AVAILABILITY OF WATER SUPPLIES IN NORTHWEST GEORGIA by Charles W. Cressler, Marvin A. Franklin and Willis G. Hester STATE OF GEORGIA DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES Joe D. Tanner, Commissioner THE GEOLOGIC AND WATER RESOURCES DIVISION Sam M. Pickering, State Geologist and Division Director ATLANTA 1976 PREPARED IN COOPERATION WITH THE U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY IULLITIN 81 For convenience in selecting our reports from your bookshelves, they will be color-keyed across the spine by subject as follows: Red Dk. Purple Maroon Lt. Green Lt. Blue Dk. Green Dk. Blue Olive Yellow Dk. Orange Brown Black Valley & Ridge mapping and structural geology Piedmont & Blue Ridge mapping and struc- tural geology Coastal Plain mapping and stratigraphy Paleontology Coastal Zone studies Geochemical and Geophysical studies Hydrology Economic geology Mining directory Environmental studies Engineering studies Bibliographies and lists of publications Petroleum and natural gas Field trip guidebooks. Colors have been selected at random, and will be augmented as new subjects are published. AVAILABILITY OF WATER SUPPLIES IN NORTHWEST GEORGIA by Charles W. Cressler, Marvin A. Franklin and Willis G. Hester STATE OF GEORGIA DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES Joe D. Tanner, Commissioner THE GEOLOGIC AND WATER RESOURCES DIVISION Sam M. Pickering, State Geologist and Division Director ATLANTA 1976 PREPARED IN COOPERATION WITH THE U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY FACTORS FOR CONVERTING ENGLISH UNITS TO INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM (SI) UNITS The following factors may be used to convert the English units published herein to the International System of Units (SI). Multiply English units Feet (ft) Miles (mi) Square miles (mi2) Gallons (gal) Million gallons (106 gal) Gallons per minute (gal/min) Million gallons per day (Mgal/d) By To obtain SI units .3048 metres (m) 1.609 kilometres (km) 2.590 square kilometres (km2) 3.785 litres (l) 3785 cubic metres (m3) 3.785x1o-3 cubic hectometres (hm3) .06309 .6309 6.309x1o-5 litres per second (1/s) cubic decimetres per second (dm3 /s) cubic metres per second (m3/s) 43.81 .04381 cubic decimetres per second (dm 3 /s) cubic metres per second (m3 /s) ii CONTENTS Abstract . . Introduction Purpose and scope How to use this report . Climate, physiography, and drainage Previous investigations . Acknowledgments Water supplies Wells Springs Streamflow Occurrence of ground water High-yielding wells . . . . Land subsidence and sinkhole formation . Fluctuations in spring flow . Pollution of wells and springs Chemical quality of water Selected References . Appendix Location, quantity, and chemical quality of well, spring, and surface water in the 10-county area of northwest Georgia: Bartow County Catoosa County Chattooga County Dade County Floyd County Gordon County Murray County Polk County Walker County. Whitfield County . Page 1 1 1 1 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 6 6 10 11 12 13 14 24 36 48 57 74 90 100 114 128 lll ILLUSTRATIONS Figure 10 Map showing location of report area 20 Photograph of typical intermittent stream valley 0 30 Graph showing annual variation in spring flow in northwest Georgia 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 40 Map showing location of Dickson Spring in Walker County 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 50 Graph showing discharge from Dickson Spring and rainfall recorded at LaFayette 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 60 l\lap showing principal water-bearing units, location of springs and stream-gaging stations, Bartow County 7-90 Maps showing principal water-bearing units and location of favorable well sites: 7 0 Adairsville and vicinity 80 Peeples Valley area 90 Ladds and vicinity 100 Map showing principal water-bearing units, location of springs and stream-gaging stations, Catoosa County 11-140 Maps showing principal water-bearing units and location of favorable well sites: 110 Fort Oglethorpe and Lakeview area 0 120 Graysville and vicinity 0 0 130 East Boynton and vicinity 140 Ringgold and Shookville area 150 Map showing principal water-bearing units, location of springs and stream-gaging stations, Chattooga County 0 16-200 Maps showing principal water-bearing units and location of favorable well sites: 160 North Trion and vicinity 17 0 South Trion and Pennville area 180 Menlo and vicinity 0 0 0 190 Summerville and vicinity 200 Lyerly and vicinity 0 0 210 Map showing principal water-bearing units, location of springs and stream-gaging stations, Dade County 0 0 0 22-24 Maps showing principal water-bearing units and location of favorable well sites: IV Page 2 5 7 8 9 15 16 17 18 25 26 27 28 29 37 38 39 40 41 42 49 ILLUSTRATIONS-Continued Figure 220 New England and vicinity 230 South Trenton 0 240 Rising Fawn and vicinity 0 250 Map showing principal water-bearing units, location of springs and stream-gaging stations, Floyd County 26-340 Maps showing principal water-bearing units and location of favorable well sites: 260 Crystal Springs and vicinity 270 Armuchee and vicinity 0 280 Shannon and Hermitage area 290 Morrison's Campground and vicinity 300 Northeast Rome and vicinity 31. South Rome and north Lindale area 320 Southeast Lindale and Silver Creek area 330 Reeseburg and vicinity 0 340 Cave Spring and vicinity 350 Map showing principal water-bearing units, location of springs and stream-gaging stations, Gordon County 0 36-430 Maps showing principal water-bearing units and location of favorable well sites: 360 Sugar Valley and vicinity 0 370 North Calhoun and vicinity 0 380 Redbud and vicinity 390 Lilly Pond and vicinity 400 Blackwood and vicinity 41. Farmville and vicinity 420 Fairmount 430 Plainville and vicinity 440 Map showing principal water-bearing units, location of springs and stream-gaging stations, Murray County 0 45--4 70 Maps showing principal water-bearing units and location of favorable well sites: 450 Fashion and vicinity 460 Spring Place and vicinity v Page 50 51 52 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 91 92 93 ILLUSTRATIONS-Continued Figure 4 7. Vicinity of Georgia Highway 225, MurrayGordon County Line . . . . . . . . 48. Map showing principal water-bearing units, location of springs and stream-gaging stations, Polk County . . . 49-55. Maps showing principal water-bearing units and location of favorable well sites: 49. Northwest Cedartown and vicinity 50. Northeast Cedartown and vicinity 51. Southwest Cedartown and vicinity 52. Southeast Cedartown and vicinity 53. Fish Creek and vicinity 54. North Rockmart and Aragon area 55. South Rockmart and Van Wert area 56. Map showing principal water-bearing units, location of springs and stream-gaging stations, Walker County 57-63. Maps showing principal water-bearing units and location of favorable well sites: 57. Flintstone and vicinity 58. South Rossville and Fairview area 59. North Chickamauga and vicinity 60. South Chickamauga and vicinity 61. Kensington and vicinity 62. LaFayette and vicinity. 63. Mount Carmel and vicinity 64. Map showing principal water-bearing units, location of springs and stream-gaging stations, Whitfield County . 65-70. Maps showing principal water-bearing units and location of favorable well sites: 65. Cohutta and vicinity 66. Varnell and vicinity . 67. Tunnel Hill and vicinity 68. Rocky Face and vicinity 69. Dalton and vicinity 70. South Dalton and vicinity vi Page 94 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 TABLES Table 1-5. Bartow County 1. Chemical analyses of well water 2. Minimum measured or estimated flow of springs . 3. Chemical analyses of spring water 4. Summary of stream flows 5. Chemical analyses of streams 6-11. Catoosa County 6. Chemical analyses of well water 7. Minimum measured or estimated flow of springs that discharge more than 0.1 million gallons per day 8. Minimum estimated flow of springs that discharge less than 0.1 million gallons per day 9. Chemical analyses of spring water 10. Summary of stream flows 11. Chemical analyses of streams 12-16. Chattooga County 12. Chemical analyses of well water 13. Minimum measured or estimated flow of springs . 14. Chemical analyses of spring water 15. Summary of stream flows 16. Chemical analyses of streams 17-20. Dade County 17. Chemical analyses of well water 18. Minimum measured or estimated flow of springs . 19. Chemical analyses of spring water 20. Summary of stream flows 21-26. Floyd County 21. Chemical analyses of well water 22. Minimum measured or estimated flow of springs that discharge more than 0.1 million gallons per day . . 23. Minimum measured or estimated flow of springs that discharge less than 0.1 million gallons per day . 24. Chemical analyses of spring water vii Page 19 20 21 22 23 30 31 32 33 34 35 43 44 45 46 47 53 54 55 56 68 69 70 71 TABLES-Continued Table 25. Summary of stream flows 26. Chemical analyses of streams 27-32. Gordon County 27. Chemical analyses of well water 28. Minimum measured or estimated flow of springs that discharge more than 0.1 million gallons per day 29. Minimum measured or estimated flow of springs that discharge less than 0.1 million gallons per day . 30. Chemical analyses of spring water 31. Summary of stream flows 32. Chemical analyses of streams 33-37. Murray County 33. Chemical analyses of well water 34. Minimum measured or estimated flow of springs . 35. Chemical analyses of spring water 36. Summary of stream flows 37. Chemical analyses of streams 38-42. Polk County 38. Chemical analyses of well water 39. Minimum measured or estimated flow of springs. 40. Chemical analyses of spring water 41. Summary of stream flows 42. Chemical analyses of streams 43-47. Walker County 43. Chemical analyses of well water 44. Minimum measured or estimated flow of springs . 45. Chemical analyses of spring water 46. Summary of stream flows 47. Chemical analyses of streams 48-52. Whitfield County 48. Chemical analyses of well water 49. Minimum measured or estimated flow of springs . Vlll Page 72 73 84 85 86 87 88 89 95 96 97 98 99 109 110 111 112 113 123 124 125 126 127 136 137 TABLES-Continued Page Table 50. Chemical analyses of spring water 138 51. Summary of stream flows 139 52. Chemical analyses of streams 140 IX AVAILABILITY OF WATER SUPPLIES IN NORTHWEST GEORGIA By Charles W. Cressler, Marvin A. Franklin, anrl Willis G. Hester ABSTRACT Northv'est Georgia includes 10 counties that lie mainly in the Valley and Ridge Province and partly in the Cumberland Plateau. The most common rocks there are limestone, dolomite, shale, sand stone, mudstone, and chert. The east edge of the area extends into the Blue Ridge and Piedmont Provinces and is underlain by a variety of metasedimentary and igneous rocks. The 10-county area has abundant supplies of both ground water and surface water. All the counties have carbonate aquifers that will supply 25 to 500 gallons per minute to wells less than 350 feet deep. Most of them have aquifers that can yield 100 to 1,000 gallons per minute. Wells in Polk County yield as much as 1,500 gallons per minute. The well water is moderately mineralized and can be used for many purposes without treatment. Springs in each of the 10 counties discharge hundreds of gallons of water per day. Some of the springs discharge more than 5,000 gallons per minute, most of which is unused. The spring water generally is moderately hard to hard and has a low iron concentration. Several industries use the water untreated. Most of the area's towns and industrial centers lie along streams or rivers that have large enough flows to supply future needs. The Dalton area is a major exception; Dalton now pumps 40 million gallons of surface water per day during the average work week. This pumpage is approaching the combined low flows of the Conasauga River, Coahulla Creek, and Mill Creek, as they flow by Dalton. INTRODUCTION The 10 counties that make up northwest Georgia are populous and growing areas (Fig. 1 ). They are all important centers of business, industry, and agriculture. Textiles and carpets are among their leading products. Indeed, Dalton, in Whitfield County, is known as "the carpet capitol of the world." For several years after 1960, northwest Georgia experienced a rapid influx of industry that created an unprecedented demand for water supplies. Con- sequently, new supplies had to be developed. The development and management of ground-water supplies were hampered, however, by a lack of knowledge about the area's ground water resources. To obtain the needed information, the U. S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Earth and Water Division of the Georgia Department of Natural Resources (formerly the Department of Mines, Mining and Geology), made studies of the geology and hydrology of the area. The results of these studies were published in seven reports. Because these seven reports relied heavily on geology as a base for understanding the occurrence of ground water, many people found them difficult to use in locating and developing water supplies. Indeed, experience has now shown that most persons responsible for developing municipal or industrial ground-water supplies in the area of northwest Georgia have limited understanding of technical geologic reports. Therefore, in the present report the use of geologic terms has been kept to a minimum. If detailed geologic data are required, the reader is referred to geohydrologic reports listed in references and in the section dealing with previous investigations. PURPOSE AND SCOPE The purpose of this report is to indicate the quantity and chemical quality of the water that is available from wells, springs, and streams in northwest Georgia. To do this, the report gives: (1) the general availability of well water in each county by delineating the aquifers according to their potential yield, (2) the location and rate of flow of the springs in each county and the chemical quality of the water from representative springs, (3) the average and the 7-day, 10-year minimum flows for 98 stream sites across the area, and (4) detailed maps of the important aquifers for each population center and area of industrial growth, showing drilling sites where geologic, topographic, and hydrologic conditions indicate high-yielding wells that probably can be developed. HOW TO USE THIS REPORT The report is divided into two main parts. The first part contains general hydrologic information 1 85 r - - - - - r - -TrEN-N-ES-SE-E- I '\DADE/ . I leA TOOSA { Ll J' '\ i L_F" \ ~/ 3-~~- ~ ) ' WALKER ~-HIT --, IELD t' '-.',./ .';.. -------,!