GEORGIA JOBS FOR THE FUTURE 
Industries and 
<kcupa tions 
1960 - 1967 - 1975 
 
Sam Caldwell Commissioner 
 
Georgia Department of Labor Employment Security Agency 
Walter 0. Brooks Director 
Employment Security Agency 
 
  TABLE OF CONTENTS 
Acknowledgements Introduction Highlights Population and Labor Force Industry Employment Trends Occupational Employment Trends Manpower Requirements Changing Trends in Occupational Demand Methodology Appendix 
 
Page 1 2 
5 9 14 
32 
39 42 47 48 
 
II 
 
  GUIDE TO TABLES 
 
Table 1. Total Population and Labor Force Participation Rates for the 
 
Population 14 Years Old and Over, United States and Georgia, 
 
1960, 1965, 1967 and Projected 1975 
 
12 
 
Table 2. Projected Change in the Population and Components of Change 
 
from 1965 to 1975, United States and Georgia 
 
13 
 
Table 3. Georgia's Population in 1970, as Projected and Actual Census 
 
Count, by Selected Age Groups 
 
13 
 
Table 4. Total Employment and Annual Growth Rates for Goods- 
 
Producing and Service-Producing Industries in Georgia, 1960, 
 
1967 and Projected 1975 
 
20 
 
Table 5. Percent Distribution of Total Employment in the United States 
 
and Georgia by Major Industry, 1960 and Projected 1975 
 
22 
 
Table 6. Total Employment in the United States and Georgia, by Major 
 
Industry, 1960 and Projected 1975, with Annual Growth Rates, 
 
1960-1975 
 
23 
 
Table 7. Total Employment in Georgia, by Major Industry, 1960, 1967 
 
and ProjectF.d 1975, with Annual Growth Rates, 1960-196":" 
 
and 1967-1975 
 
25 
 
Table 8. Percent Distribution of Employment by Broad Occupational 
 
Categories in Georgia and in the United States, 1960 and 1965 
 
32 
 
Table 9. Total Employment by Occupational Group in Georgia, 1960, 
 
1_967 and Projections to 1975, with Percentage Change from 
 
1960-1975 and 1967-1975 
 
37 
 
Table 10. Demand for Expansion and Replacement by Occupational 
 
Group in Georgia for the Period 1967-1975 
 
38 
 
Table 11. Total Demand and Percent Distribution by Broad Occupation in 
 
Georgia for the Period 1967-1975 
 
41 
 
Table 12. Estimated Average Annual New Job Entrants Experienced from 
 
1960-1967 and Projected Required from 1967-1975 by Broad 
 
Occupational Categories and Selected Subgroups in Georgia 
 
46 
 
III 
 
  GUIDE TO CHARTS 
 
Chart 1. Population Trends, 1890-1970 and Projected 1975 
 
Chart 2. 
 
Employment in Ge.orgia, Total and in Goods-Producing and Service-Producing Industries, 1960, 1967 and Projected 1975 , 
 
Chart 3. Major Industry Divisions as a Percent of Total Employment in Georgia, 1960, 1967 and Projected 1975 
 
Chart 4. Employment in Major Occupational Groups in Georgia, 1960, 1967, and Projections to 1975 
 
Chart 5, Total Demand For Expansion and Replacement by Major Occupational Group 1967-1975 Period 
 
Page 10 
18 27 31 40 
 
IV 
 
  GUIDE TO APPENDIX TABLES 
 
Table 1. 
 
Georgia Civilian Work Force Estimates, with Employment of Nonagricultural Wage and Salary Workers (except Domestics) by Major Industry, All Other Nonagricultural Employment and Agricultural Employment, 1960-1970 
 
Page 
49 
 
Table 2. Total Employment in Georgia, by Major Industry Group, 1960, 
 
1967 and Projected 197 5, with Annual Growth Rates , 1960-1967 
 
and 1967-1975 
 
51 
 
Table 3. Total Employment in Georgia by Occupation , 1960, 1967 and 
 
Projections to 1975 
 
56 
 
Table 4. Expansion and Replacement Needs by Occupation in Georgia 
 
from 1967-19 7 5 
 
60 
 
Table 5. Estimated Average Annual New Job Entrants B::perienced from 
1960-1967 and Projected Required from 1967-1975, by Occupation in Georgia 64 
 
v 
 
  GUIDE TO APPENDIX CHARTS 
Chart 1. Employment Trends in Georgia by Selected Major Industries, 1940-1970 and Projected 1975 
 
Page 48 
 
VI 
 
  ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This study was prepared by members of the staff of Manpower Resources, Manpower Services Division, Employment Security Agency, Georgia Department of Labor, under the general supervision of MariaM. Mallet, Chief, Manpower Resources. Julian B. Brock, Manpower Specialist, served as project manager and prepared the sections on "Population and Labor Force" and "Industry Employment Trends". Margaret A. Hadley, Manpower Specialist, prepared the section on "Occupational Employment Trends", "Manpower Requirements", 
~ 
"Changing Trends in Occupational Demands", and "Methodology". This work would not have been possible without the cooperation and dilligent efforts of many others in the Employment Security Agency. 
Many persons in the U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics and Manpower Administration, contributed materially to the report. We particularly want to acknowledge the technical assistance and support rendered by John Allmaier of the United States Training and Employment Service (USTES) national office and by Richard Dempsey of the national BLS office. Acknowledgements also are due to Vladimir D. Chavrid, Harold Kuptzin, and Irving F. 0. Wingeard, USTES. 
The Industry Matrix technique drew on the work of the U. S. Bureau of Labor Statistics' Tomorrow's Manpower Needs and the Manpower Administration's draft Handbook for Projecting Employment by Occupation for States and Major Areas. The narrative section on "Industry Employment Trends" drew heavily on pages 16-20 of BLS Bulletin No . 1673, The U, S , Economy in 1980. 
-1- 
 
 INTRODUCTION 
The Georgia Department of Labor and its Employment Security Agency have long recognized the need for projections to determine Georgia's manpower requirements. Projections of employment by industry and occupation are needed by many groups and governmental agencies: Trey are needed for the career guidance of young people and for the use of educators responsible for planning programs of vocational guidance or training. Employers need them so they can plan on-the-job, apprenticeship, and other training programs in line with labor requirements. Workers need them so they can plan to secure education and training which will give the fullest possible development to their potential skills. Government, at all levels, needs them so operations and programs can be planned. Community groups need them so they can identify problems, stimulate action, and give support to the efforts of government, industry, and labor to achieve a state of readiness to meet the challenges that we now face. 
One of the first attempts the Georgia Department of Labor, Employment Security Agency, made to provide needed occup<rtional data was a study published in 1958 of the skilled workers in manufacturing in Atlanta - the largest area in Georgia.l/ In October 1961 we published a report of a study that was performed under contract with the Georgia Institute of Technology's School of Industrial Management. This report11 presented an analysis of employment trends in Georgia from 1947 to 1960, with projections of employment by industry and of population and income to 1965 and 1970. In 1962 we contracted with the Georgia Tech School of Industrial Management to do a study on Georgia's current use, future demand and 
supply prospects for technical, skilled and clerical workers. 2/ In July 1968 we published a 
report of a study we made on employment in March 1968 in water pollution control occupations 
with projections to 1970 and 1973. ..Y 
In 1968 the Congress amended the Federal Vocational Educational Act to direct the U.S. Department of Labor to provide information needed by vocational educators for planning curricula and developing construction plans for training facilities. The requirements of this Act increased the responsibility of State Employment Securi.ty Agencies under the Manpower Development and Training Act of 1962 to provide and utilize occupational manpower data. As a result of Congress' directive, the U.S. Department of Labor's Bureau of Labor Statistics 
prepared and published Tomorrow's Manpower Needs 5./ to provide techniques for the prepara- 
tion of projections. A companion volume, Handbook for Projecting Employment by Occupation for States and Major Areas QJ was developed by the Manpower Administration of the U.S. Department of Labor. 
Although the methods given in both the BLS and MA publications listed above yield estimates of future employment, by occupation, for states, and areas, the computational work involved in obtaining these estimates is time-consuming. Therefore, in January 1970 the Manpower Administration announced it would make available to State Employment Security Agencies without cost its computer services to aid them in the application of these techniques. 
-2- 
 
 We began working on the Georgia projections in the summer of 1970 as time permitted. The first step was to develop annual average estimates of employment of wage and salary workers in a very large number of industries, beginning with the year 1958 and continuing through 1969. When this series was completed, the data were run through the computer in Washington for projection to 1975. In December 1970, John Allmaier of the national USTES office and Richard Dempsey of the national BLS office met with personnel from participating states of the Southeastern Region at the Regional Office of the Manpower Administration in Atlanta to discuss and help solve problems we had encountered in our projection research. 
In early 197 1 we reviewed the industry projections which had been derived by computer. The review was based on the latest available data, including revisions in the 1969 and 1970 nonfarm wage and salary worker employment series. After we had finalized the wage and salary employment projections, we distributed government employment to various industries and added estimates of self-employed and unpaid family workers to derive "total" employment estimates for each industry. The total employment estimates for 1960, 1967, and 1975, along with 1960 Census of Population occupational employment data, were then sent to Washington where they were processed by computer to produce occupational data for Georgia by use of the national BLS industry - occupational matrix. The final results were prepared in the Georgia Employment Security Agency in accordance with the methods set forth in the MA Handbook. 
The manpower forecasts in the Georgia study have been made within the framework of 
the assumptions underlying the national manpower projections to 1980; 11 They are as follows: 
1. The international climate will improve. The United States will no longer be fighting a war, but, on the other hand, a still guarded relationship between the major powers will permit no major reductions in armaments. This would still permit some reduction from the peak levels of defense expenditures during the Vietnam conflict. 
2. Armed Forces strength will drop back to about the same level that prevailed in the pre-Vietnam escalation period. 
3. The institutional framework of the American economy will not change radically. 4. Economic, social, technological, and scientific trends will continue, including values 
placed on work, education, income, and leisure. 5. Fiscal and monetary policies will achieve a satisfactory balance between low unem- 
ployment rates and relative price stability without reducing the long-term economic growth rate. 6. All levels of government will join efforts t~ meet a wide variety of domestic requirements, but Congress will channel more funds to state and local governments. 7. Efforts to solve the problems posed by air and water pollution and solid waste disposal, although they may preempt an increasing amount of the Nation's productive resources, will not lead to a significant dampening of our longrun potential rate of growth. 8 . Fertility rates will be lower than they have been in the recent past. 
-3- 
 
 We plan to conduct industry and occupational employment projection studies on the State's standard metropolitan statistical areas, beginning with the Atlanta area. We also plan to periodically review and adjust the projections for the State and for the SMSA's. In addition, we plan to submit each year to Vocational Education officials an "Annual Report on State and Area Occupational Requirements for Vocational Education". These should make significant contributions to Georgia's economy. 
l/ _Atlanta Skilled Workers in Manufacturing, published by the Georgia Department of Labor, 
Employment Security Agency, Atlanta, Georgia, in 1958. 
l/ Fulmer, John L., Georgia Employment Trends, 1947-1960, 1965, 1970, prepared in coopera- 
tion with the Georgia Department of Labor, Employment Security Agency, Atlanta, Georgia, under contract with the School of Industrial Management, Georgia Institute of Technology. Published in 1961. 
_2/ Fulmer, John L., and Green, Robert E., Analysis of Georgia's T_echnical, Skilled and 
~Jeri cal Labor Requirements and Training Needs, 1962 to 1967. Prepared in cooperation with the Georgia Department of Labor, Employment Security Agency, Atlanta, Georgia, under contract with the School of Industrial Management, Georgia Institute of Technology. Published in 1963. 
1/ G~9Igia Manpower Needs in Water Pollution. Control Occupations, published by the Georgia 
Department of Labor, Employment Security Agency, Atlanta, Georgia, in 1968. 
_'2/ ':f9morrow's Manpower Needs, U.S. Department of Labor Bureau of Labor Statistics, Bulletin 
1606, Vols.l-IV. Washington: Government Printing Office, 1969. 
_6) Handbook for Projecting Employment by Occupation for States and Major Areas, draft 
publication of U.S. Department of Labor, Manpower Administration, U.S. Training and Employment Service, Office of Technical Support, Washington, D. C., 20210, April 1, 1970. ]/ The U.S. Economy in 1980, U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, Bulletin 1673, Washington: Government Printing Office, 1970. 
-4- 
 
 HIGHLIGHTS 
POPULATION AND LABOR FORCE Georgia added an average of 64,646 persons to its population each year during the 
'60's to reach a total of 4,589,575 in April 1970, according to data contained in the advance report of the 1970 Census. Most of this gain was in the working age population. The number of persons 14 years old and over increased by 62,301 a year to climb to 3,311,204. The lowest of four projection series published by the Census Bureau indicates a total population for Georgia in 1975 of 4,928,000. The projection for persons 14 years old and over in this series is 3,642,000. If these projections are realized, the yearly growth between 1970 and 1975 would be 67,685 for the total population and 66,159 for persons 14 years old and over. 
Employment grew at a faster rate than the population during the '60's. As a result, the long-term flow of outmigration was reversed and the labor force participation rate for Georgians 14 years old and over increased. The labor force participation rate is expected to rise fractionally in the early '70's and is projected at 58.6 percent of persons 14 years old and older in 1975. 
INDUSTRY EMPLOYMENT TRENDS Total employment increased by 46,700 jobs a year for an annual growth rate of 3.1 
percent from 1960 to 1967. The net gain of 326,900 jobs during the seven-year period boosted employment to an average of 1,707,400 in 1967. Employment will continue to grow to 1975 but at a slower rate. Employment is expected to add 44,600 jobs a year from 1967 to 1975 for an annual growth rate of 2.4 percent. This would put the 1975 total at 2,064,300. 
All major industry divisions added workers between 1960 and 1967 except agriculture, forestry and fisheries which continued a long downtrend and lost 36,200 workers. Annual growth rates ranged from a low of 2.3 percent for mining -the smallest major division -to 5.1 percent for public administration ._ Because of the decline in agriculture, forestry and fisheries and greater growth rates in most service-producing industries than in mining, construction and manufacturing, the proportion of all employed workers who were employed in goods-produci industries dropped from 41.6 percent in 1960 to 38.5 percent in 1967. The trend will continue, and by 1975 only 35 of every 100 workers will be employed in goods-producing industries, while 65 will be employed in services. 
Factories employed 25.5 percent of Georgia's workers in 1960 with 8 .0 percent of all workers employed in durable goods industries and 17.5 percent in nondurable goods. Manufacturing employment increased by 96,900 from 1960 to 1967 with substantial changes taking place in the industry mix . Lumber and wood products was the only major industry group to register a decline in this period. Annual increases during the 1960-1967 span in the durable 
-5 - 
 
 goods industries ranged from 200 a year for furniture and fixtures to 1,300 a year for fabricated metal products, including ordnance, and 2,800 a year for transportation equipment (aircraft, automobiles, railroad cars, mobile homes , ship and boat building and repair). Increases in nondurable goods industries ranged from only 100 a year in leather and leather products to 1,800 in textile mill products and 2,900 in apparel. 
 
Manufacturing employment is expected to show a net growth of 60,500 from 1967 to 
 
1975 when 509,300 will be on factory jobs. The annual growth will be 7,500 jobs, or 1.6 
 
percent a year, compared to the faster growth of 13,900 jobs and 3.5 percent during the 1960- 
 
1967 period. Transportation equipment, which had provided so much of the growth in the early 
 
'60's, is expected to decline because of completion of defense related contracts in the aircraft 
 
industry. Textile employment's gain from 1967 to 1975 will be slight. By 1975 factory employ- 
 
ment's share of all employment will have dropped to 24.7 percent. Durable goods industries' 
 
share, however, will ha ve risen to 8.6 percent of all employment. The proportion in nondurable 
 
goods industries will have declined to 16.1 percent of all employment. 
 
. 
 
1 
 
Agriculture, forestry and fishery employmmt will continue to decline from 1967 to 1975 but at a slower rate than in the earlier period. Mining will have the slowest growth of any expanding industry. The fastest growth rate will be in finance, in s urance and real estate; services; and construction. 
 
OCCUPATIONAL EMPLOYMENT TRENDS Indus try changes during the 1970' s will have a strong influence on occupations-which 
ones will grow and which will contract. Each industry in the economy requires a specific mix of occupations. As industries react to changes in final demand and in relation to each other, the relative importance of particular occupations also changes . 
 
Beyond the effect of interindustry relationships, industry occupational structures are also affected by internal changes within indus tries. Just as technological ad vance s that increase worker productivity have significantly affected employment and output, these advances significantly affected the occupational structure of the work forc e . As a result of technological innovations, new occupations have emerged; others have expanded, contracted, or even disappeared ; and the content and skill requirement s of a gre at many occupations have been altered. But technology and final demand are not the only factors affecting occupational shifts. Changes can occur as a result of revised work rules, new directions in governmental policy , and severe shortages that force sub s titutions in the kinds of workers hired. 
 
