GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF GEORGIA 
S. W. McCALLIE, State Geologist 
BULLETIN No. 20 
A PRELIMINARY REPORT 
ON TIlE 
MINERAL SPRINGS 
OP 
GEORGIA 
BY 
S. 'W. McCALLIE 
State Geologist 
Atlanta, Ga. CRAS. P. BYRD, State Printer 
1913 
 
 THE ADVISORY BOARD 
, OF THE " 
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF GEORGIA 
IN THE YEAR 19l3 
 
(Ex-Officio) 
 
H,S EXCELLENCY, JOSEPH:tVL BROvVN, Governor of Georgia 
 
PRESIDENT OF THE BOARD 
 
HON. PHILIP COOK 
 
: 
 
Secretary of State 
 
HON. J.,W. SPEER 
 
State Treasurer 
 
HON. W. A. WRIGHT 
 
: 
 
Comptroller-General 
 
HON. T. S. FELDER 
 
AttorneycGeneral 
 
HON. J. J. CONNER 
 
Commissioner of Agriculture 
 
HON. M. L. BRITTAIN 
 
Commissioner of Public Schools 
 
 LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL 
GllOLOGICAL SURVEY OF GEORGIA ATLANTA, JUNE 15, 1913. 
To HIS EXCELLENCY, JOSEPH M. BROWN, Governor and President of the Advisory Board of the Geological Survey of Georgia. 
SIR: I have the honor to submit herewith my report on the Mineral Springs of Georgia, to be published as Bulletin No. 20, of this Survey. 
Very respectfully yours, S. W. MCCALLIE, State Geologist. 
 
 TABLE OF CONTENTS. 
 
Advisory Board ...................................................... 2 
 
Letter of Transmittal 
 
,"............................ 3 
 
Table of Contents 
 
4 
 
List of. Illustrations 
 
5 
 
Prefatory Note 
 
8 
 
History of Mineral Springs 
 
: 
 
,",. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 
 
Definition of Mineral Water 
 
11. 
 
Origin of Mineral Waters 
 
11 
 
Thermal Springs 
 
:.............................. 13 
 
Medicinal Value of Mineral Waters 
 
14 
 
Classification of Mineral. Waters 
 
16 
 
Scheme of Classification ...'...................' . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 17 
 
Solid and Gaseous Constituents of Mineral Waters and Their Medicinal 
 
Effect ................................................... 19 
 
Carbonates ........................................................ 19 
 
Chlorides ........................................................ 21 
 
Sulphates 
 
_. . . . . . . . . .  . . . .  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 22 
 
Gases .......................................................... 24 
 
Other Minera~s 
 
25 
 
Geographic Distribution of Mineral Springs .......................... 26 
 
DEscription of Individual Springs and Wells ..................... 27180 
 
 ILLUSTRATIONS 
 
PLATE 
1. General View of Indian Springs, Butts County, Georgia ...Frontispiece 
OPPOSITE PAGE' 
 
II. A. Artesian Lithia (Benscot) Well, Cobb County, Georgia.......... 16 
 
B. Medlock (Benscot) Well and Bottling Plant of Benaect Mineral 
 
Water Company, Cobb County, Georgia 
 
 16 
 
m. A. The Original Bowdon Lithia Spring, Douglas County, Georgia... 34 
 
B. Bowdon Lithia Spring now in Use, Douglas County, Georgia... 34 
 
IV. A. Beall Spring, Warren County, Georgia....................... 42 
 
B. Carter '8 Mineral Spring, Gordon County, Georgia............. 42, 
 
V. A. Catoosa .:Mineral Springs, Catoosa County, Georgia............. 48 
 
B. Hotel, Catoosa Bprlnga, Catoosa County, Georgia............. 48 
 
VI. A. Cascade Spring, Fulton County, Georgia 
 
 56 
 
B. Cave, Spring," Floyd County, Georgia........................ 56 
 
VII. A. Chalybeate Springs, Meriwether County, Georgia.............. 62 B.' Cliff Rock Spring, Fulton County, Ge~rgia................... 62 
VITI. A. Cohutta Springs," Murray County, Georgia.; .'~'~............... 70 
 
. B. Cold. Spring, Meriwether County, Ge.orgia.................... 70 ~,' A.. Cox Mineral Spring, Burke County, Georgia.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76 
 
B:"Daniel'Mineral spring, Greene County, Georgia 
 
_....... 76 
 
X. A.. Demorest-Bpringsj-Habersham County, Georgia 
 
84 
 
B. Freeman Spring, Gordon County, Georgia................... 84 
XI. A. Gord~~ SprhIg, Whitfield County, Georgia .. :................. 90 
 
B. Harbour Spring, Floyd County, Georgia 
 
;....... 90 
 
XII. ..A..General View of Indian .Sprfng, Butts County, Georgia .. -.... 98 
 
B. Near View of Indian Spring, Butts" County, Georgia.......... 98 
XIIi.' .A. High RoCk Spring, Fulton 'County, Georgia .................. 104 
 
B-. -.ray' Bird Spring, .Dodge County, Georgia 
 
..':..': 
 
104 
 
'. XIV ~.. Kavanaugh .l~pring, w;cogee Oounty., Georgia 
 
:. . - 
 
~ 112 
 
B. Lifsey Spring, Pike County, Georgia ; ..... ~ .. ',' . ". . . . . . . . . .. 112 
 
X:V.' A. Loueh (Benscot) Well~ Cobb County, Georgia. ..~: 
 
118 
 
B. Boarding House, Majors Mineral Spring, Chattooga County, 
 
Georgia ............................. J.                118 
 
XVI. A.. Hotel, Meriwether White Sulphur Springs, Meriwether County, 
 
Georgia ................................................. 126 
 
B. Meriwether White Sulphur Springs, Meriwether County, Georgia 126 
 
XVII. A. Martin Spring, Whitfield County, Georgia 
 
 132 
 
B. Spring at the Mineral Springs Summer Resort, near Lafayette, 
 
walker County 
 
132 
 
 ILLUST,lfATIONS 
 
7 
 
PLATE 
 
OPPOSITE PAGE 
 
XVIII. A. Miona Spring, Macon County, Georgia ............." 
 
140 
 
B. Oak. Mountain Spring, Talbot County, Georgia ............... 140 
 
,J, 
 
XIX. A. Omaha Spring," Jefferson County, Georgia B. Polar Rock Spring, Fulton County, Georgia 
 
146 146 
 
XX. A. Rowland Spring, Bartow County, Georgia ................ 152 
 
B. Satterfield Spring, Bartow County, Georgia 
 
152 
 
XXI. . A. Sulphur Spring, Glynn County, Georgia ..................... 158 
 
B. Swift Mineral Spring, Elbert County, Georgia................ 158 
 
XXII; A. 'I'hundering Spring, Meriwether County, Georgia 
 
164 
 
B. Utoy Rock Spring, Fulton County, Georgia 
 
164 
 
XXIII. A. Warm Springs Hotel, Meriwether County, Georgia 
 
: 170 
 
B. White Elk Spring, Bibb County, Georgia 
 
170 
 
XXIV. A. White Path Chalybeate Spring, Gilmer County, Georgia 
 
176 
 
B. Hotel, White Sulphur Springs, Hall County, Georgia 
 
: ... 176 
 
MAP 
Map showing distribution of the Mineral Springs of Georgia.............. 27 .\ '.,- 
 
 -- =.'~"~~~~~--------- 
PREFATORY NOTE 
In submitting this preliminary report on the mineral springs ,,{ Georgia, the writer wishes to state that in the great majority of instances the waters herein described were collected by him personally and that all analyses, with 'only one exception, were made by Dr. Edgar Everhart, chemist, of the State Geological Survey, by the same methods and uuder like conditions. In all cases, every precautiou was taken with the waters to guard against unclean vessels and .other conditions which might affect the result of the analyses. 
All of these springs, with only a few exceptions, are or have been, regarded from time to time locally as possessing medicinal virtues. Even 'the springs in some instances whose 'waters are remarkably pure from a mineralogical standpoint and have for that reason been classified as neutral waters have a more or less extensive sale not only as a pure table water, but also, as a medicinal water. It should here be added that this report contains not all of the springs of medicinal virtues in the State, hut only those which have been investigated by the State Geological Survey. 
The report, I am fully persuaded, will prove of much value to the practicing physician in selecting for his patients just such waters as are applicable to the treatment of certain diseases. To facilitate this use, a table has been added at the last of the report giving the classification and analysis of each water, together with the page number in the text where the description of the spring, the accommodations, etc., are found. By the use of this table the physician can readily select the water most suitable to his patient without having to peruse the entire report. 
In conclusion, I wish to return thanks to the many mineral spring proprietors and mineral water dealers for their uniform courtesies and assistance rendered in furnishing data for this publication. 
I wish also to express my appreciation to Dr. Edgar Everhart for his painstaking care in the analytical work as well as for assistance and advice in getting up the report. 
 
 MINERAL SPRINGS OF GEORGIA 
HISTORY The pages of mythology, as well as ancient history, bear records of mineral springs whose waters wen! supposed to possess supernatural properties. Bathing was made a religious duty by Moses, and the Israelites "dipped in the Jordan" to rid themsel:,es of leprosy and other diseases. Josephus records that Herod "sent for physicians, and did not refuse what they prescribed for his assistance, and went beyond the river Jordan, and bathed himself in the warm baths at Callirrhoe." Bathing was a sacred rite with the ancient Egyptians, and mineral waters "for medicinal purposes have been used by all nations since the remotest times. The ancients erected temples to the god of medicine near mineral springs, and resorts for the sick near by. It remained, however, for the Romans to establish baths at mineral springs that far excelled in number and beauty those of any other nation. It is said that during the days of imperial Rome 800 baths could be counted within the city. Pliny, Tacitus, Seneca, and other writers described these baths. The buildings were wonderfully beautiful, most artistic in design and ornamented with statuary and mosaics. Some of these buildings could accommodate 3,000 bathers at one time. At Baiae, ten miles from Naples, on the Gulf, were remarkable mineral springs, both hot and cold, which the wealthy Romans visited during the summer months. Seneca describes the baths at Baiae as scenes of voluptuous pleasure, luxury, and even of vice. Many ruins of Roman baths still exist, the most famous, however, being those of Caracalla, whose outside walls extend nearly one-fourth of a mile on each of its four sides. The baths of Europe at the present time bear traces of the Roman influence, as the Romans carried their love of bathing to the different parts of the world conquered by them. 
 
 10 
 
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF GEORGIA 
 
Because of the unbounded license of the public baths, the early 
 
Christians proscribed their use to a great extent, the fathers per- 
 
mitting bathing for the sake of cleanliness and health, but not for 
pleasure. Few cities' of Europe, 'however, were without baths, 
 
, especially hot air and vapor baths, at the beginning of the 13th 
 
century. These baths were first adopted by the Mohammedans 
 
and were carried into Spain by the Arabs. The Crusaders helped 
 
to spread the use of these baths throughout Europe, and early 
 
European explorers in North America found the Indians using crude 
 
vapor baths. 
 
In 1725, there was published in Boston as a reprint from a Lon- 
 
don edition a volume entitled "The Curiosities of Common 'Water, 
 
or the Advantages thereof in Curing Cholera, Intemperance; and 
 
Other Maladies," by John Smith, C. M. This book is the first work 
 
upon the qualities and uses of water published in this country. It 
 
calls attention to the excellence of water as a drink and says that 
 
"water is also of great use to strengthen weak children; it prevents 
 
swelling from bruises, sic1~nes,s of the stomach, shortness of breath, 
 
and vomiting; it cures fluxes, con~umpti~n, flushes, colic, small- 
 
pox, etc." 
 
The mineral springs of this country were highly esteemed by the 
 
Indians, and in many instances in the making of treaties with the 
 
whites the Indians reserved the springs. with a certain amount of 
 
land for their own use. According to Walton, High Rock Spring, 
 
Saratoga,N.,Y., was known to the Mohawk Indians as early as' the 
 
14th Centruy by the name of "The Medicine Spring of the Great 
 
Spirit." It wa,:;, however, many years after. the first settlement of the 
 
country before it was knownto the whites. A tavern for the ac- 
 
commodation of visitors was opened in 1774 on the summit of the 
 
hill in the rear of High Rock Spring. This, says Walton; was un- 
 
doubtedly the first ,pleasure resort in the Northern States, that of 
 
Berkeley Springs: in West Virginia, being the first in the Southern. 
 
.In 
 
colonial 
 
times the wealth yand ~. 
 
aristocracy 
 
of 
 
the 
 
South 
 
as. 
 
sembled at Berkeley Springs to enjoy the, baths and, country spo- rts. 
 
 ORIGIN OF MINERAL WATERS 
 
11 
 
In 1777 the town of Bath was laid out at these springs, and General Washington purchased two adjoining lots, which are mentioned in his will. 
Perhaps the most historic mineral springs of Georgia are Indian Springs, Warm Springs, Catoosa Springs, and Bowden Lithia Springs. The waters of all these springs are known to have been used by the Indians for medicinal purposes, and each one has been at one time or another the resort of the wealth and Iashion of the State. 
DEFINITION OF MINERAL WATER 
The term mineral water is 'often used in two different senses. As used by the chemist Dr geologist the term signifies a water carrying an unusual amount of mineral matter, whereas, 011 the other hand, the physician or the commercial dealer uses the term to designate a water which is known or is supposed- to' possess certain medicinal virtues, often regardless of the amount of mineral matter present. In the one case the definition takes into consideration the quantity of mineral matter in solution, in the other the effect of the dissolved minerals on the human system is alone considered. According to the physician's definition the term mineral water may and is often applied to a water carrying only a few grains of mineral matter per gallon. As a matter of fact, it might be here stated that a considerable percentage of the mineral waters now put on the market carry only a small amount of mineral matter. Som'e of these waters, it might be further added, having a well established record for their healing virtues, in not a few instances carry less mineral matter than many of our common potable waters. 
As the physician's definition of mineral water, as above given, is the one most commonly used in works on mineral springs, the term mineral water will be so used in this report. 
 
ORIGIN OF MINERAL WATERS Mineral waters, Iike all other underground waters in general, have their primary beginning, with but few exceptions, in the 
 
 12 
 
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF GEORGIA 
 
rainfall. Rain as it falls from the clonds, which are only condensed aqueous vapor evaporated from the rivers, lakes, seas, 'and. land, escapes from the surface of the earth either by runoff, by evaporation, or it may be taken up by the soils or porous rocks. That part of the rainfall last mentioned supplies all of our springs and wells. 
Rain water, when it first .falls on the surface of the earth, is quite pure, its chief impurities being carbon dioxide and ammonia, together with traces of a few other gases which it absorbs from the atmosphere in its descent. These impurities, especially the carbon dioxide, greatly add to the solvent power of the water and as it enters the earth its solvent power is further augmented by the addition of a number of organic acids. The water which, even in its pure state, is almost a universal solvent, now becomes more energetic, and as it passes deeper and deeper in the earth it takes up in a greater or less degree traces or appreciable parts of all the minerals with which it comes in contact. Other factors affecting the solvent power of water, are heat and pressure, agents which, no doubt, increase the solvent power of water to a considerable extent at great depths, but are less effective near the 
surface. 
As underground waters are, to some extent, a universal solvent the. percentage of mineral constituents of these waters usually bear a more or less definite relation to the minerals with which they come in contact. In other words, springs of limestone regions, as a general rule, carry a high percentage of calcium carbonate, while those flowing from rocks impregnated with pyrites are not infrequently chalybeate waters, or waters with high iron content. Again mineral springs appear to be more prevalent in mountainous regions than in level or plateau regions. An attempt has been made to explain the abundance of mineral springs in mountainous dis tricts by supposing the waters of such springs to come either from a great depth or that the minerals in such regions are rendered 
 
 THERMAL SPRINGS 
 
13 
 
more soluble by reasou of the dynamic action going ou 10 these regions. 
THERMAL SPRINGS 
Thermal springs differ from common springs in having a, temperature higher than that of the <annual average temperature of the place in which they are located. This class of springs having a temperature between 79 and 98 F. are termed warm springs, while those with a temperature above 98 F. are designated hot springs. Thermal springs, in 1110St cases, are probably deep seated and in many instances owe their high temperatures 'to the normal heat of the deep seated. rocks. It is a well-known fact demonstrated by all deep mines and wells that the temperature of the rocks of the earth's surface increases as the depth increases. In some cases the rate of increase has been found as high as 1 0 F. for every 25 feet of descent, while in others it 'is only 1F. for every 130 feet. The general average, however, is about 1F. for every 50 or 60 feet descent. Following this rate of increased temperature as an illustration, the water from Warm Springs, Meriwether County, this State, which has a temperature of 851 F., would have to come from a depth of only about 1,500 feet; and the waters from Thundering Spring and Lifsey Spring, the only two other thermal springs in the State with temperatures 76 and 77 respectively, would have to receive their waters from a depth of less than 700 feet to attain their present temperature. These depths seem to be very moderate when compared to the depth of the folding and faulting of the rocks, which in many cases enable the waters to penetrate to a depth of thousands of feet. 
Thermal springs are most common in volcanic regions. In such localities they, together with geysers and fumaroles, appear to be last phases of volcanic activity. 
Another cause of the heat of thermal springs is supposed to be due to chemical action or to rapid molecular changes taking place in the alteration and metamorphism of minerals. 
1 The temperature of Warm Springs, taken by Dr. S. L. Galpin, Asst. Slate Geologist, on June 6th, 1913, with a standardized thermometer showed S7" F. 
 
 I 
 
14 
 
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF GEORGIA 
 
Thermal waters, as a general rule, are more abundantly charged with mineral matter than normal waters, due, no doubt, in part, to the increased solubility of minerals in water at high temperatures. This fact is well illustrated in the case of Warm Spring and Cold Spring, M'eriwether County, in this State. These springs are both very large, scarcely a mile apart, and similarly located at the base of Pine Mountain, but the former carries 123 parts per million of mineral matter, while the latter only 36 parts. In other words, the water of Warm Spring carries nearly four times as much mineral matter as Cold Spring. 
 
MEDICINAL VALUE OF MINERAL WATERS 
 
There seems to be at present quite a difference of opinion as 
 
to the true medicinal value of mineral waters. Some of our leading 
 
physicians are extremely skeptical about the use of .mineral waters, 
 
while on the other hand physicians of equal learning have strong 
 
faith in their medicinal virtues. From our present knowledge of 
 
.the effect of mineral waters on the human system it would seem 
 
that the true value of these waters is likely to be found occupying 
 
an intermediate ground between these two extremes. One of the 
 
chief causes, no doubt, of the general skepticism of the importance 
 
of mineral waters among physicians and the better informed laity 
 
has been due largely to the unwarranted claims of mineral spring 
 
proprietors and water dealers. "When the intelligent practitioner," says Dr. Crook', "reads that 
 
a certain water is positively curative of an imposing list of diseases 
 
as set forth in divers pages of testimonials from renovated states- 
 
men, restored clergymenjand rejuvinated old ladies, and then learns 
 
that from analysis that it contains two or three grains of lime- 
 
salts 
 
per 
 
gallon 
 
with 
 
the 
 
remaining 
 
ingredients 
 
requiring, 
 
p.e 
 
r 
 
ha -\ 
 
p 
 
s 
 
, 
 
a third or fourth decimal figure to express, he can hardly be blamed 
 
for tossing the circular in the waste basket with an objuration \lpon 
 
quacks generally and mineral spring quacks in particular. Yet, the 
 
1 Mineral Waters of the United States and Their Therapeutic Uses, p. 35. 
 
 MEDICINAL VALUE OF MINERAL WATERS 
 
15 
 
conservative physician will find a safe and dignified position between that of the pretentious advertiser, which claims everything, and that of the medical skeptic, which believes nothing." 
In discussing this same subject, Peale' says: "A number of the waters included, and of importance commercially, would be considered indifferent when viewed in the light of their chemical composition, but it must be remembered that some very pure waters have an undoubted therapeutical effect, and that chemical analysis, which is absolutely reliable only in its estimation of basic salts and acids, will not always explain the medicinal effect of a water, and that small quantities of some constituents are often more effective as remedial agents than others that are present in larger quantities. It is an undoubted fact that mauy spring; which, upon chemical analysis of their waters, are found to be not so highly mineralized as the majority of potable waters, have acquired, and rightly, too, great reputations for their medicinal value. That their medicinal value is thus recognized and that they are sources of profit to their owners and also indirectly an addition to the wealth of their localities, seem sufficient reasons why they should be included under the head of mineral springs, from this commercial point of view." It is a common saying that the change in environment, the increased amount of water taken into the system, fresh air, variation in altitude, congenial company, rest froin the hum-drum of daily life, freedom from cares, etc., are the effective agents producing the improvement in health at resorts and not the medicinal effect of the waters. These factors in many cases, no doubt, add much toward the improvement of the health condition of the patient, nevertheless, at the same. time we can not escape from the fact that mineral waters in many instances undoubtedly produce beneficial results. The action of mineral waters, according to Walton, is divided into immediate and remote. The immediate action is that which 
1 Fourteenth Annual Report U. S" Geological Survey, p. 57. 
 
 16 
 
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY or GEORGIA 
 
results within 24 hours after the water is taken into  the system, whereas remote action is much longer delayed, often showing decisive results only after weeks, or possibly in some cases, months. Waters producing remote action are usually those carrying only a small percentage of the active mineral ingredients. Such waters have what may be termed an accumulative effect. As an illustration of this fact, it is well known that by continued use of waters carrying only a very small amount of sodium or magnesium sulphate, chronic inactivity of the bowels and other digestive troubles are alleviated. Arsenic of mineral waters also has an accumulative effect. It is said that by the continued use of waters containing this mineral in less than one hundredth of a grain per gallon the same physiological effect is produced as if taken in mineral doses. It might be further added that the same results can not be attained by adding these ingredients to pure water. This would seem to suggest that synthetic water or water mOanufactured in the laboratory, in which certain ingredients have been added in imitation of well known mineral water, will not produce results similar to the natural water. 
 
CLASSIFICATION OF MINERAL WATERS 
The classification of mineral waters has been much discussed by writers, not only of this country, but also by foreign writers. Schemes of classification have been proposed, based not only on the therapeutic effect of the waters and their chemical ingredients, but. even upon their geographic or geological distribution. Probably one of the best classifications so far devised, and one which is applicable to all kinds of waters, is the one proposed by Dr. j., C. Peale of the U. S. Geological Survey and subsequently slightly modified by Dr. James K. Crook. According to this scheme of classification, all mineral waters are first divided into two major groups, namely, non-thermal and thermal waters. These divisions are further divided into minor subdivisions depending upon their 
 
  CLASSIFICATION OF MINERAL WAJ;ERS. 
 
17 
 
"mineral constituents. The classification here referred to, and the one followed in this report, is here given. 
 
Scheme of Classification. 
 
Group A. Non-thermal or cold springs. 
 
'Group B. Thermal Springs. 
 
 
 
{ Sulphated. 
 
Class I. Alkaline........................... M . d 
 
uriate . 
 
Class II. Alkaline-saline 
 
Sulphated. . { Muriated. 
 
Class :III.. Saline 
 
, 
 
, 
 
{ SUlP~atedd. 
MUriate. 
 
~ Class IV. Chalybeate......................... 
 
Alkaline. Sulphated.. 
Muriated. 
 
Class V. Neutral or indifferent. 
 
Dr. Crook', in his explanation of the different classes of waters here given makes, in part, the following statements: 
"I. The alkaline springs include all those which are characterized by the presence of the alkaline carbouates, as the carbonates of the alkalies, the alkaline earths, and the alkaline metals. Generally; . these waters are further distinguished'by the presence of carbonic add gas, and may thus be additionally designated as carbonated. Nearly half the alkaline springs .of the United States are calcic-alkaline-i. e., they contain calcium carbonate or bicarbonate as a' predominant ingredient. 
"II. The 'alkaline-saline waters include all those in which there is a combination of alkaline carbonate. with the sulphates or chlorides on anything like equal terms. 
1 Mineral Waters of the United States and Their Therapeutic Uses, pp. ar.ss, 
 
 is 
 
GEOLOGIGA.L SURVEY OF GEORGU 
 
"III. The saline waters include those in which sulphates or chlorides predominate. They are about one-third more numerous in the United States than alkaline waters. A majority of the springs usually classed as purgative or aperient would fall under the head of sulphated salines. Under the head of muriated salines.. all the brines would fall, as they are characterized by the presence of sodium chloride. Any. of these springs may be sadie-sulphated or sodic-muriated, or calcic-sulphated. or calcic-rnuriated. The sodic-rnuriated or chloride of sodium waters constitute 88 per cent. of the muriated saline springs of the United States. 
"IV. The chalybeate springs form a large and important class of our mineral waters. In all of them the iron is combined with the sulphates, chlorides, or alkaline carbonates. A few of them also contain free acids. We may, therefore, speak of muriated chalybeates, sulphated chalybeates, alkaline chalybeates, acid chalybeates, etc. 
"V. Neutral or indifferent waters. There are a number of springs in this country widely known as resorts, and others extensively used in commerce, which can not in a strict sense be included as mineral springs. Some of these contain not more than two or three grains of mineral ingredients to the gallon-less than most of our ordinary potable waters. . These we would designate as neutral or indifferent waters. It may be well to add some of these waters are by no means neutral in a therapeutical sense. They are recommended by medical men who ought to be able to judge' of their 'merits in a considerable range of disorders." 
If a spring is densely charged with solid or gaseous contents it is spoken of as "strong" or "heavy," as a strong alkaline, a heavy saline, etc. If feebly mineralized, it is denominated "mild" or "light," as a mild chalybeate, a light carbonated water, etc. 
hs cold or non-thermal springs are in a great majority, all those not referred to as warm or hot are considered as belonging to this group." 
 
 , 
 
MEDICINAL EFFECT OF MINERAL WATERS 
 
. 19 
 
SOLID AND GASEOUS CONSTITUENTS OF MINERAL WATERS AND THEIR MEDICINAL EFFECT 
The chief solid constituents of Georgia mineral waters, as well as all other mineral waters, are silica, chlorine, sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, aluminum, sulphur, and iron. In addition" to these common constituents there are a number of rarer constituents, such as lithium, bromine, iodine, manganese, arsenic, etc. The chief gaseous constituents are carbon dioxide, sulphuretted hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen. 
The solid constituents above enumerated do not occur separate and distinct in mineral waters, but they are always combined with one another forming well known groups. The most common of these groups are the carbonates, the chlorides, and the sulphates, 
 
C~BONATES 
 
The carbonates, which include calcium carbonate, sodium car- 
 
bonate, potassium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, ferrous car- 
 
bonate, and lithium carbonate, are the most common constituents of 
 
mineral waters. In general, it might be stated that all waters carry, 
 
ing these carbonates, or more properly speaking, bicarbonates, in 
 
considerable quantities, have an alkaline effect when taken into the 
 
system. They are said to stimulate the secretions of the digestive 
 
tract, relieve the super-acidity of the stomach, augment the flow 
 
or urine, dissolve uric acid depo~its, and also correct the acid condi- 
 
tion of the urine, and are considered of special value in fevers, 
 
rheumatism, gout, etc. 
 
<1 
 
Calcium carbonate.-Calcium carbonate, or' carbonate of. lime, 
 
occurs in nature in many different forms, sometimes crystalline in 
 
the form of marble, and sometimes amorphous in the form of 
 
chalk. It is found most abundant in the form of limestone and 
 
constitutes the mineral matter of shells. Calcium carbonate is 
 
readily soluble in water containing carbonic acid, and is therefore 
 
found in greater or less quantities in all spring or well waters. In 
 
its therapeutic effect, calcium carbonate differs from the other car- 
 
 20 
 
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF GEORGIA 
 
bonates in diminishing the secretion'S and producing constipation. The calcic waters are said to often cure obstinate cases of chronic diarrhoea and to di'Sintegrate and eliminate gall and kidney stones. 
Sodium. carbonat" which is one of the most important of all manufactured chemicalproducts, occurs, when pure, in tne form of colorless, transparent crystals, It is manufactured at present from sodium chloride (common salt). and is used in large quantities in the manufacture. of soap, glass, bread, etc. When taken into the system, sodium carbonate tends to correct all abnormal acid condi.tions of ,the fluids, of the body. Mineral waters carrying sodium carbonate often" give ,satisfactory results in certain kinds of dyspepsia, rheumatism, gout, and diabetes. They also, like the calcic waters,eHminate uric acid deposits. In addition to the medicinal effect, sodium carbonate forms one of the normal constituents of the body, being found in the blood, lymph, and the various secretions-of the mucus membrane. 
Potassium carbonate is one of the main constituents of woodashes, from which it may be extracted by leaching. The impure salt is 'usually called potash. It is a white granular material very deliquescent, that is, readily absorbs moisture from the atmosphere. Potassium carbonate, like the other carbonates; isanti-acid in 'effect, but it is thought to be more energetic in dissolving and removing uric acid from the body. ' 
, Magnesium carbonate.-This ~alt occurs in nature as the mineralmagnesite. It is very- similar to calcium carbonate, both in color and form of crystallization. Dolomite, one of the most' common sedimentary rocks; is 'a'combination of magnesium carbonate and calcium carbonate. Mineral waters containing magnesium carbonate are mild laxatives' arid- the best of alkaline carbonate waters to relieve acid conditions of the stomach and sick headache . when caused by constipation'. Such waters are also said to be used successfully in checking. the formation of acid gravel. 
Ferrous carbonate-e-Iron carbonate is the main active ingredient in chalybeate waters, .giving to them their peculiar astringent 
 
 MEDICINAL EFFECT OF MINERAL WATERS 
 
2f 
 
and ferruginous taste. They are valuable waters for increasing the appetite, for bringing back the normal color to the anaemic, for toning up and in putting new life into the body when run down by overwork. Crook, in discussing chalybeate water, says, that in slow convalescence from acute diseases, the anaemic state resulting from a severe operation or difficult confinement, in all forms of hemorrhage not due to fullness of the blood vessels or fragility of their coats, in amenorrhoea when due to chlorosis, in the debilitating catarrhs, etc., the chalybeate waters may be expected to render valuable aid. 
Lithium carbonate.-Lithium in the form of a carbonate or chloride is occasionally met with in mineral waters, but 'usually in very small quantities. Lithium carbonate dissolves readily uric acid and is therefore recommended in the treatment of uric- acid gravel, gout, and other diseases due to the abnormal accumulation of uric acid in the system. 
 
CHLORIDES 
Chlorides occur in greater or less abundance in all natural waters, the most common combinations being the chlorides of sodium, potassium, calcium, iron, lithium, and magnesium. 
Sodium chloride.-Sodium chloride, or common table salt.. is one of the essential constituents of the body. 'It is found in greater or less abundance in the blood, the bones, and the muscles, as well as in the various secretions of the body. Sodium chloride is a, universal condiment and in order that jhe body may be kept in .a healthy and normal condition it is essential that this salt should be 'Supplied daily. The effect of waters carrying a high percentage of sodium chloride, when taken into the body, are aperient and diuretic. They increase the flow of the bile, pancreatic juice, intestinal fluids, and at the same time improve the appetite and promote digestion. They, furthermore, have an antiseptic effect on the intestines by retarding putrefactive changes. It is said that there 
 
 22 
 
GEOLOGICAL,BURVFJY or GEORGIA 
 
are but few ailments of the stomach, liver and intestines that are not benefited by the use of these saline waters. 
Chloride of potassium is a white crystallized salt found only in small quantities in mineral waters. It most generally occurs in waters carrying sodium chloride, a mineral which it very closely resembles in its effect on the system. 
Chloride of calcium is a crystallized substance formed by treating marble with hydrochloric acid. When exposed to ordinary temperature the mineral soon absorbs so much water from the atmosphere that it is completely dissolved. This salt is often found in saline waters. It is supposed to act as a tonic, besides increasing. the secretion of urine and mucous. Mineral waters carrying calciumchloride are recommended in the treatment of scrofula, eczema" and other eruptional diseases. 
Chloride of iron is only occasionally met with in mineral waters. In effect it is like carbonate of iron, being both an astringent and a 
tonic. Chloride of lithium like the carbonate of lithium, is occasionally 
met with in mineral waters. In this form the lithium of the waters shown in the analyses of this report, has been calculated to conform with the water analyses published by the United States Department 
Of Agriculture. The therepeutic effect of chloride of lithium is sup- 
posed to be practically the same as that of carbonate of lithium. Chloride of magnesium is a bitter salt found in sea water and 
often met with in mineral springs. It is the substance which gives. to the water of the Dead Sea its bitter taste and renders it unfit for drinking purposes. Chloride of magnesium acts on the liver, relieves. constipation, and increases the appetite. 
 
SULPHATES 
The sulphates most frequently found in mineral waters having medicinal value are sulphates of potassium, sodium, calcium, magnesium, aluminum, and iron. When these salts occur in consider- 
 
 MEDICINAL EFFECT OF MINERAL WATERS 
 
23 
 
able quantity they give to the waters a bitter taste and at the same time have a purgative effect. 
Sulphate of potassium is an anhydrous crystallized salt occurring in kainit, a mineral used as a source of potash in the manufacture of commercial fertilizers. The salt is only occasionally met with in mineral waters. Its action on the system is not unlike Epsom or Glauber salts, being purgative in its nature. 
Sulphate of sodium.-This salt, familiarly known as Glauber salts, is one of the most common constituents of mineral waters, It occurs in the natural state as the mineral mirabilite, forming white or yellowish-white effervescent masses in caves, but the commercial supply is manufactured from common salt. The manufactured product is a white crystalline salt having a bitter, nauseous taste. Mineral waters carrying this salt in considerable quantity are active purgatives, but in less quantity they become laxative in effect. Such waters are also said to stimulate the action of the liver and to increase the flow of the urine. 
Sulphate of magnesium, commonly known as Epsom salts, is very similar in effect to that of sulphate of soda. It has a characteristic bitter, nauseous taste and is a more violent purgative than Glauber salts. Mineral waters carrying this salt in greater or less quantity are quite common, and they are regarded of very great value in the treatment of numerous diseases due to the disorders of the liver, stomach, etc. 
Sulphate of calcium occurs in nature as extensive beds known as sulphate of lime, or gypsum. Many spring waters carry this mineral in considerable quantities, but it is supposed to possess little or no therapeutic value, 
Sulphate of aluminum is a crystalline salt soluble in water often met with in waters carrying sulphate of iron.: It frequently occurs in Georgia spring waters flowing from the Devonian black shale which carries much iron pyrites. Waters with the mineral in solution have an astringent effect and are beneficial in the treatment of 
 
 24 
 
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF GEORGI.t1 
 
chronic diarrhoea, and is also considered of value in chronic bron-. chitis,: whooping cough, and lead poisoning. 
Sulphate of iron.-This is a bluish-geen salt which, when hydrated, is called copperas or green vitriol. It often occurs as- . sociated with aluminum sulphate in waters flowing from pyritiferDUS shales. These-waters are effective both as astringents and as. 
tonics. 
 
GASES 
The most important gases in mineral waters from a medicinal standpoint are carbon dioxide and sulphuretted hydrogen. The former gas occurs in a free state in limited quantities in all natural , waters, but the latter is of less frequent occurrence. 
Carbon dloxide.e-This gas, which escapes when limestone and other carbonates are treated with an acid, is an extremely heavy gas, being one and one-half times as heavy as air. On account of its high specific gravity it often collects in the low places of caves and mines. It is a gas produced by the combustion of all organic 'Substances, is also set free in the decay of organic ma~ter, and is -exhaled from the lungs of animals in the process of breathing. It is a non-combustible gas, and when taken into the lungs, even in small quantities, produces headache, drowsiness, and other ill effects. r This same gas, which is used in the manufacture of soda- 
water and often occurs in large quantities in ~nineral waters, is not 
only agreeable to the taste, but is also healthful, when taken into the stomach in limited quantities. It has a pleasant, cooling effect, increases the flow of saliva, and aids digestion. The presence of this gas in waters used for bathing purposes is very desirable, as it stimulates the skin by producing pricking or stinging-like sensations, and thus accellerates the circulation . 
.Sulphuretted hydrogen.-This gas, also called hydrogen sulphide, is of common occurrence in mineral waters. It is often met with in waters in volcanic districts and is also often found in the waters of artesian wells along the Atlantic coast. It is a colorless 
 
 MEDICINAL EFFEG1' OF MINERAL WAXERS 
 
25 
 
irrespirable gas having the odor of rotten eggs. When the gas 
 
comes in contact with the air its hydrogen readily oxidizes, leaving 
 
the snlphur as a white precipitate or milky colored sediment in the 
 
water, Dr. Crook,' in speaking of the medicinal effect of mineral, 
 
waters charged with, sulphuretted hydrogen, says: "It can not be 
 
disputed that these waters promote the activity of the bowels ,and 
 
kidneys, They are highly advocated by medicinal practitioners of 
 
experience in rheumatism, gout, chronic synovitis, white swelling, 
':" 
and skin diseases. Many of the sulphur springs are celebratei:l.in 
 
the treatment of chronic malarial infections accompanied by an 
 
enlarged spleen and liver, and in hapatis congestion, abdominal 
 
plethora and hemorrhoids." 
 
, 
 
Besides internal use, sulphuretted water has an extended use for 
 
bathing purposes. 
 
OTHER MINERALS 
 
Silica.-'This is a very common constituent of mineral waters and in .a number of Georgia waters p~t on the market it is one of the most abundant minerals. The medicinal effect of this ingredient, as it occurs in mineral waters, has apparently. been but little investigated. It has. been suggested that it is possibly of some value in the treatment of cancer. It has also been claimed to reduce the 
 
albumen and sugar in urine. 
 
. 
 
Iodine and bromine are occasionally met with in saline waters. 
 
Such waters have a sedative effect and are recommended in the treatment of scrofula, syphilis, goiter, and diseases produced by the disorders of the lymphatics. They are also of value in eradicating poisons from the body, 
Arsenic.-This mineral is of frequent occurrence in waters flowing from pyritiferous mines as well as in natural springs. The arsenic 
 
apparently originates from the decomposition of arsenic pyrites. The medicinal effect of such waters is to produce a gradual change 
 
1 Mineral Waters of the United States and Their Therapeutic Uses. pp. 47-48. 
 
 GEOLOGIOAL SURVEY OF GEORGIA 
in the system, which increases the appetite and promotes digestion.. They are, furthermore, of value in the treatment of cutaneous diseases. 
For a more extensive discussion of the medicinal value of mineral waters, the reader is referred to the following publications: 
Mineral Waters of the United States and their 'rherapeutic Uses, by aemee. 
K. Cook; Mineral Springs of the United States and Canada, by Geo. E.Waltonj Mineral Springs of North America, by J. J. Moorman; Mineral Springs ofGeorgia, by J. -R. Duggan. 
GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF MINERAL SPRINGS 
By an examination of the accompanying map it wiU be noticed that the mineral springs of Georgia are most abundant in the northern part of the State. This is largely due, no doubt, to differences 
,in geological formations. The southern part of the State is made 
up entirely of unaltered Cretaceous and Tertiary sediments, while in the northern part occur the much faulted and wbolly or partly altered Paleozoics and Crystallines. The latter rocks, in many cases, are of igneous origin, which have been more or less metamorphosed chiefly by the action of mineralized waters. Another explanation of the prevalence of mineral springs jn the northern part of the State or rather their development is the climate condition which .has much to do in the location of summer resorts, the usual outgrowth of the mineral springs. In South Georgia the more promising mineral waters are those derived from artesian wells, but at the same time both chalybeate and sulphur springs occur quite' widely distributed, throughout that section of the State, but only in a few instances have efforts been made to develop them. 
 
  I 
I 
 
DESGRIPTIONS OF INDIVIDUAL SPRINGS 
 
ADAMS MINERAL SPRING 
 
HABERSHAM COUNTY 
Adams Mineral Spring is located just below the dam forming Demorest Lake. It is a rather bold chalybeate spring forming a copious precipitate of brownish-red iron oxide about the spillway. It has been suggested that this spring is only a seepage from the lake above; however, it is claimed that the spring was in existence prior to the construction of the darn. The amount.of iron carbonate in this water is unusually large for a Georgia spring, there being only a few springs so far known in the State which carry a higher 
 
percentage-. The water from this spring is largely used as a mineral water, 
it being especially. popular with the summer boarders who visit 
 
Demorest. 
 
ANALYSIS ADAMS MINERAL SPRING 
 
Ohalybeate 
 
Parts per 
 
CONSTITUENTS DETER~NED 
 
Silica (SiO,) ...................... 
 
Chlorine (Oi) .......... 
 
Sulphur trioxide (80s) 
 
. 
 
Carbon dioxide (C02)  Sodium oxide (Na,O) ............... 
 
Potassium oxide (~O) 
 
. 
 
Lime (CaO) 
 
. 
 
Magnesia (MgO) 
 
. 
 
Alumina (AJ,O,) ................. 
 
Ferrie oxide (Fe20s) : 
 
. 
 
~anganous oxide (~O) 
 
. 
 
million 
9.3 10.0 12.3 66.0 
7.0 1.0 17.0 5.0 3.0 45.0 1.0 
 
Grains per U. S. gallon 
.540 .583 .707 3.849 .408 .058 .991 .291 .175 2.624 .058 
 
PROBABLE COMBINATIONS 
Potassium chloride Sodium chloride 
 
. 
 
1.5. 
 
. 
 
13.2 
 
.087 1.773 
 
 !8 
 
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF GEORGIA 
 
Calcium carbonate 
 
. 
 
Magnesium carbonate 
 
. 
 
Magnesium chloride 
 
. 
 
Aluminum sulphate 
 
. 
 
Ferrous carbonate 
 
. 
 
Manganese carbonate ............... 
 
Silica 
 
. 
 
Total solids Free carbon dioxide 
 
". . 
 
30.3 9.9 1.8 15.3 65.2 2.2 9.3 
148.7 21.6 
 
1.773 .577 .105 .892 
3.802 .128 .542 
9.679 1.259 
 
ALBANY ARTESIAN WELL 
DOUGHERTY COUNTY 
The artesian well here referred to, which furnishes a water that might be designated a mineral water, is located at the Albany water works pumping station. The water-bearing stratum from which this water is supplied was struck at 1,310 feet from the surface. The flow was 50 gallons per minute and the temperature. 78 F. Originally this water was allowed to mix with the waters from the other water-bearing stratum above, but at present it is cased off and is delivered in a separate pipe to the surface. 
 
ANALYSIS ALBANY ARTESIAN WELL 
Alkaline-sadie. Carbonatea 
 
CONSTITUENTS DETER:MINED 
 
Silica (Si02 )  
 
Chlorine (01) 
 
. 
 
Sulphur trioxide (803 )  
 
Carbon dioxide (CO~) 
 
. 
 
Sodium oxide (Na~O) 
 
. 
 
Potassium oxide (K::O) 
 
. 
 
Lime (CaO) 
 
; 
 
. 
 
Magnesia (MgO) 
 
. 
 
Phosphorus' pentoxide (P~05) 
 
. 
 
Iron oxide and alumina (Fe~03 & AI~03) 
 
Parts per million 
13.62 69.36 1.22 677.00 623.76 34.72 6.00 3.00 trace 1.75 
 
PROBABLE COMBINATIONS 
Potassium chloride Sodium chloride Sodium sulphate Sodium phosphate 
 
. 
 
55.03 
 
. 
 
71.09 
 
. 
 
2.16 
 
. 
 
trace 
 
Grains per U. S. gallon 
.794 4.045 
.070 39.480 36.376 2.024 
.350 .175 trace .102 
3.209 4.146 
.126 trace 
 
 DESCRIPTIONS OF INDIVIDUAL SPRINGS 
 
'29 
 
Sodium carbonate Manesium carbonate Calcium carbonate Alumina and iron oxide 'Silica 
 
Total solids 
 
Free carbon dioxide 
 
' 
 
. 998.71 
 
. 
 
6.30 
 
. 
 
10.71 
 
. 
 
1.75 
 
. 
 
13.62 
 
. 1,159.37 . 254.43 
 
58.243 .367 .625 .102 .794 
67.612 14.838 
 
ARGON SPRING 
TALIAFERRO COUNTY' 
This spring, known also as the "Anti-Nausea Spring," is located on the Washington branch of the Georgia Railroad in the eastern part of Taliaferro County, about one-fourth mile from Hillman station. It is only a few yards from the so-called "Hillman Electric Rock," which is claimed to have performed some remarkable cures by its shocks. 
The spring is situated on low ground, at the base of a hill of quartzose schist. It is surrounded by a curb, and is also protected by a small house. The flow of the spring is somewhat variable, but Mr. Hillman estimated that the average is about 150 gallons per hour. Some years ago there was a large hotel near the spring for the entertainment of guests, but it was destroyed by fire and there now remain only a few small buildings. 
 
ANALYSIS ARGON SPRING 
 
Light alkalinecalcic-sodic 
 
CONSTITUENTS DETERMINED 
 
Parts per million 
 
Silica (SiO,) ,....................... 
 
Chlorine (01) 
 
Sulphur trioxide (SO,) '.............. 
 
Carbon dioxide (CO2 )  
 
Sodium oxide (NR,;O) 
 
:.......... 
 
Potassium oxide (K:O) 
 
Lime (CaO) 
 
Magnesia (MgO) 
 
Alumina (Al:Os) 
 
Ferrie oxide (Fe:Os) 
 
39.42 6.30 1.20 74.32 13.05 2.45 
10.31 4.05 .45 .80 
 
Grains per U. S. gallon 
2.299 .367 .070 
4.334 .761 .143 .601 .236 .026 .047 
 
 30 
 
GEOLOGICAL SUBVEY OF GEOBGIA 
 
PROBABLE COMBINATIONS 
 
Potassium chloride 
 
Sodium chloride 
 
Sidium sulph-ate 
 
Sodium carbonate 
 
Calcium carbonate 
 
Magnesium carbonate 
 
Aluminum sulphate 
 
' 
 
Ferrous carbonate Silica 
 
Total solids Free carbon dioxide 
 
. 
 
3.89 
 
. 
 
7.32 
 
. 
 
.35 
 
. 
 
13.49 
 
'. 
 
18.41 
 
. 
 
8.50 
 
. 
 
1.49 
 
. 
 
1.16 
 
. 
 
39.42 
 
. 
 
94.03 
 
. 
 
55.73 
 
.227 .427 .020 .787 1.074 .496 .087 .068 2.299 
5.485 3.250 
 
ARTESIAN-LITHIA WELL 
 
COBB COUNTY 
 
This is one of a group of mineral wells located near 
 
Sweetwater Creek, three-fourths mile northwest of Austell. The 
 
well has a diameter of 2 inches and is reported to have attained a depth of 900 feet. It is said to furnish by pumping several gallons 
 
per minute. The water is chiefly used as a mineral water and in 
 
the last few years has been extensively sold in Atlanta and else- 
 
where. Artesian-Lithia well, together with Sulpha-Magnesia 
 
Artesian Well near by, was put down about 20 years ago with the hope of locating anthracite coal. As no coal was found, the wells were later turned to commercial use by putting their waters on the 
 
market. 
 
ANALYSIS ARTESIANLITHIA WELL Muriated-sali1Ie. L,~thic 
 
Parts per 
 
CONSTITUENTS DETERMINED 
 
million 
 
Silica (SiO,) 
 
.. 
 
Chlorine (01) 
 
. 
 
Sulphur trioxide (S03) 
 
. 
 
Carbon dioxide (C02 )  
 
Sodium oxide (Na:O) 
 
. 
 
Potassium oxide (K:O) 
 
. 
 
Alumina (Al:0a)  Ferrie oxide (F.~03) ..... 
 
Arsenic (As) 
 
. 
 
Bromine (Br) 
 
. 
 
24.30 1,032.00 
148.40 163.30 876.80 
6,40 
.90 .30 trace 14.00 
 
Grains per U. S. gallon 
1.417 60.184 
8.654 9.523 51.133 
.373 .052 .017 trace .816 
 
 DESCRIPTIONS OF INDIVIDUAL SPRINGS 
 
31 
 
Lime (CaO) 
 
, .. , ........... 
 
Magnesia (MgO) .................. 
 
Lithia (Li,O) ............... 
 
169.10 21.40 17.00 
 
PROBABLE. COHBINATIONS 
 
:Lithium chloride 
 
. 
 
PotassiulIl bronrlde ................. 
 
Sodium chloride ................. 
 
. Sodium bromide 
 
. 
 
Sodium sulphate .......... : 
 
. 
 
Sodium phosphate 
 
. 
 
Calcium sulphate '.' 
 
. 
 
'Calcium carbonate 
 
. 
 
Magnesium sulphate 
 
. 
 
. Aluminum sulphate" ............... 
 
Ferrous carbonate 
 
. 
 
:Silica 
 
~ 
 
. 
 
47.00 16.20 1,634.30 
4.00 21.10 
.80 153.20 189.30 
64.20 3.90 
.90 24.30 
 
9.862 1.258 
.991 
.2.741 .945 
.95.309 .233 
1.231 .047 8.934 11.040 3.744 .228 .052 1.417 
 
Total solids Free carbon dioxide 
 
. 2,159.20 
 
. 
 
80,00 
 
125.921 4.665 
 
BAGWELL WELL 
,CATOOSA COUNTY 
This well, which was bored i~ 1901, is located at R. B. Bagwell's residence near the southeast corner of Chickamauga Park and .about 200 yards from Chickamauga Creek. The well has a depth of 232 feet, and is said to penetrate hard rock its entire depth, -except the first 15 feet, which consist of clays. The greater part of 
this rock, judging from the location of the well, is Chickamauga 
.limestone. The water, which is quite saline, is reported to come from within a few feet of the bottom of the well. It rises to within 70 or 80 feet of the surface. At the time of the writer's visit, the -capacity of the well had not been tested, and nothing definite -seemed to be known about the amount of water supply. 
The mineral constituents of the water from the Bagwell Well 
J: .are shown by the following analysis made by Dr. M. McCandless, 
former State Chemist: 
 
 32 
 
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF GEORGIA 
 
ANALYSIS BAGWELL WELL 
 
MuT'iatedsali1J,e-br01nio 
 
Parts pel' Grains per 
 
CONS'.rrTUENTS DETERMINED 
 
million 
 
Silica (SiO,) 
 
. 
 
45.0 
 
Chlorine (01) 
 
.. 40,039.0 
 
Sulphur trioxide (SOD) 
 
, .. 1,271.0 
 
Carbon dioxide (CO,) 
 
. 
 
84.5 
 
Sodium oxide' (Na,O) 
 
. 28,855.0 
 
Potassium oxide (K,O) 
 
. 212.0 
 
Lime (CaO) 
 
. 3,337.5 
 
Magnesia (MgO) 
 
. 2,430.0 
 
Bromine (Br) 
 
. 379.0 
 
Iodine (I) 
 
. 19.5 
 
Lithium oxide (Li,O) 
 
. 
 
62.0 
 
Iron oxide and Alumina (Fe20s & Al 20S) 
 
53.0 
 
U'.S, gallon 2.624 
2,334.994 74.122 4.928' 
1,682.766 12.363 
194.636 141.713 
22.102 1.137 3.616 3.091 
 
PROBABLE COMBINATIONS 
 
Potassium chloride 
 
. 335.0 
 
Sodium chloride 
 
. 54,791.0 
 
IJithium sulphate 
 
. 225.0 
 
Magnesium chloride 
 
. 5,265.0 
 
Magnesium bromide 
 
.' 
 
. 494.0 
 
Calcium chloride 
 
. 4,831.0 
 
Calcium sulphate 
 
. 1,883.0 
 
Calcium carbonate 
 
. 192.0 
 
Sodium iodide 
 
. 
 
23.0 
 
Ferric oxide and alumina .. j  
 
53.0 
 
Silica 
 
. 
 
45.0 
 
. .19.536 . 3,195.301 
13.121 307.044 
28.809 281.734 109.812 
11.197 1.341 3.090 2.624 
 
Total solids 
 
68,137.0 3,973.609 
 
BARTOW SPRING 
BARTOW COUNTY 
Ba~tow Spring is on the right-of-way. of the Western and Atlantic Railroad in the southeastern part of Bartow County about one mile east of Emerson. It is a chalybeate spring having quite a local reputation, but is entirely unimproved. The spring is within one-fourth mile of the old Bartow fnrnace. Dnring the operation of this furnace it is said the water of Ba~tow Spring was more or less extensively nsed. The flow is two gallons per minute. Upon standing the water yields quite a precipitate of yellowish-brown 
iron sesqui-oxide. 
 
 DESCRIPTIONS OF INDIVIDUAL SPRINGS 
 
33 
 
ANALYSIS. BARTOW SPRING 
 
Ohalybeate 
 
Parts per 
 
CONSTITUENTS DETER)[INED 
 
million 
 
Silica (SiG:) 
 
. 
 
7.8 
 
Chlorine (Cl) 
 
. 
 
3.5 
 
Sulphur trioxide (SOa) 
 
. trace 
 
Carbon dio-xide (CO:) 
 
. 
 
40.4 
 
Sodium oxide (N3.:0) 
 
'. 
 
4.8 
 
Potassium oxide (K:O) 
 
. 
 
1.2 
 
Lime (CaO) ...................... 
 
2.4 
 
Magnesia (MgO) 
 
. 
 
2.9 
 
Alumina (AI,O,) 
 
. 
 
1.2 
 
Ferrie oxide (F~OD) ............... 
 
16.9 
 
PROBABLE COMBINATIONS 
 
Potassium chloride 
 
Sodium chloride 
 
Oarclum carbonate 
 
Magnesium carbonate 
 
Aluminum oxide 
 
Ferrous carbonate 
 
; 
 
Silica ." 
 
. 
 
1.9 
 
. 
 
4.3 
 
. 
 
4.3 
 
; .. 
 
6.1 
 
. 
 
1.2 
 
. 
 
23.5 
 
. 
 
7.8 
 
Grains per U. S. gallon 
.455 .204 trace 2.356 .280 .070 .140 .169 .070 .985 
.111 .251 .251 .356 .070 1.429 .455 
 
Total solids" Free carbon dioxide 
 
. 
 
50.1 
 
. 
 
26.0 
 
2.923 1.516 
 
BEALL SPRING 
WARREN COUNTY 
Beall Spring is said to have been discovered in the early part of last century and some crude improvements made as early as 1825. The spring is located in the southwestern part of Warren County, 8 miles from Warrenton and about the same distance from Mitchell, a station on the Southern Railway. The improvements consist of a small hotel of about 20 rooms constructed many years ago. The spring has quite a reputation as a mineral spring and is visited during the summer by a large number of people. The flow is less than one gallon per minute. The water has no odor or any decided taste nor does it yield any precipitate about the drain way. The location is by nature an ideal watering place. The spring is surrounded by a beautiful grove which adds much to the attractive-ness of the place. 
 
 34 
 
GEOLOGIOAL SURVEY OF GEORGIA 
 
A~ALYSIS B;EALL SPRIN~ 
 
Alkaline-calcio Parts per 
 
qONSTITUENTS DETERMINED 
 
million 
 
Silica (SiD:) Chlorine (Cl) Sulphur trioxide (SOs) Carbon dioxide (902) Sodium oxide (Na:O) Potassium oxide (K:O) Lime (CaO) Magnesia (Mg0) Alumina (AI:03) Ferric oxide (Fe:Os) 
 
, .: .. 
 
64.0 
 
: 
 
. 
 
5.2 
 
. 
 
10.5 
 
.. 153.5 
 
. 
 
12.3 
 
. 
 
1.9 
 
. 
 
51.3 
 
. 
 
4.5 
 
. 
 
1.6 
 
", 
 
1.0 
 
PROBABLE COMBINATIONS 
 
Potassium chloride 
 
. 
 
3.3 
 
. Sodium ehlcride .................. 
 
6.2 
 
Sodium sulphate 
 
. 
 
18.6 
 
Sodium carbonate 
 
. 
 
1.5 
 
Calcium carbonate 
 
. 
 
91.6 
 
Magnesium carbonate 
 
. 
 
9.5 
 
Ferrous carbonate 
 
. 
 
1.4 
 
Aluminum oxide 
 
. 
 
1.6 
 
Silica 
 
. 
 
64.0 
 
Grains per U. S. gallon 
3.732 .303 .612 . 8.952 .717 .111 2.991 .262 .093 .058 
'.192 .362 1.085 .087 5.342 .554 .082 .093 3.732 
 
Total solids Free carbon dioxide 
 
197.7 107.1 
 
11.529 6.246 
 
BESSIE TIFT COLLEGE SPRING 
MONROE COUNTY 
. This is a small spring, furnishing about three gallons per minute. It is located near the Bessie Tift College and was formerly used to supply that institution with water. 
 
ANALYSIS BESSIE TIFT COLLEGE SPRING 
 
Neutral 
CONSTITUENTS DETERMINED 
 
Parts per Grains per 
million u. S. galIen 
 
Silica (SiD:) Chlorine (01) Sulphur trioxide (S03) Carbon dioxide (C02) Sodium oxide (Na:O) Potassium oxide (K:O) 
 
. 
 
16.0 
 
.. 
 
4.0 
 
. 
 
2.1 
 
. 
 
19.0 
 
. 
 
, 5.2 
 
. 
 
.3 
 
.933 .233 .133 1.106 .303 .017 
 
  DESCRIPTIONS OF INDIVIDUAL SPRINGS 
 
35 
 
Lime (CaO) 
 
1.8 
 
Magnesia (MgO) ......................6 
 
Alumina (AI,O.) 
 
.4 
 
Fer.rie oxide (Fe:03)  
 
1,8. 
 
PROBABl,E COMBINATIONS 
 
Potassium chloride 
 
.6 
 
Sodium chloride 
 
4.6 
 
Sodium sulphate 
 
3.9 
 
Calcium carbonate .; .. ~ 
 
". . . . . . . 
 
3.2 
 
Magnesium carbonate 
 
1.3 
 
Aluminum oxide 
 
.4 
 
Ferrous carbonate ;............... 
 