-! - ~-~! ~ i \CHATTO OGA / .. , ! ~ G0 RD0 N i ~ \ /,_.,./_f (__ I ___ _r-~ . , r- __j \ FLOYD i r ~I BARTOW I > ,. I L--r-~- j I 34 P0 LK - - - - - - - - JI I' I I I 10 0 10 I I I 20 MILES I 10 20 KILOMETRES -------;/ ( '-\ I I \ I I \ \'' > ( ''\ --'\_ '\. GEORGIA ''1, I ~ \ __ ) \ \'-------------u:r-- Figure 1.-Location of report area. 2 that applies to all of northwest Georgia. It includes such topics as: (1) occurrence of ground water, (2) chemical quality of water, (3) fluctuations of spring flow, (4) pollution of wells and springs, (5) land subsidence and sinkhole formation, and (6) high-yielding wells. The second part of the report deals individually with the 10 counties that make up northwest Georgia, arranged alphabetically. Tables and maps in this part give the quantity and chemical quality of water that is available from wells, springs, and surface streams in each county. Persons desiring detailed information about a particular county will find it in the second part of the report. CLIMATE, PHYSIOGRAPHY, AND DRAINAGE The report area has a mild climate, with a frostfree season of about 190 days. The average annual precipitation is about 54 inches, including a small amount of snow. Rainfall is heaviest in winter and mid-summer and lightest in autumn. Most of the report area lies within the Valley and Ridge Province. The terrain consists of northeast-trending parallel valleys separated by ridges. The valleys are between 600 and 900 feet above sea level. The highest ridges rise to an altitude of about 1,600 feet. Dade County and parts of Walker and Chattooga Counties lie in the Cumberland Plateau Province. This is a large tableland of nearly flat-lying rocks, having an altitude of more than 2,000 feet. Occasionally, where a stream has eroded through the rocks, a deep flat valley stretches for miles in a northeast-southwest direction. The valley floors are about 1,200 feet below the top of the plateau. Eastern Murray County extends across the Great Smoky Fault into the Blue Ridge Province. The area is dominated by rugged mountain peaks that rise about 3,000 feet above sea level and stand 2,000 feet above the adjacent Valley and Ridge Province. Eastern Gordon County and eastern and southern Bartow County lie in the Piedmont Physiographic Province. This area is an irregular and deeply dissected upland characterized by rounded interstream areas that range from 1,000 to 1,500 feet above sea level. The report area is drained by two river systems. The northwestern part is drained by the Tennessee River and its tributaries. The rest of the area is drained by the Coosa River system, which includes the Etowah, Oostanaula, Coosawattee, and Conasauga Rivers. During dry weather, the base flow of the area's streams is maintained by ground-water discharge and by springs. Many of the streams are actively down-cutting and have erosional flood plains where bedrock is covered by only a few feet of alluvium. PREVIOUS INVESTIGATIONS A variety of reports dealing with the hydrology and geology of northwest Georgia have been published since 1890. The most recent reports about the counties are: Bartow (Croft, 1963), Catoosa (Cressler, 1963), Chattooga (Cressler, 1964a), Dade (Croft, 1964), Floyd and Polk (Cressler, 1970), Gordon, Whitfield, and Murray (Cressler, 1974), and Walker (Cressler, 1964b). These reports are listed in the references along with publications of the U. S. Geological Survey, which contain basic data about streamflow characteristics and waterquality parameters. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The writers are indebted to many people who helped gather information for this report, especially Mr. Harry E. Blanchard. Particular recognition is due John Fernstrom, Environmental Protection Division, Georgia Department of Natural Resources, who provided equipment and instructions needed for the bacteriological sampling of spring water and the subsequent analyses. Mr. Herb Barnum provided flow data on Dickson Spring in Walker County and information on several wells. The project was conducted in cooperation with the Georgia Department of Natural Resources, Earth and Water Division. WATER SUPPLIES Water supplies in northwest Georgia can be divided into two main categories: (1) ground water derived from wells and springs, and (2) surface water obtained from streams and surface reservoirs. Ground-water and surface-water supplies are widely used in northwest Georgia and have a large potential for additional development. WELLS Ground water is used by most of the rural residents and by many municipalities throughout northwest Georgia. Rural residents in every county depend on well water for domestic and farm supplies. Good quality well water can be obtained 3 nearly everywhere and the availability of these supplies has fostered the agricultural development of the area. Well supplies are used by industries in all 10 northwest Georgia counties. The wells yield from 100 to 3,500 gal/min (gallons per minute). l\1any industries use wells because they offer the most economical source of water, provide water of constant temperature and chemical quality, and offer freedom from the location limitations of springs and streams. SPRINGS Springs provide the largest single source of ground water in northwest Georgia. Many springs discharge between 200 and 5,000 gal/min and are used by a number of large industries and by several municipal and county water systems. Springs supply part or all of the water distrilmted by the cities of Cedartown, LaFayette, Chickamauga, Adairsville, Cave Springs, Chatsworth, Kensington, and Summerville. Spring water offers the advantages of being readily available, inexpensive to develop, and fairly constant in temperature and chemical quality. Most of the springs being used for water supply have a dependable flow and rarely become turbid enough to require filtration. The large unused springs in the area represent a valuable undeveloped resource. STREAMFLOW The U. S. Geological Survey has systematically collected streamflow data in the 10-county area, including low-flow measurements on many of the streams. These data have been analyzed to determine the 7-day, 10-year minimum flow, which is defined as the annual minimum average flow for 7 consecutive days with a recurrence interval of 10 years. For streamflow stations in the Tennessee Valley, low-flow data were furnished by the Tennessee Valley Authority. For each surface-water site the following information is given in the appendix: (1) the drainage area tributary to the site, (2) the long-term average flow, in million gallons per day (Mgal/d), and (3) the 7-day, 10-year minimum flow, in Mgal/d. OCCURRENCE OF GROUND WATER Ground water in northwest Georgia occupies joints, fractures, and solution openings in bedrock and pore spaces in the overlying soil. Water enters these underground openings by seeping through the soil or by flowing directly into cracks in exposed bedrock. The source of this water is precipitation that falls in the general area and not in some distant place. The quantity of water that any rock unit can store and release to wells and springs is limited by the capacity of its fracture systems and by the extent to which the fractures are interconnected. The capacity and interconnection of fractures vary greatly according to the type of rock. Fractures in soft rock, such as shale, tend to be tight and have small capacity. For this reason, shale generally yields less than 10 gal/min to wells. On the other hand, joints in brittle rocks, such as sandstone, remain open. As a result, sandstone may yield 20, 50, or rarely 200 gal/min to wells. Still larger and more extensive fracture systems are found in carbonate rocks, which include limestone and dolomite. Because carbonate rocks are soluble, their fracture systems have commonly been greatly enlarged by solution, and are therefore capable of transmitting large quantities of water. Wells in carbonate rocks yield as much as 3,500 gal/min; some springs discharge more than 5,000 gal/min. Carbonates are the most productive aquifers in northwest Georgia. The capacity and the amount of interconnection of rock fractures also varies with the depth below land surface: fractures generally become fewer, smaller, and more poorly connected as the depth increases. Although a few sizeable openings are known to extend deeper, most of the water-bearing fractures in carbonate rocks occur at depths less than 350 feet. In other kinds of rock, they generally occur at depths less than 250 feet. Therefore, when drilling for water it seldom is worthwhile to go deeper than 350 feet in limestone and dolomite, or more than 250 feet in other kinds of rock. If a well has not produced the desired yield by the time it is drilled to these depths, it generally is best to try a new location. In moving to a new location, one should keep in mind that the availability of water in any type of rock also depends, to a large extent, on the local topography. Wells in broad, low areas and on gentle slopes normally yield more water than ones on hilltops, steep slopes, or in "V"-shaped valleys. The reason for this is that low and gently sloping areas are covered by thick permeable soil, which is capable of storing a much larger volume of water than can be held in the rock openings alone. Water in the soil is available to drain into the underlying fractures and sustain large yields to wells. HIGH-YIELDING WELLS High-yielding wells, ones that supply 100 to 3,500 gal/min, can be developed only where 4 Figure 2.-- Typical intermittent stream valley. 5 ground water occurs in unusual concentrations. This happens locally where aquifers develop greater than average storage capacity. Zones of large storage capacity are produced in sandstone, quartzite, and other brittle rocks by faulting, by the development of zones of closely spaced fractures, and by deep weathering. These fa,vorable zones may be indicated by natural surface features such as straight stream segments, straight valley segments, abrupt changes in valley alignment, and gulley development. Yields of 100 to 200 gal/min may be obtained by drilling into favorable zones in brittle rock. The largest concentrations of ground water are found in carbonate rocks (limestone and dolomite). Reservoir zones in these rocks carry large volumes of water and can yield 300 to 3,500 gal/ min to wells. Such large concentrations of ground water are possible because carbonate rocks have numerous, well-interconnected joints, many of which are open and admit water. Because carbonates are soluble, water moving through these joints enlarges them by solution to produce larger and larger openings that ultimately expand into a master conduit or cavern. It is these master conduits that yield large volumes of water to wells. Studies have shown that zones of closely spaced fractures tend to localize the development of valleys. This localization is especially pronounced in carbonate rocks, but it also occurs in other types of rock. The greatest amount of rock weathering takes place along these zones of high capacity, because they carry the greatest quantities of moving ground water. This weathering, coupled with the erosive action of surface water, localizes the valley over the fractured zone. High-yielding wells can best be obtained by drilling into the floors of valleys developed over a fractured zone (Parizek, 1971, pp. 28-56). In northwest Georgia, valley localization by solution along fractured zones is the most common in limestone and dolomite rocks that are covered by a thick, cherty residual soil. The valleys are typically well rounded, and the streamflow is intermittent (Fig. 2). Most of the rainfall in these valleys and their drainage basins is quickly absorbed by the residual soil, enters a ground-water conduit, and travels beneath the stream bed. Many such sites are shown on the maps in the second part of this report. LAND SUBSIDENCE AND SINKHOLE FORMATION The major underground reservoirs or aquifers in northwest Georgia are found in limestone and do- lomite, blanketed by a thick layer of residual soil. The top of the carbonate aquifer is highly irregular, particularly where the relief favors deep weathering. Solution by ground water produces cavities in the bedrock and some of these have thin roofs. Many of these cavities are below the water table and their roofs are partially supported by the ground water. Any decline in the water table that removes this support can result in an immediate collapse. A lowering of the water table also can cause a general downward migration of soil through openings in the underlying carbonate rocks, leaving a dome-shaped cavity between the bedrock and the land surface. Enlargement of this cavity by the continued loss of soil will result in the eventual collapse of the surface and the formation of a sinkhole. The possibility of creating conditions that will lead to ground collapse must be considered in the development of ground-water supplies. Land subsidence may result where large quantities of sediment or rock fragments are removed from wateryielding formations during drilling, well development, and production pumping. This is most likely to occur where: (1) the water table stands within the residual soil, or near the top of highly weathered bedrock, (2) well casing does not extend deep enough into the top of the bedrock, (3) large volumes of water are reached at shallow depths, and the surging action produced by the drilling is violent, and (4) pumping rates during construction and testing are measured in hundreds of gallons per minute. Collapse resulting from drilling is more common where the water table stands in residual soils (Parizek, 1971, (p. 141-142). FLUCTUATIONS IN SPRING FLOW Springs in northwest Georgia do not flow at a constant rate, but fluctuate throughout the year in response to seasonal variations in precipitation. Most springs reach a period of maximum discharge sometime during the winter or early spring and decline steadily to a period of minimum flow that generally occurs in autumn. Depending on the individual spring, the minimum annual flow may be 20 to 90 percent less than the maximum flow. Because a spring's discharge may decrease drastically during the low-flow period, a potential user needs to know its minimum annual flow in order to determine if it will meet his needs. Discharge measurements (or estimates) for most springs in the 10-county area are given in the second part of this report. ::"Jearly all of these measurements were made in late summer or autumn, so the smallest amount listed for a spring generally will be an approximation of its minimum annual flow. However, where the smallest flow listed is 6 \ \\ c 9 \ \ \ \ \ g>- \ \ 0::: aLL..J z 0 _J _J , I- lwl. Iu 0 > 0 z u w 0 (/") Figure 3.