Several long-term occupational trends a re e xpect ed to continu e: 
 
White-collar occupations, the fastest growing oc c upa ti ona l gruup u ve r the past 30 years, will continue in that mode. This group , which surp a s s ed emp loyment in blue-collar occupations 
-6 - 
 
 in 1960, will account for almost half of all employed workers (45.7 percent) by 1975. Employment in these occupations will rise from 719,750 in 1967 to 944,190 in 1975 . 
Blue-collar occupations, a slow-growing occupational group will account for slightly more than one~third (36.9 percent) of e'mployment in 1975 , down from 38.9 percent in 1967. Employment, however, will rise from 663,840 to 760 ,610 in 1975. Many occupations within the group, particularly in the skilled craft and foreman category, require years of specialized training. 
Farm occupations will continue to decline- from 5.1 percent of employment in 1967 to 2.9 percent in 1975 -as machines take over many more of the production processes on the farm. Employment will shrink from 87,000 to 59,360. 
Service occupations will continue to expand to 1975, increasing by more than one-fourth . Employment will rise to 300,140, up from 236 ,810 in 1967 . 
MANPOWER REQUIREMENTS For every 100 new jobs created by industrial expansion 120 jobs will require replace- 
ment of workers because of deaths and retirements. This means that from 1967 to 1975 there will be 786,570 jobs to be filled. The occupational categories by volume of needs arc listed tn descending order: 
Clerical and Kindred Workers Service Workers Professional, Technical and Kindred Workers Operatives and Kindred Workers Craftsmen, Foremen and Kindred Workers Managers, Officials and Proprietors Sales Workers Laborers, excluding Farm and Mine 
Farmers and farm workers comprise the only major category with some replacement needs but with a negative figure for expansion because of the declining trend in agricultural employment. 
MANPOWER RESOURCES From 1960 to 1967. an average of 90, -150 workers were supplied annually for expansion 
and replacement needs. Projected needs indicate that for the period 196--1975 some 10-1,3"'0 new entrants to jobs will he required annually . 
The need during the 196'-19-S period will he moderately to suhstantiaJ!y gre ;ttcr than from 1960 to 196- for professional. technilal and kindred workers; managers, officials and propnctors; sales workers ; and senice workers. 
-7 - 
 
 The need for clerical and kindred workers and operatives and kindred workers will be up slightly from the 1960-1967 period . 
Not as many craftsmen, foremen and kindred; labOrers; and farmers and farm workers will be needed in the 1967-1975 period as were required in the 1960-1967 period. 
-8 - 
 
 POPULATION AND LABOR FORCE 
Population projections are based on assumed birth, death and migration rates. In October 1967, the U.S . Bureau of the Census released four alternative series of projections for the states from 1965 to 1970, 1975 and 1985. These series, identified as 1-B, ll-B, 1-D, and li-D, were included in Current Population Reports , Series P-25, No. 375, " Revised Projections of the Population of States, 1970 to 1985 " . 
In the identification of the four series the letters " B" and "D" refer to the fertility assumptions employed and correspond to the national fertility designations given in Series P-25, No. 359. The designations "I" and " II" refer to interstate migration assumptions us ed , with Series I representing a continuation of the migration rates within the range observed in 1955-60 and 1960-65, whereas Series II assumes a change in the rate s of that period toward national levels. Under both assumptions the rates are affected by estimated net migration for the 1960-65 period. 
By the time we had begun writing this section, we had received advance reports of the final 1970 Census counts. These counts showed that all of the four series were too high. Although the population of the U. S. went up by 23 ,861,597 during the 1960's, the growth rate was the second-lowest for any decade in the nation ' s history. Total U. S. population on April 1, 1970, excluding 1,580 ,998 federal civilian or military employees and their dependents living abroad, was 203,184,772. Georgia, which had ranked 16th among the states in population in 1960, gained 646,459 or 16.4 percent from 1960 to 4,589,575 in 1970. This moved Georgia up to 15th place among the states. 
Because the projections were higher than the actual count, we chose for this report the series which produces the lowest net change from 1965 to 1975. This is Series 1-D. In this series, the national projection for 1970 was 203,940,000. This was only 775,228 or 0.4 percent above the actual count of the population, excluding persons residing abroad. For Georgia this series produced a 1970 projection that was 89,425 or 2.0 percent too high. The reason for this over-estimate may be the unforeseen transfer of military persQnne l and  their dependents from the State's military bases and the out migration of workers who were laid off from aerospace and defense-related industries as the federal administration was attempting to wind down the Vietnam War and t.o curb inflation. 
Table 1 shows 1960 population counts, estimated population for 1965 and 1967, and the Series 1-D projections to 1975 for the United States and Georgia. Also shown are the projected growth rates for the 1965-75 period. The indicated growth over 1965 for Georgia is 53,700 persons per year or a compound rate of 1.2 percent per year. The number of persons 14 years old and over is projected to increase at a faster rate than the total population. The 1965-75 gain for this age group is projected at 59,800 or 1.8 percent per year. 
-9- 
 
 Chart 1 
POPULATION TRENDS 1890-1970 and PROJECTED 1975 
 
(IN THOUSANDS) 
5,000 
 
4,500 
 
4,000 
 
3,500 
 
3,000 2,500 2,000 
 
WHI E 
 
1,500 
 
1,000 
 
500 
 
0 
 
1890 1900 10 
 
20 
 
30 
 
40 
 
50 
 
60 
 
70 75 
 
Source: 
 
U . S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census. Data for 1890- 1960 are from 1960 U.S . Censu s of Population, PC(1) 12B, Table 15-197"0 data are from 1970 Census Advance Report PC(V2) -12 . Projection 1-D data of Current Population. 
Reports , Series P-25, No . 375, are used for 1975. 
 
 Special Labor Force Report No. 74, "Labor Force Projections by State, 1970 and 1980", was published by the U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, in 1966. Labor Force participation rates for the population 14 years old and over, including resident armed forces, based on the data in this publication, are shown in Table 1. The participation rates for 1975 show increases over past experience, with the national rate rising to 57.6 percent and Georgia's to 58.6 percent. However, the labor force projection for 1975 for Georgia, based on the assumptions that resident armed forces will be the same as in the 1960 Census and that unemployment will be at a rate of 4.0 percent, indicates that an even greater labor force participation will be necessary to meet manpower requirements in the future. The participation rate derived by this method was nearly 61 percent. The number of persons in Georgia in the prime labor force age group of 18 to 44 years was estimated at 1,584,000 in 1965. This was 52.0 percent of all persons 14 years old and over. Series 1-D projections indicated this group would continue to register steady increases through 1975 and would amount to 1,953;000 in that year. However, in view of the fact the projection for 1970 was 3.1 percent above the actual 1970 census count for persons 18 to 44 years old, the projection for 1975 possibly should be discounted . The age group 18-24, to which manpower resources are directed for higher education in technical schools and colleges increased very rapidly during the sixties but not as much as had been projected. The Series .1-D projection for the 18-24 group in Georgia in 1970 was 40,854 above the census count of 588,146. About 86 percent of the overestimate was in the projection for males and could have been due . to the drafting men for service in the Vietnam War or to the transfer of servicemen from Georgia's military bases. If a large number of draftees should return to the state between 1970 and 1975, the total of persons between 18 and 45 years old might reach the projected total for this group, even though this period will reflect reductions in birth rates. 
- 11 - 
 
 TABLE 1. TOTAL POPULATION AND LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION RATES FOR THE POPULATION 14 YEARS OLD AND OVER, UNITED STATES AND GEORGIA, 1960, 1965, 1967 AND PROJECTED 1975 (In thousands as of July 1, except as noted) 
 
April 1, 
1960 
(Census) 
 
POPULATION 
 
1965 
 
Estimates 
1967 
 
1975 
 
ANNUAL GROWTH RATES 
 
1960-1965 
 
1965-1975 
 
No. ot 
 
No. of 
 
Percent 
 
People 
 
Percent 
 
People 
 
United States: 
Total Population J.l 
Population 14 years old and over 
Labor force participation rate .1/ 
 
179,323 126,277 
55.3 
 
193,811 137,491 
56.2 
 
19 7,859 141,723 
56.6 
 
214,384 161,852 
57.6 
 
1.6 
 
2,897.6 
 
1.7 
 
2,242.8 
 
XXX 
 
XXX 
 
1.0 
 
2,057.3 
 
1.6 
 
2,436.1 
 
XXX 
 
XXX 
 
Georgia: 
 
Total Population 11 
 
Population 14 years old and over 
 
...... 
N 
 
Labor force participation rate .1/ 
 
3,943 2,688 
56.4 
 
4,391 
 
4,490 
 
4,928 
 
2.2 
 
3,044 
 
3,140 
 
3,642 
 
2.5 
 
57.6 
 
58.0 
 
58.6 
 
XXX 
 
89.6 71.2 
XXX 
 
1.2 1.8 
XXX 
 
53.7 59.8 
XXX 
 
11 U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, Current Population Reports, Series P-25. Population estimates for 1975 were from Series 1-D, 
the lowes t of the four projection series in Report No. 375, "Revised Projections of th~ Population of States: 1970 to 1985". Population data exclude armed forces overseas . 
 
..1/ U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, _?pecial Labor Force Report No. 74, "Labor Force Projections by State, 1970 and 1980". 
Participation rates for 1965, 1967, and 1975 are interpolated levels based on data in the above publication. These data include resident armed forces but exclude armed forces overseas. 
 
 TABLE 2. PROJECTED CHANGE IN THE POPULATION AND COMPONENTS OF CHANGE 
FROM 1965 TO 1975, UNITED STATES AND GEORGIA 1 / 
(Numbers in thousands) 
 
Net Change 
 
Number 
 
Percent 
 
9 6 5 TO 
Births 
 
197 5 
 
Components of Change 
 
Deaths 
 
Net Migration 
 
United States 
 
20,5 73 
 
10.6 
 
36 ,6 10 
 
19 ,826 
 
+ 3,789 
 
Georgia 
 
537 
 
12.2 
 
920 
 
399 
 
+ 16 
 
Perce nt of U. S. Total 
 
2.6 
 
xxxx 
 
2.5 
 
2.0 
 
0.4 
 
!/ Based o n data in the ID projection series published by the U. S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the 
Cens us, in Current Population Reports, Series P25, No. 375, " Revised Projections of the Population of States: 1970 to 1985". \let migration data in thi s table ha ve been adjusted downward slightly in order to make the components add to the net cha nge co mput ed fr o m estimates shown in Table l. 
 
TABLE 3. GEORGIA'S POPULATION IN 1970, AS PROJECTED AND ACTUAL CENSUS COUNT, BY SELECTED AGE GROUPS 
 
Age Group 
 
1970 Population 
 
I-D 
 
Actual 
 
Projection_l/ 
 
Count 
 
Amount Projection Exceeds Census 
 
Number 
 
Percent 
 
All Ages 
 
4,679,000 
 
4,589,575 
 
89,425 
 
2.0 
 
Under 14 years old 14 years old and over 
 
1,333,000 3,346,000 
 
1,278,371 3,311,204 
 
54,629 
 
4.3 
 
34,796 
 
1.1 
 
14 - 17 years old 18  44 years old 45  64 years old 65 and over 
 
371,000 1,763,000 
859,000 353,000 
 
366,996 1,709,775 
867 , 062 367,371 
 
4,004 
 
1.1 
 
53,225 
 
3.1 
 
8,062 
 
-0.9 
 
-14,37 1 
 
-3.9 
 
SOURCE: U. S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census. 
1/ Current Population Reports, Series P-25, No. 375, "Revised Projections of the Population of States: 
1970 to 1985". .':).!' 19 70 Ce nsus of Population Advance Report PC (V2)= 12, Georgia . 
 
- 13 - 
 
 INDUSTRY EMPLOYMENT TRENDS 
 
Georgia is a comparative late comer on the. industrial scene. Its industrial revolution probably should be dated from the beginning of the Civil War . That war forced the State to begin producing some of the manufactured goods it needed. It also ended legalized slavery and resulted in a migration of some of the population from farms to cities . 
 
The textile industry began moving to the south shortly after the Civil War in search of cheaper labor and in order to be nearer the cotton supply. Textiles soon became the dominant manufacturing industry. Other industries followed, but textiles has continued to be the leading factory employer . Each war subsequent to the Civil War has caused Georgia to become more diversified; however, the State remained basically agricultural until after World War II . 
 
First Post-World War II Decade, 1947 - 1957 
 
More than 160,000 workers left farm employment in Georgia during the first decade after World War II. Some of these found nonfarm work in Georgia; some moved to other states or wirhdrew from the job market. Changes in farming increased output substantially and at the same time required fewer workers. Rapid progress in technology and mechanization produced larger and more efficient farms. Farm and forest product diversification stepped up. 
 
Georgia ' s farmers had formerly been heavily dependent on cotton and a few other 
 
row crops for their main cash income. By 1957 livestock and livestock products produced 
 
. 
 
more income than all row crops. Cotton production, unusually low in 1957 due to soil bank participation, brought in less income than poultry and poultry products in that year. The 
 
..1 
 
A 
~ 
 
broiler industry, first developing in northeast Georgia in the mid-thirties, rapidly expanded 
 
and Georgia became the number one broiler producing state in 1951. Georgia also became 
 
j' 
 
the leading hog producing state in the southeast. A tremendous spurt in pulpwood production 
 
took place, causing Georgia to lead the entire South in the production of pulpwood . 
 
By 1957, the production of major field crops was concentrated in south Georgia where it is more profitable. Agriculture in that section is more diversified than the rest of the State. Production of huge quantities of tomato and other vegetable plants for shipment as far away as Canada became a major seasonal activity of southwest Georgia. Production of millions of pine seedlings each year at forestry nurseries had also become a big industry. 
 
Employment of nonagricultural wage and salary workers (e xcept domestics) had - 14 - 
 
 climbed to 759,400 in 1947, only 700 below the average for the peak World War II year of 1943 . After surpassing the World War II high in 1948, nonfarm wage and salary employment declined during the 1949 business recession but maintained an average that was above the 1943 high . 
The Korean War gave a new impetus to Georgia's nonfarm employment expansion. Except for an interruption in 1954 when cutbacks in defense-related industries resulted in a decline, nonfarm wage and salary employment continued upward to 1957 . The average number of such workers on jobs in 1957 at 997,400 represented a gain of 238,000 or 31.3 percent over 1947. 
The industry mtx changed considerably during the first decade after World War II. Nonmanufacturing industries, excluding private households, added 182,200 wage and salary workers for a gain of 37.7 percent. Nonmanufacturing as a percent of nonfarm wage and salary employment increased from 63.7 to 66.8. All major nonmanufacturing industry divisions increased in percent of the total except transportation, communication and public utilities , which declined from 9.5 to 7.4 percent as a result mainly of railroad losses, and services which held the same percentage at 10.9. The largest increase was in government which rose from 14.1 to 16.8 percent . 
Government gains were due to greater population, demand for more services, and expansions at defense establishments. One major new federal installation was constructed during the 'SO's, the U.S. Marine Corps Supply Center at Albany. The sprawling Robins Air Force 8ase -Warner Robbins Air Materiel Area in the Macon area and a number of other defense establishments underwent civilian employment increases because of the Korean War and the subsequent "cold war" situation. 
The number of wage and salary workers on manufacturing jobs rose substantially during the 1947 - 1957 period, but the gain was not as great as in nonmanufacturing. Factory jobs in 1957 average 331,300, up 55,800 or 20.3 percent from 1957. Manufacturing as a percent of total nonfarm wage and salary employment was down from 36.3 in 1947 to 33.2 in 1957 . 
Although the 1947 - 1957 manufacturing gain was not as spectacular as the nonmanufacturing increase, a better industry balance was achieved. Employment in durable goods industries had a net increase of 24,700 workers and dropped by only 0.1 percent to 10.8 percent of total nonfarm wage and salary employment. 
Most of the durables gain was in high wage industries. A World War II aircraft plant, said to be the largest aircraft plant under one roof in the world, was reopened in the Atlanta area. Substantial gains took place in automobile assembly plants and mobile 
- 15 - 
 
 home plants as well as at the aircraft plant to jump transportation equipment employment from 3,900 in 1947 to 30,600 in 1957. The only durable industry to record a loss ~as the comparatively low-wage lumber and wood products industry which declined 15,100 to an average of 31 ,4 00 in 1957. 
Nondurable goods industries added 31,100 between 1947 and 1957, but this group's share of nonfarm wage and salary employment dropped from 25 .4 to 22.4 percent. All industries gained except textiles and chemicals. Textile employment declined 5,100 , and its s hare of nonfarm wage and salary employment fell from 14.0 to 10.1 percent. It still remained the largest manufacturing employer, however : Chemical employment decreased by 1,100 and its s hare dropped 1.3 to 0.9. The los s was due partly to less demand for agricultural chemicals because of government crop control progra ms and other factors such as the purchase of farms by pulpwood companies. Substantial employment gains were made in food , apparel , paper and printing and publishing . Apr:- -d moved its percentage of nonfarm wage and salary employment up from 3.5 to 4.1 and paper rose from 1.0 to 1.7. Food ' s percentage decreased slightly , from 4.2 to 4.1. 
Recessions 
Employment in textiles, the leading manufacturing industry, began slipping in January 1956 when it dropped by 500 from the December 1955 level of 107 ,000. Textile employment continued downward until July 1958 when a low of 93,200 was reached . The important transportation equipment industry began descending in February 1957 and fell to 23 ,200 in April 1958, 9 ,500 under the January 1957 level. (A further sharp temporary dip in May 1958 to 15 ,200 was the result of a labor-management dispute.) 
Manufacturing employment provided more than one-third of Georgia's nonfarm wage and salary jobs in 1956. The effects of manufacturing declines -primarily in the two industries mentioned above- on total employment were great. Gains in trade , service, government and other types of johs did not offset the drop in manufacturing . As a result, total nonfarm wage and salary employment in 1958 was down to 989,100. This was 8,300 under the prevwus year. 
Factory employment did a turnabout in 1959 with a pickup in textile and transportation equipment activity. The increased demand for' textile mill products in 1959 came primarily from two sources: tire manufacturers and apparc l producers . 
The 1958- 1959 upturn in business activity in Georgia failed to last , however. Manufacturing employment in 1961 averaged 333,000, which was 7,800 under 1960 and 5,800 under 1959. Employment in the State ' s cotton textile mills a nd woolen and synthetic fiber production and fa brication plants dropped substantially . Tr 1ns portation equipment was down 
- 16 - 
 