2.5 
 
Silica 
 
16.0 
 
Total 
 
32.5 
 
Free corbon dioxide 
 
16.8 
 
.105 .035 .023 .105 
.035 .268 .227 .187 .076 .023 .146 .933 
1.895 .980 
 
BLUE SPRING 
HARRIS COUNTY 
Blue Spring is a very large spring located at the base of Pine Mountain in Harris County about 6 miles southwest- of Hamilton.. The water rises to the surface from a large circular, funnel-shaped cavity, varying from 2 to 8 feet in diameter, and having a. depth. of many feet. The form of this spring is not unlike those frequently met with in limestone regions, and usually designate~ as "well springs," on account of the shape of the cavity through which the water ascends to the surface. The capacity of the spring is about 1,000,000 gallons per day. The water is always clear and is said to be but little affected by the seasons. There was a plan on foot a few years ago to pipe the water of this spring to Columbus, 17 miles distant, to supply the city' with water. 
 
ANALYSIS BLUE SPRING 
 
Neuiral 
 
Parts per 
 
CONSTITUENTS DETEItMINED 
 
million 
 
Silica (SiO,) 
 
. 
 
14.80 
 
Chlorine (OI) .. , 
 
.. 
 
4.80, , 
 
Sulphur trioxide (80a) Carbon dioxide (CO:) 
 
. 
 
4.09 
 
. 
 
72.60 
 
.Grafns per U. S.gallon 
.861 .280 .238 ,4.234. 
 
 36 
 
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF GEORGIA 
 
SOdiUDl oxide (~a,0) ...... 
 
Potassium oxide (K"O) 
 
. 
 
Lime (CaO) ....................... 
 
Magnesia (MgO) 
 
. 
 
Alumina and Ferrie oxide (Al~Oa & F~OI) 
 
Phosphorus pentoxide (P10.) 
 
. 
 
PROBABLE COMBINATIONS 
 
Potassium chloride 
 
. 
 
Sodium chloride 
 
. 
 
Sodium sulphate 
 
. 
 
Sodium phosphate 
 
. 
 
Sodium carbonate 
 
. 
 
Magnesium carbonate 
 
. 
 
Iron oxide and alumina 
 
. 
 
Calcium carbonate 
 
. 
 
Silic~ 
 
. 
 
9.03 2.78 8.63 1.06 4.62 trace 
4.41 4.45 7.26 trace 6.00 2.22 4.62 15.41 14.80 
 
.527 .162 .503 .062 .269 trace 
.257 .259 .423 trace .350 .129 .269 .899 .861 
 
Total solids FTee carbon dioxide 
 
. 
 
59.17 
 
. 
 
62.Q4 
 
3.447 3.618 
 
BLUE RIDGE MINERAL SPRING 
FANNIN COUNTY 
Blue Ridge Mineral Spring, also sometimes called Glover Mineral Spring, is located near and on the east side of the EilijayMorganton public -road about one mile east of Blue Ridge. -Itis a small unimproved spring flowing only about one gallon per minute. The water has a faint odor of sulphuretted hydrogen. The spring is frequented by the summer visitors at Blue Ridge. It has quite a local reputation, but is apparently almost unknown except in Blne Ridge and in the immediate surrounding country. 
 
ANALYSIS BLUE RIDGE MINERAL SPRING 
 
Neutral 
CONSTITUENTS DETERMINED 
 
Parts per Grains per million U. S. gallon 
 
Siliea (SiO,) 
 
. 
 
Chlorine (01) 
 
. 
 
Sulphur trioxide (SO~) .. 0"'    
 
Carbon dioxide (C02 )  Sodium oxide (N~O) .............. 
 
Potassium oxide (~O) 
 
. 
 
13.0, 3.0 2.8 30.0 5.0 1.5 
 
.758 .175 .166 1.750 .292 .087 
 
 DESCRIPTIONS OF INDIVIDUAL SPRINGS 
 
37 
 
Lime (CaO) .................. 
 
2.5 
 
.146 
 
Magneeia (MgO) ................. 
 
1.4 
 
.082 
 
Alumina and ferric. oxide (Al20a& Fe20a) 
 
1.0 
 
.058 
 
PROBABLE COMBINA.TIONS 
 
Potassium chloride 
 
. 
 
2.4 
 
.140 
 
Sodium phosphate 
 
. 
 
trace 
 
trace 
 
Sodium sulphate 
 
:. 
 
5.2 
 
.301 
 
I 
 
Sodium chloride Sodium carbonate Calcium carbonate Magnesium carbonate 
 
. 
 
3.2 
 
.1~5 
 
. 
 
2.0 
 
.116 
 
. 
 
4.5 
 
.266 
 
. 
 
2.9 
 
.172 
 
Alumina and iron oxide 
 
. 
 
1.0 
 
.058 
 
8ilica 
 
. 
 
13.0 
 
.758 
 
Total solids Free carbon dioxide 
 
. 
 
1.996 
 
. 
 
1.488 
 
BOOTH WELL 
CLINCH COUNTY 
This is a driven well 15 feet deep and 2 inches in diameter, located on land lot 505, 7th district, Clinch County, 3 miles south of Argyle. The water is said to rise within one foot of the surface. It is reported to have a sulphurous odor and to yield, on standing, a brownish precipitate. The water is claimed by its owner to possess healing properties; however, its reputation seems to be only local. No effort, apparently, has been made to put the water on the market. 
 
ANALYSIS BOOTH WELL 
 
Chalybeate 
 
CONSTITUENTS DETERMINED 
 
Silica (SiO,) 
 
. 
 
Chlorine (Cl) ...................... 
 
Sulphur trioxide (80,) 
 
:. 
 
Carbon dioxide (C02)  Sodium oxide (Na,O) ........... 
 
Potassium oxide (K20) 
 
. 
 
Lime (CaO) ....................... 
 
Magneeia (MgO) .......... : 
 
. 
 
Alumina (Al20a)  
 
Ferric. oxide (Fe20,) 
 
. 
 
Parts per million 7.7 10.0 1.2 104.0 6.2 .4 1.2 .9 .5 
13.~ 
 
Grains per U. S. gallon 
.449 .583 .070 6.065 .362 .023 .1)'tO 
.052 .029 
-.158. 
 
 38 
 
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF GEORGI.L1 
 
PROBABLE COMBINATIONS 
 
Potassium chloride 
 
Sodium chloride 
 
'.' 
 
Magnesium chloride 
 
Caleium Chloride 
 
Aluminum sulphate Ferrous carbonate 
 
Silica 
 
Total solids FTee carbon dioxide Organic matter 
 
. 
 
.6 
 
. 11.7 
 
. 
 
1.5 
 
. 
 
2.3 
 
. 
 
1.7 
 
. 
 
18.9 
 
. 
 
7.7 
 
. 
 
44.4 
 
. 
 
96.8 
 
. 
 
25.0 
 
.035 .682 .087 .134 .099 1.102 .449 
2.588 5.645 1.458 
 
BOOZ WELL 
 
POLK COUNTY 
 
This well, which is 40 feet deep, is located in the back yard 
 
of the Booz Hotel in Cedartown, the county site of Polk County. 
 
The water is said to come from a fissure in the limestone rock at 
 
the bottom of the well. In addition to supplying the hotel for 
 
domestic use the water is also used to a limited extent for medicinal 
 
purposes. The proprietor of the hotel takes great pride in calling 
 
the attention of his guests to the supposed medicinal properties of 
 
this water and by this means has given the water a rather wide 
 
advertisement. The high percentage of chlorine in this water 
 
would seem to indicate that it is possibly contaminated. However, 
 
as chlorine. is often found in considerable abundance in waters 
 
from the Chickamauga limestone, the formation from which the 
 
Booz well receives its water supply, surface contamination may 
 
not" exist. 
 
ANALYSIS BOOZ WELL Alkaline-saline-calcic-magnesio 
 
CONSTITUENTS DETERMINED 
 
Parts per million 
 
Siliea (SiO,) ...................... Chlorine (01) ...................... Sulphur trioxide (S03) Carbon dioxide (C02)  Sodium oxide (Na:O) Potassium oxide (K,O) .......... 
 
13.4 75.2 
8.8 166.6 
74.8 1.7 
 
Grains per U. S. gallon 
.781 4.385 
.513 9.704 4.362 
.099 
 
 DESCRIPTIONS OF INDIVIDUAL SPRINGS 
 
89 
 
Lime (CaO) .....   .     . . . .    .  Magneeia (MgO) .............. Alumina (AJ.O.) ................ Ferrie oxide (Fe::Oa) 
 
PROBABLE COMBINATIONS 
 
Potassium chloride 
 
Sodium chloride 
 
".......... 
 
Sodium sulphate ........... :..... 
 
Sodium carbonate 
 
Calcium carbonate 
 
Magnesium carbonate 
 
Aluminum oxide 
 
Ferrous carbonate _. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
 
Silica 
 
Total solids ................ Free carbon dioxide ..... ~ . . . . . . . . . . . . 
 
85;8 88.6 
.8 1.5 
2.7 
111.~ 
15.6 28.7 63.0 70.6 
.8 2.2 13.4 
808.9 89.1 
 
2.058 1.959 .Of6 
.087 
.157 6.526 
.910 1.674 8.674 4.117 
.041> .128. 
/' 
.781 
18.01~ 
5.196 
 
BOWDEN LITHIA SPRING' 
DOUGLAS COUNTY 
Bowden Lithia Spring, formerly known as "Salt Spring," is located near Lithia Springs station on the Southern Railway, 21 miles northwest of Atlanta. Prior to the settlement of that part of the country by the whites the spring was known to the Cherokee Indians as a "deer lick," so-called from the frequent visits of deer to the spring to lick the rocks in order to obtain salt. Some years ago, shortly after the present company obtained possession of the property, an effort was made to increase the capacity of the spring by blasting. The result of this work was ruinous to the spring, owing to a stream of fresh water having been struck.' This mishap led to the opening of the spring now in use, which is situated only a few hundred feet from the original spring. This spring flows into a large basin, blasted out of the granitoid rock, forming " reservoir. The basin is surrounded by a substantial wall of masonry which is protected above by a glass covering. Connected with the basin is an overflow pipe and two other pipes, the latter being connected with pumps which draw the water from the basin as it 
1. SInce this was written considerable money has been expended In improving this spring. 
 
 
 
 ~o 
 
GEOLOGICAL 8URPEY OF GEORGIA 
 
is used. The sauitary conditions of the spring seem to. be well nigh perfect and every precaution is taken to keep the water during the 
 
rainy season from being diluted by seepage. The capacity of the Bowden Spring at present is about 3 
gallons per minute. The water flows into the artificial basin 
 
through small fissures in the granitoid rock. From a financial 
 
. point of view, the Bowden Lithia spring is, so far, one of the most important mineral springs in the State. The water has an extensive 
 
sale throughout the South, and it is also kept on sale in many of the northern cities. Recently the Sweetwater Park Hotel, belonging to the Bowden Lithia Springs Water Company, and having a 
 
capacity of 300 guests, was burned, so at present accommodations can only be had at Austell, which is only a short walk from the 
 
sprmg. 
 
ANALYSIS BOWDEN LITHIA SPRING 
 
Mur-iated-saline. Lithic 
 
CONSTITUENTS DETER:MINED 
 
Parts per million 
 
Siliea (8i02 ) 
 
             
 
Chlorine (01) 
 
.. 
 
Sulphur trioxide (80s) 
 
. 
 
Carbon dioxide (CO:) : 
 
. 
 
Sodium oxide (Na:O) 
 
. 
 
Potassium oxide (K::O) 
 
. 
 
Lime (CaO) 
 
. 
 
Magnesia (MgO) 
 
. 
 
Alumina (Al:O a) ... Ferric oxide (F~08) .... , .......... 
 
Phosphorus pentoside (P20~) 
 
. 
 
Arsenic (As) 
 
. 
 
Bromine (Br) 
 
. 
 
~anganous oxide (]dnO) 
 
. 
 
Baryta (Ba,O) 
 
. 
 
Lithia (Li:O) 
 
. 
 
32.60 1,101.60 
151.20 129.80 946.00 
24.50 163.40 15.30 
2.50 1.50 
.20 .10 20.70 .20 .20 12.00 
 
Grains per U. S. gallon 
1.901 64.243 8.818 7.570 55.169 
1.429 9.529 
.892 .146 .087 .012 .006 1.207 .012 .012 .700 
 
PROBABLE COMBINATIONS 
 
Lithium chloride 
 
. 
 
Potassium chloride 
 
: 
 
. 
 
Potassium bromide .............. 
 
Bodlum hloriae 
 
. 
 
Sodium sulphate 
 
. 
 
Sodium phospbate 
 
. 
 
34.00 .30 
30.80 1,785.00. 
.30 .80 
 
1.983 .018 
1.796 104.098 
..018 .047 
 
 (i 
I 
I I 
 
DESCRIPTIONS OF INDIVIDUAL SPRINGS 
 
41 
 
Sodium arsenate 
 
. 
 
Magnesium sulphate 
 
. 
 
Calcium sulphate 
 
. 
 
Calcium carbonate 
 
. 
 
Barium sulphate 
 
. 
 
Manganese carbonate 
 
. 
 
Aluminum sulphate ................ 
 
Ferrous carbonate 
 
. 
 
Silica 
 
. 
 
.40 45.90 183.90 156.60 
.30 .50 10.90 4.40 32.60 
 
Total solids Free carbon dioxide 
 
2,286.70 70.90 
 
.023 2.677 10.725 9.133 
.01" .029 .636 .257 1.901 
133.359 4.135 
 
BOWDEN LITHIA SPRING NO. 2 
DOUGLAS COUNTY 
This spring, often called the "Old Spring," is located about 300 feet north of the main Bowden spring near a small branch. The spring was originally used, but was finally abandoned. Some 3 or 4 years ago when the water supply from the main Bowden Lithia Spring was, not sufficient for the demand the "old spring" was again opened and put in use. The general character of this water is quite similar to the main spring, differing chiefly in the lower percentage of mineral contents. 
 
ANALYSIS BOWDEN LITHIA SPRING No. 2 
 
Muriated-saline. Lithic 
 
CONSTITUENTS DETEItMINED 
 
Parts per Grains per 
million u. S. gallon 
 
Silica (SiO,) Chlorine (01) Sulphur trioxide (SOa) Carbon dioxide (CO:!) Sodium oxide (N3.:l0) Potassium oxide (K20) Lime (C.O) Magnesia (MgO) Alumina (AI20s) Ferric oxide (Fe:OD) Bromine (Br) Phosphorus pentoxide (P:P.) Ldthla (Li,O) 
 
. . . . . . . .. . ~. . . . 
 
48.2 558.0 86.0 152.6 505.0 
8.2 123.6 
11.5 .4 .5 
14.0 .1 
8.0 
 
2.811 32.541 5.015 8.899 29.451 
.478 7.208 
.670 .023 .029 .816 .006 .467 
 
 42 
 
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF GEORGIA 
 
PROBABLE COMBINATIONS 
 
Lithium chloride 
 
',' 
 
Potassium bromide .. : 
 
Sodium chloride Sodium sulphate Magnesium sulphate Oalc.ium sulphate Calcium carbonate Ferrous carbonate Aluminum sulphate Silica 
 
Total solids Free carbon dioxide 
 
. 
 
25.2 
 
. 
 
20.8 
 
. 922.3 
 
. 
 
40.8 
 
. 
 
34.5 
 
. 
 
68.0 
 
. 170.7 
 
. 
 
.7 
 
. 
 
1.2. 
 
. 
 
48.2 
 
1,332.4 77.3 
 
1.470 1.213 53.786 2.380 2.012 3.966 10.322 
.041 .070 2.811 
78.071 4.507 
 
BOWMAN MINERAL SPRING 
 
B1BB COUNTY 
This spring, often referred to as Holton Mineral Spring, is situated within a few hundred yards of the Southern Railway 2 miles north of Holton. It is rather picturesquely located in a dee'p hollow. A shallow catchment basin hewn out of a solid rock is the only improvement. Near the spring are to be seen some huge rocks exposed on the hillside. Formerly this spring is said to have been much visited, but of -recent years it seems to have fallen into disuse. It is a small chalybeate spring furnishing less than one gallon per minute. Upon standing, the water throws down quite a copious precipitate of reddish-brown iron sesqui-oxide. 
 
ANALYSIS BOWMAN MINERAL SPRING 
 
Alkaline-:caJ,cie-Chalybeate 
 
CONSTITUENTS DETERMINED 
 
Parts per million 
 
Siliea (SiO,) 
 
Chlorine (Cl) 
 
Sulphur trioxide (SOs) 
 
Carbon dioxide (C02)  Sodium oxide (Na20) Potassium oxide (~O) .......... 
 
Lime (CaO) 
 
.Magnesla (MgO) 
 
,....... 
 
Alumina (Al 20a) 
 
Ferric oxide (Fe20a) 
 
............ 
 
48.7 5.6 9.9 
141.6 16.4 1.8 36.2 9.8 .8 3.0 
 
Grains per U. S. gallon 
2.840 .327 .577 8.258 .956 .105 2.111 .572 .047 .175 
 
  DESCRIPTIONS OF INDIVIDUAL SPRINGS 
 
43 
 
PROBABLE COMBINATIONS 
Potassium chloride Sodium, chloride Sodium sulphate Sodium carbonate Calcium carbonate Magnesium carbonate Aluminum oxide Ferrous carbonate Silica 
Total solids Free carbon dioxide 
 
. 
 
2.9 
 
. 
 
7.1 
 
. 
 
17.6 
 
. 
 
8.9 
 
. 
 
64.6 
 
. 
 
20.6 
 
. 
 
.8 
 
. 
 
4.4 
 
. 48.7 
 
. 175.6 
 
. 
 
97.1 
 
.169 .414 1.026 .519 3.707 1.201 .047 .257 2.840 
10.180 5.663 
 
BRENAU COLLEGE SPRING 
BALL COUNTY 
This spring, which is owned by Brenau College, is located in the city of Gainesville, about 4 blocks east of the post office. It is a small spring, furnishing less than one gallon per minute. The spring is protected by a stone wall and is mainly used to supply the college park in which it is located. 
 
ANALYSIS BRENAU COLLEGE SPRING 
 
Neutral 
 
Parts per 
 
CONSTITUENTS DETERMINED 
 
million 
 
Silica (SiO,) 
 
. 
 
4.7 
 
Chlorine (01) 
 
.. 
 
3.5 
 
Sulphur trioxide (SO,) 
 
. 
 
.7 
 
Carbon dioxide (C02) ' 
 
Sodium oxide (~a20) 
 
. 
 
12.5 2.7 
 
Potassium oxide (K 20) Lime '(OaO) 
 
. 
 
.6 
 
:. 
 
.8 
 
Magnesia (MgO) 
 
. 
 
1.0 
 
Alumina (Al 20a) 
 
Ferric oxide (Fe20,) 
 
. 
 
. 
 
.5 
 
. 
 
.3 
 
PROBABLE COMBINATIONS 
Potassium chloride Sodium chloride Magnesium sulphate Magnesium carbonate Calcium carbonate 
 
. 
 
.8 
 
. 
 
5.1 
 
. 
 
1.0 
 
. 
 
1.4 
 
', 
 
1.4 
 
Grains per U. S. gallon 
.274 .204 .041 .729 .157 .035 .047 . .058 .029 .017 
.047 .297 .058 .081 .081 
 
 GEQLOGICAL SURVEY OF GEORGIA 
 
Ferrous carbonate Aluminum oxide Silica 
 
. 
 
,7 
 
.041 
 
: 
 
.5 
 
.029 
 
,., .. 
 
4.7 
 
.274 
 
Total solids 
 
. 15.6 
 
.908 
 
FTee carbon dioxide 
 
~ 
 
. 
 
11.0 
 
.641 
 
BROOKS MINERAL SPRINGS 
W ASHlNGTON COUNTY 
This group of springs, 3 in number, is located on the Sandersville-Milledgeville public road near Buffalo Creek, 8}1, miles west of Sandersville. They are on the margin of the swamp and are overflowed by Buffalo Creek during very high floods. Mr. Brooks, the original owner of the springs, claims that 2 of these springs made their appearance about 15 years ago immediately following the subsidence of an overflow from Buffalo Creek. The improvement consists of 6 or 8 roughly constructed cottages which are chiefly occupied by people from Sandersville and the surrounding country for summer outings. The waters from these springs have quite a local reputation as medicinal waters, they are used to a limited extent in Sandersville and Tennille, but none are shipped. 
The flows vary from 1 to 3 gallons per minute. The water from one of the springs, known as the Pine Tree Spring, has a faint odor of sulphuretted hydrogen. 
 
ANALYSES BROOKS MINERAL SPRINGS 
Light alkaline-saline-calcic 
 
CONSTITUENTS DETERMINED 
 
I 
 
II 
 
Parts per Grainsper Parts per Grains per million gallon million gallon 
 
Silica (Si02) _______________ ------ 
CWorine (Cl)___________ --------Snlphur trioxide (SO,) ____________ Carbon dioxide (CO.) ____________ Sodium oxide (NO) _____________ Potassium oxide (K.O) __.,________ 
 
14.2 7.0 9.4 109.8 3.5 1.2 
 
.828 12.9 
 
0408 
 
7.0 
 
.548 
 
8.0 
 
6.204 80.9 
 
.204 
 
3.6 
 
.070 
 
1.6 
 
.752 .408 .46'1' 4.717 .210 .093 
 
 DESCRIPTIONS OF INDivIDUAL SPRINGS 
 
45 
 
CONSTITUENTS DETERMINED 
 
I 
 
II 
 
Parts per Grains per Parts per Grains per million gallon million gallon 
 
Lnne (000) _____________________ Magnesia (MgO) _________________ Alumino (Al ) _________________ 
203 
Ferric oxide (Fe20S) _____________ 
PROBABLE COMBINATIONS 
Potassium chloride _______________ Sodium chloride __________________ Calcium sulphate_________________ Calcium carbonate_______________ Magnesium chloride ______________ Magnesium sulphate______________ Aluminum oxide _________________ Ferrous carbonate ________________ Silica ______'_________________ ..___ 
 
14.2 1.3 
.4 .6 
2.1 6.6 16.0 13.6 2.9 ---- 
.4 .9 14.2 
 
.828 16.5 
 
.076 
 
1.2 
 
.023 
 
.8 
 
.035 
 
.6 
 
.122 
 
2.5 
 
.385 
 
6.8 
 
.933 12.9 
 
.793 20.0 
 
.169 
 
2.3 
 
---- 
 
.6 
 
.023 
 
..8 
 
.052 
 
.9 
 
.828 12.9 
 
.962 .070 .047 .035 
.146 .397 .752 1.166 .134 .035 .047 .052 .752 
 
Total solids _________________ 56.7 Free carbon dioxide ______________ 103.4 
 
3.305 59.8 6.030 71. 7 
 
3.481 4.182 
 
1 No, 1 is what Is known as the Pine Tree Spring, and No, 2 Is a spring about 200 yards from the Pine Tree Spring, 
 
BROYLES MINERAL WELL 
CATOOSA COUNTY 
This well is located within the corporate limits of Ringgold only a few hundred yards west of the depot. It is a bored well 5 inches in diameter and 31 feet deep. The well was put down in 1902 by C. E. Broyles to secure water for household purposes. The water has an irony taste and throws down a yellowish-brown precipitate on standing. 
 
ANALYSIS BROYLES MINERAL "WELL 
 
Alkali11e-calcie-Chalybeate 
 
CONSTITUEN'I.'S DETERMINED 
 
Parts per Grains pel' million U. S.gallon 
 
Siltea (SiO,)  .  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.2 
 
.887 
 
Chlorine (01) .... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.0 
 
.875 
 
; ..c< 
 
Sulphur trioxide (80s) ..... .'.. _~.... 
 
11.0 
 
.641 
 
Carbon dioxide (C02 )  
 
273.1 
 
15.927 
 
Sodium oxide (N~O) 
 
12.3 
 
.717 
 
 46 
 
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF GEORGIA 
 
Potassium oxide (K~O) 
 
. 
 
Lime (CaO) 
 
. 
 
Magnesia (MgO) 
 
. 
 
Alumina (A120a) ........ 
 
Ferric oxide (Fe20a) 
 
, 
 
. 
 
PROBABLE COMBINATIONS 
 
Potassium chloride 
 
. 
 
Sodium chloride 
 
. 
 
Magnesium sulphate - 
 
. 
 
Magnesium carbonate 
 
. 
 
Calcium carbonate 
 
. 
 
Aluminum oxide 
 
. 
 
Ferrous carbonate 
 
. 
 
Silica 
 
. 
 
1.1 124.7 
22.2 6.3 
14.3 
1.7 23.3 16.5 35.1 222.7 
6.3 20.7 15.2 
 
.064 7.272 1.295 
.267 .833 
.099 1.358 
.962 2.047 i2.987 
.267 1.207 
.887 
 
Total solids 
 
_ 
 
Free carbon dioxide ' 
 
. 341.5 . 108.9 
 
19.841 6.351 
 
CALHOUN SPRING 
MONTGOMERY COUNTY 
.This is a small chalybeate spring located in the 'eastern part of Montgomery County near Higgston station. The flows is less than one gallon per minute. The water has an irony taste and th~ows down upon standing a brownish-yellow precipitate. The spring is unimproved. and only known locally as a mineral spring. 
 
ANALYSIS CALHOUN SPRING 
 
Chalybeate 
 
Parts per 
 
CONSTITUENTS-DE~tMINED 
 
million 
 
Silica (Si02)  Chlorine (Cl) ...................... 
 
10.0 2.8 
 
Sulphur trioxide (SOs) carbon dioxide (CO:) .: ' ~ 
 
. trace - 26.0 
 
Sodium oxide (Na20 ) - " Potassium oxide (K 20) Lime (CaO) c.: 
 
: 
 
. 
 
~. 
 
. 
 
2.6 trace 
1.0 
 
Magnesia (MgO) ............... 
 
Alumina (Al:O,) 
 
. 
 
Ferric oxide (Fe:O,) 
 
'.' .. 
 
.2 traee 
43.7 
 
Grains per U.S.gallon 
.583 .163 trace 1.516 .152 trace .058 .012 trace 2.549 
 
 DESCRIPTIONS OF INDIVIDUAL SPRINGS 
 
47 
 
PROBABLE COMBINATIONS 
 
Potassium chloride 
 
. 
 
S-odium chloride ........ 
 
Sodium carbonate .................. 
 
Calcium carbonate ................. 
 
Magnesium carbonate 
 
. 
 
Jrerrous carbonate ................ 
 
Aluminum oxide 
 
. 
 
Silica 
 
. 
 
Total solids Free carbon dioxide 
 
trace 4.7 .2 1.8' .4 68.7 
trace 10.0 
85.8 1.0 
 
trace .274 .012 .105 .023 4.017 
trace .583 
5.014 .058 
 
CARTER'S MINERAL SPRING 
 
GoRDON COUNTY 
Carter's Mineral Spring is located on what is known as Carter's Quarter in the eastern part of Gordon County, near Oakman, a station on the Louisville and Nashville Railroad. The spring is a small chalybeate spring furnishing less 'than one gallon per minute. It is romantically located 'in a deep'ho1l6w near the foothills of Cohutta Mountain and, about three-fourths mile from the old Carter Mansion. There are no improvements, whatever, about the spring. The water is used only locally. Much iron oxide is to be seen in the drain trough which carries the water from the spring. 
 
ANALYSIS CARTER'S MINERAL SPRING 
 
Light alkaline-saline-Chalybeate 
 
I CONSTITUENTS DETERMINED 
 
Parts per million 
 
Silica (SiO,) ................. 
 
28.3 
 
. Chlorine (Cl) 
 
r., 
 
4.2 
 
Sulphur trioxide (SO.) :.......... 
 
22.0 
 
Carbon dtoxlde (CO=) 
 
53.3 
 
Soda (Na,O) 
 
13.0 
 
Potash (K,O) 
 
2.2 
 
Lime (CaO) 
 
19.2 
 
Magnesia (MgO) .. :................. 
 
5.3 
 
Alumina (Al=O.') 
 
...... 
 
3.1 
 
Ferric oDlIe (F~O,) 
 
.... 
 
8.5 
 
Grains per U. S. gallon 
1.650 .245 
1.283 3.108 
.758 .128 1.120 .309 .181 .496 
 
 48 
 
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF GEORGIA 
 
PROBABLE COMBINATIONS 
 
Potassium chloride 
 
Sodium chloride 
 
Sodium sulphate 
 
Megnesium sulphate 
 
Galeium carbonate 
 
Magnesium carbonate 
 
Aluminum oxide 
 
Perrous carbonate 
 
Silica ~ 
 
,_ 
 
Total solids Free carbon dioxide 
 
. 
 
3.5 
 
. 
 
4.4 
 
. 
 
23.6 
 
. 
 
13.1 
 
. 
 
34.3 
 
. 
 
1.9 
 
. 
 
3.1 
 
'.' . 
 
12.3 
 
. 
 
28.3 
 
. 124.5 
 
. 
 
32.5 
 
.204 .257 1.376 .764 2.000 .111 .181 .717 1.650 
7.260 1.883 
 
CASCADE SPRINGS 
FULTON COUNTY 
The Cascade Springs are on Cascade Avenue 6 miles southwest: of Atlanta, being so called from a beautiful waterfall nearby. The' location of the springs is quite picturesque, being situated in adeep rocky gulch surrounded by steep wooded hill slopes. On the' hill-top nearby are a number of cottages and a small, neat, welll arranged hotel for the accommodation of guests. 
There are 2 of these springs, one of which is designated as No.. 1, located the farthest up the branch and the other as No.2. Spring No.1 was originally much used and the water was sold' more or less extensively in Atlanta as a pure drinking water. More' recently this spring has been abandoned and spring No.2 has been' improved and is now in use. The latter spring is surrounded and! protected by a nice stone spring house and retaining walls and iskept in excellent sanitary condition. It has a strong flow, furnish-ing about 5 gallons per minute. The Whitehall-West End car line: extends to within 2;0 miles of these springs. 
 
  DESCRIPTIONS OF INDIVIDUAL SPRINGS 
 
49 
 
ANALYSES CASCADE SPRINGS Neutral 
 
CONSTITUENTS DETERMINED 
 
No.1 
 
No; 2 
 
I Parts per Grains per Parts per Grains per 
million gallon million gallon 
 
Silica (SiO,) _____________________ Chlorine (Cl) ______  ____  ________ 
Sulphur trioxide (S03) ____________ Carbon dioxide (CO,) ____________ Sodium oxide (N.,O) _____________ Potassium oxide (K,O) ___________ Lime (C.O) _____________________ 
Magnesia (MgO) _________________ Alumina (Al'03) ______________ : __ 
Ferric oxide (Fc2Os) _____________ 
PROBABLE COMBINATIONS 
Potassium chloride _______________ Sodium chloride __________________ SodiUInsulphate_________ ~ _______ 
Sodium phosphate________________ Sodium carbonate________________ Calcium carbonate_______________ Magnesium carbonate____________ Aluminum oxide_________________ 
Ferrous carbonate________________ 
Ferric oxide_______________ .:. _____ 
Silica____________________ ___.., ___ 
 
25.5 5.1 5.6 58.8 9.5 4.0 4.9 3.0 .8 .7 
6.30 3.50 9.94 
.20 3.54 8.75 6.60 
.80 
---- 
.70 22.50 
 
1.487 .297 .327 
3.429 .554 .233 .286 .175 .047 .040 
.367 .204 .580 .012 .206 .510 .385 .047 
---- 
.040 1.487 
 
20.0 4.2 3.7 44.0 '4.2 3.6 7.3 4.2 
.7 1.6 
5.7 2.5 
. 6.5 ---- 
---- 
13.0 10.0 
.7 2.3 
---- 
20.0 
 
1.166 .245 .216 
2.566 .245 .210 .426 .245 .041 .093 
.332 .146 .379 
---- . ---- 
.758 .583 .041 .134 
---- 
1.166 
 
Totalsolids __________________ 65.83 Free carbon dioxide __ .,. ___________ 49.90 
 
3.838 2.910 
 
70.7' 36.0 
 
2.539 2.099 
 
CATOOSA SPRINGS 
CATOOSA COUNTY 
Catoosa Springs is one of the oldest watering places in the State. The Indians are said. to have considered these waters of great medicinal value and when they were driven from the country it is reported that they endeavored to' stop the flow of the springs by driving pegs in the fissure of the rock from which the water issued. This group of springs, 12 in number, is located in the eastern part 
 
 50 
 
G<EOLOGICAL SURVEY OF GEORGIA 
 
of Catoosa County, 4 miles east of Ringgold. The nearest railroad station, and the. point at which the hacks meet the trains, is Catoosa Springs station, 2 mi1,~s.~ast of the springs. The springs are all . situated in a basin-like depression covering less than 2 acres. The surrounding country is broken and hilly. Some of the higher hills near the springs attaiu an altitude of 400 feet above the general level of the surrounding' country. Originally there was a very large hotel at these springs which accommodated a large number of guests, but a few years ago the hotel was 'burned, so at present the improvements are limited to a number of cottages and a common dining hall. The springs are all small, none of them furnishing more than 3 or 4 gallons per minute. 
A limited amount of water is shipped from these springs to Chattanooga and other points where it is sold chiefly as a mineral water. 
 
ANALYSIS CATOOSA SPRINGS 
 
Sulphafecl-magM8'ic-saline-calcio 
 
- 
 
1 
 
2 
 
I 
 
3 
 
4 
 
CONS~NTB 
DETERMINED 
 
Parts Grains Parts Grains Parts Grains Parts Grains per per per per per per per per 
million gallon million gallon million gallon million gallon 
 
Silica (Si()2)________ 
Sulphur trioxide (S()3)___________ 
Carhondioxid}:(CO.) Phosphorus pent- 
oxide (p.O.) _____ CWorine (CI)_______ 
Ferric oxide (Fe.03) Alumina (Al.O.) ___ Lime (CaO)________ 
Magnesia (MgO) ___ Potash (Na.O) _____ Soda (K.()-- ______ 
 
18.15 1.058 
632.66 36.895 '122.70 7'15 
trace trace 7.00 .408 2.91 .170 .22 .013 
46132.3'1234,.60927 5.9 .34< 4.0 .284 
 
31.00 1.808 70.00 4.082 16.75 .977 
 
608.00 35.457 762.40 44.462 700.43 40.848 138.28 8.064 181.40 10.579 125.87 7.340 
 
trace trace -------- ------ -------- ------ 
 
5.60 .327 4.90 .286 4.90 .286 
 
3.00 .175 3.40 .198 
 
.60 .035 
 
1.00 .058 '1.0( .058 .60 .035 
 
424.80 24.773 482.4028.133 40825 23.809 
 
80.2 4.682 93.68 5.463 60.00 3.499 
 
11.2 .657 7.57 .441 3.02 .177 
 
' 15.91 .927 16.96 .989 8.00 .467 
 
 DESCRIP1'IONS OF INDIVIDUAL SPRINGS 
 
51 
 
1 
 
2 
 
3' 
 
0  
 
4 
 
PROBABLE 
COMBINATIONS 
 
Parts per 
 
Grains Parts per p'er 
 
Grains per 
 
Parts per 
 
Grains . Parts' Grains per per per 
 
million gallon million gallon million gallon million gallon 
 
Pota.ssium chloride__ 9.33 .544 11.75 .685 10.14 .591 4.78 .279 
 
Potassium sulphate _ Sodium chloride ____ 
 
-------3.52 
 
-----.205 
 
7.14 -------- 
 
.416 
------ 
 
2.00 -------- 
 
117 
-.-._- 
 
-------4.32 
 
----_. .252 
 
Sodium sulphate____ 4.30 .251 36.41 2.123 42.07 2.453 .1..3',.08 .763 
 
Sodium phosphate __ trace trace 'trace trace _.------ ------ ------ -- ------ 
 
Magnesium sulphate 189.90 11.075 240.84 14.045 28L04 16.390 130.00 10.497 
 
Calcium sulphate. __ 847.89 49.447 711.11 4L471 923.54 53.859 970.70 56.609 
 
Calcium earbonate., , 112.26 6.547 212.98 12.421 182.36 10.635 '15.27 890 
 
Aluminum sulphate : ' 3.79 .221 3.35 .195 3.35 .195 L98 .115 
 
Ferrous carbonate___ 4.22 .246 4.35 .254 6.46 .. 377 L14 .067 
 
Silics______________ 18.15 L058 3LOO L808 70.00 4.082 16.75 .977 
 
Total solids ______ 1,193.36 69.594 1,258.9373.418 1,520.96 
 
1,208.02 70.449 
 
Free carbon dioxide. 73.31 4.275 44.58, 2.600 10L 161858..869999 58.69 3.42 
 
1 Epsom Spring, 2 Coffee Spring 3 Buffalo Lithia Spring 4 Cosmetic Spring 2 
 
CAVE SPRING 
 
FLOYD COUNTY 
 
Cave Spring is a very large spring located in a beautiful grove 
 
within the corporate limits of 'Cave Springs. The flow has been 
 
estimated at 3,444,000 gallons per day. The water is used chiefly 
 
for domestic purposes. 
 
Within 
 
a 
 
few 
 
rods 
 
of 
, 
 
the 
 
spring 
 
is 
 
a 
 
l 
 
a.r 
 
g 
 
e 
, 
 
cave which has given the spring its name. 
 
ANALYSIS CAVE SPRING 
 
Alkalinecaloic 
 
Parts per 
 
CO:SSTITUENTS DE'rER:MINED 
 
million 
 
Silica (SiO,) Ohlorine (01) 
 
. 
 
7.3 
 
. 
 
4.2 
 
Sulphur trioxide (SO,) Carbon dioxide (C02) 
 
 
 
2.4 
 
. 
 
90.5 
 
Grains per U. S. gallon 
.426 .245 .140 5.277 
 
 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF GEORGI.tl 
 
Sodium' oxide (~a:O) 
 
. 
 
Potassium oxide (K:O) 
 
. 
 
Lime (CaO) 
 
. 
 
Magnesia (MgO) 
 
, 
 
. 
 
Alumina (Al:\Os) 
 
. 
 
Ferric oxide (Fe:\Os) 
 
. 
 
PROBABLE COMBINA.TIONS 
 
Potassium chloride .............. 
 
Sodium chloride 
 
. 
 
Magnesium sulphate 
 
. 
 
Magnesium carbonate 
 
. 
 
Calcium carbonate 
 
. 
 
Aluminum oxide 
 
. 
 
Ferrous carbonate 
 
. 
 
Silica 
 
. 
 
Total solids Free carbon dioxide 
 
2.6 .8 35.0 18.7 1.5 
trace 
1.3 5,9 3.6 36.8 62.5 1.5 trace 7.3 
118.9 43.8 
 
.152 .047 2,041 1.089 .087 trace 
.076 .344 ,210 2.147 3.645 .087 trace .426 
6.935 2.555 
 
CHALYBEATE f\pRINGS 
MERIWETHER COUNTY 
These sprin!,s are located at the foot of Pine Mountain on the Atlanta, Birmingham and Atlantic Railroad within a few hundred yards of Chalybeate Springs station. They are situated on the edge of a beautiful meadow surrounded by a grove of large oaks. The springs, some years ago, were, the site of a noted summer resort, being much visited by people from Columbus, Macon and elsewhere. At present the springs seem to have somewhat lost their for-mer popularity; nevertheless, they are still much visited and the water is also shipped to a limited extent. Accommodations may be had at private boarding houses and at hotels near the springs. 
There an; a number of springs at this resort, the analyses of only three of which are here given. 
 
 DESCRIPTIONS OF INDIVIDUAL SPRINGS 
 
53 
 
ANALYSES CHALYBEATE SPRINGS Chalybeate 
 
.. 
 
I 
 
II 
 
III 
 
- 
 
CONSTITUENTS 
 
DETERMINED 
 
Parts Grains Parts Grains Parts Grains 
 
per 
 
per 
 
per 
 
per 
 
per 
 
per 
 
million gallon million gallon million gallon 
 
Silica (Si02) ............. 41. 7 Chlorine (cI) ........ 5.2 
Sulphur trioxide (S03)_.. 7.4 Carbon dioxide (C02). _ .105.0 Sodium oxide (NaaO) _. 12.4 
Potassium oxide (K20) ___ 2.7 
Lime (CaO)._ ... 21.7 
~agnesia (MgO)...... 10.0 Alumina (AI.O.) _._._. 1.7 Ferric oxide (Fe203) _____ 4.0 
Manganous oxide (MuO) --"-- 
PROBABLE COMBIN~TIONS 
Potassium chloride _______ 2:4 Sodium chloride__________ 5.1 
Sodium sulphate. 13.1 Sodium carbonate________ 6.8 Calcium carbonate _______ 38.7 Magnesium carbonate____ 21.0 Magnesium sulphate______ ---Aluminum oxide_________ . 1.7 
Aluminum sulphate ______ ---- 
Ferrous carbonate________ 5.8 Manganese carbonate_____ ---Silica ___________________ 41. 7 
 
2.432 .303 .432 
6.123 .723 .157 
1.266 .583 .099 .233 
---- 
.140 .297 .764 .397 2.257 1.225 
---- 
.099 
---- 
.338 - --2.432 
 
37.6 2.193 5.0 .292. 7.0 .408 95.1 5.546 13.7 .799 2.6 .151 28.8 1.680 13.5 .787 .9 .052 6.0 .350 
---- ---- 
4.2 .245 4.9 .286 13.2 .770 8.0 .467 51.4 2.99'7 28.4 1.656 
---- --- .9 .052 
---- ---8.7 .507 ---- -- -37.6 2.193 
 
21.0 1.225 3.0 .175 8.1 .469 64.9 3.785 4.2 .245 2.4 .140 18.7 1.090 10.6 .622 .8 .046 4.8 .280 .4 .023 
3.8 .222 1.9 .104 7.3 .423 
---- ---30.8 1.195 18.2 1.060 6.0 .350 
---- ---2.7 .157 6.9 .406 
.8 .046 21.0 1.225 
 
Total. ______________ 136.3 7.999 Free carbon dioxide ______ 72.0 4.199 
 
I Magnesia Spring 
 
II Sulphur Spring 
 
157.3 9.173 99.4 5.188 51.0 2.974 40.4 2.356 
III Chalybeate Spring 
 
CHAPPELL SPRING 
MUSCOGEE COUNTY 
Chappell Spring, which is locally considered to possess medicinal properties, is located on the side of the Southern Railroad about 2 miles northeast of Columbus. It is an unimproved. spring furnishing several gallons per minute. The chief characteristic of the 
 
 GEOLOGICAL SUBVEY OF GEOBGU 
 
water, from a mineralogical point of view, seems to be its low percentage of mineral matter present. 
 
ANALYSIS CHAPPEL SPRING 
 
Neutra~ 
 
Parts per 
 
CONSTITUENTS DETERMINED 
 
million 
 
Silica (SiO~) .................... 
 
4.9 
 
Chlorine (01) 
 
. 
 
7.0 
 
Sulphur trioxide (SOa) 
 
: 
 
. 
 
1.2 
 
Carbon dioxide (CO:) 
 
. 
 
31.0 
 
Sodium oxide (N~O) 
 
. 
 
4.4 
 
Potassium oxide (K:O) 
 
. 
 
1.1 
 
Lime (OaO) ...................... , 
 
1.5 
 
Magnesium oxide (MgO) 
 
. 
 
.3 
 
Alumina (Al:0a) ....... 
 
.9 
 
Ferric oxide (Fe:Oa) 
 
. 
 
1.0 
 
PROBABLE CQ},{BINATIONS 
 
Potassium chloride ................. 
 
1.7 
 
Sodium chloride 
 
, 
 
. 
 
8.3 
 
Calcium carbonate 
 
. 
 
2.7 
 
Magnesium chloride 
 
. 
 
1.6 
 
Magnesium sulphate 
 
. 
 
1.8 
 
Magnesium carbonate 
 
. 
 
1.3 
 
Aluminum oxide 
 
. 
 
.3 
 
Ferrous carbonate 
 
; 
 
. 
 
1.4 
 
Silica 
 
. 
 
4.9 
 
Grains per U. S. gallon 
.286 .408 .070 1.808 .257 .064 .105 .017 .052 .058 
.099 .484 .157 .093 .105 .076 .017 .082 .286 
 
Total solids Free carbon dioxide 
 
. 
 
24.0 
 
. 
 
28.2 
 
1.399 1.645 
 
CHEROKEE SPRING 
CATOOSA COUNTY 
Cherokee Spring is a bold chalybeate spring located in a narrow valley at the western base of White Oak Mountain (Taylors Ridge), 2 miles east of Ringgold. The spring is said to have been mnch frequented by health seekers a few years ago, but of late years it is only occasionally visited. There are no improvements near the spring except a farm house. The water flows from a fissure in a dark shale and yields quite a copious precipitate of iron sesquioxide on standing. 
 
 DESCRIPTIONS OF INDIVIDU,fL SPRINGS 
 
55 
 
ANALYSIS CHEROKEE SPRING 
.Alkaline-caZ~Zybeat6 
 
CONSTITUENTS I;ETERMINED 
 
Parts per million 
 
Silica (SiD:) 
 
. 
 
Ohlorine (01) 
 
. 
 
Sulphur trioxide (SOa) 
 
. 
 
Carbon dioxide (C0 2 )  
 
Sodium oxide (Na,O) 
 
. 
 
-Potaasium oxide (K20) 
 
. 
 
Lime (OaO) 
 
. 
 
Magnesia (MgO) 
 
. 
 
Phosphoms pentoxidc (P205) 
 
. 
 
Alumina (A120.) 
 
. 
 
Ferric oxide {Fe20a) 
 
'. .. 
 
19.30 4.90 
16.60 123.80 
5.60 
3.40 61.20 
3.60 trace 
1.20 15.20 
 
PROBABLE COMBINATIONS 
 
Potassium chloride 
 
. 
 
Sodium chloride 
 
. 
 
Sodium sulphate 
 
. 
 
Magnesium sulphate 
 
. 
 
Calcium sulphate 
 
. 
 
Caleium carbonate 
 
-; 
 
. 
 
Aluminum sulphate 
 
. 
 
Ferrous carbonate 
 
. 
 
Silica ............................ 
 
5.40 3.84 8.18 10.80 3.35 109.29 4.02 22.04 19.30 
 
Grains per U.S. gallon 
1.125 .286 .937 
7.220 .327 .198 
3.569 .210 
trace .070 .886 
.315 .224 .477 .630 . .195 6.374 '.234 1.285 1.125 
 
Total solids FTee carbon dioxide 
 
. 186.22 . 67.73 
 
10.859 3.950 
 
CLIFF ROCK SPRING 
FULTON COUNTY 
Cliff Rock Spring, which has recently been developed by T. H. McCrea at an outlay of above $5,000, is located within a few' rods of the Roswell public roadvB miles uorth of Atlanta. The spring is beautifully located in a deep picturesque gorge near the edge of a precipitous cliff which has given the spring its name. The improvements consist of a substantially and artistically constructed two-story spring house made of concrete; 'and also a packing or bottling house. Every precaution has been made to insure absolute sanitary conditions about both the spring and the packing house. 
 
 56 
 
GEOLOGlGAL SURVEY OF GEORGIA 
 
The spring furnishes approximately ly.l gallons per minute. The water is used largely as a drinking water. About 200 gallons at present are sold daily. to the various office buildings in Atlanta. 
 
ANALYSIS CLIFF ROCK SPRING 
 
Neutral 
 
Parts per 
 
CONS'l'lTUENTS DETERMINED 
 
million 
 
Silica (SiD:) 
 
. 
 
20.0 
 
Ohlorine (OJ) 
 
. 
 
7.1 
 
Sulphur trioxide (SOa) 
 
. 
 
1.0 
 
Carbon dioxide (CO:) 
 
. 
 
15.0 
 
Sodium oxide (N 3:0) " ~ 
 
. 
 
4.0 
 
Potassium oxide (~O) 
 
. 
 
3.5 
 
Lime (OaO) 
 
. 
 
1.1 
 
Magnesia (MgO) 
 
. 
 
1.0 
 
Alumina (A120a) .: ..... 
 
.4 
 
Ferrie oxide (Fe20s) 
 
. 
 
1.0 
 
PROBABLE COMBINATIONS 
Potassium chloride 'Sodium chloride Sodium sulphate Calcium carbonate .Magnesium sulphate Aluminum oxide Ferrous carbonate Silica 
 
. 
 
6.7 
 
. 
 
6.6 
 
. 
 
1.6 
 
. 
 
2.0 
 
. 
 
1.4 
 
. 
 
.4 
 
. 
 
1.4 
 
. 
 
20.0 
 
Grains per U. S. gallon 
1.166 .414 .058 .875 .233 .204 .064 .058 .023 .058 
.391 . .385 
.093 .116 .081 .023 .081 1.166 
 
Total solids 
/ 
 
. 
 
40.1 
 
2.336 
 
COHUTTA SPRINGS 
MURRAY COUNTY 
Cohutta Springs, a summer resort .of considerable importance, is located on the Louisville and Nashville Railroad in the uorthern part of Murray Couuty. The main 'spring from which the resort takes its name, was known to the early. settlers of Murray County, but it seemed not to have attracted much attention until about 50 years ago, at which time the first log cabin Was built near the spring. .Since that time the spring has been much visited in the summer by the people from Dalton and the surrounding country, 
 
  DESCRIPTIONS OF INDIVIDUAL SPRINGS 
 
57 
 
who in some cases have constructed small cottages near the spring 'for the accommodation of their families. These cottages, together with 2.or 3 small boarding houses, constituted practically all of the improvements in the immediate vicinity of the spring at the time of the writers visit. 
From a scenic point of view, Cohutta Spring is most favorably located. It is within less than 3 miles of Grassy Mountain, which has an elevation of nearly 4,000 feet above sea level and is within a short walk of some- very picturesque gorges and beautiful water falls. 
The spring furnishes 3 gallons per minute and upon standing the water throws down quite a precipitate of brownish-colored iron oxide. 
 
ANALYSIS COHUTTA SPRING 
 
Ohalybeate 
 
Parts per 
 
CONSTITUENTS DETERMINED 
 
million 
 
Saliea (SiO,) Chlorine (Cl) Sulphur trioxide (SO~) 
 
. . 
~. 
 
15.00 7.00 6.53 
 
Carbon dioxide (CO:) 
 
. 
 
28.00 
 
Sodium oxide (N3.:10) .' Potassium oxide (~O) Lime (CeO) Magnesia (MgO) 
 
. 
 
7.09 
 
. 
 
2.05 
 
.. 
 
5.81 
 
. 
 
3.20 
 
Ferric oxide (Fe:Os) 
 
0"'  
 
Alumina (Al:Oa) ... 
 
10.44 1.25 
 
PROBABLE COMBINATIONS 
 
Potassium chloride 
 
. 
 
Sodium chloride 
 
. 
 
Sodiucrn sulphate ................... 
 
Magnesium sulphate 
 
. 
 
~gnesiucrncarbonate ........... 
 
Calcium carbonate 
 
. 
 
Aluminum sulphate 
 
. 
 
Ferrous carbonate 
 
. 
 
Sfltea .......................... 
 
3.25 8.98 5.34 
.87 6.11 10.37 4.19 15.14 15.00 
 
Grains per U. S. gallon 
.875 .408 .381 1.633 .413 .120 .339 .187 .609 .073 
.190 .524 .311 .051 .356 .605 .244 .883 .875 
 
Total solids Free carbon dioxide 
 
. 
 
69.25 
 
. 
 
14.51 
 
4.039  .846 
 
 58 
 
GEOLOGICAL SUBVEY OF GEOBGIA 
 
COLD SPRING 
MERIWETHER COUNTY 
This spring is located at the base of Pine Mountain only a short distance from Bullochville. The spring is one of the largest in the State, having a daily capacity of 2,916,000 gallons. At present the spring is the site of. a United States Fish Hatchery. The water escapes to the surface in a number of "boils" which continuously agitate the white sand .that covers the bottom of the large artificial basin. This basin is surrounded by a substantial wall of masonry. Escaping with the water from the various "boils" there is to be seen from time to time bubbles of air rising from the water. 
Cold spring is probably so-called on account of the contrast in temperature of its water with the tempreature of the water of Warm Spring. The two springs are less than a mile apart, yet there is a difference of approximately 250 in the temperatures of 
 
their waters. 
 
ANALYSIS COLD SPRING 
 
Neutral 
 
Parts per 
 
CONSTITUENTS DETERMI1'o'"ED 
 
Silica (SiO,) 
 
00  00 00 
 
. 
 
Chlorine (01) 
 
. 
 
.Sulphur trioxide (SO.) 00 
 
 
 
Carbon dioxide (C0 2)  
 
Sodium oxide (Na,O) 
 
.. 
 
Potassium oxide (~O) ............. 
 
Lime (CaO) 
 
00 
 
 
 
.. 
 
Magoesia (MgO) 
 
.. 
 
Phosphorus pentoxide (P205) 
 
. 
 
Alumina (A1.,0.) 
 
00 
 
.. 
 
Ferrie oxide (F~03) 
 
. 
 
million 
10.10 4.76 trace 57.60 9.54 1.64 1.00 1.80 none 
.10 1.40 
 
:PROBABLE COMBINATIONS 
 
Potassium chloride 
 
. 
 
Sodium chloride 
 
. 
 
Sodium sulphate ................. 
 
Sodium carbonate 
 
. 
 
. Magnesium carbonate 
 
. 
 
Calcium carbonate 
 
. 
 
A1UlDin~ oxide 
 
. 
 
2.59 5.80 trace 11.06 2.78 1.80 
.10 
 
Grains per U. S. gallon 
.589 .278 trace 8.859 .556 .096 .058 .076 none .006 .082 
.151 .888 trace .645 .159 .105 .006 
 
 DESCRIPTIONS OF INDIVIDUAL SPRINGS 
 
59 
 
Ferrous carbonate Silica 
 
. 
 
2.03 
 
.118 
 
. 
 
10.10 
 
.589 
 
Total solids Free carbon dioxide 
 
. 
 
36.21 
 
. 
 
50.00 
 
2.111 2.916 
 
COX MINERAL SPRING 
, BURKE COUNTY 
The Cox Mineral Spring is in the eastern part of Burke County 9 miles northeast of Waynesboro and 1.0 miles north of Shell Bluff post office. It is situated in a grove near a small branch. The only improvement near the spring, when the writer visited it, was a small dancing pavilion. The spring was well protected by a substantial brick curbing. Water from this spring, in the last few years, has been shipped to Augusta, Savannah, and other points. The flow is 6' gallons per minute. The water is said to be used both for table and medicinal purposes. 
 
ANALYSIS COX :MINERAL SPRING 
 
Alkaline-calcic 
 
Parts per 
 
CONSTITUENTS DETERMINED 
 
million 
 
Silica (SiO,) 
 
. 
 
7.4 
 
Chlarine (CI) 
 
.. 
 
5.2 
 
Sulphur trioxide (S03) .............. 
 
Carbon dioxide (C02)  
 
Sodium oxide (Na,O) 
 
.. 
 
Potassium oxide (K 20) 
 
. 
 
Lime (CaO) 
 
.. 
 
Magnesia (MgO) 
 
. 
 
.4 115.9 
2.2 1.0 70.6 2.2 
 
Alumina (AJ,O,) Ferrie oxide (Fe:Oa) 
 
.. 
 
.3 
 
. 
 
.4 
 
PROBABLE COMBINATIONS 
 
Potassium chloride 
 
Sodium chloride 
 
_ 
 
Magnesium chloride 
 
Magnesium sulphate 
 
Magnesium carbonate 
 
Calcium carbonate AJUIninum oxide 
 
,. 
 
1.5 
 
. 
 
4.1 
 
, 
 
2.7 
 
. 
 
.6 
 
. 
 
3.4 
 
. 126.1 
 
. 
 
.3 
 
Grains per U. S. gallon 
.432 .303 .023 6.759 .128 .058 4.117 .128 .017 .023 
.087 .239 .157 .035 .198 7.354 ..017 
 
 60 
 
'GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF GEORGIA, 
 
Ferrous carbonate Silica 
 
. 
 
.6 
 
.035 
 
. 
 
1.4 
 
.432 
 
Total solids Free carbon dioxide 
 
. 146.7 
 
. 
 
58.6 
 
8.554 3.411 
 
DANIEL MINERAL SPRING 
 
GREENE COUNTY 
Daniel Mineral Spring is regarded by many persons as one of the most important mineral springs in the State. It is located in the eastern part of Greene Connty, 7 miles northeast of Union Point. The spring has long been known, bnt it is only in recent years that the water has been put on the market. The chief points of shipment, up to the present, have been Atlanta and Augusta, With the exception of one or two' small cottages, there are no accommodations for guests. The spring is beautifully located in a lovely grove near the bank of a small stream. 
 
ANALYSIS DANIEL MINERAL SPRING 
 
Su~phated'8aline-711aunesic 
 
Parts per 
 
CONSTITUENTS DETERMINED 
 
million 
 
Saliea (SiD2 )  
 
Chlorine (01) :. ',' 
 
. 
 
43.20 1.50 
 
Sulphur trioxide (S03) 
 
. 933.60 
 
Carbon dioxide (C02)  
 
Sodium oxide (Na,O) 
 
. 
 
95.40 44.40 
 
Potassium oxide (K20) Lime (CaD) 
 
. 
 
5.00 
 
. 636.90 
 
Magnesia (MgO) 
 
. 
 
56.30 
 
Alumina (A120s) 
 
. 
 
.50 
 
Ferric oxide (F~03) ................ 
 
1.00 
 
Phosphorus pentoxide (P20S)  
 
Lithia (Li,O) 
 
' 
 
.. 
 
.20 trace 
 
PROBABLE COMBINATIONS 
 
Lithium chloride 
 
Potassium chloride 
 
Sodium chloride 
 
" 
 
Sodium sulphate 
 
" 
 
Sodium phosphate 
 
Magnesium sulphate 
 
Calcium sulphate 
 
Calcium carbonate 
 
Aluminum sulphate 
 
. . . . . . . . ". 
 
trace 1.92 6.14 94.25 
.40 168.60 1,305.10 111.70 
2.18 
 
Grains per U. S. gallon 
2.519 .431 
54.446 5.564 ,2.589 .292 
36.781 3.283 .029 .058 .012' trace 
trace .462 .360 5.497 .023 9.832 76.111 10.363 "127 
 
 DESCRIPTIONS OF INDIVIDUAL SPRINGS 
 
61 
 
Ferrous carbonate Silica 
 
. 
 