-Annual variation in spring flow in northwest Georgia. Notice how the lowest flow of seven of the springs occurs in October or November. 7 85"22'30" Bose from U.S. Geologico I Survey Estelle, 1946 I 0 E~:3:::::JH=C:::EE3::3=:EE3:3:::::JE'I=r::::O:i::==========::jl Kl LOMETRE CONTOUR INTERVAL 20 FEET DATUM IS MEAN SEA LEVEL I MILE Figure 4.-Location of Dickson Spring in Walker County. 8 8 a:: I w a_ (/) Precipitation\ z 0 _J _J <( (.!) z 0 _J _J :::?! z ~~ 0 _J LL. z ~ IwIl a:: ~ a:: ll. ""') iJ... ::::E ~ z w ::::> ""') 1971 5: ew n 1u-0 > 0 z 10 (/) w I (.) 8~ z z 6Q I- <( I- 4~ (.) w 0:: a_ 2 0 z ~ wIIl a:: ~ a:: ll. ""') iJ... ::::E ~ 1972 Figure 5.-Discharge from Dickson Spring and rainfall recorded at Lafayette. 9 nearly the same size as that required by a user, additional measurements should be made to insure that the supply will remain adequate all year. Measurements conducted bi-weekly, from the first of August through December, will either indicate the low flow for that year or show that it occurred earlier and would have to be determined the following year. Some variation in low flow can be expected from year to year, but the amount of variation generally will be small unless rainfall is much heavier or lighter than normal. Routine measurements conducted over a period of years indicate that the annual low-flow period of some springs comes much earlier than for others. Figure 3 shows a plot of discharge measurements for nine of the area's major springs. All but two of the springs are at low flow during late October or early November. Springs "C" and "G", on the other hand, experience low flow much earlier. Indeed, spring "C" has a low-flow period that begins in June and continues into September. Consequently, before any spring is developed as a water supply where the minimum flow will be critical, it may be advisable to measure its discharge biweekly from the first of May through December. This should accurately determine the low-flow period of any spring and indicate its true minimum annual flow. Then, by allowing for further reduction in flow that may result from periods of prolonged drought, a user can assure himself that the supply will be dependable. The time of the year that a spring experiences low flow, and the duration of its low-flow period, is largely determined by the character and thickness of the soil layer that overlies the spring's source. In general, the thicker the soil over an aquifer, the longer it takes for changes in precipitation to be reflected by changes in spring discharge. The lag time between an increase or decrease in precipitation and the corresponding change in spring flow may be as long as several months or as short as a few hours. Springs that are affected very slowly by changes in precipitation have relatively smooth flow cycles, fluctuate comparatively little throughout the year, and experience low flow in October or November. Most of the springs in Figure 3 fit this category. Ones that are affected rapidly by changes in precipitation have flow cycles that correspond more closely to the precipitation cycle: discharge is heavy during times of abundant rainfall and declines markedly when rainfall is light. Spring "C", Dickson Spring in Figure 3, is a good example of a spring whose flow cycle corresponds closely to the precipitation cycle, probably the result of its being in an unusual geologic setting. Dickson Spring is located in a limestone aquifer at the base of Pigeon Mountain in Walker County (Fig. 4). Limestone that supplies the spring is overlain by a thin permeable soil and by an alluvial fan. Recharge to the aquifer comes largely from surface water that flows from Pigeon Mountain, down McWhorter and Dickson Gulfs, and empties onto the alluvial fan. Stream water enters the fan, seeps into the underlying limestone, and follows solution openings southward along the strike to the spring. Thus, discharge from Dickson Spring is closely related to the quantity of surface water that flows off Pigeon Mountain, hence to the precipitation cycle. Figure 5 compares discharge from Dickson Spring for 1971 and part of 1972 with a bar graph of precipitation for the same period at LaFayette, about 6 miles to the northeast. The highest discharge occurs during the winter, when rainfall is abundant and the loss of water by evaporation and transpiration is low. With the decrease of rainfall during April and the increase in evaporation and transpiration, the spring flow diminishes and declines to a low-flow period that begins in June. The flow remains low until October, when plant die-off reduces transpiration and streamflow resumes. Thus, the annual flow cycle of Dickson Spring seems to correspond closely to both the precipitation and the plant cycles. Cohutta Fish Hatchery Spring, in Whitfield County, is an example of a spring that reacts slowly to deficient rainfall. (See Figure 3.) In the sum mer of 1969, discharge of the hatchery spring dropped nearly 50 percent below normal for that time of year. Officials at the hatchery thought the spring had become plugged and proposed cleaning it out. Rainfall records showed, however, that rainfall for the previous year was about 8 inches below normal in the vicinity of the spring. A reduction in spring flow did not become noticeable until the following summer because of the lag time produced by the thick residual soil that overlies the spring's source. With the resumption of normal rainfall, the spring returned to its regular flow sometime during the following year. POLLUTION OF WELLS AND SPRINGS The ground-water reservoir throughout most of the report area is protected from pollution by a soil cover that filters out bacteria and other contaminants. Ground-water pollution rarely is reported where the soil remains undisturbed. Unless pollutants gain access to the ground through a natural breach, such as a sinkhole or joints in the exposed bedrock, pollution is nearly always associated with activities of man that disturb the protective soil cover. 10 In areas where the soil layer is very thin, septic tanks may be a common source of ground-water pollution, because construction necessitates placing the field lines on or very near bedrock. Under these conditions, bacteria can pass unfiltered into bedrock channels where they may travel hundreds of feet to a well or spring. In carbonate rocks, they can be swept along by fast-moving water and appear several thousand feet away. Roe's Spring, in Gordon County, is an example of pollution that may have been carried a long distance. The only potential source of pollution that could be identified during a field investigation was a septic tank more than a quarter of a mile away. Although the spring water has a reputation for being good to drink, tests conducted by the Laboratory Services Section, Environmental Protection Division, Georgia Department of Natural Resources, showed it to be excessively polluted. The bacteria content of the water was so high that health department regulations would not permit its use as a public supply without the same treatment required for surface water (Cressler, 1974). Tests made by the Laboratory Services Section show that spring pollution is widespread in northwest Georgia. All pool springs should be considered polluted, because they are favorite drinking areas for livestock. Chandler Spring in Walker County and Deep Spring in Whitfield County are examples of polluted pool springs. In general, springs that issue from rock fractures, seep through gravel, or flow from caves are the least likely to contain dangerous bacteria. Since springs are subject to being polluted, they should be tested before use and periodically retested. (See the County Health Department for information.) Spring water that for years has been safe to drink may unexpectedly become polluted when cattle, septic tanks, or other sources of contamination are located upgradient from them. Although it is not generally recognized, well pollution is more common than spring pollution. A large number of wells are polluted because they are located too close to septic tanks, barnyards, hog lots, and chicken houses. Faulty well construction and deterioration of plumbing are other causes of well pollution. A study of domestic water supplies in Bartow County showed that of 194 private water supplies sampled, 50.5 percent were polluted (Davis and Stephenson, 1970). In other counties, a similar high percentage of wells probably is polluted. Pollution is widespread, partly because it is general practice to locate wells for convenience and economy rather than for safety of the water supply. Wells are commonly placed as close as possible to houses or barns without regard to the proximity of septic tanks or other potential sources of pollutants. Many wells located in this manner eventually become polluted. The safest drilling sites generally are ones located as far as practicable uphill from sources of contamination. In most of the area, because the rocks trend in a north-south direction, it is also best to place a well east or west of such sources. Sealing wells against the entry of surface water and fitting pump caps tightly to keep out insects, rodents, and other impurities are efficient safety measures. A fairly standard practice in the area is to sterilize a well as soon as it is completed and test it for bacterial contamination. Nearly all new wells are found to be safe. The danger of pollution, however, is greater after the well has been used for a while, because lowering of the water table by pumping may eventually draw septic-tank effluent or other contaminants to the well. Furthermore, lowering of the water table in limestone terrane may cause sinkholes to form, thereby allowing surface water to reach the ground-water reservoir. Some sinks begin as holes so small they go unnoticed. A sink of this kind developing in a barnyard can quickly contaminate a water supply. Periodic testing is the best means of assuring that well water remains safe. CHEMICAL QUALITY OF WATER Ground water in northwest Georgia is generally of good chemical quality. It is only moderately mineralized and can be used for most purposes without treatment. A few domestic and farm wells yield mineralized water that needs treatment to improve its taste, but most water is safe to drink untreated. The mineral content of well water rarely exceeds the drinking water standards set by the Public Health Service (1962). The reader is referred to the second part of this report for further data on water quality. Chemical analyses of spring water and well water are given for the most important aquifers in each county. Chemical analyses of water from some of the streams in the study area are also included. It must be stressed that these analyses represent the quality of the stream only at the time and place the sample was taken. It is suggested that the reader refer to the U. S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper Series and the Water Resources Data for Georgia, 1968 through 1973, for more analyses. 