 due to cutbacks in the work force at a major aircraft plant. Slackened demand for automobiles accounted for part of the loss. Employment in lumber and wood industries - mostly sawmills fell due to less demand for construction materials.. 
Expansion 
Employment on nonfarm wage and salary jobs, upon recovering from the 1960- 1961 recession, began a long expansion that saw the average for all industries climb to new highs each year. 
The national administration's policy in the early 1960's was to spur the economy. But after the economy began to move upward, large amounts of deficit spending were required to finance the Vietnam War in which we had gradually become more and more involved. This led to inflation and to dissatisfaction on the part of many of the nation's citizens . President Richard Nixon announced plans to fi3ht inflation and to wind down the Vietnam War. The policies of the national administration and of the Federal Reserve System designed to fight inflation resulted in a business recession that began in the latter part of 1969 and continued through 1970. 
Although the State's economy was slowing down in 1970, average employment on nonfarm wage and salary jobs reached an all-time high of 1,545,700. Manufacturing employment, however, which had increased annually beginning in 1962, declined 14,100 from 1969 to average 462,200 in 1970. 
Many new manufacturing plants were built and many existing plants expanded during the 1960's. Much of the gain of 143,300 in average manufacturing employment from the recession low of 333,000 in 1961 to the high of 476,300 in 1969 was in transportation equipment and textiles -the two industries that seem to be the bellwether industries of Georgia. Transportation equipment rose from a recession low of 20,300 in March 1961 to a peak of 60,000 in November 1969. Employment in transportation equipment declined 17,100 from November 1969 to March 1971. Most of the earlier gain and subsequent loss took place at a major aircraft plant as a result of government contracts. Textile employment had climbed from a low of 95,300 in May 1961 to 121,600 in February 1969. From that month to March 1971, a textile employment loss of 8,400 occurred. Textile manufacturers blamed cheap foreign imports, mainly from Japan, for much of the loss. 
- 17 - 
 
 Chart 2 
 
EMPLOYMENT IN GEORGIA TOTAL AND IN GOODS-PRODUCING AND SERVICE-PRODUCING INDUSTRIES 
1960, 1967, and PROJECTED 1975 
 
LEGEND 
 
- 
 
Total 
 
C J Goods-Producing Industries J::::::::::::J Service-Producing Industries 
 
EMPLOYMENT (IN THOUSANDS) 
 
0 
 
250 
 
500 
 
750 
 
1,000 
 
1,250 
 
1,500 
 
1,750 
 
2,000 2,250 
 
1960 
 
1967 1975 
 
EMPLOYMENT IN GOODS-PRODUCING AND SERVICE PRODUCING INDUSTRIES AS A PERCEN-T OF TOTAL EMPLOYMENT 
 
0 
 
10 
 
20 
 
30 
 
40 
 
.50 
 
60 
 
70 
 
1960 
 
l 
 
1967 
 
I 
 
1975 
 
I 
 
 Total Employment 1960 - 1967 - 1975 
The previous sections gave an historical discussion of employment trends. Much of the discussion was based on the oldest employment series developed by this Agency employment of nonagricultural wage and salary workers (except domestic servants in private households). Annual averages for the State for this worker category by major industry division are published by the U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, in Employment and Earnings, States and Areas. The series began in 1939. Data for major manufacturing industry groups were published beginning in 1947. Annual averages for the nonfarm wage and salary worker category, for the "all other nonagricultural" (self-employed, unpaid family and domestic) and agricultural worker categories are given in appendix Table 1 for the 1960-1970 period. 
For projection purposes, it has been necessary to break data down into finer estimating cells, to distribute government employment through various industries, and to combine employment of nonagricultural wage and salary workers, nonagricultural self-employed, unpaid family workers and domestics, and agricultural workers. This "total employment" concept was used so that the estimates would correspond as nearly as possible with industry employment definitions used in the 1960 Census of Population. Appendix Table 2 shows detailed industry breakdowns of total employment for 1960 and 1967 and projections to 1975. 
The most dramatic change in industry employment in recent years has been the employment shift towards service-producing industries. Data in the 1940 Census showed that only about 4 in every 10 workers were in service industries. By 1950, the weight had shifted to just under 5 in every 10 in service industries. Table 4 shows that by 1967, the proportion in service industries had grown to slightly over 6 in every 10. 
Employment in goods-producing industries slowed drastically between 1940 and 1950 and declined in 1960 because of sharp reductions in agriculture, forestry and fisheries that more than offset increases in manufacturing, construction and mining. Trends in the various goods-producing industries continued in the same direction between 1960 and 1967, but the group showed a gain of 83,800 jobs because the drop in agriculture, forestry and fisheries of 36,200 was less than the increase of 120,000 in nonagricultural goodsproducing indus tries. 
Employment projections to 1975 reflect additional changes expected in the industrial composition of the economy. The proportion in service industries is expected to rise to 6.5 in every 10- or 1,341,700. Employment in goods-producing industries also will rise between 1967 and 1975 but to a lesser extent than from 1960 to 1967. About 3.5 out of every 10 workers- or 722,600- will be employed in goods-producing industries in 1975. 
- 19 - 
 
 . , ...&!<.~ ~~ 
 
TABLE 4. TOTAL ALL EMPLOYMENT AND ANNUAL GROWTH RATES FOR GOODS-PRODUCING AND SERVICE-PRODUCING INDUSTRIES IN GEORGIA, 
1960, 1967 AND PROJECTED 1975 (Employment in thousands) 
 
Industry 
 
1960 
 
Annual Average Employment 1967 
 
1975 
 
Annual Growth Rates 1/ 
 
,__ 
 
1960 - 1967 
 
1967 - 1975 
 
No.of 
 
No. of 
 
Percent Jobs 
 
Percent Jobs 
 
All Industries 
 
1,380.5 
 
1, 707.4 
 
2,064.3 
 
3. 1 
 
46.7 
 
2.4 
 
44.6 
 
Goods - producing indusuies _!/ Percent of total 
 
573.8 41.6 
 
657.6 38.5 
 
722.6 35.0 
 
2.0 
 
12.0 
 
I 
 
Service- producing industries .1/ 
 
i 
 
806.7 
 
1,049.8 
 
1,341. 7 
 
3.8 
 
34.7 
 
Percent of total 
 
58.4 
 
61.5 
 
65.0 
 
~/ Includes agriculture, forestry and fisheries ; mining; construction; and manufacturing. 
 
N 
 
.1/ Includes transportation, cormtunication and public utilities ; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance and real estate; 
 
0 
 
services; and public administration. 
 
1.2 
 
8.1 
 
3.1 
 
36.5 
 
 Table 5 shows the relative importance of employment in the various major industries in 1960 and as projected to 1975. In most major industry divisions the. change is in the same direction for the State as for the Nation. There are notable exceptions, however. The percent of all employment that is in transportation, communication and public utilities and the proportion that is in wholesale and retail trade are expected to increase in Georgia but decline in the Nation. The proportion in mining will decline in the Nation but remain the same in Georgia. The percent of the total is expected to be larger in 1975 in Georgia than for the Nation for construction; manufacturing; transportation, communication and utilities; trade; and finance, insurance and real estate . Employment will be a smaller proportion of the total in 1975 for Georgia than the Nation in agriculture, forestry and fisheries; mining; services; and public administration. 
The kind and level of manpower requirements of the 1970's are intertwined with the nature of the industrial changes that seem likely to occur to 1975. General trends and growth factors that are expected to affect industry employment are described below for the major 
divisions. 1/ (See Table 6 for comparison of Georgia with the Nation for 1960 and 1975. 
Table 7 gives annual average employment for 1960, 1967 and 1975 and annual growth rates for the State.) 
JJ This section depends heavily on the explanation of reasons for projected national changes 
detailed in pages 16-20 of The U.S. Economy in 1980, Bulletin 1673 of the U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics. Where the wording in this bulletin fits conditions in Georgia, it has been incorporated unchanged into this report. 
- 21 - 
 
 TABLE 5. PERCENT DISTRIBUTION OF TOTAL EMPLOYMENT IN THE UNITED STATES AND GEORGIA BY MAJOR INDUSTRY, 1960 AND PROJECTED 1975 
 
Industry 
 
Percent Distribution 
 
United Stateu/ 
 
Georgi a 
 
1960 
 
1975 
 
1960 
 
1975 
 
All Industries 
 
100.0 
 
100.0 
 
100.0 
 
100.0 
 
Agriculture, Forestry & Fisheries .Y 
 
8.5 
 
3.8 
 
9.7 
 
3.4 
 
Mining 
 
1. 1 
 
0.7 
 
0.4 
 
0.4 
 
Construction 
 
6.2 
 
6.4 
 
6.0 
 
6.6 
 
Manufacturing 
 
26.1 
 
24.4 
 
25.5 
 
24.7 
 
Durable goods manufacturing 
 
14 .8 
 
14.5 
 
8.0 
 
8.6 
 
Lumber & wood products, excluding_ furniture 
 
1.0 
 
0.7 
 
2.4 
 
1.4 
 
Furniture & fixtures 
 
0.6 
 
0.7 
 
0.6 
 
0.6 
 
Stone, clay & glass products 
 
0.9 
 
0.8 
 
0.8 
 
0.9 
 
Primary metal industries 
Fabricated metal products 2./ 
 
1.9 
 
1.5 
 
2.1 
 
2.1 
 
0.3 
 
0.5 
 
0.6 
 
1.1 
 
Machinery, except electrical 
 
2.3 
 
2.6 
 
0.7 
 
0.8 
 
Electrical machinery, equipment, supplies 
 
2.2 
 
2.5 
 
0.3 
 
0.6 
 
Transportation equipment 
Other durable goods J./ 
 
2.6 
 
2.4 
 
1.2 
 
1.2 
 
1.9 
 
2.2 
 
0.4 
 
0.5 
 
Nondurable goods manufacturing 
 
11.3 
 
9.9 
 
17.5 
 
16.1 
 
Food & kindred products 
 
2.7 
 
2.0 
 
3.4 
 
2.8 
 
Textile mill products 
 
1.4 
 
1.1 
 
7.2 
 
5.5 
 
Apparel ;1 related products 
 
1.9 
 
1.8 
 
3.5 
 
3.9 
 
Paper & allied products 
 
0.9 
 
0.8 
 
1.3 
 
1.4 
 
Printing, publishing & a llied industries 
 
1.6 
 
1.4 
 
0.8 
 
0.9 
 
Chemicals & allied products 
 
1.3 
 
1.3 
 
0.8 
 
0.8 
 
Leather & leather products 
 
0.5 
 
0.4 
 
0.3 
 
0.2 
 
Other nondurable goods j_/ 
 
1.0 
 
1.1 
 
0.2 
 
0.6 
 
Transportation, Communication & Public Utilities 
 
6.8 
 
6.1 
 
6.3 
 
6.9 
 
Trade, Wholesale & Retai I 
 
20.1 
 
19.3 
 
19. 5 
 
20 .6 
 
Finance, Insurance & Real Estate 
 
4.3 
 
_4.6 
 
4.0 
 
4.7 
 
Services 
 
22.0 
 
28.9 
 
23.9 
 
27.4 
 
~ublic Administration 6/ 
 
4.9 
 
5.8 
 
4.7 
 
5.3 
 
..... 
 
l l Distribution for the United States is based on estimates published by the U.S. Department of Labor, 
 
1 
 
Bureau of Labor Statistics, in Supplement No. 2 to Tomorrow's Manpower Needs. 
 
,i 
 
?:.! Includes farm production and agricultural services, forestry and fisheries . 
 
l l Includes ordnance, except sighting and fire control equipment (SIC 19, except 194). 
 
.Y Include s professional scientific and controlling instruments (SIC 38 and 194) and miscellaneous 
 
manufacturing industries (SIC 39). 
 
2/ Includes tobacco (SIC 21), petroleum refining and related industries (SIC 29), and rubber and miscellaneous 
plastic product s (SIC 30). 
 
. I Includes public administration employment only. Government agencies engaged in educational and medical 
 
services and in activities commonly carried on also by private enterprises, such as construction, manufacturing, 
 
transportation, etc., are classified in their appropriate industry. 
 
- 22 - 
 
 TABLE 6. TOTAL EMPLOYMENT IN THE UNITED STATES AND GEORGIA, BY MAJOR INDUSTRY, 1960 AND PROJECTED 1975, WITH ANNUAL GROWTH RATES, 1960- 1975 (Employment in thousands) 
 
Industry 
 
All Industries 
 
Agriculture, Forestry & Fisheries 11 
 
Mining 
 
Construction 
 
Manufacturing 
 
Durable goods manufacturing 
 
Lumber & wood products, excluding furniture 
 
Furniture & fixtures 
 
Stone, clay & glass products 
 
N 
 
Primary metal industries 
 
v.> 
 
Fabricated metal products_l/ 
 
Machinery except electrical 
 
Electrical machinery, equipment & supplies 
 
Transportation equipment 
 
Other durable goods_A/ 
 
Nondurable goods manufacturing 
 
Food & kindred products 
 
I 
 
Textile mill products 
 
Apparel & related products 
 
Paper & allied products 
 
Printing, publishing & allied industries 
 
Chemicals & allied products 
 
Leather & leather products 
Other nondurable goods 2/ 
 
Continued 
 
Annual Average Employment 
 
United States l/ 
 
1960 
 
1975 
 
1960 
 
Geor9ia 1975 
 
65,778 
 
87,390 
 
1,380.5 
 
2,064.3 
 
5,591 720 
4,056 17,144 9,701 
684 393 611 1,224 1,356 1,491 1,458 1,676 808 7,443 1,803 914 1,232 593 1,036 829 360 676 
 
3,360 585 
5,600 21,330 12,665 
655 570 730 1,320 1,825 2,255 2,155 2,135 1,020 8,665 1,780 940 1,585 745 1,245 1,120 340 910 
 
133.6 5.7 
82.6 351.9 110.3 
32.9 8.2 
10.9 4.8 8.0 9.1 4.9 26.3 5.2 241.6 47.2 99.9 48.0 18.7 10.7 10.6 3.7 2.8 
 
69.4 7.4 
136.5 509.3 175.7 
28.0 11.7 18.1 10.9 22.4 16.7 12.8 44.6 10.5 333.6 58.0 114.3 80.8 28.5 17.5 16.9 4.4 13.2 
 
Annual Growth Rate (%) 1960 - 1975 
United States Georgia 
 
1.9 
 
2.7 
 
-3.3 
 
-4.3 
 
-1.4 
 
1.8 
 
2.2 
 
3.4 
 
1.5 
 
2.5 
 
loB 
 
3.2 
 
0.3 
 
-1.1 
 
2.5 
 
2.4 
 
1.2 
 
3. 4 
 
0.5 
 
5.6 
 
2.0 
 
71 
 
2.8 
 
4.1 
 
2.6 
 
6.6 
 
1.6 
 
3.6 
 
1.6 
 
4.8 
 
1.0 
 
2.2 
 
-0.1 
 
1.4 
 
0.2 
 
0.9 
 
1. 7 
 
3.5 
 
1.5 
 
 2.8 
 
1.2 
 
3.3 
 
2.0 
 
3.2 
 
-0.4 
 
1.2 
 
2.0 
 
10.9 
 
 TABLE 6. TOTAL EMPLOYMENT IN THE UNITED STATES AND GEORGIA, BY MAJOR INDUSTRY, 1960 AND PROJECTED 1975, WITH ANNUAL GROWTH RATES, 1960- 1975 - continued (Employment in thousands) 
 
Industry 
 
Annua I Average Employment 
 
United :)totes 1/ 
 
Georg io 
 
1960 
 
1975 
 
1960 
 
1975 
 
Annual Growth Rote (%) 1960- 1975 
United States Georgia 
 
Transportation, Communication & Public Utilities Trade, Wholesale & Retoi I Finance, Insurance & Real Estate Services Public Administration_/ 
 
4,508 13,210 2,832 14,508 3,209 
 
5,340 16,870 4,040 25,240 5,025 
 
87.4 269.8 
55.0 329.3 
65.2 
 
142.4 426.1 
97.9 565.7 109.6 
 
1.1 
 
3.3 
 
1.6 
 
3.1 
 
2.4 
 
3.9 
 
3.8 
 
3.7 
 
3.0 
 
3.5 
 
] / U.S. Deparcmenr of Labor, Bureau of Labor Scaciscics, Tomorrow's Manpower Needs; Supplemenc No. 2, Table 2. 
1) Includes farm produccion and agriculrural services, forestry and fisheries. 
_l/ Includes ordnance, except sighcing and fire control equipmenc (SIC 19, except 194). 
_j/ Includes professional, sciencific and concrolling inscrumencs (SIC 38 and 194) and miscellaneous manufacturing induscries (SIC 39). 
N _2/ Includes cobacco (SIC 21), pecroleum refining and related induscries (SIC 29), and rubber and miscellaneous plascic produces (SIC 30). 
A .fl./ Includes public adminiscracion employmenc only. Governmenc agencies engaged in educacional and medical services and in activicies commonly carried on 
also by privace emerprises, such as conscruction, manufaccuring, cransporcacion, ere. ,. are classified in their appropriace induscry. 
 