2.90 
 
. 
 
43.20 
 
.169 2.519 
 
Total solids Free carbon dioxide 
 
1,808.39 26.00 
 
DEFORE SPRING 
 
105.463 1.516 
 
TWIGGS COUNTY 
This is a small,appare~tly unimportant spring, located on lot 74, 28th district, Twiggs County, near Dry Branch. The flow is small, but non-failing. There are no improvements. The water is used chiefly for domestic purposes. 
 
ANALYSIS DEFORE SPRING 
 
Neutral 
 
Parts per Grains per 
 
CONSTITUENTS DETERMINED 
 
million U. S. gallon 
 
Silica (SiO,) 
 
. 10.0 
 
.583 
 
Chlorine (Ol) 
 
. 
 
16.0 
 
.933 
 
J 
 
Sulphur trioxide (SOa) 
 
. 
 
Carbon dioxide (C02)  
 
3.2 52.0 
 
.187 3.033 
 
,j 
 
Sodium oxide (Na 20) 
 
. 14.0 
 
.816 
 
Potassium oxide (K20) 
 
. 
 
3.7 
 
.216 
 
Lime (CaO) 
 
. 
 
5.7 
 
.3'32 
 
Magnesia (MgO) 
 
. 
 
2.5 
 
.146 
 
Alumina (AJ,O,) 
 
.. 
 
2.4 
 
.140 
 
Ferric oxide (F~08) 
 
", 
 
. 
 
3.0 
 
.175 
 
PROBABLE COMBINATIONS 
 
Potassium chloride 
 
: 
 
Sodium chloride 
 
: 
 
. 
 
Sodiucm sulphate 
 
. 
 
Magnesium carbonate ............... 
 
Calciucm carbonate 
 
. 
 
Ferrous carbonate 
 
. 
 
Aluminucm oxide 
 
. 
 
Silica 
 
. 
 
Total solids 
 
. 
 
Free carbon dioxide 
 
". 
 
5.9 21.8 
5.8 5.2 10.2 4.3 2.4 10.0 
-- 
65.6 43.2 
 
.344 1.272 
.338 .303 .595 .251 .140 .583 
6.826 2.524 
 
DEMOREST SPRINGS 
 
HABERSHAM COUNTY 
This group of springs, 6 in number, is located in a beautiful park near the center of tlLe..tqwl1_of Demorest. They are all within 
 
 62 
 
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF GEORGU 
 
a few feet of each other and are all protected by a common wall of concrete. Immediately above each spring in the concrete wall is a metallic plate bearing the name of the spring, which is given from the supposed leadirig mineral property of the water. All of the springs furnish a strong flow. The waters from these springs are used for general domestic supply for the town and also by summer visitors, some of whom. claim to be benefited by the use of the waters. 
The analyses of 2 of the waters of these springs, namely, "Freestone Magnesia" and "Freestone Lithia" are here given. 
 
ANALYSES DEMOREST SPRINGS 
Neutral 
 
FREESTONE MAGNESIA FREESTONE LITHIA 
 
CONSTITUENTS DETERMINED 
 
I Parts per Grains per Parts per Grains per 
million gallon million gallon 
 
Silica (SI02)_____________________ 9.6 Ohlorine (01)____________________ 4.6 
 
Sulphur trioxide (S03) ____________ 2.3 
 
Carbon dioxide (00 2)_________ , __ 17.0 Sodium oxide (Na2O)_____________ 3.2 
 
LPoimtaess(iu0r.u0)o_x_id_e__(_K__2_0_)_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_- 
 
1.1 2.8 
 
Magnesia (MgO)____________ -.---- 1.3 Alumina (Ab03) _________________ 2.8 
 
Ferric oxide (Fe2Oa) _____________ 2.8 
 
Lithia (Li20)-------------- ______ none 
 
PROBABLE COMBINATIONS 
 
Potassium ehloride _______________ 2.0 
 
Sodium cbloride__________ "'- _______ 6.0 Sodium sulphate_________________ ---Calcium carbonate_______________ 5.0 
 
Magnesium carbonate____________ 
 
.5 
 
Magnesium suIphate______________ 2.9 
 
Aluminum oxide_________________ 2.8 
 
Ferrous carbonate________________ 4.1 Silica___________________________ 9.6 
 
.560 .268 .134 .991 .187 .064 .163 .076 .163 .163 
none 
.117 .350 -- -.291 .029 .169 .163 .239 .560 
 
10.0 4.6 7.0 20.0 4.7 2.4 3.4 2.0 2.0 2.3 
none 
4.2' 3.9 6.2 6.0 
.8 5.2 2.0 3.3 10.0 
 
.583 .268 .408 1.116 .274 .140 .198 .117 .117 .134 
none 
.245 .227 .362 .350. .047 .303 .117 .192 .583 
 
Total solids .,';_______________ 32.9 Free carbon dioxide______________ . - 11.6 
 
1.918 
 
41.6 
 
.676 - 14.0 
 
2.426 .816 
 
  DESCRIPTIONS OF INDIVIDUAL SPRINGS 
 
63 
 
DIXON SULPHUR SPRING 
WILKINSON COUNTY 
This spring, formerly known as Myrtle Spring and more recently as Cannon Spring, is located within a few rods of the Central of Georgia Railway about 1 mile from Toomsboro. The spring has long been known as a mineral spring and at one time had quite a reputation, but for want of improvements it has apparently lost its former reputation and is but little used. The water is said to have a distinct odor of sulphuretted hydrogen. The flow is 3 gallons per minute. There is no improvement at present for the accommodation of guests. 
 
ANALYSIS DIXON SULPHUR SPRING 
 
Alkaline-saline-calcic. SulphuTettea 
 
Parts per 
 
CONSTITUENTS DETEltMl::'1"ED 
 
million 
 
Silica (SiO,) ................... 
 
21.0 
 
Chlorine (Cl) 
 
10.0 
 
Sulphur trioxide (80s) 
 
12.0 
 
Carbon dioxide (CO:) 
 
44.3 
 
Sodium oxide (N~O) .............. 
 
5.4 
 
Potassium oxide (K 20) 
 
.6 
 
Lime (CaO) 
 
21.3 
 
Magnesia (MgO) 
 
3.3 
 
~lumina (AJ20 S) .. 
 
.8 
 
Ferrie oxide (Fe203) 
 
1.0 
 
Grains per 
tr, S. gailon 
1.224 .583 .700 
2.583 .315 ..035 
1.242 .192 .Q47 .058 
 
PROBABLE COMBINATIONS 
Potassium chloride Sodium chloride Calcium sulphate Calcium carbonate Magnesium sulphate Magnesium chloride Aluminum oxide Ferrous carbonate Silica 
 
. 
 
1.0 
 
. 
 
10.4 
 
. 
 
11.9 
 
. 
 
29.2 
 
. 
 
4.5 
 
. 
 
4.4 
 
. 
 
.8 
 
. 
 
1.5 
 
' 21.0 
 
.558 .606 .693 1.703 .262 .257 .Q47 .087 1.224 
 
Total solids 
 
. 
 
87.4 
 
FTee carbon dioxide .............. 26.0 
 
4.937 1.516 
 
 64 
 
GEOLOGICAL. SURVEY OF GEORGIA 
 
DUCKETT SPRING 
W H1TF1ELD COUNTY Duckett Spring is located on Lot 210, 12th district, Whitfield County about 5 miles due east of Dalton, the nearest railroad station. The spring is said to be of medium size and to furnish water having a faint odor of sulphuretted hydrogen. There are no improvements. The water is used chiefly for domestic purposes, but it is supposed by its owner to have medicinal properties. 
 
ANALYSIS DUCKETT SPRING Alkaline-calcic. Carb011uteil 
Parts per 
 
CONSTrfUEN'l'S DETERMINED 
 
million 
 
Silica (SiD,) 
 
Chlorine (01) 
 
Sulphur trioxide (SOs) Carbon dioxide (~02) 
 
Sodium oxide (Na 20) Potassium oxide (K:O) 
 
Lime (OaO) 
 
Magnesia (MgO) 
 
:.... 
 
Alumina (Al:Oa) ....... Ferrie oxide (F~03) 
 
9.0 4.0 1.2 200.0 3.8 1.0 64.0 35.0 2.1 1.2 
 
PROBABLE COMBINATIONS 
 
Potassium chloride 
 
Sodium chloride 
 
Sodium sulphate 
 
Calcium carbonate 
 
, 
 
Magnesium carbonate 
 
, 
 
Ferrous carbonate 
 
, 
 
Aluminum oxide 
 
Silica ., 
 
" 
 
. . . . . , .. , .. ,.". . 
 
1.5 5.4 2.0 114.0 88.5 1.7 2.1 9.0 
 
Grains pel' U. S. gallon 
.525 .233 .070 11.664 .222 .058 3.732 2.041 .122 .070 
.087 .315 .116 6.648 5.161 .099 .122 .525 
 
Total solids 
 
, 
 
Free carbon dioxide 
 
. 224.2 . 110.0 
 
13.073 64.415 
 
DUKE SPRING 
POLK COUNTY 
Duke Spring is located on lot 146, 1st district, Polk County, about 3 miles north of Dugdown, the nearest railroad station. There are said to be 14 different springs at this place within an 
 
 , 
 
DESCRIPTIONS OF INDIVIDUAL SPRINGS 
 
65 
 
area covering less than a half acre. The spring from which water was .taken for analysis is reported to fnrnish 5 gallons per minute. The improvements consist of a small hotel of :t2 rooms and a bath house. A limited amount of the water is sold, but it is used chiefly at the hotel for drinking and general domestic purposes. , 
 
ANALYSIS DUKE SPRING 
 
.L117caline-calcic 
 
Parts per 
 
CONSTITUEN'l'S DETERMINED 
 
million 
 
Silica (SiO,) Chlorine (Cl) Sulphur trioxide (80s) . Carbon dioxide (CO:) Sodium oxide (N~O) Potassium oxide (K:O) Lime (CaO) Magnesia (MgO) Phosphorus pentoxlde (P:O,) 
 
. 
 
13.3 
 
. 
 
3.5 
 
. 
 
13.6 
 
. 103.2 
 
_. 
 
7.1 
 
. 
 
1.3 
 
.. 
 
49.1 
 
. 
 
15.0 
 
. 
 
.1 
 
Alumina (Al:03)  
 
4.0 
 
Ferric oxide (Fe~03) 
 
. 
 
1.6 
 
PROBABLE COMBINATIONS' 
 
Potassium chloride 
 
. 
 
Sodium chloride 
 
. 
 
Sodium phosphate Sodium sulphate 
 
'-'" 
 
: ..' 
 
. 
 
Calcium carbonate 
 
. 
 
Magnesium carbonate 
 
. 
 
Magneeiuru sulphate 
 
. 
 
Ferrous carbonate 
 
. 
 
Aluminum oxide 
 
. 
 
Silica 
 
. 
 
Organic and volatile matter 
 
. 
 
2.1 4.1' 
.2 11.4 87.7 27.5 10.8 
2.3 4.0 13.3 68.0 
 
Grains per U. S. gallon 
.775 .204 .793 6.019 ' .414 .076 2.864 .875 .006 .233 .093 
.122 .239 .012 .664 5.114 1.604 .630 ;134 .233 .775 3.966 
 
Total solids Free carbon dioxide 
 
. 231.4 
 
13.493 
 
; 
 
. 
 
53.2 
 
3.103 
 
EADY MINERAL SPRING 
HEARD COUNTY 
This spring is on Mill Creek in the northeastern part of Heard County only a short distance from the Chattahoochee River. The location of the spring is quite picturesque, being situated in a 
 
 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF GEORGIA 
 
mountainous-like section and near the beautiful falls on' Mill Creek. Some years ago the spring is said to have had quite a local reputation . as a health resort, but at present it is only occassionally visited. No improvements are near the spring except a small cabin and a mill-house. The flow is only about 1 gallon per minute. The water has a faint odor of sulphuretted hydrogen and yields upon standing a light brownish precipitate. 
 
ANALYSIS OF EADY MINERAL SPRING 
 
Chalybeate 
 
CONSTITUENTS DETERMINED 
 
Parts per Grains per million U. S. gallon 
 
Silica (Si02 )  
 
10.50 
 
Chlorine (Cl) .................... 
 
6.65 
 
Sulphur trioxide (SOli) 
 
. 
 
1.45 
 
Carbon dioxide (C0 2)  
 
'Sodium oxide (Na20) 
 
. 
 
Potassium oxide (K 20) 
 
' 
 
. 
 
45.57 9.40 3.47 
 
/ 
 
Lime (CaO) 
 
: 
 
. 
 
3.65 
 
Magnesia (MgO) .................. trace 
 
Ferric oxide (Fe:O,) 
 
. 
 
8.50 
 
Alumina (AI20,) Manganous oxide (MnO) 
 
. 
 
.25 
 
. 
 
trace 
 
.612 .388 .085 2.658 .548 .202 .213 trace .496 .015 trace 
 
PROBABLE COMBINA'l'IONS 
 
Potassium chloride 
 
:. 
 
Sodium chloride ................... 
 
Sodium sulphate 
 
. 
 
Sodium carbonate Calcium carbonate 
 
. 
 
_ 
 
. 
 
Magnesium carbonate 
 
. 
 
Aluminum sulphate 
 
. 
 
Ferrous carbonate 
 
. 
 
Manganese carbonate 
 
. 
 
Silica 
 
. 
 
5.50 .6.64 2.57 8.14 6.52 trace 
.78 12.32 trace 10.50 
 
.321 .387 .150 .475 .380 trace .045 .719 trace .612 
 
Total Free carbon dioxide 
 
. 
 
52.97 
 
. 
 
34.65 
 
3.089 2.020 
 
ELECTRIC LITHIA WELL T ALLIAJlJlRRO COUNTY 
This well is located at Hillman, only a short distance from Argon Spring previously described. The well is said to furnish 
 
 DESCRIPTIONS OF INDIY.IDUAL SPRINGS 
 
67 
 
about 30 gallons per honr. The water is mainly nsed by the guests 
 
who visit the so-called electric rock near by. A small amount is 
 
~also shipped. 
 
ANALYSIS ELECTRIC LITHIA WELL 
Light alkaline-8aline~calcic ' 
 
CONSTITUENTS DETERMINED 
 
Silica (SiD:) Chlorine (01) 
 
; .. . .. . 
 
Sulphur trioxide (S03) Carbon dioxide (CO:) Sodium oxide (N~O) ............. Potassium oxide (K:zO) 
 
Lime (CaO) 
 
Magnesia (MgO) 
Alumina (Al:0a)  Fer.ric oxide (Fe:Oa) . ~. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nitrie acid radical (NOD) 
 
Parts per million 
7.6 3.0 16.6 47.0 8.1 .8 13.4 8.3 2.4 2.9 .2 
 
Grains pel.' U. S. gallon 
.443 .175 .968 2.741 .472 .047 .781 .484 .140 .169 .011 
 
PROBABLE COMBINATIONS 
 
Potassium chloride ........... 
 
1.5 
 
Sodium chloride ............... 
 
3.9 
 
Sodium sulphate 
 
. 
 
14.0 
 
Sodium nitrate 
 
. 
 
.3 
 
Calcium carbonate Magnesium sulphate 
 
. 
 
24.0 
 
. 
 
14.4 
 
Magnesium carbonate 
 
. 
 
7.3 
 
AlurrLinum oxide 
 
. 
 
2.4 
 
Ferrous earbonate 
 
. 
 
4.2 
 
Silica 
 
. 
 
7.6 
 
.087 .227 .816 .017 1.400 .840 .425 .140 .245 .443 
 
Total solids Free carbon dioxide 
 
. 
 
79.3 
 
. 
 
25.0 
 
4.640 1.458 
 
EVERETT SPRING 
FLOYD COUNTY 
Everett Spring is in the extreme northern part of Floyd County, about 6 miles west of Reeves, a. station 01) the Southern Railway. It is located in a narrow, picturesque valley between Horn and John mountains, near the highway leading from Armuchee Valley to Rome. The spring is of local reputation only, and has no improvements near) except a farm house and a small country store. 
 
 68 
 
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF GEORGIA 
 
The water emerges as a stream from the Carboniferous ~hale. The 
flow, which is said to be but little effected by the seasons, is less than one gallon per minute. 
 
ANALYSIS EVERETT SPRING 
 
.Alkaline-calcie-C7Ialybeate 
 
CONSTITUEN'l'S DETERMINED 
 
Parts per million 
 
Silica (SiO~) 
 
. 
 
Chlorine (01) 
 
. 
 
Sulphur trioxide (80s) 
 
. 
 
Carbon dioxide (C02 )  
 
Sodium oxide (Na20) 
 
. 
 
Potassium oxide (~O) 
 
. 
 
Lime (CaO) 
 
. 
 
Magnesia (MgO) 
 
. 
 
Phosphorus pentoxide (P:zO/i) 
 
. 
 
. Arsenic (As) 
 
", 
 
: 
 
Manganese (MnO) 
 
. 
 
Alumina (Al20S)  
 
Ferrie oxide (F~03) 
 
: 
 
. 
 
20.50 10.20 
8.86 131.00 11.82 
2.83 90.40 12.20 trace trace trace 
3.40 7.20 
 
PROBABLE COMBINATIONS 
Potassium chloride Sodium chloride Sodium phosphate Sodium arsenate Sodium sulphate Sodium carbonate Magnesium carbonate Calcium carbonate Aluminum sulphate Ferrous carbonate ~anganese carbornate Silica 
 
. 
 
. 
 
. 
 
. 
 
. 
 
~ 
 
. 
 
. 
 
~ 
 
~ .. 
 
. 
 
. 
 
. 
 
4.48 13.28 trace trace 
1.52 7,04 25.62 161.03 11.40 10.44 trace 20.50 
 
Grains per U. S. gallon 
1.196 .595 .517 7.640 .689 .165 9.272 .711 trace trace trace .198 :420 
.261 .780 trace trace' . .089, .411 1.494 9.311 .665 .609 trace 1.196 
 
'I'otal solids Free carbon dioxide 
 
. 255.31 
 
. 
 
39.67 
 
14.816 2.314 
 
FLEMING SPRING 
 
. '.' 
 
FRANKLIN COUNTY 
 
Fleming Spring, which' is located about 600 yards south of the 
 
depot at Cannon, is a small spring furnishing 1% gallons per 
 
minute.' The waterhas an iron taste and yields, upon'standing, a 
 
 DESCRIPTIONS OF IND1VIDUAI, SPRINGS 
 
69 
 
yellowish precipitate. The spring is unimproved, but locally .it has 
 
a reputation as a mineral spring. 
 
.~ . 
 
ANALYSIS FLEMING SPRING 
Light alkaline-calcie--Chalybeate 
 
CONSTITUENTS DETERMINED 
 
Silica (Si02 )  
 
Chlorine (01) 
 
~ 
 
. 
 
Sulphur trioxide (803 )  
 
Carbon dioxide (C02 )  
 
Sodium oxide (Na20) 
 
. 
 
Potassium oxide (~O) 
 
. 
 
Lime (CaD) .. , 
 
, .. 
 
Magnesia (Mgo) 
 
. 
 
Alumina (A1203 )  ;  Ferric oxide (Fe203 )  "  
 
Parts per million 
. 31.0 3,5 6.7 
42.6 10.3 
3.3, 12,2 
7.2 2.2 4.4 
 
PROBABLE COMBINATIONS 
 
Potassium chloride 
 
. 
 
5.2 
 
Sodium chloride 
 
. 
 
1.6 
 
Sodium sulpbats '.................... 
 
11,9 
 
Sodium carbonate 
 
. 
 
7.3 
 
Calcium carbonate 
 
. 
 
21.8 
 
Magnesium carbonate 
 
. 
 
15.1 
 
Ferrous carbonate 
 
. 
 
6.4 
 
Aluminum oxide 
 
. 
 
2,2 
 
Silica 
 
. 
 
31.0 
 
'Grains per U. S. gallon 
1.808 ,204 .391 
2.484 .600 . .192 .712 .420 .128 .257 
.303 .093 .694 ,426 1.272 .880 ,373 .128 1.808 
 
Total solids Free Carbon dioxide 
 
. 
 
102.5 
 
. 
 
19.7 
 
5.977 1.490 
 
FLOYD SPRINGS 
 
FLOYD COUNTY 
 
Floyd Springs are situated near the southern terminus of John 
 
Mountain in the northern part of Floyd County. The nearest 
 
railroad station is Plainville onthe Southern Railway about 7 miles 
 
known distant. These springs have been long 
 
and originally th'ey 
 
were much frequented. There is now no improvement and": n'o 
 
accommodations for guests at the springs. 
 
The main spring, from which water was taken for analysis, is 
 
a small spring furnishing only a few 'gallons per. minute. This 
 
 70 
 
GEOLOGIOAL SURVEY OF GEORGIA 
 
spring, at the time the sample of water was collected, was the only spring in general use. 
 
ANALYSIS OF FLOYD SPRING 
 
Alkaline-calcio 
 
Parts per 
 
CONSTITUENTS DETERMINED 
 
million 
 
Silica (Si02 )  Ohlorine (01) ................. 
 
Sulphur trioxide (S03) 
 
. 
 
Carbon dioxide (C0 2)  
 
Sodium oxide (Na.zO) 
 
. 
 
Potassium oxide (K:tO) 
 
. 
 
Lime (OaO) ................... 
 
Magnesia (MgO) .................. 
 
27.8 10.5 2U 185.2 26.5 
.8 96.0 11.2 
 
Alumina (Al20a) ..... 
 
6.7 
 
Ferric. oxide (F6.l0s) 
 
. 
 
2.4 
 
Grains per U. S. gallon 
1.621 .611 1.406 10.800 1.545 .047 5.599 .652 .391 .140 
 
PROBABLE COMBINATIONS 
Potassium chloride Sodium chloride Sodium sulphate Mangesium sulphate Magnesium carbonate Calcium carbonate Alunrinum oxide Ferrous carbonate Silica 
 
. 
 
1.2 
 
. 
 
16.3 
 
. 
 
40.5 
 
. 
 
1.9 
 
. 
 
23.5 
 
. 171.4 
 
. 
 
6.7 
 
. 
 
3.5 
 
. 
 
27.8 
 
.070 .951 2.362 .111 1.370 9.995 .391 .204 1.621 
 
Total solids Free carbon dioxide 
 
292.8 88.4 
 
17.075 5.155 
 
FOWLER SPRING 
 
MERIWETHER COUNTY 
 
Fowler Spring, which lias a local reputation as possessing medi- 
 
cinal properties, is located near the Southern Railway in the south- 
 
eastern part of Meriwether County, about 2y;i miles north of Bul- 
 
loch ville. It is a small unimproved spring, furnishing only abont 
 
1 gallon per minute. 
 
ANALYSIS FOWLER SPRING 
 
Light alkaline-calcia 
 
Parts per 
 
CONSTITUENTS DETERMINED 
 
million 
 
Silica (SiO,) ....................... 41.2 . 
 
Chlorine (01) .... '.............. 
 
7.0 
 
Grains per U. S. gallon 
2.403 .408 
 
  DESCRIPTIONS OF INDIVIDUAL SPRINGS 
 
71 
 
Sulphur trioxide (SO.) 
 
3.7 
 
Carhon dioxide (CO,) ............... 83.3 
 
Sodium oxide (Na,O) ............ 
 
15.2 
 
Potaaaium oxide (K,O) .......... 
 
3.2 
 
Lime (CaO) ................. 18.6 
 
Magnesia (MgO) 
 
6.4 
 
Alumina (Al,O,) .... ;............. 
 
.7 
 
Ferrie oxide (F~O.) .............. 
 
2.0 
 
PROBABLE COMBINATIONS 
 
Potassium chloride ;................. 
 
5.2 
 
Sodium chloride 
 
7.5 
 
Sodium. sulphate 
 
6.6 
 
Sodium carbonate 
 
14.3 
 
Calcium carbonate 
 
33.2 
 
Magnesium carbonate 
 
13.4 
 
Aluminum oxide 
 
.7 
 
Ferrous carbonate 
 
2.9 
 
Silica 
 
41.2 
 
.216 4.857 
.887 .187 1.085 .373 .041 .116 
.303 .437 .385 .833 1.936 .781 .041 .169 2.403 
 
Total solids ............... Free Carbon dioxide 
 
125.0 54.6 
 
7.288 3.184 
 
FRANKLIN SPRING 
 
FRANKLIN COUNTY 
Franklin Spring is in the extreme southeastern part of Franklin 
 
County, about 9 miles southeast of Carnesville, the county site. The nearest railway station is Royston, on the Elberton Air Line, 
 
a branch of the Southern Railway, 2 miles distant. The spring is 
 
a rather bold chalybeate spring, located in a deep hollow near the public road leading from Royston to Danielsville. It is said that: 
 
this spring has had quite a reputation as a resort as far back as the 
 
oldest citizens can remember. The improvements consist of a few cottages and a small hotel. The water, as it flows from the spring, forms quite a precipitate of reddish-brown iron sesqui-oxide. It appears to come to the surface through fissures in the mica schist, 
 
the prevailing rock of the region. The flow is about 3 gallons 
 
per minute. 
 
ANALYSIS FRANKLIN SPRING 
 
Chalybeate 
 
Parte per 
 
CONSTITUENTS DETERMINED 
 
million 
 
Silica (Sib,) ...................... 34.40 
 
Chlorine (01) ..................... 
 
6.12 
 
Grains per U. S. gallon 
2.006 .357 
 
 GEOLOGliJAL SURVEY OF GEORGIA 
 
Sulphur trioxide (SOa) 
 
. 
 
Carbon dioxide (C02 )  
 
Sodium oxide (Na:O) 
 
. 
 
Potassium oxide (K:O) 
 
. 
 
Lime (CaO) 
 
. 
 
Magnesia (MgO) 
 
. 
 
Phosphorus pentoxide (P:O,) : . 
 
Manganous oxide (MuD) 
 
. 
 
Alumina (AI:03 )  
 
Ferric oxide (Fe:Oa) 
 
,' . 
 
PROBABLE COMBINATIONS 
 
Pctaaeium chloride 
 
. 
 
Sodium chloride 
 
. 
 
Sodium sulphate Sodium carbonate 
 
. 
 
~ 
 
. 
 
Magnesium carbonate 
 
. 
 
Calcium carbonate 
 
. 
 
Manganese carbonate 
 
. 
 
Aluminum sulphate 
 
. 
 
Fettous carbona~e 
 
~ 
 
. 
 
Silica 
 
, 
 
8.24 77.80 14.84 8.52 4.30 3.75 trace 
.30 .40 12.00 
5.58 5.70 12.96 10.53 7.87 7.68 .48 1.34 17.40 34.40 
 
Total solids Free Carbon dioxide 
 
. 103.94 
 
. 
 
65.75 
 
.481 4.957 
.865 .205 .257 .219 trace '.017 .023 .700 
.325 .332 .756 .614 .459 .448 .028 .078 1.015 2.006 
6.061 3.834 
 
FREEMAN SPRING 
GORDON COUNTY 
Freeman spring is in the eastern part of Gordon County, about 2 miles from Granger Station on theLouisville and Nashville Railroad. It is located in the quartzite hills on what is known as the Freeman plantation, about one-half mile east of the Tennessee public road. The spring is an- unimproved chalybeate spring flow- , ing about i: gallon per minute. It has quite a local reputation as a medicinal spring. The water after standing throws down a considerable precipitate of iron oxide. 
 
ANALYSIS FREEl\1:AN SPRING 
 
Chalybeate 
 
Parts per 
 
CONSTITUENTS DETER!!~D 
 
million 
 
Silica ,(SiO:) 
 
20.6 
 
Chlorine (01) 
 
7.0. 
 
Grains per U. S. gallon 
1.201 .408 
., 
 
 DESCRIPTIONS OF INDIVIDUAL SPRINGS 
 
73 
 
'V 
 
Sulphur trioxide (SOa) 
 
. 
 
Carbon dioxide (C02 )  
 
Soda (Na,O) 
 
. 
 
Potash (K,O) ..................... 
 
Lime (CaO) ....................... 
 
Magnesia (MgO) 
 
. 
 
Alumina (A120a) ..... 
 
Ferric oxide (Fe20a) 
 
. 
 
PROBABLE COMBINATIONS 
 
Potassium ehlcride : 
 
. 
 
Sodium chloride 
 
. 
 
Sodium sulphate 
 
. 
 
Magnesium sulphate 
 
. 
 
Magnesium carbonate 
 
. 
 
Calcium carbonate 
 
. 
 
Aluminum oxide 
 
. 
 
Ferrous carbonate 
 
. 
 
Silica 
 
. 
 
20.9 101.0 
8.3 .4 
43.8 15.2 1.0 
3.8 
.6 11.1 
5.3 26.9 13.2 78.2 1.0 5.5 2Q.6 
 
1.218 5.890 
.484 .023 2.555 .886 .059 .222 
.037 .646 .309 1.568 .770 4.560 .059 .320 1.201 
 
Total solids Free carbon dioxide 
 
. 162.4 
 
. 
 
57.5 
 
9.470 3.353 
 
FULLER SULPHUR SPRING 
 
GORDON COUNTY 
 
This spring is located in the extreme southeastern corner of 
 
Gordon County 3 miles east of Fairmount, a station on the Louis- 
 
ville and Nashville Railroad. It is a small sulphur spring furnish- 
 
ing 3 gallons per minute. The water has a distinct odor of sulphuretted hydrogen and a "gun powder" taste. The only im- 
 
provements near the spring is a farm house where occasionally a 
 
few summer boarders are taken. The spring is beautifully located 
 
in a grove of oaks and other hard wood trees. It has only a local 
 
reputation. 
 
ANALYSIS FULLER SULPHUR MINERAL SPRING 
 
Alkaline-calcie--Sulphuretted 
 
Parts per Grains pel" 
 
CONSTITUENTS DETERMINED 
 
million U. S. gallon 
 
Silica (8iO,) 
 
. 
 
Chlorine (01) 
 
. 
 
Sulphur trioxide (SOs) 
 
. 
 
Carbon dioxide (C02 )  
 
Sodium oxide (N&:O) 
 
. 
 
17.8 8.5 8.1 132.0 16.6 
 
1.038 .496 .472 
7.698 .968 
 
 L 
 
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF GEORGIA 
 
Potassium oxide (K~O) ............. 
 
Lime (OaO) ....................... 
 
Magnesia (MgO) 
 
. 
 
Alumina (A120a)  
 
Ferri~ oxide (FezO.) 
 
. 
 
PROBABLE COMBIN,A.TIONS 
 
Potassium chloride Sodium chloride Sodium sulphate Sodium carbonate Calcium carbonate Magnesium carbonate Aluminum oxide 
 
. . -' '.' . . . . . 
 
Ferrous carbonate 
 
. 
 
Silica 
 
. 
 
Total solids 
 
. 
 
Free carbon dioxide 
 
. 
 
4.5 58.8 9.3 1.4 1.6 
7.2 8.4 14.4 10.1 105.0 19.5 1.4 2.3 17.8 
186.1 70.5 
 
.262 3.429 
.542 .082 '.093 
.420 .490 .836 .587 6.124 1.137 .082 .134 1.038 
10.848 4.292 
 
GARNET SPRING 
STEPHENS COUNTY 
Garnet Spring is in the western part of Stephens County about 10 miles west of Toccoa, the county site, and within three-fourths mile of Toccoa Falls, one of Georgia's most noted waterfalls. The spring has been known for nearly 40 years and its water used locally for its supposed medicinal properties. Tile water from this spring is also used to a limited extent by the guests at Haddocks .Inn,' a well-known summer hotel situated within a few hundred yards of Toccoa Falls. With the exception of a stone curbing the spring is unimproved. The flow is about 2 gallons per minute. The water has a faint odor of sulphuretted hydrogen and leaves a slight whitishpreeipitate where it flows from the stone curbing. 
 
ANALYSIS GARNET sPRING 
 
.Alkaline.oolcic-Sulph-uretted 
 
Parts per 
 
CONSTITUENTS DETER:MINED 
Sili~a (SiD:) Chlorine (01) 
 
million 
 
. 
 
27.10 
 
. 
 
5.25 
 
Grains 'Per U. S. gallon 
1.580 .306 
 
1 Since the above was written the Inn has been burned. 
 
 DESCRIPTIONS OF INDIVIDUAL SPRINGS 
 
75 
 
.Sulphur trioxide (803)  
 
Carbon dioxide (C0 2)  
 
Soda (Na,O) ..................... 
 
Potash (K,O) 
 
.. 
 
Lime (CaO) 
 
.. 
 
Magnesia (MgO) 
 
. 
 
Alumina (AI20a)  Ferrie oxide (F~Oa) .............. 
 
Phosphorus pentoxide (P20~) 
 
. 
 
Manganous oxide (MnO) 
 
. 
 
PROBABLE COlolBINATlONS 
 
Potassium chloride ......... 
 
Sodium chloride 
 
. 
 
Sodium sulphate 
 
. 
 
Sodium phosphate 
 
. 
 
Magnesium sulphate 
 
. 
 
Magnesium carbonate 
 
. 
 
Calcium carbonate 
 
. 
 
Manganese carbonate 
 
. 
 
Aluminum sulphate 
 
. 
 
Ferrous carbonate 
 
. 
 
Silica 
 
. 
 
Total solids 
 
. 
 
~ree caTbon dio3ide 
 
. 
 
10.00 72.60 8,48 2.60 24.30 9.04 
.40 2.20 trace trace 
4.11 5.37 12.89 trace 4.11 16.11 43.40 trace 1.35 3.19 27.10 
117.63 43.85 
 
.583. 4.234 
.495 .152 1.417 .527 .023 .128 trace trace 
.240 .313 .752 trace .240 .939 2.531 trace" .079 .186 1.580 
6.860 2.557 
 
GASKIN SPRING 
 
CofFEE COUNTY 
 
This spring is 10 miles north of Douglas, the county site of 
 
Coffee County. The improvements consist of a pavilion and a bath 
 
house. It is much frequented by parties from Douglas. The flow 
 
is about 10 gallons per minute. It is claimed by Some that the 
 
water possesses medicinal virtues, but the analysis shows that it 
 
is unusually free from mineral matter. The large amount of organic 
 
matter present would seem to indicate that the spring is not 
 
properly protected. 
 
ANALYSIS GASKIN SPRING 
 
Neutral 
 
CONSTITUENTS DETERMINED 
 
Parts per million 
 
Silica (Si02)  "  
 
5.6 
 
Chlorine (01) 
 
. 
 
6.3 
 
Grains per U. S. gallon 
.326 .367 
 
 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF GEORGILl 
 
. Sulphur trioxide (SOs) 
 
. 
 
Carbon dioxide (CO2 )  
 
Sodium oxide (Na 20) 
 
. 
 
Potassium oxide (K 20) 
 
. 
 
'Lime (CaO) 
 
. 
 
Magnesia (MgO) 
 
.. 
 
Alumina (A120a) .    . . . .  
 
Ferrie oxide (Fe20a) 
 
. 
 
PROBABLE COMBINATIONS 
 
Potassium chloride 
 
. 
 
Sodium chloride 
 
. 
 
Calcium chloride 
 
. 
 
Magnesium chloride 
 
. 
 
Aluminum oxide .................. ; 
 
Silica 
 
. 
 
trace 12.0 
2.7 .3 .6 
1.3 trace 
.0 
.4 5.1 2.3 3.2 trace 5.6 
 
Total solids Free carbon dioxide Organic matter 
 
", . 
 
16.6 
 
,', 
 
. 
 
12.0 
 
. 
 
17.0 
 
trace .700 .157 .017.034 .076 
trace .000 
.023, .297 .134 .186 trace .326 
.966 .700 .991 
 
GEORGIA MINERAL SPRING 
CATOOSA COUNTY 
This is a rather large spring located on the public highway between Ringgold and Chickamauga Park. It was improved a few years ago with a view of making it a- pleasure resort. It is reported that a limited amount of the water from this spring has been put on the market in Chattanooga as a mineral water. 
 
ANALYSIS GEORGIA MINERAL SPRING 
 
. 
 
Alkaline-calcic 
 
CONSTITUENTS DETERMINED 
 
Parts per million 
 
Silica (SiD:) 
 
" 
 
Chlorine (Cl) 
 
Sulphur trioxide (SOs) 
 
Carbon dioxide (CO~) 
 
Sodium oxide (Na:O) 
 
Potassium oxide (K:O) 
 
Lime (CaO) 
 
Magnesia (MgO) 
 
Alumina (Al:Os) Ferric oxide (Fe~Os) 
 
. 
 
. 
 
. 
 
. 
 
. 
 
. 
 
, .. 
 
. 
 
~ 
 
. 
 
. 
 
10.2 2.8 .8 
123.2 4.2 .8 57.0 
11.0 .8 ,.3 
 
Grains per U. S. gallon 
.595 .163 .047 7.185 .245 .047 3.324 .641 .047 .017 
 
  DESCRIPTIONS OF INDIVIDUAL SPRINGS 
 
77 
 
PROBABLE COMBINATIONS 
 
Potassium chloride 
 
: 
 
Sodium chloride 
 
Sodium sulphate 
 
Sodium carbonate Oalclum carbonate Magnesium carbonate 
 
Aluminum oxide Ferrous carbonate Silica 
 
. 
 
1.2 
 
. 
 
3.7 
 
. 
 
1.4 
 
. 
 
2.4 
 
. 101.8 
 
. 
 
23.1 
 
. 
 
.8 
 
. 
 
.5 
 
. 
 
10.2 
 
.070 .216 .082 .140 5.937 1.347 .047 .029 .595 
 
Total solids Free carbon dioxide 
 
. 145.1 
 
. 
 
64.8 
 
8.463 3.779 
 
GIBSON'DEEP WELL 
 
GLASCOCK COUNTY 
This is a deep well furnishing the public water supply of Gibson. The well is located in the public square near the center of the town. It has a depth of 170 feet. The water which comes from a crevice in the granite rock, rises to within 20 feet of the surface. It is said that the water stains both wooden and metal vessels a yellowish' color and that after standing for a short time an oillike scum, probably iron oxide, forms on the surface of the water. 
The water from 'this well, as above stated, is used chiefly for general domestic supply; however, many of those using it are of the opinion that it possesses special medicinal properties. 
 
ANALYSIS GIBSON D~EP WELL 
 
Light alkalinecalci(}---()halybeate 
 
Parts per 
 
CONSTITUENTS ,DETERMINED 
 
million 
 
Silica (SiO,) Chlorine (Cl) 
Sulphur trioxide (80s) Carbon dioxide (C02 )  : . . . . . . . Sodium oxide (N3.:l0) Potassium oxide (K20) Lime (CaO) 
Magnesia (MgO) Phosphorus pentoxide (P20G)  Alumina (AI20s).................... Ferric oxide (Fe20S)  
 
40.9 3.0 6.7 9.1 11.0 3.2 9.0 3.4 trace 5.0 6.8 
 
Grains per U. S. gallon 
2.385 .175 .391 .531 .641 .187 .525 .198 trace ,292 .39i 
 
 78 
 
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF GEORGIA 
 
PROBABLB COMBINATIONS 
 
Potassium chloride 
 
~. 
 
5.0 
 
Sodium chloride 
 
. 
 
1.0 
 
Sodium sulphate 
 
. 
 
11.9 
 
Sodium carbonate 
 
' 
 
. 
 
8.9 
 
Magnesium carbonate 
 
. 
 
7.1 
 
Calcium carbonate .................. 
 
.4 
 
Calcium. silicate 
 
. 
 
18.2 
 
Aluminum oxide 
 
. 
 
5.0 
 
Ferric oxide 
 
. 
 
6.8 
 
Silica 
 
 . 
 
31.5 
 
Total solids 
 
. 
 
95,8 
 
.292 .058 .694 .519 .414 .023 1.062, .292 .397 1.837 
5.588 
 
GLENN ELLA SPRING 
HABERSHAM COUNTY 
This spring is in the northern part of Habersham County about 4 miles west of Tullulah Falls. The mineral nature of this water is said to have been discovered a few years ago while being used in a steam boiler. From a description given by the owner it seems to be a fair size spring favorably located for a resort. The only improvement mentioned is a large boarding house. One characteristic given of the water is that a yellowish color is left by it upon vessels. 
 
ANALYSIS GLENN ELLA SPRING 
 
Chalybeate 
 
Parts per 
 
. CONSTITUENTS DETERMINED 
 
million 
 
Silica (Si02 )  
 
7.0 
 
CWorine (01) 
 
. 
 
5.3 
 
Sulphur trioxide (80s) 
 
. 
 
1.7 
 
Carbon dioxide (C02) 
 
. 
 
32.0 
 
Sodium oxide (N:~O) ............. 
 
4,0 
 
Potassium oxide (K20) 
 
. 
 
.6 
 
Lime (CaO) ...................... 
 
4.1 
 
Magnesia (MgO) 
 
, 
 
. 
 
2.0 
 
Alumina (A120a) 
 
. 
 
1.8 
 
Ferric oxide (Fe20a) 
 
. 
 
11.0 
 
PROBABLE COMBINATIONS 
Potassium chloride Sodium chloride 
 
. 
 
1.1 
 
. 
 
J.7 
 
Grains per U. S. gallon 
.401 3.09 .099 1.866 .233 .035 .239 .116 .105 .641 
.064 .449 
 
 DESCRIPTIONS OF INDIVIDUAL SPRINGS 
 
79 
 
Caleiucm carbonate ................ 
 
8.3 
 
.484 
 
Magnesium sulphate 
 
. 
 
2.5 
 
.146 
 
Magnesium carbonate 
 
. 
 
2.5 
 
.146 
 
Aluminum oxide . ' 
 
. 
 
1.8 
 
.105 
 
Ferrous carbonate 
 
. 
 
16.0 
 
.933 
 
Silica 
 
. 
 
7.0 
 
.401 
 
Total solids Free carbon dioxide 
 
. 
 
46.9 
 
. 
 
18.0 
 
2.728 1.050 
 
GORDON SPRING 
WHITl'IELD COUNTY 
Prior to the Civil War, Gordon Spring was a very popular summer resort, but since then it has been aIlowed to decline. The buildings, with the exception of one or two of the smaIler ones, have all been burned or otherwise destroyed, so that there are at present practicallyuo facilities whatever for the accommodation of guests. The spring is located at the eastern base of Taylor's Ridge in the western part of Whitfield County about 12 miles west .of Dalton. It is a small chalybeate spring, f,;rnishing about 3 gallons per minute. The water on standing throws down a precipitate of iron sesqui-oxide. In addition to the main spring, from which the sample of water was secured for analysis, there are several smaller springs near by, which are also said to possess medicinal properties. These springs are all located in a smaIl depression or basin at the foot of Taylor's Ridge near the line of contact of the Carboniferous shales and the Silurian sandstone. Gordon Spring is well located for a summer resort. It is 7 miles from the present terminous of the Rome and Northern Railroad. 
 
ANALYSIS GORDON SPRING 
 
A.lkaZine~calcic-Chalybeate 
 
CONSTITUENTS DETERMINED 
 
Parts per million 
 
Silica (SiD,) 
 
. 
 
Chlorine (Cl) 
 
. 
 
Sulphur trioxide (SOa) 
 
. 
 
Carbon dioxide (C02)  
 
Sodium oxide (Na.zO) 
 
. 
 
15.50 5.60 14.78 182.40 10.60 
 
GrainS per U. S. gallon 
.904 .327 .862 19.637 .618 
 
 80 
 
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF GEORGIA 
 
Potassium oxide (K~O) ............. 
 
Lime (CaO) 
 
. 
 
Magnesia (MgO) 
 
. 
 
Phosphorus pentoxide (P,.05) 
 
. 
 
Manganese (MnO) 
 
. 
 
Alumina (A1~03) 
 
. 
 
Ferric oxide (Fe,.Os) 
 
. 
 
PROBABLE COMBINATIONS 
 
Potassium chloride .. ,' 
 
. 
 
Sodium chloride 
 
. 
 
Sodium sulphate Sodium phosphate 
 
. ~. 
 
Magnesium sulphate 
 
. 
 
~agnesiUJll carbonate 
 
. 
 
Calciucm carbonate 
 
. 
 
Aluminum sulphate 
 
. 
 
. Ferrous carbonate 
 
'. 
 
Manganese carbonate 
 
. 
 
Silica 
 
f                    
 
2.80 82.00 12.76 trace trace 
.40 5.40 
4.44 5.75 17.31 trace 7.55 21.50 146.43 1.35 7.83 trace' 15.50 
 
.163 4.782 
.744 trace trace 
.023 .315 
.259 .335 1.033 trace .440 1.254 8.540 .079 .457 trace .904 
 
Total solids Free carbon dioxide 
 
. 227.66 . . 103.75 
 
13.301 6.050 
 
GOWER SPRING 
 
HALL COUNTY 
Gower Spring IS located on the Gainesville-Dahlonega public 
road only a few hundred yards from the corporate limits of Gainesville, the county seat of Hall County. A few years ago this spring was a very popular resort, but since the destruction of the hotel, near by, the spring has been neglected and it is now but little .used. The flow is about a gallon per minute. Upon standing the water throws down a rather .copious prescipitate of reddish-brown 
 
iron sesqui-oxide. 
 
ANALYSIS GOWER SPRING 
 
Chalybeat~ 
 
Parts per 
 
CONSTITUENTS DETER:MlNED 
 
million 
 
Silica (Si02) 
 
 
 
Chlorine (01) r' 
 
Sulphur trioxide (S03) 
 
. 
 
Carbon dioxide (C02)  
 
Ferric oxide (Fe203) 
 
. 
 
9.00 4.70 , .40 52.00 ' 
5.20 
 
Grains per U. S. gallon 
.525 .274 .023 3.032 .303 
 
 ,j , 
 
DESCRIPTIONS OF INDIVIDUAL SPRINGS 
 
81,. 
 
Alumina (Al,Q,) ........... 
 
10 
 
.006 
 
Lime (CaO) 
 
, ............... 
 
.70 
 
.041 
 
Magnesia (MgO) 
 
. 
 
1.10 
 
.064 
 
Potash (K,O) ';..................... 
 
1.26 
 
.073 
 
Soda (Na,O) 
 
. 
 
4.24 
 
.247 
 
FRQBABLE COlCBINATIONS 
 
Potassium chloride 
 
. 
 
2.00 
 
.117 
 
Sodium chloride Sodium sulphate 
 
. 
 
6.28 
 
.356 
 
. 
 
.28 
 
.016 
 
Sodium carbonate .................. 
 
1.35 
 
.079 
 
Magnesium carbonate 
 
. 
 
2.31 
 
.135 
 
Calcium carbonate 
 
. 
 
1.25 
 
.073 
 
Aluminum sulphate 
 
Ferrous carbonate 
 
.' 
 
. 
 
.26 
 
.015 
 
. 
 
7.54 
 
.440 
 
Silica 
 
, 
 
. 
 
9.00 
 
.525 
 
Total solids 
 
Free carbon dioxide 
 
., 
 
. 30.27 . 47.37 
 
1.756 2.763 
 
JOHN M. GREEN MINERAL SPRING 
 
FANNIN COUNTY 
This spring is located on the beantiful grounds of the Georgia Baptist Association near the corporate limits of Blue Ridge. The water from this spring supplies the Georgia Baptist Association while in session and is also more or less used by the people of Blue Ridge, many of whom regard the water as possessing medicinal properties. The flow is said to be several gallons per minute. Thespring is well protected and flows into a nice marble catchment basin. 
 
ANALYSIS JOHN M. GREEN MINERAL SPRING 
 
Light alkaline-sazine--ChaZybeate 
 
CONSTITUENTS DETERMINED 
 
Parts per Grains per million U. S. gallon 
 
Siliea (SiO,) .................... 28.4 
 
Chlorine (Cl) . 0  
 
3.0 
 
Sulphur trioxide (SO,) ............. 
 
10.3 
 
Carbon dioxide (CO.) ............ 
 
3G.5 
 
Sodium oxide (1'",0) .... 
 
7.5 
 
Potassium oxide -(K,O) 
 
. 
 
1.2 
 
Lime (SaO) ................. 
 
7.5 
 
Yagnesia (MgO) ............... 
 
2.3 
 
1.656 .175 .600 1.779 .437 .070 .437 .134 
 
 82 
 
GEOLOGIOAL SURVEY OF GEORGIA 
 
Alumina (AI,D,) Ferric. oxide (Fe.zOa) 
 
. 
 
' 
 
. 
 
PROBABLE COMBINATIONS 
 
Potassium chloride 
 
. 
 
Sodium chloride 
 
. 
 
Sodium sulphate 
 
. 
 
]{agnesiurrn sulphate ................. 
 
Calcium carbonate 
 
. 
 
Magnesium carbonate 
 
. 
 
Aluminum oxide 
 
. 
 
Ferrous carbonate 
 
. 
 
Silica 
 
. 
 
, 
 
Total solids 
 
. 
 
Free carbon dioxide 
 
', 
 
. 
 
3.4, 6.8 
1.8 3.6 12.3 5.7 13.4 .8 3.4 9.8, 28.4 . 
79.2 20.7 
 
.198 .397 
.105 .310 .717 .332 .781 .047 .198 .572 1.656 
4.718 1.207 
 
HAMPTON SPRING 
 
MURRAY COUNTY 
This spring is located on the side of a narrow hollow or gorge about 1 mile east of Cohutta Springs. It is a. small chalybeate spring furnishing less than 2 gallons per minute. The only improvement about the spring at the time it was visited was a few ill-constructed cottages owned by individuals who unove their families to the spring for a short time during the hot summer months. There is quite a precipitate of iron oxide in the form of a brownish sediment to be seen about the drainway leading from the spring. The location is all that can be desired fr0111 a scenic point of view. 
 
ANALYSIS HAMPTON SPRING Chalybeate 
 
CONSTITUENTS DETERMINED 
 
Silica (Si02 ) . 
 
Chlorine (01) 
 
.. 
 
Sulphur trioxide (SOs) 
 
. 
 
Carbon dioxide (CD z ) .. 
 
Sodium oxide (N~O) 
 
. 
 
Potassium oxide (K 20) 
 
:_ 
 
Lime (CaO) 
 
. 
 
Magnesia (MgO) .. , 
 
. 
 
Parts per million 
12.75 6.30 6.12 
24.40 5.08 1.55 4.50 2.61 
 
Grains per U. S. gallon 
.744 .367' .357 1.423 .296 .090 .262 .152 
 
 DESGRIP1'lONS OF INDIVIDUAL SPRINGS 
 
83 
 
Alumina (AlaOa) 
 
. 
 
Ferric oxide (FezOs) 
 
. 
 
P~OBABLE COMBINATIONS 
 
Potassium chloride Sodium chloride Sodium sulphate 
 
: 
 
. 
 
. 
 
,", 
 
Calcium carbonate 
 
. 
 
Magnesium sulphate 
 
. 
 
Magnesium carbonate 
 
. 
 
Aluminum sulphate 
 
. 
 
Ferrous carbonate '0  
 
Silica 
 
- 
 
. 
 
1.45 9.66 
2.44 8.45 1.39 8.03 3.15 3.27 4.86 14.00 12.75 
 
.085 .563 
.142 .493 .081 .468 .184 .191 . .283 .816 .744 
 
Total solids Free carbon dioxide 
 
. 
 
58.34 
 
. 
 
13.85 
 
3.402 .808 
 
HARBEN SPRING 
DAWSON COUNTY 
This spring is on Lot 1,144, 5th district, Dawson County, about 7 miles northwest of Dawsonville. It is a small sprrng furnishing less than 1 gallon per minute. The spring is said to have a local reputation as a mineral spring. A yellowish precipitate is reported to form in the spring. There are no improvements. The nearest railroad station is Tate, on the Louisville and Nashville Railroad, 16 miles to the southwest. 
 
ANALYSIS HARBEN SPRING 
 
Light alkalinecalcie-Clialybeate 
 
CONSTITUENTS DETERMINED 
 
Parts p("~ million 
 
Silica (SiO,) 
 
. . . . .. . .. . .. .  . . 
 
18.6 
 
Chlorine (Ol) 
 
3.5 
 
Sulphur trioxide (S03)................ 
 
8.2 
 
Carbon dioxide (CO:) 
 
34.6 
 
Sodium oxide (N~O) .............. 
 
10.1 
 
Potassium oxide (~O) 
 
:... 
 
.8 
 
Lime (CaO) 
 
13.0 
 
Magnesia (MgO) 
 
2.6 
 
Alumina (Al:03)  
 
.8 
 
Ferric oxide (Fe:03) 
 
2.0 
 
Grains per U. S. gallon 
1.085 .204 .478 
ams 
.588 .047 .758 .152 .047 .117 
 
 84 
 
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF GEORGI.tl 
 
PROBABLE COMJ3INATIONS 
 
Potassium chloride 
 
. 
 
1.3 
 
Sodium chloride 
 
. 
 
4.8 
 
Sodium sulphate 
 
. 14.6 
 
Sodium carbonate 
 
. 
 
1.9 
 
Magnesium carbonate 
 
Calcium carbonate 
 
Aluminum oxide 
 
: 
 
Ferrous carbonate 
 
Silica 
 
~ 
 
. 
 
5.4 
 
. 
 
23.2 
 
. 
 
.8 
 
. 
 
2.9 
 
-. 
 
18.6 
 
Total solids 
 
73.5 
 
Free carbon dioxide 
 
19.8 
 
.076 .280 .851 .111 .315 1.353 .047 .169 1.085 
4.287 1.155 
 
HARBOUR SPRING 
 
FLOYD COUNTY 
Harbour Spring is on the right bank of Oostanaula River about, 5}1, miles north of Rome. During high water it is entirely submerged. No improvement whatever is to be seen about the spring. The water has had a limited sale in Rome for the last 20 years. The flow is about 3 gallons per minute. 
 
ANALYSIS HARBOUR SPRING 
 
Neutral 
 
Parts per 
 
CONSTITUENTS DETERMINED 
 
million 
 
Silica (SiD,) ..................... 
 
11.5 
 
Chlorine (01) 
 
. 
 
. 
 
3.5 
 
. Sulphur trioxide (SOs) 
 
. 
 
1.4 
 
Carbon dioxide (OO~) Sodium oxide (Na 20) Potassium oxide (K:O) Lime (C.O) 
 
.. 
 
33.5 
 
'. 
 
4.2 
 
. 
 
1,0 
 
. 
 
6.0 
 
Magnesia (MgO) 
 
. 
 
2.0 
 
Alumina (A120a) . 
 
.4 
 
Ferrie oxide (F6:l0a) 
 
. 
 
1.4 
 
Grains per U. S. gallon 
.670 .204 .082 1.953 .245 .058 .350 .117 .023 .082 
 
PROBABLE COMBINATI(?,NS 
 
Potassium chloride 
 
. 
 
1.5 
 
.087 
 
Sodium chloride 
 
: 
 
. 
 
4.6 
 
.268 
 
Sodium sulphate 
 
. 
 
2.5 
 
.146 
 
Sodium carbonate 
 
. 
 
1.2 
 
.070 
 
Oaleium carbonate ................. 
 
1007 
 
.624 
 
Magnesium- carbonate 
 
. 
 
4.2 
 
.245 
 
  r, 
 
DESCRIPTIONS OF INDIVIDUAL SPRINGS 
 
85 
 
Aluminum oxide .....,............. 
 
.4 
 
.023 
 
Ferrous carbonate 
 
. 
 
2.0 
 
.117 
 
Silica ............... ; 
 
. 
 
11.5 
 
.670 
 
Total solids Free carbon dioxide 
 
. 
 
3,8.6 
 
. 
 
25.4 
 
2.250 1.481 
 
HARDY WELL 
 
HARRIS COUNTY 
The Hardy well is a dug well about 29 feet deep. For the greater part of its depth it penetrates gneissoid rock. The well, which was put down for household supply, is located in A. L. Hardy's yard only a few hundred feet north of the depot at Hamilton. The water is said to have an alum-like taste and upon standing furnishes a slight precipitate. 
 
ANALYSIS HARDY WELL 
 
Sulphatea..magncsic-saline. Aluminous. Chalybeate 
 
Parts per Grains per 
 
CONSTITUENTS DETERMINED 
 
million U. S. gallon 
 
8iliea (8iO,) 
 
"' 
 
. 
 
28.0 
 
1.633 
 
Chlorine (01) 
 
00  
 
7.1 
 
.414 
 
Sulphur trioxide (80a) 
 
. 160,0 
 
9.330 
 
Carbon dioxide (C02) 
 
.. 
 
0.0 
 
Sodium oxide (Na20) 
 
. 
 
24.0 
 
Potassium oxide (~O) ............. 
 
2.8 
 
.000 1.400 
.163 
 
Lime (CaO) ; . . . . '00                  
 
27.0 
 
1.574 
 
Magnesia (MgO) . 00 
 
00  
 
7.3 
 
.426 
 
Manganous oxide (MnD) 
 
. 
 
Phoaphorua pento-xide (P:O~) ....... 
 
trace' trace 
 
trace 
tta;e'~ 
 
Alumina (AI:Oa)  
 
37.0 
 
Ferric oxide (Fe:Oa) .......... 
 
4.3 
 
'2.158 . ".25i 
 
Nitric acid (liNDa) 
 
. 
 
25.0 
 
-1;458 
 
PROBABLE COMBINATIONS 
 
Potassium chloride ................ ' 
 
4.4, 
 
Sodium chlori:de 
 
. 
 
8:2 
 
Sodium bisulphate 
 
. 
 
27.0 
 
Sodium nitrate .., Calcium sulphate '.:: ..'.' 
 