11 SELECTED REFERENCES Butts, Charles, 1948, Geology of the Paleozoic area in northwest Georgia, in Geology and mineral resources of the Paleozoic area in northwest Georgia: Georgia Geol. Survey Bull. 54, p. 3-79. Carter, R. F., and Gannon, W. B., 1962, Surfacewater resources of the Yellow River basin in Gwinnett County, Georgia: U. S. Geol. Survey Inf. Circ. 22, 34 p. Cressler, C. W., 1963, Geology and ground-water resources of Catoosa County, Georgia: Georgia Geol. Survey Inf. Circ. 28, 19 p. _ 1964a, Geology and ground-water resources of the Paleozoic rock area, Chattooga County, Georgia: Georgia Geol. Survey Inf. Circ. 27, 14 p. _1964b, Geology and ground-water resources of Walker County, Georgia: Georgia Geol. Survey Inf. Circ. 29, 15 p. _1970, Geology and ground-water resources of Floyd and Polk Counties, Georgia: Georgia Geol. Survey lnf. Circ. 39, 95 p. _ 1974, Geology and ground-water resources of Gordon, Whitfield, and Murray Counties, Georgia: Georgia Geol. Survey Inf. Circ. 47, 56 p. Croft, M. G., 1963, Geology and ground-water resources of Bartow County, Georgia: U. S. Geol. Survey Water-Supply Paper 1619-FF, 32 p. __ 1964, Geology and ground-water resources of Dade County, Georgia: Georgia Geol. Survey Inf. Circ. 26, 17 p. Davis, Barry, and Stephenson, R. A., 1970, Contamination of the rural domestic water supply in Bartow County, Georgia (abs.): Georgia Acad. Sci. Bull., v. 28, no. 2, p. 20. Parizek, R. R., 1971, Hydrogeologic framework of folded and faulted carbonates, in Geol. Soc. America Guidebook, p. 9-56 __ 1971, Land use problems in carbonate terranes, in Geol. Soc. America Guidebook, p. 135-142. Rohne, P. B., Jr., 1972, Low-flow characteristics of Indiana streams: U. S. Geol. Survey open-file report, 322 p. Thomson, M. T., and Carter, R. F., 1963, Effect of a severe drought (1954) on streamflow in Georgia: Georgia Geol. Survey Bull. 73, 97 p. U. S. Public Health Service, 1962, Drinking-water standards: U. S. Public Health Service Pub. 956, 61 p. 12 APPENDIX LOCATION, QUANTITY, AND CHEMICAL QUALITY OF WELL, SPRING, AND SURFACE WATER IN THE 10-COUNTY AREA OF NORTHWEST GEORGIA The 10-county area has abundant supplies of ground water and surface water. All the counties have carbonate aquifers that will supply 25 to 500 gal/min to wells generally less than 350 feet deep, but occasionally as much as 500 feet deep. Drilling deeper than 350 feet in limestone or dolomite, or more than 250 feet in other kinds of rock, is seldom successful. Most of the counties have aquifers that can yield 100 to 1,000 gal/min. The well water is only moderately mineralized and can be used for most purposes without treatment. Springs in each of the 10 counties discharge hundreds of gallons of water per day. A few of the springs flow more than 5,000 gal/min. Most of the springs are unused. The natural quality of the spring water is moderately hard to hard and has a low iron concentration. Most of the area's towns and industrial centers lie along streams or rivers that carry large quanti- ties of water. Streamflows are generally sufficient to supply the needs of the immediate future. This part of the report contains information about the quantity and chemical quality of available water and gives the locations of wells, springs, and streams in northwest Georgia. The principal water-bearing rock units in the 10-county area are designated on the maps that follow by the letters A through H. Criteria used for this designation are the range of yields normally obtained from wells and the yields that can be expected from favorable well sites. The locations of springs and stream-gaging stations are shown on individual county maps. The springs are numbered sequentially in each county, and the same numbers are used on the spring tables. The springs also are coded on the county maps to indicate what percentage of their water is being used. The stream-gaging stations are numbered sequentially and are identified as either low-flow partial-record or continuous-record stations. These same numbers are used in the stream tables, which give the drainage area, the average flow, and the 7day, 10-year minimum flow for each site. Water-quality data for wells, springs, and streams in each county are presented in tabular form. This information is intended to show the general water quality available from the principal water-bearing units and the springs. The analyses of stream samples reflect the general water quality at the time of sampling. 13 EXPLANATION BARTOW COUNTY MAPS PRINCIPAL WATER-BEARING UNITS w.... Yields generally range from 5 to 50 gal/min. Yields as large as 1,000 gal/min may be obtained at favorable sites. Aquifer is dolomite and limestone. Water quality generally meets drinking-water standards and is suitable for many industrial uses. Yields generally range from 0 to 20 gal/min. Yields as large as 50 gal/min may be obtained at favorable sites. Aquifers include shale, limestone, sandstone, slate, and dolomite. Water quality generally meets drinking-water standards, although some constituents may approach upper limits. Iron content is excessive in some areas. Yields generally are less than 20 gal/min; a few exceed 50 gal/min. Yields as large as 300 gal/min may be obtained at favorable sites. Aquifer is limestone or dolomite units interlayered with shale units. Water quality generally meets drinking-water standards, although some contains excessive iron. Yields generally range from 50 to 200 gal/min. Yields as large as 3,500 gal/min may be obtained at favorable sites. Aquifer is dolomite, probably containing thin units of shale. Water quality generally meets drinking-water standards and is suitable for many industrial uses. Some water contains sediment and does not clear after prolonged pumping. Yields generally range from 2 to 30 gal/min. Yields of 50 to 200 gal/min may be obtained from favorable sites in brittle rock. Aquifers include quartzite, phyllite, slate, granite, and other metamorphic and igneous rocks. Water quality generally meets drinking-water standards except for water from phyllite and slate, which commonly contains excessive iron and manganese. FAVORABLE WELL SITES-number indicates expected yield in gal/min 1 As much as 50 3 As much as 1,000 -o 1 10 ""C> 19 "1 SPRINGS-number refers to tables 2 and 3 Unused At least half of flow unused Entire flow in use GAGING STATIONS-number refers to tables 4 and 5 Low-flow partial record Continuous record 14 s.. Bose from U.S. Geological vey 5 0 Rome, 1956 5 0 5 5 10 10 MILES Hydrology by C.W. Cressler, 1973 15 KILOMETRES Figure 6.-Principal water-bearing units and location of springs and stream-gaging stations, Bartow County. For Explanation see page 14. 15 Hydrology by C.W. Cressler, 1973 0 HHHHHI 2 MILES 0 HHHRRI CONTOUR INTERVAL 20 FEET DATUM IS MEAN SEA LEVEL 2 KILOMETRES I Figure 7.- Principal water-bearing units and location of favorable well sites, Adairsville and vicinity, Bartow County. For Explanation see page 14. 16 D Bose from U.S.Geologicol Survey Hydrology by C.W.Cressler, 1973 Cartersville, 1972 O EES3==~~ES3==3C==EE-3==~~E-3===c==~E?3==~==1C===============================~:MILE EE33:::EE33:::EE33::::IE3::::3::::IE3::::::I::::iO=========:=JI Kl LOMETRE CONTOUR INTERVAL 20 FEET DATUM IS MEAN SEA LEVEL Figure 8.- Principal water-bearing unit and location of favorable well sites, Peeples Valley area, Bartow County. For Explanation see page 14. 17 Bose from U.S.Geologicol Survey Hydrology by C.W.Cressler,l973 Cartersville, 1972 .IE:::::::::r==:E:::::::r=:::::E===:ic:=::::E::::::C=:::E=::r:::::::5.0=======================~1 MILE E~~:EE3:::r::::::::EE3:::3:::::JE3==r:::::JE3::::3:::J?:::::============::::J: KILOMETRE CONTOUR INTERVAL 20 FEET DATUM IS MEAN SEA LEVEL Figure 9.- Principal water-bearing units and location of favorable well sites, Ladds and vicinity, Bartow County. For Explanation see page 14. 18 Owner Date Water- of bearing collection unit3 u.s. PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE (1962) DRINKING-WATER STA.'lDARDS Bartow Consolidated School (Taylorsville) 3-21-47 A Joe Brandon 3-21-47 Buford Kay 12-31-59 J. E. King 1- 4-60 City of Kingston 9-22-52 Dolph Nelson 1- 4-60 J. H. Pickelsim~r 3-27-48 c. c. Strain 1- 5-60 C:i ty of Taylorsville 1- 4-60 Rubberoid Co. :1. c. \.Jat ts 3-19-47 c 12-31-59 Good:-' ear Clearwater ::ill 9-22-52 D Do. 9-22-52 Visking Co. Do. 12-22-59 F -- Thompson \.~einman Co. 12-30-59 City of Emerson Hoyt Green L. ;-.J. Jenkins Do. r ,\. Jenkins Frank ~cEver Red Top Nountain State Park Otto Tmvnsend Effie l\1h i te 9-22-52 G 12-30-59 3- 2-50 5- -54 12-30-59 12-30-59 9-30-58 12-31-59 12-30-59 Table I.--Chemical analyses 1 of well water, Bartow County. Milligrams per litre .(",) '0~N rl ., ., t/) 0"~:~: s ~ .,~ "''o0 z t/)~ 0 3 125 .s~, "'""'' ..,~ 0:.: o..~ .<.l,J "0" .0 ~ ).< ~ (") '0u .-<"' "'~ .<.l,J .."... '~.;- rlO ~ t/) til~ 250 ~: s . ~ ,.,~ "0 0 z"" (/)~ s ~ ~ .""".."''. ~ 0 ~ "'~ 125 14 0.1 12 0.6 - ~ "0"' .a~ H ~ .S"" tll~N ::c "' ... 0 .-< u 0 250 1.0 45 500 2 - 0.5 112 - 134 - - 15 7.7 - 1.0 - 1.4 124 - 110 - - 3 - - 207 - - -- 6 - - 150 - - - - 1.0 0.3 . 5 150 - 132 - - 8.2 7.1 - 8.0 - 7. 7 - 2.6 - 6 126 - 117 - - -- Analyses by U.S. Geological Survey. Water having a CaC0 3 hardness of 0 to 60 mg/1 is classified, "soft"; 61 to 120 mg/1, "moderately hard"; 121 to 180 mg/1, "hard"; and more than 18] mg/1, "very hard". Water was sampled from springs that discharge from water-bearing units shown in figure 6. Analyses by Georgia Dept. of Natural Resources. Data from Croft (1963) Table 4.--Summary of streamflows, Bartow County. Site no. Stream name 1 Pine Log Creek 2 Little Pine Log Creek 3 Rock Creek 4 Oothkalooga Creek Gage type PR Location Lat 3422', long 8443', at u.s. Highway 411, 2 miles northeast of Pine Log. M Lat 3421', long 8445', at Ga. Highway 140, 1.2 miles west of Pine Log. c Lat 3422'' long 8447'' at Ga. Highway 140, 2.9 miles northwest of Pine Log. M Lat 34 22 long 8457'' at Old Ga. Highway 140, at Adairsville. Drainage area (sq mi) 24.2 Estimated average flow (Mgal/d) 21 Estimated 7-day, 10-year minimum flow (Mgal/d) 3.3 Water use (1970) (Mgal/d) 11.1 9.7 .6 5.61 4.3a .3a 15 14 3.9 5 Toms Creek 6 Two Run Creek 7 Two Run Creek 8 Etowah River 9 Nancy Creek 10 Pettit Creek 11 Etowah River 12 Euharlee Creek 13 Raccoon Creek 14 Euharlee Creek M Lat 3415'' long 8501', at Ga. 17 Highway 20, 4 miles west of Kingston. M Lat 3415', long 8453', at Ga. Highway 20, 3 miles east of Kingston. 32.0 M Lat 3413', long 8458', at county road, 2 miles southwest of Kingston. 50.0 c Lat 3412'' long 84 59.' at U.S. Highway 411, 2.6 miles southeast of Kingston. 1,630 M Lat 3411', long 8450', at county road, 2.2 miles northwest of Cartersville. 10.9 PR Lat 34 11.' long 8449'' at Ga. Highway 293, 1.2 miles northeast of Cartersville. 37.8 c Lat 3410'' long 84 o 44' , 3 miles east of Cartersville. 1,110 M Lat 3408', long 84 o 56' , at county 181 road, at Euharlee. M Lat 3407', long 8453'' at Ga. 55 Highway 113, 1.6 miles east of Stilesboro. PR Lat 3406', long 84 59', at county 125 road, 0.6 mile north of Taylorsville. 14 27 42 1,570b 9.0 32 1,150b,d 152 46 105 2.3 5.3 5.9 313b ,c . 6 2.3 148b ,c 24 3.7 19 3- 5 c Continuous record M Misc~llaneous site PR Low-flow partial-record a Based on continuous daily flow, 1952-68. b Based on continuous daily flow, 1951-66. c Regulated. d Adjusted for storage. Table 5.--Chemical analyses 1 of streams, Bartow County. Date Discharge Time (ft 3/s) o~:-:-::..~ "rib=l>l. ..; ""<'1~1 ..0..<~ '< ~ ~~: ';;; u -o~ >< ::~ I ';;; ::::> "'~ <..; .0.;_"o' u0 u0 ~ ,.,b:ll ~ 13 .15 ._...10 SPRINGS-numbers 1 to 22 indicate flows of less than 0.1 Mgal/d. Numbers 23 to 48 indicate flows of more than 0.1 Mgal/d. Number refers to tables 7, 8, and 9. Unused At least half of flow unused Entire flow in use GAGING STATIONS-number refers to tables 10 and 11. Low-flow partial record Continuous record 24 Base from U.S.Geological Survey Rome, 1958 5 0 5 0 5 5 10 Hydrology by C. W.Cressler,l973 10 MILES 15 KILOMETRES Figure 10.-Principal water-bearing units and location of springs and stream-gaging stations, Catoosa County. For Explanation see page 24. 25 Base from U.S. Geological Survey Hydrology by Fort Oglethorpe, 1969 C. W.Cressler,1973 0 I MILE OEE3:3=E3E:C:::JE3=r=:IE---=i=C:IE3::::::3DI Kl LOMETRE CONTOUR INTERVAL20 FEET OOTTED LINES REPRESENT 10-FOOT CONTOURS DATUM IS MEAN SEA LEVEL Figure 11.- Principal water-bearing units and location of favorable well sites, Fort Oglethorpe and Lakeview area, Catoosa County. For Explanation see page 24. 26 3457'3o"~:1~~[C~~~~~~~~_j!(_S!~&..JLC(J}.~~~~~W~l:li Bose from U.S. Geological Survey East Rid9e 1'24,000, 1969 0 I MILE ~==~~==~~================ EE33::JH3:::::EH::C:EH3::JH3:::::i:?======:::J: KILOMETRE CONTOUR INTERVAL20 FEET DOTTED LINES REPRESENT 10-FOOT CONTOURS DATUM IS MEAN SEA LEVEL Hydrology by C.W.Cressler,1973 Figure 12.- Principal water-bearing units and location of favorable well sites, Graysville and vicinity, Catoosa County. For Explanation see page 24. 3455' Bose from U.S. Geological Survey East Ridge I' 24,00 0. 1969 Hydrology by C. W. Cressler, 1973 E~:C~E3~~E3~~E3~~E3~=i9==================~\MILE =======::::i\ E:s=r::::Ea=r::::::Ea3::::JH3::::JHa:::::o1i: KILOMETRE CONTOUR INTERVAL 20 FEET DOTTED LINES REPRESENT 10- FOOT CONTOURS DATUM IS MEAN SEA LEVEL Figure 13.- Principal water-bearing units and location of favorable well sites, East Boynton and vicinity, Catoosa County. For Explanation see pa~e 24. 28 3452'3d't..:.a.l.......(~~ Bose from U.S. Geological Ringgold 1'24,000, 1946 Interim revision 1 1967 Hydrology by C. W. Cressler, 1973 1EE3~~E3:3~E3E:c=~E3~~E3:3c=o1~====================~~MILE EH3::JH3::::EH3:::EH:r:::::::EH3::0i::::=:=:=:=:=:=:jl KILO METRE CON TOUR INTERVAL 20 FEET DOTTED LINES REPRESENT 10-FOOT CONTOURS DATUM IS MEAN SEA LEVEL Figure 14.- Principal water-bearing units and location of favorable well sites, Ringgold and Shookville area, Catoosa County. For Explanation see page 36. 29 Table 6.--Chemical analyses 1 of well water, Catoosa County. Owner Date Water- of bearing collection unit3 U.S. PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE (1962) DRINKING-WATER STANDARDS w. M. Hill, Jr. 9- 2-58 A Mt. Pisgah Baptist 9- 2-58 A Ira Warren 9- 2-58 A H. A. Wells 9- 2-58 A Milligrams per litre a ,.....<"...,J.. '"0..~N.'. "'~ .0"...~.O.J H~ a ..::.>. "' ..< ., J~ "'u u~ ..::.>. :: ;:.::~ a ::> ..<~ ., "'0 z "'~ 0.3 125 10 - 40 18 0.6 9.2 0.02 39 18 .7 8.6 .02 29 13 1.7 9.3 .05 31 18 1.0 ..:a:.>. <: o..~ OJ '"' "'0 " "'.. .".<..J..n '0u~ "' "'~ OJ ,"'""."'.',"0~" ::>"' "'~ 250 0.4 186 8.8 .4 205 .8 . 3 147 . 2 1.0 177 - Hardness2 as CaC0 3 Dissolved OJ " "''"' OJ "~' solids OJ OJ ., '""''~ ::> .... tO' .... z z~ 0:: "' " a.,.a::.> '""'' 0 ..n.. "' " " ""'" ..::.>. ..<.J, ~: 125 13 ~ ..<~ "'"0 0 z ~ < ""~ .Q..J ""' ..n0.. ~ m "' "'" .>..-.", ..I.., l.n /1) ~ "'>-" '< >-" .., 0 >" H 00 >" 00 cr" '<> >-" l.n 00 ""/1) a>" /1) '< >-" 0 0 ~>' "'/1) 0 "00 >" "' 0 /1) 'tJ " "'00 .," " ...w...cr" "'0 00" ..,. 0 0 rn""t" ~oo /1) "" Total iron >' () (Fe) (~g/1) 0 z"' """">"''-" "~'" A l.n 0 Total manganese ""'00 (Mn) (~g/1) "'n " w Dissolved /1) l.n /1) calcium (Ca) "'/1) 00 0 ""() /1) 00 "'"'" " >-" Dissolved magnes- 0 >-" >" ium (Mg) "'00 "00 Sodium H I} >-" /1) >-" 0 >-" ;>>-"- (Na) I n I .>.-,". Potassium (K) ~"" >' >-" .>..-.", Alkalinity as CaC03 w Sulfate "">-'" ~ :;:: >' .>..-." "'>-" '< 00 0 (S04) ~- /1) 00 :-' Chloride CD (Cl) ? Nitrite plus w nitrate (N) "' 0 Ammonia 0..,. nitrogen (N) ""a' 0 00 ~ " >-" >" "' 00 ""/1) ~ ""/1) 00 n ~ 0 0 00 0 Total 8 phosphorus (P) n"' 0 >...