FINAL REPORT OF SALT-WATER MONITORING OF THE UPPER FLORIDAN AQUIFER AT BRUNSWICK, GA MONITORING WELL TW34H504/505-2 and MONITORING WELL TW33H324/325 August 2002 This CD-ROM contains the digital copy of the Final Report of Salt-Water Monitoring of the Upper Floridan Aquifer at Brunswick, Georgia - Monitoring Well TW34H504/505-2 and Final Report of Salt-Water Monitoring of The Upper Floridan Aquifer at Brunswick, Georgia - Monitoring Well TW33H324/325. Click on any of the links below to view that section of the report. All files require the Adobe Acrobat ReaderTM, Version 4.0 or higher. To install AdobeTM Acrobat ReaderTM go to http://www.adobe.com. Summary On April 23, 1997, the Georgia Environmental Protection Division (EPD) issued its Interim Strategy for Managing Salt Water Intrusion in the Upper Floridan aquifer of Southeast Georgia. The Interim Strategy, which will apply to 24 coastal counties of Georgia and affect adjacent parts of South Carolina and Florida, specifically calls for EPD to: Conduct expanded scientific and feasibility studies to determine with certainty how to permanently stop the salt water intrusion moving towards Hilton Head Island, South Carolina and how to prevent the existing salt water intrusion at Brunswick, Georgia from worsening As part of the Interim Strategy, the EPD is conducting an investigation of the Upper Floridan aquifer at Brunswick, Georgia. When the investigation of the Upper Floridan aquifer at Brunswick, Georgia is completed, the results are expected to partially answer one group of questions posed by the Upper Floridan Technical Advisory Committee (TAC): Where are the known locations where salt water is entering the Upper Floridan aquifer and why is salt water entering at these locations? Can a long-term monitoring system be established so that changes in salt water intrusion can be monitored? To achieve these results, EPD entered into a contract with LAW Engineering and Environmental Services, Inc. (LAW) to design and construct two 900'-1,000' salt-water monitoring wells in the Upper Floridan aquifer of Brunswick, Georgia, and to continuously monitor water levels and salinity until June 30, 2006. The general objective of the proposed project is to provide quarterly electronic reports on the chloride content in these wells to EPD and the United States Geological Survey (USGS). The first well (TW34H504/505) was completed before December 31, 2001. The well designation TW34H504 corresponds to the upper permeable zone and TW34H505 corresponds to the lower permeable zone. In the final report issued for this well, the designation TW34H504/505 corresponds to the combined well facility constructed on the Southside Baptist Church property. A second well (TW33H324/325) was completed before March 31, 2002. The well designation TW33H324 corresponds to the upper permeable zone and TW33H325 corresponds to the lower permeable zone. In the final report the designation TW33H324/325 corresponds to the combined well facility constructed at a Georgia Pacific property location. Go to Final Report of Salt-Water Monitoring of the Upper Floridan Aquifer at Brunswick, Georgia - Monitoring Well TW34H504/505-2 Go to Final Report of Salt-Water Monitoring of The Upper Floridan Aquifer at Brunswick, Georgia - Monitoring Well TW33H324/325 Final Report of Salt-Water Monitoring Of the Upper Floridan Aquifer at Brunswick, Georgia Monitoring Well TW34H504/505-2 (Southside Baptist Church location) Prepared for GEORGIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION DIVISION ATLANTA, GEORGIA Prepared by LAW ENGINEERING AND ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES, INC. KENNESAW, GEORGIA AUGUST 2002 LAW PROJECT 12000-1-0071 Table of Contents Section 1 Background and Introduction Section 2 Drilling and Well Construction Methods Section 3 Sampling Methods Section 4 Long-Term Monitoring Methods Section 5 Reporting To EPD Section 6 References Figures Figure 1 TW34H504/505 Site Location Map Figure 2 TW34H504/505 Well Schematic Appendices Appendix A Lithologic Log Appendix B Geophysical Logs: Log 1, Log 2 Appendix C Schematic and Photographs of Well Head: Schematic, Exterior Well Photo, Interior Well Photo Appendix D Instrument Information/Specifications Appendix E Ground-Water Monitoring Data: Upper Zone (Water level, temperature, conductance) Lower Zone (Water level, temperature, conductance) Barometric Pressure Back to Top 1.0 BAckground and INTRODUCTION On April 23, 1997, the Georgia Environmental Protection Division (EPD) issued its Interim Strategy for Managing Salt Water Intrusion in the Upper Floridan aquifer of Southeast Georgia. The Interim Strategy, which will apply to 24 coastal counties of Georgia and affect adjacent parts of South Carolina and Florida, specifically calls for EPD to: Conduct expanded scientific and feasibility studies to determine with certainty how to permanently stop the salt water intrusion moving towards Hilton Head Island, South Carolina and how to prevent the existing salt water intrusion at Brunswick, Georgia from worsening As part of the Interim Strategy, the EPD is conducting an investigation of the Upper Floridan aquifer at Brunswick, Georgia. When the investigation of the Upper Floridan aquifer at Brunswick, Georgia is completed, the results are expected to partially answer one group of questions posed by the Upper Floridan Technical Advisory Committee (TAC): Where are the known locations where salt water is entering the Upper Floridan aquifer and why is salt water entering at these locations? Can a long-term monitoring system be established so that changes in salt water intrusion can be monitored? To achieve these results, EPD entered into a contract with LAW Engineering and Environmental Services, Inc. (LAW) to design and construct two 900'-1,000' salt-water monitoring wells in the Upper Floridan aquifer of Brunswick, Georgia, and to continuously monitor water levels and salinity until June 30, 2006. The general objective of the proposed project is to: ... provide quarterly electronic reports on the chloride content in these wells to EPD and the United States Geological Survey (USGS). 2.0 GENERAL APPROACH As specified in the EPD Scope of Work, the work performed in phase 2 of this project involved the drilling, logging, and initial monitoring of a salt-water monitoring well in the Upper Floridan aquifer in Brunswick, Georgia. The monitoring well was drilled and constructed by a Georgia-licensed water well contractor (Woodrow Sapp Water Well Contractor, Inc.). The Southside Baptist Church site was selected (see Figure 1) and permission for drilling was obtained by EPD. The well was cased off through the Miocene and younger confining units and completed as an open hole well in two separate permeable zones within the Upper Floridan aquifer. The well was geophysically logged prior to completion. Water level and conductivity measuring instruments that are capable of making digital measurements a minimum of once per hour were installed downhole in each of the two zones. Upon completion and final instrumenting of this well, LAW prepared a draft report describing and illustrating site geologic conditions (including lithologic and geophysical logs), stratigraphic and hydrostratigraphic identifications, "as-built" conditions, instrumentation settings, and preliminary water level and salinity data. After review of this draft report by the EPD, LAW prepared the necessary modifications to submit this final report. In accordance with EPD's March 12, 2001 revised work plan, monitoring of the upper-water bearing zone will continue until December 31, 2005, and monitoring of the lower water-bearing zone will continue for a minimum of six continuous months after well completion. LAW will submit quarterly reports of water level and salinity data in digital format to EPD and the USGS for the calendar years 2002, 2003, 2004, and 2005. Each report will provide a short narrative description and water level and salinity data in a graphical format. In accordance with the EPD Scope of Work, this first well (TW34H504/505) was completed before December 31, 2001. Well designation TW34H504 corresponds to the upper permeable zone and TW34H505 corresponds to the lower permeable zone. In this report the designation TW34H504/505 corresponds to the combined well facility constructed at the Southside Baptist Church location. 3.0 Drilling AND Well Construction METHODS Prior to initiating field work, LAW visited the Georgia District of the Water Resources Division of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and the Georgia Geologic Survey (GGS) to review relevant files, data, and publications and to discuss technical matters concerning geology, hydrogeology, well construction and water quality within the Floridan aquifer in the Brunswick area. Following these meetings, LAW discussed drilling strategies with the drilling subcontractor. Based on these meetings, LAW prepared and presented to EPD for approval the project design for well drilling, construction, and instrumentation (Phase 1 of this project). GEOLOGY The geology, to a depth of 1,000 feet, was studied from publications and unpublished government records to provide site-specific geologic and hydrogeologic interpretation for the Southside Baptist Church site. To accomplish this, LAW obtained lithological and geophysical logs and viewed televiewer recordings of various wells located in the vicinity of the proposed drill site. The location of the first deep monitoring well (TW34H504/505) at the Southside Baptist Church site was confirmed on July 12, 2001, by the GGS. Southside Baptist Church Drill Site The lithology encountered at the Southside Baptist Church drill site is summarized in Table 1. Well 34H504/505 was drilled to a depth of 1,000 feet. The lithologic log is presented in Appendix A, and the geophysical logs are presented in Appendix B. Depth (FT) 0 10 10 35 35 56 56 76 76 104 104 133 133 - 139 139 195 195 215 215 325 325 345 345 442 442 474 474 578 578 592 TABLE 1 lithologic summary No samples taken Green-gray silty fine to coarse SAND Green-gray SHELL layer and sandy LIMESTONE Green-gray sandy SILT/SILTSTONE Green-gray to white silty fine to very coarse SAND to gravelly SAND Green-gray clayey SILT Green-gray