2o3 )  
 
Titanium diox;de 
 
L 
 
.J... 
 
(TiO  
 
2 
 
) 
 
1 I1I 
 
Sllicu (SiOz) ...... 
 
0. 31 
0.61 
0 .14 
9ti.26 
 
0.58 0.72 
0. 18 98 .03 
 
0 .96 0.48 
0.18 97.56 
 
1.59 0.64 
o.u~ 
97 . 34 
 
0 .14 
true.: 9? .45 
 
---- ---- 
 
99.9(.) 99.85 99.54 l0(J.14 
 
100.00 
 
- - - - - --------------- - ----------- - - ------- 
 
T-14 West sidC:! of pit fuet:: . T-16 North bcmk of Li ttlc Ocmulgec: Ri ve1 nec.r rail;~~::: t restle. T- 17 Ec.st sia8 of ,t)it fnco. T- 18 Center of ,~Jit L:.co. 1115 Sample sent ln by 1. F . m.nson in 1909. 
 
S!lmplc T- 18 repre;:; cn~.ine the glass 3<~ nJ., lw.s r. fineness modulus of 1. 83 cncl 65 pnr CC.ltt cou.rser thr:.n 4.8 .mush. '.l'he orge ni c color fc..ctor is 50. 
 
Anc..l ys0s of GlLss &.:1u frcm McLeod Prope rt;.r, nec.r 
 
Lumb0r City'.1/ 
 
j_Als_Q_j.p_lvnt;eler Co .) 
 
Co118ti tuent.s 
 
T-2.l 
 
T-25 
 
---------------------------- - - - - 
 
Lo;ss or1 igr~i tivn . . . . . . . . . . IJiE1 (~ ( Cc~O ) . . . . . .  . . . . . . . . . 
E:P,nes;.c. (IEgO)             Alumin:. ( J,f, ~)0. ~~~\ . . . . . . . . .  . 
. . . . . . 2 Fe:cric cxid-.~ ~ Fc J) 
 , . . , T~-~lJnnllUTt t...luY~u n f, r.n1o2)     
 
u. m.> 
0 .1:2 () . 00 J .16 0. L14 
.A- 
0. 56 01''x 
 
Si1i.cu (Si02) ...... __2_8.38_ 
 
'fo t a.l . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99. 83 
 
0.01 0.12 0 .03 
0.00 
0 . '17 
0.48 0 .36 
98 . 34 99 . 81 
 
T- 21.-Gen<.:n.l su.mplo 0bt;:j_ne<l from the collc.:ps cd. f!lc '3 u.t t.~1e end pit . 
T-25 . -Sc.r.1ple fr or:1 tho upper pert of the t~lr.. ss send c.t t ilL: south end of the pit. No t, r.. rcj)re::;cnk.tivo sc.mple. 
 
1_} Teas, L. P., Sand an:.: gravd. doposits of Georgia: Georgia Geol . Survey Dull. 37 , P  272, 1921. 
 
 - 18 - 
 
Telfc.ir County  ( cont.iuucJ) 
 
The <.leposi t :i. ;; cuve.tod with yE:~llu>-, c.nd pc.le y0llon ~i~J.nd, fro1-.:1 3 to 10 feet thick, .:hicb t.pp.::~rently bocor:ws thiekor c.ic> the: ri vnr is approached. Due 'Lo the f .-:ccs of the pit hc.ving co.ved :Ln, it v1c.s ir;iposslble to ob- 
to.in :: scction of U;_.:; mc.-r~cric.l or t.J r:teo.surc the thickness of thr;; glasG sc.nd, 
but Mr. McLeod rei_)olts thc.t the thickness rc.n:;os fr om 5 to 10 feet. A me'-cho.nico.l :Jllo.lysi s of T-21 sh ows c. finen\..SS raodulus of l. 95 r.nd 71 per cent coal'SOl' thc.n the 18-mesh siove. Tho orgD.nlc c ~1 lor v;;,_luc is 60. 
 