-.", Total filtrable '"""< "' residue w Total nonfil- '<> trable residue w>-" Hardness 0 (Ca,Mg) "....', Specific conduc- 0 tance (Micromhos) ...., pH CD (Units) ">-'" Temperature 0 (Degree C) >-" Color (Platinum 0 cobalt units) "' l.n Dissolved oxygen (Mg/1) 0 Biochemical oxygen "..,'. demand (Mg/1) w Fecal coliform 0 0 (MPN) EXPLANATION CHATTOOGA COUNTY MAPS PRINCIPAL WATER-BEARING UNITS CKJ... Yields generally range from 5 to 50 gal/min. Yields as large as 1,000 gal/min may be obtained at favorable sites. Aquifer is dolomite and limestone. Water quality generally meets drinking-water standards and is suitable for many industrial uses. Yields generally are less than 50 gal/min. Yields as large as 500 gal/min may be obtained at favorable sites. Aquifer is limestone and bedded chert. Water quality generally meets drinking-water standards and is suitable for many industrial uses. Water from lower part of unit may contain excessive iron. Yields generally range from 0 to 20 gal/min. Yields as large as 50 gal/min may be obtained at favorable sites. Aquifers are sandstone, shale, limestone, mudstone, and bedded chert. Water quality generally meets drinking-water standards except for excessive iron. FAVORABLE WELL SITES-number indicates expected yield in gal/min 1 As much as 50 2 As much as 500 e 3 As much as 1,000 SPRINGS-number refers to tables 13 and 14. Unused At least half of flow unused Entire flow in use GAGING STATIONS-number refers to tables 15 and 16. Low-flow partial record Continuous record 36 Base from U.S. Geological Survey Rome, 1958 5 0 5 0 5 5 10 Hydrology by C. W.Cressler,l973 IOMILES I 15 KILOMETRES Figure 150- Principal water-bearing units and location of favorable well sites, north Trion and vicinity, Chattooga County 0 For Explanation see page 36 o 37 Base from U.S. Geolovical Survey Rome, 1958 5 0 5 0 5 5 10 Hydrology by C. W.Cressler,l973 IOMILES 15 KILOMETRES Figure 15.- Principal water-bearing units and location of favorable well sites, north Trion and vicinity, Chattooga County. For Explanation see page 36. 37 Bast from U.S. Geological Survey Trion 1:24,000, 1967 0 I MILE I 0 E3F3E3F3F31 I Kl LOMETRE I CONTOUR INTERVAL 20 FEET DOTTED LINES REPRESENT 10-FOOT CONTOURS DATUM IS MEAN SEA LEVEL Hydrology by C. W.Crouler,l973 Figure 16.-Principal water-bearing units and location of favorable well sites, north Trion and vicinity. For Explanation see page 36. 0 EE3~~E3~~E3~c=EE3=r~E3~=J9====================:JIKILOMETRE CONTOUR INTERVAL 20 FEET DOTTED LINES REPRESENT 10-FOOT CONTOURS DATUM IS MEAN SEA LEVEL Figure 17.- Principal water-bearing units and location of favorable well sites, south Trion and Pennville area, Chattooga County. For Explanation see page 36. 39 Base from U.S. GeoloCjlical ~rvey Lyerly 124,000. 1966 E3 Hydrol09y by C. W.C,..sler,l973 0 I MILE F3F3F31 ======:Ji Eb3::EH:r::JHE3::JH3:::EH3::0rl KILOMETRE CONTOUR INTERVAL 20 FEET DOTTED LINES REPRESENT 10-FOOT CONTOURS DATUM IS MEAN SEA LEVEL Figure 18.- Principal water-bearing units and location of favorable well sites, Menlo and vicinity, Chattooga County. For Explanation see page 36. 40 Base from U.S.Geologiccl Survey Summerville 1:24,000, 1967 Hydrology by C. W.Cressler, 1973 0 I MILE E:~~~~~~~~~~================-~ EH3::::HS::::::JH3::::EH3::::::EE33:::I?=======il KILO METRE CONTOUR INTERVAL 20 FEET DOTTED LINES REPRESENT 10-FOOT CONTOURS DATUM IS MEAN SEA LEVEL Figure 19.- Principal water-bearing units and location of favorable well sites, Summerville and vicinity, Chattooga County. For Explanation see page 36. 41 34"2i3d'~-L~~~~~~L-~~~~--~~~----~~~--------~--~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Bose from U.S. Geological Survey Lyerly I' 24,000, 1966 0 I MILE EH3:::IH3::::::EH3:::IH3::::::EH3:::Io========:::il K1LOMET RE CONTOUR INTERVAL 20 FEET DOTTED LINES REPRESENT 10-FOOT CONTOURS DATUM IS MEAN SEA LEVEL Figure 20.- Principal water-bearing units and location of favorable well sites, Lyerly and vicinity, Chattooga County. For Explanation see page 36. 42 Table 12.--Chemical analyses 1 of well water, Chattooga County. Owner Date Water- of bearing collection unit3 U.S. PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE (1962) DRINKING-WATER STANDARDS Ollie McGraw 2-28-61 A Milligrams per litre .,~ "'" "' .,., 0 .,.,..-< .,., "'~ ......<=~ 0 QJ H~ s .,-~ u~ ..-< "'u u~ ".,1.3, C/l QJ <=~ bObO :".'::0::~: s .,.,~ "'0 "'0 z "'~ 0 3 125 8.2 0.04 50 0.2 3.6 .,1.3, "Ul .,C/l .... ~ 0 ~ o..~ .,.Q..J. <= 0 ....n~ m ., 0 .,u., u;r: "'~ .Q..J. .,~ " ....-..<0 ""' "'~ 250 0.1 141 5.2 QJ '.,0...,. o~ ..;..-< .cu u~ 250 QJ '.,0...,. 0 ....."-<~ ~"' 1 0 Hardness 2 as CaC0 3 Dissolved solids .,.Q..J. .,"., .Q..J. QJ .,~ ,.. m '0 .',.-, '0z C/l QJ "' z~ s . "13 s .,., ".,., C/l QJ u <= ..-< bO ".."0".,. u I <= ""' u"' s"' z0 45 500 QJ .... .,"<= 13 e" .".. '0 QJ "<= 0 "" " Ul 0 -......~.... ii 0 ... ~ " u u (lj r-1 0 O.SV\ U:l~N ... 0 ..-< ;r: 0. u 0 15 6.0 0.1 6.3 158 168 126 - 257 7.6 D. P. Brown Earl Copeland 2-28-61 B 2-28-61 B 5.9 .12 2.4 - 1.8 6. 7 .08 31 1.6 1.6 .1 16 .4 3.2 - . 8 30 22 6 - 42 6.2 . 2 92 1.2 3.0 - 9.0 106 99 84 8 173 7.4 Chattooga County Do. E. c. Galloway William Hughes Juliette Lowe Girl Scout Camp City of Lyerly Do. 0. B. Millican Furman M. Owens 2-27-61 c 2-28-61 c 2-28-61 c 2-28-61 c 2-28-61 c 9-22-52 c 9-28-61 c 2-27-61 c 2-27-61 c 16 .02 44 1.5 2.5 13 .02 47 1.6 2.6 24 1.9 23 3.8 5.1 19 1.2 92 8.9 9.7 5.4 .07 6.8 1.1 1.1 13 14 4.1 28 - 73 .02 69 2.9 38 .64 39 - - 1.9 5.3 3.6 26 4.0 7.9 .1 129 13 1.0 . 1 1.3 143 144 116 10 232 7. 2 :6 146 . 8 3.5 - 9.1 154 150 124 4 241 7. 7 . 7 72 22 - .1 .6 118 114 73 14 167 6.9 .3 332 22 2.0 .1 . 6 326 319 266 - 546 8.2 . 3 26 3.6 .8 - . 9 39 33 22 - 56 6.8 - 184 - 7.0 - 3 - 225 170 - - 7.3 .5 194 13 8.0 .1 12 220 220 180 21 369 7.5 9.3 144 29 11 .1 20 213 212 110 - 365 6.8 .2 154 1.6 1.0 .1 . 7 159 158 114 - 245 7.3 Analyses bv U.S. Geological Survey. ;:.- Water havi~g a Caco 3 hardness of 0 to 60 mg/1 is classified, "soft"; 61 to 120 mg/1, "moderately hard"; 121 to 180 mg/1, "hard"; and more than 181 mg/1, "very hard". 1 Water was sampled from wells tapping water-bearing units shown in figure 15. Data from Cressler (1964) Table 13.--Minimum measured or e~timated flow of springs, Chattooga County. Spring no. Spring name or owner 1 Moses Spring 2 P. v. Yound Location 6.1 miles s. of Menlo, 0.1 mile E. of Alabama State line, w. side of road. Date measured or estimated 11- 8-50 10-20-54 2-13-61 4-25-61 10-25-61 Flow Mgal/d Gal/min 3.3 2,300 1.9 1,320 2.8 1,940 4.1 2,840 2.5 1,730 Waterbearing unit A N. part of Menlo, at waterworks. 11- 7-50 6 c 3 Blowing Spring 4 Hemphill Spring 4.02 miles NNE. of Menlo, at base of Lookout Mountain. 10-31-50 3- 3-61 4-28-61 .06 1.4 .44 42 c 970 300 6. 7 miles NNE. of Menlo, at base of Lookout Mountain. 4-28-61 .Ole 10 c 5 Knox Spring S. 45 miles NE. of Menlo, w. side 11- 2-50 . 87 600 A of road. 2-13-61 2.1 1,450 4-28-61 3. 4 2,260 10-25-61 1.7 1,180 6 Gamble Spring 2.35 miles NW. of Berryton, 0.3 11- 2-50 . 68 470 A mile N. of Ga. Highway 48. 7 Montgomery Spring 2.05 miles NW. of Berryton, 0.3 mile s. of Ga. Highway 148. 11- 2-50 2.8 1,940 A 10-19-54 1.0 700 2-15-61 1.3 900 8 Summerville Fish Hatchery 9 Perennial Spring (Hurley Spring) 1. 75 miles NW. of Berryton, 0.4 mile s. of Ga. Highway 148. 1. 7 miles WNW. of Berryton, w. side of road. 10-19-54 1.0 2-15-61 . 8 700 A 550 11- 8-50 4. 2 2,800 A 10-20-54 2.2 1,530 2-15-61 4.1 2,840 4 25-61 4.2 2,900 10-25-61 2. 9 2,000 10 Berryton Mills In Berryton. 11- 8-50 .01 10 c 11 Vernon Spring 1. 0 mile WNW. of Lyerly, 0.2 mile N. of road. 11- 8-50 .42 290 A 12 Taliaferro Spring 1. 85 miles SE. of Lyerly, E. of 11- 8-50 . 85 590 A road. 10- 20-SI, .58 400 13 Marble Spring 3.4 miles ESE. of Berryton, 2.1 11- 7-50 .27 186 A miles s. of U.S. Highway 27. 14 City of Summerville 3.75 miles ENE. of Berryton, 0.2 mile s. of u.s. Highway 27. 3- 3-61 1.5 1,040 A 6-12-61 . 7 490 10-25-61 .4 280 15 Cleghorn Spring 16 Trion Spring N. of business district in Summer- 8-22-50 2.6 1,800 A ville, w. of u.s. Highway 27. 11- 2-50 1.6 1,100 10-19-54 .46 320 w. bank of Chattooga River, N. part of Trion. 10-19-54 7. 7 5,350 A 3- 3-61 10.5 7,300 6- 5-61 8.3 5,750 10-25-61 7.7 5, 350 6-28-67 9.2 6,400 17 Rider Spring 4.9 miles N. of Gore, 2.0 miles 11- 1-50 . 29 200 A E. of U.S. Highway 27. 18 Phillip's Spring 3. 35 miles N. of Gore, 1. 75 miles 11- l-50 .19 130 A E. of U.S. Highway 27. 19 --- 0.3 mile NE. of Gore, at head of 6-12-61 . 7 lake. 480 c 20 Hick's Spring 2.45 miles NE. of Gore, 0.16 m' ile 11- 9-50 . 29 200 c E. of Sub ligna road. 21 Water's Spring E. bank of Armuchee Creek, 5.9 11- 9-50 11.0 7,700 A miles NE. of Gore, and 5.18 miles 10-25-61 13.9 9,700 SSE. of Sub ligna. Remarks Public supply. Domestic supply. Domestic supply. Supplies water to fish hatchery. Fish hatchery. Industrial supply. Unused. Domestic supply. City supply. Developed. Industrial supply. Flows into lake. Flows into lake. Tests indicate this spring may be polluted by stream water. Flooded during high water. e Estimated 44 Table 14.--Chemical analyses! of spring water, Chattooga County. Milligrams per litre Spring no. Name or owner Date of collection U.S. PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE (1962) DRINKING-WATER STANDARDS Waterbearing unit 3 u"'~N .... 0 . "' ....-< ~ "'~ ......c::~ 0 Q) H~ 0.3 13 ~ ~ u~ "'.-< <1lU u~ 13 ~ ~ "'Q) """" "~ :".' ;:.~: 125 13 ~ ~~ "'""0 z "'~ 13 ~ ~ ."""o.'.'' :~ .: o..~ .Q..) ""'0 ..0.. ~ m roo <.JU .~, "~ ' .Q..) "" " "'~ .- long 8526', at Ga. Highway 337, 3.2 miles northeast of Menlo. c Lat 3428', long 8520', 600 ft downstream from u.s. Highway 27, at Summerville. M Lat 3422', long 8522', at Ga. Highway 100, 3.5 miles southeast of Lyerly. Drainage area (sq mi) 34 0 5 Estimated average flow (Mgal/ d) 40a Estimated 7-day,lO-year minimum flow (Mgal/d) 4.la Water use (1970) (Mgal/d) 38 41 .4 119 130 5.4 3.56 3.9 .1 193 222b 4lb 6.0 6.4 8 0 C Continuous record PR Low-flow partial-record M Miscellaneous site a Based on continuous daily flows, 1961-69. b Based on continuous daily flows, 1937-68. Lv """ ,... en H , ,_I .NI ""I" "I' H "' :"::' ro ,~~... "r"o' "' o" " "w"" w""" ,... ,... '-" '-" O" 00 .....,. c(]Q ~ H.... rso "' r,o... ' '-" ~>-' "'ro 0 ~ '!':. ~ co ,""..".''"-"0"' rt n n '~ " rt "' "wo" ~ ...( ...]~Q ro rt "'ro 'd 0 0 (]Q Total iron rt ~ (Fe) ()Jg/1) 0co z ~ "'.... ~: B .-<~ .", "0 z til~ U.S. PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE (1962) DRINKING-WATER STANDARDS 0.3 125 .."B.. ."""o.'.'' ~ :.: ,.,~ .<.1.1 " " 0 "' .o~ <.u.. 0u0 .-<"' "'~ .<.1.1 .'+".< ;~ o.;- ;:jtll til~ 250 ....Q.,..J. ....Q.,..J. ... ... o~ ...;...; .cu u~ 0 ..".; ~ ~ 250 1.0 <11 ... .<.1.1 .'.."..".. ''z0~"' z~ Hardness2 as Caco 3 Dissolved solids ..."<,.1.1 "'<11 "' . "B B.,.. ~ til ".... "'QJ t) "' """" ...; u B .<.1.1 -."0"".. "'t) I "z0 t) "" "'... B t) t) ... ., QJ ""0 "" "' t) 0 ..::ii ".."..' t) .0.. u u ~ <1.1 f""' 0 t "l -l B~"N' 45 500 ... 0 ...; ""'" u0 15 5 0. R. Haswell 12-29-58 8 City of Trenton 6- 3-59 7 M. Cureton (Poplar Spring) 8-22-52 2 P. Forester 12-29-58 (Forester Spring) B 8. 7 0.04 42 5.1 1.0 c 7.8 .02 45 4.7 .4 c 11 - 48 - - c 4.5 0 04 6 .5 6 0 0.1 142 5.6 1.5 0.1 2.5 132 - 126 - - 50 157 4.6 1.5 - 50 143 - 132 - - - 150 3.0 2.0 - - 165 - 105 - - 50 18 3.6 1.2 - .l 26 - 18 - - 7.6 7.4 - 7.7 - 6.8 - Analyses by U.S. Geological Survey. 2 Water having a CaC03 hardness of 0 to 60 mg/1 is classified, ''soft''; 61 to 120 mg/1, "moderately hard 11 ; 121 to 180 mg/1, "hard"; and more than 181 mg/1, "very hard". Water was sampled from springs that discharge from water-bearing units shown in figure 21. Data from Croft (1964) Site no. Stream name 1 Lookout Creek 2 Pope Creek 3 Squirrel Town Creek 4 Lookout Creek 5 Lookout Creek T TVA site Table 20.--Sumrnary of streamflows, Dade County. Gage type Location T Lat 3455', long 8524', 1 mile southeast of Wildwood. T Lat 3456', long 8525', at county road, 1. 5 miles south of Wildwood. T Lat 3455'' long 8528', at county road, 0.4 mile east of New England. T Lat 3452', long 8530', at Ga. Highway 143, at Trenton. T Lat 3441', long 8537', 0.5 mile northeast of Sulphur Springs station. Drainage area (sq mi) 165 Estimated average flow (Mgal/d) 181 Estimated 7-day,lO-year minimum flow (Mgal/d) 10 Water use (1970) (Mgal/d) 8.21 9.0 . 3 9.41 10 . 3 102 112 5.6 1.0 16.3 18 1.4 EXPLANATION FLOYD COUNTY MAPS w... PRINCIPAL WATER-BEARING UNITS Yields generally range from 5 to 50 gal/min. Yields as large as 1,000 gal/min may be obtained at favorable sites. Aquifer is dolomite and limestone. Water quality generally meets drinking-water standards and is suitable for many industrial uses. Yields generally are less than 50 gal/min. Yields as large as 500 gal/min may be obtained at favorable sites. Aquifer is limestone and bedded chert. Water quality generally meets drinking-water standards and is suitable for many industrial uses. Water from lower part of unit may contain excessive iron. Yields generally range from 0 to 20 gal/min. Yields as large as 50 gal/min may be obtained at favorable sites. Aquifers are sandstone, shale, limestone, mudstone, and bedded chert. Water quality generally meets drinking-water standards except for excessive iron. Yields generally are less than 20 gal/min; a few exceed 50 gal/min. Yields as large as 300 gal/min may be obtained at favorable sites. Aquifer is limestone or dolomite units interlayered with shale units. Water quality generally meets drinking-water standards, although some contains excessive iron. FAVORABLE WELL SITES-number indicates expected yield in gal/min. e 1 As much as 50 3 As much as 1,000 .....o 8 ...c> 7 ...,.32 SPRINGS-numbers 1 to 16 indicate flows of less than 0.1 Mgal/d. Numbers 17 to 47 indicate flows of more than 0.1 Mgal/d. Number refers to tables 22, 23, and 24. Unused At least half of flow unused Entire flow in use GAGING STATIONS-number refers to tables 25 and 26 ! 1 Low-flow partial record A.3 Continuous record 57 .::.:.:.:.:1. . . . . .I ... ...... .I ........ Bose from U.S.Geoloqicol Survey 5 0 Rome, 1958 5 0 5 5 10 10 MILES Hydrology by C. W.Cressler1 1973 I 15 KILOMETRES Figure 25.- Principal water-bearing units and location of springs and stream gaging stations, Floyd County. For Explanation see page 57. 58 Bose from U.S.Geological Survey Hydrology by C.W.Cressler, 1973 Armuchee, 1968 0 I MILE E3~~~=c~~~~C===============~ 0 I KILOMETRE EE-3=r~E3~~E-3~~~E3~~E3~~r====================:JI CONTOUR INTERVAL 20 FEET DOTTED LINES REPRESENT 10-FOOT CONTOURS DATUM IS MEAN SEA LEVEL Figure 26.- Principal water-bearing units and location of favorable well site, Crystal Springs and vicinity, Floyd County. For Explanation see page 57. 59 Bast from U.S.Geolo9icat Survey Hydrology by C.W.Cressler,l973 Armuchee, 1968 and Rome North, 1967 IE3~~~~~~~=I===0=============~I MILE E3Hf9HE1 0 CONTOUR INTERVAL 20 FEET DOTTED LINES REPRESENT 10-FOOT CONTOURS DATUM IS MEAN SEA LEVEL :KILOMETRE(] Figure 27.- Principal water-bearing units and location of favorable well sites, Armuchee and vicinity, Floyd County. For Explanation see page 57. 60 Base from U.S. Geolo9ico1 Survey Shannon, 1968 0 EE-3~~E3~C:EE3=r~E3~C:E3~0r=I=c:c:c:c:c:c:c:c:c:::JI KILOMETRE CONTOUR INTERVAL 20 FEET DOTTED LINES REPRESENT 10-FOOT CONTOURS DATUM IS MEAN SEA LEVEL Figure 28.- Principal water-bearing units and location of favorable well sites, Shannon Hermitage area, Floyd County. For Explanation see page 57. 61 Fi.gure 29 .- PCraimncpi.gparol uwnadtearn-dbevaicr. mim~ tuyn, iFt laanyddlCocoautniotyn.o~~~v~:apbllaenawteilolnsi.steees,pla\1goerr5i7so.n 's 62 Ba.. from U.S.GealoQical Survey Hydrology by C.W.Crellltr,l973 Shannon, 1968 IE:=c~==~~==~~==~~==c==OC===========================~IMILE I 0 E3HHHHI CONTOUR INTERVAL 20 FEET DOTTED LINES REPRESENT 10-FOOT CONTOURS DATUM IS MEAN SEA LEVEL ',"'o"""'O Figure 30.- Principal water-bearing units and location of favorable well sites, northeast Rome and vicinity, Floyd County. For Explanation see page 57. 63 Base from U.S.Geological Survey Rome South 1'24,000, 1968 ~ E3E3b ::HE3:::J::::I::::JH:=E3:c:::EH3:j~============:=::::J: KILOMETRE I MIG E CONTOUR INTERVAL 20 FEET DATUM IS MEAN SEA LEVEL Figure 31.- Principal water-bearing units and location of favorable well sites, south Rome and north Lindale area, Floyd County. For Explanation see page 57. 64 0 EE33:::JHEClE3EClH::::3C::EH3:::::J0cc::c::c::c::c::c::c::c::c::c:::::il KILOMETRE CONTOUR INTERVAL 20 FEET DATUM IS MEAN SEA LEVEL Figure 32.- Principal water-bearing units and location of favorable well sites, southeast Lindale and Silver Creek area, Floyd County. For Explanation see page 57. 65 34"o7'3o"~~~~::r..:...:..~:.:::llll.I.:L.:.L.IJ:i..:u:..:....::.~~~....:...=...:L!...J.:..L~w...:....:....:~L:L:...LI~::::....:....:.'..IL..I.~~~:.:.::..:::.:.~~ Bose from US.Geol09ico1 Survey Rome South, 1968 E~3:::::=::EE3:::::::C:::::::EE3:::3::::::::EE-----=t:::3::=:EE3::::::::r::::::i:?====================II MILE E~3::::EH:::::r::::::EE33::1H:::r::::EE3ri?=============ill Kl LOM ETRE CONTOUR INTERVAL 20 FEET DATUM IS MEAN SEA LEVEL Figure 33.- Principal water-bearing units and location of favorable well sites, Reeseburg and vicinity, Floyd County. For Explanation see page 57. Bose from U.S. Geol09ical Survey Cedartown West, 1967 Hydroloqy by C.W.Cressler,l973 I E----=3 E3 0 &=3 I Er-,=r~E3~~E3~C:EE3=r~E3~=io==================:=:J\KILOMETRE CONTOUR INTERVAL 20 FEET DATUM IS MEAN SEA LEVEL Figure 34.- Principal water-bearing units and location of favorable well sites, Cave Spring and vicinity, Floyd County. For Explanation see page 57. 67 Owner Date Water- of bearing collection unit3 U.S. PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE (1962) DRINKING-WATER STANDARDS A. D. Simpson 2-20-62 A Sand Sp. 2-20-62 c Georgia Power Co. Bill McKellan c. G. Wall Willis Bros., Inc. 2-20-62 D 2-20-62 D 2-20-62 D 3-30-62 D Table 21.--Chemical analyses 1 of well water, Floyd County. Milligrams per litre .,~ "' <.) .... 0 ..-< .... .... Ul Ul ~ .......:~ 0 Q) H~ a .,..:.l. u~ ..-< "lU u~ a ...:.l. (/) .:~ """" ., :>: :.:~ a .,..:.l. ~ "'oz Ul ~ 0.3 8.7 0.11 28 125 11 1.3 a ..~.. (/) (/) ...,. ~ 0 ~ ""~ ..Q.,.) " 0 .D... ~ m "'.... u : E-<~ -; u "0 ~ >"' a ~ ~ u 0 rl Cll "r''l""' "' u I Cll "'~ bO ~ "0 >.-"<';>b~O: o~ "'"r'l a~ "'rl ~ ~~ "00 z" "'~ a ~ rl Cll Cll "..,~ 0"' ""~ ..,0>-. -H m ..~ .. 0 u .r-n<"u' .""-'<"' <:" ."".,''~ "~ "' 0j "~'"'~ ."'"0 r' c~ ..-c<.-u< u~ Cll ~~ ~z o.~ ...,"..,r,'. l .".,' "..', M .-1 z" 3 """' .... bO ;;:: ~ ."~ ' ."'.-< ..0 .".,' .-< rl .0c ""' ~"' 0" .0. !~ ""' .-<"" .o.. .c0 E-< 0. .."-,b:O r:' r'~ "'""',..l a; u u ""'."."~, .o.c, ;; "'"'o.~ a ~ ..."~.', ~ u .. .""<'l'o"b"O' "'"'8 "' E-<~ ..c ,, ~ .o.c, "'rl ~ ".-,"<....~".,, c ~0.."o u0 u ~ "bO' X 0 "0 >"' .-<~ "0~ ...... "r'l :>bO: "'~ c "bO' ;>X o~ .-< ~-- "u' ;.b:O .,..~ a < m "'0 : f.;~ ~ u "0 ~ ..>"..' s ~ ,0 .... "'<...J. .... <11 "' , .'.-..' ."... 0u .... <11 u<11 .-<."..' "'<11 "'.'.<-..'11_~,. .-<0 ~(/} (/}~ ."."0..' ."o ....~ ... ..cu u~ ..."'.~ -<~ z ~ "'"' .'.-..' '<-11' " " '-' '-' r-1.-1 z " t, .."..' .0 <11 3 ""' ..<..11"' " 0 0~ .;":: < " "~ ' "..0c .... p. <11"' 'o-'..c0 f.; p. ...'..."-......' "~' '""""<11.-< '-'"' f0. ; ""' .",'I .... ~ "' r-lr-1 .... ""'0 " "......"..' <11.0 '-' <11 f0. ; ' -" ' ""~' '~~ "0 = ""<'~ 1u1 I ~ : ~ "' '', "0 ' "0 ..O,>"..' ..-~ .<... "...'":>:' o~ """>'', .."o .'...~ ....... ..~.. ~ ~ 5 .."."0u...''c"""s"<""11' s ....."0....... 0 ....a. "0> Ul ~N "'"' ... ..0.. u 0 15 280 7.5 - 12 6.9 .10 40 16 7 0 .10 2.8 20 1.4 70 205 2.0 .4 5 2 0 .o 30 .0 - 173 165 0 296 7.9 5 2.8 .o 6.7 - 24 8 4 30 5.8 - 17 .03 26 3.6 3.9 .6 91 7.6 2.8 .1 2.5 112 109 80 6 160 7.2 5 18 .02 98 15 90 7 30 284 27 39 .1 .7 - 348 308 76 565 7.8 - 23 .41 102 16 20 30 265 88 30 - .1 .o 410 320 - 635 7.6 - 16 .11 62 8.6 10 70 230 6.8 7.0 30 2.0 226 226 190 2 378 7.6 - Chemical analyses by U.S. Geological Survey. Water having a CaC0 3 hardness of 0 to 60 rng/1 is classified, 11 soft"; 61 to 120 mg/1, "moderately hard"; 121 to 180 mg/1, "hard"; and more than 181 mg/1, 11 Very hard". Water was sampled from wells tapping water-bearing units shown in figure 44. Data from Cressler (1974) Table 34.--Minimum measured or estimated flow of springs, Murray County. Spring no. Spring name or owner 1 Dr. James Bradford 2 A. L. Keith (Big Blue Spring) 3 O'Neill Spring 4 James Spring 5 Lula Bailey 6 Dr. Gregory 7 Troy McCamy 8 Jessie Dunn 9 Colvard Spring 10 s. A. Stafford 11 Howard Phillips 12 Mrs. Syble Bryant 13 Carlton Petty 14 Coffee Spring 15 u.s. Dept. of Agriculture 16 City of Chatsworth 17 Mrs. Mary Barnett (Gallman Spring) Location Date Flow Water- measured bearing or estimated Mgal/d Gal/min unit In Spring Place, 0.19 mile N. of u.s. Highway 76. 2.1 miles sw. of Eton, 0.8 mile w. of u.s. Highway 411. 0. 5 mile sw. of Eton, w. side of Mill Creek. 11-15-50 11- 6-69 10-26-54 0.67 .06 .07 -50 .47 1-13-69 . 80 465 A 42 48 A 330 A 550 E. part of Eton. 0. 2 mile sw. of Fashion, 0.08 mile W. of Ga. Highway 225. 11-15-50 10-26-54 1- 9-67 .95 .27 1.3 660 c 187 900 10-11-66 .Ole 10 A l. 85 miles NNW. of Fashion, 0.8 mile w. of Ga. Highway 225. 1-15-50 .43 7-15-70 .32 300 A 220 l. 8 miles NNW. of Fashion, 0.5 mile W. of Ga. Highway 225. 10-11-66 .02e 14 A 0.9 mile NNE. of Sumac, 0.4 mile E. of Ga. Highway 225. 10-11-66 .02e 14 A 0.6 mile SE. of Gregory's Mill, E. side of Ga. Highway 225. 11-14-50 . 58 7-15-70 .50 400 A 350 l. 45 miles NW. of Gregory's Mill, 1.1 miles w. of Ga. Highway 225. 10-25-66 .Ole 10 c 1.5 miles WSW. of Tennga, 0.42 mile s. of Tennessee line. 2. 0 miles sw. of Cisco, s. side of road. 1.6 miles s. of Cisco, 0.55 mile E. of U.S. Highway 411. l. 9 miles s. of Cisco, 0.45 mile E. of U.S. Highway 411. 8- 2-66 10-11-66 7-28-66 7-28-66 .02e .Ole . 02e .02e 14 A 10 A 14 A 14 A SE. end of Conasauga Lake. 8- 2-66 .02e 14 G 1. 4 miles E. of Chatsworth, N. of u.s. Highway 76. 3.1 miles SE. of Ramhurst, 0.41 mile W. of U.S. Highway 411. 10-25-66 . Ole G 10 D Remarks Domestic supply. Supplies Chatsworth. Domestic supply. Unused. do. Stock supply. Domestic supply. do. Stock supply. do. Public supply. City supply. Domestic supply. Went dry in 1925. e Estimated Table 35.--Chemical analyses 1 of spring water, Murray County. Milligrams per litre Spring no. Name or owner Date of collection ""' .,.. Water- bearing unit 3 .,<".J. '0~ ..-< .,.. "'~ .0"...~.Q.) H~ ".,a.. u~ "' ..-< <1lU u~ .",a.. CJl Q) """""~ :"::.::;~: a .,..~ ""' "'0 z "'~ U.S. PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE (1962) DRINKING-WATER STANDARDS 0.3 125 1 Bradford Spring 2-19-62 A 8.5 0.26 22 12 1.1 14 Coffee Spring 11- 6-63 A 4.0 .09 7.0 2.1 3.0 3 O'Neill Spring 2- 8-67 A 9.1 .15 26 12 1.0 4 James Spring 3-24-65 c 8.8 .56 26 7.5 1.4 17 Gallman Spring ll- 6-63 D 15 .05 50 14 .8 16 City of Chatsworth 3-12-59 G 13 .09 2.6 . 2 2.4 .Q.,) .,a".. CJl CJl "'..,~ 0~ o..~ "'0 " "'.-,..MaUo"\ ti)~N ""'" ... 0 ..-< u 0 250 1.0 45 500 1 o.o 3.5 109 110 104 4 205 15 7,6 2 1.5 .2 .1 54 51 26 7 72 6.6 5 1.5 .1 3.4 120 122 114 3 219 7.4 0 2.6 .1 3.4 - 107 96 6 183 7.3 0 1.4 .4 .o 88 190 182 8 320 7.7 5 1.2 .o .6 38 30 8 0 33 6.3 5 Analyses by U.S. Geological Survey. Water having a Caco 3 hardness of 0 to 60 mg/1 is classified, "sofe'; 61 to 120 mg/1, "moderately hard"; 121 to 180 mg/1, "hard"; and more than 181 rng/1, "very hard 11 Water was sampled from springs that discharge from water-bearing units shown in figure 44. Data from Cressler (1974) Table 30.--Summary of streamflows, Murray County. Site no. Stream name 1 Conasauga River 2 Sumac Creek Gage type Location PR Lat 35 01'. long 84 44' at u.s. Highway 4ll, 1.5 miles north of Tennga. M Lat 34 54' ' long 8445', at u.s. Highway 411, 2 miles north of Crandall. 3 Mill Creek M Lat 3449'. long 84 46', at U.S. Highway 4ll, at Eton. 4 Do. 5 Holly Creek 6 Do. 7 Rock Creek 8 Sugar Creek 9 Coosawattee River M . Lat 3448'. long 84 SO', at Ga. Highway 225, 3 miles north of Spring Place. M Lat 3446'. long 84 46' at u.s. Highway 76, at Chatsworth. c Lat 3443'. long 8446'. at county road, 3.3 miles south of Chatsworth. M Lat 3442', long 84 44'. at u.s. Highway 4ll, at Ramhurst. PR Lat 3441', long 8443 1 , at u.s. Highway 411, 2 miles southeast of Ramhurst. c Lat 3436', long 8441', at U.S. Highway 4ll, at Carters. C Continuous record M Miscellaneous PR Low-flow partial-record Drainage area (sq mi) 108 Estimated average flow (Mgal/d) 154 Estimated 7-day,lO-year minimum flow (Mgal/d) 16 Water use (1970) (Mgal/d) 23.9 26 1.7 21.9 24 1.7 33 37 8.4 50.0 64.9 16.5 7.30 54 70a 18 7.8 1.6 2.0a . 9 .9 531 800b 152b a Based on continuous daily flow, 1961-69. b Based on continuous daily flow, 1897-1907; 1919-22; 1962-68. 66 ",.... ",I.,_...w.I. ".H..', '" > I I "w "w "' I ",~.... '<: 00 "' ,,........,.,._.. ,._.w >-' cIJQ J1) 00 V>O "J1) 0" '<: "f' C"l J1) 0 ("l """>-' 0 0 00 ~ .~; t:J N ~ J1) rt "0 "W rt '"' OV> J1) 00 J1) 0 z"' "' A V> a- <>-' 00 J1) ~ 'c"' " ~ ,"~.... '"' ("l ~ "'J1) 00 "'J"1)' 0 c "00 ""J1) 00 I ,....,.... wo "' " 00 .,.,.,...,....... A 00 NW ,._.0 N 00 ,....,.... cr-o "" w w :-' ' N OV> V>O w,._. V>O ,.... w " ""' " w 0 0 o w" 00 a-,.... I I a-,_w. ."H..', '" t:J ~ I I a- J1) "ww" ,....,.... ",._W .w "'>-' IJQ c ..., s>-' V>O "J1) J1) ,_,.... V>N "f' t:J ~>-' H,OO '"w' :":r OV> "',,0........ -0-0-"~ ~IJQ J1) '<: ("l ,".J1) J1) Total iron (Fe) (~g/1) "J1) ~ " Total manganese (Mn) (~g/1) (::"rl ~ Dissolved rt 0.0; calcium (Ca) 0 ":r:tr Dissolved magnes- ium (Mg) ..., w"' Sodium ~,.... "0 (Na) J1) N,._. 0,.... w" "w 0 ,._.0 w'"' A 0 0 , _0 N 0 NO V> "' Potassium (K) Alkalinity as CaC0 3 Sulfate (S0 4) Chloride (Cl) Nitrite plus nitrate (N) Ammonia nitrogen (N) Total phosphorus (P) Total filtrable residue w " I I (::"rl "s ' >-' " :;:: ~,.... ,>..-.'. H >-' ~ IJQ H "s" '<: 0ro0 00 00 "0 J1) 0 ".,....... "'"' J1) "' 00 i"'"' ~ '<""": ("l c 0 "rt '<: Total nonfil- trable residue ,.... "' 00 Hardness (Ca,Mg) "N' V0>0 Specific conductance (Micromhos) pH (Units) N 0"' 00 ",.... 0 0 ,.... ,.... "'N OO:l' NO ,._.w w " " 0 w 00 00 Temperature (Degree C) Color (Platinum cobalt units) Dissolved oxygen (Mg/1) Biochemical oxygen demand (Mg/1) Fecal coliform (MPN) EXPLANATION POLK COUNTY MAPS PRINCIPAL WATER-BEARING UNITS rn Yields generally range from 5 to 50 gal/min. Yields as large as 1,000 gal/min may be ob.. tained at favorable sites. Aquifer is dolomite and limestone. Water quality genetally meets drinking-water standards and is suitable for many industrial uses. Most wells yield between 1 and 30 gal/min. The aquifers include shale, slate, sandstone, chert, limestone, and phyllite. Water quality from most rock units meets drinking-water standards. Excessive iron occurs in water from some phyllite and slate. Shallow wells generally yield between 2 and 30 gal/min. Deeper wells supply 600 to 1,500 gal/min and similar quantities may be obtained from favorable sites. Aquifer is interlayered limestone and dolomite. Water quality generally meets drinking-water standards and is suitable for many industrial uses. Yields generally range from 2 to 30 gal/min. Yields of 50 to 200 gal/min may be obtained from favorable sites in brittle rocks. Aquifers include quartzite, phyllite, slate, granite and other metamorphic and igneous rocks. Water quality generally meets drinking-water standards except for water from phyllite and slate, which commonly contains excessive iron and manganese. FAVORABLE WELL SITES-number indicates expected yield in gal/min 3 As much as 1,000 e4 As much as 1,500 -o7 --> 9 ..,..19 SPRINGS-number refers to tables 39 and 40 Unused At least half of flow unused Entire flow in use GAGING STATIONS-number refers to tables 41 and 42 ! 8 Low-flow partial record A1 Continuous record 100 \ ...... " ' . .:. 85"oo' 85 oo' G I __ r - - - - - - - - - - J Base from U.S. Geolo9cal Survey Rome, 1958 and Atlanta, 1953 5 0 5 MILES Hydrology by C.W. Cressler, 1973 5 0 5 KILOMETRES Figure 48.-Principal water-bearing units and location of springs and stream-gaging stations, Polk County. 