silty sandy GRAVEL Green-gray sandy SILT to medium to very coarse silty SAND Green-gray medium to very coarse gravelly SAND to very coarse SAND interbedded with sandy CLAY Green-gray silty CLAY to sandy silty CLAY Green-gray sandy DOLOSTONE and LIMESTONE Green-gray sandy clayey SILT Green-gray phosphatic, SILT and SANDSTONE Green-gray to white silty to sandy fossiliferous LIMESTONE Green-gray very fine to medium silty SANDSTONE 592 921 921 940 940 952 952 1000 White to green-gray fossiliferous LIMESTONE with bryozoa, mollusks, coral, and foraminifera Yellow-brown DOLOSTONE Yellow LIMESTONE interbedded with olive-gray DOLOSTONE Light gray to yellow to white fossiliferous to dolomitic LIMESTONE The geophysical logs from Well TW34H504/505 exhibit a reasonable correlation with the lithological log from this well. The base of the Miocene and younger formations is noted by a "C-marker" on gamma-ray logs and the base of the Oligocene is marked by the presence of a "D-marker" on gamma-ray logs (Jones and Maslia, 1994). At Well TW34H504/505, the "C-marker" is present at a depth of 568 feet and also represents the horizon at which the top of the Oligocene Suwannee Limestone is encountered. The Suwannee Limestone extends to a depth of 592 feet, as noted by a "D marker" (Jones and Maslia, 1994). This marker also represents the horizon where the upper Eocene Ocala Limestone is encountered. The Ocala Limestone extends to approximately 921 feet where the middle Eocene Avon Park Formation is encountered. Using gamma-ray logs, this geologic framework can be correlated to other wells around the Southside Baptist Church drill site. The nearest well to the Southside Baptist Church drill site is Well 34H100, a 786-foot deep well located 400 feet to the southeast of TW34H504/505. Based on the geophysical logs for Well 34H100, the base of the Miocene and younger formations is at a depth of 570 feet and the base of the Oligocene Suwannee Limestone is at a depth of 595 feet in this well. LOCAL HYDROGEOLOGY In the Brunswick area, the general hydrostratigraphy consists of a surficial aquifer, the Upper and Lower Brunswick aquifers, and the Upper and Lower Floridan aquifers, each separated by distinct semiconfining units (Jones and Maslia, 1994). Since the Miocene and younger formations were cased off in monitoring well TW34H504 and the well did not penetrate to the Lower Floridan aquifer, only the hydrogeology of the Upper Floridan aquifer was studied. The top of the Upper Floridan aquifer coincides with the C-marker at the top of the Oligocene Suwannee Limestone (Clarke and others, 1990), and the base is within the top part of the middle Eocene dolomitic limestone of the Avon Park Formation (Jones and Maslia, 1994). In the Brunswick area, the Upper Floridan aquifer is confined at the top by Miocene silty clay and dense, phosphatic limestone or dolostone (Clarke and others, 1990) and is confined at the base by dolomitic limestone that occurs between 1,000 and 1,050 feet (Wait and Gregg, 1973). The Upper Floridan aquifer in the Brunswick area consists of an upper and lower water bearing, or permeable, zone (Wait and Gregg, 1973). The two permeable zones are separated by a low-permeability, semiconfining, upper Eocene dolostone unit that partially restricts flow between the zones (Clarke and others, 1990). The upper zone is recognizable on geophysical logs by a series of "kicks" to the left on spontaneous potential (SP) logs and to the right on resistivity logs and can yield up to 70% of the water to wells that penetrate both zones (Wait and Gregg, 1973). The lower zone, which is typically cavernous (Wait and Gregg, 1973), can be discerned using caliper logs in conjunction with acoustic televiewer logs (Jones, 2001). It may also be possible to discern the lower zone by a similar, yet discrete, series of SP and resistivity "kicks" exhibited in the upper zone. The entire Upper Floridan aquifer at Well 34H337 (located approximately 2,000 feet north of Well TW34H504/505) has an average transmissivity and storativity of 1.4 million gallons per day per foot (gpd/ft) and 0.0005, respectively (Wait and Gregg, 1973). Southside Baptist Church Drill Site The hydrogeology of the Upper Floridan aquifer encountered at the Southside Baptist Church well site was interpreted from geologic and geophysical data obtained during drilling of the well. The top of the Oligocene (base of the "C-marker") was encountered at approximately 568 feet below ground surface (bgs) and marks the top of the Suwanee Limestone. The Oligocene-Eocene boundary ("D-marker") was encountered at 592 feet bgs, and marks the bottom of the Suwanee Limestone and top of the upper Eocene Ocala Limestone. The upper-middle Eocene boundary between the Ocala Limestone and Avon Park Formation was encountered around 920 feet bgs at the contact of limestone and dolostone. The upper Floridan aquifer includes the Suwanee Limestone, Ocala Limestone and Avon Park Formation and extends from 570 feet bgs to below well termination at 1000 feet bgs. UPPER FLORIDAN SALT-WATER MONITORING WELLS Prior to drilling at the TW34H504/505 location, LAW secured a work area that roughly measured 100 by 150 feet. The site was secured with six-foot high chain link fencing and sanitary facilities were provided. Well construction began on September 19, 2001 and was completed on November 17, 2001. Drilling Methods and Well Construction To construct the Upper Floridan salt-water monitoring well at the Southside Baptist Church site (TW34H504/505), three casings were set at depths that corresponded to significant geologic horizons. The casings included a 20-inch diameter outer surface casing for upper borehole stability, a 14-inch diameter inner casing installed to 585 feet, and an 8-inch diameter well casing installed to 831 feet. Initially, a 12-inch diameter pilot hole was drilled (using mud rotary methods) into surficial sediments until a suitable geologic horizon upon which to set the 20-inch surface casing was encountered (this horizon is typically encountered at a depth between 60 and 150 feet in the Brunswick area, and was encountered at a depth of 55 feet below ground surface (bgs) at TWH34H504/505). After this horizon was encountered, the pilot hole was reamed out to a 24-inch diameter borehole to this depth using mud rotary drilling techniques. To stabilize the boring, 55 feet of 20-inch surface casing constructed of standard steel was installed within the 24-inch boring and grouted along the entire length with Type II neat cement grout (ASTM C 150 Type II). The surface casing was grouted by placing cement directly into the annular space between the borehole wall and the casing, while pumping mud from the bottom of the annular space. Following installation and grouting of the 20-inch casing, a nominal 19-inch diameter boring was advanced to the top of the Upper Floridan aquifer using mud rotary drilling techniques. Near the completion of the nominal 19-inch diameter borehole, LAW contacted the EPD to provide downhole geophysical logging services of the Miocene deposits. Downhole digital SP, resistivity, gamma, caliper, and temperature logs were collected on September 28, 2001. The logs are presented in Appendix B. Following the geophysical logging, a 14-inch standard steel casing was installed within this borehole to a depth of 585 feet bgs. This depth roughly corresponds to the top of the Ocala Limestone, where the first continuous competent limestone formation was encountered at 592 feet bgs. The annular space around the casing and the borehole wall and the surface casing was cemented its entire length by pressuregrouting Type II neat cement grout through the inside diameter of the 14-inch steel casing. Next, a 9-inch diameter pilot boring was advanced into the limestone using reverse air rotary drilling techniques. The nominal 9-inch diameter boring penetrated the Upper Floridan aquifer and terminated at an approximate depth of 1000 feet at the base of the Upper Floridan aquifer at the Southside Baptist Church drill site. Near the completion of the nominal 9-inch diameter borehole, LAW contacted the EPD and the USGS to provide downhole geophysical logging services. Downhole digital SP, resistivity, gamma, caliper, acoustic velocity/porosity and temperature logs were collected by the EPD on October 11, 2001. The logs are presented in Appendix B. LAW, EPD, and the USGS reviewed logging results and participated in selecting the monitoring zones for the upper and the lower permeable zones of the Upper Floridan aquifer at well TW34H504/505. A 13.5-inch diamter bit was used to ream-out the pilot boring to a depth of 835 feet bgs, which corresponds to the top of the lower permeable zone. Prior to this activity, coarse sand was tremied down the borehole to fill the entire length of the lower permeable zone in order to prevent materials produced from the subsequent drilling and grouting operations from entering the zone. An 8-inch standard steel casing was then installed within the nominal 13.5-inch borehole to a depth of 831 feet bgs, terminating near the top of the lower permeable zone. Centralizers were installed at the following locations above the bottom of the 8-inch casing: 2.5, 21, 38 and 80 feet. The remaining 42-feet long sections of pipe had a half-moon type centralizer welded 4 feet from the top of the section and staggered with respect to each other. The 8-inch casing was pressure grouted from a depth of 841 feet bgs up to 759 feet using Type II neat cement grout. After allowing the grout to harden for four days, the concrete float shoe and cement plug were drilled out using a 7-inch bit. The sand-filled 9-inch open hole was then cleaned-out using an air-lift method. This method of completing the monitoring wells was used so the grout seal between the upper and the lower permeable zones was not compromised by subsequent drilling operations. As constructed, the upper monitoring zone designated as TW34H504 extends from 606 to 759 feet bgs, and the lower monitoring zone designated as TW34H505 extends from 841 to 1,000 feet bgs. The static water level at the site is above ground surface; therefore, the well was constructed to allow the temporary "shut-in" of the well during non-drilling times so that the well could