. 34.2 ~ ; : . '.. ;:, 67.0 
 
Magnesium sulphate ~:0 .; 
 
22.8 
 
Aluminum sulphate ................ . Ferric sulphate .. ;. ." ~ : ." :.' ; 
 
124.0 "1~.8 ,," 
 
f}~ca ..........,-:'.; 
 
, 
 
,:.... r.' .28.0 .,\.~" 
 
.257 :478 1.574 1.994 3.907 1.330 7.231 ,1630 
;1.63,. .:' 
 
Total solids ....... ; 
 
. 326.4 
 
19.034 
 
 86 
 
qEOLOGIGAL .SURVEY OF GEORGIA 
 
HAWKINS MINERAL SPRING 
 
CHEROKEE COUNTY 
This spring is located in t.he northeast part of Cherokee County 1)1, -rniles west of Ball Ground. It is said to possess medicinal properties. The flow is several gallons per minute. The water is reported to possess an iron taste and to precipitate iron oxide in the branch which runs from it. The spring is unimproved and apparently but little known. 
 
ANALYSIS HAWKINS MINERAL SPRING 
 
Alkaline-calcic 
 
Parts per 
 
CONSTITUENTS DETERMINED 
 
million 
 
Silica (Si02)  
 
Chlorine (01) 
 
. 
 
Sulphur trioxide (SO,) 
 
. 
 
Carbon dioxide (C02)  
 
Sodium oxide (Nap) 
 
. 
 
Potassium oxide (~O) 
 
. 
 
Lime (CaO) 
 
. 
 
Magnesia (MgO) 
 
. 
 
Alumina (AI20,) : 
 
. 
 
Ferric oxide (Fe203)  
 
26.4 4.2 7.0 8004 7.4 4.4 40.3 10.4 
.3 1.2 
 
PROBABLE COMBINATIONS 
Potassium chloride Sodium chloride Sodium sulphate Sodium carbonate Calcium carbonate Magnesium carbonate Ferrous carbonate Aluminum oxide Silica 
 
. 
 
7.0 
 
. 
 
1.2 
 
. 
 
12.4 
 
. 
 
.6 
 
. 
 
72.0 
 
. 
 
21.8 
 
. 
 
1.9 
 
. 
 
.3 
 
. 
 
26.4 
 
Grains pel' 
u. S. gallon 
1.539 .245 .408 
4.688 .432 .257 2.350 .606 .017 .070 
.408 .070 .722 .035 4.200 1.271 .111 .017 1.539 
 
Total solids Free carbon dioxide 
 
. 143.6 
 
. 
 
36.2 
 
8.373 2.111 
 
HELICON SPRING 
CLARKE COUNTY 
Helicon Spring is 4)1,\ miles northeast of Athens and within a few hundred yards of the Athens-Danville public road. The spring 
 
 T'" 
 
 
 
DESORIPTIONS OF INDIVIDUAL SI;'RINGS 
 
87 
 
is said to have been discovered about 60 years ago, and at one time 
 
is reported to have had a hotel for the accommodation of guests. 
 
At present there is no improvement about the spring with the ex- 
 
ception of a brick cnrbing, the hotel and other improvements hav- 
 
Ing been long, since destroyed by tire. The excellent road from 
 
Athens makes this spring qnite accessible and is mnch freqnented 
 
by antomobile parties from Athens dnring the summer months. 
 
The flow of the spring is less than 1 gallon per minute. The copious precipitate of yellowish iron oxide and the irony taste are 
 
the most striking characteristics of the water. 
 
ANALYSIS HELICON SPRING Chalybeate 
 
Parts per 
 
CONSTITUENTS DETERMINED 
 
million 
 
Silica (8iO,) 
 
:. 
 
29.0 
 
Chlorine (01) .. , , 
 
, 
 
. 
 
7.1 
 
Sulphur trioxide (80s) 
 
. 
 
Carbon dioxide (C02 )  
 
Sodium oxide (N3::!O) 
 
. 
 
6.7 50.0 
6.7 
 
Potassium oxide (K 20) Lime (OaO) ' Magnesia (MgO) 
 
'. 
 
1.1 
 
. 
 
10.6 
 
~ 
 
4.6 
 
Alumina (AI20a) .... 
 
Ferne oxide (F~Os) 
 
. 
 
2.0 12.0 
 
Grains per U. S. gallon 
1.691 ,414 
.391 2.916 .391 .064 
.618 .268 .117 .700 
 
PROBABLE COMBINATIONS 
 
Potassium chloride 
 
. 
 
2.1 
 
Sodium chloride .................. 
 
9.9 
 
Sodium sulphate 
 
. 
 
3.4 
 
Calcium carbonate 
 
. 
 
19.0 
 
Magnesium sulphate 
 
. 
 
8.6 
 
Magnesium carbonate 
 
. 
 
3.0 
 
Aluminum oxide 
 
. 
 
2.0 
 
Ferrous carbonate .. ' 
 
. 
 
19.0 
 
Silica 
 
. 
 
~9.0 
 
.122 .577 .198 LUI .502 .175 .U7 LUI 1.691 
 
Total solids Free carbon dioxide 
 
. 
 
96.0 
 
. 
 
25.6 
 
5.604 1.493 
 
HENDERSON' MINERAL SPRING 
 
'I 
 
WASHINGTON COUNTY 
 
This spring; which is locally known as the "Mineral Spring," 
 
is in the eastern part of Washington County. It is 9 miles from 
 
 88 
 
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF GEORGIA 
 
'Sandersville, and 4 miles from Davisboro, and within one-half mile of the Central of Georgia Railway. The location is said to be ideal for a resort.' The water is reported to emerge from 3 or 4 separate openings, all within a radius of less than II feet. It is claimed that the water possesses medicinal properties of value. 
There is no improvement about the spring. 
 
ANALYSIS HENDERSON MINERAL SPRI:J;'[G 
 
Alkaline- calcic 
 
CONS'l'1TUENTS DETERMINED 
 
Silica (SiO,) ..................... 
 
Ohlorine (01) .... : ............ 
 
Sulphur trioxide (SO,) ............ 
 
Carbon dioxide (00:) 
 
. 
 
Sodium oxide (N~O) 
 
. 
 
Potassium oxide (K:O) 
 
. 
 
Lime (CaO) ................... 
 
Magne,ia (MgO) ................... 
 
Alumina and ferric oxide (.Al.::Os & Fe:Os) 
 
Parts per roillion 
17.0 3.0 1.2 
130.0 2.1 .7 78,2 1.5 .6 
 
Grains per U. S. gallon 
.991 .175 .070 7.581 .122 .041 4.561 .087 ,035 
 
PROBAB~ COMBINATIONS 
 
Potassium chloride 
 
Sodium chloride 
 
~ 
 
Magnesium sulphate 
 
Magnesium carbonate 
 
Caleium carbonate 
 
Alumina and ferrie oxide 
 
Silica 
 
Total solids Free carbon dioxide 
 
~ .. 
 
1.2 
 
. 
 
4.0 
 
. 
 
1.8 
 
. 
 
1.9 
 
. 139,6 
 
. 
 
.6 
 
. -1-7.0, 
 
. 166.1 . , 67,6 
 
.070 .233 .105 .111 8.141 .03'5 .991 
9.686 3,942 
 
HIGH ROCK SPRING 
 
FULTON COUNTY 
 
This spring is on Ormwood Road near the city'limits of. Atlanta 
and may be reached by the Soldier.s', ~om.e ele~tr;k car line which 
 
passes within two blocks of the spring. The improvements con- 
 
sist of .a spring house and a "mall bottling house, tog:ther with 
 
s 
 
 
t".o~ 
 
n 
., 
 
e 
 
curbing 
';, 
 
and 
 
protecting 
 
walis., 
 
No . 
 
provisions 'ai:" . . . . ,_ r: -;;., 
 
m'.a~de" for 
 
guests. 
 
 DESCRIPTIONS OF ,INDIVIDUAL SPRINGS 
 
8P 
 
The water from this spring has been sold in Atlanta for some years chiefly as a table water. It has also been used by the State Legislature for the last 3 sessions as a drinking water. both in the House and the Senate Chamber. The flow is approximately 6 gallons. per minute. 
 
ANALYSIS HIGH. ROCK SPRING 
 
NeutraZ 
 
Parts per 
 
CONSTITUEJ:ij'TS :QETERMINED 
 
million 
 
Silica (SiD,) 
 
. 
 
8.5 
 
Ohlorine (01) 
 
. 
 
5.2 
 
Sulphur trioxide (S03) 
 
.- 
 
.6 
 
Carbon dioxide (C02)  
 
46.7 
 
Sodium oxide (Na,O) 
 
. 
 
3.9 
 
Potassium oxide (!r:aO) Lime (CaO) Magnesia (MgO) Alumina (A120a) Ferric oxide (Fe20a) 
 
: 
 
.8 
 
. 
 
2.8 
 
. 
 
3.0 
 
,", . 
 
.4 
 
. 
 
.3 
 
Grains per U. S. gallon 
.496 .303 .035 .2.724 .227 .046 .163 .175 .023 .017 
 
PROBABLE COMBINATIONS 
 
Potassium chloride 
 
. 
 
1.4 
 
.082 
 
Sodium chloride 
 
. 
 
7.6 
 
.443 
 
I 
 
Calcium carbonate Magnesium carbonate .: Magnesium sulphate 
 
. 
 
5.0 
 
.292 
 
. 
 
5.7 
 
.332 
 
. 
 
.9 
 
.052 
 
Ferrous carbonate 
 
". 
 
.4 
 
.023 
 
Aluminum oxide 
 
. 
 
.4 
 
.023 
 
'Silica 
 
0'                 "      
 
8.5 
 
.496 
 
Total solids Free carbon dioxide 
 
" 
 
. 
 
29.9 
 
. 
 
41.2 
 
1.743 2.403 
 
HITCHCOCK SPRING 
'POLK COUNTY 
Hitchcock Spring .is on lot 192, tsth district, in the extreme northeast corner of Polk County, about 3 miles southeast of Taylors- 
ville.. The spring Is. unimproved, and but little us~(i.'it .furnishes 
2 'gallortsof water-per minute, which is said to form, a yellowish precipitate 'about 1~e drainway. 
 
 90 
 
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF GEORGIA 
 
ANALYSIS HITCHCOCK SPRING 
 
.LilkaUne-calcie-Chalybeate 
 
CONSTITUENTS DETERMINED 
 
Parts per million 
 
Silica (SiO,) .......... : . . . . .  . .  . . 
 
Chlorine (01) 
 
Sulphur trioxide (808)  Carbon dioxide (C02 )  Sodium oxide (N~O) .............. 
 
Potassium oxide (~O) 
 
Lime (OaO) 
 
Magnesia (MgO) 
 
' 
 
Alumina (A120s) 
 
Ferric oxide (FC:lOs) 
 
27.3 3.5 10.0 54.0 9.9 1.0 23.7 7.5 .5 . 4.5 
 
PROBABLE CO:MBINATIONS 
 
Potassium chloride 
 
Sodium chloride 
 
-, 
 
Sodium sulphate 
 
Magnesium sulphate 
 
Magnesium carbonate 
 
Calcium carbonate 
 
Ferrous carbonate 
 
Aluminum oxide 
 
Silka 
 
. 
 
1.5 
 
. 
 
4.6 
 
. 
 
17.1 
 
. 
 
 6 
 
. 
 
15.3 
 
. 
 
45.2 
 
. 
 
6.5 
 
. 
 
.5 
 
. 
 
27.3 
 
Grains per U:S. gallon 
1.592 .204 .583 
3.419 .577 .058 
1.382 .437 .029 .262 
.087 .268 .997 .035 .892 2.635 .379 .029 1.592 
 
Total solids Free carbon dioxide 
 
. 118.6 
 
. 
 
23.0 
 
6.914 1.341 
 
HOOTEN SPRING 
 
HARRIS COUNTY 
Hooten Spring is located 1 mile south of Hamilton, the county site of Harris County. It is a small, unimproved, chalybeate spring, having a local reputation only. The water has an irony taste, and yields, upon standing, a yellowish-brown precipitate. 
 
ANALYSIS HOOTEN SPRING 
 
Chalybeate 
 
Parts per 
 
CONSTITUENTS DETERMINED 
 
million 
 
Silica (Si02 ) Ohlorine (01) 
 
. 
 
13.00 
 
. 
 
6.00 
 
Sulphur trioxide (80s) 
 
. 
 
Carbon dioxide (C02 )  
 
Sodium oxide (Na20) 
 
. 
 
4.20 71.20 5.60 
 
Grains per U. S. gallon 
.758 .350 .245 4.152 .327 
 
  DESCRIPTIONS OF INDIVIDUAL SPRINGS 
 
91 
 
Potassium oxide (K:zO) 
 
. 
 
Lime (CaO) ...................... 
 
Magnesia (MgO) 
 
. 
 
Phosphorus pentoxide (P:.\O,) 
 
. 
 
Manganous oxide (MnO) 
 
. 
 
Alumina (A1:.lOs) 
 
. 
 
Ferrie oxide (FezOa) ._ 
 
. 
 
Hydrogen sulphate (H:S) 
 
. 
 
PROBABLE COMBINATIONS 
 
Potassium chloride ................ 
 
Sodium chloride 
 
. 
 
Sodium sulphate ................... 
 
Sodium phosphate 
 
. 
 
Magnesium sulphate 
 
. 
 
Magnesium carbonate 
 
. 
 
Calcium carbonate 
 
. 
 
Aluminum oxide 
 
. 
 
Ferrous carbonate 
 
. 
 
Silica 
 
. 
 
1.10 3.60 1.50 trace trace 
.70 7.30 
.36 
1.7 3.6 2.5 
trace 4.2 
.2 6.4 
.7 10.4 13.0 
 
.064 .210 .087 trace trace .041 .425 .021 
.099 .502 .146 trace .245 .012 .3'13 .041 .606 .758 
 
Total solids Free carbon dioxide Free hydrogen sulphide 
 
. 
 
42.7 
 
. 
 
64.1 
 
. 
 
.36 
 
2.782 3.738 
.021 
 
HORSESHOE SPRING 
 
FLOYD COUNTY 
This spring is located within 100 feet of the grounds of the State Deaf and Dumb School at Cave Spring, in the southern part of Floyd County. The water has a limited use only, being used chiefly by the students of the school and the people of the town. It has a very faint odor of sulphuretted hydrogen and a slight irony taste, The spring takes its name from the shape of the cement curbing which is in the form of a horseshoe. The flow is about one gallon per minute. 
 
ANALYSIS HORSESHOE SPRING 
AlkaUnecalcic-magnesic 
 
CONSTITUENTS DETERMINED 
 
Parts per million 
 
Silica (SiO,) ...................... 
 
14.0 
 
Chlorine (01) ... . . .  . .  . . . . . . . . . . . . 
 
4.2 
 
Sulphur trioxide (SOB) 
 
2.3 
 
Grains per U. S. gallon 
.816 .245 .134 
 
 92 
 
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF GEORGIA 
 
Carbon dioxide (C02)  Sodium oxide (N",0) ............... 
 
Potassium oxide (K20) 
 
. 
 
. Lime (CaO) ...................... 
 
Magnesia (MgO) ................... 
 
Alumina (A1,0,) 
 
. 
 
Ferric. oxide (Fe20S)   
 
PROBABLE COMBINATIONS 
 
Potassium chloride ................. 
 
Sodium chloride 
 
. 
 
Sodium sulphate .................... 
 
Calcium carbonate 
 
:. 
 
ldagnesiurnn carbonate .............. 
 
Magnesium sulphate 
 
. 
 
Aluminum oxide .................. 
 
Ferrous carbonate 
 
. 
 
Silica 
 
. 
 
165.3 3.5 .9 
52.1 33.3 
.8 2.0 
1.5 5.8 
.9 93.0 69.9 
2.7 .8 2.9 
14.0 
 
Total solids Free carbon dioxide 
 
. 191.5 
 
. 
 
85.7 
 
9.640 .204 .052 
3.038 1.942 . .047 
.117 
.087 .338 .052 5.424 4.076 .157 .047 .169 .816 
i1.166 4.997 
 
HUGHES MINERAL WELL 
 
FLOYD COUNTY 
 
Hughes' Mineral Well is on the Alabama public road 2;1, miles 
 
west of Rome. It is a dug well 4 feet in diameter and 25 feet deep. 
 
The only.improvement is a farm house near by. The water from 
 
this well has attracted attention for a number of years and has 
 
been more or less 'extensively sold in Rome and elsewhere as a 
 
mineral water.. 
 
ANALYSIS HUGHES MINERAL WELL 
 
Alkalinesaline.sulpho-magnesic-calCic 
 
Parts per 'Grains per: 
 
CONSTITUENTS DETERMINED 
 
million U. S. gallon 
 
Silica (SiO,) 
 
. 
 
1.5.87 
 
.925 
 
Chlorine (Cl) 
 
. 
 
38.50 
 
2.245 
 
Sulphur trioxide _.( SOa) .. ~ . ~ .:...._. .  . 227.90 
 
13.290 
 
Carbon dioxide (CO:J' ........ "..-. ~."" ~. 327.00 
 
19.069 
 
Sodium oxide (Na20) .. "." .......... 
 
.Potaselum orldil (K,O) 
 
.. 
 
47.20 1.54 
 
2.752 .089 
 
jfiIDe (CaO) , -,: 
 
.: 
 
' 
 
ignesia (Mg'!) 
 
.. 
 
Phosphorus penjoxide (P20G)  ; Alumina and ferric oxide (~03 & F~03) 
 
258.25 
 
15.066 
 
77.90 . .;,.,.' 4.542 
 
trace 
 
':~'haee 
 
1.44 
 
,084 
 
 DESCRIPTIONS OF INDIVIDUAL SPRINGS 
 
93 
 
PROBABLE COMBINATIONS 
 
Potassium chloride ........ 
 
Sodium Chloride -, 
 
. 
 
Sodium sulphate 
 
. 
 
Calcium sulphate Calcium carbonate 
 
. ;. 
 
Magnesium sulphate Alumina and ferric oxide Silica 
 
. 
. ~. 
 
Total solids 
 
. 
 
Free carbon dioxide 
 
. 
 
2.44 61.53 33.41 80.59 394.55 233.70 
1.44 15.87 
823.53 153.40 
 
.142 3.588 1.94S 4.699 23.008 13.628 
.084 .925 
48.022 8.946 
 
ILLGES SPRI:NG 
 
MUSCOGllll COUNTY 
 
IIlges Spring, a spring of supposed medicinal virtues, is located 
 
\ 
L 
 
on land lot No. 99, about 2Y, miles east of Columbus. The flow is about 5 gallons per minute. The water has a salty' taste and is 
 
reported to cure stomach troubles, constipation, etc. It is at pres- 
 
ent mainly used for domestic purposes. There are no improvements 
 
about the spring and no effort has been made to put the water on 
 
the market. 
 
ANALYSIS ILLGES SPRING 
 
Muriatea-saline 
CONSTITUENTS DETERMINED 
 
Parts per Grains per million U. S. gallon 
 
Siliea (SiD,) 
 
.. 
 
13.5 
 
.7S7 
 
Chlorine (01) 
 
. 246.3 
 
14.364 
 
Sulphur trioxide (SO,) 
 
.. 
 
4.4 
 
.257 
 
Carbon dioxide (C02)  
 
Sodium oxide (Na20) 
 
. 
 
Potassium oxide (K20) 
 
. 
 
Lime (OaO) 
 
. 
 
3.6 179.5 
16.0 24.0 
 
.209 10.468 
.933 1.400 
 
Magnesia (MgO) 
 
. 
 
6.6 
 
.385 
 
Alumina. and ferric oxide (A120a and 
 
Fe 20a) Nitric anhydride 
 
. 
 
1.5 
 
. 
 
20.0 
 
.087 1.166 
 
 
 
PROBABLR COMBINATIONS 
 
Potassium chloride Sodium nitrate Sodium chloride 
 
. 
 
25.4 
 
. 
 
27.4 
 
. 319.7 
 
1.481 1.597 18.645 
 
 94 
 
GEOLOGIOAL SURVEY OF GEORGIA 
 
Magnesium chloride 
 
Calcium sulphate 
 
Calcium chloride 
 
Calcium carbonate 
 
Alumina and Ferric oxide 
 
Silica 
 
' 
 
. 
 
26.1 
 
. 
 
7.4 
 
. 
 
38.8 
 
. 
 
2.5 
 
. 
 
1.5 
 
. 
 
13.5 
 
1.522 .432 
2.262 .146 .087 .787 
 
Total solids 
 
Free carbon dioxide 
 
', 
 
. 462.3 
 
. 
 
2.5 
 
26.959 .146 
 
INDIAN SPRINGS 
BU,TS COUNTY 
Indian Springs resort, one of the most noted watering places' in Georgia, is located 3 miles west of Flovilla, a station on the Southern Railway, and 37 miles northwest of Macon. A branch road, known as the. Flovilla and Indian Springs Railroad, connects the springs with the main line of the Southern Railway at Flovilla. 
Prior to the settlement of this part of the State by the white people, Indian Spring is said to have had quite a reputation among the Indians, on account of the healing qualities of its waters. This statement is substantiated by the fact that during the treaty of 1821 with the whites, the Creek Indians, then inhabiting that region, reserved the right to the spring, together with 1,000 acres in the immediate vicinity. After the removal of the Indians from Georgia the spring, together with the 1,000 acres of land, became the property of the State. Subsequently, all the land was disposed of to individuals, except 8 or 10 acres immediately surrounding the spring, which is still the property of the State. The State at present leases the property to parties who, within the last few years, have constructed within a few hundred feet of the spring, an excellent hotel known as the Wigwam, having accommodations for 300 guests. 
In addition to the hotel here referred to there are several other hotels near the spring some of which are said to be able to accommodate as many as 200 guest. The Wigwam hotel has a large swim- 
 
, 
 
 DESCRIPTIONS OF INDIVIDUAL SPRINGS 
 
95 
 
rning pool, sulphur baths, tennis courts, etc., for the accommodation of its guests, 
The spring flows from a small fissure in the gneissoid rock at 
 
the base of a low elevation on which the hotel is situated. The 
 
capacity of the spring is less than a gallon per minute. The water 
 
has a distinct odor of sulphuretted hydrogen, and it forms, in the 
 
bottom of the shallow basin into which it flows, a slight precipitate of a grayish or whitish color. 
 
ANALYSIS INDIAN SPRIN.G 
 
Alkaline-saline. Sodio. Sulphuretteil.; 
 
i 
 
Parts per Grains per 
 
CONSTITUENTS DETERMINED 
 
million U. S. gallon 
 
Silica (SiO,) 
 
. 
 
23.50 
 
1.370 
 
Ohlorine (01) 
 
. 
 
14.70 
 
.857 
 
Sulphurvtrioxide (80s) 
 
', 
 
. 
 
21.16 
 
1.234 
 
Carbon dioxide (C02 )  
 
62.86 
 
3:666 
 
Sodium oxide (Na20) 
 
. 
 
40.69 
 
2.373 
 
Potassium oxide (K::O) 
 
. 
 
2.74 
 
.160 
 
Lime (CaO) 
 
. 
 
17.12 
 
.998 
 
Magnesia (MgO) 
 
. 
 
3.30 
 
.192 
 
Phosphorus pentoxide (P20~) ....... 
 
.40 
 
.025 
 
Arsenic (As) ...................... 
 
trace 
 
trace 
 
Ferris oxide and Alumina (Fe:O: & ~03) 
 
1.00 
 
.058 
 
Lithia (LizO) 
 
. 
 
.045 
 
.002 
 
PROBABLE COMBINATIONS 
Lithium chloride Potassium chloride Sodium chloride Sodium sulphate Sodium phosphate Sodium carbonate Magnesium carbonate Calcium carbonate Alumina and ferric oxide Silica 
 
. 
 
.13 
 
. 
 
4.25 
 
. 
 
20.71 
 
. 
 
37.56 
 
. 
 
.92 
 
. 
 
22.75 
 
. 
 
6.93 
 
. 
 
30.57 
 
. 
 
1.00 
 
. 
 
23.50 
 
.007 .248. 1.208 2.190 .054 1.327 .404 1.783 .058 1.370 
 
Total solids Free carbon dioxide 
 
. 148.32 
 
. 
 
36.34 
 
8.649 2.119 
 
INMAN PARK MINERAL SPRING 
 
FULTON COUNTY 
Inman Park Mineral Spring, also known as "The Spa Spring," is located in Inman Park.. a beautiful residence park in the eastern 
 
 96 
 
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF GEORGIA 
 
part of Atlanta, The spring is small, furnishing less than 1 gallor, a minute. It is surrounded by a heavy wall of masonry, and is apparently well protected from local surface drainage. The water, upon standing, forms a heavy reddish-brown precipitate of iron sesqui-oxide. It has a slightly astringent taste, but it is otherwise a pleasant drinking water. 
 
ANALYSIS INMAN PARK MINERAL SPRING 
 
Chalybeate 
 
Parts per Grains per 
 
CONSTITUENTS DETERMINED 
 
. million 
 
Silica (Si02 )  
 
Chlorine (Cl) 
 
. 
 
7.20 5.50 
 
Sulphur, trioxide (803)  
Carbon dioxide (C02)  Sodium oxide (N~O"> .............. 
 
.60 33.40 
5.40 
 
Potassium oxide (K20) Lime. (CaO) 
 
. 
 
.20 
 
. 
 
1.20 
 
Magnesia (MgO) 
 
. 
 
1.22 
 
Manganous oxide (MnO) 
 
. 
 
trace 
 
Alumina (Al~03) 
 
. 
 
.20 
 
Ferric oxide (Fe20a) 
 
. 
 
6.60 
 
U. S.gallon .420 .321 .035 1.948 .315 .012 .070 .071 trace . .012' 
.385 
 
PROBABLE COMBINATIONS 
 
Potassium chloride 
 
. 
 
Sodium chloride 
 
. 
 
Sodium sulphate I  
 
Sodium carbonate 
 
. 
 
Manganese carbonate 
 
. 
 
Calcium carbonate 
 
. 
 
Magnesium carbonate 
 
. 
 
Ferrous carbonate 
 
. 
 
lLluDlinucrn oxide 
 
. 
 
Silica 
 
". 
 
.30 8.82 
.23 1,04 trace 2.14 2.56 9.57 
.20 7.20 
 
.017 .514 .013 .061 trace .125 .149 .558 .012 .420 
 
Total solids FTee carbon dioxide 
 
. 
 
32.06 
 
. 
 
27.08 
 
1.869 1.579 
 
JAMES MINERAL SPRING 
MADISON COUNTY 
James' Mineral Spring is about 8 miles southwest of Roystou near Broad River. It is a small chalybeate spring furnishing only one-half gallon per minute. The water has an iron taste and yields 
 
 DESCRIPTION'S OF'INDIvriJuAL SPRINGS 
 
97 
 
.a yellowish precipitate on standing. The spring-has. been opened to the public for only about 4 years. The improvements consist- of a number ofcottages for the accommodation of guests. The spring may be reached by the Southern Railway from Royston or Commerce, 8 and 14 miles respectively, or by the Seaboard Air Line Railway from Comer, 12 miles distant. 
 
ANALYSES OF JAMES MINERAL SPRING 
 
Chalybeate 
CONSTITUENTS DETERMINED 
 
Parts per Grains per million U. S. gallon 
 
Silica (SiO,) ...................... 
 
32.0 
 
Chlorine (01) 
 
,., . 
 
3.2 
 
Sulphur trioxide (SOa) 
 
. 
 
8.0 
 
Carbon dioxide (CO:) 
 
~"" 
 
36.6 
 
Sodium oxide (~~O) 
 
. 
 
9.4 
 
Potassium oxide (K20) Lime (CaO) 
 
. 
 
1.0 
 
. 
 
6.0 
 
Magnesia (MgO) 
 
. 
 
2.2 
 
Alumina (Al:0a)  ~  
 
1.6 
 
Ferric oxide (FelOs) .. ~ ~ 
 
. 
 
14.0 
 
1.866 .187 .467 2.134 .548 .058 .350 .128 .093 .816 
 
PROBABLE COMBINATIONS 
 
Potassium chloride 
 
. 
 
Sodium chloride 
 
Sodium sulphate 
 
Sodium carbonate 
 
Calcium carbonate 
 
Magnesium carbonate 
 
Ferrous carbonate 
 
Aluminum oxide 
 
, 
 
Silica 
 
. 
 
. 
 
. 
 
. 
 
".. " . 
 
. 
 
,, 
 
. 
 
. 
 
1.5 4.1 14.2 1.4 10.7 4.6 20.3 1.6. 32.0 
 
.087 .239 .833 .082 .624 .268 1.183 .093 1.866 
 
Total' 
 
,., 
 
~ee carbon dioxide 
 
, .. ",." " 90.4 
 
, .. 
 
21.8 
 
5.275 1,271 
 
JAY BIRD SPRING 
DODGE COUNTY 
. Jay Bird Spring is in the extreme northern part of Dodge County about 7 miles north of Helena. It is located in a swamp, the spring 
beiug reached by a. long, plank walkway. It was originally' a 
natural spring, butat present the water flows from a two-inch 'pipe 
 
 98 
 
GEOLOGIOAL aUIlVEY OF GEOIlGIA 
 
which has been driven to a depth of about 15 feet. The flow -is 5 gallons per minute. On the elevated ground near the edge of the swamp is a small hotel with nine rooms for the accommodation of guests. In the last few years a considerable amount of this water has been put on the market, chiefly as a medicinal water. There is a small bath house near the spring. 
 
ANALYSIS JAY BIRD SPRING 
 
Alkaline-calcic 
 
Parts per 
 
CONSTITUENTS DETERMINED 
 
million 
 
Silica (SiO,) ...................... 
 
Ohlorine (01) ................... 
 
Sulphur trioxide (80a) 
 
. 
 
Carbon dioxide (C02)  ~  
 
Sodium oxide (N 8.:0) 
 
. 
 
. Potassium oxide (K 20) Lime (OaO) 
 
. : ......... 
 
Magnesia (MgO) 
 
.' . 
 
Alumina (Al~03) 
 
. 
 
Ferric oxide (Fe 20,) 
 
.' . 
 
18.6 4.9 2.8 
185.6 6.5 1.3 
71.8 11.0 
.8 1.1 
 
PROBABLE COMBINATIONS 
 
Potassium chloride 
 
. 
 
Sodium chloride 
 
. 
 
Sodium sulphate ................... 
 
Sodium carbonate 
 
. 
 
. Calcium carbonate 
 
. 
 
Magnesium carbonate 
 
. 
 
Aluminum oxide 
 
. 
 
Ferrous carbonate 
 
. 
 
Silica 
 
. 
 
1.9 6.8 5.0 1.2 128.2 23.1 
.8 1.6 18.6 
 
Grains per U. S. gallon 
1.085 .286 .163 10.824 .379 .076 4:188 .641 .047 .064 
.111 .397 . .292 .070 7.476 1.347 .047 .093 1.085 
 
Total solids ' Free carbon dioxide 
 
. 187.2 . . 116:0 
 
10.918 6.765 
 
JOHNSON MINERAL SPRING 
GORDON COUNTY 
This is a small unimproved chalybeate. spriJ!;g;:whiCp:l)as quite a local reputation as a health restorer. It is located in the sandstone hills on the Johnson estate in the southeastern. part of Gordon County about 2 miles east of Boliver Station on the Louis- 
 
  DESCRIPTIONS OF INDIVIDUAL SPRINGS 
 
99 
 
ville and Nashville Railroad. The flow is approximately 2 gallons per minute. There is quite a precipitate of iron oxide to be seen. in the spring and 'also along the small stream which flows from it. 
 
ANALYSIS JOHNSON MINERAL SPRING 
 
.Lf.lkaline-calcic-Chalybeate 
Parts per 
 
CONSTITUENTS DETERMINED 
 
million 
 
Silica (SiO,) 
 
23.4 
 
Ohlorine (01) 
 
4.2 
 
Sulphur trioxide (SO,) 
 
15.0 
 
Carbon dioxide (CO,) 
 
93.0 
 
Soda (Na,O) 
 
9.6 
 
Potash (K,O) 
 
1.3 
 
Lime (OaO) 
 
53.6 
 
Magnesia (MgO) 
 
7.4 
 
Alumina (AI,O,) 
 
1.0 
 
Ferrie oxide (Fe~08) ............... 
 
5.0 
 
PROBABLE COMBINATIONS 
 
Potassium chloride 
 
2.1 
 
Sodium chloride 
 
5.3 
 
Sodium sulphate .................. 15.3 
 
Magnesium sulphate 
 
9.6 
 
Magnesium carbonate 
 
8.8 
 
Calcium carbonate 
 
95.7 
 
Aluminum oxide 
 
1.0 
 
;Ferrous carbonate 
 
7.2 
 
Silica 
 
23.4 
 
Grains per U. S. gallon 
1.364 .245 .875 
5.424 .560 .076 
3.126 .432 .058 .292 
.122 .309 .892 .560 .513 5.581 .058 .420 1.364 
 
Total solids Free carbon dioxide 
 
168.4 43.6 
 
9.819 2.543 
 
KAVANAUGH SPRING 
M USCOGllll COUNTY 
This spring is 3 miles northeast of Columbus near Lindsey Creek, about 150 yards below the crossing of this stream by the Southern Railway. The spring is unimproved, with the exception of a terra cotta curbing enclosed within a substantial granite wall. The flow is quite small, being only about 1 gallon in 5 minutes. On the opposite side of the creek and scarcely 50 yards distant is another spring known as the Sulphur Spring. As this spring had long been abandoned and was well filled with accumulated vege- 
 
 1! 
 
100 
 
GEOLOGIOAL SURVEY OF GEORGIA 
 
table matter ~t the ti'me of the writer's visit no sample of the water 
was collected from it for analysis. The following analysis was made 
from sample of water from the spring surrounded by the granite wall on the right side of the creek. 
 
ANALYSIS KAVANAUGH SPRING 
 
Alkali'1lccalcic 
 
Parts per 
 
CONSTITUENTS DETERMINED 
 
million 
 
Silica (SiD,) 
 
. 
 
Chlorine (01) 
 
. 
 
Sulphur trioxide (SOa) 
 
. 
 
Carbon dioxide (CO:) 
 
. 
 
Sodium oxide- (Na:O) 
 
. 
 
Potassium oxide (K:O) 
 
. 
 
Lime (CaD) 
 
. 
 
Magnesia (MgO) 
 
. 
 
Alumina (Al:Oa) . ',  
 
Ferric oxide (FC:!Oa) 
 
. 
 
35.0 7.0 50.9 133.6 17.0 2.5 82.8 7.1 .9 1.0 
 
PROBABLE COMBINATIONS 
 
Potassium chloride 
 
Sodium chloride 
 
Sodium sulphate 
 
Calcium sulphate 
 
Calcium carbonate 
 
Magnesium sulphate 
 
Aluminum oxide 
 
Ferrous carbonate 
 
Silica 
 
, 
 
. 
 
4.0 
 
. 
 
8.4 
 
. 
 
28.8 
 
. 
 
34.9 
 
. 123.1 
 
. 
 
21.3 
 
. 
 
.9 
 
. 
 
1.4 
 
. 
 
35.0 
 
'Grains per 
u. S. gallon 
2.041 .408 2.968 7.791 .991 .146 4.821 .414 .052 .058 
.233 .490 1.680 2.035 7.179 1.242 .052 .082 2.041 
 
Total solids Free carbon dioxide 
 
. 257.8 
 
. 
 
78.4 
 
15.034 4.572 
 
KELLEY SPRING 
FORSYTH COUNTY 
Kelley Spring is located on land lot 88, 2nd district, Forsyth County, about 2 miles southwest of Cumming. The flow is 2 gallons per minute. The water is locally used for its supposed medicinal properties. There is no improvement and no provision for the accommodation of guests, at present; however, the owner advises that a hotel will likely soon be constructed. 
 
 DESCRIPTIONS OF INDIVIDUAL SPRINGS 
 
101 
 
ANALYSIS KELLEY SPRING 
 
Neutral 
 
CONSTITUENTS DETER:MINED 
 
Parts per . million 
 
Silica (S1O,) 
 
. 
 
Chlorine (01) ............. 
 
Sulphur trioxide (SO,) 
 
. 
 
Carbon dioxide (CO:) 
 
. 
 
Sodium oxide (N3.:l0) 
 
. 
 
Potassium oxide (K:O) 
 
. 
 
Lime (OaO) ..................... 
 
Magnesia (MgO) ................ 
 
Alumina (Al~Oa) 
 
. 
 
Ferric oxide (F~08) .............. 
 
8.0 3.5 
trace 
15.0 2.5 ", 6 
2.2 3.3 1.0 1.0 
 
PROBABLE COMBINA.TIONS 
 
Potassium chloride 
 
Sodium chloride 
 
Calcium carbonate 
 
Magnesium carbonate 
 
Aluminum oxide 
 
: 
 
Ferrous carbonate 
 
Silica 
 
. 
 
1.1 
 
. 
 
5.1 
 
. 
 
2.8 
 
. 
 
7.0 
 
. 
 
1.0 
 
. 
 
1.5 
 
. 
 
8.0 
 
"Grains per U. S. gallon 
.466 .204 trace .875 .146 .035 .128 .192 .058 .058 
.064 .297 .1&3 .408 .058 .087 .466 
 
Total solids Free carbon dioxide" 
 
. 
 
26.5 
 
. 
 
9.9 
 
1.543 .577 
 
KEYSTONE SPRING 
 
LAUR.;NS COUNTY 
 
This spring, also known 'as the Reinhart Mineral Spring, is 
 
located near the Dublin-Macon public road 8 miles west of Dublin. 
 
The flow is only one-third of a gallon per minute. There is no 
 
improvement about the spring except a cement catchment basin, 
 
holding 100 gallons or more. Within the last few years a .con- 
 
siderable amount of this water has been shipped to Macon and other 
 
points where it has been sold as a medicinal water. The spring 
 
flows from a fossil-bearing siliceous rock near the base of a low hill 
 
wooded with an original forest of oaks, etc. 
 
ANALYSIS KEYSTONE SPRING 
 
Neutral 
 
Parts per 
 
CONSTITUENTS DETERYINED 
 
million 
 
Silica (SiO,) ..................... 
 
1.9 
 
Ohlorine (01) .............. 
 
4.0 
 
Grains per U. S. gallon 
.111 .233 
 
  102 
 
GEOLOGIOAL SURVEY OF GEORGIA 
 
Sulphur trioxide (SO,) 
 
. 
 
Carbon dioxide (COs) 
 
. 
 
Sodium oxide (Na,O) 
 
.. 
 
Potassium oxide (K,O) 
 
.. 
 
Lime (CaO) 
 
. 
 
Magnesia (MgO) 
 
.. 
 
Alumina (Al,O,) 
 
.. 
 
Ferric oxide (F~Oa) 
 
~ . 
 
PROBABLR COMBINATIONS 
 
Potassium chloride 
 
. 
 
Sodium chloride 
 
. 
 
Sodium sulphate 
 
. 
 
Calcium carbonate ........... 
 
!{agnesiuoon carbonate .............. 
 
Ferrous carbonate 
 
. 
 
Aluminum oxide 
 
. 
 
Sjliea 
 
. 
 
Total solids 
 
;. 
 
Free carbon dioxide 
 
. 
 
traee 28.3 
2.8 1.0 2.8 
.7 .1 .3 
1.6 5.4 trace 5.0 1.5 
.4 .1 1.9 
15.9 26.2 
 
trace 1.650 
.163 .058 .163 .041 .006 .017 
.093 .315 trace .292 .087 .023 .006 .111 
.927 1.528 
 
LIFSEY SPRING 
PIKJ;; COUNTY 
This spring, is located about 6 miles southwest of Zebulon on land lot 5~, 9th district of Pike County. It is a large thermal spring furnishing 100 gallons or more per minute, having a temperature of 79 F. The spring is beautifully located in a broken country near the foot of Pine Mountain, and is quite similar to Thundering Spring, which has a like location a few miles farther to the southwest. A few years ago considerable improvements, consisting of a 40-room hotel and two very large cement bathing pools were con~tructed at this spring with a view of making it a permanent health resort, but at the time of the writer's visit, 5 years ago, the hotel had been burned and nothing remained but the bathing pools and 4 or 5 cottages. A peculiarity of this spring, in addition to the abnormal temperature of its water, is that the water comes up in numerous "boils" through white sand carrying with it a large amount of air in the form of bubbles. 
 
 DESCRIPTIONS OF INDIVIDUAL SPRINGS 
 
103 
 
ANALYSIS LIFSEY SPRING' 
 
Thermal. ,dZkaline-calcic-magne8'io 
 
Parts per 
 
CONSTITUENTS DETERMINED 
 
Silica (SiO,) ............ ,' .. ,. 
 
Chlorine (01) 
 
. 
 
million 15.5 4.2 
 
Sulphur trioxide (SO,) 
 
. 
 
3.8 
 
Carbon dioxide (CO:) 
 
. 110.0 
 
Sodium oxide (No,O) 
 
, 
 
.. 
 
11.0 
 
Potassium oxide (K"O) 
 
.. 
 
2.9 
 
Lime (000) 
 
.. 
 
33.1 
 
Magnesia (MgO) 
 
,, 
 
17.5 
 
Alumina (AI,O,) 
 
. 
 
.7 
 
Ferric oxide (F6:1,O.) 
 
. 
 
.5 
 
PROBABLlll COHBINATIONS 
 
Potassium chloride 
 
. 
 
5.1 
 
Sodium chloride 
 
. 
 
3.3 
 
Sodium sulphate .................. 
 
6.8 
 
Sodium carbonate 
 
. lo.s 
 
Calcium carbonate 
 
: 
 
. 
 
59.1 
 
Magnesium carbonate 
 
. 
 
36.8 
 
Ferrous carbonate 
 
. 
 
.7 
 
Aluminum oxide 
 
. 
 
.7 
 
Silica 
 
. 
 
15.5 
 
Grains per U. S. gallon 
.904 .245 .222 6.415 .642 .169 1.930 1.020 .041 
.0~9 
.297 .192 .397 .630 3.447 2,146 .041 .041 .904 
 
Total solids 
 
", 
 
.Free carbon dioxide 
 
. 138.8 
 
. 
 
60.0 
 
8.095 3.499. 
 
LOUCHWELL 
 
COBB COUNTY 
 
The Louch well was put down in October, 1903.' It is 6 inches 
 
in diameter, 80 feet deep, and furnishes' about 1,500 gallons in 24 
 
hours. The water rises to within 5 feet of the surface. This well 
 
is located within about 75 yards of the Medlock well and nearer 
 
Sweetwater Creek. The water was formerly extensively sold in 
 
Atlanta and elsewhere under the name of Benscot Lithiawater but 
 
it is not now put on the market. 
 
ANALYSIS r.otrca WELL 
 
Muriated-sali'lle-lithio 
 
Parts per 
 
CONSTITUENTS DETERllINED 
Silica (SiO,) Chlorine (Cl) 
 
million .. 11.60 .. 3,134.16 
 
Grains per 
V.S.gallon 
.677 
182.777 
 
 -i 
 
Sulphur trioxide (:SQa)  -', 
 
',' ; . . '.' . 485.15 
 
Carbon dioxidE}.(yOa) 
 
:. 
 
95.19 
 
Sodium oxide , (Na::O) 
 
. 2,681.58 
 
/" ,Potassium oxide (EaO) 
 
. 
 
I6.94 
 
Lime (OaO) " 
 
. 216.21 
 
,Ji!agnes;a (MgO) .................. 
 
44.43 
 
.Phoaphorua pentoxide (PaO,) 
 
. trace 
 
Eromine (Br) 
 
. 
 
2.82 
 
.Alumina (AI20a) .. 
 
.40 
 
Ferric oxide (F~03) ..... ~ 00 00  00  
 
.64 
 
Manganese (MnO) ................. 
 
trace 
 
Barium oxide (Ba:O) 
 
. 
 
.25 
 
Lithia (LillO) 
 
00  00 
 
. 
 
8.16 
 
PROBABLE COMBINATIONS 
 
Lithium chloride 
 
. 
 
Potassium chloride 
 
'. 
 
Potassium bromide 
 
. 
 
Sodium chloride 
 
. 
 
Sodium phosphate 
 
00 
 
. 
 
sulphate . Magnesium 
 
00  00  
 
Calcium sulphate 
 
. 
 
Barium SUlphate 
 
. 
 
Aluminum sulphate 
 
. 
 
Ferrous carbonate 
 
. 
 
Silica 
 
. 
 
24.67 119.50 
4.20 5,070.90 
trace 133.30 610.80 
.38 1.36 1.22 11.60 
 
~8.293 
5.581 156.734 
4.481 16.107 
2.591 
trace 
.121 .023 .037 trace .015 .511 
1.430 6.969 
.245 295.125 
trace 1.174 39.120 .022 
.019 .011 .611 
 
Total solids .. .-00  00  ' Free carbon dioxide 
 
' 6,037.93 70.10 
 
352.112 4,088 
 
The waters from the Medlock and Louch wells, and also the water from the "Artesian Lithia" well, are rather remarkable waters on account of the high percentage of sodium chloride. This is especially true when it is taken into consideration that the water in each case is obtained from granite-geniss and that all the rocks for miles "round are all highly crystalline. 
 
McCRANIE WELL 
BERRIEN COUNTY 
This is a private well located within the corporate limits of Sparks. The well is 21 feet deep and the water rises to within 7 feet of the surface. It is claimed by the owner of this well that the water when first drawn has .a decided odor of sulphureted hydrogen, 
 
  DESCRIP.TIONS OF IJrDIVIDUAL SPRINGS 
 
105 
 
and that it possesses certain.medicinal properties. The chief charac- 
 
teristic of the water seems- to be-its remarkable freedom from mineral 
 
matter. 
 
ANALYSIS McCRANIE WELL 
 
Ne'lJ,tra~ 
 
Parts per 
 
CONSTITUENTS DETERMINED 
Silica (SiO,) Chlorine (GI) 
 
million 
 
.. 
 
6.0 
 
.. 
 
4.0 
 
Sulphur trioxide (SOa) 
 
'. 
 
Carbon dioxide (CO~) .............. 
 
Sodium oxide (Na:O) 
 
. 
 
Potassium oxide (~O) 
 
. 
 
. Lime (CaO) 
 
.. 
 
Magnesia (MgO) 
 
. 
 
Alumina (Al:O,) 
 
. 
 
Ferric oxide (Fe:Oa) 
 
. 
 
Hydrogen sulphide (H:S) 
 
. 
 
trace 42.0 
3.0 trace 
.2 . .2 .5 1.0 .5 
 
Grains per U. S. gallon 
.350 .233 trace 2.449 .175 trace .012 .012 .029 .058 .029 
 
PROBABLE COMBINATIONS 
Potassium chloride Sodium chloride Magnesium chloride -Caleium carbonate Ferrous carbonate Aluminum oxide Silica 
 
. 
 
trace 
 
. 
 
5.6 
 
. 
 
.6 
 
. 
 
.3 
 
. 
 
1.4 
 
. 
 
.5 
 
. 
 
6.0 
 
trace .327 .035 .017 .081 .029 ",350 
 
Total solids Free carbon dioxide 
 
. 
 
14.4 
 
. 
 
41.0 
 
.839 2.391 
 
MADISON SPRING 
MADISON COUNTY 
This spring is in the northern part of Madison County about 
"I miles north of ,Danielsville, the county site. Royston, on the 
Elberton Air Line' Railroad, is the nearest railroad station. Previous to the Civil War this spring was a very popular resort, but of late years it is seldom visited, except by the people in the immediate vicinity. The improvements, which are said to have once been quite extensive, have now all disappeared, with the exception of a few cottages much out of repair. The spring is small, furnishing less than 2 gallons per minute. 
 
 106 
 
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF GEORGI.J. 
 
ANALYSIS MADISON SPRING 
. Light alkaline-saline 
 
CONSTITUENTS DETERMINED 
 
Parts per million 
 
Siliea (SiO,) ....................... 
 
Chlorine (Cl) 
 
. 
 
Sulphur trioxide (SOa) 
 
. 
 
Carbon dioxide (CO:) 
 
. 
 
Sodium oxide (Na,O) -: 
 
. 
 
Potassium oxide (K,O) ............. 
 
Lime (CaO) ............ , 
 
. 
 
Magnesia (MgO) ................. 
 
Phosphorus pentoxide (P:06)  
 
Alumina (Al,O,) 
 
. 
 
Femc oxide (Fe20a) 
 
. 
 
38.60 5.25 9.28 38.80 
12.30 3.04 9.10 3.86 trace .10 1.00 
 
l'ROBABLB COMBINATIONS 
Potassium chloride Sodium. chloride Sodium sulphate Sodium phosphate Sodium carbonate ]{agnesium. earbonate Calcium carbonate Aluminum sulphate Ferrous carbonate Silica 
 
. 
 
5.40 
 
~. 
 
4.42 
 
. 
 
16.46 
 
. 
 
trace 
 
. 
 
4.72 
 
. 
 
8.10 
 
. 
 
16.25 
 
. 
 
.34 
 
. 
 
1.55 
 
. 
 
38.60 
 
Grains per U. S. gallon 
2.251 .306 .541 
2.263 .717 .177 .531 .225 trace .006 .058 
.315 .258 .960 traee .275 .472 .948 .020 .090 2.251 
 
Total solids Free carbon dioxide 
 
. 
 
95.84 
 
. 
 
24.90 
 
5.589 1.452 
 
MAGNOLIA SPRING 
SUM'I'I(R COUNTY 
Magnolia Spring, a resort of local importance, has been known for many years. It is located about 7}1: m!les northwest of Americus, near the public road leading to Friendship. .The flow is about 20 gallons per minute. The improvements consist of a dancing pavilion, a bath house and a number of small cottages. The spring furnishes an ideal place for picnics and public !i:atherings. It is no uncommon thing to see collected here during the summer or the early spring a thousand or more people on a picnic or pleasure outing. 
 
 DESCRIPTIONS OF INDIVIDUAL SPRINGS 
 
107 
 
ANALYSIS MAGNOLIA SPRING 
 
AZkali'l.6-calcio 
 
Parts per 
 
CONSTITUENTS DETERMINED 
 
million 
 
Siliea (SiO,) 
 
. 
 
Ohlorine (01) ........ : ... 
 
Sulphur trioxide (SO.) .......... 
 
Carbon dioxide (eOa) 
 
. 
 
Sodium oxide (Na20) 
 
. 
 
Potassium oxide (K 20) 
 
. 
 
Lime (OaO) ...................... 
 
Magnesia (MgO) ................ 
 
Alumina (Al20S)  
 
Ferric oxide, (Fe20s) 
 
. 
 
11.0 4.0 
10.0 98.0. 
5.4 .9 
39.8 5.3 .4 5.7 
 
PROBABLE COHBINATIONS 
Potassium chloride Sodium chloride Sodium sulphate Calcium carbonate Magnesium sulphate Magnesium carbonate Aluminum oxide Ferrous carbonate Silica 
 
. 
 
1.9 
 
. 
 
5.0 
 
. 
 
6,2 
 
. 
 
71.0 
 
. 
 
9.8 
 
. 
 
4.2 
 
. 
 
.4 
 
. 
 
9.2 
 
. 
 
11.0 
 
Grains per U. S. gallon 
.641 .233 .583 5.715 .315 .052 2.321 .309 .023 .332 
.111 .291 .361 4.140 .571 .245 .023 .536 .641 
 
Total- solids Free carbon dioxide 
 
. 118.7 
 
. 
 
46.2 
 
6.919 2.694 
 
MAJORS MINERAL SPRING 
CHATTOOGA'COUNTY 
This spring, also" known as Menlo Mineral Spring, is in the western part of Chattooga County, only a few hundred yards from the corporate limits of Menlo. The main spring, from which the sample of water was taken for analysis, furnishes only about' 1 gallon perminute, ,The water deposits quite a precipitate of iron oxide and has a distinct astringent taste. It issues as a small stream from a fissure in the Devonian black shale. The only improvement at the time of the writer's visit was a small, poorly constructed boarding house located on the hill just above the spring. Locally, Majors Mineral Spring has quite a reputation, being much visited by people from Chattooga and the surrounding counties. 
 
 108 
 
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF GEORGIA 
 
j' 
 
ANALYSIS MA.JORS MINERAL SPRING 
 
Sulphated al1111itllO'U.:!-sali1le-chalybeate 
 
Parts per 
 
CONSTITUENTS DETERMINED 
 
million 
 
Blliea (SiO,) 
 
. 
 
Chlorine (01) 
 
. 
 
Sulphur trioxide (SOa) 
 
. 
 
Carbon dioxide (CO:) 
 
. 
 
Sodium oxide (Na:O) 
Potassium oxide (~O) 
 
. :. 
 
Lime (CaO) ....................... 
 
Magnesia (MgO) 
 
. 
 
Phosphorus pentoxide (P:Or;) 
 
. 
 
Manganous oxide (MnD) 
 
. 
 
Alumina (AI:Oa) . 
 
Ferrie oxide (F~03) 
 
. 
 
65.30 5.60 137.00 77.90 11.60 
.92 13.30 
6.00 trace 
1.40 40.50 49.50 
 
Grains per U. S. gallon 
3.808 .327 
7.990 '4.543 
.676 .053 .776 .350 trace .082 2.362 2.304 
 
PROBABLE COMBINATIONS 
Potassium chloride Sodium ehloride Sodium sulphate Sodium phosphate Magnesium sulphate Calcium sulphate Manganese carbonate , Aluminum sulphate ." Ferrous sulphate Ferrous carbonate Silica 
 
. 
 
1.46 
 
. 
 
7.35 
 
. 
 
17.63 
 
. 
 
trace 
 
. 
 
18.00 
 
. 
 
32.30 
 
. 
 
3.00 
 
. 135.80 
 
. 
 
1.40 
 
. 
 
66.28 
 
. 
 
65.30 
 
.085 .429 1.028 trace l.V50 1.884 .175 7.920 .082 3.282 3.808 
 
Total solids 
 
: 
 
. 
 
Free carbon .dioxlde .............. 
 
348.52 51.36 
 
19.743 2.995 
 
MARTIN MINERAL SPRiNG W HlTl'IIlLD COUNTY 
This spring is located among the foot-hills of Chattoogata Mountain about 2 miles southwest of Dalton. It is a small chalybeate spring furnishing only about one-half gallon per minute. The water, which has a distinct irony taste, issues from the Devonian black shale. There is no improvement about the spring, except a curbing and a small shed-like spring house. 
The spring is much visited during the summer months by the people of Dalton, many of whom speak in the highest terms of the curative properties of the water. 
 
 DESCRIPTIONS OF INDIVIDUAL SPRINGS 
 
109 
 
ANALYSIS 'MARTIN MINERAL SPRING 
 
Chalybea.te 
 
Parts per 
 
CONSTI'l'UENTS DETERMINED 
 
million 
 
Silica (SiG!) Chlorine (CI) 
 
. 
 
28.50 
 
,. 
 
5.10 
 
Sulphur trioxide eSOa) 
 
. 
 
Carbon dioxide (C0 2 )  :  
 
Sodium oxide (Na:.O) 
 
. 
 
Potassium oxide (K 20) .. , .- 
 
. 
 
Lime (CaO) 
 
, 
 
. 
 
Magnesia (MgO) 
 
. 
 
Phosphorus pentoxide (P20~) 
 
. 
 
17.92 63.20 
8.66 4.00 21.40 12.61 trace 
 
Manganous oxide (MnO) 
 
. 
 
Alumina (.iU20a) ....... 
 
Fer.r~c oxide (Fe:Oa) 
 
. 
 
trace 1.00 
10.30 
 
PROBABLE COMBINATIONS- 
 
Potassium chloride 
 
Sodium chloride Sodium sulphate Sodium phosp-hate 
 
Magnesium sulphate - 
 
Magnesium carbonate 
 
Calcium carbonate 
 
Manganese carbonate 
 
Aluminum sulphate 
 
Ferrous carbonate 
 
Silica 
 
: 
 
. 
 
6.23 
 
. 
 
3.46 
 
', 
 
15.64 
 
. 
 
trace 
 
. 
 
10.11 
 
. 
 
19.40 
 
. 
 
38.21 
 
. trace 
 
. 
 
3.35 
 
. 
 
14.94 
 
. 
 
28.50 
 
Grains per U. S. gallon 
1.662 .297 1.045 
3.686' .505 .233 
1.248 .735 
trace trace 
.058 .601 
.363 .202 .912 trace .584 1.131 2.228 trace .195 .871 1.662 
 
Total solids Pree carbon dioxide 
 
. 139.84 
 
. 
 
31.00 
 
8.148 1.808 
 
MEDLOCK WELL' 
 
COBB COUNTY 
This well, now known as "Old Salt," .is near the left bank of Sweetwater Creek, five-eights of amile northwest of Austell and . only a few hundred yards southwest of the Sulpha-Magnesia Artesian well. It is located within a few rods of the old Medlock Spring now no longer in use, but which formerly had a considerable reputation as a mineral spring. The well was completed in 1903. 
 
1 The water from this well mixed in the proportion ot 1 to 2, with the water 
 
from the Artesian Lithia Well forms the Benscot Llth~a Water as now put on the 
 
market. 
 
. 
 
 110 
 
GEOLOGICA.L SURVEY OF GEORGIA. 
 
It is 6 inches in diameter and 65 feet deep. The water which is said to flow several gallons per minute, rises to within 5 feet of the surface. It has been used chiefly for medicinal purposes. 
 
ANALYSIS MEDLOCK WELL 
 
Murw,ted-saline-calcic-lithic 
 
Parts per 
 
CONSTITUENTS DETERMINED' 
 
million 
 
Silica (SiOa)  Ohlorfne (01) ................. 
 
Sulphur trioxide (SOa) 
 
. 
 
Carbon dioxide (C02 )  
 
Sodium oxide (NasO) 
 
. 
 
Potassium oxide (KsO) 
 
. 
 
Lime (OaO) ...................... 
 
Magnesia (MgO) .................. 
 
Alumina & ferric oxide (AlaOa & Fe:Os) 
 
Phosphorus pentoxide (PaDs) 
 
. 
 
Manganese (MnO) 
 
. 
 
Lithia (Li,O) ..................... 
 
26.20 4,769.26 
641.60 93.38 3,759.19 77.47 667.05 89.20 18.40 
.11 trace 14.45 
 
Grains per U. S. gallon 
1.528 278.144 
37.417 5.446 
219.228 4.518 38.901 5.202 1.073 .006 trace .834 
 
PROBABLE COMBINATIONS 
 
Lithium chloride 
 
; 
 
Potassium chloride : 
 
Sodium chloride 
 
Sodium phosphate Magnesium carbonate 
 
Calcium sulphate 
 
Calcium carbonate 
 
Calcium chloride 
 
Manganese carbonate . 
 