34oo~~~~~----~~--~~~~~~~L-~~~~=-~~~~~~~~~~~~~--~~~ Bose from U.S. Geological Survey Cedartown West 1'24,000, 1967 I 0 F3 F3 E3 E3 E3 0 I KILOMETRE EE3~EE3~EE3~EE3~EE3~ti=============:JI CONTOUR INTERVAL 20 FEET DOTTED L1 NES REPRESENT 10-FOOT CONTOURS DATUM IS MEAN SEA LEVEL Figure 49.- Principal water-bearing units and location of favorable well sites, northwest Cedartown and vicinity, Polk County. Fctr Explanation see page 100. 102 Bose from U.S. Geological Survey Hydrology by C. W. Cressler, 1973 Cedartown East 1:24,000, 1967 E~=r~E-3==c=EE-3~~E-3~r=~E-3==c=ori=====================:J\MILE EbDHEI::JH::::::C:JH::::L:JH3::I?============:=jl1KILOMETRE CONTOUR INTERVAL 20 FEET DOTTED LINES REPRESENT 10-FOOT CONTOURS DATUM IS MEAN SEA LEVEL Figure 50.- Principal water-bearing units and location of favorable well sites, northeast Cedartown and vicinity, Polk County. For Explanation see page 100. 103 0 E3E3E3E3E31 EH3:JHE3:::1H3:::EH3::EH3::0t::::=====::::JI KILOMETRE CONTOUR INTERVAL 20 FEET DOTTED LINES REPRESENT 10-FOOT CONTOURS DATUM IS MEAN SEA LEVEL Figure 51.- Principal water-bearing units and location of favorable well sites, southwest Cedartown and vicinity, Polk County. For Explanation see page 100. 104 0 2 MILES EE3~E3=c~E33CEE3~E3=c~l============~==========~ 0 2 Kl LOMETRES EHDH~H~HDH~I======~======~ CONTOUR INTERVAL 20 FEET DATUM IS MEAN SEA LEVEL Figure 52.- Principal water-bearing units and location of favorable well sites, southeast Cedartown and vicinity, Polk County. For Explanation see page 100. 105 85"10' 34 00 .. . . 0 I , '\:,. ' Bose from U.S. Geological Survey Hydrology by C. W. Cressler, 1973 Cedartown East, 1967 I 0 I MILE EE=3==c=~E=3~=c~E=3==~~E=3==~~E=3==~~~============================~~ 0 I K I LOMETRE EE3~~C?~~E3~~E33C~E3~~~================~1 CONTOUR INTERVAL 20 FEET DATUM IS MEAN SEA LEVEL Figure 53.- Principal water-bearing units and location of favorable well sites, Fish Creek and vicinity, Polk County. For Explanation see page 100. ssos' 8502'30 34oo'~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Bose from U.S. Geological Survey Rockmart North 1:24,000, 1968 Hydrology by C.W.Cressler, 1973 I 0 I MILE E3~~~~~~~=r==============~ 0 I KILOMETRE EE-3~~E3~L:EE-3=r:JE3~C:EE3=r=r=:=:=:=:=:=:=:=:=:=:~ CONTOUR INTERVAL 20 FEET DATUM IS MEAN SEA LEVEL Figure 54.- Principal water-bearing units and location of favorable well sites, north Rockmart and Aragon area, Polk County. For Explanation see page 100. 107 Base from U.S. Geologica I Survey Hydrology by C. W. Cressler, 1973 Buchanan, 1958 EE3~E3=c~E33CEE3~E3=ci?============~==========~2 MILES EHDH3:EH[EH:JHll?====I=====:::J2 KILOMETRES CONTOUR INTERVAL 20 FEET DATUM IS MEAN SEA LEVEL Figure 55.- Principal water-bearing units and location of favorable well sites, south Rockmart and Van Wert area, Polk County. For Explanation see page 100. 108 Table 38.--Chemical analyses 1 of well water, Polk County. Owner Date Water- of bearing collection unit 3 u.s. PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE (1962) DRINKI~G-WATER STANDARDS R. Campbell 2-22-62 A w. w. Corn 5-14-63 A Bob Harrison 5-17-63 A Cleo Brown 5-17-63 c Walt Chandler Porter Crimes w. M. Holbrook w. D. Jarne11 5-16-63 c 5-15-63 c 5-17-63 c 5-14-63 c Jewell Hulsey 5-14-63 E E. M. Mead 5-14-63 E Milligrams per litre "(.) '~N rl 0 ..... rl rl Ul Ul ~ 0"~QJ H "'"~ ' ll ~ rl "'(.)~ .u ."... '~ u ll ~ rl "'Q) O"D~OD :".'::>~: ll ~ rl~ "'"'oz Ul ~ 0 3 125 6.5 0.33 1.6 0.5 2.7 7.3 .09 24 - 2.0 8.2 .04 30 - 2.0 9.6 .15 56 - 3.5 17 1.1 2.0 - 3.8 7.6 .16 22 - 2.2 19 .79 72 - 12 21 2.6 5.2 - 8. 7 8.0 .10 34 - 1.7 6.9 .05 22 - 1.6 250 0.8 4 0.0 . 4 135 .o .5 158 2.4 . 6 202 7.2 .6 44 .4 . 3 119 . 0 .6 188 12 ...<.i. ll..~ .Q.,j "'1::: 0 .J::J,.... "o" l O"' .t.....J:U :X:: j:Q~ ..Q.,,j,.... .... .- ! 0"' ;:l(J) (/)~ 250 ~~- 10 14 1- f-' 4 f-' Youngs Spring 3-20-63 Aragon Mills Spring 3-19-63 Cedartown Spring 11-27-57 Do. 3-19-63 A 8.3 0.02 25 11 1.3 0.4 127 2.0 E 7.4 .OS 37 12 1.6 . 6 162 4.0 E 9.2 .05 34 14 2.2 . 5 168 3.0 E 8.2 .05 31 14 2.0 .4 160 3.2 16 Davette Spring 3-19-63 E 8.8 .08 30 13 .8 . 3 154 .8 17 Deaton Spring 3-19-63 E 8.0 .09 34 10 1.2 .6 152 2.4 13 Fish Spring 3-20-63 E 6.4 .06 22 6.6 2.0 . 7 94 4.4 3 West Spring 3-20-63 E 7.1 .05 18 7.1 . 9 .4 88 .o Analyses by U.S. Geological Survey. 2 W6a1tetroh1av20ingmga/1C, aC"m0 3odhearradtneelysshoarfd0"; t o 60 121 mg/1 to 180 i s classified, mg/1, "hard"; "soft"; and more than 181 mg/1, "very hard". Water was sampled from springs that discharge from water-bearing units shown in figure 48. Qj.., "' Hardness2 "' as CaC03 t..J 1::: e .., t..J t..J Dissolved solids .., "" ;:l Qj 't:l 1::: Qj p. e "'1::: 0 0 t..J en 0 Qj .'.t.:..l Qj .'.t.:..l ..Q.,,j,.... Qj ;:l "" "" "" ..o...,.-...... ..c:u u~ 0 ..;..:.>,~ -.. ~~ .+....->z0"' z~ .'.t.:..l en Qj p:: ~ (/) e ..;.:.l. ..;.:..l en Qj ..t.....J 1::: 00 u"' "e' .J::J "'"" t..J I 1::: z 0 .~...ii0 1""1 ~"'""' t..J t..JU aJ r-1 0 P.SO/"\ (J)~N .."0..". ::pX::. u0 250 1.0 45 500 1.0 0.1 0.7 - 122 106 2 182 3.0 .1 3.0 - 164 140 7 232 2.0 .4 4.0 - 157 142 5 264 3.0 .1 3.7 - 160 136 5 224 1.5 .1 . 8 - 144 130 4 215 2.0 .1 2.4 - 150 128 4 217 3.0 .1 3.5 - 100 82 5 154 1.5 .1 1.2 - 74 4 2 139 Data from Cressler (1970) 15 8.0 7.5 7.4 - 7.7 - 7.7 - 7.6 7.4 - 7.2 - Table 41.--Summary of streamflows, Polk County. Site no. Stream name Gage type Location 1 Cedar Creek 2 Do. c Lat 3404', long 8519 1 , near Ga. Highway 100, 4.5 miles northwest of Cedartown. M Lat 3401', long 8516', at u.s. Highway 278, at Cedartown. 3 Pumpkin Pile Creek M Lat 3358', long 8516', at county road, 2.8 miles south of Cedartown. 4 McCurry Creek M Lat 3356', long 8518', at county road, 6 miles southwest of Cedartown. 5 Lime Branch M Lat 33 56', long 8517', at Ga. Highway 100, 5.4 miles south of Cedartown. 6 Cedar Creek M Lat 3357', long 8513', at county road, 4.7 miles southeast of Cedartown. 7 Euharlee Creek 8 Do. PR Lat 33 59', long 8505', at county road, 2 miles southwest of Rockmart. M Lat 3400', long 8503', at u.s. Highway 278, at Rockmart. 9 Do. M Lat 3402 1 , long 8503', at Ga. Highway 101, at Aragon. 10 Hills Creek c Lat 3404', long 84 57 I , at county road, 2 miles southeast of Taylorsville. C Continuous record M Miscellaneous site PR Low-flow partial-record Drainage area (sq mi) Estimated average flow (Mgal/d) Estimated 7-day,lO-year minimum flow (Mgal/d) Water use (1970) (Mgal/d) 109 lOOa 2la 73 42 7.8 66 37 7.1 12 4.1 .4 5.8 5.3 . 2 9.8 8.4 1.5 24 21 1.0 45 37 4.5 2 88 74 16 26 19b . 7b a Based on continuous daily flow, 1943-68. b Based on continuous daily flow, 1960-69. sn _,,... I I ."H.,' tl ;t> ",..'. " f-"N _0I0, "_I,' rt (I) '<",~... "'(I) "' ww "' .., ,...,... 0 aoen 00 >-' O.cQ.. s>-' (I) (I) cr" '< .... tl 00 ~>-' "(I) .0.. OQ >-' f-" N O _, WN "'",' .....rwt:"T (") "' ... (I) p. ~OQ "tl "... (I) (I) "0 ...(") Total iron rt ,.(I) (I) (Fe) (~g/1) .0.., z ~ ~ (I) Total manganese "... (Mn) (~g/1) .c.. ",... "'(I) ."c0.'. (") (I) p. Dissolved "... calcium (Ca) rt ~ ~ Dissolved magnes- ium (Mg) "(I) I ,... "' 00 a- 0 Sodium (Na) .., ~,... (I) Potassium .... N (K) I ,,,......... ,_..,. Alkalinity as CaC0 3 A WN 00 ,... en N 00 Sulfate (S0 4 ) Chloride (Cl) I (") :T ~ >-' :,,>;..:-..':.. >-' O.Q.. "s"' "0 "",... '<",... "'(I) "' 0 Nitrite plus N_,"W' nitrate (N) ,(..I.)... .0.., "' I" r..t. r..t. 0 NO cr-w Annnonia nitrogen (N) (I) (I) ~ ".', 0 NO wcr- Total phosphorus (P} ,,0.... (") Total filtrable 0 c residue "rt '< Total nonfiltrable residue ,... Hardness f-"00 00 (Ca,Mg} Wf-" 000 l.nl.n Specific conductance (Micromhos) pH :-' (Units) Nf-" NO 00 Temperature (Degree C) ,... ... Color (Platinum 00 cobalt units) .... "' ,... 00 Dissolved oxygen (Mg/1) ,...,... Biochemical oxygen demand (Mg/1) "w' .-. Fecal coliform ow 00 (MPN) 00 I EXPLANATION WALKER COUNTY MAPS PRINCIPAL WATER-BEARING UNITS 0 0.. Yields generally range from 5 to 50 gal/min. Yields as large as 1,000 gal/min may be obtained at favorable sites. Aquifer is dolomite and limestone. Water quality generally meets drinking-water standards and is suitable for many industrial uses. Yields generally are less than 50 gal/min. Yields as large as 500 gal/min may be obtained at favorable sites. Aquifer is limestone and bedded chert. Water quality generally meets drinking-water standards and is suitable for many industrial uses. Water from lower part of unit may contain excessive iron. Yields generally range from 0 to 20 gal/min. Yields as large as 100 gal/min may be obtained at favorable sites. Aquifers include sandstone, shale, bedded chert and limestone. Water quality from most rock units meets drinking-water standards. Water from shale and limestone may contain excessive iron, sulfate, or salt. FAVORABLE WELL SITES-number indicates expected yield in gal/min ' As much as 200 3 As much as 1,000 SPRINGS-number refers to tables 44 and 45 -o2 Unused -c>4 At least half of flow unused ..,.3 Entire flow in use GAGING STATIONS-number refers to tables 46 and 47 ! 1 Low-flow partial record I!JJ. 2 Continuous record 114 Base from U.S.Geological Survey 5 0 Rome, 1958 5 0 5 5 10 10 MILES 15 KILOMETRES Hydrology by C. W.Cressler,1973 Figure 56.-Principal water-bearing units and location of springs and stream-gaging stations, Walker County. 115 Bose from U.S. Geological Survey Fort Oglethorpe 1'24,000, 1969 I Hydrology by C.W.Cressler, 1973 EH:r::::HEI::::JHS::::JHS:::::EH3:::i~=======i\ CONTOUR INTERVAL 20 FEET Kl LOMETRE I MILE ~ ~ DOTTED LINES REPRESENT 10-FOOT CONTOURS DATUM IS MEAN SEA LEVEL Figure 57.- Principal water-bearing units and location of favorable well sites, Flintstone and vicinity, Walker County. For Explanation see page 114. 116 Base from U.S. Geological Survey Fort Oglethorpe. 1969 I 0 E=~E3~~~~~~=IO================~IKILOMETRE CONTOUR INTERVAL 20 FEET DOTTED LINES REPRESENT ID-FDOT CONTOURS DATUM IS MEAN SEA LEVEL '"'"~ Figure 58.- Principal water-bearing units and location of favorable well sites, south Rossville and Fairview area, Walker County. For Explanation see page 114. 117 34 52'3o"UJ.;.J~::t:~ll:::i.l.I~5~~~~LL~~~1!1iriO.!!:~~~~(;II!I.:.::.il~M.i.~L.;.;./;;;;;;.::IIii~~;;r:::1._ _:!.__ _ _LL.::u..JilJ Base from U.S.Geolo;ical Survey Hydroloc;y by C.W. Cressler,l973 Fort Oglethorpe, 1969 1 0 Ef?3~~E3~~E3==c=~E3~~E3~~9====================:j:KILOMETRE I MIL~ CONTOUR INTERVAL 20 FEET DOTTED LINES REPRESENT 10-FOOT CONTOURS DATUM IS MEAN SEA LEVEL Figure 59.- Principal water-bearing units and location of favorable well sites, north Chickamauga and vicinity, Walker County. For Explanation see page 114. 8520' Base from U.S.Geolog1col Survey Kensington, 1946 Interim revision, 1969 E==c==~~==~~==~~==~~==iO============================~IMILE E~~~E3~~E3=c~E3=c~E3=c=9C=================~:KILOMETRE CONTOUR INTERVAL 20 FEET DATUM IS MEAN SEA LEVEL Figure 60.- Principal water-bearing units and location of favorable well sites, south Chickamauga and vicinity, Walker County. For Explanation see page 114. 3445' . Bose from U.S. Geologcol Survey Kensington, 1946 and Durhom,l946 ~ Interim revision, 196E9=:=3:::==E=:3=::::E=:=::::C=:::E=:=C::::::J=:=3:==0C==================il Ml LE IEE33:::::EE3:3::::JE3=:=C::::EE3:3::::JE3EC::O1I==========::J\ KILOMETRE CONTOUR INTERVAL 20 FEET DATUM IS MEAN SEA LEVEL Figure 61.-Principal water-bearing units and location of favorable well sites, Kensington and vicinity. For Explanation see page 114. 120 a5"2o' 85151 0 I MILE E3 E3E3E31 I Eb:r::::EH3:::EH:r:::::JHS:::::::EH~01[:==========::::j11 KILOMETRE CONTOUR INTERVAL 20 FEET DOTTED Ll NES REPRESENT 10-FOOT CONTOURS DATUM IS MEAN SEA LEVEL Hydrology by C.W.Cressler, 1973 Figure 62.-Principal water-bearing units and location of favorable well sites, LaFayette and vicinity. For Explanation see page 114. Bose from U.S.Geologicol Survey Estelle lo24,000, 1946 0 bd E3 FA I MILE EH3::lH3::::EH3::EH3::JH3:I?:=:=:=:=:=:==i: KILOMETRE CONTOUR INTERVAL 20 FEET DOTTED LINES REPRESENT 10-FOOT CONTOURS DATUM IS MEAN SEA LEVEL Figure 63.-Principal water-bearing units and location of favorable well sites, Mount Carmel and vicinity. For Explanation see page 114. Table 43.--Chemical analyses 1 of well water, Walker County. Owner Date Water- of bearing collection unit3 U.S. PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE (1962) Milligrams per litre <".J '~N ..........0... ~~ 0 Q) .... CJl ... ~ (/)--~ s s ..;:.J. ..;.:J. "'Q) "' """" u~ ~~ ..C..l.l u Cll)::: ~~~- s ;:J .-<~ "o0 z"' ~-~ s ..;:.J. ."""..''' ~ 0 :.: "'~ .Q.,) "~ ' 0 -..". '"~' "'..{".).'0u I=CI __......... .Q.,) " ..."-..<'0~ ;:J CJl ct:l~_ {)"'Q).., Hardness2 as CaC0 3 ."~.,' s{) {) Dissolved solids s .Q.,) "~ ' ;:J ... "" "0 Q) {0~)"' 0 0 Q) Q) ."...0... ..o ....~ ... .cu ."..0.... 0 ..;...:J~~ .Q.,) .t."..O'z~' Q) ;:J ."..0. "'Q) u~ ~~ z~ ~ s ..;:.J. A... -~ 1! s ;:J CJl ..;:.J. "Q') "'{) "' "'"" {) ~ I ..... ~ u s z0 .... 0 {) {) u ,...j j..j,....., a; ,...j 0 ... ..0... ""'" "-S"' CJl~N u 0 DRINKING-WATER STANDARDS 0.3 125 250 250 1.0 45 500 15 f-' I\:) w L. H. Bowers 8-14-60 c 12 0.01 33 0.4 2.2 0.7 99 0.4 2.0 0.1 2.3 - 117 84 3 166 7. 2 7 G. K. Grigsby 7-27-60 c 8.9 .07 7.4 2.3 . 7 .4 66 .4 . 5 .1 .0 - 80 28 0 97 6.8 5 Mountain Cove Farms 7-25-60 c 24 .71 15 3.0 6.5 .5 76 4.0 .5 . 2 .1 - 106 50 0 128 6. 7 16 Do. 7-25-60 c 13 .03 102 28 9.1 .4 189 215 1.5 .4 .1 - 517 370 214 668 7.4 8 Eugene Patterson 7-25-60 c 6.3 . 00 4.8 1.2 3.0 1.8 24 17 6.5 .1 .0 - 80 17 0 97 6.2 12 Levay Stephenson 8-14-60 c 9.2 .16 53 2.2 1.1 .3 180 - - L___ Analyses by U.S. Geological Survey. Water having a CaC0 3 hardness of 0 to 60 mg/1 is classified, "soft"; 61 to 120 mg/1, "moderately hard"; 121 to 180 rng/1, "hard"; and more than 181 rng/1, "very hard". Water was sampled from wells tapping water-bearing units shown in figure 56. . 8 1.5 . 2 .6 - 173 141 0 272 7.4 3 Data from Cressler (1964) Spring Spring :-lt. f.ove Farms Hunter Spring (Mt. View Farms) Chapman Spring Anderson Cave Spring Chandler Spring Lumpkin Spring Dickson Spring Mathis Spring 10 K<'nsington Spring 11 Phillips Spring 12 Williams Spring 13 Cave Spring 14 Crawfish Spring 15 Blue Hole (Bleachcry) 16 Rock Spring 17 County Farm Spring 18 Howard Lake 19 Big Spring 20 Buzzard Roost Spring 21 Coffman Spring 22 Baker Spring 2J Waterville Spring 24 Brown Spring 25 Jones Spring 26 Watkins Spring 27 Cleghorn Spring 28 Phillips Spring 29 Catron Spring . Estimated Table 44.