not flow. Well completion details are summarized on Figure 2 and on the lithologic log in Appendix A. LAW oversaw all drilling activities at the drill site. During drilling operations for the well, LAW collected cuttings at a minimum of 10-foot intervals and maintained records of drilling progress and drilling conditions. Cutting samples from the well were collected in two sets and one set was provided to the USGS. The site geologist described the lithology of the cuttings using the Unified Soil Classification and the USGS lithologic classification system. During drilling and well installation, the site geologist was in continuous communication with both the Project Manager and the Principal Investigator regarding progress of the project. Well development procedures of the lower zone included air lifting for two hours to remove larger solid material from the test well. Development continued until "clear" water was produced and a water quality parameter (conductivity) stabilized. The upper zone was developed by allowing the well to flow for an 8hour period until "clear" water was produced and a water quality parameter (conductivity) stabilized. Drilling fluids produced during reverse air rotary drilling and development were treated using a trailermounted particulate matter filter system with a 400-gallon per minute capacity. This filter was used in conjunction with baffled settling tanks so that turbid water did not enter any surface water body. This particulate matter filter system was trailer-mounted with two primary filters (100 micron) that could be operated either in parallel or series and a bank of four polishing filters (25 to 50 micron). The water was then conveyed away from the well site so that the water did not damage the site. Piping, hay bales, and silt fencing were used as necessary to accomplish this conveyance. Well TW34H504/505 was completed at land surface with a four-inch thick concrete pad with dimensions of five feet by five feet. The casing of the well was left at a height of three feet above the pad to accommodate the installation of valves to control artesian flow. The drill site was restored after completion of all drilling operations. Site restoration included removal of all drilling equipment and drilling debris, filling mud sumps and ruts created by drilling equipment, and seeding with a lowmaintenance grass. An as-built schematic and photographs of the completed well head are shown in Appendix C. 1.0 sampling Methods The well was sampled so that in-situ conductivity measurements could be related to the water samples obtained from the wells. After collection, the water samples from each zone were analyzed by an EPD laboratory for TDS and chlorides. The analyses are included in Appendix E. The well was allowed to free-flow to withdraw water from the test well at each zone to be monitored. As the well flowed, the water quality parameters of pH, temperature, and specific conductivity were measured, and water samples were taken after the parameters stabilized. 2.0 long-term monitoring methods Water Level Measurements Two Hydrolab Diver water-level loggers were installed to provide measurements of potentiometric head changes in the monitoring well. An accuracy of +/- 0.1 foot can be achieved by the water-level loggers used in the well. The instruments are programmed to record the head once per hour. The water-level loggers were initially installed for the December 2001 monitoring period to depths of 20 feet bgs in both the upper and lower monitoring zones. The logger installed in the upper monitoring zone is currently set at a depth of approximately 10 feet bgs and the logger in the lower monitoring zone is currently set at approximately 7 feet bgs. The dataloggers were reset to the shallower depths to prevent water pressure from exceeding the maximum rated range of the instruments in the event of significant increases in water level. Transducer settings with minimal depth of water cover enabled LAW to select pressure transducers with lower pressure ratings. Since instrument accuracy is a percentage of pressure rating, application of lower pressure on the tranducers enabled LAW to use transducers with increased accuracy for measuring pressure. Information and specifications of the installed instruments are presented in Appendix D. Salinity Measurements A datalogger/salinity measurement device was installed to monitor salinity in each zone. A Solinst Reelogger with a downhole conductivity probe was installed to monitor the upper zone, while a Hydrolab MiniSonde 4A was installed to monitor the lower zone. The measurement devices operate by measuring conductivity as a surrogate of salinity. Calibration of each device was conducted in accordance to the manufacturers instrument specifications. The instruments were programmed to record a conductivity measurement once per hour. The conductivity measurement devices are set near the mid-depth of the zone to be monitored (670 feet bgs in the upper zone, and 920 feet bgs in the lower zone). The Hydrolab MiniSonde, which has internal datalogging capability, is suspended on a stainless steel cable. The conductivity probe for the Solinst Reelogger monitoring device in the upper zone is raised and lowered through a 1-inch observation riser and screen located in the annulus between the 14-inch open hole and the 8-inch casing. Data from the Hydrolab lower zone measurement system will be downloaded on a monthly basis by lifting the MiniSonde to the surface. Retrieval of the device is accomplished by manually reeling in the stainless steel cable. Once at the surface, the data can be downloaded from the MiniSonde to a laptop computer. The MiniSonde will be calibrated while at the surface. Data from the Solinst upper zone measurement system will be downloaded on a monthly basis from the surface-mounted Reelogger datalogger unit. The Solinst probe will be lifted to the surface and calibrated and checked each month. Retrieval of the down-hole probe is accomplished by manually reeling in the data transmission cable, which contains an integral safety cable. Information and specifications of the installed instruments are presented in Appendix D. 3.0 reporting to epd In accordance with the March 12, 2001 Scope of Work issued by the Georgia EPD, LAW is contracted to monitor the upper water-bearing zone (TW34H504) until December 31, 2005, and monitor the lower water-bearing zone (TW34H505) for a minimum of six continuous months after well completion, or as directed by EPD. LAW will submit quarterly reports of water level and salinity data to EPD and the USGS, via e-mail, for the calendar years 2002, 2003, 2004, and 2005. Each report will provide a short narrative description and water level and salinity data in both a tabular and graphical format. The yearly reports shall be provided no later than 15 days after the end of each quarter, which shall be March 31, June 30, September 30, and December 31 of each year. This site report also includes monitoring results for 2001, which are presented in Appendix E. These results include water level monitoring data from the Hydrolab Divers, suspended in the annular space between the 14-inch and 8-inch casings (upper zone) and inside the 8-inch casing (lower zone), conductivity data from the Solinst Reelogger conductivity probe suspended at 670 feet bgs at the midpoint of the upper monitoring zone and from the Hydrolab MiniSonde suspended at 920 feet bgs at the mid-point of the lower zone, and barometric pressure data from the Hydrolab Diver installed inside the protective well house. The data series for the Hydrolab MiniSonde was terminated prematurely after approximately three days of measurement due to a low battery condition in the MiniSonde. The Minisonde was returned to Hydrolab for repairs, where a failure of the internal battery was discovered. The MiniSonde has been repaired by Hydrolab and is now operating properly. 4.0 4.0 REFERENCES Clarke, John S., Charles M. Hacke, and Michael F. Peck, 1990, Geology and ground-water resources of the coastal area of Georgia: Geologic Survey Bulletin 113, 106 p. Jones, L. Elliot, 2001, U.S. Geological Survey, oral communication. Jones, L. Elliot and Morris L. Maslia, 1994, Selected ground-water data, and results of aquifer tests for the Upper Floridan aquifer, Brunswick, Glynn County, Georgia, area: U.S. Geological Survey Open File Report 94-520, 107 p. Wait, Robert L, and Dean O. Gregg, 1973, Hydrology and chloride contamination of the principal artesian aquifer in Glynn County, Georgia: Georgia Department of Natural Resources Hydrologic Report 1, 93 p. TABLES FIGURES Figure 1 TW34H504/505 Site Location Map Figure 2 TW34H504/505 Well Schematic APPENDICES Appendix A Lithologic Log Appendix B Geophysical Logs: Log 1, Log 2 Appendix C Schematic and Photographs of Well Head: Schematic, Exterior Well Photo, Interior Well Photo Appendix D Instrument Information/Specifications Appendix E Ground-Water Monitoring Data: Upper Zone Figure E-1 (Water level, temperature) Figure E-2 (conductance) Lower Zone Figure E-3 (Water level, temperature) Figure E-4 (conductance) Figure E-5 (Barometric Pressure) FINAL REPORT OF SALT-WATER MONITORING OF THE UPPER FLORIDAN AQUIFER AT BRUNSWICK, GA MONITORING WELL TW34H504/505 Prepared for GEORGIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION DIVISION ATLANTA, GEORGIA Prepared by LAW ENGINEERING AND ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES, INC. KENNESAW, GEORGIA AUGUST 2002 LAW PROJECT 12000-1-0071 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page No. 1. 0 BACKGROUND AND INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................1-1 2. 0 DRILLING AND WELL CONSTRUCTION METHODS...............................................................2-1 3. 0 SAMPLING METHODS...................................................................................................................3-1 4. 0 LONG-TERM MONITORING METHODS......................................................................................4-1 5. 0 REPORTING TO EPD .......................................................................................................................5-1 6. 