 ~~ "'-<._;-~~... 
 
. ~~<\.._. . 
 
TABLE 7. TOTAL EMPLOYMENT IN GEORGIA, BY MAJOR INDUSTRY, 1%0, 1967 AND PROJECTED 1975, WITH ANNUAL GROWTH RATES, 1960- 1967 AND 1967 - 1975 (Employment in thousands) 
 
lndustr 
 
All Industries 
 
Agriculture, Forestry & Fisheries ~/ 
 
Mining 
 
Construction 
 
Manufacturing 
 
Durable goods manufactu.ring 
 
Lumber & wood products, except furniture 
 
Furniture & fixtures 
 
Scone,, c~<t. Y & glass products 
 
N 
 
Prim.uy metal industries 
 
V'l 
 
Jl Fabricated metal products 
 
Machinery, except electrical 
 
Electrical machinery, equipment & supplies 
 
Transportation equipment 
J! Other durable goods 
 
Nondurable goods manufacturing I Food & kindred produces 
 
Textile mill products 
 
Apparel & related products 
 
Paper & allied products 
 
Printing, publishing & allied industries 
 
Chemicals & allied products 
 
Leather & leather products 
Other nondurable goods .2/ 
 
1960 
 
Annual Average Employment 1967 
 
1975 
 
1,380.5 
 
1,707.4 
 
2,064.3 
 
133.6 5.7 
82.6 351.9 110.3 32.9 
8.2 10.9 4.8 8.0 9.1 4.9 26.3 5.2 241.6 47.2 99.9 48.0 18.7 10.7 10.6 3.7 2.8 
 
97.4 6.7 
104.7 448.8 155.7 
30.1 9.4 14.4 7.I 17.3 13.9 9.0 46.1 8.4 293.1 51.0 112.6 68.0 23.5 14.3 13.1 4.6 6.0 
 
69.4 7.4 
136.5 509.3 175.7 
28.0 11.7 18.1 10.9 22.4 16.7 12.8 44.6 10.5 333.6 58.0 114.3 80.8 28.5 17.5 16.9 4.4 13.2 
 
Annual Growth Rates 1/ 
 
19ll0. 1967 
 
1967- 1975 
 
No. of 
 
No. of 
 
Percent 
 
Jobs 
 
Percent 
 
Jobs 
 
3. 1 
 
46.7 
 
2.4 
 
44.6 
 
-4.4 
 
-5.2 
 
2.3 
 
0. 1 
 
3.4 
 
3.2 
 
3.5 
 
13.9 
 
5.1 
 
6.5 
 
1.3 
 
0.4 
 
2.0 
 
0.2 
 
4.1 
 
0.5 
 
5.8 
 
0.3 
 
11.6 
 
1.3 
 
6.2 
 
0.7 
 
9.1 
 
0.6 
 
8.~ 
 
2.8 
 
7.1 
 
0.5 
 
2.8 
 
7.4 
 
1.1 
 
0.5 
 
1.7 
 
1.8 
 
5.1 
 
2.9 
 
3.3 
 
0.7 
 
4.2 
 
0.5 
 
3.1 
 
0.4 
 
3.2 
 
0.1 
 
11.5 
 
0.5 
 
-4. 1 
 
-3.5 
 
1.2 
 
0. 1 
 
3.4 
 
4.0 
 
1.6 
 
7.5 
 
1.5 
 
2.5 
 
-0.9 
 
0.3 
 
2.8 
 
0.3 
 
2.9 
 
0.5 
 
5.5 
 
0.5 
 
3.3 
 
0.6 
 
2.3 
 
0.4 
 
4.5 
 
0.5 
 
0.4 
 
-0.2 
 
2.8 
 
0.3 
 
1.6 
 
5.0 
 
1.6 
 
0.9 
 
0.2 
 
0.2 
 
2.2 
 
1.6 
 
2.4 
 
0.6 
 
2.6 
 
0.4 
 
3.2 
 
0.5 
 
-0.6 
 
10.4 
 
0.9 
 
 ... ~,.::.,_;;,:_":: ~:;.:..~.-.~~ ~. 
 
~--~ 
 
..:..... -~ 
 
. _. - ~ 
 
TABLE 7. 10TAL EMPLOYMENT IN GEORGIA, BY MAJOR INDUSTRY, 1%0, 1967 AND PROJECTED 1975, WITH ANNUAL GROWTH RATES, 1%0- 1967 AND 1967 - 1975 -continued (Employment in thousands) 
 
Industry 
 
1960 
 
Annual Average Employment 1967 
 
1975 
 
An:1ual Growth Rates j j 
 
1960. 1967 
 
1967 - 1975 
 
No. of 
 
No. of 
 
Percent 
 
.Jobs 
 
Percent Jobs 
 
Transportation, Communication & Public Utilities Trade, Wholesale & Retail Finance, Insurance & Real Estate Services 
Public Administration 1l/ 
 
87.4 269.8 
55.0 329.3 
65.2 
 
112.9 341.0 
73.4 430.2 
92.3 
 
142.4 426.1 
97.9 565.7 109.6 
 
3.7 
 
3.6 
 
3.4 
 
10.2 
 
4.2 
 
2.6 
 
3.9 
 
14.4 
 
5.1 
 
3.9 
 
2.9 
 
3.7 
 
2.8 
 
10.6 
 
3.7 
 
3. 1 
 
3.5 
 
16.9 
 
2.2 
 
2.2 
 
 .Less than 0.1 thousand. 
 
_ll Percents are those by which employment is compounded annually. Number of jobs may not add to total due to rounding. 
 
~ Includes farm production and agricultural services, forestry and fisheries. 
 
Na-. 
 
3/ Includes ordnance, except sighting and fire control equipment (SIC 19, except 194). 
_j/ Includes professional, scientific and controlling instruments (SIC 38 and 194) and miscellaneous manufacturing industries (SIC 39). 
 
_1/ Includes tobacco (SIC 21), petroleum refining and related industries (SIC 29), and rubber and .miscellaneous plastic products (SIC 30) . .!!,/ Includes public administration employment only. Government agencies engaged in educational and medical services and in activities commonly carried on also by 
 
private enterprises, such as construction, manufacturing, transportation, etc., are classified in their appropriate industry. 
 
 Chart 3 
MAJOR INDUSTRY DIVISIONS AS A PERCENT OF TOTAL EMPLOYMENT IN GEORGIA 1960-1967 and PROJECTED 1975 
 
AGRICULTURE, FORESTRY & FISHERIES MINING 
 
11 1960 D 1967 
 
 
 
1975 
 
CONSTRUCTION 
MANUFACTURING 
TRANSPORTATION, COMMUNICATION AND PUBLIC UTILITIES 
WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE J 
FINANCE, INSURANCE AND REAL ESTATE 
SERVICES 
 
PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION 
 
0 
 
5 
 
10 
 
15 
 
20 
 
25 
 
30 
 
 GOODS PRODUCING INDUSTRIES 
 
Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries: Large increases in productivity, small gains in output, and a continuing concentration of employment on large farms will result in further decline, about 28,000 in agriculture , forestry and fishery employment between 1967 and 1975. The share this division has of total employment will decline from 5.7 in 1967 to 3.4 in 1975. 
 
Mining : Employment has increa s ed slightly during recent years, primarily in metal mining and in nonmetallic mining and quarrying , but this has remained the smallest industry division in the state. Emplo yment is expected to rise from 6,700 in 1967 to 7, 400 in 197 5 . As a proportion of total employment , mining is expected to remain at 0.4 percent. Future employ ment growth will be limited by the increasing use of new and improved labor-saving device s and techniques . 
 
Cons truction : This industry may benefit from intensive application of existing technology that would increase the output per man-hour. Already, prefabricated panels and shells for houses show promise of more widespread use . At the s ame time national housing goals call for the construction of millions of new housing units by private industry and increases in production of new and rehabilitated units with public assistance in one form or another. This will spur growth in the construction industry , which is expected to grow at a rate of 3 .4 percent per year to 1975 . Additional demand will come from an expansion in state and local government needs , particularly for highway construction and new and rehabilitated housing units, and frc.m expanding investment in industrial plants. Employment will rise from 104,700 in 1967 to 136,500 in 1975 . 
 
Manufa cturing : Manufacturing employment had supplanted agricultural employment as the 
 
I 
 
larges t single source of jobs in the State ' s economy by 1950 , according to Census of Population 
 
data , a nd rem a ined a s the biggest indu s try divi s ion in 1967 . It will continue to grow but by 
 
1975 will be surpassed by the services division including domestics and health and educational 
 
serv1ces. Manpower requirements in manufacturing will increase at a slower pace, at 1.6 per- 
 
cent a year , than that experienced during the 1960-196 7 period, 'chiefly be ca use the increases 
 
in employment in the ' 60's in industrie s heavil y oriented toward defense-a ircraft and parts , 
 
ordnance , etc .-are not expected to continue at the same pa ce. Total ma nufacturing employment, 
 
however , will rise from 448,800 in 1967 to 509,300 in 1975. 
 
As in the past , changes in employment in individual ma nufacturing industries are expected to vary widely, depending on the impact of technology as well as s hifts in demand . The increasing application of technological innovations to ma nufa cturing proces s es is expected to continue to reduce unit labor requirements in ma nufacturing. Ma jo r technological developments that will continue to limit growth in ma nufa cturing employment include numerical control of ma c hine tool s, new metal processing methods , machiner y improvem e nts , improved materi a l s handling (including layout), new and impro,cd ra w materi a ls a nd product s , instrumentation and automatic controls, and electronic computers . 
- 28 - 
 
 SERVICE-PRODU<;:ING INDUSTRIES 
 
Transportation, Communications, and Public Utilities: Employment in this industry division is expected to increase to 142,400 in 1975, up from 112,900 in 1967. Its share of total employment is expected to rise from 6.6 percent in 1967 to 6.9 percent in 1975. Gains in trucking; atr transportation; telephone communication; electric and sanitary services; and most other industries should more than offset continued declines in railroads and taxis. 
 
Trade: Wholesale and retail trade, the second largest of the service industries, is interwoven throughout the economic system in a network of wholesale and retail establishments. Trade employment changes are expected to parallel those of the whole economy. Trade's relative share of total employment is expected to increase slightly - from one-fifth of total employment in 1967 to 20.6 percent in 1975. 
 
Retail trade employment will expand most rapidly in general merchandise stores, drug stores and eating and drinking establishments. Technological developments such as vending machines, other self-service gadgets, and electronic computers for inventory control and billing will tend to retard employment growth. 
 
Wholesale trade employment will increase more rapidly than that of retail trade. Employment in motor vehicles and automotive equipment; dry goods and apparel; electrical, hardware and plumbling goods;and machinery equipment and supply will be among the faster growing areas. 
 
Finance, Insurance and Real Estate: Employment in these industries is expected to increase 
 
at a faster rate to 1975 than totar employment and to account for a slightly larger share- 4.7 
 
percent- in 1975 than in 1967. Employment will rise from 73,400 in 1967 to 97,900 in 1975. 
 
Banking employment is expected to grow at a slower pace as advancing automation eliminates many clerical functions. Increase in the size of firms may also limit employment gains. 
 
Employment in stock brokerages and investment companies should increase at a slightly faster 
 
, 
 
.I 
 
pace. Insurance employment will be constrained somewhat by the computerization of record- 
 
keeping functions but will continue to grow because of the rising population. Real estate 
 
employment will grow_ at a slightly faster pace than in the '60's: it is little affected by tech- 
nological advances but highly responsive to the rising number of family formations. 
i 
 
Services: These industries, including private household employment, will increase their share 
 
of total employment by 1975, rising from 25.2 percent in 1967 to 27.4 percent in 1975 and at a 
 
faster rate than total employment. Employment will rise to 565,700 in 1975, up from 430,200 
 
in 1967. 
 
Employment growth in this heterogenous group of service industries, which includes personal, business, health and educational services, will be related to a substantial increase in population, a rapid rise in personal disposable Income , expanding economic activity, and a 
 
- 29 - 
 
 growing demand for medical, educational and other services. The output of these laborintensive industries is less affected by technological change than many other industries, hence their employment growth is not restrained very much by productivity advances. 
 
Within the services division, employment growth is expected in most major industries between 1967 and 1975. Growth in business services is expected to be particularly rapid as firms rely increasingly on advertising services to sell their products; on accounting, auditing, bookkeeping, and computing services to handle their record-keeping ; on contract firms to provide maintenance service ; and on audit bureaus and collecting agencies to cope with mushrooming consumer credit. 
 
Public Administration : (Government workers engaged in activities unique to government are 
 
classified as public administration; those engaged in activities also carried on by private 
 
enterprises, such as construction, manufacturing, transportation , medical and educational 
 
s ervices, etc., are classified in the appropriate industry .) 
 
::. 
:; Employment has grown faster in public administration than in any other major industry divi- 
 
sion. From 1960 to 1967 employment grew at the rate of 5.1 percent a year, compared to only 
 
3.1 percent for total employment. The sharp ri s e in recent years has been stimulated , 
 
however, by the needs of the Vietnam War as well as by the rapid growth in population, the 
 
increasing proportion of young and old persons in the population who require more services , 
 
and the general growth in demand for more and better government services. Employment ts 
 
projected to rise more slowly to 1975 -at 2.2 percent a year -reaching 109,600, up from 
 
92,300 in 1967 . Employment among postal workers will rise only slightly, but other federal 
 
I 
 
public administration employment will rise at the same rate as that for all public administra- 
 
'l 
 
tion . Rates for other sectors will be slightly higher- 2 .7 percent a year for state and 2.3 percent for local public administration employment. 
 
I 
 
- 30 - 
 
 Chart 4  
EMPLOYMENT IN MAJOR OCCUPATIONAL GROUPS IN GEORGIA 1960-1967 and PROJECTIONS to 1975 
 
Professional, Technical & Kindred Managers, Officials, Proprietors Clerical & Kindred Workers Sales Workers 
 
266,110 
 
11111960 
0 1967 
111975 
 
205,980 
 
339,300 
 
Craftsmen, Foremen & Kindred Operatives & Kindred Workers Service Workers Laborers except Farm & Mine 
 
157,620 
 
258,580 
 
361,670 
 
407,270 
 
300,140 
 
Farm and Mine Workers 
 
Number Employees 0 
 
50,000 
 
100,000 150,000 
 
200,000 250,000 
 
300,000 350,000 400,000 
 
450,000 
 
 OCCUPATIONAL EMPLOYMENT TRENDS 
 
The broad occupational makeup within the state of Georgia is expected to change from 1960 to 1975 . (Refer to Table 8). The basic pattern in Georgia will be similar to the nation as a whole. White collar workers will increase from 40 percent of total employment in 1960 to 46 percent in 1975, while farm workers will decrease from 9 percent to only 3 percent. Blue collar workers and service workers are expected to maintain the same proportion of total employment in 1975 as they did in 1960: 37 and 14 percent respectively. 
 
TABLE 8. PERCENT DISTRIBUTION OF EMPLOYMENT BY BROAD 
 
-I 
 
OCCUPATIONAL CATEGORIES IN GEORGIA AND 
 
IN THE UNITED STATES, 1%0 AND 1975 
 
Occupational Category 
 
1960 
 
Percentage Distribution 
 
U. S.J./ 
 
Ga. 
 
1975 
 
1960 
 
1975 
 
All Occupations 
 
100 
 
100 
 
100 
 
100 
 
White Collar Workers 2/ 
Blue Collar Workers ....3./ 
Service Workers Farm Workers 
 
43 
 
49 
 
40 
 
1\6 
 
37 
 
34 
 
37 
 
37 
 
12 
 
14 
 
14 
 
14 
 
8 
 
4 
 
9 
 
3 
 
J / U SDL, BLS, Bulletin No. 1599, Occupational Employment Patterns for 1960 and 1975. 
May not add to 100 percent due to rounding. 
]/ Includes professional and technical workers, managers, officials and proprietors, clerical workers and sales workers. 
__2/ Includes craftsmen and foremen, operatives and nonfarm laborers. 
 
There are many reasons for the change in the broad occupational makeup of the state. One of the most important is different rates of industry employment growth resulting from influences suth as shifts in consumer demands or industrial needs. Among the other factors are: (1) growth in population and its changing age compositi_on, which for example, has an effect on the need for teachers; (2) government policy, which determines such matters as the size of defense and space programs and expenditures for research and development; (3) supply-demand conditions, which may cause substitution of workers in one occupation for urgently needed workers in another, such as technicians for engineers and; (4) ins ti tu tional factors such as union management relationships and practices. Another important factor that affects the occupation structure of the economy is technological change. As advances in technology are made, some jobs will become obsolete while other totally new jobs will become part of the job market. 
 