Alumina and ferric oxide 
 
Silica 
 
. 
 
41.86 
 
. 122.80 
 
. .7,093.80 
 
. 
 
.20 
 
. 267.60 
 
. 787.40 
 
. 
 
40.70 
 
. 634,40 
 
. 
 
trace 
 
. 
 
18.40 
 
. 
 
26.20 
 
2.441 7.161 413.696 
.012 15.607 45.920 
2.782 36.997 trace 
1.073 1.528 
 
Total solids Free carbon dioxide 
 
. 9,033.36 
 
. 
 
93.38 
 
527.217 5.446 
 
MERIWETHER WHITE SULPHUR SPRINGS 
MERIWETHER COUNTY 
Within the last few years these springs have been greatly improved and as a result the accommodations compare favorably with the best summer resorts of the state. In addition to a we1l-arranged modern hotel, there are also a large number of attractive cottages 
 
 DESCRIPTIONS, OF INDIVIDUAL SPRINGS 
 
111 
 
for the accommodation of guests. The grove of large oaks and the pavilion-like spring house make the grounds very attractive. The springs are located near the foot of Pine Mountain within a short distance from Meriwether Springs Station on the Central of ~eorgia Railway, and also near Durand Station on the Atlanta, Birmingham and Atlantic Railway. There is a group of some 4 or 5 springs, forming the so-called Meriwether White Sulphur Springs, but the analyses of only 3 of these springs, namely the White Sulphur, the Red Sulphur, and the Iron Spring, are given below. The White Sulphur Spring has a distinct odor of hydrogen sulphide and forms, at the point where it overflows its basin, a grayish-white precipitate; the Red Sulphur spring deposits a reddish-brown precipitate. 
ANALYSES MERIWETHER WHITE SULPHUR SPRINGS 
 
I 
 
II 
 
III 
 
CONSTITUENTS 
 
Parts Grains 
 
DETERMINED 
 
per per 
 
. 
 
million gallon 
 
Silica (Si02) _____________ 47.1 Chlorine (Cl) ________ ~ ___ 7.0 Sulphur tricxide (SO.) ____ 6.6 Carbon dioxide (C02) ____ 100.0 Sodium oxide (Na20) _____ 14.3 
Potassium oxide (K20) ___ 3.4 Lhne (CaO) _____________ 24.5 Magnesia (MgO)_______ c_ 6.0 Alumjna (Al2O.),"_______ .4 Ferric oxide (Fe20a) _____ 3.6 
 
2,747 
.408 .385 5.832 .832 .198 1.429 .350 .023 .210 
 
Phosphorus pentoxide (P20.) _______________ trace 
Mangauous oxide (MuO) __ trace 
 
trace trace 
 
PROBABLE COMBINATIONS 
Potassium chloride _______ Sodium chloride__________ Sodium' sulphate_____ ___ 
Sodium phosphate________ Sodium carbonate ________ Calcium carbonate _______ 
 
5.4 7.3 10,0 
trace 
16.6 43.7 
 
.314 .426 .585 
trace .970 2.551 
 
Parts Grains Parts 
 
per 
 
per 
 
per 
 
million gallon million 
 
32.8 1.913 42.1 
 
3.5 .204 3.4 
 
5.2 .303 10.2 
 
82.6 4.817 68.5 
 
18.7 1.091 14.7 
 
1.9' .111 3.4 
 
29.0 1.691 29.5 
 
4.6 .268 4.5 
 
.6 .03'5 
 
.7 
 
1.1 .064 3.0 
 
---- ---- ------- ---- ---- 
3.0 .175 5.4 3.4 .198 ,1.3 9.2 .537 18.6 ---- ---- ---22.0 1.283 10.2 51.8 3.021 52.7 
 
Grains per 
gallon 
2.449 .193 .595 3.995 .857 .198 1.720 .262 .041 .175 
---- 
---- 
.315 .076 1.085 ---.595 3.074 
 
 112 
 
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF GEORGIA 
 
PROBABLE COMBINATIONS 
 
I 
 
Parts Grains 
 
per 
 
per 
 
million . gallon 
 
II 
 
Parts Grains 
 
per 
 
per 
 
million gallon 
 
III 
 
Parts Grains 
 
aIl per 
 
er 
 
million g on 
 
Magnesium carbonate____ Manganese carbonate_____ Aluminum sulphate..__ - -Aluminum oxide_________ 
Ferrouscarbonate___ - ---Silica______________ ----- 
 
12.6 trace 
1.4 
---- 
5.2 47.1 
 
.735 trace .079 
---- 
.304 2.747 
 
9.6 .560 
 
9.5 .554 ' 
 
---- ---- ---- ---- 
 
---- ---- ---- ---- 
 
.6 .035 
 
.7 .041 
 
1.6 .093 
 
4.4 ' .257 
 
32.8 1. 913 , 42.0 2.449, 
 
Total solids _________ 149.4 8.711 134.0 7.815 144.8 8.446 Free carbon dioxide______ 70.48 4.110 45.1 2.630 34.4 2.006 
 
I White Sulphur Spring 
 
II Red Sulphur Spring 
 
nr Iron Spring 
 
MILLER'S MINERAL SPRING 
BALDWIN COUNTY 
This spring is within the corporate limits of Milledgeville, about one-fourth mile north of the court house. It 'is a never failing spring, furnishing 1}1, g~llons per minute. Within the last few years a considerable amount of this water has been put on the market, both as a drinking and as a meidcinal water. The spring is unimproved, being situated within, a short distance of the residence, of the owner, W. W. Miller. 
 
ANALYSIS MILLER MINERAL SPRING 
 
Alkali1le-caZcia 
 
Parts per 
 
CONSTITUENTS DETERMINED 
 
million 
 
Silica (8iO,) 
 
. 
 
Chloriue (Cl) 
 
. 
 
Sulphur trioxide (803)  
 
Carbon dioxide (CO2)  
 
Sodium oxide (Na20) 
 
". 
 
Potassium oxide (KllO) 
 
. 
 
Lime (CaO) 
 
; 
 
. 
 
Magnesia (MgO) .................. 
 
Alumina. (A120a) 
 
-. 
 
Ferrie oxide (F~03) ............... 
 
Nitrogen pentoxide (N:Oa) 
 
. 
 
45.6 64.0 7.0 99.0 29.7 
2.5 50.7 25.7 
.4 .3 I.9 
 
Grains per U. S. gallon 
2.659 3.732 .408 5.773 1.732 
.146 2.957 1.499 
.023 .01g .Il1 
 
  I 
 
DESCRIPTIONS OF INDIVIDUAL SPRINGS 
 
113 
 
PROBABLE COMBINATIONS 
 
Potassium chloride 
 
~ 
 
. 
 
Sodium nitrate 
 
. 
 
Sodium chloride ............ 
 
Magnesium chloride 
 
. 
 
Magnesium sulphate 
 
. 
 
Magnesium carbonate 
 
. 
 
Caleium carbonate 
 
. 
 
Aluminum oxide 
 
. 
 
Ferric oxide 
 
. 
 
Siliea 
 
. 
 
Total solids 
 
. 
 
Free carbon dioxide 
 
. 
 
4.0 3.0 52.6 39.5 10.5 11.5 90.5 
.4 .3 45.6 
257.9 53.2 
 
.233 .175 3.068 2.303 .612 .670 5.278 .023 .018 2.659 
15.039 3.102 
 
MINERAL SPRINGS SUMMER RESORT 
WALKER COUNTY 
The Mineral Springs Summer Resort is located in the gap of Pigeon Mountain 4 miles north of LaFayette and about 24 miles south of Chattanooga. This resort, which has only been recently opened, can be reached either by the Central of Georgia Railway or the Tennessee, Alabama and Georgia Railroad, both roads having stations within two miles of the resort. It can also be. reached by the .Government Highway which runs to within a short distance of the resort. The location is all that could be desired for a summer resort. It is near the northern terminus of Pigeon Mountain in what is known as Catlett Gap, a natural wind gap counecting Chattooga Valley with the valley of West Chickamauga Creek. The improvements at present consist of a club house, a sco~e or more of open air sleeping rooms, large dining hall and kitchen, pool room, and baths, together with tennis court, bowling alley, artificial lake, etc. Near the club house, and connected with it by . a nice paved, graded way, is a group of springs said to be 21 in number, which furnish the water supply for drinking and other purposes. The character of these waters are shown by the following analyses of samples taken from springs Nos. 1; 2, 10, and 21. ' 
 
 114 
 
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF GEORGIA 
 
--" 
 
ANALYSES MINERAL SPRINGS SUMMER RESORT 
 
I 1 
1 
 
~ 
 
! 
10 
1 
 
, 21 
1 
 
CONSTITUENTS DETERMINED 
 
Parts Grains Parts Grains Parts Grains Parts Grains per per per per per per per per million gallon million gallon million gallon million gallon 
 
8ilica (8i02) _____________ 23.4 ,1.341 19.0 1.108 12.0 .700 
Chlorine (Cl)------------ 4.2 .245 7.0 .408 4.2 .245 Sulphur trioxide (803) ____ 10.6 .618 14.0 .816 1.6 .093 
Carbon dioxide (C02) ____ 117.0 6.822 137.0 7.989 148.0 8.632 Sodium oxide (Na 2O) _____ 7.5 .437 16.0 .933 4.7 .274 
Potassium oxide (K20) ___ 2.0 .116 1.8 .105 .7 .041 Lime (CaOJ_____________ 47.0 2.740 51.0 2.974 48.7 2.840 Magnesia (MgO)_________ 14.0 .816 13.3 .775 11.7 .682 Alumina (Al2O.) _________ 1.4 , .082 .8 .047 .8 .047 Ferric oxide (Fe203) _____ 8.0 .466 4.0 .233 1.7 .099 
 
18. 0I 
3.5 .204 
18.3 1.067 20.0111..016570 2.2 .128 
.7 .041 4.2 .245 3.7 .216 
.2 .011 
8.0 .466 
 
PROBABLE COMBINATIONS 
 
Potassium chloride _______ 3.6 .210 2.9 .169 1.1 .064 1.5 .087 
 
Sodium chloride__________ 5.1 .297 9.2 .536 6.1 .356 4.6 .268 
 
Sodium sulphate _________ 13.6 .793 24.9 1.452 3.1 .181 .6 .035 
 
Calcium carbonate _______ 84.0 4.900 91.0 5.307 87.0 5.074 ---- ---Calcium sulphate_________ --- - ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- 10.2 .595 
 
Magnesium carbonate____ 25.2 1.469 28.0 1.633 24.5 1.446 ---- - --- 
 
~~:~I ---- Magnesium sulphate______ 6.1 .356 
 
---- - --- ---- 
 
.641 
 
Aluminum oxide _________ 1.4 .082 .8 .047 .8 .047 
 
--- - 
 
Aluminum sulphate_______ ---- --- - - --- ---- ---- ---- .6 .035 
 
Ferrous carbonate________ 11.6 .645 6.6 .385 2.5 .146 5.5 .321 
 
---- Ferrous sulphate _________ 
Silwa ___________________ 
 
- --- - --23.0 1.341 
 
---19.0 1.108 
 
- --12.0 
 
---.700 
 
- , -I - 
 
9.211 .537 
11.050 
 
Total solids __________ 173.6 10.093 182.4 10.637 137.1 8.01411681..201 3.569 
 
Free carbon dioxide _____ . 04.7 3.773 80.0 4.665 96.0 5.5991 18.0.1.050 
 
MIONA MINERAL SPRINGS 
MACON COUNTY 
This group of springs is located near the right bank of Flint River about 12 miles north of Oglethorpe. They are 7 in number all occurring within a space of a few acres near the margin of the river swamp. The nearest railroad station is Ideal on the Atlanta, Birmingham and Atlantic Railway.' At the time of the writer's visit 5 years ago the improvements consisted of a 22-room hotel 
 
 ' 
 
DESCRIPTIONS OF ,INDIVIDUAL SPRINGS 
 
'115 
 
and a number of cottages. The springs flow from 5 to 20 gallons 
 
each per minute. One of the main springs, known as No.7, yields 
 
a faint odor of sulphuretted hydrogen and throws down ,a .light 
 
yellowish-brown precipitate, on standing. Another spring; whichis 
 
designated in the analyses given below No.3, is quite. similar .to 
 
spring No.7, but shows less evidence of sulphur and iron. 
 
~ 
 
The waters from the Miona Springs, in addition to being used 
 
at the spring by guests, have been put on the market both as a 
 
table and mineral water. 
 
ANALYSES' MiONA MINEmAi.' SPRINGS 
 
No.7 
 
I 
 
No.3 
 
R,:~iJ;1, I . CONSTI~UENTS DET:I;lR!'UNED  ~ar:t~ .l?~r: 
 
p.e,r Parts. per Grains per 
 
million . gallon million gallon 
 
Silica (SiO.) _____________________ <Jh1orine (CI) _____~ ______________ Sulphur trioxide (S03) ____________ Carbon dioxide (CO.) _____________ 
Sodium oxide (Na.O) _________ "" __ Potassium oxide (K.O) ________"__ Lirne(CaO) _____________________ Magnesia (MgO) _________________ Alumina (AI.Os) ________________ " . 
Ferric oxide (Fe20a) _____________ 
PROBABLE COMBINATIONS 
Potassium chloride_______________ Sodium chloride ______________ .: ___ Sodium sulphate_________________ .. Magnesium sulphate__-____________ Magnesium carbonate____________ Calcium carbonate_______________ Calcium sulphate____ .____________ Aluminum sulphate______________ Aluminum oxide_________________ 
Ferrous carbonate________________ Silica; ____________________'__"____ 
 
10.5 15.6 4.0 58.0 9.2 8.0 4.2 3.8 7.0 ,6.5 
12.8 15.6 2:1 4.2 5.0 7.5 
----- 
---- 
7.0 9.4 10.5 
 
.612 .910 .233 3.382 .537 .467 .245 .222 .408 .. 379 
.747 .910 .122 .245 .292 .437 
---- 
---- 
.408 .548 .612 
 
8.8 4.0 4.6 22.6 2.8 
.6 1.7 
.8 .8 1.6 
 
.513 .233 .268 1.318 .163 .035 .099 .047 .047 .094 
 
1.0 
 
.058 
 
5.8 
 
.338 
 
---- 
 
--- - 
 
2.4 I .140 
 
- --- 
 
---- 
 
---- 
 
---- 
 
4.1 
 
.239 
 
.9 
 
.052 
 
.1 
 
.006 
 
2.3 
 
,134 
 
8.8 
 
 :513 
 
Free .. " .rotal solids_________________ 74.1 carbon dioxide ______________ 48.6 
 
4.321 2.834 
 
25.~ 
21. 7 
.'. 
 
H8q, " '1.266 . 
 
 116 
 
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF GEORGIA 
 
MONTPELIER SPRING 
 
MONROE COUNTY 
 
This spring is located in the extreme southern part of Monroe 
 
County about 17 miles west of Macon. Prior to the Civil War th.e 
 
spring was quite a resort and also the seat of a very flourishing 
 
Episcopal school. 
 
ANALYSIS MONTPELIER SPRING 
 
Alkaline-saline 
 
Parts per 
 
CONSTITUENTS DETERMINED 
 
million 
 
Silica (SiO,) ...................... 
 
50.0 
 
Chlorine (Cl) ................... 
 
5.3 
 
Sulphur trioxide (SDa) 
 
. 
 
Carbon dioxide (CO:) 
 
. 
 
Sodium oxide (Na-,O) .............. 
 
Potassium oxide (K,O) ............. 
 
14.7 124.0 
16.1 2.4 
 
Lime (GaO) ........... 16.8 
 
Magnesia (MgO) .................. 
 
6.0 
 
Alumina (Al,O.) 
 
. 
 
2.2 
 
Ferric oxide (F~08) " ............. 
 
3.0 
 
Grains per U. S. gallon 
2.916 .309 .857 
7.231 .938 .140 .979 .350 .128 .175 
 
PROBABLE COMBINATIONS 
 
Potassium chloride 
 
, 
 
Sodium chloride Sodium sulphate Sodium carbonate Calcium carbonate Magnesium carbonate Aluminum oxide Ferrous carbonate 
 
Silica 
 
. 
 
4.6 
 
. 
 
5.1 
 
. 
 
26.0 
 
. 
 
3.2 
 
. 
 
30.0 
 
. 
 
12.6 
 
. 
 
2.2 
 
. 
 
4.4 
 
.. 
 
50.0 
 
.26~ 
.297 1.516 
.187 1.750 .735 
.128 .256 2.916 
 
Total solids Free carbon dioxide 
 
. 138.1 . 101.3 
 
8.053 5.907 
 
MORGAN MINERAL WELL 
DADE COUNTY 
The Morgan well is in the LooKout Valley, Dade County, onefourth mile north of Morganville, a station on the Alabama Great Southern Railroad. The well, which was put down about 2 years ago, has a depth of 112 feet, the last 88 feet being in limestone. The 
 
 DESCRIPTIONS Db' INDIVIDUAL SPRINGS 
 
117 
 
water has a distinct odor of sulphuretted hydrogen and a salty taste. The amount of supply has not yet been definitely determined; however, the test made seems to indicate that the supply is large. So far, the water has been used only for stock and domestic purposes, but the owner advises the writer that he will probably place .it on the market in a short time. 
 
ANALYSIS MORGAN WELL 
 
Muriated-saline. Stilphuretted 
 
CONS'rITUENTS DETERMINED 
 
Parts per' million 
 
Siliea (SiO,) __ 
 
. 
 
Chlorine (OJ) 
 
: 
 
. 
 
Sulphur trioxide (SOlo) .............. 
 
Carbon dioxide (C02) 
 
. 
 
Sodium oxide (N~O) 
 
. 
 
Potassium oxide (K20) 
 
. 
 
Lime (CaO) 
 
.. 
 
Magnesia (MgO) 
 
. 
 
Alumina (AJ,O,) 
 
.. 
 
Ferric oxide (Fe20a) 
 
. 
 
Sulphur (S) 
 
.. 
 
Bromine (Br) 
 
. 
 
Nitric acid: (HNOa) 
 
. 
 
Phosphoric acid (P20G)  
 
19.0 565.0 136.7 388.0 630.8 
25.4 96.9 46.7 
8.0 1.0 44.0 3.0 trace trace 
 
.Grains per U. S. gallon 
1.108 32.950 
7.972 22.627 36.786 
1.481 5,650 2.723 
.467 .058 2.566 .175 trace trace 
 
PROBABLE COMBINATIONS 
Potassium chloride Potassium bromide Sodium chloride Sodium sulphate Sodium carbonate Calcium carbonate Magnesium carbonate Aluminum oxide Ferrous carbonate Silica 
 
. 
 
33.2 
 
. 
 
4.6 
 
. 910.0 
 
. 242.6 
 
. 
 
72.8 
 
. 
 
173.0 
 
. 
 
98.0 
 
. 
 
8.0 
 
. 
 
1.3 
 
. 
 
19.0 
 
1.935 .268 
53.069 14.147 
4.247 10.089 5.715 
.467 .076 1.108 
 
Total solids Free carbon dioxide Hydrogen sulphide 
 
. 1,562.5 
 
. 220.0 
 
. 
 
47.0 
 
91.121 12.829 
2.741 
 
 118 
 
GEOLOGICAl, SURVEY, OF GEOIWlL1 
 
MOZLEY S.PRING: 
 
'0", 
 
COBB'COUNTY 
 
-: : 
 
This spring is located in a' beautiful grove near the 'right banKi 
 
of 'Sweetwater Creek one"half. mile' northwest of the depot' af: 
 
A:ush'IL "The spring was improved 'a year or so ago by J. H. Louch 
 
by the addition of a cement curbing, etc., with a view of puttirlg: 
 
the water upon the market, but as the analysis did not show any 
 
lithium present the undertaking was abandoned. The flow is about 
 
1 gallon per minute. The limited amount of mineral matter present in this water would suggest that it would make a desirable 
 
table water. 
 
AJ;fALYSIS MOZLEY SPRING 
 
Liq~~t . 0~kal~necalciG 
 
'<i} 
 
Parts 'per 
 
CONSTITU!'N'l'S DETE.RMlN~J?, . 
 
million 
 
Silica (8iO,) '. ,...................... 38,3 
 
Chlorine (01) " C 
 
,. .. 
 
4.2 
 
Strlpliur trioxide; (80a) ,.,."."..... 
 
2.1 
 
Carbon dioxide' (CO~) ............ 
 
57.4 
 
Sodium oxide (Na20)  "............. 
 
5.2 
 
Potassium oxide- (K20) .." .. ",.. "," _.' 
 
2.1. 
 
Lime (CaO) d.' 
 
, ,.... 
 
9.2 
 
Magnesia (MgO) 
 
, '," 
 
5,0 
 
Almninn (Al,O,) 
 
~.:::'- 
 
.2 
 
Fe.f.t.ic oxide 
 
(Fei>a) . " 
 
.. :;:.: ~ : :.. :. ; ; . 
 
.6 
 
':," ,PROBABLE .CO:MBINA>n:q~~ 
 
Potassium chloride 
 
, , .. ", .., .. 
 
3.2 
 
Sodium chloride ~ 
 
" ' "_, " .., ".... 
 
4.4 
 
Sodium sulphate, ............ 
 
3.7 
 
Sodium carbonate ..........,., .. , .. 
 
2.2 
 
Oaleium carbonate .... , ," .....,.. , 16.4: 
 
Magnesium carbonate ..., " . "." . 
 
15.0 
 
Aluminum oxide! ......,. , ,: ",', " . 
 
,~ 
 
Fer-rous carbonate ..,~,~" 
 
," 
 
. 
 
.9 
 
Silica "; ..... , ... ;';':.: " '." '., ...", .. ",' 
 
38,3 
 
Grains per U. S. gallon 
~,233 
, .244 .122 
3.347 ,303 .122 .536 
.~92 
.012 .035 
.187 .257 :216 
.1~8 
.956 .875 ,012 .052 2,233 
 
. i; ~ ''l'otal solids 
 
",  , ...... 
 
84.3 
 
Free carbon dioxide " 
 
,. 
 
39.0 
 
4,916 2,275 
 
  DESCRIPTIONS OJ<' INDIVIDUAL SPRINGS 
 
119 
 
MUNROE .SPRING 
MARION COUNTY 
Munroe Spring is on the Springdale Farm about 5 miles northwest of Putnam, a station on the Central of Georgia Railway. The spring is said to be beautifully located in a valley. surrounded on all sides by' gently sloping wooded hills'. Many people' are reported to visit this spring and use the water for its supposed mineral properties. A brownish precipitate occurs about the drain-way, and its irony taste seems' to be the main characteristic 6f the water. The only improvement consists apparently of terra cotta curbing and a spring house, there being no accommodations for guests: 
 
ANALYSIS MUNROE SPRING 
 
Cha,lybeate 
 
C~NSTITUENTS DETERMIJ\TED 
 
Parts pel' million 
 
Silica (SiO~) 
 
. 
 
Chlorine (01) ( 
 
. 
 
Sulphur trioxide (80a) 
 
. 
 
Carbon dioxide I (C02)  
 
Sodium oxide (N~O) 
 
. 
 
Potassium oxide (K:O) 
 
. 
 
Lime (CoO) 
 
. 
 
Magnesia (MgO) 
 
. 
 
Alumina (A1~Oll) ................... 
 
, Ferric oxide (Fe:OB) 
 
. 
 
4.4 12.0 
.6 60.0 .7.6 
3.1 3.5 2.0 
.9 10.0 
 
PROBABLE COMBINATIONS 
 
Potassium chloride 
 
. 
 
4.9 
 
Sodium chloride 
 
. 
 
14.4 
 
Calcium carbonate 
 
. 
 
6.3 
 
Magnesium chloride 
 
. 
 
1.3 
 
Magnesium sulphate 
 
. 
 
. 
 
.9 
 
Magnesium carbonate .ahrminum oxide 
 
, 
 
. 
 
2.5 
 
. 
 
.9 
 
Ferrous carbonate 
 
. 
 
14.5 
 
Silica 
 
. 
 
4.4 
 
Grains per 
U. S. gallon 
.257 .700 .035 3.499 .443 .181 .204 .117 '.052 .583 
'.286 .839 .367 .076 .052 .146 .052 :845 .257 
 
Total solids 
 
. 
 
50.1 
 
Free carbon dioxide ........... 
 
50.5 
 
2.920 2.945 
 
 120 
 
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF GEORGIA 
 
MURROW MINERAL SPRING 
 
TIFT COUNTY 
Murrow Mineral Spring is on the right bank of Little River, about 4 miles west of Tifton. The improvements consist of a bathhouse, swimming pool and a pavilion. In the summer the spring" is much visited by picnic parties and pleasure seekers. -The water has considerable sale in Tifton and elsewhere for drinking and for" medicinal purposes. It is claimed to be especially beneficial for" certain classes of stomach disorders. 
The spring is said to be quite large, furnishing several gallons per minute. 
 
ANALYSIS MURROW MINERAL SPRING Alkaline-calcia 
 
CONSTITUENTS DETERMINED 
 
Parts per million 
 
Silica" (SiO,) ." .. " ...... "" 
 
" 
 
Ohlorine (01) , ... , .. "" .. " 
 
.. 
 
Suaphur trioxide (80a) . 
 
Carbon dioxide (CO~) 
 
. 
 
Sodium oxide (NasO) . ' 
 
. 
 
Potassium oxide (KaO) 
 
. 
 
Lime (OaO) ", .. , 
 
" 
 
" 
 
Magnesia (MgO) , , , , , .. , , , 
 
Alumina (Al:Oa) . 
 
Ferric oxide (F~Oa) 
 
. 
 
Phosphorus pentoxide (PaOl )  
 
23,4 3.0 3,0 
105,0 6.5 1.0 
56,1 2,4 1.4 1.0 trace 
 
Grains per U. S. gallon 
1.364 .175 .175 
6,124 .379 ,058 3,266 " .140 .082 .058 trace 
 
PROBABLE COMBINATIONS 
 
, -.... 
 
Potassium chloride 
 
Sodium chloride 
 
'4; 
 
Sodium phosphate 
 
Sodium sulphate 
 
Sodium nitrate 
 
Sodium bicarbonate 
 
Calcium carbonate 
 
blagnesium carbonate 
 
Ferrous carbonate 
 
AJucrninucrn oxide 
 
Silica 
 
; 
 
. 
 
1.6 
 
. 
 
3.6 
 
. 
 
trace 
 
. 
 
5,3 
 
. 
 
.4 
 
. 
 
6.0 
 
. 101.1 
 
. 
 
5.0 
 
. 
 
1.4 
 
. 
 
1.4 
 
. 
 
23.4 
 
,093 .210 trace ,309 ,023 .350 5,890 ,291 ,082 ,082 1.364 
 
Total solids 
 
. 149,1 
 
8,694 
 
 DESCRIPTIONS OF INDIVIDUAL SPRINGS 
 
121 
 
NEW HOPE SPRING 
CARROLL COUNTY 
New Hope Spring is located within a few hundred yards of the Southern Railway about 1 mile northeast of Villa Rica. It is in a narrow valley surrounded on both sides by rather steep hills. 
The flow is 2 gallons or more per minute. The only improvement is a neat curbing of cement. An effort was made a few years ago to make this spring a local resort, but for some reason the project never materialized. 
 
ANALYSIS NEW HOPE SPRING 
 
Neutral 
 
Silica (SiO,) 
 
. 
 
Chlorine (Ol) 
 
.. 
 
Sulphur trioxide (SO,) 
 
. 
 
Carbon dioxide (C02 )  
 
Sodium oxide (Na,O) 
 
.. 
 
Potassium oxide (K,O) 
 
. 
 
Lime (CaO) 
 
.. 
 
Magnesia (MgO) 
 
. 
 
Ferrie oxide (Fe:03)  Alumina (A1203 )  
 
17.5 12.2 
1.3 36.0 
8.7 3.4 7.0 4.8 1.2 
.6 
 
PROBABLE COMBINATIONS 
 
Potassium chloride Sodium oxide Magnesium sulphate Magnesium carbonate Calcium carbonate Ferrous carbonate Aluminum oxide Silica 
 
. 
 
5.1 
 
. 
 
16.2 
 
. 
 
2.0 
 
. 
 
8.8 
 
,. 
 
12.5 
 
. 
 
1.8 
 
. 
 
.6 
 
. 
 
17.5 
 
Total solids 
 
64.5 
 
1.020 .711 .076 
2.099 .507 .198 .408 .280 .070 .035 
.297 .944 .117 .513 .729 .105 .035 1.020 
3.860 
 
NORWOOD SULPHUR SPRING 
HOUSTON COUNTY 
This is a small sulphur spring situated in the edge of a swamp about 8 miles southeast of Fort Valley and within 2 miles of the' branch of the Central of Georgia Railway extending from Fort 
 
 ,122 
 
'GEOLOGICAL'SURVEY OF GEORGIA 
 
a Valley to Perry. Witlr 'the exception of wooden curbing and a 
bath pool, also constructed of wood, there are no improvements ,about ,the spring. It flows about 1 gallon of water per minute, which has adistinct odor of sulphuretted hydrogen. The water is supposed to be of valne in the treatment of skin diseases, especially when used for bathing purposes. ,The spring seems to be known only locally and its water is used chiefly by those residing in the immediate surrounding section; 
 
ANALYSIS NORWOOD SULPHUR sPRING 
 
Li{{ht sali'lte-sulphuretted 
 
Parts per 
 
CONSTITUENTS DETERMINED 
Silica (SiO,) ..... ,................. 
 
million t 5.5 
 
Chlorine (01) . ," . . .. .. .. . .. .. .  .. ..  
 
5.0 
 
Sulphur trioxide (S0B)  ~...... 
 
7.5 
 
Carbon dioxide (CO,) 
 
42.9 
 
Sodium oxide (Na,O) 
 
2,6 
 
Potassium oxide (K~O) 
 
.8 
 
Lime (CaO) . ',' 
 
, 
 
, 
 
2.0' 
 
Magnesia (MgO) 
 
.' '.. .. . .. 
 
1.2 
 
Alumina (Al,0,) 
 
"......... 
 
1.0 
 
Ferrie oxide (Fe20a) :............ 
 
1.5 
 
Grains per U. S. gallon 
.321 .292 .437 2,501 .152 .047 .117 .070 ,058 .081 
 
PROBABLE COMBINATIONS 
Potassium chloride Sodium chloride Calcium sulphate Magnesium chloride Magnesium sulphate Aluminum sulphate ~errous sulphate Silica 
 
. 
 
1.3 ' 
 
,076 
 
. 
 
4,9 
 
,286 
 
. 
 
4.9 
 
.286 
 
. 
 
1.6 
 
.093 
 
. 
 
1.5 
 
.087 
 
. 
 
3,0 
 
.175 
 
. 
 
2.9 
 
.169 
 
. 
 
5.5 
 
.321 
 
Total solids Free carbon dioxide 
 
. 
 
25.6 
 
. 
 
42.9 
 
1.493 2.501 
 
OAK MOUNTAIN SPRING 
TALBOT COUNTY 
Oa.k .Mountain Spring is in the extreme western part of Talbot Connty, 20 miles northeast of White Oak, a station on the McDon- 
 
 DESCRIPTIONS OF INDIVIDUAL 'SPRiNGS 
 
12$ 
 
ough-Columbus branch' of the Southern Railway. This spring is 
 
beautifully 'located for a resort at the base of White Oak Mountain' 
 
and within easy reach of the railroad. The improvements consist of 
 
a small hotel arid a number of cottages, together with a bath house. 
 
The, spring is 'a small chalybeate spring, furnishing only about', 1 
 
gallon per minute. The water has an irony taste and throws down, 
 
on standing', a rather copious' yellowish-brown precipitate. The 
 
spring has quite a reputation as a mineral water. 
 
' .., 
 
ANAL~SIS OAK MOUNTAIN SPRING 
 
Chalybeate 
 
. Parts per 
 
CONSTITUENTS DETERMINED 
 
million 
 
Silica (SiO,) 
 
, 
 
. 
 
Chlorine (Cl) 
 
, .. 
 
Sulphur trioxide (S0B) Carbon dioxide (C02 ) Sodium oxide (N~O) 
 
 
 
. 
 
', 
 
. 
 
Potassium oxide (K 20)' 
 
Lime (CaO) , 
 
".'., 
 
. " .. 
 
Magnesia (MgO) 
 
. 
 
Aluminum oxide (A120s) 
 
: 
 
. 
 
Ferrie oxide (Fe20a) 
 
. 
 
38.0 5.2 
10,0 72.9 13,0 ' 
3,1 12.1 
7.7 2.1 9,8 
 
PROBABLE COMBINATIONS 
 
Potassium chloride Sodium chloride Sodium sulphate Sodium carbonate Calcium carbonate Magnesium carbonate .Aluminum oxide Ferrous carbonate Silica 
 
. 
 
5.0 
 
. 
 
4.6 
 
. 
 
17,8 
 
. 
 
,6.5 
 
. 
 
21.6 
 
;. 
 
16.2 
 
. 
 
2.1 
 
. 
 
14.2 
 
. 
 
38.0 
 
Grains per U. S.gaJIon 
2.216 , .303 , ,58B 4,251 . .758 
,i81 .706 ',449 , .122 .572 
.292 .268 '1.038 .379 1,260 .945 ,122 .828 2.216 
 
Total sbiids Free carbon dioxide 
 
' 
 
. 1261.0 
 
. 
 
55.3 
 
7.348 3,225 
 
OMAliA SPRINGS J llFFERSON COiJNTY' 
This group of springs is . located 'in the northwestern part of Jefferson CountY" They are situated, in a dense grove at the base 
 
 124 
 
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF GEORGIA 
 
of a rather precipitous hill-slope, 2 miles south of Avera, a small station on the Augusta Southern Railroad. One of the largest of 
 
these springs from which a sample of water was secured for analysis flows something like 100 gallons per minute. The main improvement consists of a well-built hotel of 24 rooms. The water from 
 
these springs is said to have a considerable sale in Augusta. 
 
The analysis, as given below, shows that the water is quite 
 
. 
 
free from mineral matter and therefore well suited as a table 
 
water. 
 
ANALYSIS OMAHA SPRING 
 
Neutral 
 
CONSTITUENTS DETERMINED 
 
Silica (SiO,) ...................... 
 
Chlorine (Cl) 
 
. 
 
Sulphur trioxide (SOa) 
 
. 
 
Carbon dioxide (C02 )  
 
Sodium oxide (N&:!O) 
 
. 
 
Potassium oxide (K:O) 
 
. 
 
Lime (C.O) 
 
. 
 
Magneala (MgO) .................. 
 
Alumina (A120a) . '.'   '0'  
 
Ferric oxide (Fe:Oa) 
 
. 
 
Parts per million 
5.2 4.0 1.0 26.2 2.5 
.4 .8 .8 .4 .8 
 
Grains per U. S. gallon 
.303 .233 .058 1.528 .146 .023 .047 .047 .023 .047 
 
PROBABLE COMBINATIONS 
 
Potassium ehlortde ................ 
 
.7 
 
.041 
 
Sodium chloride 
 
. 
 
5.2 
 
.303 
 
Magnesium sulphate 
 
. 
 
1.5 
 
.087 
 
Magnesium carbonate 
 
. 
 
.6 
 
.035 
 
Calcium carbonate 
 
- 
 
. 
 
1.4 
 
.082 
 
Ferrous carbonate 
 
. 
 
1.1 
 
.064 
 
Aluminum oxide 
 
. 
 
.4 
 
.023 
 
Silica 
 
. 
 
5.2 
 
.303 
 
Total solids Free carbon dioxide 
 
. 
 
16.1 
 
. 
 
25.2 
 
.938 1.470 
 
PALMER SPRING 
MERIWETHER COUNTY 
This spring is located on lot 75, 1st district, near Pigeon Creek, in the extreme southeastern corner of Meriwether County. The 
 
 DESCRIPTIONS OF INDIVIDUAL SPRINGS 
 
125 
 
nearest railroad station is Chalybeate, on the Atlanta, Birmingham 
and Atlantic Railway: The water as it escapes from the spring is said to give off a faint odor of hydrogen snlphide. The flow is 2 gallons per minute. There are no improvements, and the water, apparently, is but little used. 
 
ANALYSIS PALMER SPRING 
 
Alkalinecalcic 
 
CONSTITUENTS DE'l'E&MlNED 
 
Siliea (SiD:) 
 
. 
 
Chlorine (01) .................... 
 
Sulphur trioxide (SOa) 
 
. 
 
Carbon dioxide (CO:) 
 
. 
 
Sodium oxide (Na:O) 
 
. 
 
Potassium oxide (K:O) 
 
. 
 
Lime (CaO) ....................... 
 
Magnesia (MgO) ................. 
 
Alumina (AI:Os) 
 
. 
 
Ferric oxide (Fe:Oa) 
 
. 
 
Parts per million 
27.6 5.2 10.5 82.7 8.9 4.7 31,5 11.0 .7 2.0 
 
Grains per U. S. gallon 
1.610 .303 .612 4.823 .519 .274 1.837 .641 .041 .117 
 
PROBABLE COMBINATIONS 
 
Potassium chloride Sodium chloride 'Sodium sulphate Magnesium sulphate Magnesium carbonate Calcium carbonate Ferrous carbonate Aluminum oxide Silica 
 
. 
 
7.4 
 
. 
 
2.8 
 
. 
 
16.9 
 
. 
 
1.5 
 
. 
 
20.0 
 
. 
 
56.2 
 
. 
 
2.9 
 
. 
 
.7 
 
,. 
 
27.6 
 
.432 .163 .985 .087 1.166 3.278 .169 .041 1.610 
 
Total solids Free carbon dioxide : 
 
. 136.0 
 
. 
 
46.4 
 
7.931 2.706 
 
PARKER SPRING 
LAURICNS COUNTY 
The Parker spring is located one-half mile west of Lovett. It flows from a hillside and furnishes 7Y, gallons per minute. The water is supposed to possess medicinal properties, but so far it has been used mainly for domestic purposes. 
 
 126 
 
GEOLOGICAL. SURVEY OF GEORGIA 
 
ANALYSIS PARKER SPRING 
 
Neutral 
 
Parts per 
 
CONSTITUENTS DETERMINED 
 
million 
 
Silica . (SiP,) ................ "' . 
 
Chlorine (01) 
 
. 
 
Sulphur trioxide (S0s) 
 
~. 
 
Carbon dioxide (CO:!) 
 
. 
 
Sodium oxide (Na:O) 
 
'.' . 
 
Potassium oxide (K:O) 
 
'.' . 
 
Lime (CaD) 
 
. 
 
Magnesia (MgO) 
 
. 
 
Alnmina (.A1,O,) 
 
: 
 
. 
 
'Ferric oxide (Fe 20a) ",." 
 
" ",",.",. 
 
14.0 4.4 2:0 7.5 3.8 .1 2.1 1.4 .3 .3 
 
PROBABLE COMBINA'l'IONS 
 
Potassium chloride ................. 
 
.2 
 
Sodium chloride 
 
. 
 
7.1 
 
Magnesium chloride 
 
. 
 
.2 
 
Magnesium sulphate 
 
. 
 
3.0 
 
Magnesium carbonate 
 
. 
 
.6 
 
Calcium carbonate 
 
. 
 
3.7 
 
Ferrous carbonate 
 
. 
 
.4 
 
Aluminum oxide Silica 
 
. 
 
.3 
 
. 
 
14.0 
 
Grains per U. S. gallon 
;816 .257 , .U7 .437 .222 .006 .122 .082 .017 .017 
.012 . .414 .012 .175 .035 .216 .023 .017 .816 
 
Total solids Fr-ee carbon dioxide 
 
. 
 
29.5 
 
. 
 
5.5 
 
1.720 .321 
 
PHOENIX SPRING 
DADE COUNTY 
This spring, which is owned by the Phoenix Iron & Coal Company, is situated on the west slope of Lookout Mountain in Dade County, about 5 miles north of Rising' Fawn. It emerges as a bold stream from the fissures in the Bangor limestone. The water is quite clear, but it deposits a heavy precipitate of calcium carbonate. This deposit, which is a porous, rather soft material, forms a layer several inches in thickness in the bed of the branch flowing from the spring.' The spring is somewhat inaccessible, owing to the steepness of the mountain slope on which it is situated, and, as a consequence, is seldom visited. . .: 
 
  a," DESORIPTJONS, INDIVIDUAL SPRINGS 
 
127 
 
ANALYSIS PHOENIX SPRING 
 
.t1lkaline-calcic 
 
CONSTITUENTS DETERMINED 
 
Silica (SiO~) . '.' 
 
. 
 
Chlorine (Cl) 
 
" 
 
. 
 
Sulphur trioxide (80a) ..... c  '"0  
 
Carbon dioxide (C02 )  
 
Sodium oxide (N",,0) 
 
. 
 
Potassium oxide (~O) 
 
. 
 
Lime (CaO) 
 
. 
 
Magnesia (MgO) 
 
. 
 
Alumina (Al20a) ......... 
 
Ferric oxide (F:lOa) 
 
. 
 
Parts per million 6.5 4.0 2.1 158.4 3.0 .8 80.4 8.7 2.6 
1.2 
 
PROBABLE COMBINA'l'IONS 
Potassium chloride Sodium chloride Magnesium sulphate Magnesium carbonate Calcium carbonate Aluminum oxide Ferrous carbonate Silica 
 
. 
 
1.3 
 
. 
 
5.7 
 
. 
 
3.1 
 
. 
 
16.2 
 
. 143.6 
 
. 
 
2.6 
 
. 
 
1.7 
 
. 
 
6.5 
 
Grains per U. S. gallon 
.379 .233 .122 9.238 .175.047 4.688 .507 .152 .070 
.076 .332 .181 .945 8.375 .122 .099 .379 
 
'I'ctal solids Free carbon dioxide 
 
. 180.7 
 
. 
 
86.8 
 
10.509 5.062 
 
PIGEON MOUNTAIN IRON COMPANY'S WELL 
 
WALKER COUNTY 
 
This well is located among the foot-hills of Pigeon Mountain, on 10t 154, 8th district, Walker County, lY, miles from Noble, a station -on the Central of Georgia Railway. The well, which is 4 inches in diameter, penetrates rock for 90 feet, its entire depth. The water 'has a distinct odor of sulphuretted hydrogen and forms, on stand-ing, a yellowish precipitate. The static head is within 20 feet of 
 
the surface. The water has been used chiefly in supplying a mining 
 
-camp, 
 
ANALYSIS PIGEON MOUNTAIN IRON COMPANY'S WELL 
 
Sodic-alkaline-calcic. Sulphuretted 
 
Parts per Grains per 
 
CONSTITUENTS DETERMINED 
Silica (SiD:) Chlorine (01) 
 
million. U. S. gallon 
 
. 
 
18.8 
 
1.097 
 
. 
 
57.0 
 
3.324 
 
 128 
 
GEOLOGIOAL SURVEY OF GEORGIA 
 
Sulphur trioxide (80a) Carbon dioxide (CO~) 
 
. ~ ........ 
 
Sodiunl oxide (~a:O) ............... 
 
Potassium oxide '(EllO) 
 
. 
 
Lime (CaO) 
 
.. 
 
Magnesia (MgO) 
 
.. 
 
Hydrogen sulphide (H2S) 
 
. 
 
Alumina (AI20a) ... 
 
Ferric oxide (Fe 20S)  
 
Lithium oxide (LillO) 
 
. 
 
PROBABLE COMBINATIONS 
 
Potassium chloride 
 
. 
 
Sodium chloride 
 
. 
 
Sodium sulphate 
 
. 
 
. Sodium bicarbonate 
 
. 
 
Sodium bisulphate 
 
. 
 
Calcium carbonate 
 
- 
 
. 
 
Magnesium carbonate 
 
. 
 
Ferrous carbonate 
 
. 
 
AJuIDinuDl oxide .................... 
 
Silica 
 
. 
 
68.6 '360.5 223.9 
4.2 74.0 37.2 13.2 
.5 1.5 llone 
6.7 88.7 122.2 300.5 22.4 132.1 78.1 
2.3 .5 
18.8 
 
3.983 21.023 13.057 
.245 4.315 2.170 
.770 .029 ,087 none 
.390 5.173 7.126 17.524 1.306 7.703 4.555 
.134 .029 1.097 
 
Total solids FTee carbon dioxide 
 
. 772.3 
 
. 
 
93.2 
 
45.037 5.436 
 
PINE MOUNTAIN SPRING 
 
HARRIS COU;NTY. 
This spring is located.at the foot of Pine Mountain on land lot 226, 5th district, Harris County, about.3 miles southeast of West Point. The water from this spring is now being put on the market at West Point and elsewhere as a pure table water. The spring is quite bold, furnishing by careful measurement 12 gallons per. minute. It is unimp~oved, but is favorably located for a resort. 
 
ANALYSIS PINE MOUNTAIN SPRING 
 
Neutral 
 
Parts per 
 
CONSTITUENTS DETERMINED 
 
million 
 
Silica (SiO~) 
 
. 
 
11.0 
 
Chlorine (Cl) 
 
. 
 
3.5 
 
Sulphur trioxide (803)  
 
Carbon dioxide (C02 )  
 
80diUID oxide (N3.:IO) 
 
. 
 
3.6 12.0 
3.1 
 
Potassium oxide (~O) ............ 
 
.9 
 
Lime (CaO) 
 
.. 
 
2.2 
 
Grains per U. S.gallon 
.641 .204 .210 .700 .181 .052 .128 
 
 DESCRIPTIONS OF INDll'lDUAL SPRINGS 
 
129 
 
Magnesia (MgO) .................. 
 
2.1 
 
Alumina (Al20~) ................... 
 
1.0 
 
.Ferric oxide (Fe:O:l) 
 
. 
 
2.8 
 
PROBABLE COMBINATIONS 
Potassium chloride Sodium chloride Sodium sulphate Calcium sulphate Calcium carbonate ldagnesiucrn sulphate , Aluminum oxide Ferrous carbonate Silica 
 
. 
 
1.5 
 
. 
 
4.6 
 
. 
 
1.5 
 
. 
 
4.0 
 
. 
 
1.7 
 
. 
 
4.1 
 
. 
 
1.0 
 
. 
 
4.1 
 
. 11.0 
 
Total solids Free- carbon dioxide 
 
. 
 
33.5 
 
. 
 
6.3 
 
.122 .058 .163 
.087 .268 .087 .233 .099 .239 .058 .239 .641 
'1.951 .367 
 
POINT ANDREWS MINERAL WELL 
BIBB COUNTY 
Point 'Andrews Mineral Wen is located about 4 miles west of Macon within a short distance of the White Oak Mineral wens. It is a dug wen 80 feet deep and is said to supply a large volume of water. The water from this wen has been put on the market in Macon both as a mineral and a drinking water, but at present it is used only for domestic purposes at the residence near by. 
 
ANALYSIS POINT ANDREWS MINERAL WELL 
 
Calcic-magnesic-saline 
 
Parts per 
 
CONSTITUENTS DETERMINED 
 
million 
 
Siliea (SiO,) 
 
. 
 
Chlorine (CI) .................. ,. 
 
Sulphur trioxide (80s) 
 
. 
 
Carbon dioxide (CO,) .............. 
 
Sodiurrn oxide (~a20) 
 
. 
 
Potassium oxide (~O) 
 
. 
 
Lime (CaO) 
 
. 
 
Magnesia (MgO) 
 
. 
 
Alumina (A1z0s) 
 
. 
 
Ferric oxide (FezOs) 
 
. 
 
45.0 191.0 171.7148.0 
54.0 1.2 J70.0 83.3 2.0 2.2 
 
Grains per U. S. gallon 
2.624 11.138 10.014 8.632 
3.149 .070 9.914 
4.858 .117 .128 
 
PROBABLE COMBINATIONS 
Potassium chloride Sodium chloride 
 
. 
 
2.1 
 
. 101.7 
 
.122 5.931 
 
 130 
 
GEOLOGICLIL SURVEY OF GEORGILI 
 
Calcium sulphate Calcium carbonate Magnesium sulphate Magnesium chloride Aluminum oxide Ferrous carbonate Silica 
Total solids Free carbon dioxide 
 
. 254.0 
 
. 117.0 
 
. 
 
33.5 
 
. 171.5 
 
. 
 
2.0 
 
. 
 
3.6 
 
. 
 
45.0 
 
. 730.4 
 
. 
 
88.0 
 
14.812 6.822 1.954 
10.001 .li7 .210 
2.624 
42.593 5.132 
 
r,, 
 
POLAR ROCK MINERAL SPRING 
 
FULTON COUNTY 
Polar Rock Mineral Spring is 4Y, miles south of Atlanta only a short distance from Lakewood and near the Hapeville public road. The spring is large, furnishing approximately 7 gallons per minute. It is well protected by stone curbing and a glass covering. The water flows directly into the bottling house which is well arranged and is kept in a neat and sanitary condition. The water is sold chiefly in Atlanta and is largely used as a drinking water. There are no accommodations for guests. 
 
. ANALYSIS POLAR ROCK SPRING 
Neutral 
 
Parts per 
 
CONSTITUENTS DETERMINED 
 
million 
 
Silica (SiO,) 
 
. 
 
24.4 
 
Ohlorhia (01) ...................... 
 
4.2 
 
Sulphur trioxide (80a) Carbon dioxide (Q02) 
 
. 
 
trace 
 
. 
 
30.0 
 
Sodium oxide (Ntl:20) 
 
. 
 
3.1 
 
Potassium oxide (K:O) 
 
. 
 
.8 
 
Lime (OaO) ....................... 
 
9.5 
 
Magnesia (MgO) .................. 
 
3.3 
 
Alumina (Al:O:) Ferric oxide (F~03) 
 
. 
 
.5 
 
. 
 
.5 
 
PROBABLE COMBINATIONS 
 
Potassium chloride 
 
. 
 
1.3 
 
Sodium chloride 
 
- 
 
. 
 
5.9 
 
Calcium carbonate 
 
:.' . 17.0 
 
Magnesium carbonate 
 
. 
 
7.0 
 
Aluminum oxide 
 
. 
 
.5 
 
Grains per U. S. gallon 
1.423 .245 trace 
1.750 .181 .047 .552 .192 .029 .029 
.076 .344 .991 .408 .029 
 
 DESCRIPTIONS OF INDIVIDUAL SPRINGS 
 
131 
 
Ferrous carbonate Silica 
 
v 
 
. 
 
trace 
 
. 
 
24.4 
 
trace 1.423 
 
Total solids Free carbon dioxide 
 
56,8 
 
3.312 
 
14.5 
 
.846 
 
PONCE de LEON SPRING 
FULTON COUN'l1Y 
This spring, which is said to have been discovered about 1870, is located in the northeastern part of the city of Atlanta in what is known as Ponce de Leon Park. It is a small chalybeate spring furnishing less than 2 gallons per .minute. The water is used chiefly by the visitors to the park and by the people living in the immediate vicinity. The spring, which is surrounded by a strong stone wall, flows from a fissure in the gneissoid rock in a small ravine near the eastern margin of the park. 
 
ANALYSIS PONCE DE LEON SPRING 
 
Chalybeate 
 
CONSTITUENTS DETERMINED 
Biliea (SiO:) 
 
Parts per Grains per 
 
million U. S. gallon 
 
. 
 
30.20 
 
1.752 
 
Ohlorine (01) ...................... 
 
Sulphur trioxide (803)  
 
Carbon dioxide (C02)  : . 
 
Sodium oxide (Na::O) 
 
. 
 
6.30 3.50 .. ; 47.50 4.70 
 
.367 .204 2.770 .274 
 
Potassium oxide (K:O) 
 
. 
 
3.45 
 
.201 
 
Lime (OaO) Magnesia (MgO) Phosphorus pentoxide (P20~) 
 
. 
 
7.00 
 
. 
 
4.60 
 
. 
 
trace 
 
.408 .268 trace 
 
Alumina (Al:Os) Ferric oxide (FC:lOa) 
 
. 
 
.80 
 
.047 
 
. 
 
5.00 
 
.292 
 
PROBABLE COMBINATIONS 
 
Potassium chloride 
 
. 
 
Sodium ehlorlde ................. 
 
Sodium sulphate 
 
. 
 
Sodium phosphate 
 
' 
 
. 
 
Calcium carbonate 
 
. 
 
Magnesium sulphate 
 
. 
 
Magnesium carbonate 
 
. 
 
Aluminum sulphate 
 
. 
 
Ferrous carbonate 
 
. 
 
5.47 6.10 3.39 trace 12.50 2.39 7.98 2.70 7.25 
 
.319 .356 .198 trace .729 .139 .465 .157 .423 
 
 132 
 
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF GEORGI.d 
 
Silica 
 
30.20 
 
Total solids Free carbon dioxide 
 
. 
 
77.98 
 
. 
 
35007 
 
1.752 
4.538 2.045 
 
POOR ROBIN SPRING 
WILCOX COUNTY 
This spring, known also as the Abbeville Mineral Spring, is locatedtj-; miles from Abbeville. The spring has long been known and within the last few years a considerable amount of the water has been sold: No information could be obtained from the owners concerning the flow of the spring or the improvements, although a number of letters requesting this information were addressed the company operating the spring. 
 
ANALYSIS POOR ROBIN SPRING 
 
.i1lkaZine-calcio 
CONSTITUENTS DETERMINED 
 
Parts per million 
 
Silica (Si02 )  Chlorine (01) .................... 
 
Sulphur trioxide (SOs) 
 
. 
 
Carbon dioxide (C02 ) 
 
.. 
 
Sodium oxide (Na,O) 
 
. 
 
Potassium oxide (K20) 
 
. 
 
Lime (OaO) ....................... 
 
Magnesia (MgO) . : 
 
. 
 
Alumina (AI:Os) 
 
. 
 
Ferric oxide (Fe:Os) 
 
. 
 
14.2 3.5 1.2 127.1 4.0 
.8 75.0 
6.4 1.0 
.5 
 
PROBABLE COMBINATIONS 
Potassium chloride Sodium chloride Sodium sulphate Sodium carbonate Calcium carbonate Magnesium carbonate Ferrous carbonate s.luminum oxide Silica 
Total Free carbon dioxide 
 
. 
 
1.5 
 
. 
 
4.6 
 
. 
 
2.1 
 
. 
 
2.6 
 
. 133.9 
 
. 13.4 
 
. 
 
.7 
 
. 
 
1.0 
 
' 14.2 
--- 
 
. 174.0 
 
. 
 
60.0 
 
Grains per U. S. gallon 
.828 .204 .070 7.412 .233 .047 4.374 .373 ... 058 .029 
.087 .268 .122 .152 7.808 .781 .041 .058 .828 
10.145 3.499 
 
  DESCRIPTIONS OF INDIVIDUAL SPRINGS 
 
133 
 
PORTER SPRING 
 
LUMPKIN COUNTY 
 
This formerly popular summer resort is located in the north- 
 
eastern part of Lumpkin County, about 8 miles north of Dahlonega. Cleveiand, the nearest railroad station, is about 12 miles distant. The spring is situated at the base of one of the foot-hills 
 
of Cedar Mountain, a prominent peak of the Blue Ridge Mountains 
 
rising 3,000 feet above sea level. There are several excellent views in the vicinity of the spring from which Black Mountain and other high mountains in North Georgia may be seen. From a scenic point of view this spring is most favorably located. It is within 8 miles, 
 
of Blood Mountain, one of the loftiest peaks of the Blue Ridge, and is only a short distance from the Chestatee River, which furnishes an excellent opportunity for bathing. 
The improvements at the Spring consist of a hotel and a few 
 
cottages. The main part of the hotel was constructed some years ago and is now somewhat in need of repair. 
 
The spring is small, furnishing only a few gallons of water per minute. Upon standing, the water throws down a rather copious reddish-brown precipitate. It is the intention of the present owners of this spring to begin improvements-at an early date and make 
 
it a first-class modern summer resort.' 
 
ANALYSIS PORTER SPRING 
 
C1J,alybeate 
 
Parts pel' 
 
CONSTITUENTS DETERMINED 
 
million 
 
Silfce (SiO,) 
 
.. 
 
Chlorine (Cl) 
 
,. 
 
Sulphur trioxide (S03) 
 
. 
 
Carbon dioxide (C0 2}  , 
 
Sodium oxide (Na,O) 
 
',' 
 
Potassium oxide (K 20) 
 
. 
 
Lime (CaO) 
 
. 
 
Magnesia (MgO) 
 
. 
 
Phosphate pentcxide (P204) 
 
. 
 
Arsenie (As) 
 
. 
 
Manganous oxide (MnD) 
 
', .. 
 
Alumina (A1203 )  ~  
 
Ferric oxide (F~08) 
 
. 
 
13.10 5.10 3.22 34.72 7.82 1.39 3.10 1.70 
trace trace 'trace 
.30 9.60 
 
Grains per U. S. gallon 
.764 .297 .188 2.025 .456 .081 .181 .099 trace trace trace .017 .560 
 
 134 
 
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF GEORGIA 
 
PROBABLE COMBINA',rIONS 
 
Potassium chloride 
 
. 
 
Sodium chloride 
 
. 
 
Sodium phosphate 
 
. 
 
Sodium sulphate, '. 
 
. 
 
Sodium carbonate 
 
. 
 
Magnesium carbonate .............. 
 
Calcium carbonate 
 
. 
 
Manganese carbonate .............. 
 
Aluminum sulphate 
 
. 
 
Ferrous carbonate 
 
:. 
 
Silica 
 
. 
 
Total solids 
 
" 
 
. 
 
Free carbon dioxide 
 
. 
 
2.20 6.67 trace 3.99 4.37 3.57 5.53 trace 1.00 13.92 13.10 
54.35 23.33 
 
.128 .389 trace .232 .255 .208 .322 trace .058 .812 .764 
3.168 1.361 
 
POST MINERAL SPRING 
 
CHEROKEE COUNTY 
This spring,. also known as Cherokee Mineral Spring, is located within the corporate limits of Holly Springs, a few hundred yards east of the depot. It is a small spring, furnishing a limited flow. ,The only improvement is a concrete curbing or catchment basin. Within the last few months water front this spring has been pnt on the market in Atlanta and elsewhere as a mineral water. 
 