0 REFERENCES ...................................................................................................................................6-1 FIGURES Figure 1 Figure 2 TW34H504/505 Site Location Map Southside Baptist Church Well Schematic APPENDIX Appendix A Lithologic Log Appendix B Geophysical Logs Appendix C Schematic and Photographs of Well Head Appendix D Instrument Information/Specifications Appendix E Ground-Water Monitoring Data 1-1 Final Report of Installation of TW34H504 Salt-Water Monitoring of the Upper Floridan Aquifer at Brunswick, Georgia LAW Project No. 12000-1-0071 1.0 BACKGROUND AND INTRODUCTION August 2002 On April 23, 1997, the Georgia Environmental Protection Division (EPD) issued its Interim Strategy for Managing Salt Water Intrusion in the Upper Floridan aquifer of Southeast Georgia. The Interim Strategy, which will apply to 24 coastal counties of Georgia and affect adjacent parts of South Carolina and Florida, specifically calls for EPD to: Conduct expanded scientific and feasibility studies to determine with certainty how to permanently stop the salt water intrusion moving towards Hilton Head Island, South Carolina and how to prevent the existing salt water intrusion at Brunswick, Georgia from worsening As part of the Interim Strategy, the EPD is conducting an investigation of the Upper Floridan aquifer at Brunswick, Georgia. When the investigation of the Upper Floridan aquifer at Brunswick, Georgia is completed, the results are expected to partially answer one group of questions posed by the Upper Floridan Technical Advisory Committee (TAC): Where are the known locations where salt water is entering the Upper Floridan aquifer and why is salt water entering at these locations? Can a long-term monitoring system be established so that changes in salt water intrusion can be monitored? To achieve these results, EPD entered into a contract with LAW Engineering and Environmental Services, Inc. (LAW) to design and construct two 900'-1,000' salt-water monitoring wells in the Upper Floridan aquifer of Brunswick, Georgia, and to continuously monitor water levels and salinity until June 30, 2006. The general objective of the proposed project is to ... provide quarterly electronic reports on the chloride content in these wells to EPD and the United States Geological Survey (USGS). GENERAL APPROACH As specified in the EPD Scope of Work, the work performed in phase 2 of this project involved the drilling, logging, and initial monitoring of a salt-water monitoring well in the Upper Floridan aquifer in Brunswick, Georgia. The monitoring well was drilled and constructed by a Georgialicensed water well contractor (Woodrow Sapp Water Well Contractor, Inc.). The Southside Baptist Church site was selected (see Figure 1) and permission for drilling was obtained by EPD. The well was cased off through the Miocene and younger confining units and completed as an 1-1 Final Report of Installation of TW34H504 Salt-Water Monitoring of the Upper Floridan Aquifer at Brunswick, Georgia LAW Project No. 12000-1-0071 August 2002 open hole well in two separate permeable zones within the Upper Floridan aquifer. The well was geophysically logged prior to completion. Water level and conductivity measuring instruments that are capable of making digital measurements a minimum of once per hour were installed downhole in each of the two zones. Upon completion and final instrumenting of this well, LAW prepared a draft report describing and illustrating site geologic conditions (including lithologic and geophysical logs), stratigraphic and hydrostratigraphic identifications, "as-built" conditions, instrumentation settings, and preliminary water level and salinity data. After review of this draft report by the EPD, LAW prepared the necessary modifications to submit this final report. In accordance with EPD' s March 12, 2001 revised work plan, monitoring of the upper-water bearing zone will continue until December 31, 2005, and monitoring of the lower water-bearing zone will continue for a minimum of six continuous months after well completion. LAW will submit quarterly reports of water level and salinity data in digital format to EPD and the USGS for the calendar years 2002, 2003, 2004, and 2005. Each report will provide a short narrative description and water level and salinity data in a graphical format. In accordance with the EPD Scope of Work, this first well (TW34H504/505) was completed before December 31, 2001. Well designation TW34H504 corresponds to the upper permeable zone and TW34H505 corresponds to the lower permeable zone. In this report the designation TW34H504/505 corresponds to the combined well facility constructed at the Southside Baptist Church location. 1-2 Final Report of Installation of TW34H504 Salt-Water Monitoring of the Upper Floridan Aquifer at Brunswick, Georgia LAW Project No. 12000-1-0071 August 2002 2.0 DRILLING AND WELL CONSTRUCTION METHODS Prior to initiating field work, LAW visited the Georgia District of the Water Resources Division of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and the Georgia Geologic Survey (GGS) to review relevant files, data, and publications and to discuss technical matters concerning geology, hydrogeology, well construction and water quality within the Floridan aquifer in the Brunswick area. Following these meetings, LAW discussed drilling strategies with the drilling subcontractor. Based on these meetings, LAW prepared and presented to EPD for approval the project design for well drilling, construction, and instrumentation (Phase 1 of this project). GEOLOGY The geology, to a depth of 1,000 feet, was studied from publications and unpublished government records to provide site-specific geologic and hydrogeologic interpretation for the Southside Baptist Church site. To accomplish this, LAW obtained lithological and geophysical logs and viewed televiewer recordings of various wells located in the vicinity of the proposed drill site. The location of the first deep monitoring well (TW34H504/505) at the Southside Baptist Church site was confirmed on July 12, 2001, by the GGS. Southside Baptist Church Drill Site The lithology encountered at the Southside Baptist Church drill site is summarized in Table 1. Well 34H504/505 was drilled to a depth of 1,000 feet. The lithologic log is presented in Appendix A, and the geophysical logs are presented in Appendix B. TABLE 1 DEPTH (FT) 0 10 10 35 35 56 56 76 76 104 104 133 133 - 139 139 195 195 215 215 325 325 345 345 442 442 474 LITHOLOGIC SUMMARY No samples taken Green-gray silty fine to coarse SAND Green-gray SHELL layer and sandy LIMESTONE Green-gray sandy SILT/SILTSTONE Green-gray to white silty fine to very coarse SAND to gravelly SAND Green-gray clayey SILT Green-gray silty sandy GRAVEL Green-gray sandy SILT to medium to very coarse silty SAND Green-gray medium to very coarse gravelly SAND to very coarse SAND interbedded with sandy CLAY Green-gray silty CLAY to sandy silty CLAY Green-gray sandy DOLOSTONE and LIMESTONE Green-gray sandy clayey SILT Green-gray phosphatic, SILT and SANDSTONE 2-1 Final Report of Installation of TW34H504 Salt-Water Monitoring of the Upper Floridan Aquifer at Brunswick, Georgia LAW Project No. 12000-1-0071 August 2002 474 578 578 592 592 921 921 940 940 952 952 1000 Green-gray to white silty to sandy fossiliferous LIMESTONE Green-gray very fine to medium silty SANDSTONE White to green-gray fossiliferous LIMESTONE with bryozoa, mollusks, coral, and foraminifera Yellow-brown DOLOSTONE Yellow LIMESTONE interbedded with olive-gray DOLOSTONE Light gray to yellow to white fossiliferous to dolomitic LIMESTONE The geophysical logs from Well TW34H504/505 exhibit a reasonable correlation with the lithological log from this well. The base of the Miocene and younger formations is noted by a "C-marker" on gamma-ray logs and the base of the Oligocene is marked by the presence of a "Dmarker" on gamma-ray logs (Jones and Maslia, 1994). At Well TW34H504/505, the "C-marker" is present at a depth of 568 feet and also represents the horizon at which the top of the Oligocene Suwannee Limestone is encountered. The Suwannee Limestone extends to a depth of 592 feet, as noted by a "D marker" (Jones and Maslia, 1994). This marker also represents the horizon where the upper Eocene Ocala Limestone is encountered. The Ocala Limestone extends to approximately 921 feet where the middle Eocene Avon Park Formation is encountered. Using gamma-ray logs, this geologic framework can be correlated to other wells around the Southside Baptist Church drill site. The nearest well to the Southside Baptist Church drill site is Well 34H100, a 786-foot deep well located 400 feet to the southeast of TW34H504/505. Based on the geophysical logs for Well 34H100, the base of the Miocene and younger formations is at a depth of 570 feet and the base of the Oligocene Suwannee Limestone is at a depth of 595 feet in this well. LOCAL HYDROGEOLOGY In the Brunswick area, the general hydrostratigraphy consists of a surficial aquifer, the Upper and Lower Brunswick aquifers, and the Upper and Lower Floridan aquifers, each separated by distinct semiconfining units (Jones and Maslia, 1994). Since the Miocene and younger formations were cased off in monitoring well TW34H504 and the well did not penetrate to the Lower Floridan aquifer, only the hydrogeology of the Upper Floridan aquifer was studied. The top of the Upper Floridan aquifer coincides with the C-marker at the top of the Oligocene Suwannee Limestone (Clarke and others, 1990), and the base is within the top part of the middle Eocene dolomitic limestone of the Avon Park Formation (Jones and Maslia, 1994). 