The following analysis of broad occupational groups and subgroups ts intended to highlight the major occupational developments in Georgia over the study period. For the State as a whole, all occupations are expected to increase about 49.5 percent from 1960 to 1975 and about 20.9 percent from 1967 to 1975. With the exception of farmers and farm workers, employment in 
- 32 - 
 
 "l all broad occupational categories is expected to increase during the 1967-1975 period as well as the 1960-1975 period. In 1975 the percentage of total employment found in each of the major occupational groups will be as follows - (in de,scending order): operatives and kindred workers (19.7); clerical and kindred workers (16.4); service workers (14.5); professional, technical and kindred (12.9) ;.craftsmen, foremen and kindred (12.5); managers, officials and proprietors (10.0) ; sales workers (6.4); laborers except farm and mine (4.5); and farmers and farm workers (2.9). The high proportion of operatives and kindred workers represent the largest group because of the predominance of the textile industry within the state . The relative significance is declining over time , however , because growth in textile occupations is at a lower rate than increases in other occupational categories. 
PROFESSIONAL, TECHNICAL AND KINDRED WORKERS Professional, tecnnical and kindred workers will represent the fastest growing occupa- 
tional group from 1960 to 1975 in Georgia. From 1960 to 1975 addition of in excess of 130,000 expansion jobs will be created, or an increase _of 95.9 percent to a 1975 high of well over a quarter of a million jobs in this category in the state of Georgia. 
Engineers are expected to increase to 25,860 by 1975, representing a 136.8 percent increase in the 15 year period from 1960 to 1975. The pace of increase from 1967 to 1975 is at a slower though still rapid rate. The vast technological changes resulting in even more complicated pro.ducts and processes has the most significant impact on this occupational area. 
With the advent of Medicare and Medicaid increasing the use of medical facilities by the elderly, medical and other health occupations are expected to show strong steady gro~th. An increaseof 64.8 percent will be experienced from 1960 to 1975 to a high of 39,560 jobs. Additional factors accounting for the increase in health care are increased awareness by individuals of its importance and growing per capita income. The occupations _experiencing the sharpest growth will be dental and medical technicians, psychologists , physicia,ns and surgeons and professional nurses. 
Employment requirements for teachers are expected to increase 88 percent from 1960 to 1975. The projected demand of 72,070 teachers by 1975 includes teachers in all categories with elementary teachers representing 40.3 percent of the total; secondary teachers, 36.0 percent ; college teachers, 14.8 percent; and other teachers , 8.9 percent. The previously rapidly growing demand for elementary school teachers has partially slowed down due to the decrease in birthrates which prevailed at such a high level following World War II. There are other factors beyond birth rates to be considered which influence the need for teachers, however. The two main considerations are lower student-teacher ratios and proposed kindergarten programs. Since these are proposals for the future, it is difficult to define their exact effect at this time. College teacher demand will increase 164.0 percent from 1960 to 1975 as more individuals continue on to college . Teachers grouped as " other " are those employed in 
- 33 - 
 
 privately operated commercial and technical schools, military training programs, poverty programs, corporate training programs and other activities. This "other" group is expected to more than double between 1960 and 1975 . 
Complex technology also has impact on natural scientists and technicians other than medical and dental. These groups are expected to grow 139.2 percent and 132.6 percent, respectively, from 1960 to 1975. Interest in environment will rapidly boost occupations such as chemists, biological scientists and agricultural scientists. 
Social scientists including economists, statisticians and actuaries, and other social scientists will increase an anticipated 121.4 percent from 1960 to 1975. Increased need and demand for demographic, economic, statistical and research data and analysis will account for this dramatic increase. 
The other professional, technical and kindred worker group consists of a variety of occupations. including accountants and auditors, airplane pilots and navigators, editors and reporters, lawyers and judges, librarians, personnel and labor relations workers, photographers, social and welfare workers, teachers and workers in arts and entertainment as well as professional, technical and kindred workers not elsewhere classified. The fastest growing of these occupations between 1960 and 1975 are airplace pilots and navigators (231.6%), personnel and labor relations workers (129.5%), and designers (105.3%) and the residual groupN.E.C. (168.9%). This last group is expected to add 17,300 jobs from 1960 to 1975 to a high of 27,540. The rapid growth in this group is primarily accounted for by rapidly increasing demand for programmers and analysts connected with burgeoning use of electronic computers. Computer programmers and systems analysts are included in the "not elsewhere classified" group. 
MANAGERS, OFFICIALS AND PROPRIETORS The number of managers, officials and proprietors is expected to increase by about 
49.8 percent from 1960 to 1975. The rate of growth will be significantly higher than the comparable national rate. Managers are employed in all industries. Industries which employ large numbers of managers are retail trade; durable and nondurable goods manufacture; wholesale trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; construction; and public administration. 
Nationally, the number of proprietors is decreasing steadily, as are self-employed managers. This is true in Georgia as the small grocery, neighborhood drugstore, and hand laundry have been taken over by large chains able to buy in volume and in many cases offer goods and services for less. Most of this transition has taken place and the rate of decline is currently being limited by quick-service food stores, fast-food establishments and selfservice laundries. 
Growth patterns among different segments of managers, officials and proprietors varies widely. Creditmen; purchasing agents; and officers, pilots and engineers, shipping 
- 34 - 
 
 are expected to grow 109.8 percent, 72.3 percent and 70.0, respectively, from 1960 to 1975. On the other hand, postmasters and assistants and railroad conductors are to decline 14.3 percent and 11.6 percent, respectively,from 1960 to 1975. The single largest segment is a "not elsewhere classified" containing 96.2 percent of all managers, officials and proprietors and is expected to gain 49.7 percent from 1960 to 1975. 
 
1 
 
CLERICAL AND KINDRED WORKERS 
 
I 
 
Additional demand of 151,670 jobs are expected in clerical and kindred workers from 1960 to 1975, to a new high of 339,300 jobs -an increase of 80.8 percent. The fastest grow- 
 
ing segment are bank tellers, cashiers, and office machine operators. All will increase more 
 
than 100 percent from 1960 to 1975. The rapid increase in clerical workers as a whole re- 
 
flects not only growth of the economy, but also growth in the size and complexity of modern 
 
business organizations and government. As more correspondence is initiated, more reports 
 
required, more technological advances made in the area of electronic data processing, and 
 
specialization within retailing establishments will have a composite effect of additional 
 
demand for clerical workers. 
 
SALES WORKERS Sales workers are expected to increase 52.8 percent from 1960 to 1975 to a total of 
132,800 jobs. Most sales workers are employed in retail establishments and trends in sales occupations should follow closely trends in retail trade. Self-service general merchandise stores and other self-service retail establishments have tended to reduce the upward trend but increased capital and consumer goods account for ever increasing retail and wholesale outlets. Use of sales workers in manufacturing industries is expected to increase markedly. Both real estate and insurance agents and brokers are expected to increase quite rapidly from 1960 to 1975, 81.3 percent and 120.0 percent, respectively. 
 
CRAFTSMEN. FOREMEN AND KINDRED Employment in the craftsmen, foremen and kindred group is expected to increase from 
157,620 in 1960 to 258,580 in 1975- an increase of 64.1 percent. There is a wide variety of craft occupations with widely varied growth rates. Construction craftsmen will increase 44.7 percent from 1960 to 1975. Even though construction is increasing, the innovation in standard and prefabricated items lowers the growth rate - affecting carpenters, painters and paperhangers, plasterers, brickmasons and electricians. Metalworking craftsmen will increase 54 .8 percent from 1960 to 1975. 
 
Mechanics and repairmen will have the largest increase of craftsmen, foremen and kindred workers from 1960 to 1975. The increase of 86.9 percent is primarily accounted for by industry's need to have craftsmen to repair and maintain automatic conveyor systems, sensing and measuring devices and other equipment which is indicative of modern industrial processes. Business will require repairmen for office machinery in larger numbers than ever before. The consumer, with more dollars to spend, will require repairmen to maintain the volume of appliances now standard in the American home. 
- 35 - 
 
 Printing trades craftsmen will increase from 3,580 to 5,330 (48.9 %) from 1960 to 1975. 
 
._, 
 
Almost 75 percent of this increase is in two types of occupations - photoengravers and litho- 
 
graphers, and pressmen and plate printers. 
 
More workers will be needed for expansion in transportation, communication, and public utilities, but those jobs connected with railroad transportation are not among the growth occ upatwns . 
"Other craftsmen and kindred workers" includes a wide variety of occupations with varied growth patterns during the 1960 to 1975 study period. The category as a whole rose 55.7 percent from 1960 to 197 5. Glaziers and cranemen are expected to grow significantly116.1 percent and 92.9 percent, respectively from 1960 to 1975. This is probably accounted for by new construction of larger commercial buildings within the state. 
 
OPERATIVES AND KINDRED WORKERS Operatives and kindred workers will be the largest single category in 1975 - represen- 
ting 19.7 percent of total jobs. This group includes principally assemblers; checkers, examiners, and inspectors; drivers and deliverymen; filers, grinders , and polishers ; packers and wrappers; sewers and stitchers; welders and flame cutters; and production painters. Technological innovations will have the greatest impact on semi-skilled occupations - numerical controlled machines for standard machin~ng operations such as boring, milling, drilling and lathing should decrease the number requirements for machine tool operators. Machine tool operators are expected to increase 45.4 percent from 1960 to 1975 but decrease 10.7 percent from 1967 to 1975. Increases in production generated by rising population and rapid economic growth, as well as an increasing trend in motor truck transportation of freight, are expected to be the main factors contributing to increased employment requirements. For additional occupational detail, see Appendix Table 4. 
 
SERVICE WORKERS Employment for service occupations is expected to increase 58.2 percent from 1960 to 
1975 -to a high of 300,140 workers. Food service workers will show sharp gains as people have more disposable income and quick service food establishments increase rapidly - an increase of 96.5 percent is expected from 1960 to 1975. 
 
LABORERS, EXCEPT FARM AND MINE Laborers except farm and mine are expected to wcrease by only 13.7 percent from 1960 to 
1975- from 83,370 to 94,760 workers. The growth is expected to slow considerably during the period from 1967 to 1975 when only a 2.9 percent growth will be experienced. 
 
FARMERS AND FARM WORKERS 
 
Farmers and farm workers are expected to decrease by more than 50 percent from 1960 
 
to 1975. As agriculture becomes more automated and the efficient size for an individual 
 
farm increases rapidly , farmers and farm workers will decrease from 123,320 individuals to a 
 
low of 59,360 by 1975. 
 
- 36 - 
 
  MANPOWER REQUIREMENTS 
In the previous chapter occupational requirements were discussed from a standpoint of growth or decline because of increases or decreases in industry. Additional manpower is required for replacement due to death or retirement as well as occupational growth. Replacement has been based on separation rates for both males and females by occupation based on national averages. All occupations are sensitive to replacement needs and in many instances replacement requirements are greater than those for expansion. Over one half of the total demand for workers in Georgia from 1967 to 1975 is for replacement needs. For additional detail refer to Appendix Table 4. 
 
TABLE 10. DEMAND FOR EXPANSION AND REPLACEMENT BY OCGJPATIONAL GROUP IN GEORGIA FOR THE PERIOD 1967-1975 
-:-; 
-'l 
.). 
 
Occupation 
 
Expansion Needs 
 
Replacement Needs 
 
Total Demand for Workers 
 
Replacements As a Percent of Total Demand 
 
Totals 
 
356,900 
 
429,670 
 
786,570 
 
54.6 
 
Professional, Technical & Kindred Engineers, technical Medical and other health workers Teachers Natural scientists Social scientists Technicians, except medical and dental Other professional, technical and kindred 
 
79,540 8,380 9,740 19,100 3,520 670 9,720 
28,410 
 
50,860 2,240 10,530 18,430 
810 290 2,360 16,200 
 
130,400 10,620 20,270 37,530 4,330 960 12,080 44,610 
 
39.0 21.1 52.0 49.1 18.7 30.2 19.5 36.3 
 
Managers, Officials, Proprietors 
 
41,680 
 
36,990 
 
78,670 
 
47.0 
 
Clerical and Kindred Workers 
 
75,280 
 
94,550 
 
169,830 
 
55.7 
 
j 
:q j 
 
Stenographers, typists, secretaries Office machine operators 
 
20,870 
 
30,360 
 
51,230 
 
59.3 
 
5,590 
 
4,200 
 
9,790 
 
42.9 
 
"1 
 
Other clerical and kindred 
 
48,820 
 
59,990 
 
108,810 
 
55.1 
 
J ' 
 
l 
 
Sales Workers 
 
27,940 
 
27,470 
 
55,410 
 
49.6 
 
Craftsmen, Foremen and Kindred Construction craftsmen Foremen, n.e.c. Metalworking craftsmen, except mechanics Mechanics and repairmen Printing trades craftsmen Transportation, public utility craftsmen Other craftsmen and kindred 
 
48,490 9,090 8,120 1,170 18,180 
840 2,690 8,400 
 
34,020 10,540 
5,340 2,640 8,980 
690 1,020 4,810 
 
82,510 19,630 13,460 3,810 27' 160 
1,530 3, 710 13,210 
 
41.2 53.7 39.7 69.3 33.1 45.1 27.5 36.4 
 
- 38 - 
 
 TABLE 10. DEMAND FOR EXPANSION AND REPLACEMENT BY OCCUPATIONAL GROUP IN GEORGIA FOR THE PERIOD 1%7-1975 CONTINUED 
 
-, 
Occupation 
 
Expansion Needs 
 
Replacement Needs 
 
Total Demand for Workers 
 
Replacements As a Percent of Total Demand 
 
Operatives and Kindred Workers Drivers and dcliverymen Semiskilled metalworkers Transportation and public utilty operators Semi-skilled textile occupations Other operatives and kindred 
 
45,600 19 ,900 2,480 
20 1, 750 24,950 
 
72,830 6,980 2,840 44 0 19,020 
43,550 
 
118,430 26,880 5,320 460 17,270 68,500 
 
61.5 26.0 53.4 95.7 100.0 63.6 
 
Service Workers Private household workers Protective service Food service workers Other service workers 
 
63,330 15,960 
2,150 14,400 30,820 
 
88,370 38,620 
3,920 13,390 32.440 
 
151,700 54,580 6,070 27,790 63,260 
 
58.3 70.8 64.6 48.2 51.3 
 
Laborers, except Farm and Mine 
 
2,680 
 
12,710 
 
15,390 
 
82.6 
 
Farmers and Farm Workers 
 
-27,640 
 
11,870 
 
-15,770 
 
100.0 
 
Source: Appendix Table 4. 
 
As shown in Table 10, of the major groups shown -  clerical and kindred workers, 
 
I 
 
operatives and kindred workers, service workers, laborers except farm and mine, and 
 
farmers and farm workers all expect more need of manpower for replacement than expansion. 
 
These categories all are expected to have expansion increases of less than 30 percent from 
 
1967 to 1975. 
 
Table 11 shows the percent distribution by broad occupation. Note that professional, technical and kindred and clerical workers represent the two largest groups from 1967 to 1975 in portion of total number of workers required for expansion. For replacement,however, the top two are clerical workers and service workers. These two groups are also largest in total demand. 
 
 39  
 
 Chart 5 
TOTAL DEMAND FOR EXPANSION AND REPLACEMENT BY MAJOR OCCUPATIONAL GROUPS 1967-1975 
 
Professional, Technical and Kindred Managers, Officials, Proprietors 
 
130,400 78,670 
 
Clerical and Kindred Workers Sales Workers 
 
55,410 
 
169,830 
 
Craftsmen, Foremen and Kindred 
 
82,510 
 
Operatives and Kindred Workers 
 
Service Workers 
 
Laborers, except Farm and Mine 
 
 
 
15,390 
 
Farmers and Farm Workers 
 
 
 
-15,770 
 
118,430 151,700 
 
Number of Workers 
 
0 
 
50,000 
 
100,000 
 
150,000 
 
200,000 
 
 ':..,;o;,~.a.L:'!L'::-.:...::..:' 
 
-~.:.,_-,:.,,:,_._~:.  
 
~.,."..!.- ~i\lo'.t:-.,~- 
 
TABLE 11. TOTAL DEMAND AND PERCENT DISTRIBUTION BY BROAD OCCUPATION IN GEORGIA FOR THE PERIOD 1967-1975 
 
Occupation 
 
Total 
 
Professional, Technica l and Kindred 
 
Managers, Officials and Proprietors 
 
Clerical and Kindred Workers 
 
Sales Workers 
 
Craftsmen, Foremen and Kindred 
 
Operatives and Kindred Workers 
 
Service Workers 
 
Laborers, except Farm and Mine 
 
.J.:.:.>..,. 
 