The oporatiom> to J c.to have net l:Lnrl.ted tL.e extent of thG glass send deposits in this vicinity, c.nt::. :i.t .itJ rcu3on-aL1o to beljevL~ that should tho den&nd vv::-.rrc.nt it, further pr:~)sp0cting o.long Littlo Ocmulgce Hiver, on the Satilla or u_ppor terrace, nill p:coduce good r(;sults, although the quc:lity of thG ::;cnll is likely to Jiffcr consiJon~bly over short distunccs. 
Ware County l I 
Sa t:Ula River. -- In the bud of the Sctille IliV8r ;_;_lone most oL~ its course in l'hre County, and par ticul:nly clong the.t pert of it north-cast of Wo.yeros::.;, Hhich forms(- boundary of the county, '\4hite, medium-toconrsc~--grrd. nod :3a.nd, sui.tcble for o:ither concr c~ to or the poorer gro.des of 
2i glc.ss, occurs. The Atl:::ntic Coc~st Line R.1.ilror.td crosse:3 the river 
niles northecst of W1:~ycross. Tho 0e.nd in the ri v-.Jr oo.rs~-- which ar0 usually c:long the right bo.nk, is somewlw. t 1'i?.1ur-grnined th<ln the sand in the ri ver channel proper. The nain dii'ficu.:.ty in recovering the send wrmld be in raising it f1om the river tv the r :J.ilroad, a dist[<ncc of 25 foet. Unloss 
the domo.nd was large <:nd steady, it is doubtful whether it would pay to 
install the: necer~sary equiprHmt to }Jroperly recover tho s.::nd. 
 
lmalysis of &md frmn Bed of .St:tilla Hiver ':lt Atlantic Cou.st Line Ra:i.lro.ad Bridge' aorthG<tS t of ~-.1aycror,s 
 
rv10:lBture f.!..t ].000 C ...... , .......... ., 4  
 
Loss .Jn. ig11i"Gio1l ................. 
 
( Cc.J) ....... ., . I~1n0 
 
Go  
 
 
 
 
 
~ 
 
......... 
 
. 
 
vtw.[~6,-_.11.a.:.,S_.t,...u ,rM...gu,-.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
 
Alund.rlt.. (Al2 l)7. )  . . .  . .  . .  .  . .  . . to  ,  
 
}, --""l'i c v.- 
 
o...,~-; 
 
d 
 
"' 
_, 
 
'-~!Fe>""20 '.:' )\ 
 
                  ,.  
 
'.Tt'.lt-,1-.,.u., .l1-lt"l1Tl"l C". l' O .v.-.L.,.:..'t.O, ( i.f.,..l u. l,.... )'     , , ,  , ,    .. 
 
( c   o2 ' uc:l~...L.~.\.,....c,...\.. u 1. 
 
J  ,      "' , ,        ,      ,  , 
 
0.04 u .35 
0.00 
0.06 C.51 ,J .72 
tl'CCE; 
97.91 
 
Sand-hill deposits occur on botn sides of SctillD. Hivor, westwLrd from Walkertown to the Coffee County line. The sc.nd is meJium-grclined, yellov: .::nd hc,s practi cully no clay. It ranges in thickness from 10 to 20 feet, c.ntl continuous acrc.s of Gevoral hundred acres o.re common. The most 
 
1../ 'rt..S 1 t,, P., S~:~nd c;.ruLg-;ra,vf;ll'~eposi ts of Georgi2; 
Georgia Geol. Survey Bull. 37 J p. 266, 1921. 
 
 - 19- 
 
2; extensive dei->os.Lts liu just northv.rest )f Wa.lterto ::::1 :>cmth of the rivt~r a nd 
 
extends ,n;stvn.r<.t f or 
 
miles . 'Ilh) rG.illo.?.:.~ cqprocci~~~s to v:i thin [' hnlf 
 
mile vf' the e['_stcrn enU. vf tllc u.::.pos.it . Nort~1 of tho r.l.vcj~ , opposite the 
 
deposit just menti ~~ned , :.:. l,:1ss extcn::d.ve <.lCjJO ni t occurs, but more f c.vorcbly 
 
si tu2.tud \'Ji th r uspvct to th0 r d. lrocd . Th.i.s J.o_r;vsi t '<ms form<')rly wo1ked 
 
just over tho line to the eo.st , in Piorcn County. Southrest oi' the river al ,)ng Lhu Atlccntic Coc..st Lin<. Rc.ilron..J Uld l~ td.li.)fl .dor the.r~s t of Waycross, 
 
a small de_i.Josit of finc-gra:Lned, yollovt scm:; occurs. 
 
f,m:lysis of SnnJ three miles nortl1ce.st of Waycross 
 
Less on i gni ":-ion ,  .      . .  .   
 
er... c H.1. ' ., ""J.C OY..lUI.G ( .;1;. ' ':'ikniuu_1 Jioxide 
 
2'U(T.3.i')C2 
 
 ) 
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
 . 
 