2-2 Final Report of Installation of TW34H504 Salt-Water Monitoring of the Upper Floridan Aquifer at Brunswick, Georgia LAW Project No. 12000-1-0071 August 2002 In the Brunswick area, the Upper Floridan aquifer is confined at the top by Miocene silty clay and dense, phosphatic limestone or dolostone (Clarke and others, 1990) and is confined at the base by dolomitic limestone that occurs between 1,000 and 1,050 feet (Wait and Gregg, 1973). The Upper Floridan aquifer in the Brunswick area consists of an upper and lower water bearing, or permeable, zone (Wait and Gregg, 1973). The two permeable zones are separated by a lowpermeability, semiconfining, upper Eocene dolostone unit that partially restricts flow between the zones (Clarke and others, 1990). The upper zone is recognizable on geophysical logs by a series of " kicks" to the left on spontaneous potential (SP) logs and to the right on resistivity logs and can yield up to 70% of the water to wells that penetrate both zones (Wait and Gregg, 1973). The lower zone, which is typically cavernous (Wait and Gregg, 1973), can be discerned using caliper logs in conjunction with acoustic televiewer logs (Jones, 2001). It may also be possible to discern the lower zone by a similar, yet discrete, series of SP and resistivity " kicks" exhibited in the upper zone. The entire Upper Floridan aquifer at Well 34H337 (located approximately 2,000 feet north of Well TW34H504/505) has an average transmissivity and storativity of 1.4 million gallons per day per foot (gpd/ft) and 0.0005, respectively (Wait and Gregg, 1973). Southside Baptist Church Drill Site The hydrogeology of the Upper Floridan aquifer encountered at the Southside Baptist Church well site was interpreted from geologic and geophysical data obtained during drilling of the well. The top of the Oligocene (base of the " C-marker" ) was encountered at approximately 568 feet below ground surface (bgs) and marks the top of the Suwanee Limestone. The Oligocene-Eocene boundary (" D-marker" ) was encountered at 592 feet bgs, and marks the bottom of the Suwanee Limestone and top of the upper Eocene Ocala Limestone. The upper-middle Eocene boundary between the Ocala Limestone and Avon Park Formation was encountered around 920 feet bgs at the contact of limestone and dolostone. The upper Floridan aquifer includes the Suwanee Limestone, Ocala Limestone and Avon Park Formation and extends from 570 feet bgs to below well termination at 1000 feet bgs. UPPER FLORIDAN SALT-WATER MONITORING WELLS Prior to drilling at the TW34H504/505 location, LAW secured a work area that roughly measured 100 by 150 feet. The site was secured with six-foot high chain link fencing and sanitary facilities were provided. Well construction began on September 19, 2001 and was completed on November 17, 2001. 2-3 Final Report of Installation of TW34H504 Salt-Water Monitoring of the Upper Floridan Aquifer at Brunswick, Georgia LAW Project No. 12000-1-0071 August 2002 Drilling Methods and Well Construction To construct the Upper Floridan salt-water monitoring well at the Southside Baptist Church site (TW34H504/505), three casings were set at depths that corresponded to significant geologic horizons. The casings included a 20-inch diameter outer surface casing for upper borehole stability, a 14-inch diameter inner casing installed to 585 feet, and an 8-inch diameter well casing installed to 831 feet. Initially, a 12-inch diameter pilot hole was drilled (using mud rotary methods) into surficial sediments until a suitable geologic horizon upon which to set the 20-inch surface casing was encountered (this horizon is typically encountered at a depth between 60 and 150 feet in the Brunswick area, and was encountered at a depth of 55 feet below ground surface (bgs) at TWH34H504/505). After this horizon was encountered, the pilot hole was reamed out to a 24-inch diameter borehole to this depth using mud rotary drilling techniques. To stabilize the boring, 55 feet of 20-inch surface casing constructed of standard steel was installed within the 24inch boring and grouted along the entire length with Type II neat cement grout (ASTM C 150 Type II). The surface casing was grouted by placing cement directly into the annular space between the borehole wall and the casing, while pumping mud from the bottom of the annular space. Following installation and grouting of the 20-inch casing, a nominal 19-inch diameter boring was advanced to the top of the Upper Floridan aquifer using mud rotary drilling techniques. Near the completion of the nominal 19-inch diameter borehole, LAW contacted the EPD to provide downhole geophysical logging services of the Miocene deposits. Downhole digital SP, resistivity, gamma, caliper, and temperature logs were collected on September 28, 2001. The logs are presented in Appendix B. Following the geophysical logging, a 14-inch standard steel casing was installed within this borehole to a depth of 585 feet bgs. This depth roughly corresponds to the top of the Ocala Limestone, where the first continuous competent limestone formation was encountered at 592 feet bgs. The annular space around the casing and the borehole wall and the surface casing was cemented its entire length by pressure-grouting Type II neat cement grout through the inside diameter of the 14-inch steel casing. Next, a 9 -inch diameter pilot boring was advanced into the limestone using reverse air rotary drilling techniques. The nominal 9 -inch diameter boring penetrated the Upper Floridan aquifer and terminated at an approximate depth of 1000 feet at the base of the Upper Floridan aquifer at the Southside Baptist Church drill site. Near the completion of the nominal 9 -inch diameter 2-4 Final Report of Installation of TW34H504 Salt-Water Monitoring of the Upper Floridan Aquifer at Brunswick, Georgia LAW Project No. 12000-1-0071 August 2002 borehole, LAW contacted the EPD and the USGS to provide downhole geophysical logging services. Downhole digital SP, resistivity, gamma, caliper, acoustic velocity/porosity and temperature logs were collected by the EPD on October 11, 2001. The logs are presented in Appendix B. LAW, EPD, and the USGS reviewed logging results and participated in selecting the monitoring zones for the upper and the lower permeable zones of the Upper Floridan aquifer at well TW34H504/505. A 13.5-inch diamter bit was used to ream-out the pilot boring to a depth of 835 feet bgs, which corresponds to the top of the lower permeable zone. Prior to this activity, coarse sand was tremied down the borehole to fill the entire length of the lower permeable zone in order to prevent materials produced from the subsequent drilling and grouting operations from entering the zone. An 8-inch standard steel casing was then installed within the nominal 13.5-inch borehole to a depth of 831 feet bgs, terminating near the top of the lower permeable zone. Centralizers were installed at the following locations above the bottom of the 8-inch casing: 2.5, 21, 38 and 80 feet. The remaining 42-feet long sections of pipe had a half-moon type centralizer welded 4 feet from the top of the section and staggered with respect to each other. The 8-inch casing was pressure grouted from a depth of 841 feet bgs up to 759 feet using Type II neat cement grout. After allowing the grout to harden for four days, the concrete float shoe and cement plug were drilled out using a 7 -inch bit. The sand-filled 9 -inch open hole was then cleaned-out using an air-lift method. This method of completing the monitoring wells was used so the grout seal between the upper and the lower permeable zones was not compromised by subsequent drilling operations. As constructed, the upper monitoring zone designated as TW34H504 extends from 606 to 759 feet bgs, and the lower monitoring zone designated as TW34H505 extends from 841 to 1,000 feet bgs. The static water level at the site is above ground surface; therefore, the well was constructed to allow the temporary " shut-in" of the well during non-drilling times so that the well could not flow. Well completion details are summarized on Figure 2 and on the lithologic log in Appendix A. LAW oversaw all drilling activities at the drill site. During drilling operations for the well, LAW collected cuttings at a minimum of 10-foot intervals and maintained records of drilling progress and drilling conditions. Cutting samples from the well were collected in two sets and one set was provided to the USGS. The site geologist described the lithology of the cuttings using the Unified Soil Classification and the USGS lithologic classification system. During drilling and 2-5 Final Report of Installation of TW34H504 Salt-Water Monitoring of the Upper Floridan Aquifer at Brunswick, Georgia LAW Project No. 12000-1-0071 August 2002 well installation, the site geologist was in continuous communication with both the Project Manager and the Principal Investigator regarding progress of the project. Well development procedures of the lower zone included air lifting for two hours to remove larger solid material from the test well. Development continued until " clear" water was produced and a water quality parameter (conductivity) stabilized. The upper zone was developed by allowing the well to flow for an 8-hour period until " clear" water was produced and a water quality parameter (conductivity) stabilized. Drilling fluids produced during reverse air rotary drilling and development were treated using a trailer-mounted particulate matter filter system with a 400-gallon per minute capacity. This filter was used in conjunction with baffled settling tanks so that turbid water did not enter any surface water body. This particulate matter filter system was trailer-mounted with two primary filters (100 micron) that could be operated either in parallel or series and a bank of four polishing filters (25 to 50 micron). The water was then conveyed away from the well site so that the water did not damage the site. Piping, hay bales, and silt fencing were used as necessary to accomplish this conveyance. Well TW34H504/505 was completed at land surface with a four-inch thick concrete pad with dimensions of five feet by five feet. The casing of the well was left at a height of three feet above the pad to accommodate the installation of valves to control artesian flow. The drill site was restored after completion of all drilling operations. Site restoration included removal of all drilling equipment and drilling debris, filling mud sumps and ruts created by drilling equipment, and seeding with a low-maintenance grass. An as-built schematic and photographs of the completed well head are shown in Appendix C. 2-6 Final Report of Installation of TW34H504 Salt-Water Monitoring of the Upper Floridan Aquifer at Brunswick, Georgia LAW Project No. 12000-1-0071 August 2002 3.0 SAMPLING METHODS The well was sampled so that in-situ conductivity measurements could be related to the water samples obtained from the wells. After collection, the water samples from each zone were analyzed by an EPD laboratory for TDS and chlorides. The analyses are included in Appendix E. The well was allowed to free-flow to withdraw water from the test well at each zone to be monitored. As the well flowed, the water quality parameters of pH, temperature, and specific conductivity were measured, and water samples were taken after the parameters stabilized. 