Farmers and Farm Workers 
 
Demond for 
 
Expans ion 
 
Number 
 
Percent 
 
356,900 
 
100.0 
 
79,540 41,680 75,280 27,940 48,490 45,600 63,330 
2,680 -27,640 
 
22.3 11.7 21.1 7.8 13.6 12.8 17.7 0.7 -7. 7 
 
Demond 
 
Replacements 
 
Number 
 
Percent 
 
429,670 
 
100. 0 
 
50,860 
 
11.8 
 
36,990 
 
8.6 
 
94,550 
 
22.0 
 
27,470 
 
6.4 
 
34,020 
 
1.9 
 
72,830 
 
17.0 
 
88,370 
 
20.6 
 
12,7 10 
 
2. 9 
 
11,870 
 
2.8 
 
Total 
 
Demond 
 
Number 
 
-Pe-rce-nt 
 
786,570 
 
100.0 
 
130,400 
 
16.6 
 
78,670 
 
10.0 
 
169,830 
 
21.6 
 
55,410 
 
7.0 
 
82,510 
 
10.5 
 
118,430 
 
15.1 
 
151, 700 
 
19.3 
 
15,390 
 
1.9 
 
-15,770 
 
-2.0 
 
 CHANGING TRENDS IN OCCUPATIONAL DEMAND 
 
The highly dynamic job market requires a widely varied labor supply in different occupations through time. Chapters preceding have dealth primarily with forecasting man power requirements. It is also important to consider manpower resources - particularly on an estimated annual basis in order to plan training facilities and programs effectively. This chapter is devoted to an appraisal of the adequacy of supply of manpower in broad occupational groups and selected subgroups in Georgia. This chapter deals with how many individuals will be needed annually according to occupation. 
 
In the rapidly changing job market sources of workers for various occupations are numerous. Sources include training programs, armed forces, other occupations, in-migration from other areas, and new and re-entrants into the labor force. Workers at the same time are continually leaving occupation's for a wide variety of reasons - including death, retirement, occupational transfers, out-migration to other areas, marriage, birth of children, and other reasons. Projecting labor supply techniques are not as sophisticated as those for projecting labor demand. Throughout the country workers are free to change locations or occupations at will. This is desirable for the individual worker, but complicates the process of measuring labor supply. Past experience becomes orie tool available to approximate the millions of individuals making individual choice regarding place and type of work. There are separation rates for occupations on a national basis which ca11 form a good starting point to estimate replacement needs. 
 
As there are various ways to forecast labor demand, there are various ways to fore- 
 
cast labor supply. Selection of method, however, depends upon availability of technical 
 
staff, the desired volume and precision of the estimates, and the time and resources available 
 
I 
 
to accomplish the objective. The approach selected for Georgia was simple, inexpensive, and 
 
fast. For these advantages, some prec1s1on was sacrificed. 
 
The technique selected involves a comparison of annual estimated new entrants to an occupation over a recent period of time with a projection of the number that will be required 
I 
annually in a future period for expansion and replacement in specific occupations. As such, these measures indicate whether the current rate of new worker input to an occupation must be expanded, contracted, or maintained at the current level in order to meet future needs. The measures do not take into account the total supply of workers. 
 
To achieve the occupational growth experienced in Georgia from 1960 to 1967 an average of 90,450 workers were supplied annually for both expansion and replacement needs. The projected requirements for the 1967-1975 period for expansion and replacement are 104,370 workers. This is an increase in annual average new entrant requirement of 15.4 percent. 
 
- 42 - 
 
 All of the broad occupational groups and subgroups are presented in Table 12. For 
 
analytical purposes, the ratio of the projected required new job entrants for the period 1967- 
 
a 
.,~ 
:.1 
 
1975 to the experienced need during the 1960-1967 period is presented in the same table. 
 
For some occupations - based on the projections - not as many new workers will be 
 
needed in the period 1967-1975 as were required in the 1960-1967 period. These are 
 
identified by ratios less than unity (1.0). For some occupations, however, the projected 
 
need in the 1967-1975 period will be greater than that in the period 1960-1967. These are 
 
ratios greater than unity. Finally, for some occupations the projected need 1967 to 1975 
 
will approximate that of the 1960-1967 period and are ratios of unity or near unity. 
 
Therefore, these ratios serve to point out possible imbalances in certain occupations. It should be kept in mind that changes in occupation makeup are not as smooth and unvaried as they are being treated here for the purpose of a broad overview within a span of time. In some years one occupation will require a large number of new workers and the next year may only need one half of that number. On the w.hole, however, these cycles should average out to approximate annual average new entrant requirements discussed in this section. More detailed information on workers entering occupations during the 1960-1967 period and the projected number that will be required during the period 1967-1975 is presented in Appendix Table 5. 
 
PROFESSIONAL, TECHNICAL AND KINDRED 
 
Indications are that the projected required need for professional, technical and kind- 
 
red workers will be about one-third greater from 1967-1975 period than was experienced 
 
during the 1960-1967 period. The total need for expansion and replacement needs during 
 
the 1967-1975 period is expected to be 16,610 new entrants per year while in the 1960-1967 
 
period it was 11,950 new entrants per year. The requirement for technicians, except medi- 
 
cal and dental, which includes such occupations as draftsmen, radio operators, and 
 
surveyors is expected to show the sharpest increase, requiring 570 more new entrants in 
 
annually in the 1967-1975 period than were required in the 1960-1967 period . Technical 
 
engineers will need only 220 more new entrants annually during the 1967-1975 period than 
 
,. 
 
were required from 1960 to 1967. The need for teachers, while increasing, is not increasing 
 
,; 
 
as rapidly as other occupations in the professional field. This change is the partial result 
 
of sharply reduced birth rates. New teachers are expected to be needed in the 1967-1975 
 
period at an annual amount of 4,710 new entrants. 
 
MANAGERS, OFFICIALS AND PROPRIETORS There will be a substantially greater need for managers, officials and proprietors 
during the 1967-1975 period than was experienced during the 1960-1967 period. Annually 2,2 30 more new entrants will be required during the 1967-19 75 period than were needed yea rly from 1960 to 1967 . Expansion in man y area s will account for this demand, but the primary need will be in esta blishments undergoing technological changes and fast service food place s. 
- 43 - 
 
 CLERICAL AND KINDRED WORKERS The experienced need for clerical and kindred workers from 1960 to 1967 amounted to 
19,920 new entrants per year while the projected required need for the period 1967-1975 is estimated at 21,250 new entrants per year. The ratio is 1.07 which is very close to unity and it may be assumed that current volumes of training and re-entrants patterns will continue to satisfy the demand which is increasing only slightly. However, half again as many office machine operators will be needed during the projected period than were required from 1960 to 1967. Postal and shipping and receiving clerks show a marked decline during the projected period 1967-1975 as opposed to the experienced period 1960-1967. 
 
SALES WORKERS During the 1967-1975 period an estimated 6,930 new entrants will be required annually 
as opposed to requirements of 5',370 annually experienced during the 1960-1967 period. This is an increase of 1,560 new entrants each year in sales occupations. The increase is probably substantial enough to warrant some additional training, though perhaps it can be instituted at currently existing facilities. 
 
CRAFTSMEN, FOREMEN AND KINDRED WORKERS Craftsmen, foremen and kindred workers represent one of the largest broad occupatio- 
nal groups in Georgia. The projected annual average need for new entrants from 1967 to 1975 is 9,870. This is a decrease of 1,030 workers each year from the 10,900 new entrants that were required from 1960 to 1967. Most of the broad subgroups within this category (refer to Appendix Table 5) have a ratio of change very close to unity and only minor adjustments should be required in existing training programs. Metalworking craftsmen except mechanics, however, will require less than half the new entrants annually from 1967 to 1975 than were experienced from 1960 to 1967. 
 
OPERATIVES AND KINDRED WORKERS 
 
Operatives and kindred workers required 19,470 new entrants annually from 1960 to 
 
1967 and are expected to need 20,930 each year from 1967 to 1975. The ratios for all of 
 
these occupations are within .10 of unity and very little adjustments in existing training 
 
., ',, 
 
patterns are expected to be required. 
 
SERVICE WORKERS Service workers required new entrants annually of 15,560 from 1960 to 1967. This 
will increase by 3,430 to 18,990 new entrants each year from 1967 to 1975. Although the ratio only shows moderate growth - the additional 3,430 new entrants will require training and training facilities, because a serious imbalance will probably result. 
 
- 44 - 
 
 LABORERS, EXCLUDING FARM AND MINE; AND FARMERS AND FARM WORKERS The last two broad occupational groups, including laborers and farmers and farm 
workers , have been combined for neither group will present a problem with regard to training. Only three quarters of the number of laborers will be required annually from 1967 to 1975 as were required from 1960 to 1967. Farming occupations will continue to decline- losing 3,060 workers annually from 1960 to 1967 but only 1,980 workers from 1967 to 1975. 
~I 
- 45 - 
 
 ~-:,~~ ,; 
 
~----- 
 
.. ' . -'~-j~ -----':~'-~ 
 
.r~,,;._ ~~.~;;_. ~ 
 
TABLE 12. ESTIMATED AVERAGE ANNl)AL NEW JOB ENTRANTS EXPERIENCED FROM 1960-1967 AND PROJECTED REQUIRED FROM 1967-1975 BY 
BROAD OCCUPATIONAL CATEGORIES AND SELECTED SUBGROUPS IN GEORGIA 
 
Occupation 
 
Experienced Need 
 
Professional, Technical and Kindred Engineers, technical Medical and other health workers Teachers Technical, except medical and dental 
Other professional, technical and kindred 1/ 
Managers, Officials and Proprietors 
 
11,950 1,120 1,880 3,820 930 3,780 
7,610 
 
Clerical and Kindred Workers 
 
.j>.. 
 
0\ 
 
Sales Workers 
 
19,920 5,370 
 
Craftsmen, Foremen and Kindred Construction craftsmen Foremen, n. e. c. Metalworking craftsmen, excluding mechanics Mechanics and repairmen 
Other craftsmen and kindred 1/ 
 
10,900 2,990 1,790 1,020 3,450 1,020 
 
Operatives and Kindred Workers 
 
19,470 
 
Service Workers 
 
15,560 
 
Laborers, Excluding Form and Mine 
 
2,730 
 
Farmers and Farm Workers 
 
-3.060 
 
1/ Ones not inc! ude natural and social scientists. 
:l/ Does not inc! ude printing trades, transpottation and public utility craftsmen. 
 
SOURCE: Appendix Table 5. 
 
Annual Average New Jab Entrants 
 
Projected 
 
Ratio of Projected Required 
 
Required 
 
to Experienced N~ed 
 
16,610 
 
1.39 
 
1,340 
 
1.20 
 
2,760 
 
1.47 
 
4,710 
 
1.23 
 
1,500 
 
1.61 
 
5,620 
 
1.49 
 
9,840 
 
1.29 
 
21,250 
 
1.07 
 
6,930 
 
1.29 
 
9,870 
 
.91 
 
2,450 
 
.82 
 
1,690 
 
.94 
 
450 
 
.44 
 
3,410 
 
.99 
 
1,210 
 
1.19 
 
20,930 
 
1.07 
 
18,990 
 
1.22 
 
1,930 
 
.71 
 
-1 980 
 
.65 
 
 METHODOLOGY 
The methodology used in this report is substantially that outlined in the Bureau of Labor Statistics' publication Tomorrow's Manpower Needs and described in the draft version of the Manpower Administration's Handbook for Projecting Employment by Occupation for States and Major Areas. The projections were developed in two major phases: initially projections were made for specific industries in Georgia for 1975 , then these industry projections were applied to the national industry-occupational matrixes to obtain projections of occupational distribution for 1975. 
To develop industry projections time series data from 1958-1969 were developed for each of the industries. These data were submitted to a computerized regression analysis. Three basic relationships were figured: (1) between state employment in each industry and time, (2) the logarithm of state employment in each industry and time, and (3) ratio of state to national employment in each industry and time. These various projections were checked for validity and reasonableness and adjusted by a local analyst with solid economic knowledge of the area. Final industry projections were made by careful analysis. 
To obtain occupational projections, these industry projections along with industry employment in 1960 and 1960 occupational data from the Census were submitted to a computerized system to be applied to the national matrix. Occupational projections were received and adjusted, balanced and analyzed. After occupational projections had been finalized, replacement needs (based on national separation rates by sex) were determined to yield replacement demand. An aggragate figure showing total demand by occupation was calculated. 
Because 1960 Census estimates and industry totals for 1960 were quite close, adjustments for commuting and migration were not made before submitting tabulations for the second computer phase. It was felt that to do so would distort rather than clarify the picture. 
.,.I I 
- 47 - 
 
 '.l, 
)l 
~ 
APPENDIX 
' 
 
 Appendix Chart 1 
EMPLOYMENT TRENDS IN GEORGIA BY SELECTED MAJOR INDUSTRIES 1940-1970 and PROJECTED 1975 
 
500 
 
(THOUSANDS) 
 
400 
AGRICULTURE 
300 
200 
 
, 
, ,,,/ 
GOVERNMENT 
 
100 
---- 
 
0 1940 
 
1945 
 
1950 
 
1955 
 
1960 
 
1965 
 
1970 
 
1975 
 
NOTE: Nonagricultural Industries exclude self-employed and unpaid family workers and domestic workers in private households. 
 
 ~  .:.:~.:::. ::.. ~~' ~ .': :.: ~ 
 
\ ' .... _.;.:t:: .~;J.~. 
 
APPE:-.!DIX TABLE 1. GEORG IA CIVILIA~ WO RK FOR CES ESTIMATES, WITH E ~IPLOYMENT OF :\O>:AGR ICULTURAL WAGE Ai\DSA L ARYWORKE RS (EXCEPT DOMESTICS) BY MAJ OR INDUSTRY, ALL OTHER NONAGR ICU L TU R AL EMPLOB1E~ T AND AGR ICUL TliRAL B l PLODIENT, 1960-1970 
(Es rimares in Thousands) 
 
Item 
 
Civ ili an Work Forc e 
 
Unem ployme nt , Numbe r P e rc ent of civili an w ork fo rce 
 
Em p lo y m!'nt, T ot o! 
Non a gric ultural wage & salary , 
exce pt do mes t ics 11 
 
Manufa c turin,L: 
 
l)urable ,L:Oods 
 
L umber & wood products 
 
Furniture & fixtures 
 
~ 
 
St<lllt' , eLl\' & g l ass products 
 
'-0 
 
Primary metal ind ust r ies 
 
Fabricated me t a l p roduc t s 
 
Machinery , excluding elec tric 
 
Electrical mach inery 
 
Transportation equipment Other durable goods~/ 
 
Nondurable goods , 
 
li ood & kindred products 
 
Textile mill produc ts Appare l 
 
. 
 
Paper & a l lied p roducts 
 
Printing & publish ing 
 
Chemica l s & a llied p roducts 
 
Leather & leat her prod ucts Other no ndurable goods j_/ 
 
1960 1, 466 .2 
 
1961 1,4 82. 4 
 
1962 1, 491 .4 
 
1963 1,530 .8 
 
1964 1, 568 .6 
 
1965 1,634 .4 
 
1966 1,712.4 
 
1967 1, 768 . 3 
 
1968 1,830.8 
 
1969 
 
- 19701/ .. .. 
 
1, 905 .2 . 1,928. 2 
 
85 .3 
 
105 .8 
 
83 .4 
 
76.6 
 
70.6 
 
62 .9 
 
57 .6 
 
59 .9 
 
60 .6 
 
55 . 0 
 
70 .7 
 
5.8 
 
7. 1 
 
5. 6~ 
 
5.0 
 
4. 5 
 
3.8 
 
3 .4 
 
3 .4 
 
3 .3 
 
2.9 
 
3.7 
 
1,3 80.5 1,375. 8 1,407 .6 1,453 .4 1,497 .2 1,570 .6 1,653 .0 1,{ 07 .4 1,769 .1 1, 847.8 1,853 .9 
 
1, 051.1 
340.8 103.5 
~9 . 3 
7.9 10 .6 4.7 6 .9 8.7 4 .8 25 .5 5.1 
 
1,050 .7 
333.0 97 .6 26.7 7.7 10 .9 4 .5 7.2 8.5 5.I 22.1 4.9 
 
1,092,..7 
349.6 106.4 26.0 
8.4 11 .5 4.9 . 8.4 
9.1 5.5 27.2 5.4 
 
1' 13.9.7 
362 .9 11 '5.3 26.4 
7.9 12 .3 5 .0 10.3 9.3 5.9 32.3 5.9 
 
1,186 .7 
377.9 122 .2 26.3 
8.3 13.4 . 5.6 11.6 9.9 6.2 34.8 6.1 
 
1, 257.1 
403.0 134 .2 26 .8 
8.8 14 .4 6.2 12.2 10.7 7.3 40.7 7.1 
 
1,337 .9 
430.5 146.7 26.7 
9.3 14. 2 6 .6 14.6 . 12.6 8.4 44 .9 9.4 
 
1,394 .7 
437 .8 148 .7 26.2 
9.0 14 . 1 7.0 14.7 13.4 8.9 45 .0 10.4 
 
1, 455 .6 
451.8 152.1 25.8 
9.4 13 .7 6.7 16.2 13.7 9 .7 46 . 7 10 .2 
 
1,530 .9 
476.3 167 .5 26 .3 10.6 
14 . 1 7.2 17.( 14 . 1 10 .9 56.5 10.1 
 
1,545.7 
462.2 154 . 9 25.1 
9.8 13.7 8.2 16.6 13.9 11 .5 46.7 9.4 
 
237.3 44.9 99.6 -17.6 18.6 
9.9 10 . 2 
3.7 2.8 
 
.235 .4 41 .6 96.7 47.6 19 .3 10.1 10.3 3.8 3.0 ' 
 
243.2 44.9 97 .2 52.6 19.9 10 .5 10.7 4.0 
3.4 
 
247.6 45.2 9 7. 1 55.2 20.3 
l(J. 7 
11 .4 3~9 
3 .8 
 
255.7 45.9 98.8 58 .0 21.2 11.4 11.6 
4.2 4.6 
 
268 .8 46.9 103.6 63.4 21 .6 11.7 12 . 1 4 .4 5.1 
 
283 .8 48.9 109.2 67.4 22 .8 12.6 13 . 1 
4.7 5 .1 
 
289.1 49.3 112.3 67 .5 23-.4 13.11 12.6 
4 .6 6.0 
 
299 .7 49.4 117 .8 68.'9 24.4 13.9 12.6 
4.7 8.0 
 
308 .8 
 
307.3 
 
50.4 
 
52.3 
 
119.8 
 
115.9 
 
69.9 
 
69.4 
 
25.8 
 
24.6 
 
15 .0 
 
15.3 
 
13.0 
 
13.4 
 
4.7 ~ 
 
4 .8 
 
10.2 
 
11.6 
 
 ----~ 
 
,_~~~ 
 
... - --- 
 
" - ' - --'- -~ 
 
_,.:....; _-;:~ ;;::_!!"..'' 
 