  
 
  
 
 . 
 
  
 
Silic:.:. (Si02 )                 
 
. . Unclotert:~illeJ 
 
o               
 
 60 o 55 
.18 9?. 75 
 9 .::. 
 
Tot:-:1 .. . . . .   100.00 
 
Lubor.:.tt cr Jr No . 1109 Dr. El[;c.r Ev-.:rh:.~rt J Cher:Li. r;t 
 
l\iLrch 
 
1909 
 
Wayne Co m,1.E l._/ 
.An1.lysis of Sun:l fran South Side of J~twnaLa Fd.vor c:n Si-t:te Route No . ;28 r!uync C0unty 
 
r:dtnllic 5.ron (Fe ) 
 
S[ nJ wc.shetl freo (J f el.:-.y, sc;;:ecnod . Sizes 20 t ) 80 mesh Ini:{8.1 f\):i."' r,r_~r~ p:!..e . 
 
k.borut: r y No . 194-t! J. 'l.'r~. ;rJc..3 AJc..ir, ChurJi :3 t 
 
J c..nu(~ry 14, 1939 
 
.,. 
VJheelor C01.mty: 
The Hinson Sand :i1;ines and HcLeod property, Jist.ed as at and ncar 
L1.Wlbcr City, Tr;lfair County a.rc to ~e fmmd under Telfair County, p . 14 
All.igator Crec~ :YA sand belt frorn 200 to Goo feet wide parallels 
th<: north s ide of Alligator Creek al:mg most of its course . The mos t suita;)le place in case of development would bo at the :Jeaboard Air line Railwa crossint:" 1 mile south of Alamo . :.-;uit.able lor ,rrlass ex t c..:1t unknown . 1 Fil es , Divis ion of :.~ines , 1 ~ inir.g and Geology 
Y Teas, 1 . P., .Sand and grav,~l deposits of G<=wrgia : Georg ia Geol. Survey 
Bull . 37, P  272 . 1 921 
 
 20 
 
U Whitfield County 
 
Analysis of Glns s Sand at Rocky Face , Qa. 
 
Moisture at 1000 C . ~  
Loss on i gni t i on    !  
Lime (Ga O)      ~! ~.h1Jne s ia (MgO)        ~ ~   
Alumina (Al 20J)      .! . .  
Ferric oxide ( Fe203 )   
TitanhJin dioxide (Ti o3)  
Silica (Si~) .  ..    ~., 
Total .......... 
 
, 10 
,J6 
,oo 
. 28 
, OJ 
49 
.18 
98 .42 
 
Lc.boratory }!o. 5215 
Dr. Everhart, Chemist 
 
Sample No . 2175 
August 271 1923 
 
QUARTZ 
 
Fannin County 
 
Big Stony Battery: - Bia Stony Batter y is E~ !moll or ridge com- 
 
posed of led.;es of pure quartz some looking gr-;.uula r like quartzi te and , 
 
at othor pla.ccs, the m:: torial is whitc and looks l ike vein quartz . The 
 
rock is expos ed <.~bout 50 feet high a nd at lea st 100 feet wide r:>.nd 300 feet 
 
long . It looks rera.<.rlcr.bly pure .::.nd shows only n few slightly pin~~ surfa ce . 
 
stains. S2.lllplcs h:we s c.id to .J.nalyzo 99 . 97% nilica <1.nd no ir_on . The eas t 
 
slope is fa i rly gentle , but the south slope is s t eep .for a ~hort wc.y, The 
 
west n.nd north slopes n r'-' precipitous , Tho lo::1g ;rx:is of the peak is 
 
?/ striking K  50 W. 
 