3-1 Final Report of Installation of TW34H504 Salt-Water Monitoring of the Upper Floridan Aquifer at Brunswick, Georgia LAW Project No. 12000-1-0071 4.0 LONG-TERM MONITORING METHODS August 2002 WATER LEVEL MEASUREMENTS Two Hydrolab Diver water-level loggers were installed to provide measurements of potentiometric head changes in the monitoring well. An accuracy of +/- 0.1 foot can be achieved by the water-level loggers used in the well. The instruments are programmed to record the head once per hour. The water-level loggers were initially installed for the December 2001 monitoring period to depths of 20 feet bgs in both the upper and lower monitoring zones. The logger installed in the upper monitoring zone is currently set at a depth of approximately 10 feet bgs and the logger in the lower monitoring zone is currently set at approximately 7 feet bgs. The dataloggers were reset to the shallower depths to prevent water pressure from exceeding the maximum rated range of the instruments in the event of significant increases in water level. Transducer settings with minimal depth of water cover enabled LAW to select pressure transducers with lower pressure ratings. Since instrument accuracy is a percentage of pressure rating, application of lower pressure on the tranducers enabled LAW to use transducers with increased accuracy for measuring pressure. Information and specifications of the installed instruments are presented in Appendix D. SALINITY MEASUREMENTS A datalogger/salinity measurement device was installed to monitor salinity in each zone. A Solinst Reelogger with a downhole conductivity probe was installed to monitor the upper zone, while a Hydrolab MiniSonde 4A was installed to monitor the lower zone. The measurement devices operate by measuring conductivity as a surrogate of salinity. Calibration of each device was conducted in accordance to the manufacturers instrument specifications. The instruments were programmed to record a conductivity measurement once per hour. The conductivity measurement devices are set near the mid-depth of the zone to be monitored (670 feet bgs in the upper zone, and 920 feet bgs in the lower zone). The Hydrolab MiniSonde, which has internal datalogging capability, is suspended on a stainless steel cable. The conductivity probe for the Solinst Reelogger monitoring device in the upper zone is raised and lowered through a 1-inch observation riser and screen located in the annulus between the 14-inch open hole and the 8-inch casing. Data from the Hydrolab lower zone measurement system will be downloaded on a monthly basis by lifting the MiniSonde to the surface. Retrieval of the device is accomplished by manually reeling in the stainless steel cable. Once at the surface, the data can be downloaded 4-1 Final Report of Installation of TW34H504 Salt-Water Monitoring of the Upper Floridan Aquifer at Brunswick, Georgia LAW Project No. 12000-1-0071 August 2002 from the MiniSonde to a laptop computer. The MiniSonde will be calibrated while at the surface. Data from the Solinst upper zone measurement system will be downloaded on a monthly basis from the surface-mounted Reelogger datalogger unit. The Solinst probe will be lifted to the surface and calibrated and checked each month. Retrieval of the down-hole probe is accomplished by manually reeling in the data transmission cable, which contains an integral safety cable. Information and specifications of the installed instruments are presented in Appendix D. 4-2 Final Report of Installation of TW34H504 Salt-Water Monitoring of the Upper Floridan Aquifer at Brunswick, Georgia LAW Project No. 12000-1-0071 August 2002 5.0 REPORTING TO EPD In accordance with the March 12, 2001 Scope of Work issued by the Georgia EPD, LAW is contracted to monitor the upper water-bearing zone (TW34H504) until December 31, 2005, and monitor the lower water-bearing zone (TW34H505) for a minimum of six continuous months after well completion, or as directed by EPD. LAW will submit quarterly reports of water level and salinity data to EPD and the USGS, via e-mail, for the calendar years 2002, 2003, 2004, and 2005. Each report will provide a short narrative description and water level and salinity data in both a tabular and graphical format. The yearly reports shall be provided no later than 15 days after the end of each quarter, which shall be March 31, June 30, September 30, and December 31 of each year. This site report also includes monitoring results for 2001, which are presented in Appendix E. These results include water level monitoring data from the Hydrolab Divers, suspended in the annular space between the 14-inch and 8-inch casings (upper zone) and inside the 8-inch casing (lower zone), conductivity data from the Solinst Reelogger conductivity probe suspended at 670 feet bgs at the midpoint of the upper monitoring zone and from the Hydrolab MiniSonde suspended at 920 feet bgs at the mid-point of the lower zone, and barometric pressure data from the Hydrolab Diver installed inside the protective well house. The data series for the Hydrolab MiniSonde was terminated prematurely after approximately three days of measurement due to a low battery condition in the MiniSonde. The Minisonde was returned to Hydrolab for repairs, where a failure of the internal battery was discovered. The MiniSonde has been repaired by Hydrolab and is now operating properly. 5-1 Final Report of Installation of TW34H504 Salt-Water Monitoring of the Upper Floridan Aquifer at Brunswick, Georgia LAW Project No. 12000-1-0071 6.0 REFERENCES August 2002 Clarke, John S., Charles M. Hacke, and Michael F. Peck, 1990, Geology and ground-water resources of the coastal area of Georgia: Geologic Survey Bulletin 113, 106 p. Jones, L. Elliot, 2001, U.S. Geological Survey, oral communication. Jones, L. Elliot and Morris L. Maslia, 1994, Selected ground-water data, and results of aquifer tests for the Upper Floridan aquifer, Brunswick, Glynn County, Georgia, area: U.S. Geological Survey Open File Report 94-520, 107 p. Wait, Robert L, and Dean O. Gregg, 1973, Hydrology and chloride contamination of the principal artesian aquifer in Glynn County, Georgia: Georgia Department of Natural Resources Hydrologic Report 1, 93 p. ii TW34H504/505 LOCATION BRUNSWICK SALT-WATER MONITORING BRUNSWICK, GEORGIA Prepared By: Checked By: TW34H504/505 SITE LOCATION MAP Project: 12000-1-0071 Figure: 1 Symbol LITHOLOGIC EXPLANATION Description ELEVATION DEPTH (FEETI (FEET) TEST BORING RECORD DESCRIPTION SYMBOL WELL SERIES HEIGHT OF RISER: 2.8 feet DATUM ELEVATION: 12.8 feet HYDROLOGIC FORMATION UNIT REMARKS : 1) Drilling Method: Pilot boring; 0.0 to 74 feet - mud rotary using 12 114 in. roller cone bit, reamed out with 24 in. bit. 74-606 feet - mud rotary using 12 114 in. lead119 in. reamer bit. 606-1000 feet - reverse air rotary using 9 718 in. roller cone bit. DRILLED BY SAP LOGGED BY CK CHECKED BY RAS BORING NUMBER DATE STARTED DATE COMPLETED JOB NUMBER TW-34H504 911 9 / 0 1 11/ I 2/01 12000-1-0071 PAGE 1 OF 1 3 TEST BORING RECORD ELEVATION DEPTH (FEET) (FEET) -, -70.0 %.. Y - U 34.. - 2 w5 -80.0- - 5 U DESCRIPTION (CONTINUED) Loose, green-gray (10Y 5/1), poorly sorted, angular to subrounded, silty fine to very coarse SAND (SM) with fine to very coarse shell and limestone fragments: sand increasingly coarse with depth. -90.0- 9 5 . 0-- ------ Gray, white, blue, clear, poorly sorted, angular to subrounded, slightly silty gravelly very fine to very coarse SAND (SW) with coarse to very coarse shell and limestone fragments. -100.0- lo4'0 - - - Soft, dark green-gray (IOY 511), clayey SILT (ML) with some fine to very coarse sand, gravel and shell fragments. -110.0- - -120.0- - 133'0 - Green-gray. rounded clayey silty sandy GRAVEL (GM) with some shell and limestone fragments. -130.0- 139.0- - Dark green-gray (IOY 4ll), sandy SILT (ML) with some shell fragments: sand grains subrounded to well rounded, medium to very coarse. SYMBOL - - iv 7-7-7 7-...............-7........-......-...-......7 ...........-.-----7--..,..............7 -..7-............,.............7 7....v.---..-...r....% ...7...........!.......!......... -7_ 17 77---.........,.....7. .............-....--....- _ ............-------...........( ...,._ ...7 --..........7 .........._ .....,..----7 -..............I..... ...................7 .. 7 .-.-.- ..:.....o.... 'e. s:..'. s...:........~ , S.'...',.'.. ' .'0 a.'.:....'.'',. S.'....'.,.'..' . -.-S,....+..'........-.' ..... ..--.-.........7.-7 ...'_.+++m -..,....+.m m .:..-......+,+-....,....-.+_ A......Y ....,..,-*.-.......'..r.-/.T......4 .....*P*...--......T m 7......,....... .-.-...,....> ..'7I ..3 .-+++m .+......+rm m .m ........n..........,+.+.-...&-......m -m -.....*.V ..............,7 .*....-......T.....-.r.r...... .? ',,.....'*.3 -%-....+--.+7+*m m m ..m ....-.-......,m .m .:m ..-...........;.-.+-.....-..........m m r ,..m ..-....-....*-...--.7 -,.-...m ....... ........-7 ,.-..7 .......,...m m m ........-.........r.r........7 ...-........... .Q . ..... ..a ..d. ., .Y.....,@ .-..., WELL SERIES HEIGHT OF RISER: 2 . 8 feet DATUM ELEVATION: 1 2 . 8 feet HYDROLOGIC FORMATION UNIT -140.0- 145.0 - - ~ o o s ~ b a r d ~ e e n - g ~ ( l ~ ~ vk ie lG) ,o o r ~ y - sorted, subrounded to well rounded, very fine to very coarse silty SAND (SM) with shell and limestone fragments. -150.0 'i 7--? 7 77-v --7 v ---7--....%.............................._ ...? ......7..--.-.----..............,...-....7.......... ...,,.........................--------....---..--..........C .........,..........-............--.-....-.-....v ...-......-.-.....................................7........-....-.-----..-..----7 .