---~--~ 
 
APPENDIX TABLE 1. GEORGIA CIVILIA~ WORK FORCES ESTIMATES, WITH EMPLOYMENT OF :-.JO:-.JAGRICULTURAL WAGE AND SALARY WORKERS (EXCEPT DOMESTICS) BY MAJOR INDUSTRY, ALL OTHER ~ONAGRICULTURAL EMPLOYMENT AND AGRICULTURAL EMPLOYMENT, 1960-1970 - continued 
(Estimates in Thousands) 
 
..;._ :.r~- ...:.;.:._ 
 
It em 
 
1960 
 
1961 
 
1962 
 
1963 
 
1964 
 
1965 
 
1966 
 
1967 
 
1968 
 
1969 
 
1970 JJ 
 
Nonmanufacturing 
 
Mining Co ntr ac t constru c tion Transportation & utilities Trade, wholesale & retail Fin ance, insurance & real estate 
Services and mi sce llaneou s .21 
Government {i/ Federal _} State & local 
 
All other nonagricultural .:I./ 
 
' 
 
Vl 
0 
 
Agriculture 
 
I 
 
Persons invo lved in labor-management disputes 
 
710.3 
5 .6 55.3 73.2 224 .9 49 .1 116.1 186.1 62.4 123.7 
200 .9 
128 . 5 
0.4 
 
7 17.7 
5.5 51.9 73 .0 223.6 51.2 120.6 191.9 63 . 1 128.8 
204.0 
121.1 
0.8 
 
743.1 
5.4 57.5 73.8 229.6 53 .3 126 . 3 197.2 66.4 130.8 
207.0 
107.9 
0 .4 
 
776.8 
5 .7 63.2 76.4 239.0 56 .3 132.2 294 .0 67.8 136.2 
210.1 
103.6 
0 .8 
 
808.8 
'5.5 65.4 79.4 250.1 59.0 138.6 210 .8 67.4 143 .4 
213 .2 
97 .3 
0.8 
 
854 .1 
5.5 72 .0 83 .2 264 .0 61.2 145 .4 222 .8 68.9 15 3.9 
216.2 
97.3 
0.9 
 
907 .4 
6.1 73 .2 89.1 280.9 63 .0 151.2 243.9 77 .9 166.0 
219 .3 
95 .8 
1.8 
 
956.9 1,00).8 1,05 4.6 1,083.5 
 
6.5 74.6 94 .5 291.3 66.) 160.7 263.0 84 . 1 178.9 
 
6.7 79.4 97.3 )06.9 69.1 169.1 275.3 83.2 192 . 1 
 
6.8 81.3 102.3 324.6 73.3 181.0 285.3 
8 .~.4 
201.9 
 
6.9 76.5 106.7 330.8 77.5 187.3 297.8 83.5 214.3 
 
222 .3 
 
225 .4 
 
228 .5 
 
231.5 
 
90 . 4 
 
88 . 1 
 
88 .4 
 
76 .7 
 
1.0 
 
1.1 
 
2.4 
 
3 .6 
 
J / Preliminary estimates. 11 Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistic s and Manpower Administration. 
} / Includes professional, scientific and co ntrolling instruments and mi sce ll aneous manufacturing indu st rie s . Also includes o rdnance, beginning in 19()(,. 
j / Includes tobacco manufacture, petroleum refining and related industries, rubber and misc ellaneous plastic products. 
.5/ Miscellaneous segm<'nt includes agricultural se rvi ces, fores try and fisheries . !J/ Prior to 1966 includes employment in a government ordnance plant . .1/ Nonagricultural se lf- emp loyed and unpaid family workers and domestic workers in private households. 
 
 . . ~~ .-:, .:..~ 
 
..:...i~....i- '::~.1!...~' 
 
APPDIDIX TABLE 2. TOTAL EMPLOYMENT IN GEORGIA, BY MAJOR I~DUSTRY GROUP, 1960, 1967 AND PROJECTED 19 75, WITH ANNUAL GROWTH RATES, 1960-1967 and 1967-1975 (Employment in Thousands) 
 
Industry j / 
 
Totol, All Industries 
 
Agriculture, Forestry & F isheries.l/ 
 
A~riculturc 
 
Forestry 
 
f 
 
Fisheries 
 
Mining 
 
Metal mining 
 
Coal mining 
 
Crude petroleum & natural ~as 
 
\,J_\. 
 
Nonmetallic minin~ & quarrying 
 
I 
Construction Industry 
 
Manufacturing 
 
Durable goods manufacturin~ l.umlwr & wood produns Lng~in~ camps & contractors ~awmills, millwork , miscellaneous Wood products Furnirurt' & fixtur<s Stonl', day & ~lass produces (;lass&. glass produces C:t'menr, n>nneee & pla se<r Strunural day produ<ts Pott<ry &. rdaeed produns Miscellaneous nonmetallic mineral & stone products Primary metal industries Blast furnaces & steel works Othl'r primary metal industries Primary nonferrous metals 
 
-1-96-0 
1,380.5 
 
Employment Annual Avera11e 
1967 
 
197'5 
 
1,707.4 
 
2,064.3 
 
133.6 131.1 
2.2 0.3 
 
97.4 
 
69.4 
 
94. . 
 
65.5 
 
..o 
 
3.6 
 
0.3 
 
0.3 
 
5.7 
 
6.7 
 
7.4 
 
0.1 
 
0.3 
 
0.4 
 
0 
 
0 
 
0 
 
0 
 
0 
 
0.1 
 
5.6 
 
6.4 
 
6.9 
 
82.6 
 
104.7 
 
136.5 
 
351.9 
 
448.8 
 
509.3 
 
110.3 32.9 8.5 24.4 8.2 10.9 1.4 3.9 2.8 0.1 2.7 4.8 1.3 1.1 2.4 
 
155.7 30.1 8.0 22.1 9.4 14.4 1.6 6.0 3.6 0.1 3.1 7.1 1.7 1.6 3.8 
 
175.7 28.0 7.5 20.5 11.7 18.1 2.0 7.9 4.5 0.2 3.5 10.9 1.8 2.4 6.7 
 
-...A!!_~ual Gro_!!_!h Rates 
 
1960-1967 
 
1967-1975 
 
Per 
 
No. of Per 
 
No. of 
 
Cent 
 
Jobs 
 
Cent 
 
Jobs 
 
3.1 
 
46.7 
 
2.4 
 
44.6 
 
-4.4 
 
-5.2 
 
-4.1 
 
-3.5 
 
-4.6 
 
5.3 
 
-4.4 
 
-3 .6 
 
4.5 
 
0.1 
 
2.3 
 
0.1 
 
0 
 
0 
 
0 
 
0 
 
2.3 
 
0.1 
 
1.2 
 
0. 1 
 
17 . 0 
 
 
 
3.7 
 
u 
 
0 
 
0 
 
0 
 
0 
 
0 
 
1.9 
 
0.1 
 
0.9 
 
0.1 
 
3.4 
 
3.2 
 
3. 4 
 
4.0 
 
3.5 
 
13.9 
 
1.6 
 
7.5 
 
5.1 
 
6.5 
 
1.5 
 
2.5 
 
-1.3 
 
0.4 
 
0.9 
 
-0.3 
 
-0.9 
 
-0.1 
 
-0.8 
 
-0.1 
 
1.4 
 
-0.3 
 
-0.9 
 
-0.2 
 
2.0 
 
0.2 
 
2.8 
 
0.3 
 
4.1 
 
0.5 
 
2.9 
 
0.5 
 
1.9 
 
 
 
2.8 
 
0.1 
 
6.3 
 
0.3 
 
3.5 
 
0.2 
 
3.7 
 
0.1 
 
2.8 
 
0.1 
 
0 
 
0 
 
9.1 
 
 
 
2.0 
 
0.1 
 
1.5 
 
0.1 
 
5.8 
 
0.3 
 
5.5 
 
0.5 
 
3.9 
 
 
 
0.7 
 
 
 
5.5 
 
0.1 
 
5.2 
 
0.1 
 
6.8 
 
0.2 
 
7.3 
 
0.4 
 
 ... .. ~~.:.. ~~ ;;;.:.:,.:.___-:_' 
 
_~.:...::-:...:~( :..-~~ 
 
APPENDIX TABLE 2. TOTAL EMPLOYMEN1 IN GEORGIA, BY MAJOR INDUSTRY GROUP, 1960 , 1967 AND PROJECTED 1975, WITH ANNUAL GROWTH RATES, 1960-1967 and 1967-1975- continued 
(Employment in Thousands) 
 
 ..!..J:..:O~ ~). !:~ 
 
Industry .J/ 
 
Fabricated metal products 3/ 
 
Nonelectrical machinery 
 
Farm machinery & equipment 
 
Office machinery 
 
Miscellaneous machinery 
 
Electrical machinery 
 
Transportation equipment 
 
Motor vehicles & equipment 
 
Aircraft & engines 
 
Ship & boatbuilding & repairs 
 
\ 
 
Railroad & other transportatim equipment 
 
V\ N 
 
Instruments & related products 4/ 
 
Instruments, except clocks 
 
Watches & clock devices 
 
Miscellaneous manufacturing 
 
Nondurable goods manufacturing . Food & kindred produ(tS 
I 
Meat products Dairy products Canning, preserving & freezing Grain milr products Bakery prcd,ucts Beverages Other food products Tobacco manufactures Textile mill prodijcts Apparel & miscell1neous fabricated textile products Paper & allifd prod,ucts Pulp, paper 11c pap~rboard mills Paperboard containers & boxes All other paper products 
 
1960 
 
Employment Annual Avero9e 
1967 
 
1975 
 
8.0 
 
17.3 
 
22.4 
 
9.1 
 
13.9 
 
16.7 
 
1.8 
 
2.5 
 
3.0 
 
0.1 
 
0.1 
 
0.4 
 
7.2 
 
11.3 
 
13 .3 
 
4.9 
 
9.0 
 
12.8 
 
26.3 
 
46.1 
 
44.6 
 
11.1 
 
14.0 
 
15.5 
 
12.6 
 
26.5 
 
19.5 
 
1.7 
 
1.7 
 
1.5 
 
0.9 
 
3.9 
 
8.1 
 
1.1 
 
2.4 
 
3.5 
 
0.4 
 
1.2 
 
2.0 
 
0.7 
 
1.2 
 
1.5 
 
4.1 
 
6.0 
 
7.0 
 
241.6 47.2 11.7 4.9 5.3 4.2 7.6 5.7 7.8 0.8 99.9 48.0 18.7 11.5 4.7 2.5 
 
293.1 51.0 14.8 
5.0 . 5.0 
?3 8.:3 6.9 7.7 0.7 112.6 68.0 23.5 13.6 6.5 . 3.4 
 
333.6 58.0 16.7 5.3 6.4 3.1 9.4 9.0 8.1 0.8 
114.3 80.8 28.5 15.3 
8.7 4.5 
 
Annual Growth Rates 
 
1960-1967 
 
1967-1975 
 
Per 
 
No. of 
 
Per 
 
No. of 
 
Cent 
 
Jobs 
 
Cent 
 
Jobs 
 
11.6 
 
1.3 
 
3.3 
 
0.6 
 
6.2 
 
0.7 
 
2.3 
 
0.4 
 
4.8 
 
0.1 
 
2.3 
 
0.1 
 
0 
 
0 
 
18.9 
 
 
 
6.6 
 
0.6 
 
2.1 
 
0.3 
 
9.1 
 
0.6 
 
4.5 
 
0.5 
 
8.3 
 
2.8 
 
-0.4 
 
-0.2 
 
3.4 
 
0.4 
 
1.3 
 
0.2 
 
11.2 0 
 
2.0 0 
 
-3.8 -1.6 
 
--0.9 
 
23.3 
 
0.4 
 
9.6 
 
0.5 
 
11.8 
 
0.2 
 
4.8 
 
0.1 
 
17.0 
 
0.1 
 
6.6 
 
0.1 
 
8.0 
 
0.1 
 
2.8 
 
5.6 
 
0.3 
 
1.9 
 
0.1 
 
2.8 
 
7.4 
 
1.6 
 
5.0 
 
1.1 
 
0.5 
 
1.6 
 
0.9 
 
3.4 0.3 
 
0.4 
 
 
1.5 .r. 
 
0.2 
 
0.7 
 
-0.9 
 
 
 
3.1 
 
0.2 
 
-3.4 
 
-o..t-i '' -0.8 
 
1.2 
 
0.1 
 
1.6 
 
0.1 
 
2.7 
 
0.2 
 
3.4 
 
0.3 
 
-0.2 
 
 
 
0.6 
 
0.1 
 
-1.9 
 
 
 
1.7 
 
 
 
1.7 
 
1.8 
 
0.2 
 
0.2 
 
5.1 
 
2.9 
 
2.2 
 
1.6 
 
3.3 
 
0.7 
 
2.4 
 
0.6 
 
2.4 
 
0.3 
 
1.5 
 
0.2 
 
4.7 
 
0.3 
 
3.7 
 
0.3 
 
4.5 
 
0.1 
 
3.6 
 
0.1 
 
 .. ... :: . . , , .:.::.~ _'z_.:~.=. 
 
APPENDIX TABLE 2. TOTAL EMPLOYMENT IN GEORGIA, BY MAJOR INDUSTRY GROUP, 1960, 1967 AND PROJECTED 1975, WITH ANNUAL GROWTH RA T ES, 1960-1967 and 1967-1975 - continued (Employmen t in Thousands) 
 
Industry .1/ 
 
Printing 8 publishing 
 
Chemicals & allied products 
 
Synthetic fiber ~ 
 
Drugs & medicine 
 
Paints & varni shes 
 
Miscellaneous chemicals 
 
Petroleum refining & related industries 
 
Petroleun refining 
 
Other petroleum & coal products 
 
Rubber & rr.iscellaneous plastic products 
 
Vl 
 
Rubber pro~ucts 
 
~ 
 
Miscellaneous plastic products 
 
Leather & leather products 
 
Leather tanning & finishing 
 
Footwear, except rubber 
 
All other leather products 
 
Tronsr-ortotion, Communicot ior. , Electric, Gas & Sanitary Services Railroad s Local transit & interurban bus Taxis Trucking Warehousing Water transportation Air transpo rtation Pipeline s Transportation services Telephone Te l egraph Radio /!. television E l ectric, gas & ~. team Water & irregation Sanitary services 
 
1960 
 
Employment Annual Average 
1967 
 
1975 
 
10.7 
 
14.3 
 
17.5 
 
10.6 
 
13.1 
 
16. 9 
 
1.6 
 
0.6 
 
2.1 
 
0.2 
 
0. 6 
 
1.1 
 
0.9 
 
1.3 
 
1.8 
 
7.9 
 
10.6 
 
11.9 
 
0.8 
 
0.9 
 
1.1 
 
0.1 
 
0.1 
 
0.3 
 
0.7 
 
0.8 
 
0.8 
 
1.2 
 
4.4 
 
11.3 
 
0.9 
 
2.7 
 
6.6 
 
0.3 
 
1.7 
 
4.7 
 
3.7 
 
4.6 
 
4.4 
 
0.3 
 
0.2 
 
0.3 
 
2.8 
 
3.6 
 
3.2 
 
0.6 
 
0.8 
 
0.9 
 
87.4 
 
112 . 9 
 
142.4 
 
17.3 
 
15.4 
 
13 .6 
 
5.4 
 
6.7 
 
7.6 
 
1.1 
 
0.8 
 
0.5 
 
17.8 
 
24.2 
 
30.8 
 
2.1 
 
3. 1 
 
3.7 
 
2.1 
 
3.0 
 
4.1 
 
6.2 
 
12.3 
 
19.9 
 
0.6 
 
0.7 
 
0.8 
 
0.7 
 
1.5 
 
2.3 
 
12.8 
 
18.6 
 
25.4 
 
1.2 
 
1.3 
 
1.1 
 
2.0 
 
2.6 
 
3.5 
 
11.3 
 
13.3 
 
16.4 
 
2.1 
 
2.8 
 
3.9 
 
4.7 
 
6.6 
 
8.8 
 
Annl a I GrowtllRotes 
 
1960-1967 
 
1967-1975 
 
Per 
 
No. of 
 
Per 
 
No. of 
 
Cent 
 
Jobs 
 
Cent 
 
Jobs 
 
4.2 
 
0.5 
 
2.6 
 
0.4 
 
3.1 
 
0.4 
 
3.2 
 
0.5 
 
-13.1 
 
-0.1 
 
17.0 
 
0.2 
 
17.0 
 
0.1 
 
7.9 
 
0.1 
 
5.4 
 
0.1 
 
4.2 
 
0.1 
 
4.3 
 
0.4 
 
1.5 
 
0.2 
 
1.7 
 
 
 