Quc:;nt::.tics of this m:.~tod.:tl from this vicinity are 
 
now being used for tl1..: mnnufL~cturo o.f glo.ss ont.l as f erro- silicon. 
 
Ther o h~. s been some difference of opii1j.on as to v;hethr,r this deposi t is qu<.rtz or quc<rtz:i.te , Pr . R. W. Sr.d.th of t h :) } :or.Ji:~ Gcologic.:-tl Survey vis i VJd thc ciey-;osit in 1 932 ;:.nd r,;rorted i t as l mwe- shapod vein quartz ; 
Mr . D. w. Johnsor.. of tl-.2. U. S. Q;.~olo.<;ical Survey, in 1934, r eported it 
al:.>o ns quartz ; whcr;.~tlS Dr. T. Poole H~.ym::.rd in his report of 19/+0 speaks of i t ~s quartz~te, 
 
1 
F'iJ. us, Division of Mines , Mining and Geology 
?J Idem 
 
 21 
 
Fannin County (continued) 
 
Analysis of qu->.rtz from Big Stony Battery_]} 
 
Lime (CaO)  . . .     . . . .    trnc e Magnesia (MgO)            .027% Aluminn. (!~1.2 03 )  . . . . .  .   48 
Ferric oxide (Fu203) . . .033 (avg) 
Silica (Si02lby Gliffcrence) 99 .16 
 
038% 
 
. 27~ 
 
Total 
 
100.00% 
 
Labor<'.tory No  .385 - M 
 
J. Thomas Adair, Chemist 
 
Quartz grc.uncl s ;::mple SOlid to have beon prepared and cut from 200-pound quarry s c:.m.:)lc . 
 
'l'he follm-.'int is <.:n analysis macte on .::t :::: ;Jlected s ~mple of qu<l.rtz from the Jig Stony Battery d:,~..osit v:hich WEJ.3 subrnittod by Ur . S. 1 .. Hurt to t;,e l abor2.tory of one of t;,.; m['. jor gl8.SG m::.nufacturing companies. 
 
Al<mti na o::~idc ..  .. .. 011% 
 
t\:tgn-asj_UJn oxide . . 002% 
 
I ron oxide . .. . ..00.3~ 
 
fhosphorus o:::ido .. . 001% 
 
Titanium oxide  . . .  . OJl% Co.J.cium oxide . . .  .  . 004~; 
 
... ... AlkL. ltE..S .......... . 04% 
 
Lons 0n ignition 
 
.10 % 
 
Silic~::. ( by d:Lff\;rcnce) 
 
99 . 91% 
 
For a f'ul J. dn:.::;cription of tho Big Stony B.:.'lttcry qu;'.rtz deposit , src Speci o.l Geologic R':port by Dr . '1' . Poole Hc-:yn2.rd , gL.ologist c:nd technologist, und::.r dat..:: of October 20, 1940 . 
 
Towns CoU11ty_]j  
 
Analysis of c;,w'..rtz (colored) at Boll Mountain 
 
Ve in ~unrtz 
 
:loisturu at 1)0 C  .          .,OJ Loss 0'1 i~.1ition  .  . . . . .      .19 
F<Jrr~:_ c OYidc (Fc~CJ) ........ o, .:.>8 
:.t'llJ. :.r.om. l")xide; (JiJ10)  ~...... . 56 
Silica (SiCJ2 ) ................. 93 . ';8 
 
'!'otal 
 
99 .94 
 
.. 
 
Lc:.borntory No . 3725 
 
Dl~. Edgar Evcrh:;rt , Gl~emis t 
 
September 17, 1919 
 
U Filos, Division of i-,1 ines, Ihning and Geolog".f 
D Idom . 
 