--Minimum m('asured or estimated flow of springs, Walker County. Location Date measured or estimated Flow Mgal/d Gal/min Waterbearing unit 1. 95 miles ENE. of Lookout, 2.7 11-18-70 0.01 10 miles N. of Chattooga County line. Remarks Stock supply. 4. 08 miles ENE. of Lookout, 4.0 miles N. of Chattooga County line. 4. 3 miles NE. of Lookout, 4. 5 miles N. of Chattooga County line. 8-24-50 1.5 8- 4-60 .5 1,000 350 do. Domestic supply. 4.8 miles NE. of Lookout, 4.5 8- 4-60 .15 100 do. miles N. of Chattooga County line. 2. 6 miles WSW. of Center Post, 0.06 mile N. of Chattooga County line. 9-22-71 .5e 350 2.6 miles WSW. of Center Post, 0.2 roile N. of Chattooga County line. 10- 7-71 .15e 100 Enclosed; unused. 1.5 miles WSW. of Center Post, 0.34 mile N. of Chattooga County line. 3. 25 miles NNW. of Center Post, 2.08 miles W. of Ga. Highway 337. o. 7 mile W. of Cedar Grove. 0.1 mile NW. of K~;nsington. 4. 8 miles N. of Kensington, 0. 7 mile E. of Ga. Highway 193. 12-17-56 2-13-61 4-13-71 6- 7-71 6-18-71 9-22-71 1-11-72 3-10-72 10-26-60 11-18-70 7.2 7.5 7.1 3. Oe 1.0 1.0 10.0(' 7 .Oe .1 .2e 5,000 5,200 5,000 2,000 700 700 7,000 4,800 70 140 Goes dry when nearby wells aro heavily pumped. 4. 85 miles W. of "'' O.J mile E. of Ga. Highway 9-14-60 1.2 830 InduHtrial supply. 2. 5 miles NE. of Chickamauga, 0.1 mile E. of road. 9-14-60 Goes dry nearly every Large flow in liet In Chickamauga at waterworks. 10-27-54 10-26-60 3-10-61 23.0 8.9 29.8 16,000 6,200 20,600 Municipal supply. Very large flows in 1954 and 1961 were caused unusually heavy rains. are far larger than minimum. In Chickamauga. Upper end of lake at bleachery. In Rock Spring, E. of u.s. Highway 27. 1. 55 miles sw. of Rock Spring, w. edge of road. 10-26-60 5.7 4,000 .02e 20 Industrial supply. Stops flowing during dry years. Supplies County Farm. 3.8 miles NE. of junction of Ga. Highway 14J and u.s. Highway 27, in LaFayette, 1.52 miles E. of u.s. Highway 27. ' part of LaFayette, at waterworks. 8-23-50 .2 140 9-16-60 1.0 11- 2-60 1.6 700 1,100 Under lake. Municipal supply. 1. 85 miles WS\J. of junction of u.s. Highway 27 and Ga. Highway 143, in LaFayette, 0.14 mile s. of Ga. Highway 193, and E. bank of Dry Creek. 5 miles N. of Chattooga County line, 0. 74 milP E. of u.s. High- way 2). 9-16-49 10-28-54 12-17-56 7-18-60 8- 4-60 9-16-49 10-26-60 1.3 1.2 1.5 .7 .5 .5 .2e 900 810 1,040 480 350 J50 140 Flows into reservoir used by LaFayf.>tte for water supply. 2.28 miles N. of Cbattooga County 8-22-50 '14 100 line, 0.26 mile E. of u.s. High- 8-17-60 .1e 70 way 27. 2.15 miles N. of Chattooga County 9- 9-49 .41 J20 line, 1.6 miles E. of U.S. High- way 27. 0.9 mile NNE. of Naomi, w. side 10-26-60 .01 10 of Ga. Highway 143. 3.75 miles sw. of Villanow, 5.7 10-26-60 .03 20 miles 1-.1, of Whitfield County line. Stock supply. Domestic supply. 2.25 miles SE. of Villanow, 2.4 9-11-51 . 07 48 miles 1-l. of \olhitfield County line. Stock supply l. 75 miles NW. of Vi1lanow, 4.8 7-19-60 .OJ 20e miles w. of Whitfielrl County line, upper end of Clements l'ond. 0.9 mile N. of Villanow, E. side 7-19-60 .OJ 20e of road. 4.3mi1esNE. of Villanow, w. bank of Mill Creek. 7-19-60 . 03 20e Stock supply. do . 124 Table 45.--Chemical analyses of spring water, Walker County. Milligrams per litre Spring no. Name or owner Date of collection Waterbearing unit 3 " "' "'~ 'M 0 ,..., rl 'M .9"' ""-3" )> ~ >-" I' ">-" "' " ~ >-" "rn (1) "' >-" >-' N >-" OcG rn 0 "(1) cr " "(1) 0 "OG >-' >w-" ""'' OS (1) ,r.n., ~ 0 ,n.. (1) ,. ',0.., >-" "0 ' >n-' 0 H; z ~ ........ c ~ OG ~ 0 ~ c n , ,. "".... ""'' "(1) (D (1) ~ rn (1) c 0 " n (1) rn "' "~ (X) "'(D ~rn w >-' (X) ~ OG rt 0 ~ ~ 00 >..-.". "' ""'' "0 ' ~ (X) w "' w Ln N (X) .... w N "0"'' " N w 0 N 0 "' "' ~ w N w 0 en "' H I >-3 0 >-" " I "' >-" ~ (1) ">-" "' >-" ..,. >-3 >-" N OcG a>-' "' " (1) (1) N ""'' n,.. 0 ~>' ,H;(fl _r_tw_ n :T N ,~.., ~ rnOG " (1) ~ ~ "' 0 "' 0 0 OG ~ Total iron (Fe) (~g/1) n (X) 0 ,".(1) (1) Total manganese (Mn) (~g /1) ~ (1) Dissolved N ~ "' ";,.', ""...'. >' ~ rrnt calcium (Ca) Dissolved rnagnes ium (Mg) rt 0 >-3 ~ Sodium N (1) 0 (Na) ~.... (1) :..-..' Potassium (K) "" ' I ,n.I. ........ Alkalinity @ "' as caco 3 Sulfate N 0 (S0 4) Chloride "' (Cl) ;;:: .>.-.'. >n-' ."... >-" >-' OG ""ran """.r~.n.. (1) rn (X) '0 (1) :' Nitrite plus ".... 0 H; N nitrate (N) >-' rn "' rt rt "(1) "(1) :...'. Arrnnonia nitrogen (N) ~rn 0 OS 0 Total ",..... Ln phosphorus (P) "' w "N ' Total filtrable residue (D " n ;c0:; w Total nonfil- " w trahle residue .... 0 Hardness w (Ca,Mg) w.... Specific conduc- 0 tance (Micromhos) " pH "' (Units) .N... Temperature 0 (Degree C) .... Color (Platinum Ln cobalt units) "' Dissolved oxygen "' (Mg/1) Biochemical oxygen w demand (Mg/1) N w FPcal coliform 0 0 (MPN) 0 EXPLANATION WHITFIELD COUNTY MAPS PRINCIPAL WATER-BEARING UNITS w Yields generally range from 5 to 50 gal/min. Yields as large as 1,000 gal/min may be ob... tained at favorable sites. Aquifer is dolomite and limestone. Water quality generally meets drinking-water standards and is suitable for many industrial uses. Yields generally are less than 50 gal/min. Yields as large as 500 gal/min may be obtained at favorable sites. Aquifer is limestone and bedded chert. Water quality generally meets drinking-water standards, and is suitable for many industrial uses. Water from lower part of unit may contain excessive iron. Yields generally range from 0 to 20 gal/min. Yields as large as 100 gal/min may be obtained at favorable sites. Aquifers include sandstone, mudstone, shale, siltstone, limestone, and bedded chert. Water quality generally meets drinking-water standards, except for excessive iron. Yields generally are less than 20 gal/min; a few exceed 50 gal/min. Yields as large as 300 gal/min may be obtained at favorable sites. Aquifer is limestone or dolomite units interlayered with shale units. Water quality generally meets drinking-water standards, although some contains excessive iron. FAVORABLE WELL SITES-number indicates expected yield in gal/min. 1 As much as 100 2 As much as 500 e 3 As much as 1,000 SPRINGS-number refers to tables 49 and 50 Unused At least half of flow unused Entire flow in use GAGING STATIONS-number refers to tables 51 and 52 Low-flow partial record Continuous record 128 85001 3500' - - - - - -- -- ---------- s-IL_ Base from U.S. Geological Survey Rome, 1958 5 I I 0 I II I I 5 0 5 I I I 5 10 10 MILES I I 15 KILOMETRES Hydrology by C. W. Cressler, 1973 Figure 64.-Principal water-bearing units and location of springs and stream-gaging stations. Whitfield County. 129 Hydroloqy by C. W.Cressler, 1973 0 Eb3.::EE33.::EE3::::r=::EE3:::3::::EE33::::i9==============:::::Jl KILOMETRE '""'() CONTOUR INTERVAL 20 FEET DATUM IS MEAN SEA LEVEL Figure 65.-Principal water-bearing units and location of favorable well sites, Cohutta and vicinity. 130 0 I MILE E3~~~~~=c====~================= Eb3:::EH3::::IF33::::EE3:=r=::EE33::I?==============::::::J: Kl LOMETRE CONTOUR INTERVAL 20 FEET DATUM IS MEAN SEA LEVEL Figure 66.-Principal water-bearing units and location of favorable well sites, Varnell and vicinity. For Explanation see page 128. 131 aso2'3o" 0 ========:=::j\ I.EH3:::JE3E3=:EEl::::::!:=:EE3::3:=::EEl::::::I:=OJ::I KILOMETRE CONTOUR INTERVAL 20 FEET DATUM IS MEAN SEA LEVEL Figure 67.-Principal water-bearing units and location of favorable well sites, Tunnel Hill and vicinity. For Explanation see page 128. 132 v Bose from U.S.Geological Survey Hydrology by C.W. Cressler, 1973 Tunnel Hill, 1943 =:3::=~;;;;r:=:J;;;;;;;;l=:::E=::L::::J=:3:=0C===============:::JI El MILE EE33:::::EE33:::::EE33:::::::EE3==r::::::EH==r::i0=========:::jl Kl LOMET RE CONTOUR INTERVAL 20 FEET DATUM IS MEAN SEA LEVEL Figure 68.-Principal water-bearing units and location of favorable well sites, Rocky Face and vicinity. For Explanation see page 128. 133 I 0 HHHHHI CONTOUR INTERVAL 20 FEET DATUM IS MEAN SEA LEVEL 2 KILOMETRES I Figure 69.-Principal water-bearing units and location of favorable well sites, Dalton and vicinity. For Explanation see page 128. 134 3442' 3.d' ~.=J!LllliiL(Jlhlt::LLli.OO~~J.l.:!fl.Lc~~~Wi~!Q.~~~~~~..:::~:..LjJ_.::Z:i!.l.J Bose from U.S. Geological Survey Hydrology by C. W Cressler, 1973 Dolton South, 1972 ==~=E==~~~~~~~~~~=oi===========================~IMILE El EE-3=I~E3~:=E-3~t=~E3~:=EE3=c=Oi=:=:=:=:=:=:=:=:=:=:=JI KILOMETRE CONTOUR INTERVAL 20 FEET DATUM IS MEAN SEA LEVEL Figure 70.-Principal water-bearing units and location of favorable well sites, South Dalton and vicinity. For Explanation see page 128. 135 Table 48.--Chemical analyses 1 of well water, Whitfield County. Owner Date Water- of bearing collection unit3 U.S. PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE (1962) DRINKING-WATER STANDARDS C. L. Prichett 11-17-64 A Ethel Combee 3-23-65 c Beachel Elrod 3-24-65 c T. J. Gazaway 3-25-65 c Clyde Hayes 11- 5-63 c Davie Jackson 11- 5-63 c A. L. Middleton 11- 6-63 c Dan Tullock 3-25-65 c Haren Voyles 11-18-64 c Milligrams per litre a co~ CJ ,.....,. .... "0..".'.' "'~ "'0"~ "r>. H~ .."..a.. u~ .-I .. u u~ ".... 1:) :.:~ "' ..a ::l .-<~ 0 z "'~ 0.3 125 10 0.17 29 2.6 1.1 a .c".o.' ".... ~. r><~ Dissolved solids .Q..j co~ .t...Oz' z~ ".."".'.' ---~--~ bearing estimated Mgal/d Gal/min unit 11- 2-67 O.Ole 10 Remarks Domestic supply. 0.18 mile NW. of Mill Creek, 0.1 11- 2-67 . 02e 14 Do. mile W. of road. 0.25 mile NW. of Mill Creek, 0.13 11- 2-67 02e 14 Do. mile W. of road. 4. 32 miles SW. of Rocky Face, 2.8 11-29-50 2. 2 1, 530 A miles N. of Walker County line. lD-28-54 1.1 775 12-30-68 1. 65 1,150 11- 5-69 1. 37 950 2. 33 miles SSW. of Rocky Face, 1.9 miles W. of I-75. 11- 2-62 . Ole 10 Stock supply . 0.55 mile N. of Tunnel Hill, 0.9 mile E. of Catoosa County line. l.O mile WNW. of Cohutta, S. side of road. 11-29-50 11- 3-67 11- 2-67 .11 .10 . Ole 77 A 70 10 A Unused. 1.06 miles NNE. of Cohutta, W. of 11-16-50 . 66 road. 2-19-62 .65 10-21-69 . 33 460 A 450 230 1.68 miles NNE. of Cohutta, E. side of road. 7-18-67 .Ole 10 D Supplies fish hatchery. Not used. 1. 95 miles NE. of Cohutta, 0. 25 7-18-67 .05e 35 A Do. mile E. of Ga. Highway 71. 0.4 mile NNE. of Varnell, 0.12 mile E. of Southern Railway. 11- 5-69 . 39 260 0. 28 mile NNE. of Varnell, 0.15 11- 5-69 .OS 35 mile E. of Southern Railway. 0. 2 mile W. of Varnell, W. side of road. 1.12 miles SSE. of Varnell, 0. 5 mile E. of Southern Railway. 1-15-69 11- 5-69 10-31-67 . 25 . 29 .Ole 174 A 200 10 A Domestic supply. 0. 28 mile E. of Ga. Highway 71, 4.8 miles N. of U.S. Highway 76. 11- 5-69 .02e 14 D 0.05 mile E. of Ga. Highway 71, 11-29-50 . 5 2.62 miles N. of u.s. Highway 76. 350 A Partly used. NW. part of Dalton, at Crown Cottar 11-17-50 . 34 230 Mill. Developed SW. part of Dalton at American Thread Co., 1.8 miles W. of U.S. Highway 41. In Phelps, 0.07 mile E. of u.s. Highway 41. 11-17-50 3-13-59 11-18-64 . 57 . 57 .Ole 400 A 400 10 Industrial supply. 0.2 mile W. of I-75, 4. 75 miles N. 11-17-50 . 87 600 of Gordon County line. lD-28- 54 .62 430 11- 5-71 .6e 420 In Phelps, 0.19 mile E. of U.S. Highway 41, S. of road. 5-25-67 . 3 210 Supplies swimming pool and trout pond. Industrial cooling. Industrial cooling. 0.39 mile E. of U.S. Highway 41, 11- 5-69 . 2e 140 0.3 mile N. of Gordon County line. Industrial supply. 3.08 miles SW. of Beaverdale, 2.4 11-16-50 2.2 1,530 A miles W. of Murray County line. lD-27-54 1.5 1,040 12-30-68 2.2 1,530 11- 5-69 1.5 1,040 3.45 miles WNW. of Beaverdale, 4.1 miles S. of Tennessee line. 11-19-67 . Ole 10 A Small quantity of water used by nursery. Domestic supply . 3. 2 miles WNW. of Beaverdale, 3.25 miles S. of Tennessee line. 11-28-50 . 62 10-27-54 . 03 11- 3-67 . Se 430 A 21 350 3.6 miles NW. of Beaverdale, 2.12 miles S. of Tennessee line. 7-18-67 . Ole 10 A Unused. Domestic supply . 0. 72 mile S. of Tennessee line, 1. 78 miles W. of Murray County line. 5-25-6 7 02e 14 Unused 0. 3 mile S. of Tennessee line, 1.45 miles W. of Murray County line. 5-29-6 7 . 02 14 Domestic supply. 137 Table SQ.--Chemical analyses 1 of spring water, Whitfield County. Spring no. Name or owner Date of collection Waterbearing unit 3 u"'~N .... .... 0 .-; "~'"~' "',.,0"~Q) H~ U.S. PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE (1962) DRINKING-WATER STANDARDS 0.3 18 American Thread Co. 3-13-59 A 5.8 0.08 8 Cohutta Fish Hatchery 2-19-62 A 8.4 .14 23 Deep Spring 3-23-65 A 6.9 .06 4 Freeman Spring 3-24-65 A 7.8 .08 13 Seymour Spring 3-23-65 17 Crown Cotton Mill 11-17-64 22 Nance's Spring 11- 6-63 A 7. 7 . 01 c 8.5 . 01 c 17 .06 19 Anderson Spring 11-18-64 D 7.6 .02 Milligrams per litre "..6.. u~ "'.-; "'u u~ 6 ..".. "z~0"' z~ solids "...Q.,.) "Q') '" 13 ""' . "6 s .... ".... "'Q) u .-; 00 "' " u "s' '-' .,"0"D.', "u ' I "z0 " 0 u "' "0 ' .~ ~ ....4-< 0 ,.,~ u uu oil) .s.4 v0 ; "' '< G""l ."0.'. 00 f-' ,__ ,... "' 0 ~ ~f-' r'"t""n' '"' '"' w w n w::C "' 0 0 0 ~ ~oo ... " 0 '"0' ro ""' c "00 Total iron " 0 " (Fe) (~g/ 1) ""f-' 'z"" rc"".,...t.. . "' I ~ Sodium ~ (Na) Potassium (K) "'(X) ~ Alkalinity as CaCO 3 Sulfate (504) ?' (X) '"' 0 ? N N 0 0 ? N 0 (X) N 0 ""'' "0' Chloride (Cl) Nitrite plus nitrate (N) Ammonia nitrogen (N) Total phosphoru:::: (P) Total filtrable residue Total nonfiltrable residue i >-l "o,..". "' 'N"' I I n '~" :,,f...-..:'.. f-' ...(IQ "s"' nf-' ",... ""~,... '< 1"1>' "' '0 0 .1,1..>... f-' '"" r"..'t. r..t. "' 11> " 3 "' ~ f-' rt .'"..". ,r.o.. 0. n c 0 ~ rt '< "' ~ 0 ~ ,... ,... "N ' w "' ;" N N "' "' 0 0 Hardness (Ca,Mg) Specific conductance (Micromhos) pH (Units) Temperature (Degree C) ~ ~ 0 0 ,... ,... ? w (X) Color (Platinum cobalt units) Dissolved oxygen (Mg/1) w "' '"' N w 0 N w 0 0 0 0 0 0 Biochemical oxygen demand (Mg/1) Fecal coliform (MPN) The Department of Natural Resources is an Equal Opportunity employer and employs without regard to race or color, sex, religion, and national origin.