-.....T .,.................,............,-...........? ...7......v .......,.................. - REMARKS : 1) Drilling Method: Pilot boring; 0.0 to 74 feet - mud rotary using 12 114 in. roller cone bit, reamed out with 24 in. bit. 74-606 feet - mud rotary using 12 114 in. lead119 in. reamer bit. 606-1000 feet - reverse air rotary using 9 718 in. roller cone bit. DRILLED BY ' SAP LOGGED BY CK CHECKED BY RAS PAGE 2 OF 13 BORING NUMBER DATE STARTED DATE COMPLETED JOB NUMBER TW-34H504 911 9/01 I I /I 2/01 1 2000-1-0071 A ENGINEERING AND ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES ELEVATION DEPTH (FEET) (FEET) TEST BORING RECORD DESCRIPTION SYMBOL WELL SERIES HEIGHT OF RISER: 2.8 feet DATUM ELEVATION: 12.8 feet HYDROLOGIC FORMATION UNIT REMARKS : 1) Drilling Method: Pilot boring; 0.0 to 74 feet - mud rotary using 12 114 in. roller cone bit. reamed out with 24 in. bit. 74-606 feet - mud rotary using 12 114 in. lead119 in. reamer bit. 606-1000 feet - reverse air rotary using 9 718 in. roller cone bit. DRILLED BY SAP LOGGED BY CK CHECKED BY RAS PAGE 3 OF 1 3 BORING NUMBER DATE STARTED DATE COMPLETED JOB NUMBER TW-34H504 911 9 / 0 1 II/ I 2/01 12000- 1-0071 A ENGINEERING AND ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES TEST BORING RECORD ELEVATION DEPTH (FEET) (FEET) (CONTINUED) DESCRIPTION Soft, dark green-gray (10Y 411) to green-black (10Y 2.511) silty CLAY (CL) with some sand, shell . fragments, and thin cherty shale and shale layers. - SYMBOL WELL SERIES HEIGHT OF RISER: 2.8 feet DATUM ELEVATION: 12.8 feet HYDROLOGIC FORMATION UNIT - 7 - to "=dark- green-gray (10Y 311) silty CLAY (CL) interbedded with very hard, very dark green-gray (10Y 311) MUDSTONE. - ( 1 0 ~ 1 t)o x h t ( 5 K 4 1 1 ) green-gray silty CLAY (CL) with thin hard mudstone layers at 284 and 312 feet. - - - ( 1 0 ~ 1to) light (1K711) green-gray sandy silty CLAY (CL) with fragments of dolostoneldolomitic limestone. REMARKS : 1) Drilling Method: Pilot borincr: 0.0 to 74 ' feet - Gud rotary using 12 174 in. roller cone bit. reamed out with 24 in. bit. 74-606 feet - mid rotary using 12 114 in. lead119 in. reamer bit. 606-1000 feet - reverse air rotary using 9 718 in. roller cone bit. DRILLED BY SAP LOGGED BY CK CHECKED BY RAS BORING NUMBER DATE STARTED DATE COMPLETED JOB NUMBER TW-34H504 9119101 II/ I 2/01 12000- 1-0071 ELEVATION DEPTH (FEET) (FEET) TEST BORING RECORD DESCRIPTION SYMBOL WELL SERIES HEIGHT OF RISER: 2 . 8 feet DATUM ELEVATION: 1 2 . 8 feet HYDROLOGIC FORMATION UNIT REMARKS : 11Drilling Method: Pilot boring; 0.0 to 74 feet - mud rotary using 12 174 in. roller cone bit, reamed out with 24 in. bit. 74-606 feet - mud rotary using 12 114 in. lead119 in. reamer bit. 606-1000 feet - reverse air rotary using 9 718 in. roller cone bit. 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O0-gug 5~ 2 g 2 - 0 3 0 2 w t- ?;3 > 0rn zag "e 8x -2 22 :4 g0 -PJg -ze~o+2o 26! : g %ej J3Z%%m z : ,gk-4g4O"3ual.G aag,g .30 I""I""I""~""~ s 0 9 C1 1""1"1' 2 d 5i 9 8 I 8 0 3 t : I 8 I f 7 I 9 4 t 8 I d t I 9 s f I 8 w t 8 3 ?O PZ 9 I - )I3 E'ld 1-BSlABr[\ 3 ELEVATION DEPTH (FEET) (FEET) TEST BORING RECORD DESCRIPTION SYMBOL WELL SERIES HEIGHT OF RISER: 2 . 8 feet DATUM ELEVATION: 1 2 . 8 feet HYDROLOGIC FORMATION UNIT REMARKS: 1) Drilling Method: Pilot boring; 0.0 to 74 feet - mud rotary using 12 114 in. roller c.n.. n.e.h- i-t., reamed out with 24 in. bit. 74-606 feet - mud rotary using 12 114 in. lead119 in. reamer bit. 606-1000 feet - reverse air rotary using 9 718 in. roller cone bit. DRILLED BY SAP LOGGED BY CK CHECKED BY RAS - PAGE 7 OF 13 BORING NUMBER DATE STARTED DATE COMPLETED JOB NUMBER TW-34H504 911 9/01 I I I1 2/01 1 2000-1 -0071 A ENGINEERING AND ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES TEST BORING RECORD ELEVATION DEPTH (FEET) (FEET) DESCRIRION SYMBOL WELL Hard to very hard, white (N 811) and l~ght - - hard, w h x ( 8~11)nd l i ~ g r e e n - g r e y 811) sandy LIMESTONE with abundant very e to granular phoshponte sand. SERIES . .-.-... -. ...--... -.- .--. DATUM ELEVATION: 12.8 feet HYDROLOGIC FORMATION UNIT hard3ght g G - g r a y T ~ ~ (10Y 611-5/1), to white (N OY 7/1), fossiliferous bryozoa, mollusks, coral and some REMARKS : 1) Drilling Method: Pilot boring; 0.0 to 74 feet - mud rotary using 12 174 in. roller cone bit, reamed out with 24 in. bit. 74-606 feet - mud rotary using 12 114 in. lead119 in. reamer bit. 606-1000 feet - reverse air rotary using 9 718 in. roller cone bit. DRILLED BY SAP LOGGED BY CK CHECKED BY RAS PAGE 8 OF 13 BORING NUMBER DATE STARTED DATE COMPLETED JOB NUMBER TW-34H504 9119 / 0 1 II/ I 2/01 12000- 1-007 1 A ENGINEERING AND ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES ELEVATION DEPTH (FEET) (FEET) TEST BORING RECORD DESCRIPTION SYMBOL WELL SERIES HEIGHT OF RISER: 2.8 feet DATUM ELEVATION: 12.8 feet HYDROLOGIC FORMATION UNIT REMARKS: 1) Drilling Method: Pilot boring; 0.0 to 74 feet-mud rotary using 12 114in. roller cone bit, reamed out with 24 in. bit. 74-606 feet-mud rotary using 12 114 in. lead119 in. reamer bit. 606-1000 feet-reverse air rotary using 9 718 in. roller cone bit. DRILLED BY SAP LOGGED BY CK CHECKEDBY RAS BORING NUMBER DATE STARTED DATE COMPLETED JOB NUMBER TW-34H504 9119101 II112/01 12000-1-007 1 ELEVATION DEPTH (FEET) (FEET) TEST BORING RECORD DESCRIPTION SYMBOL WELL and shell casts. SERIES . -. .. -. . .. . DATUM ELEVATION: 12.8 feet HYDROLOGIC FORMATION UNIT t o o d e r G y s o f t y h ~ t e( F Y I ) , t z h t (N 7/1), to green-gray (10Y all), l~ferousLIMESTONE (skeletal wackestone) bryozoa, mollusks, foraminifera, and coral. REMARKS: 1) Drilling Method: Pilot boring; 0.0 to 74 feet-mud rotary using 12 114 in. roller cone bit reamed out wit a 24 in. bit. 74-606 feet-mud rotary using 12 114 in. lead119 in. reamer bit. 606-1000 feet-reverse air rotary using 9 718 in. roller cone bit. DRILLED BY SAP LOGGED BY CK CHECKED BY RAS PAGE 1 0 OF 1 3 BORING NUMBER DATE STARTED DATE COMPLETED JOB NUMBER TW-34H504 911 9 / 0 1 II/ I 2/01 12000- 1-0071 A ENGINEERING AND ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES TEST BORING RECORD HEIGHT OF RISER: 2.8 feet DATUM ELEVATION: 12.8 feet REMARKS : 1) Drilling Method: Pilot boring; 0.0 to 74 feet-mud rotary using 12 114 in. roller cone bit, reamed out with 24 in. bit. 74-606 feet-mud rotary using 12 114 in. lead119 in. reamer bit. 606-1000 feet-reverse air rotary using 9 718 in. roller cone bit. DRILLED BY SAP LOGGED BY CK CHECKED BY RAS BORING NUMBER DATE STARTED DATE COMPLETED JOB NUMBER TW-34H504 911 9/01 I I /I 2/01 1 2000-1-0071 PAGE 1 1 OF 13 TEST BORING RECORD HEIGHT OF RISER: 2.8 feet DATUM ELEVATION: 12.8 feet REMARKS : 1) Drilling Method: Pilot boring; 0.0 to 74 ' feet-mid rotary using 12 114in. roller cone bit, reamed out with 24 in. bit. 74-606 feet-mud rotary using 12 114 in. lead119 in. reamer bit. 606-1000 feet-reverse air rotary using 9 718 in. roller cone bit. DRILLED BY SAP LOGGED BY CK CHECKED BY RAS PAGE 1 2 OF 13 BORING NUMBER DATE STARTED DATE COMPLETED JOB NUMBER TW-34H504 9119 / 0 1 II/ I 2/01 12 0 0 0 -1-007 1 A ENGINEERING AND ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES ELEVATION DEPTH (FEET) (FEET) TEST BORING RECORD DESCRIPTION SYMBOL WELL SERIES HEIGHT OF RISER: 2.8 feet DATUM ELEVATION: 12.8 feet HYDROLOGIC FORMATION UNIT REMARKS : 1) Drilling Method: Pilot boring; 0.0 to 74 feet-mud rotary using 12 114in. roller cone bit, reamed out with 24 in. bit. 74-606 feet-mud rotary using 12 114 in. lead119 in. reamer bit. 606-1000 feet-reverse air rotary using 9 718 in. roller cone bit. DRILLED BY SAP LOGGED BY CK CHECKED BY RAS BORING NUMBER DATE STARTED DATE COMPLETED JOB NUMBER TW-34H504 911 9 / 0 1 I I /I 2/01 12000-1-007 1 LOGGlNO UNiT None ALL SERVICES PROWDEDSUWECiTO STANDARDTERhlSPND CUNO!l8 CALIPER ,lEiT . _ , -200 - - 230 - - - 440 - - -- - -- - : I '30 - -- - - - ~ 40 50 - -- 60 ~ -- 7 0 . - - -- - - - 80 90-~ - --- -- -- -~- - - ~- - , - - --- ,To- -- --- -- 120 --- -- $30 - ~~~ - --- ~~ - '140 ~- -- L~- - -- ~ '50 -~ 160 - -- -- - - 170 180 190 -- -- - -- - -- --- -- ~ ~ ~- - - 200 210 -- -- -- -~- - - 8- ?20 230 -- -- -~ -- -- ~- - ~- - -~ - -- - '240 -250 -- - ~ - - - -- - -- ~ - - 260 -- - - - - 270-- -- -- -- - - - -- i 280 -~ ~-- - .- -- I 90-- ~-- -- ~--- - --I 300- - -~ - - 310 -- - -- 320-- - ~- -- ~- - - 330- - -- -- -- - 340-~ 350 -- - - - - -- -- -- 360 ~- - - -- 370 ---- ~ .- - 380 -- -- 380 - ~ -~ - - 40*--- -- --- - -~ A1 0- - 420 - ~ -- ~~ 1130 440 -- - ~ ~ 4 5 0 ~ -- ~ - ~ 460 - -- -- 470--- ---- 480 -- ~---- :490 500-- -- -- - -. - 510~520~---~ -- -~ ~ 530 540 550~---- -- ~- ~ --- -~- -- -- 580 --- -- 570 - -- -- - -- 580- -- - - -- - -~ - ~ 590 - - - ~ - ~~ ~ 8 6 0 0 _ _- - ---- --~ - - - -- .- -- I- 1- - - --- - - -' AGE - - BRUNSWICK SALT-WATER MONITORING BRUNSWICK, GEORGIA LAW LAWGIBB GROUP MEMBER EXTERIOR VIEW OF TW34H504/505 Project 12000-1-0071 Figure C.2 BRUNSWICK SALT-WATER MONITORING BRUNSWICK, GEORGIA LAW LAWGIBB GROUP MEMBER INSTRUMENTATION OF TW34H504/505 Project 12000-1-0071 Figure C.3 Profiling or long-term deployment Surface or ground water Engineered for dependable performance and durability in the field, Series 4a water quality instruments by Hydrolab can measure up to 15 or more parameters at once. These rugged instnunents offer the highest long-term value, providing you years of reliable water quality data. At t h e h e a r t o f t h e S e r i e s 4a i n s t r u m e n t s is Hydrolab's superior sensor technology. Hydrolab's shuttered turbidity sensor protects the optical lens to prevent fouling, providing you more reliable data. pH and ORP sensors come with a separate reference electrode, refillable in just seconds, saving you time and money. Our dissolved oxygen sensor provides a continuous, steady state stream of data, and our conductivity sensor features graphite electrodes that will not corrode. Plus, only Hydrolab offers a sample circulator. Our high-efficiency sample circulator streams water over the sensors to provide a representative sample and ensure faster, more reliable measurements for all sensors. The three components of Hydrolab's Series 4a product line are the Datasonde 4a, Minisonde 4a, and Surveyor 4a. These rugged instruments come with a two-year warranty, which is extendable by up to three years. Plus, our sensor warranties are the best Series 4a Water Quality i n s t r u m e n t s For over 35 years Hydrolab has been known for manufacturing reliable water quality instruments. The Series 4a continues that tradition with several enhancements