 22 
 
Tovms County (continued) 
 
Am.lysis of qu artz (v1hite ) at Bell F ountain.:]} 
Mo isture <>.t 100 C  ... .oo Loss on i 6 nition      .oo 
Ferric oxide (Fo203)       .12 Silica (Si02 ) .............  99.85 
Tota l ..... .  99 . 97 
 
Laboratory No. 3?26 
 
Dr. Edga r Everhart , Chemist 
 
Septc:::l~)e:r 17, 1919 
 
An2.lysis of quartz from highest peak of Bell Motmtain, Hi vmsscc _]} 
 
Constituents 
 
T-190 T-191 
 
J:o~ ~: .t.,,tre nt 100 C  
 
Lo~~ : )"'" 'I i e:: ; _t~.:J~1 . . . . . "'  
 
n ' .'t''c.. ..1'--.. 
 
c--  ...., 
# - . .J.t., 
 
,. 
, 
 
..,..., 
 
'"~ 
 
'--1) 
 
 s 
 
~ f.;n_ ...,_ ,.'l'~-~- :.1x :i(. fJ u::10)  
 
Si.:U.ca (,S:. O ~ .. 
 
OQOO 
OoC!O 0 .-...2. 
0.,< ..,: 98, .\'j 
 
Total      
 
Oo03 
(' :.19 Co_::)8 
C"5C 
QC~ C)'7G 
 
This .nl't.~:'i.JJ. ic; ::mitabl c f or glass, or other us e..:; to which high- gr<'de sil i cr' if' p1:t , Lut its ina cc csoj_'Jility >Fculd elim.inate it for thiti purpose . Its 1.~.s0 in li1:ing furnnc cs rnd for .flux is al so suggested, 
 
U. FE0s , Division of r:incs , :'lining and Gcolog;';-~ 
D Tea s, L. P. Send <:.nd gr.::,vEJl dcposHs of Goor gia : 
Geor gia Geol. Survey Bull. 37, P 329, 1921 
 
 23 
 
QUARTZITE 
 
U Harris Count:'l 
 
Pine }.fount.:Lin Quartzito :- Pine ;.. -u1t a i!'. extends across tht; northern part of t!H cou!1ty from ibrgctt dm Ch.:::.tt<'.hoochoe River to the Merivmther count:/ line soutlnrm.st to Wann Springs. \)'hite , gray ar.d yellowis h quartzite, in vc;rieus stades of motn.morphisme, composes th.:.: mountnin and dips uniformly to the northvrest 30 to 50 , '.!ith a strike of c..bout N. 70 E. 
Oak I~J.ounta.in, a much ::::;horter and l ower ridge, extending e<:.stwar d from Ha":lilton to th e county line , is composed of th0 su.me quartzite. On Oak Mountain the quartzite dips southward from JOO to 40o, indicating a simple 
.:mticlinal structure :,otneen i t and Pine Mountai n in this county. Layers cf t:,rneiss and schist, sometimes graphitic , are interbE.:dded with the quartzite and may sometimes gr<'de into it, particul.:1rl y th<.lt exposed on Oak Liountain. Outcrop s of the quart zi t e an; almost continuous ~nd very prominent on tho south side of Pine Mount(:in, but the bed rock is usually c n::lcealed on tho north side by a mantle of frn.&'111Emtal quartzit e, sand, and clay, exc ept in the cuts along the new Columbus road, The quartzite has two well-define~ j oint,systoms ; tho vne having a general northwestsoutheast trend , and the other a northeaDt- southw-::st tr end . The bedding planeD are unusually prominent, and the str~~ta t.ange f r om a f r action of an inch to four or five inches in thickness. Uetamor phic action has c rushed the quartzite in mo.ny pl<'.ces, [;iVing it a Gchis tose appearance as well as flattening the individual quartz grains and causing secondary cryst allization. In texture, it r anges from a dense vitreous quartzite to a friable s andstone., Hica flakes , apparently of secondar~r ori gin, arc common a..'1d ar e found in th8 bedding planes . Seconda:ty quartz stringers and 
in lenses due to crystallization of the silicn., are also fou.'1ci. . P.;rite 
crystals occur through the quartzite, sometimes considerable amounts. The quartzite ranges in color fror=1 ::tlmo:Jt ,t)Ure white t o a pinkish- , or even a reddish- brovm. Eica flakes and quartz crystal s may give a r:tottled appearance t o the quartzite. 
 
Analysis o.f qu:ut oz,ite fro!'l P:l.no J\:mmta in, ShHoh- War:1 Sprin.:;s r oad, T- c.19 
 
Loss on ig11ition .. . . . ... ... .. . . 
 
o) , . . ...... . , . .. ...    Sod<:::. (!Ja2 
 
o' Po vaSn .j..- T 
 
( TT .t\.1'"'1 ) 
 
        
 
~ 
 
Lllne (CaO)   s  ~   
 
l!agncs ia (MgO) .. . . . ... ..... . . . . . 
 