ANALYSIS POST MINERAL SPRING 
 
Neutral 
 
CONSTITUENTS DETERMINED 
 
Silica (SiO,) 
 
. 
 
Chlorine (01) 
 
. 
 
Sulphur. trioxide (SOs) 
 
. 
 
Carbon dioxide (C02 )  
 
Sodium oxide (Na20) 
 
. 
 
Potassium oxide (K20) 
 
. 
 
Lime (CaO) 
 
: 
 
Magnesia (MgO) ............... 
 
Alumina (A120s) 
 
. 
 
Ferric oxide (Fe20S)  
 
Parts pel' million 4.6 3.5 2.9 7.3 3.1 .6 1.2 .7 1.0 1.4 
 
PROBABLE COMBINATIONS 
 
Potassium chloride 
 
Sodium chloride 
 
. Sodium sulphate 
 
, 
 
. 
 
1.1 
 
. 
 
4.8 
 
. 
 
1.9 
 
Grains per U. S. gallon 
.268 .204 .169 .425 .181 .085 .070 .041 .058 .082 
.064 ,280 .111 
 
 DESORIPTIONS OF INDIVIDUAL SPRINGS 
 
i3;; 
 
Calcium sulphate 
 
. 
 
.7 
 
.041 
 
Calcium carbonate 
 
. 
 
1.5 
 
.087 
 
Magnesium sulphate 
 
~ 
 
. 
 
2.0 
 
.117 
 
Aluminum oxide 
 
. 
 
1.0 
 
.058 
 
Ferrous carbonate 
 
. 
 
2.1 
 
.122 
 
Silica 
 
: 
 
. 
 
4.6 
 
.268 
 
Total solids Free carbon dioxide 
 
. 19.7 
 
. 
 
5.0 
 
1.148 .291 
 
POWDER SPRINGS 
COBB COUNTY 
This group of springs is located at Powder Springs station on the Southern Railway 22 miles northwest of Atlanta. The springs . have been known for more than 50 years, but owing to no improvements they have attained only a local reputation. All of the springs are small, none of them furnishing more than 1 gallon pel:"" minute. The waters from 2' of the springs, namely, 1 and 2, whicl; are located near Powder Spring Creek, have a faint odor of sulphuretted hydrogen. The 3 analyses given below are from the 3 main springs of the group. 
ANALYSIS POWDER SPRINGS 
 
II 
 
III 
 
CONSTITUENTS DETERMINED 
 
Parts Grains Parts Grains Parts Grains 
 
per 
 
per 
 
per 
 
per 
 
per 
 
per 
 
million gallon million gallon million gallon 
 
Silica (Si0 2)_____________ 24.20 Chlorine (Cl) ____________ 107.80 Sulphur trioxide (S03) ____ 75.00 Carhon dioxide (C02)____ 105.90 Sodium oxide (Na20) _____ 95.40 
Potassium oxide (K20) ___ 4.80 Lime (CaO) _____________ 38.80 Magnesia (MgO)_________ 7.90 Phosphorus pentoside Ar(sPen2iOc .()A_s_)__________________________ ---- 
---- 
 
1.411 6.287 4.374 6.176 5.564 
.280 2.263 
.461 
 
34.90 84.00 61.00 60.40 105.70 5.70 37.20 8.20 
 
---- 
- --- 
 
trace trace 
 
2.035 4.899 3.557 3.522 6.164 
.332 2.169 
.478 
trace trace 
 
35.30 5.60 11.00 77.90 11.50 6.30 27.50 10.00 
trace trace 
 
2.059 :327 .642 
4.543 .671 .367 
1.604 .583 
trace, trace 
 
 136 
 
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF GEORGIA 
 
CQNSTITEN'l'S DETERMINED 
 
I 
 
I 
 
I 
 
II 
 
I 
 
II 
 
I Parts Grains Parts Grains Parts Grains 
 
per 
 
per 
 
per 
 
per 
 
per 
 
per 
 
million gallon million gallon million gallon 
 
Hydrogen snlphide (H 2B) 1.00 Alumina (AlzOa) _________ 1.00 
 
.058 .058 
 
Ferric oxide (Fe20a) ______ Lithia (Li ____________ 
2O) 
 
.04 .023 .012 .007 
 
PROBAllLE COMBINATIONS 
 
Lithium chloride _________ .04 .003 Potassium chloride _______ 7.50 .437 Sodium chloride__________ 171.70 10.013 
 
Sodium suIphate_________ 10.20 Sodium phosphate; _______ ---- 
Sodium carbonate________ none 
 
.595 
---- 
none 
 
Magnesium carbonate ____ 5.00 .292 
 
Magnesium sulphate______ 16.40 .956 
 
Calcium carbonate_______ none none 
 
Calcium sulphate ________ 94.20 5.494 Aluminum. sulphate_______ 3.30 .192 
 
Ferrous carbonate ___'_____ 1.00 .058 Silwa___________________ 24.20 1.411 
 
1.00 1.50 1.00 
.09 
.02 8.70 131.30 82.70 
trace none 
3.00 21.60 66.40 
---3.50 2.40 34.90 
 
.058 .087 .058 .005 
.002 .507 7.657 4.823 
trace none 
.175 1.259 3.872 
---.204 .139 2.035 
 
.80 .047 1.10 .064 1.00 .058 
.05 .003 
 
.015 10.00 1.60 19.50 trace 3.70 21.00 
none 
49.10 
---3.40 1.45 35.30 
 
.009 .583 .093 1.137 
trace 
.216 1.225 
none 
2.863 
---.198 .084 2.059 
 
Total solids __________ 333.54 19.451 354.528 20.673 145.06 
 
Free carbon dioxidec , ____ 103.30 6.024 22.20 2.945 43.80 
 
Hydrogen Sulphide _______ 1.00 
 
.058 
 
--- - 
 
- --- 
 
---- 
 
8.467 2.554 
---- 
 
RIGHT-OF-WAY SPRING 
RABUN COUNTY 
This' spring, so-called on account of it being on the right-ofway of the railroad, is also known as Oita Mineral Spring. It is on the side of Tallulah Falls public road about 400 yards north of the Tallulah Falls station, and near the end of the railroad tresseL It is a small spring furnishing only about one-fourth gallon of water per minute. The water is occasionally used by the guests of the Cliff House and other hotels, but it seems to have attracted but little attention. The overflow pipe is distinctly colored with iron oxide, indicating that the water is chalybeate, a fact also verified by the analysis. 
 
 DESCRIPTIONS OF INDIVIDUAL SPRINGS 
 
137 
 
ANALYSIS RIGHT-DFWAY SPRING 
 
Chalybeate 
 
CONSTITUENTS DETERMINliD 
 
Silioa (SiO,) 
 
. 
 
Ohlorine (01) 
 
. 
 
Sulphur trioxide (SOa) 
 
. 
 
Carbon dioxide (C0 2 )  Sodium oxide (~a20) ............... 
 
Potassium oxide (~O) ...........",. 
 
Lime (CaO) 
 
. 
 
Magnesia (MgO) 
 
. 
 
Alumina (~03) 
 
. 
 
Ferrie oxide (Fe20a) 
 
. 
 
Manganous oxide (M.nO) 
 
. 
 
Parts per million 8.10 2.80 4.25 41.80 4.10 .20 2.60 1.20 .70 9.10 trace 
 
PROBABLE COMBINATIONS 
 
Potassium chloride 
 
. 
 
Sodium chloride 
 
. 
 
Sodium phosphate 
 
:. 
 
Sodium sulphate 
 
0               
 
Magnesium sulphate 
 
. 
 
Magnesium carbonate 
 
. 
 
Calcium carbonate 
 
. 
 
Ferrous carbonate 
 
: 
 
. 
 
Aluminum sulphate 
 
. 
 
Manganese carbonate 
 
. 
 
Silica ............................. 
 
.32 4.40 trace 4.10 2.93 
.46 4.64 13.g0 2.20 trace 8.10 
 
Grains per U. S. gallon 
.472 .163 .248 2.438 .239 .012 .152 .070. .041 .531 trace 
.019 .257 trace .239 .171 .027 .271 .770 .128 trace .472 
 
Total solids Free carbon dioxide 
 
. 
 
40.35 
 
. 
 
34.50 
 
2.354 2.102 
 
ROWLAND SPRINGS 
Bxnrow COUNTY 
These springs which have been long known as the location of a health resort are situated in a broken, hilly country in Bartow County, 6 miles northeast of Cartersville. Prior to the Civil War, Rowland Springs was one of the most important summer resorts in the State. White, in his statictics of Georgia published in 1849, says of these springs: "Rowland springs are too well known to need a particular description. They are becoming every season the center of fashion. Multitudes from every part of the State resort here to partake of the excellent water as well as the liberal fare of the worthy proprietor." 
 
 138 
 
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF GEORGIA 
 
In recent years this resort has lost its former popularity. The buildings which are said to have accommodated at one time as many as 600 guests have all been destroyed, with the exception of one or two which are now badly in need of repair. The springs are at present rarely visited, except by people from Cartersville and the immediate vicinity. There are 2 main springs located in a beautiful grove of ancient oaks. They are both rather bold chalybeate springs each furnishing 3 galIons or more per minute and yielding a rather copious precipitate of iron oxide. The springs are within a few hundred yards of each other. The one farthest up the branch is designated No.1, in the analyses below, and the other No.2. 
 
ANALYSES ROVlLAND SPRINGS 
 
1 
 
2 
 
CONSTITUENTS DETERMINED 
 
Earls per Grains per Parts per Grains per million gallon millidn gallon 
 
Silica (Si0 2 ) _____________________ Chlorine (Cl)____________________ 
Sulphnr trioxide (SO,) ____________ Carbon dioxide (C02 ) ____________ Soda (Na,O) ____________________ Potash (K:,O) ___________________ Lhne (CaO) _____________________ Magnesia (MgO) _________________ Alumina (Al20') _________________ 
 
41.50 4.76 6.80 138.60 15.90 3.52 26.20 5.91 
.50 
 
Ferric oxide (Fe20S) _____________ 
 
5.40 
 
Ma,nganous oxide (MnO) __________ 
 
.20 
 
Phosphorus pe,ntoxide (P 205) ______ trace 
 
,PROBABLE COMBINATIONS 
 
Potassium chloride _______________ 
 
5.58 
 
Sodium chloride__________________ 3.46 
 
Sodium sulphate_________________ 9.99 
 
Sodium phosphate________________ trace 
 
Sodium carbonate________________ 16.60 
 
Calcium carbonate_______________ 46.80 
 
Magnesium carbonate ____________ 12.41 
 
Aluminum sulphate_______________ 1.67 
 
Aluminum oxide_________________ ---Ferrous carbonate________________ 7.83 
 
Manganese carbonate_____________  .32 
SilieR___________________________ 41.50 
 
2:420 .278 .397 
8.093 .927 .205 
1.528 .345 .029 .,315 .012 trace 
.325 .196 .583 trace .968 2.739 .724 .097 
- --- 
.457 .019 2.420 
 
36.2 5.5 7.7 103.0 12.7 3.6 23.6 4.4 
.7 2.6 ---- 
---- 
5.7 4.6 13.7 
---- 
13.7 41.1 9.2 
--- - 
.7 3.2 
--- - 
36.2 
 
2.111 .321 .449 
6.007 .701 .210 
1.376 - 
.257 .041 .152 
---- 
---- 
.332 .268 .799 
- --- 
.799 2.454 
.536 
---- 
.041 .187 
---- 
2.111 
 
Total solids_________________ 146.16 8.528 
I Free carbon dioxide______________ 101.52 5.920 
 
128.1 75.3 
 
7.527 4.391 
 
 DESCRIPTIONS OF INDIVIDUAL SPRINGS 
 
139 
 
RUSSEAU SPRING 
McDuFFIE COUNTY Russeau spring is in the northeastern part of McDuffie Connty about 10 l;'iles north of Thomson. This spring was formerly much frequented, being a resort of considerable local importance. At present it is visited only by a few families' from Thomson during the hot summer months. There are no improvements of importance about the spring. The flow is approximately 2 gallons per minute. The water is said to yield no precipitate, but has a slight odor of sulphuretted hydrogen. 
 
ANALYSIS RUSSEAU SPRING 
 
Saline-calcic. Sulphuretted 
 
Parts per 
 
CONSTITUENTS DETERMINED 
 
million 
 
Silica (Si02 )  Chlorine (CI) ..................... Sulphur trioxide (SC,) ............. Carbon. dioxide (C02 )  Sodium oxide (Nll:.!O) Potassium oxide (K 20) Lime (CaO) ....................... Magnesia (MgO) Alumina (AI,O,) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ferrie oxide (F~03) 
 
39.4 5.3 136.0 129.0 25.3 1.7 111.4 14.7 1.0 1.0 
 
Grains per U. S. gallon 
2.297 .309 7.931 7.523 1.475 .099 6.496 .857 .058 .058 
 
PROBABLE COMBINATIONS 
 
Potassium chloride 
 
,.. ", 
 
Sodium chloride 
 
Sodium sulphate 
 
Calcium sulphate 
 
Calcium carbonate 
 
Magnesium sulphate 
 
Aluminum oxide 
 
Ferrous' carbonate 
 
Silica 
 
. 
 
2.5 
 
. 
 
7.0 
 
. 
 
49.1 
 
. 134.0 
 
. 100.5 
 
. 
 
44.0 
 
. 
 
1.0 
 
. 
 
1.5 
 
. 
 
39.4 
 
.146 .408 2.922 7.814 5.861 2.566 .058 .087 2.297 
 
Total solids Free carbon dioxide 
 
. 379.0 
 
. 
 
88.0 
 
22.159 5.132 
 
 140 
 
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF GEORGlL1 
 
SATTERFIELD SPRING 
BARTOW COUNTY 
The Satterfield Spring is in Bartow County about 2Yz miles 
northeast of Cartersville, The spring is located on the road-side near the head of a hollow in the quartzite hills. Within the radius of a hundred feet of the spring from which the water was taken for analysis are 4 other springs. The main spring which is supposed to possess medicinal properties flows 2 gallons per minute. It is well protected by a marble curb, the only improvement. The water is said to have a limited use in Cartersville. Its purity from a mineralogical standpoint seems to be its chief characteristic. 
 
ANALYSIS SATTERFIELD SPRING 
 
Neutral. 
 
Parts per 
 
CONSTITUENTS DETERMINED . 
 
million 
 
Silica (SiO,) 
 
. 
 
Chlorine (01) 
 
. 
 
Sulphur trioxide (S03) 
 
. 
 
Carbon dioxide (CO:) 
 
. 
 
Sodium oxide (N~O) . : 
 
. 
 
Potassium oxide (K 20) 
 
. 
 
Lime (CaO) 
 
.. 
 
Magnesia (MgO) 
 
. 
 
Ferrie oxide (Fe:Os) 
 
. 
 
Alumin~ (A120s) ........... 
 
4.20 2.00 2.00 36.50 1.20 .65 .55 .50 .55 .05 
 
PROBABLE COMBINATIONS 
Potassium chloride Sodium chloride Calcium sulphate Magnesium sulphate Ferrous sulphate Ferrous carbonate Alumina Silica 
 
. 
 
1.03 
 
. 
 
2.30 
 
. 
 
1.34 
 
. 
 
1.50 
 
. 
 
.37 
 
. 
 
.53 
 
. 
 
.05 
 
. 
 
4.20 
 
Grains per U. S. gallon 
.245 .116 .116 2.128 .070 .038 .032 .029 .032 .003 
.060 .114 .078 .087 .021 .031 .003 .245 
 
Total solids Free carbon dioxide 
 
. 
 
11.32 
 
. 
 
34.70 
 
.639 2.023 
 
.' 
 
  DESCRIPTIONS OF INDIVIDUAL SPRINGS 
 
141 
 
SCOTT MINERAL WELL 
GORDON COUNTY 
This well is located in the northwestern part of Gordon County near the eastern base of Horn Mountain, 3,% miles southwest of Sugar Valley. The well, which was 'originally put down as a prospect hole in search of ~oal by Mr. W. M. Scott, of Atlanta, about 20 years ago, is 2 inches in diameter and 156 feet deep, and it flows through a 1,% inch discharge pipe 2 gallons of water per minute. 
The Scott well begins in the lower beds of the Fort Payne chert and extends to the base of the Chattanooga black shale. As the water is reported to have been struck in fissures in the rock lying just below the black shale, it no doubt comes from the. upper part of the Silurian .formation. The water has a rather decisive taste and forms about the overflow pipe a yellowish precipitate. Locally, the water has quite a reputation as a mineral water. 
 
~.o\NALYSIS SCOTT M~NERAL WELL .Alkaline-salinecalcic 
 
CONS'FITUENTS DETERMINED 
 
Silica (SiD:) 
 
. 
 
Chlorine (Cl) 
 
, 
 
. 
 
Sulphur trioxide (SOa) 
 
. 
 
Carbon dioxide (CO:) 
 
. 
 
Sodium oxide (Na:O) 
 
. 
 
Potassium oxide (K:O) 
 
. 
 
Lime (GaO) 
 
. 
 
Magnesia (MgO) 
 
. 
 
Alumina (Al:0a) ..... 
 
Ferric oxide (Fe:Oa) 
 
. 
 
Phosphorus pentoxide (P20~) 
 
Parts per million 
20.20 5.60 59.60 141.40 8.20 3.50 68.30 21.60 
.40 1.80 trace 
 
Grains per U. S. gallon 
1.178 .327 3.476 8.981 .478 :204 3.983 
1.260 .023 .105 
trace 
 
PROBABLE COMBINATIONS 
 
Potassium chloride 
 
Sodiutn chloride 
 
Sodium sulphate 
 
- 
 
Magnesium sulphate Aluminum sulphate Calcium sulphate Calcium carbonate 
 
. 
 
5.55 
 
. 
 
4.88 
 
. 
 
12.87 
 
. 
 
64.80 
 
. 
 
1.34 
 
. 
 
13.96 
 
. 111.70 
 
.324 .258 .751 3.779 .078 .814 6.514 
 
 14z 
 
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF GEORGIA 
 
Ferrous carbonate 
 
Siliea 
 
: 
 
Total solids Free carbon dioxide 
 
. 
 
2.61 
 
. 
 
20.20 
 
. 237.91 
 
. 
 
91.26 
 
.152 1.178 
13.848 5.322 
 
SEARCY SPRING 
 
SPALDING COUNTY 
 
This spring is located on land lot 179, 2nd district, of Spalding County, about 1Y, miles east of Griffin. The flow is about 1 gallon per minute. The spring is unimproved, being used only for domestic purposes. It is supposed by its owner, Mrs: W. E. H. Searcy, 
 
to possess medicinal properties, but the small percentage of mineral contents, as shown by the analysis below does not seem to bear out this fact. 
 
ANALYSIS SEARCY SPRING 
 
Neutml. 
 
Parts per 
 
CONSTITUEN'l'S DETERMINED 
 
million 
 
Silica (SiO:) 
 
. 
 
11.0 
 
Chlorine (01) ...................... 
 
4.0 
 
Sulphur trioxide (S03) 
 
. 
 
4.3 
 
Carbon dioxide (CO:) 
 
. 
 
33.3 
 
Sodium I).;:ide (Na:O) 
 
. 
 
4.6 
 
Potassium oxide (K:O) 
 
. 
 
.7 
 
Lime (CaO) 
 
. 
 
2.2 
 
Magnesia (MgO) 
 
. 
 
.9 
 
Alumina (AI:Oa) ... 
 
.1 
 
Ferric oxide (Fe:03 )  
 
.4 
 
Grains per U. S. gallon 
.641 .233 .251 1.942 .268 .041 .128 .052 .006 .023 
 
PROBABLE COMBINATIONS 
 
Potassium chloride Sodium chloride Sodium sulphate Magnesium sulphate Calcium sulphate Calcium carbonate Ferrous carbonate Aluminum oxide Silica 
 
. 
 
1.1 
 
.064 
 
. 
 
5.8 
 
.338 
 
. 
 
4.1 
 
.239 
 
. 
 
2.7 
 
.157 
 
. 
 
.3 
 
.017 
 
. 
 
3.7 
 
.216 
 
. 
 
.5 
 
.029 
 
. 
 
.1 
 
.006 
 
. 
 
11.0 
 
.641 
 
Total solids 
 
: 
 
Free carbon dioxide 
 
. 
 
29.3 
 
. 
 
31.5 
 
1.707 1.837 
 
 DESCRIPTIONS OF INDIVIDUAL SPRINGS 
 
143 
 
SHAMROCK SPRINGS 
TELFAIR COUNTY 
The so-called Shamro~k Springs are 1~ miles northeast of McRae, near the Atlantic Coast Line Railway. The water supply at this local resort at the time of the writer's visit some 5 years ago was obtained from a 4-6 inch bored well 140 feet deep. The well is cased to 40 feet and flows about 150 gallons per minute. The improvements consist of a small hotel, a number of cottages, and a large bath or swimming pool. The resort has a local patronage, chiefly from McRae and Helena. Its attractive location in a shady grove of oaks, hickorys and magnolias makes it a popular local resort during the summer. 
In .addition to the water being used for bathing and other purposes at the local resort a limited amount of it is shipped to points throughout South Georgia. 
 
ANALYSIS SHAMROCK SPRING 
 
Alkaline-calcic 
CONSTITUENTS DETERMINED 
Silica (SiO,) ...................... 
 
Parts per Grains per 
 
million U. S.gaJIon 
 
42.6 
 
2.484 
 
Chlorine (01) 
 
. 
 
Sulphur trioxide (80a) 
 
. 
 
Carbon dioxide (CO:) 
 
. 
 
Sodium oxide (Na:O) 
 
. 
 
Potassium oxide (K:O) 
 
. 
 
Lime (CaO) 
 
. 
 
Magnesia (MgO) 
 
. 
 
Alumina (AI:Os) 
 
. 
 
Ferric oxide (Fe:03)  
 
10.0 3.9 
159.5 9.2 2.1 86.1 
16.2 .3 .2 
 
.583 .227 9.302 .537 .122 5.021 .945 .017 .012 
 
PROBABLE C01>mINATIONS 
 
Potassium chloride 
 
. 
 
3.3 
 
.192 
 
I 
 
Sodium chloride Sodium sulphate 
 
. 
 
13.5 
 
.787 
 
. 
 
2.3 
 
.134 
 
! 
 
Calcium carbonate Magnesium sulphate 
 
. 153.8 
 
. 
 
3.9 
 
8.970 .227 
 
Magnesium carbonate 
 
. 3l.3 
 
1.825 
 
Aluminum oxide 
 
. 
 
.3 
 
.017 
 
Fer.rous carbonate 
 
. 
 
.3 
 
.017 
 
Silica 
 
. 
 
42.6 
 
2.484 
 
Total solids Free carbon dioxide 
 
. 251.3 
 
. 
 
75.3 
 
14.653 4.391 
 
 , 
 
144 
 
GEOLOGI04L SURVEY OF GEORGI:t1 
 
SILOAM SPRING 
 
FULTON COUNTY 
This spring is situated in the southeastern portion of Fulton County near Lakewood, about 4, miles south of Atlanta. It is a small chalybeate spring, furnishing less than a gallon per .minute. The water formerly had a limited sale in Atlanta. It has a slightly astringent taste and forms, upon standing, a slight reddish-brown percipitate of iron sesqui-oxide. The spring is sur- rounded by a stone curbing, but otherwise there is no improvement. 
 
,ANALYSIS SILOAM SPRING 
 
Alkaline. Calcic-magnesf,c--..Chalybeate 
 
CONSTITUENTS DETERMINED 
 
Parts per million 
 
Silica (S1O,) ................... Chlorine (Cl) .................. 
 
27.60 6.30 
 
Sulphur trioxide (SOa) Carbon dioxide (C02)  Sodium oxide (Na,O) ............. Potassium oxide (~O) ............. Lime (CaO) ............... 
 
1.75 40.40 
8.48 2.16 5.60 
 
Magnesia (MgO) .................. 
 
4.80 
 
Alumina (A120a)  
 
.30 
 
Ferrie oxide (Fe20,) 
 
4.50 
 
PROBABLE COMBINATIONS 
Potassium chloride Sodium chloride Sodium sulphate Sodium carbonate Magnesium carbonate Calcium carbonate Ferrous carbonate Aluminum oxide Silica 
 
. 
 
3.43 
 
. 
 
7.71 
 
. 
 
3.23 
 
. 
 
4.91 
 
. 
 
10.08 
 
. 
 
10.00 
 
. 
 
6.98 
 
. 
 
.30 
 
. 
 
27.60 
 
Grains per U. S. gallon 
1.610 .367 .102 2.356 .495 .126 .327 .280 .017 .262 
.200 .450 .188 .286 .588 .583 .407 .017 1.610 
 
Total solids Free carbon dioxide 
 
. 
 
74.24 
 
. 
 
26.20 
 
4.329 1.528 
 
SIMMONS MINERAL SPRING 
P,CKENS COUNTY 
Simmons mineral spring is located on land lot 236, 12th district, Pickens County, about 1Y, miles northwest of Jasper. This is a 
 
I 
 
 , _.. 
 
DESCRIPTIONS OF INDIVIDUAL. SPRINGS 
 
small chalybeate spring furnishing 2 gallons per minute. The water 
 
has an irony taste and throws down a reddish-brown precipitate on 
 
standing. The spring has quite a local reputation as a mineral 
 
spring. It is unimproved, not even being protected with a curbing. 
 
ANALYSIS SIMMONS' MINERAL SPRING 
 
Chalybeate 
 
Parts per 
 
CONSTITUENTS DETERMINED 
 
million 
 
Silica (SiO:) 
 
. 
 
21.7 
 
Chlorine (Cl) 
 
. 
 
5.2 
 
Sulphur trioxide (SOa) 
 
. 
 
5.8 
 
Carbon dioxide (CO:) 
 
. 126.6 
 
Sodium: oxide. (Na:O) 
 
. 
 
11.6 
 
Potassium oxide (K:O) 
 
. 
 
6.2 
 
Lime (CaO) 
 
. 
 
16.9 
 
Magnesia (MgO) 
Alumina (Al:Os) Ferric oxide c"Fe:Os) 
 
. 
 
3.1 
 
. 
 
3.5 
 
. 
 
5.2 
 
Grains per U. a.gaJlon 
1.266 .303 .338 7.343 .676 .362 .988 .181 .204 .303 
 
PROBABLE COMBINATIONS 
Potassium chloride . ~ Sodium chloride Sodium sulphate Sodium carbonate Calcium carbonate ~agnesium carbonate Aluminum oxide Ferrous carbonate Silica 
 
. 
 
9.9 
 
. 
 
.8 
 
. 
 
10.3. 
 
. 
 
11.9 
 
. 
 
30.2 
 
. 
 
6.5 
 
. 
 
3.5 
 
. 
 
7.5 
 
. 
 
21."7 
 
.577 .047 .600 .693 1.762 .379 .204 .437 1.266 
 
Total solids Free carbon dioxide 
 
. 103.3 . 102.0 
 
5.965 5.949 
 
SMITH WELL 
GWINNllTT COUNTY The Smith well is on land lot 216, 5th. district, Gwinnett County, near Grayson station. This in an ordinary dug well used for domestic purposes. The water is said to rise ordinarily from 6 to 8 feet in the well, but during extremely dry seasons the water becames low. The peculiar taste of the water has loug attracted the attention of the owner, James A. Smith. Cleaning out the well is said to have no effect on the taste of the water. 
 
 146 
I. ; 
 
t. Ii 
 
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF GEORGIA 
 
,-, ~ 
 
ANALYSIS SMITH WELL 
Sodio-saline-Clw.lybeate 
 
CONSTITUENTS DETERMlNED 
 
Parts per million 
 
Silica (SiO,) c...................... Chlorine (Cl) ............ :    .    . Sulphur trioxide (80a) Carbon dioxide (CO~) Sodium oxide (N~O) .............. Potassium oxide (K,O) Lime (CaO) ....................... Magnesia (MgO) 
Nitric acid radical (NO;) Alumina (Al,O,) ................ Ferric. oxide (Fe:Oa) 
 
13.3 156.3 
4..7 8.0 107.0 4.8 22.0 25.0 50.0 30.0 4.8 
 
Grains per U. S.gallon 
.775 9.108 
.274 .466 6.340 .279 1.383 1.458 2.916 1.749 .279 
 
PROBABLE COMBINATIONS 
Potassium chloride Sodium chloride Sodium nitrate Calcium chloride" Calcium sulphate Calcium carbonate MJagnesium chloride Aluminum oxide Ferrous carbonate Silica 
 
. 
 
7.6 
 
. 155.0 
 
. 
 
68.5 
 
. 
 
~2.2 
 
. 
 
8.9 
 
. 
 
12.9 
 
. 
 
59.0 
 
. 
 
30.0 
 
. 
 
6.9 
 
. 
 
13.3 
 
.443 9.034 3.995 1.296 
.519 .752 3.441 1.749 .403 .775 
 
1.'otal solids 
 
. 384.3 
 
32.406 
 
SPENCER SPRING  
HALL COUNTY 
This spring, owned by J. W. Spencer, is located on land lot 146, 
about 1 mile from the court house, in Gainesville, It flows 3 gallons per minute and is reported to possess medicinal properties. The spring is unimproved and apparently almost unknown, even locally, as a mineral spring. The water is said to possess a slight "inky" . taste, and yields a small iron precipitate in the drainway. It has been used chiefly for household supply. 
 
  DESCRIPTIONS OF INDIVIDUAL SPRINGS 
 
147 
 
ANALYSIS SPENCER SPRING 
 
A.lkaline-calcic. Chalybeate Parts per 
 
CONSTITUENTS DETERMINED 
 
Siliea (SiO,) 
 
" .. 
 
Chlorine (01) 
 
. 
 
Sulphur trioxide (SO,) 
 
. 
 
Carbon dioxide (CO,) 
 
. 
 
Sodiuro oxide (1<0,0) .. 
 
Potassium oxide (K.:r.o) 
 
. 
 
Lime (OaO) 
 
. 
 
Magnesia (MgO) 
 
.. 
 
AlUJnilla (AI,O,) 
 
. 
 
Ferrie oxide (Fe::O~) ........... 
 
million 23.7 4.2 10.6 52.6 14.9 2.1 25.1 3.1 3.2 5.1 
 
PROBABLE COMBINATIONS 
 
Potasium chloride 
 
. 
 
Sodium chloride 
 
. 
 
Sodium sulphate 
 
. 
 
Sodium carbonate 
 
. 
 
Calcium carbonate 
 
. 
 
Magnesium carbonate 
 
. 
 
Ferrous carbonate 
 
. 
 
Aluaninuoon oxide ............... 
 
Silieia 
 
. 
 
3.3 4.3 18.7 7.5 44.8 6.5 7.4 3.2 23.7 
 
Grains per U. S.gallon 
1.382 .245 .618 3.068 .868 .122 l.464 .181 .187 .297 
.192 .251 1.091 .437 2.613 .379 .432 .187 1.382 
 
Total solids Free carbon dioxide 
 
. 119.4 
 
. 
 
27.0 
 
6.964 1.575 
 
SULPHO-MAGNESIA ARTESIAN'WELL 
 
COBB COUNTY 
 
The Sulpho-Magnesia Artesian well referred to in the description of the Artesian-Lithia well, like the latter well, was put down with the view of locating anthracite coal. The well is 2 inches in diameter, 750 feet deep, and furnishes by continuous pumping about 1,000 gallons per hour. The water has a faint odor of sulphuretted hydrogen. It has been used in the manufacture of ginger ale and also as a mineral water. The only improvement near the well is a small building used for storage and for bottling works. 
 
ANALYSIS SULPHQMAGNESIA ARTESIAN WELL 
 
Alkaline-calcic-lithic 
 
Parts per Grains per 
 
CONSTITUENTS DETERMINED . 
 
million U. S. gallon 
 
Silica (Si02 )  
 
Chlorine (01) 
 
. 
 
18.00 7.70 
 
1.050 .449 
 
 148 
 
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF GEORGIA 
 
Sulphur trioxide (SOa) 
 
. 
 
Carbon dioxide (C02 )  ;",  
 
Sodiurnn oxide (~R:O) 
 
. 
 
. Potassium oxide (K:O) 
 
". 
 
Lime (CaO) .................... 
 
Magnesia (MgO) .................. 
 
. Alumina (Al20a) .... 
 
Ferrie oxide (F~03) 
 
-. 
 
.Phosphorus pentoxide (P:O~) 
 
. 
 
Arsenic (As) 
 
-- 
 
. 
 
Bromide (Br) . ~ 
 
,_ . 
 
Manganese (MnO) .. : 
 
. 
 
Lithia (Li 20 ) 
 
. 
 
PROBABLE COMBINATIONS 
Lithium chloride Potassium chloride Potassium bromide Potassium sulphate Sodium sulphate Sodium phosphate Sodium arsenite Sodium carbonate 1fagnesiurn carbonate Calcium carbonate Aluminum sulphate Ferrous earbonata Silica 
 
.' . . . . . . 
. . 
. . .' . . 
 
3.00 120.50 
15.00 5.10 35.00 6.00 1.25 .87 
.35 trace trace trace 2.50 
7.20 3.74 trace 5.07 1.19 .66 trace 24.75 12.60 62.50 5.45 2.61 18.00 
 
Total solids Free carbon dioxide 
 
. 143.77 
 
. 
 
82.73 
 
.175 7.027 .875 .297 2.041 .350 .073 .051 .020 trace trace trace .146 
.420 .218 trace .296 .069 .039 trace 1.443 .735 3.645 .318 .153 1.050 
8.386 4:.825 
 
SULPHUR SPRING 
CHATTAHOOCHEE COUNTY 
This spring is 14 miles southeast of Columbus on the Seaboard Air Line Railway, within a few hundred yards of Sulphur Springs station. The spring is a bold, sulphur spring furnishing 6 gallons per minute. The water has a strong odor of sulphureted hydrogen, a slightly acid taste, and throws dowu about the spillway a whitish precipitate. The spring has long been known and its water is supposed to possess valuable medicinal properties. The water has a local use only. The improvements are a terra cotta curbing and 
 
 DESCRIPTIONS or INDIVIDUAL SPRINGS 
 
149 
 
a small pavilion to protect the spring from the direct rays of the 
 
sun. 
 
ANALYSIS SUI,lPHUR SPRING 
 
Light eouce. S'Ulp~uretted 
 
CONSTITUENTS DE'l'ERMINED 
 
Parts per million 
 
Silica (SiO,) 
 
Chlorine (01) ................. 
 
Sulphur trioxide (80s) Carbon dioxide (C0 2)  Sodium oxide (Na,O) 
 
Potassium oxide (~O) 
 
Lime (C.O) 
 
Magnesia (MgO) 
 
Alumina (Al,O.) 
 
,........... 
 
Ferric oxide (Fe:Oa) 
 
,", . . . . . . . . . . 
 
2.5 4.2 
7.5 47.0 
2.0 1.0 1.3 1.5 2.0 1.1 
 
Grains per U. S. gallon 
.146 .245 .432 2.740 ;117 .058 .076 .087 .117 .064 
 
PROBABLE COMBINATIONS 
 
Potassium' chloride Sodium chloride 
 
. 
 
1.7 
 
.099 
 
'. 
 
3.5 
 
.204 
 
Magnesium chloride 
 
. 
 
1.3 
 
.076 
 
Magnesium sulphate 
 
. 
 
1.5 
 
.087 
 
Caleium-aulphate 
 
. 
 
3.2 
 
.187 
 
Aluminum sulphate 
 
. 
 
6.6 
 
.385 
 
Ferrous carbonate 
 
. 
 
1.4 
 
.082 
 
Silica 
 
. 
 
2.5 
 
.146 
 
Total solids Free carbon dioxide 
 
. 
 
21.7 
 
. 
 
46.5 
 
1.266 2.712 
 
SULPHUR SPRING' 
EMANUEL COUNTY 
This spring is located on the side of the 'public road near the margin of Big Cannouchee River swamp about 5 miles southeast of Stillmore. It furnishes about 3 gallons of slightly sulphurous water per minute. The water, in addition to being locally used, has been shipped to a limited extent. There is no improvement about the spring whatever, not even a curbing. It is claimed by the users of this water that it possesses distinct medicinal properties, nevertheless, the analysis shows it to be a very pure water. 
 
 150 
 
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF GEORGIA 
 
ANALYSIS SULPHUR SPRING 
 
Light saline. Sulphuretted 
 
CONSTITUENTS DETERMINED 
 
Silica (SiO:) 
 
. 
 
Ohlorine (01) 
 
. 
 
Sulphur trioxide (SOa) 
 
. 
 
Carbon dioxide (CO:) 
 
. 
 
Sodium oxide (Na,O) . 
 
Potassium oxide (K:zO) 
 
. 
 
Lime (OaO) ............ ".. 
 
Magnesia (MgO) ....... 
 
Alumina (AI20a)  .',  
 
Ferrie oxide (Fe20a) 
 
,. 
 
Parts per million 5.0 4.0 .3 3.0 2.2 .6 .3 .5 1.0 1.4 
 
PROBABLE COMBINATIONS 
 
Potassium chloride 
 
. 
 
.9 
 
Sodium chloride 
 
. 
 
4.1 
 
Magnesium chloride 
 
. 
 
1.2 
 
Calcium sulphate 
 
. 
 
.5 
 
Calcium carbonate 
 
. 
 
.2 
 
Ferrous carbonate 
 
; 
 
". 
 
2.0 
 
Aluminum oxide 
 
. 
 
1.0 
 
Silica 
 
. 
 
5.0 
 
Gmins per U. S. gallon 
.292 .233 .017 .175 .128 .035" .017 .029 .058 .082 
.052 .239 .070 .029 .012 .117 .058 .292 
 
Total solids FTee carbon dioxide 
 
. 
 
14.9 
 
.869 
 
. 
 
2.1 
 
.122 
 
SULPHUR SPRING 
 
GLYNN COUN'l:Y 
 
"This spring is near the shell road about 4 miles northwest of Brunswick. It is a small sulphur spring flowing about 2 gallons per minute. The water has a very distinct odor of sulphuretted hydrogen, and forms a rather copious white precipitate about the drainway. The spring is situated near the margin of a small run 
 
within a few rods of a grove of live oaks which form an ideal place for picnics. The only improvement is a wooden curbing. The spring is much frequented by people from Brunswick. 
 
ANALYSIS SULPHUR SPRING 
 
Saline-magnesic. SuZphuretted 
 
Parts per 
 
CONSTITUENTS DETERMINED 
 
Silica (Si02)  
 
Chlorine (el) ,.,", 
 
. 
 
million 7.0 
31.0 
 
Gmins per U. S. gaJIon 
.408 1.808 
 
  
 
DESCRIPTIONS OF INDIVIDUAL SPRINGS 
 
151 
 
Sulphur trioxide (SOli) 
 
. 
 
Carbon dioxide (C02) ' 
 
Sodium oxide (Na:aO) 
 
. 
 
Potassium oxide (~O) .......... 
 
Lime. (CaO) 
 
. 
 
Magnesia (MgO) ........ 
 
Alumina (A120a)  ,. 
 
Ferric oxide (Fe 20a) 
 
. 
 
PROBABLE COMBINATIONS 
 
Potassium chloride Sodium chloride 
 
Calcium sulphate Calcium carbonate 
 
Magnesium sulphate 
 
: 
 
Magnesium chloride 
 
Aluminum oxide 
 
; 
 
Ferrous carbonate SMca 
 
. . . . :. . . . . 
 
Total solids 
 
. 
 
Free carbon dioxide 
 
. 
 
4.5 16.6 12.0 1.2 
4.2 10.0 1.1 1.6 
i.9 
22.9 5.4 1.7 2.5 21.7 1.1 2.3 7.0 
66.5 15.0 
 
.262 .968 .700 .070 .245 .583 .064 .093 
.111 1.335 
.315 .099 .146 1.226 .064 .134 .408 
3.838 .875 
 
SWIFT LITHIA SPRING 
 
ELBERT COUNTY 
Swift .Lithia Spring is' located near the Seaboard Air Line Railway 5 miles east of Elberton. This spring has only recently come into notice. It is a small spring, furnishing 2~ gallons per minute. The spring is protected by a granite basin set in cement. There are no accommodations at present. for guests. The water is chiefly used as a medicinal water and within the last 2 or 3 years has had a considerable sale in Elberton and elsewhere. 
 
ANALYSIS SWIFT LITHIA SPRING 
Sw,phateiJ-saline-calcic-magnesic. Lithia 'Parts per 
 
CONSTI'l'UENTS DETERMINED 
 
million 
 
Siliea (SiO,) . ;.................... 
 
Chlorine (01) ........... 
 
Sulphur trioxide (SO,,) 
 
-. . 
 
Carbon dioxide (C02) . Sodium oxide (Na,O) ........ Potassium oxide (K~O) ........... 
 
39.5 12.1 345.2 94.5 32.5 
.4 
 
Grains .per U. S. gallon 
2.304 .706 20.131 5.511 1.895 .023 
 
 152 
 
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF GEORGIA 
 
Lime (CaO) 
 
. 
 
~agnesia (MgO) 
 
. 
 
Alumina (AI~Os) 
 
. 
 
E:errie oxide (FellD's) 
 
. 
 
Lithia (Li,O) , .. ,.' , .. , 
 
. 
 
PROBABLB COlmINATIONS 
 
Lithium ehlordde .................. 
 
Potassium chloride 
 
" 
 
_, 
 
Sodium chloride 
 
; 
 
. 
 
Sodium sulphate 
 
. 
 
M;agnesium sulphate 
 
. 
 
Calcium sulphate Calcium carbonate 
 
. ,' . 
 
Aluminum sulphate 
 
. 
 
Ferrous carbonate 
 
. 
 
Silica 
 
. 
 
Total solids 
 
. 
 
Free carbon dioxide 
 
. 
 
290.5 11.0 
2.5 1.0 
.65 
1.8 .7 
19.4 50.9 .33.0 490.6 158.0 8.4 2.0 39.5 
804.3 25.0 
 
16.941 .641 '.146 .058 
. .038 
.105 .041 1.131 2.968 1.924 . 28.611 9.214 .490 .117 2.304 
46.905 1.458 
 
TA.MPA SPRING 
 
FULTON COUNTY 
This spring is at Tampa on the River Electric Car line, 4 miles northwest of Atlanta. It is rather a large spring furnishing 10 gallbns per minute. At the time of the writer's visit the spring was 'protected by a rather attractive spring house. Water from this spring was at one time 'sold in Atlanta as a table water, under the name of "Crystal Spring Chalybeate-Lithia Water." 
 
ANALYSIS TAMPA SPRING 
 
Neutral 
 
Parts per 
 
CONSTITUENTS DETERMINED 
 
million 
 
Silica (Si02) Chlorine (01) 
 
'."  
. 
 
15.45 5.60 
 
SUlphur trioxide (803) . Carbon dioxide (COli) 
 
. 
 
11.00 
 
. 
 
80.40 
 
,Sodium oxide (Na.O) 
 
.. 
 
6.89 
 
Potassium o:ride (K,O) Lime (CaO) 
 
.. 
 
2M. 
 
,. 
 
7.00 
 
Magnesia (MgO) 
 
, .. , 
 
.. 
 
Phosphorus pentoxide (PllO~) .....':. 
 
1.55 trace 
 
Alumina (AlllOS) 
 
. 
 
.30 
 
'Ferri<} oxide (FellOS) 
 
. 
 
2.60 
 
Grains per U. S. gallon 
.901 .327 .641 4.689 .402 -. ,119 
'.408 
.090 trace '.017 
.151 
 
  DESCRIPTIONS OF INDIVIDUAL SPRINGS 
 
153 
 
PROBABLE COMBINATIONS 
Potassium chloride Sodium chloride Sodium sulphate Magnesium: sulphate Calcium sulphate Calcium carbonate Aluminum sulphate Ferrous carbonate Silica 
Total solids Free carbon dioxide ; 
 
. 
 
3,24 
 
. 
 
6.70 
 
. 
 
7.65 
 
. 
 
4.65 
 
. 
 
6.10 
 
. 
 
8.02 
 
. 
 
1.00 
 
. 
 
3.80 
 
. 
 
15.45 
 
. 
 
56.61 
 
. 
 
75.44 
 
.189 .391 .446 .271 .356 .468 .058 .222 .901 
3.302 4.399 
 
TATE MINERAL SPRING 
 
P,CKENS COUNTY 
 
Tate Mineral Spring, which is owned by the' Tate heirs; is 
 
located on land lot 132, 13th district of Pickens County, about 5 
 
miles southwest of Jasper, and near the Jasper-Canton public road. 
 
This is a very bold chalybeate spring, furnishiug 6 gallons per 
 
minute. The water has a distinct irony taste and throws down 
 
upon standing a rather copious, reddish-brown precipitate. The 
 
only improvement is a rudely constructed bath house and a small 
 
cottage. The spring has quite a reputation locally as a mineral spring. 
 
ANALYSIS TATE MINERAL SPRING 
 
Chalybeate 
 
Parts per 
 
CONSTITUENTS DETERMINED 
 
million 
 
Silica (Si02 )  
 
Chlorine (CI) .............. c... 
 
Sulphur trioxide (S03) 
 
. 
 
Carbon dioxide (C02)  
 
Sodium oxide (N8:l0) 
 
: 
 
. 
 
Potassium oxide (K:O) 
 
. 
 
Lime (OaO) ...................... 
 
Magnesia (MgO) 
 
. 
 
Alumina (Al:03)  
 
Ferric oxide (Fe203 )  
 
9.5 8.6 11.5 48.4 6.4 1.7 22.6 9.6 2.4 4.6 
 
Grains per U. S. gallon 
.554 .502 .671 2.822 .373 .099 1.318 .560 ,,140 .268 
 
 154 
 
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF GEORGIA 
 
PROBABLE C01:lBINATIONS 
Potassium chloride Sodium chloride Calcium carbonate Magnesium carbonate Magnesium sulphate Aluminum oxide Ferrous carbonate Silica 
Total solids Free carbon dioxide 
 
. 
 
2.4 
 
. 
 
9.5 
 
. 
 
40.3 
 
. 
 
1.3 
 
. 
 
17.3 
 
. 
 
2.4 
 
. 
 
6.6 
 
. 
 
9.5 
 
. 
 
89.3 
 
. 
 
17.7 
 
.140 .554. 2.349 .076 1.008 .140. .345 .554 
5.166 1.032 
 
TAYLbR SPRING 
 
COwllTA COUNTY 
This spring, which is owned by W. L. Taylor, is located on lot 238, 1st 'district, Coweta County, about 2~ miles west of Haralson. The water is supposed by its owner to possess medicinal properties, being considered especially beneficial to persons suffering with indigestion. Its main use has been for drinking and general domestic purposes. The flow is about 2 gallons per minute. 
 
ANALYSIS TAYLOR SPRING 
 
Alkalinecalcio 
 
Parts per Grains per 
 
CONSTITUENTS DETERHINED 
 
million U. S. gallon 
 
Silica (SiO,) .................... 
 
Chlorine (Ol) .................... 
 
Sulphur trioxide (SO,), ............ 
 
Carbon dioxide (CO2)  
 
Sodium oxide (Na 20) 
 
. 
 
Potassium oxide (Ir~O) 
 
. 
 
Lime (CaO) 
 
. 
 
Magnesia (MgO) ................. 
 
49.2 4.0 
trace 104.8 
1.8 1.4 26.2 14.1 
 
2.869 
 
.233 
 
0 
 
trace 
 
6.112 
 
.105 
 
.082 
 
1.528 
 
.822 
 
Alumina (AI20ll)  
 
Ferric oxide (Fe20a) 
 
. 
 
Lithia (Li,O) 
 
. 
 
1.0 .6 
trace 
 
.058 .035 trace 
 
PROBABLE COMBINATIONS 
Lithium chloride Potassium chloride Sodium chloride M-agnesium chloride Magnesium sulphate 
 
. trace 
 
. 
 
2.4 
 
. 
 
3.6 
 
. 
 
.5 
 
. trace 
 
trace .140 .210 .029 
trace 
 
 DESCRIP1'IONS OF INDIVIDUAL SPRINGS 
 
155 
 
Magnesium carbonate 
 
: .. 
 
29.4 
 
Calcium carbonate 
 
. 
 
46.8 
 
Aluminum oxide 
 
. 
 
1.0 
 
Ferrous carbonate ............. 
 
.9 
 
Silica 
 
. 
 
49.2 
 
1.714 2.730 
.058 .052 2.869 
 
Total solids 
 
: . 133.8 
 
!Tee carbon dioxide .............. 68.6 
 
7.802 4.000 
 
THALMAN ARTESIAN WELL 
GLYNN COUNTY 
This well which has a depth of 400 feet is located within a short distance of the depot at Thalman. It is a flowing well furnishing 40 gallons per minute. The water as it flows from the well is said to have a distinct odor of sulphuretted hydrogen and to form a grayish-white precipitate about the spillway. The water is largely used for drinking and general domestic purposes, but it also has a local reputation as a mineral water. 
 
ANALYSIS .THALMAN ARTESIAN WELL 
 
S'Ulphate~8aline-80dio 
Parts per 
 
CONSTITUENTS DETERMINED 
 
million 
 
Silica (SiD,) 
 
. 
 
12.0 
 
Chlorine (Cl) 
 
. 
 
28.4 
 
Sulphur trioxide (SOa) 
 
. 
 
Carbon dioxide (C02)  Sodium oxide (N~O) ............ :. 
 
Potassium oxide (K 20) . ',' '.' 
 
. 
 
Lim. (CaO) 
 
. 
 
84.3 91.3' 70.0 
.6 33.2 
 
Magnesia (MgO) 
 
.. 
 
25.6 
 
Alumina (A120a)  
 
2.0 
 
Perzie oxide (Fe 20,) 
 
. 
 
2.2 
 
Phosphorus pentoxide (P20,) 
 
. 
 
.1 
 
PROBABLJ: COMBINATIONS 
Potassium ehlorlde Sodium ehloride Sodium sulphate Sodium phosphate Calcium carbonate Magnesium carbonate MagJiesium sulphate 
 
. 
 
.9 
 
. 
 
46.0 
 
. 103.4 
 
. 
 
.2 
 
. 
 
59.3 
 
. 
 
25.2 
 
. 
 
39.3 
 
Grains per U. S. gallon 
. 700 1.656 4.914 5.324 4.082 .035 1.936 1.493 .117 .128 .006 
.052 2.683 6.030 
.012 3.458 1.470 2.292 
 
 156 
 
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF GEORGIA' 
 
Aluminum oxide Ferrous carbonate Silica 
Total solids Free carbon dioxide 
 
. 
 
2.0 
 
. 
 
3.1 
 
. 
 
12.0 
 
. 291.4 
 
. 
 
51.4 
 
.117 .180 .700 
16.994 2.997 
 
THOMPSON SPRING 
 
JACKSON COUNTY 
This spring, the property of J. N. Thompson & Company, is 
located in militia district No. 1407, near Hoschton. It is a small spring, furnishing only 1}1, gallons per minute. The water is supposed by its owner to possess medicinal properties, but apparently it has been used but little for that purpose. The branch formed by the spring is said to show a reddish precipitate, which is probably iron oxide; however, the analysis shows but little iron present. 
 
ANALYSIS THOMPSON SPRING 
 
Alkaline-caleta 
 
CON~TITUENTS DETERMINED 
 
Silica (Si02)  
 
Chlorine (.Cl) 
 
. 
 
Sulphur trioxide (SOa) 
 
. 
 
Carbon dioxide (C02)  : 
 
Sodium oxide '(Na:O) 
 
. 
 
Potassium oxide (K:O) 
 
. 
 
Lime (CaO) 
 
. 
 
Magnesia (MgO) 
 
.. 
 
Alumina (A120a) .: .... 
 
Ferric oxide (Fe:Os) 
 
. 
 
Parts per million 35.8 3.5 9.4' 68.0 10.0 2.4 27.0 7.3 .7 1.3 
 
PROBABLE COMBINATIONS 
 
Potassium chloride 
 
Sodium chloride 
 
Sodium sulphate 
 
Sodium carbonate 
 
; 
 
Calcium carbonate 
 
Magnesium carbonate 
 
Ferrous carbonate 
 
Aluminum oxide 
 
Silica 
 
" 
 
. 
 
3.8 
 
. 
 
2.8 
 
. 
 
16.7 
 
. 
 
2.7 
 
. 
 
48:2 
 
. 
 
15.3 
 
. 
 
1.8 
 
. 
 
.7 
 
. 
 
35.8 
 
Grains per U. S. gallon 
2.088 .204 .548 3.966 .583 .140 
1.575 .426 .041 .076 
.222 .163 .974 .157 2.811 .892 .105 .041 2.088 
 
Total solids .. ~ Free carbon dioxide 
 
. 127.8 
 
. 
 
37.0 
 
7.453 2.158 
 
 DE!iCRIPTIONS OF INDIVIDUAL SPRINGS 
 
157 
 
THUNDERING SPRING 
UPSON COUNTY 
This spring is located in the extreme northwestern corner of Upson County within a few hundred yards of Thunder Station on the Macon and Birmingham Railroad. It is so called from a peculiar 'thundering-like noise which is said to have originally come from the spring. This noise has' apparently now entirely ceased, but, nevertheless, there is a large amount of air escaping from the spring in the form of bubbles. It is possible that the escape of these air bubbles previous to the filling with logs,sands, etc., of the deep pipe-like cavity through which the water emerges, may have given rise to a low rumbling-like noise ascribed to the spring when the country was first settled by the whites. The spring is quite large. The water comes up with considerable force through the white sand and forms quite a good .sized branch. 
The sand in this spring is somewhat different from other sands in that when it is pressed in the hands it gives out a peculiar cracking sound not unlike snow when similarly crushed. This, together with the large amount of air given off and the high temperature (76 0 F.) seem to be the chief characteristic features of the spring. 
The improvement at the time of the writer's visit consisted of a small, poorly constructed bath house. It is said that originally there was a small hotel and other buildings at the spring. The location of the spring at the base of Pine Mountain and within a short distance of Flint River adds to the attractiveness of the place as a summer resort. 
 
ANALYSIS THU.NDERING SPRING 
 
Thermal alkaline-calcio 
 
CONSTITUENTS DETERMINED 
 
Parts per million 
 
Silica (8iO,) 
 
. 
 
Chlorine (Cl) ..................... 
 
Sulphur trioxide (SO,) 
 
. 
 
Carbon dioxide (002 )  Sodium oxide (N~O) .............. 
 
Potassium oxide .(~O) ............. 
 
8.5 5.6 
.5 85.8 . 
4.4 1.8 ;' 
 
Grains per U. S. gallon 
.496 .327 .029 5.004 -.257 ';l05 
 
'- 
 
 158 
 
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF GEORGIA 
 
Lime (CaD) ...................... Magnesia (MgO) ................ Alumina (AI,O.) ............ " ... Ferrie oxide (Fe"Oa) .. .. 
 
PROBABLB COHBINATIONS 
 
Potassium chloride 
 
. 
 
Sodium chloride ............ 
 
Sodium sulphate 
 
. 
 
Sodium carbonate 
 
. 
 
Calcium carbonate 
 
. 
 
Magnesium carbonate 
 
. 
 
Aluminum oxide 
 
0.'  
 
Ferrous carbonate ; 
 
. 
 
Silica 
 
. 
 
27.6 5.4 .6 .5 
2.9 '6.9 
.9 .5 49.3 11.3 .6 
>II 
8.5 
 
Total solids Free carbon dioxide 
 
. 
 
81.7 
 
. 
 
57.7 
 
1.610 .315 .035 .029 
.169 .402 .052' .029 2.875 .658 .035 .047 .496 
4.7.63 3.365 
 
TOBE TATE SPRING 
 
GoRDON COUNTY 
Tobe Tate Spring is a small chalybeate spring located on the right bank of Pinhook Creek in the eastern part of Gordon County, about 4 miles northeast of Fairmount. The spring is situated at the base of a cliff on the bank of the creek: It is nnprotected and is overflowed during high water. The flow is less than a gallon per minute. The water, which yields a precipitate of iron oxide on standing, is used only locally. No buildings or improvements are near the spring, and judging from appearances, it is only occasion- 
 
ally visited. 
 
ANALYSIS TOBE TATE SPRING 
 
Alkaline-saline-calcie-Chalybeate 
 
Parts per 
 
CON~TITUENTS DETERMINED 
 
million 
 
Bihea (SiO,) Chlorine (Cl) Sulphur trioxide (SO~) Carbon dioxide (CO::) Sodium oxide (Na::O) Potassium oxide (K::9) Lime (CaO) 
 
. 
 
24.2 
 
- .... 
 
14.9 
 
. 
 
18.8 
 
_. 
 
50.3 
 
. 
 
14.5 
 
. 
 
13.6 
 
. 
 
26.6 
 
Magnesia (MgO) 
 
' " 10.7 
 
Grains per U. S. gallon 
1.411 .868 1.096 2.933 .845 .793 1.551 .624 
 
  DESCRIPTIONS OF INDIVIDU'AL SPRINGS 
 
159 
 
Alumina (AlZ03 )  
 
Fer.ric oxide (FezO.) 
 
. 
 
PROBABLE. COMBINATIONS 
 
Potassium chloride 
 
. 
 
Sodium chloride 
 
. 
 
Sodium sulphate 
 
. 
 
Magnesium sulphate 
 
. 
 
Magnesium carbonate 
 
. 
 
Calcium carbonate ,' 
 
. 
 
Aluminum oxide 
 
. 
 
Ferrous carbonate 
 
. 
 
Silica 
 
. 
 
Total solids 
 
. 
 
Free carbon dioxide 
 
. 
 