that provide you with even greater value. New designs for sensors and circuitry minimize the number of parts, thus maximizing reliability.The advanced, built-in expansion port design gives you greater flexibility. Storing up to 375,000 measurements, the Surveyor 4a data logger and display has a fast ready-time and downloads directly to a PC without additional proprietary sofhvare. DataSonde 4a Seven built-in expansion ports Designed for in-situ and flow-through applications Measures up to 15 or more parameters MiniSonde 4a Four built-in expansion ports 8 1.75" diameter housing - ideal for ground water monitoring, portability, and limited space environments Optional 300-meter depth rating Both units are well suited for profiling and spot-checking applications, and are available with battery packs and memory to use for long-term monitoring. Data can be downloaded to the Surveyor 4a or a portable PC. Surveyor 4a The Surveyor 4a provides data logging and display in a rugged, waterproof (NEMA 6) display case that can be submerged for 30 minutes up to six feet below the surface. Connected to either the DataSonde 4a or MiniSonde 4a, the Surveyor 4a displays water quality parameters in real-time or automatically stores data. The high-resolution screen displays your water quality data in real-time graphical form or tabular format. Barometric pressure and global positioning system (GPS) options are available. Rugged, waterproof (NEMA 6) case with handstrap Downloads data directly to a PC (no proprietary software required) Optional GPS and Barometric Pressure DataSonde 4a and MiniSonde 4a Systems Surveyor 4a Data Display Easy to Use and Maintain Superior Sensor Technology Unsurpassed Reliability Guaranteed After-Sale Support Best Long-Term Value For worry-free water quality data Superior Sensor Technology Advanced design and sensor technology make the Series 4a water quality instruments by Hydrolab the most reliaible in the field. The Series 4a combines watertight, field-replaceablesensors and built-in expansion ports with superior sensor technology to produce instrumer~ ttshat are longer lasting, more reliable, and cheaper and easier to maintain. This means lower operating costs in the long run, and better value for you. Better Sensor Connections The DataSonde 4a and MiniSonde 4a incorporate watertight, field-replaceable sensors. This system, proven during years of field testing, provides the following advantages: Sensor connection is protected from the environment Fewer components for smoother, glitch-free operation Sensors are easily field-replaceable Sensors cannot become loose or trap water or debris Built-in Sensor Expansion Ports The DataSonde 4a comes with seven built-in expansion ports and the MiniSonde 4a comes with four. This extremely flexible system means: No need to plan ahead; add sensors as you need them No need to do wiring or soldering when adding sensors Easily add new sensors as they are developed SUPERIOR SENSORS Hydrolab's DataSonde 4a and MiniSonde 4a feature the best sensors available for water quality applications. Disso 1ve d O X ygen Sensor Hydrolab uses field-provenClark Cell technology. . Provides a continuous steady-statereading. 8 Is low maintenance - easily and affordablycleaned and maintained. No need to reconditionthe sensor. Circulator helps prevent fouling by sweeping foulants off the membrane. Two-year warranty p H Se nS 0 r Hydrolab uses a pH glass sensor and refillable,flowing junction reference electrode or optional low ionic strength reference electrode.. Hydrolab . standard separate reference electrode is more reliable, lasts longer, is easier to maintain, and refills in seconds. Two-year warranty. . 0 RP ens0r Hydrolab uses a flowing-junctionreference electrode. Field. refillable reference electrode. No need to replace both pH/ORP and reference . electrodes when reference runs out. Two-yearwarranty. . . Specific Conductan ce Hydrolab uses the four graphite electrode cell methodology. Graphite electrodeswill not corrode. Open cell design provides more reliable data: 1. Increases sample exchange, 2. Reduces measurement error due to fouling and air bubbles - bubbles rise above electrodes out of the way and . debris and sediment fall below, and 3. Fast and easy to clean without damaging electrodes. Two-yearwarranty. Shuttered TUrbidity Hydrolabprotects the optical lens of the turbidity sensor with a shutter that remains closed until a measurement is made. This prevents fouling of the sensor, and does not wipe debris or sediment across the lens, . preventing damage to the lens. Shuttered (patent pending) technology offers . better protection than wiped technology leading to more reliable data. Turbidity sensor is more accurate across a wide measurement range. Quartz window is . used as opposed to acrylic. Even if dirt does get onto the lens, it will not easily scratch compared to acrylic. Two-year warranty. Ch 1or o phy 11 Hydrolab offers the Turner Designs' SCUFA, designed for the . most accurate in-situ chlorophyll a readings. With a solid secondary standard, it is easy to verify calibration and re-calibrateif necessary One-yearwarranty standard. . De p t h Hydrolab's depth sensor is available on both the DataSonde and MiniSonde up to 200 meters. Two-year warranty. Don't accept sensor warranties of less than two years! OTHER AVAILABLE SENSORS Ambient Light Total Dissolved Gas Transmissivity Ammonium/Ammonia Nitrate Chloride Vented Level TYPICAL PERFORMANCE SPECIFICATIONS Available Instrument Temperature D. M Specific Conductance D,M Range -5 to 5O'C 0 to 100 mS1cm Accuracy Resolution + 0.1OeC n n i Q- r + + 1%of reading 0.001 mYcm 4 digits PH D, M 0 to 14 units t0.2 units 0.01 units Dissolved Oxygen D, M DRP 4M Vented LevelI0 - 10m D,M Depthlo-25m D, M Depth1 0 - 100 m 4M 0to 50 mgll -999 to 999 mV OtolOm Oto25m OtolOOm +t0.2 mg/l<= 20 mgll 0.6 mg/l> 20 mgll * 20 mV + 0.03 m + 0.08 m + 0.3 m 0.01 mgll 1 mV 0.001 m 0.01 m 0.1 m Depth10 - 200 m D, M 0 to 200 m i:0.6 m 0.1 m Salinity D. M Turbidity (Shuttered) D Turbidity D, M Ammonium IAmmonia D, M Nitrate D, M Chloride D, M 0 to 70 ppt i:0.2 ppt 0 to 100or0 to 1000 NTU + 2.6% of range 0 to 100or 0 to 1000NTU + 5% of range 0 to 100 mgll-N + greater of 5% of reading or r 2 mgll-N (typical) 0 to 100 mgll-N + greater of 5% of reading +or 2 mgll-N (typical) + 0.5 to 18,000 mgll greater of 5% of reading +or 2 mgll (typical) 0.01 ppt 0.1 or 1 NTU 0.1 or 1 NTU 0.01 mgll-N 0.01 mgll-N 4 digits Total Dissolved Gas 4M 400 to 1300 mmHg r 0.1% of span (max.immersion depth: 30 m) 0.1 mmHg Transmissivity Ambient Light D 0 -100% 0.2% 0.1% D 0 to 10,000 vmol s-' m' + 5% of reading 1 vmol s' m-' Chlorophyll a D Barometric Pressure 5 Global PositioningSystem S 0to 150pgll 500 to 850 mmHq D= DataSonde4a M = MiniSonde4a S =Surveyor 4a t 10 mmHg 25 m CEP (50%) without SA DGPS - 2 m CEP (50%) 0.1 pgll 0 . 1. m. . . m. .. H. . n INSTRUMENT SPECIFICATIONS Computer Interface:RS-232, RS-485, RS-422, SDI-12 Memory: DataSonde 4a - 120,000 measurements MiniSonde 4a - 120,000 measurements Surveyor 4a - 375,000 measurements Battery Supply: DataSonde4a: 8C"batteries MiniSonde4a: 4 or 8"AA"batteries Surveyor 4a: RechargeableNickel MetalHydride TypicalBatteryliie: DataSonde 4a: 313 days (onehour intervals) MiniSonde4a: internal batterypack: 48 days, 114with extended battery pack Surveyor 4a: 12 -16 hours OperatingTemperature: -5'C to 50C MaximumDepth: DataSonde4a, MiniSonde4a - 225 m Size: DataSonde4a: Outer Diameter- 3.Y18.9 cm, Length- 2Y158.4 cm Weight - 7.4 Ibs13.35 kg MiniSonde4a: Outer Diameter- 1.75"/4.4cm,Length 21"/53.3 cm Weight 2.2 Ibs11.0 kg with batterv pack 24.Y162.2 cm Weiaht 2.5 Ibsll.1 ka with extended banery pack 29.5"/74.; cm Weight 2.9ibsl 1.3 kg Surveyor 4a: 1l"X 4 " X 1.5" (27.9 cm X 10.2 cm X 3.8 cm),Weight: 2 Ibs10.9 kg / TEMPERATURE / CONDUCTIVITY 1 DISSOLVED OXYGEN 1 REBUILDABLE p H I ORP SHUTTEREDTURBIDITY LEVEL & DEPTH LI-[OR@ AMBIENT LIGHT AMMONIUMIAMMONIA / NITRATE CHLORIDE TRANSMlSSlVlTY CHLOROPHYLL GPS BAROMETRIC PRESSURE PUT US TO THE TEST. HYDROLAB CORPORATION 8700 Cameron Road,Suite 100 Austin,Texas 78754 (800) 949-3766 (512) 832-8832 fax (512) 832-8838 www.hydrolab.com The Diver and the CTD-Divereach have a 22mm diameter and can be completely installed within a one-inch borehole. The CTD-Diver is 260 mm in length; the Diver is only 125 mm, making it the smallest instrument in the world for automatic measurement and logging of ground water level and temperature. For long-term reliability,both instruments are completely sealed within a stainless steel (AISI 316-L) housing, making them insensitive to moisture or external electrical or chemical influences. Once installed, the instruments automatically monitor parameters and register these data in the internal memory. The Diver can store 24,000 readings. Over a six-month period, you can execute and store a measurement every ten minutes before memory is full. The CTD-Diverhas a memory capacity for measuring three parameters 16,000 times. The built-in battery has a lifespan of eight to ten years. The specially designed BaroDiver eliminates the need for vented cables. The BaroDiver records atmospheric pressure data, and EnviroMon software automatically calculates adjusted level. Both the Diver and the CTD-Diver are accurate to 0.1% FS for depth and 0.1 degree C for temperature. The CTD-Diver's conductivity sensor is accurate to 1%FS. It can display either conductivity or specific conductance. The fourelectrode conductivity sensor provides accurate, reliable measurements over longer periods of time and requires no special maintenance, only routine cleaning after each monitoring session. Because of their design, the Diver and the CTD-Diverare virtuallv maintenance-free. Thev are easv to install inside a borehole, suspended from a wire. Additionally,these devices can be programmed in seconds, either in the field or in the office, with EnviroMon software. Relevant data can be entered, the sample rate adjusted freely, and readings taken at any time via the optical readout unit that connects the instrument to any portable computer. The data can be presented both graphically and in the form of charts. It is also possible to convert the data directly to spreadsheet files for further processing. +%