Altu:rina (Al2o3)     .   o., . 
 
1F\{1e.rnrt:i;acnoousx i doex i d(;e.'e:;(z :0t~)O) 
 
 
 
   
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
Titc..nium dioxide (Ti o2 )     cvll_~ ca (Cu'~'O2)    , , ,   ,     
 
1. 28 o.o8 
o.o3 o .oo o.oo 4.99 1.10 
trace 0.28 92.11 
 
Total        ,   99.27 
 
~Teas , L. P., s~ nd and hTavcl deposits of Georcia: 
Georgia Geol. Survey Bull. 37, p~ . 305 - 308. 1921 
 
 H.:~rris C o~"lty (cmtinued) 
 
Altlw u.sh the i ron content :seems t oo high for glaso manufactur e , the silica p3r cer..t c-.ppears s ui t.J.blc f:~r silica brick purposcs1,, especially a s it can bo eaGily c rushed . Tho hieh a.lum.ina cClntcnt would r educ e its 
melting point s omewhat . 
 
OJ.k Mountain : - On t~lC Shiloh-C ol umbus r oad, on t he souther n s lope of 
 
Oak Uounto.irrb the quar tzite outcrops f or c~ dist.;o.ncG o_~ 50 feet dipping 
 
southward 36 .::.nd str iking S. 85 E. A sr.1.all displaccr'.ent of a f0w hun- 
 
dred yards a ppears t o have ac ted c:.ppr oxi!"'l.ately n or th and s outh at the site 
 
of thE. eap . The quar tzite i.E: thinly bedded but o.or e vitreous and finer 
 
than the P::.ne l&c1'n t ain variety in this county . One t huusand feet furth 2r 
 
nc.-rth and separated by t hinly-bedded, impure qua rt zi t o, D. 20- foot exposure 
 
of the quartzite T'1.:ty be s een. It ic m0re gr<.:.nular, more thinly- bedded, 
 
and not s o h.:-trd .::tG tho fir s t outcr op  Adjoini~1g, and und<::t:.ying the 
 
.n:w exposur e , badl y- weather ed schist 
 
be seen . The s oi l of O;:-~k l.~ountain 
 
h2.s a more r eddish tin:=;e than t!:1<::.t vf Pi.!lc ~fountain, s c i t is likely th 1.-G 
 
the quar tzite is more cenorally irtE:r '.:>edded than the sch ist . Sample T- (;J, 
 
to.km: f r om the s cu t h outcrop , has t.h.G i'olJ owing anal ysis: 
 
Analys i s of quartzitc fr dm 0.-=tk Mountain Shiloh-C olu.::ibus road, T- 98 
 
Loss on ignition     
 
L~ne (CJ.O)      
 
. !!c. c,~osi r.l ( I:ftJO)        
~]:::_:ire (.~:2 0:;)       
 
c. .1. 
T:. ~~ 
 
..c cx1c,c ._ Fe2 cin:1 dioxide 
 
o3) 
(Ti0 
 
 
) 
 
    
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
" -   o )2 '"; :...!.. _..._,..;c \~s1.  ..   . 2      ..   
 
Tot.::-.1 ........... 
 
0.54 Oo OO OVC'O 1:.. 1 
 
r  .., "'. 
 
Vc - -'1 
 
cr' 
' I 
 
.- .~-:-.> 
 
The irc-.1. c ~nJ.:;ont is low enough t':> v:arrant tJ e use of this r.1a tori ,::;.l f or the c hea~~er _srn.cles o.f glass , n.nd its physic~~ :-:: .:.:.  r:teristic s are such o.s t o indicnto its value for r e fr.:~ctory bric 1 c-;~:.kin.s as well . 
Picl~ens County_]} 
 