1.4 4.0 
19.5 11.2 19.5 11.7 14.3 49.2 1.4 
5.8 
24.~ 
156.8 18.0 
 
.082 .233 
1.137 .653 
1.137 .682 .833 
2.869 .082 .338 
1.411 
9.142 1.050 
 
TRENTHAM SPRING 
 
CAMPBELL COUNTY 
Trentham Spring is situated in the 'southern part of Campbell County about 4 miles west of Fairburn, the county site. Some years ago the spring is said to have been quite popular as a health resort, but at present it is seldom visited, except by the people living in the immediate vicinity. 
The flow is about 2 gallons per minute. Upon standing for a short time the water throws down a rather copious precipitate of yellowish-brown iron sesquioxide. The spring is located some distance from the nearest farm house in a wild and picturesque section. No improvement whatever is to be seen about the spring. 
 
ANALYSIS TRENTHAM SPRING 
 
Chalybeate 
 
CONSTITUENTS DETERMINED 
 
Parts per Grains per million . U. S. gallon 
 
Silica (SiO:) Chlorine (Cl) Sulphur trioxide (SO,) Carbon dioxide (CO:) Sodium oxide (Na,O) Potassium oxide (K,;O) Lime (CaO) Magnesia (MgO) 
 
. 
 
37.60 
 
. 
 
4.90 
 
.. 
 
18.00 
 
. 
 
93.60 
 
. 
 
14.90 
 
. 
 
.83 
 
. 
 
30.75 
 
. 
 
7.25 
 
2.193 .286 
1.050 5.459 
.869 .048 1.793 .423 
 
 160 
 
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF GEORGIA 
 
Phosphorus pentoxide (P2011) ..... 
Arsenie (As) ................. 
 
Alumina (Al20S)  
 
Ferric oxide (F~03) 
 
. 
 
:PROBABLE COMBINATIONS 
 
Potassium chloride 
 
. 
 
Sodium chloride ................... 
 
Sodium' sulphate 
 
. 
 
Sodium phosphate 
 
. 
 
Sodium arsenite 
 
. 
 
Magnesium sulphate 
 
. 
 
Magnesium carbonate 
 
. 
 
Calcium carbonate 
 
. 
 
Aluminum sulphate 
 
' 
 
. 
 
Ferrous carbonate 
 
. 
 
Silica 
 
. 
 
.90 trace 
.63 9.00 
1.31 7.03 25.58 1.80 trace 5.39 11.45 63.44 2.55 12.60 37.60 
 
Total solids 
 
. 
 
Free carbon dioxide 
 
; 
 
. 168.75 
 
-.. 
 
58.49 
 
.052 trace 
.037 .525 
.076 .410 1.491 .105' trace .314 .668 3.700 .149 .735 2.193 
9.841 3.411 
 
TRENTON SULPHUR SPRING 
 
DADS COUN'rY 
Trenton Sulphur Spring is located within the corporate limits 
 
of Trenton, the county seat of Dade County. It is a small sulphur 
 
spring furnishing only 30 gallons an hour. The water forms a 
 
white precipitate about the overflow pipe, and has a distinct odor ~f hydrogen sulphide. It is much used in Trenton for drinking 
 
purposes. The spring issues a'S a minute stream from a small 
 
fissure in the Chickamauga limestone. 
 
ANALYSIS TRENTON SULPHUR SPRING 
 
..Al1caline_calcio-Sulphuretteil Parts per 
 
CONS'l'lTUENTS DETERMINED 
 
Baliea (SiO,) ..................... 
 
Chlorine (Cl) .................. . 
 
Sulphur trioxide SO,) 
 
. 
 
Carbon dioxide (CO:) 
 
. 
 
Sodium oxide (Na,O) ............. 
 
Potassium oxide (K:O) 
 
. 
 
Lime (CaO) ..................... 
 
Magnesia (MgO) .................. 
 
Alumina (Al:OS 
 
. 
 
Ferric oxide FezOs) 
 
. 
 
Phosphorus pentccdde (P:OI\) 
 
. 
 
million 17.80 12.25 10.20 297.00 38.00 5.20 84.90 41.90 .2.35 5.40 .SO 
 
Grains per U. S. gallon 
1.038 .714 .595 
17.320 2.216 .303 4.951 2.444 .137 .3i5 .017 
 
 DESCRIPTIONS OF INDIVIDUAL SPRINGS 
 
161 
 
PROBABLE COMBINATIONS 
 
Potassium chloride 
 
. 
 
Lithium chloride 
 
. 
 
Sodium chloride 
 
. 
 
Sodium phosphate ~ ................ 
 
Sodium sulphate 
 
~. 
 
Sodiurnn carbonate ................... 
 
Magnesium carbonate 
 
. 
 
Calcium carbonate 
 
. 
 
Aluminum sulphate 
 
. 
 
Manganese .carbonate 
 
. 
 
Ferrous carbonate 
 
. 
 
Silica 
 
: 
 
. 
 
Total solids 
 
. 
 
Free carbon dioxide 
 
. 
 
8.24 trace 13.71 
.60 18.10 38.58 87.99 151.61 
9.40 trace 
7.82 17.80 
353.85 165.10 
 
.481 trace .800 .035 1.056 2.250 5.131 8.842 .548 trace .457 
~1.038 
20.638 9.628 
 
UTOY ROCK SPRING 
 
FULTON COUNTY 
This spring is on Cascade Avenue 8 miles southwest of Atlanta within a few hundred yards of the south branch of Utoy Creek. The spring is quite small, furnishing less than 1 gallon per minute. It is protected by a stone curbing and a small pavilion. Water from this spring is sold in Atlanta mainly as a drinking water. No provisions 'are made for accommodation of guests: 
 
ANALYSIS UTOY ROCK SPRING 
 
.L1lkaline-calcic-magnes-ic 
 
CONSTITUENTS DETERMINED 
 
Silica (SiO,) 
 
. 
 
Chlorine (Ol) 
 
. 
 
Sulphur trioxide (SO,) 
 
. 
 
Carbon dioxide (C02)  
 
SOdium oxide (1<0,0) 
 
. 
 
Potassium oxide K 20) 
 
. 
 
Lime (CoO) 
 
. 
 
Alumina (Al203 )  _  :  
 
Magnesia (MgO) 
 
. 
 
Ferrie oxide (Fe203)  ~  
 
Parts per million 33.0 3.5 4.2 82.0 9.5 1.1 17.0 
8.9 
12.0 1.6 
 
PROBABLE COMBINATIONS 
Potassium chloride Sodium sulphate Sodium chloride 
 
. 
 
1.9 
 
. 
 
7.4 
 
. 
 
4.3 
 
Gmins per U. S. gallon 
1.924 .204 .245 4.782 .554 .064 .991 .466 .700 .093 
.111 .431 .251 
 
 162 
 
GEOLOGIOAL SURVEY OF GEORGIA 
 
Sodium carbonate 
 
 
 
Calcium carbonate .................. 
 
Magnesium carbonate 
 
. 
 
Aluminum oxide 
 
. 
 
Ferrous carbonate 
 
. 
 
Silica f                              
 
Total solids 
 
. 
 
FTee carbon dioxide 
 
. 
 
.. 
 
4.4 30.0 25.2 
8.0 2.3 33.0 
116.5 53.0 
 
.256 1.750 1.470 
.466 .134 1.924 
6.793 3.091 
 
VERNER SPRING 
GWINNETT COUNTY 
. This spring, which is reported to possess medicinal properties, is 2.miles north of Duluth. The water at present is used at a small hotel of 22 rooms near by. The flow is 25 gallons per minute. 
 
ANALYSIS VERNER SPRING 
 
Light alkaline-calcio 
 
Parts per 
 
CONSTITUENTS DETERMINED 
 
million 
 
Silica (SiO:) 
 
. 
 
Chlorine (01) 
 
,. 
 
Sulphur trioxide (SO,) 
 
. 
 
Carbon dioxide (C02)  Sodium oxide (NasO) .............. 
 
Potassium oxide (~O) .............. 
 
Lime (CaO) ...................... 
 
Magnesia (Mgo) 
 
. 
 
Alumina and ferric oxide (Al20a & Fe:::Oa) 
 
14.0 3.9 2.3 54.8 4.0 1.4 30.6 2.1 2.0 
 
PROBABLE COMBINATIONS 
 
Potassium chloride 
 
. 
 
2.4 
 
Sodium chloride 
 
. 
 
4.8 
 
Sodium sulphate 
 
. 
 
2.5 
 
Magnesium sulphate Magnesium carbonate 
 
. 
 
.4 
 
. 
 
4.2 
 
Calcium carbonate Alumina and ferric oxide Silica 
 
. 
 
54.6 
 
. 
 
2.0 
 
: 
 
. 
 
14.0 
 
Grains per U. S.gallon 
.816 .227 .134 3.196 .233 .082 1.784 .122 .117 
.140 .280 .146 .023 . .245 3.184 .117 .816 
 
Total solids Free carbon dioxide 
 
' 
 
. 
 
84.9 
 
. 
 
28.6 
 
4.951 - 1.668 
 
 DESCRIPTIONS OF INDIVIDUAL SPRINGS 
 
J.63 
 
WABENA SPRING 
CLARKE COUNTY 
Wabena Spring, which is located within a few hundred yards of Nellie B. Avenue, in East Athens, has within the last 2 or 3 years attracted considerable local interest as a mineral spring. The water has a limited sale in Athens. With the exception of a cement curbing, the spring is unimproved. The flow is less than a gallon per minute. The water has a distinct irony taste and throws a copious yellowish-brown precipitate on standing. The spring is on a wooded hillside within -a few rods of a small boggy 
swamp. It is owned at present by J. E. Beacham and Company 
of Athens. 
 
ANALYSIS WABENA SPRING 
 
Chalybeate 
 
Parts per 
 
CONSTITUENTS DETERMINED 
 
million 
 
Silica (SiD::) 
 
. 
 
Chlorine (01) 
 
. 
 
Sulphur trioxide (80a) 
 
. 
 
Carbon dioxide (C02 )  
 
SOdi~Dl oxide (~a:O) 
 
. 
 
Potassium oxide (~O) 
 
. 
 
Lima (CaO) 
 
. 
 
Magnesia '(MgO) 
 
. 
 
Alnmina (AJ,.O,) 
 
. 
 
Ferrie oxide (Fe::O,) 
 
. 
 
12.6 5.7 1.0 
100.0 5.9 .5 8.7 .8 .8 ' 32.0 
 
Grains per U. S. gallon 
.735 .332 .058 5.832 .3<4 .029 .507 .047 .047 1.806 
 
PROBABLE COMBINATIONS 
 
Potassium chloride 
 
. 
 
.8 
 
Sodium chloride Sodium sulphate Sodium carbonate 
 
'__' .. 
 
9.1 
 
. 
 
1.8 
 
. 
 
2.9 
 
Calcium carbonate 
 
. 
 
15.5 
 
ldagnesiuDl carbonate ............... 
 
1.7 
 
Ferrous carbonate 
 
. 
 
46.4 
 
Alumina 
 
. 
 
.8 
 
Silica 
 
. 
 
12.6 
 
.047 .531 .105 .169 .904 .099 2.706 .047 .735 
 
Total 801i~  -. 
 
91.6 
 
FTee carbon dioxide 
 
. 
 
73.5 
 
5.343 4.296 
 
 164 
 
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF GEORGIA 
 
WACO MINERAL'SPRINGS 
HARALSON COUNTY 
This group of springs is located on land lot 233, 7th district, Haralson Connty, about three-fourths of a mile southwest of Waco. The springs, which cover an area of less than an acre, are said to be more than 40 in .number, but they are all small, none furnishing more than a few gallons per 'minute, 
The springs are beautifully located in a small depression at the base of a crescent shape bluff. The only improvement at present about the springs is a small pavilion. Accommodations, however, can be had at Waco, which is only a short distance. 
These springs have been known and used for their supposed medicinal properties since 1886. Only 2 analyses are here given of this group of springs. No. 1 is known as the Iron Spring and No..2 as the Eye Spring, the latter being so named on account of the supposed healing properties of its water when applied to inflamed eyes. 
 
ANALYSIS WACO MINERAL SPRINGS 
 
I 
 
II 
 
CONSTITUENTS DETERMINED 
 
Parts per Grains per Parts per Grainsper million gallon million gallon 
 
SCihlilcoari(nSei0(C2)l)_________________________________________ 
Sulphur trioxide (SO,) ____________ Carbon dioxide (C02)____________ Sodium oxide (N.2O)_____________ Potassium oxide (K20) ___________ LUne (CaO) _____________________ 
Magnesia. (MgO) _________________ 
Alumina (Al20,) ___" ____________ Ferric oxide (Fe20a) _____________ Nitric acid (RNO,) ______________ 
 
11.0 3.0 7.0 18.0 6.5 
.5 2.0 1.6 
.4 8.6 
trace 
 
.641 .175 .408 1.049 .379 .029 .116 .093 .023 .501 
trace 
 
9.0 3,0 5.0 20.0 3.5 
.5 7.0 1.6 1.0 
.7 
trace 
 
.525 .175 .291 1.166 .204 .029 .408 .093 .058 .041 
trace 
 
  DESCRIPTIONS OF INDIVIDUAL SPRINGS 
 
165 
 
I 
 
II 
 
PROBABLE COMBINATIONS 
 
Parts per Grainsper Parts per Grains per million gallon million gallon 
 
Potassium chloride _______________ 1.0 
 
.058 
 
1.0 
 
.058 
 
Sodium chloride__________________ 4.2 
 
.245 
 
4.2 
 
.245 
 
SodjuDlsulphate _________________ 9.5 
 
.554 
 
5.5 
 
.320 
 
Calcium sulphate_________________ 3.1 
 
.181 
 
3.3 
 
.192 
 
Calcium carbonate_______________ 1.5 
 
.087 
 
10.0 
 
.583 
 
Magnesium carbonate____________ 3:5 
 
.204 
 
.3.5 
 
.204 
 
Aluminum oxide_________________ 
 
.4 
 
.023 
 
1.0 
 
.058 
 
Ferrous carbonate________________ Silica ______c ____________________ 
 
12.4 11.0 
 
.723 .641 
 
1.1 
 
.064 
 
9.0 
 
.525 
 
Total solids_________________ 46.6 Free carbon dioxide______________ 6.0 
 
2.716 .350 
 
38.6 2.249 13.1 ' .760 
 
WADE SPRING 
HABERSHAM SPRING 
This spring, owned by J. C. Wade, of Cornelia, is located in 
the southern part of Habersham County about 1 mile southeast of Cornelia. It is claimed that the water of this spriug was originally held in high repute by the Indians for its medicinal properties. Like claims are also made by the users of the water in recent years; however, the analysis given below does not seem to substantiate such claims, unless the beneficial effect was produced by the purity rather than by the mineral properties of the water. 
The spring flows 40 gallons per minute. It is located near the head of a small ravine and is surrounded by a grove of pines, hickory, and other hard woods. There are no improvements whatever about the spring. 
 
ANALYSIS WADE SPRING 
 
Neutral 
 
Parts per 
 
CONSTITUENTS DETERMINED 
Silica (SiOl!) 
 
million 
 
.. 
 
7.4 
 
Chlorine (Cl) ................. 
 
3.1 
 
Sulphur trioxide (SO,) .............. 
 
1.2 
 
Grains per U. S. gallon 
.432 
, .181 
.070 
 
 166 
 
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF GEORGIA 
 
Carbon dioxide' (C02)  
 
Sodium oxide (Na,O) 
 
. 
 
Potassium oxide (~O) 
 
. 
 
Lime (CaO) ., 
 
" 
 
.. 
 
Magnesia "(MgO) 
 
. 
 
Alumina 
 
( 
 
A 
 
l 2 
 
0a) 
 
... 
 
Ferrie oxide (F~03) 
 
. 
 
2.0.1 2.4 .6 1.6 trace 3.0 1.5 
 
PROBABLE COMBINATIONS 
 
Potassium chloride 
 
. 
 
1.0 
 
Sodium chloride 
 
. 
 
4.5 
 
Calcium carbonate 
 
: , .. 
 
1.4 
 
Calcium sulphate 
 
. 
 
2.0 
 
Aluminum oxide 
 
. 
 
3.0 
 
Ferrous carbonate 
 
. 
 
2.0 
 
Silica 
 
 . .- . 
 
7.4 
 
Total solids FTee carbon dioxide 
 
. 
 
21.3 
 
. 
 
18.8 
 
1.172 .140 .035 .093 trace .175 .087 
.058 .262 .082 .117 .175 .117 .432 
1.243 1.097 
 
WARM SPRINGS 
MERIWETHER COUNTY 
The spring which has made this resort a famous watering place was known to the Indians and its water was used by them for bathing. The white settlers were not long in learning the valueable properties of the waters and built log 'cabins at an early date near the spring to accommodate invalids. The spring is located on the Southern Railway at the base of one of the foot-hills of Pine Mountain in the southern part of Meriwether County. It is the site of one of the most noted and popnlar watering places in the State. The improvements consist of a modern hotel, having a capacity for, abont 200 guests, a large number of neat and well constructed cottages, a livery stable, a large natatorium and numerous private baths. The grounds are well laid out and are kept in good condition. The nearness of Pine Mountain, which attains an altitude of 1,200 feet or more above sea level, adds greatly to the natural beauty of the place, and at the same time produces the mountain breezes which are so refreshing during the hot summer 
nights. 
 
 DESCRIf:rlONS OF INDIVIDUAL SPRINGS 
 
167 
 
The spring flows .from .a .quartzite ledge at the margin of a small meadow. The temperature of the water, taken at the point where it enters the baths; was found to be 87 F. The capacity of the spring is 1,890 gallons per minute. The water is always clear, and it is supposed to possess marked medicinal properties. 
 
ANALYSIS WARM SPRING Thermal. .L1lkaline-calcic-magnesic 
 
CONSTITUENTS DETERMINED 
 
Parts per million 
 
Silica (SiO,) .................... 
 
Ohlorine (01) 
 
"........... 
 
Sulphur trioxide (S03) 
 
Carbon dioxide (C02 )  Sodium oxide (N.,O) 
 
Potassium oxide (Nu 20) Lime (OaO) 
 
Magnesia (MgO) 
 
Alumina (AI,O,) 
 
Ferrie oxide (Fe~03) 
 
22.75 2.20 5.10 83.10 5.00 
.35 28.00 17.70 1.00 
1.50 
 
PROBABLE COMBINATIONS 
Potassium chloride Sod. ium chloride Sodium sulphate Magnesium sulphate .: Magnesium carbonate Calcium carbonate Aluminum sulphate Ferrous carbonate Silica 
 
, . 
 
' 
 
.55 4.84 
 
. 
 
3.30 
 
. 
 
1.26 
 
. 
 
36.28 
 
. 
 
50.00 
 
. 
 
2.70 
 
. 
 
1.80 
 
. 
 
22.75 
 
Grains per U.S.gallon 
1.327 .245 .297 4.846 .292 .026 1.633 1.032 .058 .087 
.032 .282 .19B .07S 2.116 2.916 .15'T .105 1.327 
 
Total solids Free carbon dioxide 
 
. 123.48 
 
. 
 
41.27 
 
7.200 2.407 
 
WASHINGTON SULPHUR SPRING 
WILKES COUNTY 
This is it small sulphur spring located near the corporate limits 
a. of Washington. Years ago the spring had considerable repu- 
tation as a mineral spring, but in recent years' it has been neglected and is now but little used. The water. is said to have a faint odor of sulphuretted hydrogen when it flows from the spring. 
 
 168 
 
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF GEORGIA 
 
ANALYSIS WASHINGTON SULPHUR SPRING 
Sulpho-saline-calic. Sulphuretted 
 
- CONSTITUENTS DETERMINED 
 
Parts per Grains per million U. S. gallon 
 
Silica (SiO,) 
 
:. .. . . . .  
 
Chlorine (Cl) 
 
. .. . . .. . . .. . . .. .. 
 
Sulphur trioxide (803)  Carbon dioxide (C02 )  Sodium oxide (Na-O) ...... 
 
Potassium oxide (KaO) 
 
Lime (CaO) ..................... 
 
Magnesia (MgC) .............. 
 
Alumina (A120s) ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fern-ie oxide (F6:l0a) ............... 
 
32.0 5.3 380.0 154.0 27.0 2.4 296.8 6.7 1.2 
.7 
 
1.866 .309 
22.160 8.980 1.575 
.140 17.308 
.391 .070 .041 
 
PROBABLE COMBINATIONS 
 
Potassium chloride ....... 
 
Sodium chloride 
 
. 
 
Sodium sulphate 
 
. 
 
Calcium sulphate 
 
. 
 
Calcium carbonate 
 
. 
 
Magnesium carbonate 
 
. 
 
Aluminum oxide 
 
. 
 
Ferrous carbonate 
 
. 
 
Silica 
 
. 
 
3.8 5.8 54.6 571.0 I;W.O 20.0 1.2 1.1 32.0 
 
.222 .338 3.148 33.299 6.414 I.l66 .070 .064 1.866 
 
Total solids Free carbon dioxide 
 
. 7.99.5 . 110.0 
 
46.587 6.414 
 
WATSON MINERAL SPRING 
 
OGLETHORPE COUNTY 
 
This spring is located in the extreme southwestern corner of 
 
Oglethorpe County, 8 miles west of Maxeys, a statiou au the Atheus 
 
branch of the Georgia Railroad. It has a considerable local reputa- 
 
tion and is much visited during the summer by the people of the 
 
region. 
 
. 
 
The improvements consist of a boarding house and a few cot- 
 
tages. The spring is walled in and is also surrounded by a small 
 
neat wooden pavilion. 
 
The capacity of the spring is quite small, being only 1 gallon 
 
in 5 minutes. The water has a faint odor of hydrogen sulphide, but 
 
 DESCRIPTIONS OF INDIVIDUAL SPRINGS 
 
169 
 
it does not yield any precipitate. The scenery in the vicinity of the spring is varied. The hills are usually well rounded and the valleys narrow. The Oconee River near by presents a good opportunity for boating. 
 
ANALYSIS WATSON MINERAL SPRING 
Alkaline-catcic. Sulphuretted 
 
CqNSTITUENTS DE'.1'ERMlNED 
 
Silica (SiD:) 
 
'.. 
 
Chlorine (Ol) 
 
. 
 
Sulphur trioxide (S03) 
 
. 
 
Carbon dioxide (CO~) .............. 
 
Sodium oxide (Na:O) 
 
. 
 
Potassium oxide (K:O) 
 
. 
 
Lime (CaO) 
 
. 
 
Magnesia (MgO) 
 
.. 
 
Phosphorus pentoxide (P:OIi )  Alumina (Al:03)  
 
Ferric oxide (Fe::Oa) 
 
. 
 
Parts per million 
35.40 3.40 3.00 
113.80 16.70 1.27 48.20 11.50 trace .20 1.00 
 
PROBABLE COMBINATIONS 
Potassium chloride Sodium chloride Sodium sulphate Sodium phosphate Sodium carbonate Magnesium carbonate Calcium carbonate Aluminum sulphate Ferrous carbonate Silica 
 
. 
 
2.01 
 
. 
 
4.02 
 
. 
 
4.47 
 
. 
 
trace 
 
. 
 
21.54 
 
. 
 
24.15 
 
. 
 
86.07 
 
. 
 
.68 
 
. 
 
1.45 
 
. 
 
35.40 
 
Grains per 
u. S. gallon 
2.064 .198 .175 6.6&7 .974 .074 2.811 .671 trace .012 .058 
.117 .234 .261 trace 1.256 1.408 5.016 .040 .085 2.064 
 
Total solids Free carbon dioxide 
 
. 179.79 . 53.81 
 
10.481 
~.138 
 
WHITE ELK SPRING 
BIBB COUNTY 
This spring, formerly known as St. Winifred's, is located on the Edwards estate 6 miles east of the city of Macon. The place is known as Holly Bluff, and as the name suggests it is a place of much natural beauty. A large artificial lake near the spring adds 
 
 , 
I 
1 
 
170 
 
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF GEORGIA 
 
greatly to the beauty of the surroundings. There is here within a 
 
few feet of each other 3 different springs, one of which, having a 
 
capacity of 20 gallons per minute, is known as White Elk. 
 
The flow of White Elk Spring is quite uniform throughout both 
 
winter and summer. The temperature of the water, 65 F., is like- 
 
. 
 
I 
 
,-. 
 
wise uniform throughout the year. The water emerges at an angle 
 
of about 45 from beneath a bed of impervious clay, through glazed 
 
tile into a basin of brick and cement sealed over with cement and 
 
plate glass. From the basin galvanized pipes lead directly to the 
 
bottling house where the water flows into the glass containers 
 
ready for shipment. One of the main characteristics of White Elk 
 
water is its great purity and every precaution is taken to keep the 
 
spring and surroundings in absolute sanitary conditions. 
 
No arrangements are 'made at the springs for the accommoda- 
 
tion of guests. The water is put on the market both as a table and 
 
a medicinal water. 
 
ANALYSIS '~VHITE ELK SPRING 
 
Neutral 
 
Parts per 
 
CONSTITUENTS DETERMINED 
 
Silica (SiO,) ...................... 
 
Chlorine (01) 
 
. 
 
million 4.8 3.3 
 
Sulphur trioxide (SOa) 
 
~ 
 
. 
 
Carbon dioxide (CO,) 
 
~ ........ 
 
Sodium oxide (N3.:l0) 
 
. 
 
Potassium oxide (K,O) ; 
 
. 
 
Lime (CaO) ..................... 
 
Magnesia (MgO) 
 
. 
 
Alumina (Al20a) ..... 
 
Fel'1"ic oxide (Fe,Os) 
 
. 
 
.6 11.3 
1.8 .4 
1.3 .8 
.Z 
.6 
 
Grains per U. S. gallon 
.280 .192 .035 .658 ,105 .023 .076 .047 .012 .035' 
 
PROBABLE COMBINATIONS 
 
Potassium chloride 
 
. 
 
.8 
 
.047 
 
Sodium chloride 
 
. 
 
4.6 
 
.268 
 
Magnesium sulphate 
 
. 
 
.9 
 
.052 
 
Calcium carbonate 
 
. 
 
2.3 
 
.134 
 
Magnesium carbonate ' 
 
~. 
 
1.1 
 
.064 
 
. Ferrous carbonate 
 
. 
 
.9 
 
.052 
 
Aluminum oxide ............. 
 
.2 
 
.012 
 
Silica 
 
. 
 
4.8 
 
.280 
 
Total solids 
 
~ 
 
Free carbon dioxide 
 
. 
 
15.6 
 
.909 
 
. 
 
9.6 
 
.560 
 
  " 
 
DESCRIPTIONS OF INDIVIDUAL SPRINGS 
 
171 
 
, WHITE OAK MINERAL WELLS 
 
BIBB COUNTY 
This group of wells, belonging to the Whit~ Oak Mineral Water 
 
Company of Macon, is located about 4 miles west of Macon. Two 
 
of the wells, those from which the water is now being put on 
 
the market, are within a few feet of each other, while the other 
 
two are several hundred yards distant, one being on an adjacent hill 
 
and the other in the intervening valley. They are all dug wells, 
 
varying from 50 to 70 feet in depth. It is claimed that the analyses 
 
of the water from these different wells show about the same mineral 
 
constiti...ents. 
 
The White Oak Mineral Water Company, is at present selling, 
 
mainly in Macon, about 200 gallons of water per day. The water 
 
is used chiefly as a mineral water. The following analysis was 
 
made from well No.1. 
 
ANALYSIS WHITE OAK MINERAL WELL 
 
Sulphated'11lagllesia-calcic-salill6 Parts per 
 
CONSTITUENTS DETERMINED 
 
Silica (SiD,) 
 
. 
 
Ohlorine (01) 
 
.. 
 
Sulphur trioxide (S03) 
 
. 
 
Carbon dioxide (CO2 )  
 
Sodium oxide (Na20) 
 
. 
 
Potassium oxide (~O) 
 
. 
 
Lime (CaD) 
 
.. 
 
Magnesia (MgD) 
 
. 
 
Alumina (AI 203 )  
 
Perzic oxide (Fe:Oa) 
 
. 
 
million 73.0 53.0 725.0 44.0 75.5 
2.4 244.0 160.0 
2.6 5.0 
 
Grains per U. S. gallon 
4.257 3.091 44.903 2.566 4.403 
.140 16.328 
9.330 .152 .292 
 
PROBABLE COMBINATIONS 
 
Potassium chloride 
 
.Sodium chloride 
 
Sodium sulpfiate 
 
Calcium sulphate 
 
: 
 
Calcium carbonate 
 
Magnesium sulphate 
 
Aluminum oxide 
 
Ferrous carbonate 
 
Silica 
 
. 
 
3.8 
 
. 
 
84.0 
 
. 143.2 
 
. 551.5 
 
. 
 
30.3 
 
. 480.0 
 
. 
 
2.6 
 
. 
 
7.2 
 
. 
 
73.0 
 
.222 4.899 8.352 32.161 1.766 27.992 
.152 .420 4.257 
 
Total solids Free carbon dioxide 
 
. 1,375.6 
 
. 
 
28.0 
 
80.221 1.633 
 
 172 
 
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF GEORGIA 
 
WHITE PATH MINERAL SPRINGS 
GILMER COUNTY 
White Path Springs are located near White Path station on the Atlanta-Knoxville division of the Louisville and Nashville Railroad 6 miles northeast of Ellijay, the county site. These springs are much frequented during the summer months by parties from Atlanta and the southern part' of the State. The location is excellent for a summer resort. The springs are situated at the base of one of the spurs of Turniptown Mountain whose highest peaks attain an altitude of nearly 4,000 feet above sea level. The. temperature during the hottest days in summer is always pleasant and the breezes from the near-by mountain are quite invigorating. The scenery, although not so wild and picturesque as at some other points in the State, is, nevertheless, such as can only be met with in mountainous regions. The hills and ridges are steep and rugged, while the small streams flow in deep canyon- 
like gorges. There are 4 main springs in the group known as the Chalybeate, 
the Magnesia, the Mountain, and the Spring-House. The Chalybeate Spring is the one most noted and is the one most used by the guests. This spring furnishes between 2 and 3 gallons per minute. The water has an iron taste and yields quite abundant precipitate of brownish iron oxide upon standing for a short time. 
The Magnesia Spring, located on White Path Branch a few hundred yards above the Chalybeate Spring and the Mountain Spring on the mountain side about the same distance as well as the Spring-House Spring, which is within a few rods of the Chalybeate Spring, are all small common freestone springs such as are often met with throughout the mountainous section of North 
Georgia. 
 
 DESCRIPTIONS OF INDIVIDUAL SPRINGS 
 
173 
 
ANALYSES WHITE PATH SPRINGS 
 
Chalyheate Magnesia Spring House Mountain 
 
Spring 
 
Spring 
 
Spring Side Spring 
 
CONSTITUENTS 
 
Parts Grains PaIts Grains Parts Grairu Parts Grains 
 
DETERMINED 
 
per per per per per per per per 
 
-- 
 
milliongallon million gallon million gallon million gallon 
 
Silica (SiO.) _____________ 32.60 1.901 10.82 .588 9.1 .531 17.4 1.014 CWorine (C1) ____________ 4.90 .286 3.50 .204 2.1 .122 5.2 .303 
 
Sulphur trioxide (S03) ____ 11.90 .694 1.25 .073 3.8 .221 .8 .047 
 
Carbon dioxide (C02 ) ____ 46.60 2.718 28.12 1.640 6.7 .376 9.6 .560 
 
Sodium oxide (Na 2O) _____ 11.60 .675 3.20 .187 2.6 .151 5.3 .309 
 
Potassium oxide (K 2O) ___ .60 .035 .10 .006 .8 .047 1.2 .070 
 
1 
 
Lhne (CaO) _____________ 15.00 .875 3.20 .187 1.2 .070 3.5 .204 Magnesia (MgOl _________ 3.80 .221 2.44 .142 1.1 .064 1.8 .105 
 
Alumina (Al.O.) _________ .40 .023 .38 .022 .1 .006 0.1 .006 
 
Ferric oxide (Fe203) _____ 4.00 .233 2.56 .149 .4 .023 .2 .012 
 
Phosphoruspentoxide 
 
(P.O.) - - - - --- -- -_ ---- .70 .041 non none ---- ---- ---- ---Arsenic (Asl._____________ trace trace none none ---- ---- --- - ---- 
 
PROBABLE COMBINATIONS 
 
Potassium chloride_______ .95 .055 .18 .010 1.2 .070 1.9 .111 
 
Sodium chloride__________ 7.33 .427 5.63 .328 2.4 .140 7.0 .408 
 
Sodium sulphate_________ 17.68 1.031 .46 .027 3.0 .175 1.4 .082 
 
Sodium phosphate________ 1.40 .082 none none ------ --- - ---- ---Sodium carbonate________ -- -- ---- ---- - --- ---- ---- 1.7 .099 Calcium carbonate_______ 26.80 1.563 5.71 .333 2.1 .122 6.2 .361 
 
Magnesium carbonate____ 5.94 .346 4.28 .250 - --- -- -- 3.8 .222 
 
Magnesium sulphate______ 2.91 .170 1.19 .069 3.2 .187 ---- ---- 
 
Aluminumsulphate______ 1.35 .079 .30 .017 ---- ---- - --- ---- 
 
Aluminum oxide_________ ---- ---- ---- --- - 
 
.1 .006 .1 .006 
 
Ferrous carbonate________ 5.60 .327 3.71 .236 .6 .035 .3 .018 
 
Silica___________________ 32.60 1.901 10.82 .588 9.1 .531 17.4 1.014 
 
Total soIids_________ 102.56 5.98~ 32.28 1.858 21.7 1.266 39.8 2.321 Free carbon dioxide______ 29.50 1. 72 19.66 1.146 5.0 .291 4.0 .233 
 
WHITE SULPHUR SPRING 
HALL COUNTY 
This spring, also called Oconee White Sulphur Spring, is located 6 miles east of Gainesville and 2 miles southeast of White Sulphur, a station on the Southern Railway. The spring has been a noted 
 
 174 
 
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF GEORGIA 
 
health resort for more than half a century. 'White, in his statistics of Georgia, published in 1849, says: "If good accommodations, fine water, beautiful scenery are recommendations of any place then the Sulphur Spring of Hall County may be put down as among the most delightful spots in Georgia." Prior to the Civil War the wealth and fashion of the State annually gathered at this resort. Later the resort lost somewhat its former popularity, but within the last few years, due largely to extensive improvements, it has regained its former position as a fashionable summer resort and is now regarded as one of the most attractive watering places in the 
State. The present accommadations consist of a hotel with wide 
porches, attractive dining room, and a large number of bed rooms with baths, together with numerous attractive cottages built so as to accommodate from 5 to 10 people. The cottages are considered a part of the hotel. All guests are regular patrons of the hotel dining room, which will accommodate about 100. The spring is protected by cement walls and an attractive pavilion, which make, the sanitary conditions seemingly well nigh perfect. Other attractions which might be mentioned are the beantiful grounds with their well kept walks, billard and pool parlor, dancing hall, lawn tennis court, bowling alley, etc. 
The spring flows less than 2 gallons per minute. The water has a distinct odor of sulphuretted hydrogen and forms about the overflow a whitish precipitate. 
 
ANALYSIS HALL COUNTY WHITE SULPHUR SPRING 
 
.tl.lkaUlle-sodic-calcic. SulphuJ"etted 
 
Parts per Grains per 
 
CONSTITUENTS DETERMINED 
 
million U. S. gallon 
 
Sillaa (SiO,) 
 
Sulphur trioxide (SO,) 
 
Carbon dioxide. (CO,) I' Phosphorus pentoxide (P20~) 
 
'. . .. . 
 
Arsenic (As) 
 
"............ 
 
Chlorine (Cl) .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. . . . .. .. 
 
Ferric oxide (F6:!Oa) .... "........... 
 
22.00 3.64 
104.00 trace trace . 5.25 
1.60 
 
1.283 .212 
6.065 trace trace 
.306 .093 
 
 DESCRIPTIONS OF INDIVIDUAL SPRINGS 
 
175 
 
Alumina (Al.:zO.) 
 
", 
 
. 
 
Lime (CaO) 
 
. 
 
Magnesia (MgO) ................ 
 
Potash (K,O) 
 
. 
 
Soda (Na,O) 
 
. 
 
Lithia (Li,O) .................. 
 
PROBABLE COMlmrATIONS 
 
Lithium chloride ........... 
 
Potassium chloride 
 
'.' 
 
. 
 
Sodium chloride 
 
r, 
 
Sodium sulphate 
 
. 
 
Sodium phosphate 
 
. 
 
Sodium arsenite 
 
', . 
 
Sodiuxn earbonate ................. 
 
Magnesium carbonate 
 
. 
 
Calcium carbonate 
 
. 
 
Aluminum sulphate ,' 
 
. 
 
Ferrous carbonate 
 
. 
 
'Silica 
 
. 
 
.40 22.40 5.59 5.54 38.16 trace 
trace 8.78 1.76 4.79 
trace trace 60.14 11.74 40.00 
1.34 2.32 22.00 
 
.023 1.306 
.326 .323 2.225 trace 
trace .512 .103 .279 
trace trace 3.507 
.685 2.333 .078 
.135 1.283 
 
Total solids 
 
Free carbon dioxide 
 
. 
 
. 152.87 54.38 
 
8.915 3.161 
 
WILD ROSE SPRING 
 
DODGE COUNTY 
Wild Rose Spring is located on land lot 201, 16th district, Dodge County, 37', miles east of Eastman. The water from this spring has been sold in the last few years at Eastman, both as a table and mineral water. This is a small unimproved spring, furnishing 2 gallons per minute. Near the spring here described there is reported a chalybeate spring, but the wate~ from this spring has not been analyzed by this Department. 
 
ANALYSIS WILD ROSE SPRING 
 
Neutml. 
 
Parts per 
 
CONSTITUENTS DETERllINED 
 
million 
 
Silica (SfO,) Chlorine (01) Sulphur trioxide (SO,) 
 
. 
 
5.0 
 
:. 
 
3.5 
 
.. 
 
.2 
 
Carbon dioxide (CO,) 
 
. 
 
26.0 
 
Sodium oxide (N8.:0) 
 
. 
 
2.1 
 
Grains per U. S.gallon 
.292 .204 .012 1.516 .122 
 
 176 
 
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF GEORGIA 
 
Potassium oxide (K20) 
 
. 
 
.6 
 
Lhne (CaO) ...................... 
 
1.8 
 
Magnesia (MgO) .................. 
 
.9 
 
Alumina (Al,O,) .................. 
 
.3 
 
Ferric oxide (Fe.zOs) 
 
". 
 
.6 
 
l'~OBABLE COYBINATI<?NS 
 
Potassium chloride 
 
. 
 
1.1 
 
Sodium chloride 
 
. 
 
4.0 
 
Magnesium chloride 
 
. 
 
.5 
 
-Magnesium sulphate ldagnesiuro carbonate 
 
'. 
 
.3 
 
. 
 
1.5 
 
Calcium carbonate 
 
. 
 
3.2 
 
Ferrous carbonate 
 
. 
 
.9 
 
Aluminum oxide 
 
. 
 
.3 
 
Silica 
 
. 
 
5.0 
 
Total solids Free carbon dioxide 
 
~ 
 
16.8 
 
. 
 
23.5 
 
.035. .105 .052 .017 . .035 
.064 .233 .029 .017 .087 .187 .052 .017 .292 
.978 1.370 
 
WILKERSON SPRING 
RABUN COUNTY 
The Wilkerson mineral spring has been known locally since 1861. It is on lot 22, 5th district, Rabun County, about one-half mile northeast of Tiger Mountain. The topography in the vicinity of the spring is very rugged. Within 40 or 50 rods of the spring on a small stream is to be seen a beautiful water fall which cascades over a- bluff more than 100 feet in height. The spring is a small chalybeate spring, furnishing less than 1 gallon per minute. The water has an irony taste, and upon standing throws down a copious brownish-red precipitate: The water is supposed to possess very decisive medicinal properties and it is used to a great extent by the people in the vicinity. 
 
ANALYSIS WILKERSON SPRING 
 
Chalybeate 
CONSTITUENTS DETERMINED 
 
Parts per , million 
 
Silica (SiO,) 
 
, 
 
, 
 
, . 13.20 
 
Clorine (Cl) ..... , 
 
, 
 
. 
 
3.55 
 
Sulphur trioxide (SOa) 
 
. 
 
8.67. 
 
Grains per U. S. gallon 
.769 ,207 .506 
 
  PESCllIPTIONS OF INDIVIDUAL SPllINGS 
 
Carbon dioxide -(CO2 )  
 
Sodium oxide (Na,O) 
 
: 
 
. 
 
Potassium oxide (K,O) 
 
.. 
 
Lime (CaO) 
 
. 
 
Magnesia (MgO) 
 
. 
 
AJumtaa (Al,6,) 
 
.. 
 
Ferrie oxide (F~03) 
 
. 
 
PROBABLE COMBINATIONS 
 
Potasalum chloride 
 
",. 
 
Sodium chloride ........... 
 
Sodium sulphate 
 
. 
 
Calcium sulphate 
 
. 
 
Magnesium sulphate 
 
. 
 
Aluminum sulphate 
 
. 
 
Ferrous sulphate 
 
:. 
 
Ferrous carbonate 
 
. 
 
Silica 
 
. 
 
40.23, , '2.27 '2.75 
3.00 .47 .47 7.33 
4.35 2.44 2.25 6.22 1.41 1.57 3.39 8.04 13.20 
 
2;345 
:i.ii~ 
A~O .174 .027 ,027 .427 
.254 .142 .131 .363 .082 ".092 .198 .469 .769 
 
Total solids Free carbon dioxide 
 
:. : .. -,.. 
 
42.87 37.18 
 
2.500 2.168 
 
WILLIS WELL 
 
,MONROE COUNTY 
This well is at J. T. Willis' residence about one-half mile from 
Berner. It has been used chiefly to supply stock and for general household purposes. Owing to some peculiar taste the water has been thought by its owner and others to possess medicinal properties. The well is a common dug well, such as are usually met with throughout the Crystalline area of Georgia. The peculiarity of the. water, as shown by its analysis, is the high percentage of chlorine present. 
 
ANALYSIS WILLIS WELL 
 
SaU,necalcic 
CONSTlTUll:NTS DETERMINED 
 
Parts per million 
 
Btllea (8i02 )  
 
Chlorine (Cl)' 
 
: 
 
. 
 
Sulphur trioxide (80s) ........... :. 
 
Carbon dioxide ,(C02)  
 
Sodium 'oxide (Na,O) 
 
. 
 
~~t.assium oxide (K 20) 
 
, 
 
58.0 200.0 
4.1 117.0 , 78.4 
2.7 
 
Grains per U. S. gallon 
3.382 11.663 
.239 6.823 4.572 
.157 
 
 178 
 
"GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF GEORGIA 
 
Lim. (CaO) .: ....... '" 
 
. 
 
Magnesia (MgO) 
 
. 
 
Phosphorus peIitoxide (P20;) 
 
. 
 
Nitric acid (HN03)  
 
Alumina (Al,0.) 
 
. 
 
Ferric oxide (Fe203)  
 
PROBABLE COMBINATIONS 
 
Potassium chloride 
 
: 
 
. 
 
Sodium phosphate 
 
. 
 
Sodium nitrate 
 
. 
 
Sodium sulphate .................. 
 
Sodium chloride ................... 
 
Magnesium chloride 
 
-, 
 
Calcium chloride ................... 
 
Calcium carbonate ', .. ~ 
 
. 
 
Ferrous carbonate 
 
. 
 
Al~minum oxide ................. 
 
Silica 
 
. 
 
86.9 61.2 trace 4.5 
.8 
";4 
4.4 trace 
6.1 7.3 137.8 U2.8 28.4 129.6 ". 6 .8 58.0 
 
, 5.067 3.569 trace .262 .047 .023 
.256 trace 
.355 .426 '8.036 7.744 1.656 , 7.558 .035 .047 3.382 
 
Total solids Free carbon dioxide 
 
. 505.8 
 
. 
 
40.0 
 
29.495 2.333 
 
. , _.. ~ , 
 
WOODROUGH SPRING I CHATTAHOOCHEE COUN'tY 
 
This spring is a small unimproved spring located near the 
 
Seaboard Air Line Railway about three-fourths 'mile west of Sul- 
 
phur Spring Station. The flow is 3 gallons per minute. The water 
 
has a faint odor of hydrogen sulphide aud forms about the terra 
 
cotta casing a grayish-white precipitate. The spring is located in 
 
a narrow swampy valley near a rather steep hillslope. The spring is known ouly locally. 
 
ANALYSIS WOODROUGH SPRING 
 
" 
 
.Light 8izZine-sulp'huretteil 
 
. 
 
." 
 
CONSTITUENTS DETERMINED 
 
Parts per million 
 
Sili.~ (SiO,) 
 
5.5 
 
ph1or1ne (Oi) 
 
3.2 
 
S,ulphnx trioxide ,(SO.) 
 
ba~'b'on 
l3o~i~m 
 
dioxide (CO 2) oxide (Na.,O) 
 
 :.......... 
' 
 
5:9 38.5 M' 
 
.Potaesium oxide (K20) 
 
1.0 
 
Grains per U. S. gallon 
.321 .187 .344 '2.245 .175 .058 
 
 DESCRIPTIONS OF INDIVIDUAL SPRINGS 
 
179 
 
Lime (OaO) 
 
: .. 
 
Magnesia (MgO) 
 
. 
 
Alumina (A1:iOll) .................. 
 
Ferric oxide (Fe::O.s) 
 
. 
 
PROBABLE COMBINATIONS 
 
Potassium chloride 
 
. 
 
Sodium chloride .................. 
 
Sodium sulphate 
 
. 
 
Calcium sulphate 
 
. 
 
Magnesium sulphate 
 
. 
 
Aluminum sulphate 
 
. 
 
Ferrous sulphate 
 
. 
 
Silica 
 
. 
 
Total solids 
 
. 
 
Free carbon dioxide .,. ' 
 
. 
 
.5 .4 1.0 .7 
1.7 3.6 2.5 1.1 1.2 3.4 1.5 5.5 
20.5 38.5 
 
.029 .023 .,058 . .041 
.099 .210 .146 .064 .070 .198 .087 .321 
1.195 2.245 
 
YOUNG MINERAL SPRING 
 
HABERSHAM COUNTY 
 
Young Mineral Spring is located in a deep hollow or gorge just 
 
east of the railroad at Tallulah Falls between the Cliff House and 
 
the Lodge. The spring is well protected by a curbing and is much 
 
used by the guests of the various hotels. The flow is small, being 
 
less than 2 gallons per minute. The water has a distinct irony 
 
taste and throws down a rather abundant yellowish-brown precipi- 
 
tate on standing. The spring is very romantically located from a 
 
scenic standpoint, being within only a few hundred yards of the 
 
. brink of the.Tallulah chasm: 
 
" 
 
ANALYSIS YOUNG MINERAL SPRING 
 
Cha1ybeate 
 
CONSTITUENTS nETER:MINED 
 
Siliea (SiO~) 
 
. 
 
Chlorine (01) 
 
. 
 
Sulphur trioxide (S03) 
 
. 
 
Carbon dioxide (C02 )  ,.,  " . , 
 
Sodium oxide (Na20 ) 
 
"", 
 
Potassium oxide (K~O) , 
 
,." 
 
Lime (OaO) 
 
. 
 
Magnesia (MgO) 
 
. 
 
Alumina (Al~Os) " , , , , ", 
 
, , , , 
 
Ferrie oxide (Fe~03) .. , .. ,' 
 
" 
 
Parts per million 4.6 5.3 1.5 67.8 2.7 4,7 13.0 2.6 2.6 22.8 
 
Grains per U. S. gallon 
.268 .309 .087 3.953 ,157 .274 .758 .152 .152 1.329 
 
 180 
 
.GEOLOGIOAL SUII,VEY OF GEORGIA 
 
PROBABLE COMBINATIONS 
 
Potassium chloride 
 
. 
 
Sodium chloride 
 
", 
 
. 
 
Sodium sulphate 
 
. 
 
Calcium carbonate 
 
. 
 
Magnesium carbonate 
 
. 
 
Ferrous carbonate 
 
. 
 
Aluminum .oxlde .. ~ .............. 
 
Silica . . . .". 0                         
 
Total solids 
 
. 
 
Free carbon dioxide 
 
. 
 
7.4 2.9 2.7 23.2 7.8 34.2 2.6 4.6 
85.4 38.8 
 
.432 .169 .157 1.352 .455 1.994 ' .152 .268 
4.979 2.263 
 
 LIST OF MINERAL WATER PRODUCERS OF GEORGIA 
 
NAME OF SPRING 
 
COUNTY 
 
PROPRIETOR 
 
ADDRESS 
 
. 
 
Abbeville_________ Wilcox________ Abbeville Mineral Spring Co, Abbeville 
 
Benscot Lithia____ CObb_________ Benscot Lithia Springs Co ___ Atlanta 
 
Bowdon Lithia____ Ilonglas_______ BotwerdoCno _L_i_th_i_a___S_p_r_in_g_s__W__a_r Lithia Springs Cascade ________ Fulton ______ F. B. Magee ____________ Atlanta 
 
Catoosa Springs___ Catoosa_______ Catoosa Springs00_________ Tunnell Hill Cliff Rock________ Fulton________ T. H. McCrea _____________ Atlanta, Ga. 
 
Cbalybeate_______ Meriwether____ Chalybeate Springs Co ______ bhalybeate. Cohutta_________ Murray_______ CohuttaSprings Land 00____ Crandall. 
 
Cox Mineral______ Burke_________ 
Daniel Mineral ___Greene ______ f 
 
Cox Mineral Springs CO_____ Judge Holdeu______________ 
 
Waynesboro. Crawfordville. 
 
.~ ~ iii;SJ1l C.,. l J. J. Rutherford____________ Union Point. 
 
Duke MineraL ___ Polk__________T. N. Duke________________ Cedartown 
 
Electric Gaskiu. 
 
L i t h i a ____ __________ 
 
Taliaf~o----- 
COffee________ 
 
Electric Lithia Springs Co___ Mrs. Joel Gaskin ___________ 
 
Hillman. Douglas 
 
High Rock Mag- 
 
nesia __________ Fulton________ High Rock Water CO_______ Atlanta 
 
Hughes WeIL ____ Floyd_________Oak Park Land Co _________ Rome. 
 
JMaeynBloi_rd___________________>Crhealftatioro--g-a-_-_-__-_- 
 
T. A. McMillan____________ LedbetterBros_____________ 
 
Beach. Rome. 
 
Miller's Mineral __~aldwin------- W. W. Miller______________ Milledgeville. 
 
MioDa___________ MacoD________ Miona Mineral Springs 00___ Fort Valley. 
 
Murrow__________ 'eifton________ Murrow Mineral Springs Co., Tifton. 
 
Pine Mountain ___ Troup_________ Pine Mountain Springs Co___ West Point. 
 
Post MineraL ____ Cherokee______ Cherokee Mineral Water Oo.. Holly Springs. Swift Lithia______ Elbert________ Swift Lithia Springs Co _____ Elberton. Utoy Rock_______fulton ________ D. H. Demetry___ ..________ Atlanta White Elk________ Bibb __________ White Elk Water CO________ Macon, Box 546. 
iW. White Oak___~ ___Bibb __________ White Oak Mineral Water Co. Macon 
Wild Rose ________ Dodge ________ A. Morgan _____________ Eastman. 
White Path_______ Gilmer ________ iwhite Path Hotel Co _______White Path. 
 
MINERAL WATER PRODUCTION OF GEORGIA-f9(XH9f2 
 
Year 
 
Quantity [,gallons 
 
Value 
 
Ye"" 
 
Quaotity gallons 
 
Value 
 
1900 1901 1902 1903 1904 1905 1906 
 
148,500 284,976 419,100 379,517 305,294 270,249 130,900 
 
$28,200 45,521 
60,797 . 65,252 
45,~44 
37,619 14,535 
 
*Approximately-figures not verified. 
 
1907 1908 1909 1910 1911 1912 
 
246,800 346,198 782,166 734,135 981,080 857,365' 
 
$28,120 50,930 99,888 63,171 97,752 
84,681* 
 
 / 
 
CLASSIFIED ANALYSES' OF GEORGIA MINERAL WATERS 
 
~ 
 
ALKALINE 
 
~ 
~ 
 
'" 
 
.~ 
 
~AlI!:E OF SPRING 
 
 ~ 
 
LOCAo:r:l0N 
 
'" ~ 28 Albany WeIL _________ City of Albany________ ___ 
 
29 33 
 
Argon _____ __________ BealL ________  __ .:__ 
 
U mile 8 mi. S. 
 