Pc.yne Proport:.:- A .:.ep,::si t o.: rcDA.r kabJ.y pure:: S'l.ndatone, knmvn as the 
11Rhcdes Sili ca Deposit" , is located 5 mlles sonthvrest of Jasper and a 
little over 4 silos fr or:1 the Louisville &. Nnshville Railroad . AccordinG to Veutc!11 tho principal expo sur e of thC:~ sandstone bed shows 8 feet of 
a.lmc st pur e >"hite sandstone . The deposit is ::1as s ively bedded and j ')inted, fine grained , and ::mfficiently friable t o perr.1i t of 8asy crushing . Iron occurs in the r ock as an oxide film in t he joint o.nd bedding places .e.nd as 
SCiltter ed cu bes of pyrites , v;hich ha ve in scme pl[..C8S ,'l.ltered t o l iJ:lOnite, but it is n ot in suf ficient quantities to harn the r ock for us e in highgrc..de glass manufacture . No o.ccur~to estinate of the tonnage of the de- 
osit could be obtai11ed fr om the ex osures but it is likel fr om its l Tens , L. F ., So.nd c.m~l gravel dep,)sits of Gecrgi a : 
Ger,rgi a Ge ol . Survey Bull . 37, P 3l>O . 1921 
1v eatch, Otto, Unpublished r eport of Georgia Geol. Survey. 1907 
 
 25 
 
Pickens Co'l.mty ( ~v:ntinued) 
origin th.::t it is extensive. Annlysis of snndst ono fror.t 11Rhodos Silica Deposit", Pickens Crmnty 
 
Constituents 
 
1 
 
2 
 
Vclati1o flatter  
ALI~rlmo~n1el. no(CaxaiOd(A)e l2(Fo3e2)o3).. 
Silica (Sio2 )    
 
0 .10 o .oos 
 
0.08 0.03 
 
0 .11 0 .07 
 
.5....0.7.. 
 
99.'75 
 
99.82 
 
------------------ 
 
1.- An.:.:.lysis by liiJ. Si~:wnson, Cincinnelti , Ohio 2 .- Analy~3is by Dr. Edgar 1'verlu~.rt, of p1.1rest roclc collected by Otto Veatch , 
 
Walton County _]j 
Alc ov.{ 1hun-1:,2.in, 5 r.1iles s -:)nth- s ruthwest of Mrmr oe, r is es al21ost 350 feet <:.bovc tte: cc;.wral l evel . It is c.:-eposod entire ly of a highly 
crystalline quartz:Lte, ri-lich ~~"Jpears to 'be larJoly a second<1ry material produced by s clnti c"'n :;L.J subc: ;~quent cry.-s 0alliz::ttiun of tho cri:;in<'.l sandst ..me or ouo.rtz::.teu Ho .~na!.;y s:ts of the CJ.P1.rtz:i.to l'!:'lS ::w.de, but it does not appeo.r tc be prre en,ug\ f or <my but t;Jo chc:J.rest 2:rados of glass . Its usc ir.. silica-brick ..<nm.:f rwt.ure , r.nd as a flm: , :i.s ~1 s o sugges ted, but its rt;;:J ')tenoss from trans]urtation liill provm..t its ut:Llization for a lone tine . 
 
Since the:re are only D. very fevr producms of hich- grade s i lica s a nC:s i11 Gcnr J j_a , unless n .:J.teri2-ls al'e purchased f r on them, it v:ill be necessary t - undmctc:..ke s ome trec:..tnent f or rnnny of the materials nentionod in th<.- f ore- g uin:; report . 
!_/Te<:cs, L . P ., S,:.nd and tiTnv~l depo3its of Geor:;ia : 
Ge or gia Geol. Survey Full . 37, P 33/+JI 1921 
 
 26 
Infor ma tion has just boon rec e ived that the Davrcs Silica Conpany is installing a !'lagnetic s epar ator L~nd other apparatus .-rhich will enable the,n to s atisfactorj.ly meet requirocl s pecifications. It is suggested that snnplos .:::.nd a m.lyses of sc::nd for any particulr:.r purpose be requested of this company 
T: tis r c1.1 'r-:; i s C (.>r"'pi l t.;d by tho .mo::1bm:s c .f t r.e Staff of the Ge vr r;::.a J iv...sivr. .. f . ~ "l-.:t! , I ~u:i.w; <u,.: Gu ol~ ..::Y Uni..l.er the direction of Gn.rln.ld }T.:,rt;c!l , Direc.J.., :.::: ., 
October , 1940