Irem Hlllman ______ W. of warrenton __ 
 
13.62 39.42 64.00 
 
42 Bowman MineraL_____ 2 mi. N. of Holton. ________ 48.,70 
 
44 Brooks Mineral No. 1 __ S7!l"mi. W. of Sanderavllle__ 14.20 
 
~~~;~~~~=========::= 44 Brooks Mineral No.2__ 
5415 OBreQsyel_e_s_M__i_n_e_ra_L_____________ 59Coit MineraL _________ 63 Di::i:on Sulphur________ 64 Duckett______________ 
 
8M mi. W. of Sandersville__ Corp. limits of Rinjgold ____ qav!l :Wring, Floy Co _____ 9 mi.  E. Waynesboro ___ 1 mi. from Toomsboro_____ 5 mi. E. of Dalton_________ 
 
3 mi. N. of Dugdown ______ 
6 mi. W. of Reeves ________ 
 
Cannon __________________ 
 
69 70 73 74 
 
Floyd_________:.______ Fowler _______________ Fuller Sulphur________ Garnet_______________ 
 
Near Plainville, Floyd Co. __ 2%mi. N. of Bullochville___ 3 nit E. of Fairmount______ 17imi. W. ofToccoa______ 
 
76 Georgia MineraL______Between Ringgold and 
 
12.00 15.20 
7.30 7040 
21.00 9.00 13.30 20.50 31.00 27.80 41.20 17.80 27.10 
 
.9 
(235- 
 
..i.9l'~'8&'1" 
Jj"""'" 
 
l'l~,""" 
2'~o ~:a2 
 
84)0 
;;l"d : 
;a'i<Z 
00_ 00 
 
.L 
gj.~ 
~..s'o~l:::.c..:.l.. 
 
;..8:<r0.3... 
 
09.30 6.30 
5.20 5.60 7.00 7.00 15.00 4.20 5.20 10.00 4.00 3.50 10.20 3.50 10.50 7.00 8.50 5.25 
 
1.22 677.00 1.20 74.32 10.50 153.50 9.90 141.60 9.40 109.80 8.00 80.90 11.00 273.10 2.40 90.50 
AO il5.90 
12.00 44.30 1.20 200.00 
13.60 103.20 8.86 131.00 6.70 42.60 24.10 185.20 3.70 83.30 8.10 132.00 10.00 72.60 
 
623.76 13.05 12.30 
16.40 3.50 3.60 
12.30 2.60 2.20 
5.40 3.80 7.10 11.82 
10.30 26.50 15.20 16.60 8048 
 
34.73 2.45 1.90 1.80 1.20 1.60 
1.10 .80 
1.00 .60 
1.00 1.30 283 3.30 
.80 3.20 4.50 2.60 
 
6.00 10,31 51.30 36.20 14.20 16.50 124.70 35.00 70.60 21.30 
64.00 40.10 90040 12.20 96.00 18.60 58.80 24.30 
 
.'" '" .;;;..... 
 
~.!ii0etlll 
 
S 
.< 
,,~ 
 
'~Se 1oe! e0 
 
"0 
il  
 
..... ~ 
 
~:a~ 
 
~-S:a ~.:0a8 
 
3.00 4.05 4.50 9.80 1.30 1.20 
22.20 18.70 
2.20 3.30 35.00 15.00 12.20 7.20 11.20 6040 9.30 9.04 
 
1.7St 
 
1,159.37 254.43 
 
.45 .80 . ,94.03 55.73 
 
1.60 1.00 197 :70 107.10 
 
.80 3.00 175.60 97.10 
 
AO .60 56.70 103.40 
 
.60 .80 .50.70 71.70 
 
6.30 14.30 341.50 108.90 
 
1.50 trace 118.90 43.80' 
 
.30 .40 146.70 58.60. 
 
.. 80 1.00 87040 26.00 
 
2.10 1.20 224.20 110.00 
 
4.00 1.60 231.40 53.20t 
 
3.40 7.20 255.31 39.67 
 
2.20 4040 102.50 19.70 
 
6.70 2.40 292.80 88.40 
 
.70 2.00 125.00 54.60 
 
19:9g rAO 1.60 186.10 AO 2.20 117.63 
 
gj [':; 
C 
~ 
'~.".. 
l?;j 
"I 
~ 
 
7797~:cbrsdoonn 83 Harben 
 
_D_e_e_p__W__e_I_L_______ ______________ 
 
Chickamauga Park____ Town of Gibson ___________ 12 mi. W. of Dalton____..__ 
7 mi. N. W. of Dawsonville 
 
10.20 40.90 15.50 18.60 
 
86 Hawkins MineraL_____ 1M'mi. W. of Ball Ground __ 26040 
 
87 Henderson Mineral. ___ 9 mi. S~ E. of Sandersville___ 17.00 
 
89~~tchcock____________ 3 mi. S. E. of Taylorsville ___ 27.30 
 
91 orseshoe ____________ Cave ~ring--'-----------~ 14.00 97 Jab: Bird_____________ 7 D,li. . of Helena ________ 18.60 
 
98~~ neon Mineral., _____ 2 mi. E. of Boliver Station__ 23.40 99 avanaugh ___________ 3 mi. N. E. of Columbus ___ 35.00 102Lifsey________________ 6 mi. S. W. of Zebulon _____ 15.50 
 
106 Magnolia_____________ 731 mi. N. W. of Americus __ 11.00 
 
110 Meriwether (White Sul- , 
 
2.80 3.00 5.60 3.50 4.20 3.00 3.50 4.20 4.90 4.20 7.00 4.20 4.00 
 
.80 123.20 6.70 9.10 14.78 182040 8.20 34.60 7.00 80.00 1.20 130.00 10.00 54.00 2.30 165.30 2.80 185.60 15.00 93.00 50.90 133.60 3.80 110.00 10.00 98.00 
 
4.20 11.00 10.60 10,10 
7.40 2.10 9.90 3.60 6.50 9.60 17.00 11.00 5040 
 
.80 3.20 2.80 
.80 4040 . 
.70 1.00 
.90 1.30 1.30 2.50 2.90 
.00 
 
57.00 9.00 82.00 13.00 40.30 78.20 23.70 52.10 71.80 53.60 82.80 33.10 39.80 
 
11.00 3040 12.76 2.60 10040 1.50 7.50 33.30 11.00 7040 7.10 17.50 5.30 
 
.80 6.00 
AO --..8300 .60t .50 .80 .80 1.00 .90 .70 AO 
 
.80 6.80 5.40 2.00 1.20 4.50 2.00 1.10 5.00 1.00 
.50 5.70 
 
145.10 64.80 
'95.80 ------ 
227.66 103.75 73.50 19.80 
143.60 36.20 166.10 67.60 118.60 23.00 191.50 85.70 187.20 116.00 168.40 43.60 257.80 78.40 138.80 60.00 118.70 46.20 
 
~ 
t 
 
phW) ______________ Near Durand Station ______ 47.10 
110 Meprhiuwre)t_h_e_r__(_R_e_d_.__S_u_l_- Near Durand Statdon , _____ 32,.80 1l0:Meriwether (Iron). ____ Near Durand Stntion ______ 42.10 
 
7.00 3.50 3.40 
 
6.60 100.00 5.20 82.60 10,20 68.60 
 
14.26 18.70 14.70 
 
3.40 1.90 340 
 
24.50 20.00 29.50 
 
6.00 4.60 4.50 
 
AO 3.60 149.38 70048 ~ .60 1.10 134.00 45.10 .70 8.00 144.80 34.40 
 
* Purta per million. 
 
t Alumina and iron combined. 
 
t Other constituents will be found in complete analysis in te:l:.t. 
 
I 
 
__~_ _. 
 
. 
 
 112 Miller MincraL  _ 1'1illcdgcvillc._. ~~ 113 Mineral Springs Bum- 
 
_ U.OO 
 
64.001 
 
7.001 !l!LOO 
 
2 
 
9 
 
. 
 
0 
 
7 
1 
 
2.50 
 
W.W 
 
25.70 
 
,40 
 
.30 257.00 53.20t 
 
, 
 
mer Resort No. 1____ mi. N. of Lafayette. ._ 23.40 113 Minoral Sprlnga Sum- 
 
4.20 10.60 117.00i 
 
7.50 2.001 U.OO M.~ 1.40 8.00 173.6 64.70 
 
mor Resort No. 2____ mi. N. of Lafayette 
 
_ 19.00 
 
7.00 14.00 137.00 
 
1 
16.00 1.80 51.00 13.M 
 
.80 4.00 182.40 80.00 
 
113 Mineral Springs Sum- 
 
mer Resort No. lO__A mi. N of Lafayette 
 
_ 12.00 
 
4.20 1.60 148.001 
 
4.70 .701 48.W 11.~ .80 1. 70 137.10 96.00 
 
113 Mineral Springs Sum- 
 
mer Resort No. 118Mozley 
120 MUXfOW MineraL 124 Palmer. 
 
2L_.4 mi. N. of Lafayette. _ ~ mi. N. W. of AusteIL. __ 
 
4 mi. W. of Tifton. 
 
_ 
 
Near Chalybeate, Meriweth-l 
 
18.00 
~.OO n.~ 
 
~g8'1 
3:00i 
 
I 
18.30; 20.001 2.10, 57.40 3.00 105.00 
 
2.20 5.20 6.50 
 
.70; 2.10 1.001 
 
4.~ 9.~ M.lO 
 
3.~ 
25..~, 
 
.20 .20, 
1.40 
 
8.00 .60 
1.00 
 
61.20 18.00 18440..3100 39.00_ 
 
126Phocnix. 
 
or Co 5 mi. N. of Rising Fawn. 
 
_ _ 
 
~.OO 
6.50 
 
of 127Pigeon Mountain Iron 
 
Company's Well 
 
l}1 mi. N. W. Noble 
 
132 Poor Robin 
 
lM mi. from Abbeville. 
 
_ _ 
 
18.~ M.~ 
 
137 Rowland No. L 137Rowland No. 2 I43Shamrock 144 Siloam______ 146Speneer 
 
~:~ 6 mi. N. E. of Cartersville __ 
 
6 mi. N.E. ofCartesville__ 
 
11-3 mi. N. E. of McRae mi. S. of Atlanta 
l mi. from Gainesville 
 
_ _ _ 
 
0.00 27.00 23.W 
 
147Sulpho-Magnesia Arte- 
 
sian WeIL 154 Taylor 156 Thompson 
 
~ mi. N.W. of Austell, _ 2M! mi. W. of Haralson _ Near Hoschton, Jackson Co. 
 
~.DO ~.~ 
35.@ 
 
157 hundering 160Trenton Sulphur 161 Utoy Rock 162Verner 
166 Warm 
 
Thunder Stat'n, Upson Co __ 
 
In town of Trenton 
 
_ 
 
8.00 17.80 
 
8 mi. S. W. of Atlanta 2 mi. N. ofDuluth Sou. part Meriwether Co 
 
_ _ _ 
 
~.OO 
M.OO 
~.~ 
 
168 Watson Minernl.; 173 bttc Sulphur 
 
8 mi. W. of Maxey's Station 6 mi. E. of Gn1nesville _ 
 
M.~ 
n.DO 
 
45..02001 
 
10.50 82.70 2.10 158.40 
 
8.90, 4.701 31.00 3.00 .80 W.4 
 
8.,11.~ 
 
I 
.70 2.00 2.60, 1.20 
 
136.00 46.40 180.70 86.80 
 
57.00 3.50 4.76 5.50 1'0.00 6.30 4.20 
 
68.60 360.50 1.20 127.10 6.80 138.60 7.70 103.00 3.90 159.50 1. 75 40.40 
10.60 52.60 
 
223.90,1 4.00 
15.90, 12.70, 9.20 8.48 14.90 
 
4.20 .80 
3.52 3.60 2.10 2.16 2.10 
 
7n4..o0o0 n~..o~o 
M.lO 5.00 
~., 
 
~.~ 
I:~ 
4.~ 16.~ 
4.~ 
3.ill 
 
.50 1.00 
.50 .70 .30 .30, 3.20 
 
1.50 .50 
5.40 2.60 
.20 4.50 5.10 
 
772.30 93.20 174.00 60.00 146.16101.52t 128.10 75.30 251.30 75.30 74.24 26.20 119.40 27.00 
 
f;l 
I 
 
i 
 
47.. 
 
70 00 
 
1 
 
3.00 120.50 trace 104.80 
 
15.00 5.101 M.~ trace 1.25,1 1.80 1.40 W.~ 14.10: 1.00 
 
.87, 143.7782.73t .00, 133.80 68.60 
 
t- 
 
3.50 9.40 68.00 
 
10.00 2.40 ~.~ 7.30 
 
.70 ,1 1.30, 127.80 37.00 
 
l>. 
 
5.60 12.25, 3.50 3.901 4.201 
3.4011 3.64 
 
.50: 85.80 
 
10.20 297.00 
 
4.201 82.00 
 
2.30 54.80 
 
5.10 83.10: 
 
5.001 104.00 
 
110143..0800,i 
 
4.40 38.00 
9.50 
4.001 5.001 16.70, 38.16 
 
USI1.10 
1.40 .35 
1.27 5.64 
 
::88 
17.00 M.~ 28.00 "n..~~ 
 
5.4011 41.90 12.001 
2.101 
n:~gl1 
5.59 
 
.60 
2.35,1 8.00 21..0000,1t 
.20 , 040, 
 
.50 , 5.40, 1.60 
1 
1.50 1.00 1.60 
 
38513..875015675..7i0or 
116.50 53.00 84.90 28.60 123.48 41.27 179.79 53.81 152.87 04.38 
 
~ 
'"'l 
'~" '" 
 
ALKALINE-SALINE 
 
38 Boca Well. ___________ rcedartown _______________ 47 Carters MinoraL ______.Nen.r Oakman_____________ 
 
13.40 28.30 
 
66 Electric Lithia Well ___'Hill, Taliaferro Co _________ 7.GO 
 
81 Green, John M .. Min'l.rlUO Ridge Fannin 00 _____ 
 
92 94 
 
Hughes Mineral WeIL_ Indlcu _______________ 
 
2M mi. W. 3 mi. W. of 
 
of Rome _______ F l o v i l l a ________ 
 
105 Madison _____________ 7 mi. N. of Danielsville ____ 
 
116 Montpelier__________  17 mi. W. of Macon _______ 
 
28.40 15.87 23.50 38.60 50.00 
 
141 Scott MineraL _______ 3!1i mi. S. W. of Sugar Valley 158 Tobe Tato____________ 4 mi. N. E. of Fairmount___ 
 
20.20 24.20 
 
I 
 
75.20 4.20 3.00 3.00 38.50 14.70 5.25 
5.30 5.60 14.90 
 
8.80 166.60 
 
22.00 53.30 
 
16.60 47.00 
 
10.30 30.50 
 
227.90 327.00 
 
21.16 62.86 
 
9.28 14.70 
 
1~~:~ 
 
59.60 141.40 
 
18.80 50.30 
 
74.80 13.00 8.10 7.50 47.20 40.69 12.30 16.:L0 8.20 14.50 
 
1.70 2.20 
.80 1.20 1.54 2.74 3.04 ~,4.Q 
1:3:i8 
 
t Alumina and iron combined. 
 
t Other constituents 'will be found in complete analysis in text. 
 
35.30 19.20 13.40 
7.50 258.25 
17.12 
9.10 16.80 68.30 26.60 
 
33.60 5.30 8.30 -2.30 
77.90 3.30 3.86 6.00 
21.60 
10.70 
 
.80 1.50 3.10 8.50 2040 2.90 3.40 0.80 
1.44 ( 1.00 
.10 1.00 2.20 3.00 
,40 1.80 1.40I _ 4.00 
 
308.90 124.50 
79.30 79.20 823..531 148.32 95.84 138.101 237.91 156.80 
 
'I 1 
o~e 
'" 
 
 SALINE 
 
~ 
 
~ 
.9 NAME OF SPRING 
 
 
LOCATION 
 
~ 
~ 
 
f.0j8"" 
 
.i~-0;;, 
-3'.g@ 
"'~~ 
 
~6 o~~8 
 
~a~Q)Z~ 
OO~ 
ia 
 
'~Q)O 
..f'!0's:I0~ 
oo~ 
'" 
 
~~8~ 
 
..~ 
00 
:~lie" 
 
r: <';~.;8.1..~~<... 
 
.Eo'~R-~~a 0....... 
 
g 
 
";l~ 
 
~~ ..... 
o'Ro 
 
o;g E'SO 
 
f-i <I> tq'"CI ....... 
 
30 ArtesianMLilhia WcIL __ %' mi. N. W. of Austell; _ 
 
31 Bagwell WelL_M 
 
S. E. cor. Chickamauga Pk.; 
 
24.311,032.00 148.40 45.0040,030.001,271.00 
 
163.30 876.801 84.5028,855.001 
 
6.401 169.10 21.401 212.00 3, 337.502,430.00 
 
.90 53.00t 
 
.30 2,159.20 80.001 
 
68,137.00 
 
1 
 
30 Bowdon Lithia. No.1 __ Near Lithia Springs Statlcn, 32.00 1,101.60 
 
41 Bowdon Lithia No. 2 49 Catoosn (Epsom) 
 
Ncar Lithia Springs Statton, 
 
4 mi. E. of Ringgold 
 
_ 
 
48.20 18.15 
 
558.00 7.00 
 
49Catool!ll. (Cofiee) M_ 4 mi. E. of Ringgold 
 
_ 31.00 
 
5.60 
 
49 Catoosa (Buffalo Lithia) 4 mi. E. of Ringgold __ M 49Catooso. (Cosmotic) 4 mi. E. of Ringgold 
 
_ _ 
 
70.00 16.75 
 
4.90 4.90 
 
GO Daniel MineraLM __M 7 mi. N. E. of Union Pcint , 
 
85 Hardy Well 
 
93 Illges W3Louch 
 
weMn, 
 
M 
 
T23o1"wmn i.ofEH. uofmCilotolunm;.;b_u_sM__M__ 
 
M_M_~ Ncar AustclLM_M __M_M _ 
 
107Mo.jors_M 
 
Menlo, Chll.ttooga CO MM 
 
43.20 28.00 13.50 11.60 65.30 
 
7.50 7.10 246.30 3,134.16 5.60 
 
109 Medlook We1L_M __M 5-8 mi. N. W. of Austcll 
 
114 Miona No. 3 114 Miona No.7 
 
M_M 
 
1 1 
 
mi. mi. 
 
N. of N. of 
 
Ogtethorpa, Oglethorpe 
 
116 Morgan Mineral WeIL~ Y.! mi. N. of Morganville 
 
121 Norwood Sulphur 
 
8 mi. S. E. of Fort Valley 
 
129 Point Andrews Mineral- mi. W. of Macoo 
 
_ M M 
 
26.204, 8.80 10.50 
 
769.26 4.00 
15.60 
 
_ _ _ 
 
19.00 5.50 45.00 
 
565.00 5.00 
191.00 
 
,135Powder No. IM_M 
 
135Powdor No. 2 
 
135 Powder No. 3M 
 
139 Russcau 
 
M__ ~ 
 
M_ 
 
Powder Springs Station _ Powder Springs StationM_M_ Powder Springs Station M 10 mi. N. of 'l'homson _ 
 
24.20 34.90 
35.30 39,40 
 
107.80 84.00 
5.60 5.30 
 
145 Smith WelL 14SSulphur 149Sulphur 150SulphurM 151 Swift Lithia 
 
M_M 
 
MM _M Near Gra~on, Gwinnett Co. 14 mi. S. E. of Columbuar.,., 
 
5,mi. S. E. of Stillmore _ 
 
4 mi. N. W. of Brunswick __ 
 
5 mi. E. of Elberton 
 
~_~ 
 
13.30 2.50 5.00 7.00 
30.50 
 
156.20 4.20 4.00 31.00 12.10 
 
155 Thalman Artesian welllThalman, Glynn 00 
 
_ 12.00 28.40 
 
167 171 
 
Washington White Oak, 
 
Sulphur_MM 
 
Washington, Wilkes 4 mi. W. of Macon 
 
Oo_~ __ M_ 
 
177 Willis WelL 
 
31" mi. from Berner 
 
_ 
 
17SWoodrough 
 
% mi. W. of Su!phurStntion 
 
32.00 
73.00 58.00 5.50 
 
5.30 53.00 200.00 3.20;1 
 
151.20 120.80 046.00 
 
86.00 152.60 505.00 
 
032.GG 122.70 
 
4.02, 
 
608.00 138.~ 15.90 
 
762.40 181:40 16.961 
 
700.43 125.87 
 
8.00 
 
933.60 95.40 44.40 
 
100.00 0.0 
 
24.00 
 
4.40 3.60 179.50 
 
485.15 95.792,687.581 
 
137.00 77.90 11.601 
 
641.60 93.38 3,759.19 
 
44..06001 
 
22.60 58.00 
 
2.80 9.20 
 
136.70 388.00 630.80 
 
7.50 42.90 
 
2.00 
 
171.70 148.00 54.00 
 
75.00 105.90 95.40 
 
61.00 11.00 
 
6770..9400111 
 
105.70 11.50 
 
136.00 129.00 25.30 
 
4.70 8.00 107.00 
 
7.50 47.00 
 
2.00; 
 
.30 3.00 
 
2.20 
 
4.50 16.60 345.20 94.50 84.30 91.30 
 
1 3 
 
2 2 
 
. . 
 
0 5 
 
0011 
 
70.0011 
 
380.00 154.00 27.00 
 
725.00 44.00 75.501 
 
4.10 117.00 78.40 
 
5.90 38.50 
 
3.00 
 
24.50 8.20 5.90 11.27 7.57 3.00 
5.00 2.80 16.00 76.94 
.92 77.47 
.60 8.00 25.40 
.80 
1.20 4.80 5.70 6.30 1. 70 4.80 1. 00 
.60 1.20 
.40 .60 2.40 2.40 2.70 1. 00 
 
163.40 123.60 412.00 424.80 482.40 408.25 
636.90 27.00 2'.1:.00 276.21 13.30 667.05 1.70 4.20 96.90 
2.00 
170.00 38.80 37.20 27.50 
111.40 22.00 1. 30 .30 4.20 
290. 50 33.20 
296.80 244.00 
86.90 .50 
 
15.301 11.50 63.30 80.28 
1 
93.68, 60.00 
56.30 7.30 
1 
6.60 44.43 
6.001 89.201 
.80 3.80 46.70 1.20 
83.30 7.90 8.20 
10.00 14.70 25.00, 
1. 50, .50 
10.001 11. 00 1 25.60 
6.70 100.00 61..4200,1 
 
2.50 .40 
 
1.50 .50 
 
2,286.70 1,332.40 
 
7770..3900t 
 
.22 2.91 1,193.36 73.31 
 
1.00 3.00 1,258.93 44.58 
 
1.00 3.40 1,520.96101.16 
 
l .60 .60 1,208.02 58.69 
 
.50 1.00 1,808.39 26.00 
 
37.001 4.30 3.26.40 
 
_ 
 
1.50t 
 
462.30 2.50 
 
.40 .64 6,037.93 70.101 
 
40.50 49.50 348.52 51.361 
 
18.401t 
 
9,033.36 93.38 
 
.80 1.60 25.40 21.70 
 
7.00, 81..00001 
 
6.50 1. 00 
 
1, 57624..5100124280..6000t 
 
1.50 25.60 42.90 
 
2.00 1.00 
 
2.20 .04 
 
373303..450418083..0300t 
 
1.50 1.00 354.52 22.20 
 
1.10 1.00 145.06 43.80 
 
1.00 30.00 
2.00 
 
1.00 4.80 1.10 
 
379.00 384.30 
 
88.00:I: 
 
w 
 
21.70 46.50 
 
1.00 1.40 14.90 2.10 
 
1.10 1.60 66.50 15.00 
 
221...;50200011 2.60 
 
1.00 804.30 25.00:1: 2.20 291.40 51.40:1: 
.70 799.50110.00 5.00 1,375.60 28,00 
 
.80 .40 505.80 40,OOt 
 
1. 
 
.70 20,50 38,50 
 
g~ 
c ~ ~ 
to< 
'" 
t:J 
'<I 
~ 
e~ 
~ 
 
t Alumina and iron comblced. 
 
in :t Other constituents will be found complotc analysis in text. 
 
 CHALYBEATE 
 
27[Ad'liB Minprul , ; _____ Do"!o,"", Huberahum Co __ 9.301 
 
"r-----" 32Burtow______________ 1 rm, E. of Emerson_______ 7.80 
 
37 Booth WeIL __________ 3 mi. S. of Aq,'Yle__________ 7.70 
 
46 
 
______________Ncar Hlggaton Station. ____ 10.00 
 
521ICCahlahloyubneate ~Magnesia) Chalybeate Springs', _______ 41.70: 
 
52 Chalybeate (Chnlyb'te) Chalybeate Springs ________ 21.00 54Cherokec_______M_M ___ 2 mi. E. of Ringgold _______ 19.30 50CohuttILM ____________ L. & N. R. R., N. part of 
 
Murray Co_ M___________ 15.00 
 
65 'ndy:MineraL________ On Mill Cr., N. E. part of 
 
Heard CO___________ M__ 10.50 
 
71 Franklin_____________ 9 mi. S. E. of Carnesville ___ 34.40 
 
72Frooman___________ M_ 2 mi. from Granger Statica , 20.60 
 
'rM-~~. ~" ru: ."-- o.oo 881 72681- 0lenolm~ nicnpot~ nEo_lnl_a_M~___~_M_~____~__M__~____~___~__M__~_______ 
 
4 mi. W. of Tallulnh Falls __ 1Nemair. EO. o_ f Co~ hutt~a~Sp~r~i~n~g~a~, 
U mi. N. E. of Athens ____ 
 
7.00 12.75 29.00 
 
OOHooten_M_____________ 1 mi. S. of Hnmilton _______ 13.00 
 
05 Inman Park MlnernL __Inman Park, Atlanta______ 7.20 06Jnmes_______________ M8 mi. S. W. of Rotston _____ 32.00 
 
108 Martin MineraLM _____ 2 mi. S. W. of Da ton ______ 28.50 
 
110Munroe_______ M______ 5 mi. N. W. of Putnam_____ 4.40 
 
131 Ponce 133Porter 
 
de Lccn; , ______ _______________ 
 
8N.mEim. i.. 
 
City of Atlanta __ of Dahlonogu., ____ 
 
s31s03...o12o00 
 
130Rigbt-of-Wny_________ 400 yds. N. of Tallulah Falls 8.10 144 Simmons Mineral, ____ 1U mi. N. W. of Jasper ____ 21.70 153 Tate MineraL ________ 5 mi. S. W. of Jasper_______ 0.50 150Trentham _____ ~ ______ 4 mi. W. of Fairburn_______ 37.00 103 Wabena ______________ East Athens ____________ M_ 12.60 
 
17 White Path Chalybeate Ncar White Pnth Station ___ 32.60 17 rWilkerson ____________ U mi. N. E. of Tiger Mtn. __ 13.20 170 Young Mineral.L; _____ Near Tallulah Falls_____~__ 4.00 
 
10.00 3.50 10.00 2.80 5.20 5.00 3.00 4.90 
7.00 
6.65 6.12 7.00 5.30 4.70 6.30 7.10 6,00 5.50 3.20 5.10 12.00 5.20 6.30 5.10 2.80 5.20 8.60 4.90 5.70 4.90 3.50 5.30 
 
12.301 06.001 truce 40.40 
1.20 104.00 trace 26.00 
7.40 105.00 7.00 95.10 8.10 64.90 16.60 123.80 
 
6.53 28.00 
 
1.45 45.57 8,24 77.80 
210'.790~ 13021..0000 
 
.40 52.00 
 
6.12 24.40 
 
6.70 50.00 4.2 71.20 
 
'6 8.00 36.60 
 
17.02 63.20 
 
10..6000j336720.4..90000 3.50 
 
3.22 34.72 4.25 41.80 
 
5.80 126.60 
 
11118...500000111 
 
449783.,.546000 100.00 
 
lk:~~1 :g:~~ 
 
1.50, 07.80 
 
i,OO! 1.00: 
4.801 1.20 6.20 .40 2.60 trace 12.40 2.70 13.70 2.60 4.20 2.40 5.60 3.40 
 
17.001 2.40 1.20 
1.00 21.70 28.80 18.70' 61.20 
 
5.00 2.90 
,90 .20 10.00 13.50 10.60 3.60 
 
3,00 
1.20 
.50 trace 
1.70 .90 .80 
1.20 
 
45.00 
16.90 13.00 43.70 4,00 6,00 4.80 15.20 
 
148.70 21.6( 
 
50.10 44.40 
 
s26e..0sCc 
 
85.80 1.0< 
 
136.30 72.0C 
 
157.30 51.00 
 
99.40 40.40'I 
 
186.22 67.73 
 
7.09 2.05 5.81 3.20 1.25 10.44 69.25 14.51 
 
9.40 3.47 3.65 trace 8.50 .25 52.97 34.65 
 
14.84 3.52 4.30 3.75 .40 12.00 103.94 65.751 
 
8.30 4.00 4.24 5.08 6.70 
 
,40 
.60 1.26 1.55 1.10 
 
43.80 4.10 ,70 
4.50 10.60 
 
15.20 2.00 1.10 2.61 4.601 
 
1.00 1.80 
,10 1.45 2.00 
 
3.80 11.00 5.20 9.66 12.00 
 
162.40 57.50 46.90 18.00 30.27 47.37 58.34 13.85 96.00 25.60 
 
; 
 
5.60 5.40 9.04 8.66 7.60 
 
1.10 ,20 
1.00 4.00 3.10 
 
3.60 1.20 6.00 21.40 3.50 
 
1.50 21..22021 12.61 2.00 
 
,70 
.20 1.60 1.00 
.90 
 
7.30 6.60 14.00 10.30 10.00 
 
42.70 32.06 
 
2674..01103'I 
 
90.40 21.8C 
 
139.84 31.DC 
 
50.10 50.5e 
 
G.: 
l:'< 
 
13.00i 4.70 7.82 4.10 11641...46900O11ir 151..96001 22,.7207L1 
 
3.10 3.45 1.39 
.20 6.20 1.70 
.,,68503011 2.75 4.701 
 
12.10 7.00 3.10 2.60 
16.00 22.60 
30.75 8.70 15.00 3.00 13.00 
 
7.70 4.00 1.70 1.20 3.10 9.60 7.25 
.80 3.80 
.47 2.60 
 
2.10 ,80 .30 ,70 
3.50 2.40 
,6' ,80 .40 .47 2.60 
 
9.80 5.00 9.00 9.10 5.20 4.60 0.00 32.00 4.00 7.33 22.80 
 
126.00 55.30 77.98 35.07 54.35 23.33 40.35 34.50 
103.30 102.00 89.30 17.70 
, 168.75 58,4g'I 
91.60 73.5e 
14022..8576 2370.'U~~i'I 
85.40, 38.8e 
 
I>- 
~ 
l:'< 
~ f;J 
 
NEUTRAL 
 
%Bel!SieTiftCOl!ege lor~yth----------;_------~ 10.00 
 
30Blue __;_-----;------~-Om!.S. W.ofHnl:J?-llton 
 
14.80 
 
30BlueHJdgeMtneraL 111J1. E -.of Blue Rldge 
 
13.00 
 
43BrenauCol1egeMwM 
 
Gainesville 
 
~ 4.70 
 
48Cuscade 
 
~WW_M_6 mi. S. W. of Atlnnta 
 
25.50 
 
48ClUlcnde 
 
6 mi. S. W.of Atlantn 
 
20.00 
 
53-Chnppell M 
 
55CliffRoek~ 
 
~ 
 
r,S!COld.. 
 
2 rm. N. E. of Colum 8mi.N.ofAtianta 
 
bus- 
 
M_ 
 
4.90 20.00 
 
N"'BUlloohvitl, 
 
10,10,1 
 
4.00 4.80 3.00 3.50 5.10 74..0200,1 7.10 4.76: 
 
1.00/19:00 
 
,LOO 72.60 
 
2.80 30.QO 
 
.701 12.00 
 
5.60 58.80 
 
3.70 44.00 
 
1. 1. 
 
200011 
 
31.00 15.00 
 
truce I 57,001 
 
5.. 2011 
~.03 
20.,700011 9.501 4.20 44..040011 9.541 
 
.3~ 
2.?8, 1.00 
.60 
1.6~4.001 
3.00 1.1 3.50 
 
1.80I 
8.6311 2.51 4..9800,1 71..3500i 11..0100,1 
 
1..06001 4311.,,.240000~11 
,30 11..3000,11 
 
l'~4.62t 
LOOt .50 .80 .70 
 
.30 .70 1.60 
 
.9 1.00 
 
.40 1.00 
 
.10 1.40 
 
32.501 10.80 59.17 02.04 34.20 25.70 15.60 11.00 65.83 49.90 70.70 36.00 24.00 28.20 
40.10 ------ 
36.21 50.00 
 
... 
 
t Alumina and iron combined. 
 
:r: Other constituents will be found in complete analysis in text. 
 
0o0x 
 
 .... 
 
NEUTRAL-Continued. 
 
00 
'" 
 
J 
.S NAME OF BPRING 
! 
 
LOCATION 
 
~ . 
 
~ 
W 
 
0'> 
~8 
 
s 
 
,=0 ':g .... 
~,.S.<o:..:t.:l.~0@'", 
 
.0e<1S~ O:a8 
 
:s.]6~' 
rO o O~ 
 
'j=.~~~8 
OO~ 
'" 
 
~~ ~8 
 
'~8 
O~ 
~:l 
:l~ 
 
0", 
 
'" '~ 
.. ~$ 
 
'OE<:]l~~ 
00~ 
 
l~.. ];g .00';:1 '" 
~Sl ~;aS 
 
61 Defore 61 Demorest 61 Demorest 75Gaskin 84Harbour__ 88 High Rock 
 
18:381 jNear Dry Brench, '. 
 __In Town of Demorest 
 
~ __ _ 
 
101 
 
In Town of Demorest _ 
 
1A:g81 1U mi. N. of Douglas _ 
5U mi. N. of Rome ~ __ 
 
5.60, 
 
Southeast Atlanta 
 
_ 
 
100Kelley 
 
101 Keystone (Reinhart) 104 McCranie WeIL 
 
121 New Hope 1230maha 
 
125Parker 
 
._. 
 
128 Pine Mountain 
 
130 Polar Rock Mineral 
 
.2 mi. S. W. of Cummings 8 mi. W. of Dublin __~_~ Town of Sparks 1 mi. N. E. of Villa Rica 2 mi. S. of Avera ~ mi. W. of Lovett 
3 mi. S. E. of West Point ~ mi.S. of Atlanta 
 
_ 8.00 
 
_ _ _ _ _ 
_ 
 
1,90 6.00 17.liO1 . 5.20 14.00; 11.00 
 
_ 24.40 
 
134 Post MineraL 140Satterfield 142Sea.rcy 
 
152 ampa 
 
~ 
 
164 aeo Mineral No. L 
 
Holly SJ?~ngs------------2~ mi. N. E. of Cartersville l~ mi. E. of Griffin  __ 
mi. N. W. of Atlanta _ 
 
__ M mi. S. W. of Waco 
 
_ 
 
4.601 4.20 11.00, 15.451 11.00 
 
116654 aedcoe Mineral No. 2 1Mmmi.i.SS. .EW. o.foCf oWmaeclola 
 
169 ite Elk 
 
6 mi. E. of Macon 
 
_~ _ 
 
9.00 7.401 4.80 
 
172White Path Magnesia_ Near White Path Station __ 10.82 
 
172 White Path Sp'g-House Near White Path Station__ 9.10, 
 
117752WWihlditeRPoaseth, 
 
Mtn. 
 
Side, ~ 
 
3 N~ eamr Wi. hEi.teofPEaathstmSatantion___ 
 
157..0400,1 
 
U81 146..06001 
 
52.001 17.01 
 
4.60 
~j81 
5.20 
U813.501 
 
7.00 trace 
1.40 1 .60, 
trace 'trace trace 
 
ig:88j 
33.50, 4165..70001 28.30 42.00 
 
12.20 4.00 
 
1.301 36.001 1.00, 26.20, 
 
4.40; 
~j81 
 
2.001 tr3a.c6e1 
 
7.50, 12.00 30.00 
 
3.50 2.90 7.30 
 
2.00 2.00 36.50 
 
4.001 
 
4.30 
 
33.30 1 
 
53..60001 
 
11.00, 7.00 
 
80.40 18.00; 
 
3.00 3.10 
1 
3.30 
 
5.00 1.20 
 
~8:~i 
 
.60 11.30 
 
3.50 1.25 28.12 
 
2.10 3.80 6.70 
 
5.20 
 
.80, 9.60 
 
3.50' 
 
.20 26.00 
 
:I: Other constituents will be found in complete analysis in text. 
 
14.001 3.7' 
 
3.20 1.10 
 
4.70 2.40 
 
U82.701 1..30001 ' .80 
 
2.50 .60 
 
2.80 1.00 
 
3.00j trace 
 
8.70 3.40 
 
2.50, 
U8 
 
..1401 .60 
 
' 
 
3.10 .80 
 
3.10 .60 
 
1.20 .65 
 
4.601 .70 
 
6.89 2.04 
 
6.50 .50; 
 
3.50j .50 
 
2040, .60 
 
1.801 32..2601 
 
.40 .10 .80 
 
~:~g 
 
1.20 .60 
 
5. 2. 
 
7800i 
 
3.401 
 
.00 
 
6.00 
 
2.80 1 
2.20 
 
2.80, 
 
7:.5880'1 2.10 2.20 9.50 1.20 
.55 2.20 7.00, 
72.001 1.60 1,301 31..22001 3.50,j 1.SO: 
 
2.501 1.30, 
 
22..4801 
 
2.00 2.00 
 
1.30 trace i 
 
2.00 .40, 
 
3.00 .40 
 
3.30 1,00j 
 
.70 .10 
 
.20 .50 
 
4.80 1.20 
 
.80, .40 
 
1.40, .30 
 
2.10, 9.301 
.71 . 501 111..,.9566500111 
 
1..0s00 
1.00 .55 .10 .30 .40 
1.00 
 
trace 3.00 
 
.80 .20 
 
2.44 .38 
 
1 1 
 
. . 
 
1 8 
 
00i1 
 
1.10 1.00 
 
.90 .30 
 
32..0800j 2.30, 
1:~1 
.30 1.00 
.30 1.00 
.60 .80 .30 2.80 0 1.40 .05 .40 2.60 8.60 .70 1.50 .60 2.56 .40 .20 .60 
 
65.60 43.20 32.90 11.60 41.60 14.00 16.60 12.00 38.60 25.40 29.90 41.20 26.50 9.90 15.90 26.20 6144..5400 41.o_ot 16.10 25.20 29.50 5.50 33.50 6.30 56.80 14.50 19.70 5.00 11.32 34.70 29.20 31.50 56.61 75.44 46.60 6.00 38.60 13.10 21030 18.80 15.60 9.60 32.28 19.66 21.70 5.00 39.80 4.00 16.80 23.50 
 
gJ 
g 
o 
iB 
~ 
ce 
~ ~ 
'<I 
~ 
~ 
~ 
 
". 
 
,,~._._,.___ 
 
. . ,~._.,._. __ ""-_c 
 
,_~_.....c.. 
 
".':""_.'~_""'~~.- 
 
-"_u.~_._. _,, 
 
 INDEX 
 
Page A 
 
Abbeville, mineral spring near 
 
132 
 
Abbevllle mineral spring 
 
132 
 
Adams mineral spring 
 
27-28 
 
Albany artesian well ............. 28.29 
 
Alkaline-saline waters 
 
17 
 
Alkaline springs .................. 1'1 
 
Aluminum sulphate .............. 23-24 
 
Americus, mineral spring near 
 
106 
 
"Anti-Nausea" spring 
 
29 
 
Argon spring 
 
29-30 
 
Argyle, mineral spring near........ 37 
 
Arsenic 
 
25-26 
 
Artesian Lithia well 
 
30-31 
 
Athens. mineral sprlIig in 
 
163 
 
Mineral spring near............ 86 
 
Atlanta. mineral springs near, 
 
48. 55, 88, 181. 152. 161 
 
Austell. mineral springs near 30. 118, 147 
 
Mineral well near 
 
109 
 
Avera, mineral spring near 
 
124 
 
B 
 
Bagwell well 
 
31.32 
 
Berae, mineral springs at.......... 9 
 
Baldwin County. mineral spring in. 112 
 
Ball Ground. mineral spring near. . . 86 
 
Bartow County. mineral springs in. 
 
32, 137, 140 
 
Bartow spring ................... 32-33 
 
Baths. hot air and vapor........... 10 
 
Bath, town of, laid out............ 11 
 
Beall spring 
 
33-34 
 
Benscof Lithia water 
 
109 
 
Berkeley springs 
 
".......... 10 
 
Berner. mineral well near.........177 
 
Berrien County, mineral well in ... 104 
 
Bessie Tift College spring....... 34.35 
 
Bibb County. mineral springs in, 
 
42, 129. 169. 171 
 
Blue Ridge mineral spring........ 36-37 
 
Blue Ridge. mineral springs neee.ae, 81 
 
Blue spring ...................... 35-36 
 
Boliver. Station, mineral spring near 98 
 
Booth well ..................... 3';.38 
 
Booz well ..................... 38-39 
 
Bowdon Lithia springs.......11.3942 
 
Bowman mineral spring ......... 42-43 
 
Brenau College spring 
 
43-44 
 
Bromine ....................... 25 
 
Brooks mineral springs ........... 44-45 
 
Broyles mineral well 
 
45.411 
 
Brunswick, mineral spring near 150 
 
Burralo Lithia s:pring......... 5051 
 
Buffalo Creek. mtnerar springs near 44 
 
BullochvilIe, mineral springs,near.58,70 
 
Burke County. mineral spring in... 59 
 
Butts County. mineral spring in... 94 
 
C 
 
Calcium carbonate 
 
19-20 
 
Calcium chloride 
 
,.. 22 
 
Calcium. sulphate ................. 23 
 
Calhoun sprtng . 
 
4.6,-47 
 
Page 
 
Callirrhoe, baths of................ 9 
 
Campbell County, mineral spring in 159 
 
Cannon spring .. ;................. 63 
 
Cannon, mineral spring near....... 68 
 
Carticana, baths at................. 9 
 
Car onates 
 
HJ-2l 
 
rrlJ~ :.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.~~:~r 
 
Magnesium 
 
20 
 
Potassium 
 
20 
 
Sodium .... ......... 20 
 
Carbon dioxide ................ 24 
 
carnesville, mineral spring near... 71 
 
Carroll County, mineral spring in .. 121 
 
Carters mineral sprIng 
 
47.48 
 
Carter's Quarter, mineral spring in 47 
 
Cartersville, mineral spring near 137,140 
 
Catlett Gap, mineral springs in .... 113 
 
Catoosa County. mineral aprfnga In. 
 
Mineral well in 
 
~~'..4.~,..5.4. ~~ 
 
Catoosa springs 
 
11, 49-51 
 
Cascade springs 
 
48.49 
 
Cave SprIng station. mineral springs 
 
at ..' 
 
~ 
 
51, 91 
 
Cave spring ................... 51-52 
 
Cedartown, mineral well in........ 38 
 
Chalybeate springs .... 18. 52-53, 172-173 
 
Chalybeate Springs station. mineral 
 
springs near 
 
5.2. 125 
 
Chappell spring 
 
53-54 
 
Chattahoochee County. mineral 
 
springs in 
 
148-178 
 
Chattooga County. mineral spring in 107 
 
cherokee. County. mineral springs 
 
in 
 
86, 134 
 
Cherokee mineral spring 
 
134 
 
Cherokee spring 
 
54-55 
 
Chickamauga Park. mineral well 
 
near 
 
.......... 31 
 
Chlorides 
 
21-22 
 
Calcium ...... '.,.' 
 
.. 22 
 
Iron 
 
'.' 22 
 
Lithium 
 
'......... 
 
22 
 
Magnesium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . 22 
 
Potassium  . .. . . . . . . . .. .. . . . . . 22 
 
Sodium 
 
21-22 . 
 
Clarke County. mineral springs in 86. 163 
 
Cliff Rock spring 
 
5556 
 
Clinch County, mineral spring in... 3'1 
 
Cobb County, mineral springs in,' 
 
30. 103, 109. 118. 135-136 
 
Coffee County. mineral spring in... 75 
 
Coffee spring ................... 5051 
 
Cohutta Mountain. mineral spring 
 
near 
 
47 
 
Cohutta springs 
 
56-57 
 
Cohutta Springs station. mineral 
 
springs near 
 
82 
 
Cold springs 
 
14,18. 5S_59 
 
Columbus. mineral springs near. 
 
5354. 93. 99, 148 
 
Comella, mineral spring, near 
 
165 
 
Cosmetic spring 
 
5051 
 
Coweta Coullty. mineral sprmgs tn. 154 
 
 188 
 
INDEX 
 
Page 
 
Cox mineral sprIng 
 
59-60 
 
Crook, Dr. James K., cited......... 26 
 
Quoted 
 
14-15, 17-18.25 
 
CummIng, mineral spring near  100 
 
D 
 
Dade County, mineral sprIng in .. 160 
 
Mineral wells in 116117.126 
 
Dahlonega. mineral spring near.... 183 
 
Dalton, mineral springs neerves, 79, 108 
 
Daniel mineral sprIng .......... 60-61 
 
Danielsville, mlneralsprlng near . 105 
 
Davisboro, mineral spring near..... 88 
 
Dawson County. mineral sprIng In. 83 
 
Dawsonvllle, mtnerat spring near,, 83 
 
Definition of mineral waters .... _... 11 
 
Defore sprIng .................... 61 
 
Demorest, mineral springs in.. 27,61-62 
 
Demorest sprIngs .............. 61-62 
 
Description of individual springs.27.180 
 
Dixon sulphur spring............... 63 
 
Dodge County. mineral springs in 97, 175 
 
Dougherty County. artesian well in. 2'8 
 
Douglas County, mineral springs in. 
 
39, 41. 75 
 
Dry Branch. mineral spring near... 61 
 
DUblin. mineral spring near 
 
101 
 
Duckett spring 
 
64 
 
Dugdcwn, mineral spring near..... 64 
 
Duggan .T. R . cited................ 26 
 
Duke spring 
 
6465 
 
Duluth. mineral apt-Ing' near 
 
162 
 
Durand. mineral spring near 
 
; 111 
 
E 
 
Eady mineral spring.............. 65-66 
 
Eastman, mineral spring near 
 
175 
 
Edwards estate, mtnerei spring on. 169 
 
Egyptians, mineral waters used by. 9 
 
Elbert County. mineral spring in .. 151 
 
Elberton. mineral spring near ..... 151 
 
ElectricLithia well ............. ,66-67 
 
Ellijay. mineral sprIngs near 
 
172 
 
Emanuel County, mtneral spring in. 149 
 
Emerson. mIneral spring near...... 32 
 
Epsom salts ................... 23 
 
Epsom spring .................. 5051 
 
Everett spring .................. 6768 
 
F 
 
Fairburn, mineral spring near..... 159 
 
Fairmount, mineral springs near.ea, 158 
 
Fannin County. mineral springs in. . 
 
36.81 
 
Ferrous carbonate ...... 2021 
 
Fleming sprin~ .............. 68-69 Flint River, rrnnerat springs on ... 114 
 
Flovilla, mtneral spring near...... 95 
 
Floyd County, mineral springs in, 
 
51,67,69,84,91 
 
Mineral well in ............ 92 
 
Floyd springs .................. 6970 
 
Forsyth County, mineraI springs in. 
 
34. 100 
 
Fort Valley mineral spring near.121-122 
 
Fowler spring .................... 70-71 
 
Franklin County, minerai springs in, 
 
68,71 
 
Franklin spring 
 
71-72 
 
Freeman spring ............... ,72-73 
 
"Freestone Lithia" sp,ring.......... 62 
 
"Freestone Magnesia' spring...... 62 
 
Fuller sulphur spring 
 
73-74 
 
Fulton County, mineral sprIngs in. 
 
48. 55. 88, ~5, 130; 131, 132, 152; 161 
 
Page G 
 
Gainesville, mineral springs near. 
 
43, 80, 146,173 
 
Galpin, Dr. S. L.. temperature of 
 
Warm springs taken by...... 13 
 
Garnet spring ..................7475 
 
Gases ...................... 24-25 
 
Gaskin spring .................... 75-76 
 
Geographical distribution of mineral 
 
springs ,....................... 26 
 
Georgia mrnerer spring .........76-77 
 
Gibson deep well 
 
77.78 
 
GUmer County. mineral springs in. 172 
 
Glascock County, mineral well in.. 77 
 
Glauber salts .. .... . . . . . .. . . . . . 23 
 
Glenn Ella spring...............7879 
 
Glover mineral spring.............. 36 
 
Glynn County, mineral spring in 150 
 
Mineral well in 
 
. 
 
155 
 
Gordon County, mineral springs in. 
 
47, 72. 73, 98, 141, 158 
 
MIneral well in ............... 141 
 
Gordon spring .............. 79-80 
 
Gower spring 
 
8081 
 
Granger Station, mineral spring 
 
near .......... 
 
72 
 
Grassy Mountain. mineral spring 
 
near .............. 
 
57 
 
Grayson, mineral well near......... 14 5 
 
Greene Green, 
 
.TCoohunn tMy ., 
 
mineral mineral 
 
spring In. 60 spring... 81-82 
 
Griffin. mineral spring near....... 142 
 
Gwlnnett County, mineral spring in 162 
 
Mineral well in ............... 145 
 
H 
 
Habersham County. mineral springs 
 
in ....... 27. 61. 78. 166, 179 
 
Hall County, mineral springs in, 
 
43, 46, 80, 173 
 
Hamilton. mineral springs near.. 35,90 
 
Mineral well in................ 85 
 
Hampton sprlng ............... 8283 
 
Haralson County. mineral springs 
 
tn- .. 164 
 
Haralson. mineral spring near. 154 
 
Harben spring ............. 83'84 
 
Harbour spring ...........8485 
 
Hardy well .............. ,... 85 
 
Harris County, mineral springs in, 
 
35, 911, 128 
 
Mineral well in................. 85 
 
Hawkins mineral spring........  86 
 
Heard County, mineral spring in.. 65 
 
Helena, mineral spring near....... 97 
 
Hellcoo spring ........... , ...8687 
 
Henderson mineral spring........ 87-88 
 
Higgston Station, mineral spring 
 
near ..................... 46 
 
High Rock spring 
 
10. 88-89 
 
"HUlman Electric Rock"........... 29 
 
Hillman;" mineral springs near.... 29,66 
 
Hitchcock spring .:..... 8990 
 
Holly Bluff .................... 169 
 
Holly Springs, mineral springs near 184 
 
Holton, mineral spring near....... 42 
 
Hooten spring , ................... 90-91 
 
Horn Mountain, mineral well at 
 
base of ............ 141 
 
Horeshoe spring .... ~ ........... 91-92 
 
Hoschton. mineral spring near .... 156 
 
Houston County, mineral springs 
 
in .......................121122 
 
Hughes mineral well ............. 9293 
 
Hydrogen sulphide 
 
2425 
 
 INDEX 
 
189 
 
Page I 
DIges spring ...............9394 Indian -sprIngs  _ 11, 94_95 Indians. waters used by.......10,11 Inditferent waters ............... 18 Individual springs, descrIptions ,of 27180 Inman Park mineral spring..... 95-96 Iodine    .. 25 Iron chloride .. 22 Iron spring  111-112 Iron sulphate ................. ',. 24 
 
J 
 
Jackson County. mineral spring In, 156 
 
James mineral spring 
 
_ 
 
96-97 
 
Jasper, mineral springs near 144,153 
 
Jay Bird spring................ 97-98 Jefferson County. mineral spring in. 123 
 
Johnson spring ....... 98-99 
 
Jordon, river of.................... 9 
 
Josephus. reference to. ............ 9 
 
K Kavanaugh spring Kelley spring Keystone spring 
 
99-100 100-101 100102 
 
L 
 
Lafayette... mineral spring near ... 113 
 
Lakewooa, mineral springs near, 
 
130,144 
 
Laurens County, mineral springs m, 
 
101, 126 
 
Lifsey spring 
 
13, 102103 
 
Lithia springs, mineral springs near, 
 
39-40,41 
 
Lithium carbonate ................ 21 
 
Lithium chloride 
 
22 
 
Little River, mineral spring on 
 
bank of 
 
120 
 
Lookout Mountain. minerai spring 
 
near ........................ 126 
 
Lookout Valley. mineral well In 116 
 
Lauch well 
 
103.104 
 
Lovett. mineral spring near....... 125 
 
Lumpkin County, mineral spring in 133 
 
M 
 
McCranie well 
 
104105 
 
McCrea. spring improved by........ 66 
 
McDuffie County, mineral' spring in. 139 
 
McRae. mineral spring near....... 143 
 
Macon. mineral springs near. 
 
114,116,169 
 
Mineral wells near 
 
129,171 
 
Madison County, mineral springs in, 
 
96, 105 
 
Madison spring ................106106 
 
Magnesia spring 
 
17.22,63,173 
 
Magnesium carbonate .. :.......... 20 
 
Magnesium chloride . ".............. 22 
 
Magnesium sulphate .............. 23 
 
Magnolia spring ..............106-107 
 
Majors mineral spri.ng..........107108 
 
l Marion countY mineral spring in  U9 
 
Martin mlnera spring 
 
~108-109 
 
Maxeys Station. mineral sprIng near 168 
 
Medicinal effect .of .mineral waters.aa-ae 
 
Medicinal value of mineral waters.H16 
 
"Medicine Spring of the Great Spirit" 10 
 
Medlock well ..............109110 
 
Menlo mineral spring............ 10'7 
 
Menlo, mineral springs near...... 107 
 
Meriwether County, mineral springs 
 
in 
 
62,58,70,110; 124, 166 
 
Meriwether white sulphur .springs. . 
 
1101"12 
 
Page 
 
Mill Creek, mineral spring on,..... 65 
 
Mllledgeville, mineral spring near 112 
 
Miller's .mtnerat spring........112-118 
 
Mineral springs of Georgia, history 
 
of ......................... 911 
 
MIneral springs summer resort..113-1B 
 
Mineral waters, action of........ 15~16 
 
CiassIfication of ............1618 
 
Constituents of ...........19-26 
 
Definition of ............. ;.... 11 
 
Geographical distribution of.... 26 
 
MedicInal effect of; ..........19-26 
 
Medicinal value of 
 
B16 
 
OrIgin of ...................1113 
 
Miona mIneral springs 
 
114-116 
 
Monroe County, mineral springs In, 
 
34,116,177 
 
Montgomery County, mineral spring 
 
.fn . . 46 
 
MontpeUer spring ................. 116 
 
Moorman, J. J., cited............... 26 
 
Morgan mineral well 
 
116117 
 
Morganville, mineral well near 
 
.116 
 
Mozley spring ................... '118 
 
Munroe spring 
 
119 
 
Murray County, mineral springs in, 
 
6667,82 
 
Murrow mineral spring 
 
~ . . . 120 
 
Muscogee County, mineral springs 
 
in ................... 63, 93, 99 
 
Myrtle spring 
 
63 
 
N 
 
Naples, mineral springs near........ 9 
 
Neutral waters ............. 18 
 
0'.... New Hope spring................... 121 
 
Non-thermal springs 
 
18 
 
Norwood sulphur .spring 
 
121.122 
 
o 
 
Oakman, mineral spring near....... 47 Oak Mountain spring..........122-128 Oglethorpe County, mineral spring in 168 Oglethorpe, mineral springs near.. 114 011& mineral spring................ 136 "Old Salt" well................. 109 "Old Spring".~..................... 41 Omaha spring ..................123-124 Origin of mineral waters ..... '" .1113 Other minerals ................... 2626 
 
P 
 
Palmer spring .................124-126 
 
Parker spring ................125126 
 
Peale, Dr. A. C., quoted............ 16 
 
Phoenix Iron & Coal Company's 
 
spring ................... 126 
 
Phoenix spring 
 
'........... 126~127 
 
PIckens County, mineral springs in, 
 
144,163 
 
PIgeon Creek, mineral spring near.. 124 
 
Pigeon Mountain Iron Company's 
 
well 
 
.'...... 1,27-128 
 
Pigeon Mountain, mineral spring on 127 
 
Pike CountY,mineral spring in... 102 
 
Pine Mountain, mineral springs at 
 
bas~ of .... 3!), 62. 5S, 111. 157,166 
 
Pine Mountain spring.... :; . ;'..128129 
 
Pinhook Cr.eek; mlneral's'pring near 158 
 
Plainville, . mineral epr-lng; ncar..... 69 
 
Point Andrew mtnerat- weu,s 129180 
 
Polar Rock mineral s,pring 
 
130131 
 
Polk County, mineral spri,ngs in ..~64, 89 
 
Mineral well in ...:. ... . . . . .. . . . 88 
 
Ponce de Leon apr-lng' :;  131-132 
 
Poor Robin spring 
 
132 
 
 190 
 
INDEX. 
 
Page 
 
Porter spring 
 
_...... 133.134 
 
Post mIneral spring............ 134-135 
 
Potassium carbonate 
 
.20 
 
Potassium chloride ............... 22 
 
lPotassium sulphate . 23 
 
'Powder springs' -.... 185-136 
 
'Powder Springs Station, mineral 
 
. springs near ~ 
 
_ 135 
 
Putnam, mineral spring near..... 119 
 
,;""._ R Rabun County,\;.i;D~neni\ sprIngs in, 
 
.' 
 
136,176 
 
Rainfall, effect ,of"on springs . 11-12 
 
Red Sulphur spring - . 111.112 
 
Reeves. mine~a:J.;?sprlng near....... 67 
 
R!'linhart mineral spring........... 101 
 
RIght-oC.Way spring 
 
136-137 
 
Ringgold, mineral springs near, 
 
49, 50, 54, 76 
 
Mineral well in................. 45 
 
Rising Fawn, mineral spring near. 126 
 
Romans. baths' established by...... 9 
 
Rome. 'mineral spring near......... 84 
 
Mineral well near............... 92 
 
Rowland spring 
 
137-188 
 
Royston,. mineraI springs near 71,96 
 
Rnsseau sprIng ................... 139 
 
S 
 
. 
 
Saint Winnifred's spring.......... 169 
 
SaUne waters .................... 18 Sandersville, mineral springs near 44. 87 
 
-Satterfleld spring ................ 140 
 
Scheme of classification............ 17 
 
Explanation of 
 
17.18 
 
Scott mineral welt.'............. 141.1'42 
 
Searcy spring .................... 142 
 
Shamrock spring .................. 143 
 
"Salt Spring" ..................... 39 Shell Bluff, mineral spring near.... 59 
 
Silica ............... .............. 25 
 
Siloam spring ..................... 144 
 
Simmons mineral spring 
 
144.145 
 
Smith. John C., cited............... 10 
 
Quoted 
 
10 
 
Smith well 
 
145_146 
 
Sodium carbonate 
 
20 
 
Sodium chloride Sodium sulphate 
 
21-22 23 
 
Solid and gaseous constituents of 
 
mineral waters 
 
19-26 
 
Spalding County. mineral spring in 142 
 
Sparks, mineral well in ............ 104 
 
"Spa Spring, the"................... 95 
 
Spencer spring 
 
.- 
 
148-14'7 
 
Springdale Farm, mineral spring on 119 
 
Spring house eprfng: ... 172-173 
 
Stephens County. mineral spring in 74 
 
Stillmore. mineral spring near 
 
149 
 
Sugar Valley, mineral wen in 
 
141 
 
Sulphates 
 
22.24 
 
Aluminum Calcium 
 
23.24 
 
; 
 
- 23 
 
Iron 
 
24 
 
Magnesium -; 
 
; 
 
,.!... . 28 
 
g~r~:u~. :::::::.:::::::::::::: ~g 
 
SulphoMagnesia artestan well 147-148 
 
Sulphuretted hydrogen 
 
24-25 
 
Sulphur springs '.. . .53. 148-149, ISO, 151 
 
. Sulphur Spring Station, mineral 
 
spring' near.: 
 
:-;: 
 
178 
 
Sumter ..Co'Qn~y. min~alspriri(rin .. 106 
 
Sweetwater 'Creek, 'mineral springs, 
 
near 
 
,.. ; 
 
Swift Lithia spring;'.", .. ; 
 
30.118 151-152 
 
T Talbot County, mineral spring in.. 122 
 
Page 
 
Taliaferro County. mineral spring . 
 
. dn 
 
29.66 
 
Tallulah FaIis. mineral springs near, 
 
Tampa spring 
 
. 78,136,179 ~' ; .. 152-153 
 
Tate mineral spring............153.154 
 
Taylor spring 
 
154-155 
 
'Taylorsville. .mlnera! spring near... 89 
 
Telfair County mineral springs In. 143 
 
Thalman artesian well. 
 
155.156 
 
Thalman, mineral well at ,. ..... 155 
 
Thermal'. springa.,.; 
 
.'.'..... 13.14 
 
Causes' of ... ;~................ 13 
 
Temperature of 
 
;;. :..... 13 
 
Thomson, mineral spring near..... 139 
 
Thompson spring .............. 156 Thundering spring ............J.57-158 
 
Temperatnre of .... .... . . . . . . . 13 
 
Thunder Station. mineral spring 
 
near ......................... 157 
 
Tift County. mineral spri-ng In ..... 120 TJfton~,mineral spring near....... 120 
 
'.riger Mountain, mineral spring near 176 
 
Tobe Tate spring...... Toccoa. mineral spring 
 
n.e .a.r.......1. .5.8 . 1 5n9 
 
Toomsboro. mineral spring near.... 63 
 
Trentham spring ...............159-160 
 
Trenton, mineral spring near 
 
160 
 
Trenton sulphur spring 
 
160.161 
 
TwIggs County, mineral springs in. 61 
 
U Union Point. mineral spring near,. 60 United States fish hatchery........ 58 Upson County, mineral spring in ... 157 .Utoy Rock spring.............161-162 
 
V 
 
Verner spring 
 
162 
 
Villa Rica. mineral spring near 121 
 
W 
 
Wabena spring 
 
163 
 
Waco mineral springs : 
 
164165 
 
Waco, mineral springs near 
 
164 
 
Wade spring 
 
165-166 
 
Walker County, mineral springs in. 
 
113,127 
 
Walton. Geo. E., cited 
 
10.15.26 
 
warm Springs 
 
11.13.14,166167 
 
Warren County. mtnerar springs in. 33 
 
Warrenton, mineral springs near... 33 
 
Washington County, mineral springs 
 
in 
 
44.87 
 
wasbrngton; mineral spring near 167 
 
Washington sulphur spring 
 
16i-168 
 
Watson mineraI spring 
 
168-169 
 
Waynesboro, mineral spring near.. 59 
 
West Point, mineral spring near... 128 
 
White. George, cited................ 174 
 
White Elk Spring - 
 
169.170 
 
White Oak, mineral spring near 122 
 
W'hite Oak mineral weIls........... 171 
 
White Oak Mountain, mineral spring 
 
at base of 
 
;.... 54 
 
White Path mineral springs 172173 
 
White Sulphur s,prings ..111-112. 173l'i5 
 
Whitfield County. mineral springs in. 
 
- . ',' 64,79.108 Wilcox County, mineral spring -In . 132 
 
Wild Rose' spring" '.. " 
 
.- ','" :175-176 
 
Wilkerson -spring ....'.'........... '176 Wilkes County, mineral spring -In .. 161 
 
Wilkinson County, 'mtneraf spring in 63 
 
Willis .wen  .-;'........ ; ~", .:, .lJi,:178 
 
Woodrough spring' ., 
 
':. ;178179 
 
y 
 
, 
 
Young, mineral sprlng:~';':\ 
 
179180 
 
Z 
 
zebuton, mineral spring near 
 
102