2. 5 
 
 
 
0 
 
0 
 
14 . 7 
 
1.9 
 
 
 
0 
 
0 
 
20.0 
 
0.5 
 
12.5 
 
0.9 
 
17.0 
 
0.3 
 
l1.8 
 
0.5 
 
28.0 
 
0.2 
 
13.6 
 
0.4 
 
3.2 
 
0.1 
 
0.6 
 
 
 
5.6 
 
 
 
5.2 
 
 
 
3.7 
 
0.1 
 
1.5 
 
0.1 
 
4. 2 
 
 
 
1.5 
 
 
 
3. 7 
 
3.6 
 
2.9 
 
3.7 
 
-1.6 
 
-0.3 
 
-1.5 
 
-0.2 
 
3.1 -4.5 
 
-0.2 
 
1.6 5.7 
 
-0.1 
 
4.5 
 
0.9 
 
3.1 
 
0.8 
 
5.7 
 
0.1 
 
2.2 
 
0.1 
 
5.2 
 
0.1 
 
4.0 
 
0.1 
 
10. 3 
 
0.9 
 
6.2 
 
1.0 
 
2. 2 
 
 
 
1.7 
 
 
 
11.5 
 
0.1 
 
5.5 
 
0.1 
 
5.5 
 
0.8 
 
4.0 
 
0.8 
 
1.1 
 
 
 
-2.1 
 
 
 
3.8 
 
0.1 
 
3.8 
 
0.1 
 
2.4 
 
0.3 
 
2.7 
 
0.4 
 
4.2 
 
0.1 
 
4.2 
 
0.1 
 
5.0 
 
0.3 
 
3.7 
 
0.3 
 
 __;;,:,~ -*"'-~-~~_... 
 
~:}'l_(_L ( ' - 
 
APPENDIX TABLE 2. TOTAL EMPLOYMENT IN GEORGIA, BY MAJOR INDUSTRY GROUP, 1960, 1967 AND PROJECTED 1975, WITH ANNUAL GROWTH RATES, 1960-1967 and 1967-1975 - continued (Employment in Thcusands) 
 
~L-ri._U 
 
Industry ...l/ 
 
Trade, Wholesale 8 Retail 
 
Wholesale trade 
 
Mowr vehicles & equipment 
 
Drugs & chemical 
 
Dry goods & apparel 
 
Groceries & related products 
 
Electrical goods, had ware & plum~ ing 
 
Ma.chinery & equipment 
 
Miscellaneous \\holesale trade 
 
Retail trade 
 
Building materials, I> ardware & farm equipment 
 
Vl 
 
.1:>. 
 
Limited price stores 
 
Other generd merchandise 
 
Food & dairy stores 
 
Auto & accessory dealers 
 
Gas stations 
 
Apparel & accessories 
 
Furniture, furnishings & appliances I 
Eating & drinking places 
 
Drug swres 
 
Other retail swres 
 
Finance, Insurance & Real Estate Banks & credit agencies Srock brokers & investment companie~ Insurance Real estate 
 
Services Hotels & other locging place~ Laundries, cleaners & valet shops All <'ther personal services 
 
1960 
 
Employment Annua I Average 
1967 
 
1975 
 
269.8 69.9 
5.9 4.5 3.0 10.4 10.6 10.7 24.8 199.9 ll.5 8.4 29.5 35.5 21.2 16.0 12.4 10.7 29.0 7.5 18.2 
 
341.0 93.6 
7.8 6.3 2.3 11.7 13.1 18.8 33.6 247.4 12.4 8.4 42.9 41.9 24.4 19.1 14.7 11.4 41.2 9.6 21.4 
 
426.1 120.0 
10.7 7.3 3.9 12.5 18.0 26.2 41.4 306.1 14.3 6.8 62.3 50.7 30.1 23.4 16.8 12.7 53.2 13.0 22.8 
 
55.0 
 
73.4 
 
97.9 
 
18.6 
 
28.1 
 
39.7 
 
1.3 
 
2.1 
 
4.0 
 
25.5 
 
30.9 
 
36.8 
 
9.6 
 
12.3 
 
17.4 
 
329.3 10.8 15.8 12.4 
 
430.2 15.5 19.9 14.9 
 
565.7 21.8 20.1 17.5 
 
Annual Growth Rates 
 
1960~1967 
 
1967-1975 
 
Per 
 
No. of 
 
Per 
 
No. of 
 
Cent 
 
Jobs 
 
Cent 
 
Jobs 
 
3.4 
 
10.2 
 
2.8 
 
10.6 
 
4.3 
 
3.5 
 
3.2 
 
3.3 
 
4.1 
 
0.3 
 
4.0 
 
0.4 
 
4.9 
 
0.2 
 
1.9 
 
0.1 
 
-3.7 
 
-0.1 
 
6.8 
 
0.2 
 
1.7 
 
0.2 
 
0.8 
 
0.1 
 
3.1 
 
0.4 
 
4.1 
 
0.6 
 
8.4 
 
1.2 
 
4.2 
 
0.9 
 
4.4 
 
1.3 
 
2.6 
 
1.0 
 
3.1 
 
6.7 
 
2.7 
 
7.3 
 
1.1 
 
0.1 
 
1.8 
 
0.2 
 
0 
 
0 
 
-2.6 
 
-0.2 
 
5.5 
 
1.9 
 
4.8 
 
2.4 
 
2.4 
 
0.9 
 
2.4 
 
1.1 
 
2.0 
 
0.5 
 
2.7 
 
0.7 
 
2.6 
 
0.4 
 
2.6 
 
0.5 
 
2.5 
 
0.3 
 
1.7 
 
0.3 
 
0.9 
 
0.1 
 
1.4 
 
0.2 
 
5.1 
 
1.7 
 
3.2 
 
1.5 
 
3.6 
 
0.3 
 
3.9 
 
0.4 
 
2.3 
 
0.5 
 
0.8 
 
0.2 
 
4.2 
 
2.6 
 
3.7 
 
3.1 
 
6.1 
 
1.3 
 
4.4 
 
1.5 
 
7.1 
 
0.1 
 
8.4 
 
0.2 
 
2.8 
 
0.8 
 
2.2 
 
0.8 
 
3.6 
 
0.4 
 
4.4 
 
0.6 
 
3.9 
 
14.4 
 
5.3 
 
0.7 
 
3.3 
 
0.6 
 
2.7 
 
0.4 
 
3.5 
 
16.9 
 
4.4 
 
0.8 
 
0.1 
 
2.0 
 
0.3 
 
 ,;.~ .: r. _.:)';.~:.:!'L\ ' 
 
'1,.(')'':.:  
 
~...:.-..~u,_ 
 
APPENDIX TABLE 2. TOTAL EMPLOYMENT IN GEORGIA, BY MAJOR INDUSTRY GROUP, 1960, 1967 AND PROJECTED 1975, WITH ANNUAL GR,OfiTH RATES, 1960-1967 and 1967-1975 - continted 
(Employment in Thousands) 
 
. 
Industry_jl 
 
1960 
 
Em~loyment 
Annual Average 1967 
 
1975 
 
Annual Growth Rates 
 
1960-1967 
 
1967-1975 
 
Per 
 
No. of 
 
Per 
 
No. of 
 
Cent 
 
Jobs 
 
Cent 
 
Jobs 
 
Advertising 
 
Other miscellaneous business service 
 
Auto repair services 
 
Other repair services 
 
Motion pictures & theatres 
 
Miscellaneous entertainment & recreation 
 
Hospitals 
 
Other mecical & health services 
 
Legal services 
 
Educational services 
 
Welfare & religious organizations 
 
Vl Vl 
 
Nonprofit membership organizations 
 
Private households 
 
Engineering & architectural services 
 
Accounting & bookkeeping services 
 
All other professional s'ervices 
 
1.1 12.0 9.8 5.2 3.2 5.9 36.4 14.7 3.1 70.2 24.1 1.7 94.9 5.4 2.4 0.2 
 
1.5 19.6 12.0 6.0 4.2 9.6 46.6 21.0 4.0 106.8 27.0 2.7 107.8 7.5 3.3 0.3 
 
1.9 34.9 14.6 7.8 4.9 12.2 58.9 32.0 5.3 160.0 32.7 3.8 122.6 7.4 6.8 0.5 
 
4.5 
 
0.1 
 
3.\l 
 
0.1 
 
7.3 
 
1.1 
 
7.5 
 
1.9 
 
2.9 
 
0.3 
 
2.5 
 
0.3 
 
2.1 
 
0.1 
 
3-3 
 
0.2 
 
4.0 
 
0.1 
 
1.9 
 
0.1 
 
7.2 
 
0.5 
 
3.0 
 
0.3 
 
3.6 
 
1.5 
 
3.0 
 
1.5 
 
5.2 
 
0.9 
 
5.4 
 
1.4 
 
3.7 
 
0.1 
 
3.6 
 
0.2 
 
6.2 
 
5.2 
 
5.2 
 
6.7 
 
1.6 
 
0.4 
 
2.4 
 
0.7 
 
6.8 
 
0.1 
 
4.4 
 
0.1 
 
1.8 
 
1.8 
 
1.6 
 
1.9 
 
4.8 
 
0.3 
 
-0.2 
 
 
 
4.7 
 
0.1 
 
9.5 
 
0.4 
 
6.0 
 
 
 
6.6 
 
 
 
Public Administration ~ Postal service Other federal public administration State pulolic administration Local public administration 
 
65.2 11.2 36.2 4.4 13.4 
 
92.3 13.7 50.6 8.0 20.0 
 
109.6 15.6 60.1 9.9 24.0 
 
5.1 
 
3.9 
 
2.2 
 
2.2 
 
2.9 
 
0.4 
 
1.6 
 
0.2 
 
4.9 
 
2.1 
 
2.2 
 
1.2 
 
8.9 
 
0.5 
 
2.7 
 
0.3 
 
5.9 
 
0.9 
 
2.3 
 
0.5 
 
 Less than O.I  
.1/ Industry classification is same as that in Table :Z of supplement No. 2 to Tomorrow's Manpower Needs publication of the U. S. Depanment of Labor; 
Bureau of Labor Statistics, and is not fdly comparable to that in Appendix Table 1. 
.JJ Includes farm production and agricultural services, forestry and fisheries . .1/ Includes ordnance, except sighting and fire control equipment (SIC 19, except I94). .Y Includes sighting and fire control equipment (SIC I94). 
_jJ Includes public administration emplo)ment only. Government agencies engaged in educational and medical services and in activities commonly carried on also 
by private er.terprises, su<h as construuion, manufacturing, transportation, etc., are classified in their appropriate industry. 
 
 APPENDIX TABLE 3. TOTAL EMPLOYMENT IN GEORGIA BY OCCUPATION 1960, 1967 AND PROJECTIONS TO 1975 
 
:j 
 
Occupational Title 
 
~ 
 
Total 
 
Professional, Technical, and Kindred 
 
Engineers, technical 
 
Engineers , aeronautical 
 
Engineers , chemical 
 
Engineers , civil 
 
Engineers , electrical 
 
Engineers , industrial 
 
Engineers , mechanical 
 
Engineers , metallurgical 
 
Engineers , mining 
 
Other engineers, technical 
 
Medical, and other health workers 
 
Dentists 
 
Dietitians, nutritionist s 
 
:_\ 
 
:1' 
 
Nurses, professional Optometrists 
 
Osteopaths 
 
Pharmacists 
 
Physicians, surgeons 
 
2sychologists 
 
Technicians, medical, dental 
 
Veterinarians 
 
Other medical and health workers 
 
Teachers 
 
Teachers, elementary 
 
Teac hers, s econdary 
 
Teachers , college 
 
Teachers, other 
 
Natural scientists 
 
Chemist-s 
 
Agricultural scientists 
 
Biological scientists 
 
Geologists, geophysicist s 
 
Mathematicians 
 
Phy sicists 
 
;j 
 
Other natural scientists 
 
Social scientists 
 
.1 
 
Economists 
 
j 
 
Statisticians, actuarie s 
 
Other social scienti sts 
 
T e chnicians except medi cal and dental 
 
Draftsmen 
 
Surveyors 
 
Air traffic co ntrollers 
 
Radio operators 
 
Techn icians , other 
 
Other profes sional, technical and kindred workers 
 
Accountants a nd auditors 
 
Ai rpl ane pilo t s, nav ig ato r s 
 
Arc hitect s 
 
Annual Average Employment 
 
1960 
 
1967 
 
1975 
 
1,380,500 135,840 10 ,920 860 510 2.,850 1,820 . 990 1,860 150 70 1,810 24,000 1,340 560 9 , 370 28.0 210 2,050 3,620 290 2,550 440 3,290 38 ,330 19 , 290 11 ,860 4,050 3, 130 3.,930 1, 440 860 460 140 340 350 340 840 290 420 130 11,290 3,120 870 340 330 6,630 46, 530 7,450 760 650 
. 56 . 
 
1,707,400 186 , 570 17,480 1,820 730 3,840 2,980 1, 720 3,000 260 130 3,000 29.,820 1,480 560 11,750 290 190 2,570 4,330 4.70 4 , 190 560 3,430 52 ,970 23,400 17,390 7,810 4,370 5,880 1,990 1, 170 660 220 680 500 660 1,190 430 580 180 16, 540 4,900 9 40 450 450 9 ,800 6 2 ,69 0 10,940 1,8 30 7 40 
 
2,064,300 266,110 25,860 2,110 1,010 5,490 4,820 2,860 4,090 410 100 4,970 39,560 2,050 710 15,170 330 270 2,800 6,250 780 6,780 540 3,880 72,070 29,040 25,910 10,690 6 , 430 9,400 3,440 1,650 1, 160 340 1.,000 1,140 670 1,860 720 840 300 26,260 5,950 1,690 520 590 17 , 510 9 1, 100 14 ,7 4 0 2,520 790 
 
Net Change 
 
1960.1975 
 
1967-1975 
 
683,800 130,270 
14,940 1,250 500 2,640 3,000 1,870 2,230 260 30 3,160 
15,560 710 150 
5,800 50 60 
750 2,630 
490 4,230 
100 590 33,740 9,750 14,050 6,640 3,300 5, 470 2,000 790 700 200 660 790 330 1,020 430 420 170 14,970 2,830 820 180 260 10,880 44,570 7,290 1,760 140 
 
356,900 79,540 
8,380 290 280 
1,650 1,840 1.,140 1,090 
150 30 1,970 9,740 570 150 3,420 40 80 230 1;920 310 2,590 20 450 19,100 5,640 8,520 2,880 2,060 
3~ 520 
1,450 480 500 120 320 640 10 670 290 260 120 
9,720 1,050 
750 70 140 
7,710 28,410 
3,800 690 50 
 
 APPENDIX TABLE 3. TOTAL EMPLOYMENT IN GEORGIA BY OCCUPATION 1960, 1967 AND PROJECTIONS TO 1975 
 
Occupational Title 
 
Clergymen 
 
Designers except design draftsmen 
 
Ediwrs and reporters 
 
Lawyers and judge s 
 
LibrariaQs 
 
Personnel and labor relations workers 
 
Photographers 
 
Social and welfare workers 
 
Workers in arts, entertainment 
 
Professional, tec hnical, kindred, n.e.c. 
 
Managers, Officials, Proprietor s 
 
Conductors, railroad 
 
Officers, pilots, engineers, ship 
 
C reditmen 
 
:l 
 
Purchasing agents 
 
'1 
 
Postmasters and assistants 
 
Managers , officials, proprietors, n.e.c. 
 
Clerical a nd Kindred Workers 
 
Stenographers, typists, secretari.es 
 
Offic e machine operators 
 
Ocher clerical and kindred workers 
 
Accounting clerks 
 
Bookkeepers, hand 
 
Bank tellers 
 
Cashiers 
 
Mail c arriers 
 
Postal clerks 
 
Shipping, receiving clerks 
 
Telephone operators 
 
Clerical and kindred, n.e .c . 
 
Sales Workers 
 
Insurance agents & brokers 
 
Real estate agent s & brokers 
 
Ocher sales workers, n.e.c. 
 
.'.j 
 
C raftsmen, Foremen and Kindred Construction craft smen 
 
ij 
 
Carpenters 
 
Brickmasons, s cone, rile setter s 
 
Cement, conc re te finishers 
 
Electri c ians 
 
Excavating, grading mac hine operawrs 
 
Painters and paperhangers 
 
Plasterers 
 
Plumbers and pipcfitters 
 
Roofcrs and sl ate rs 
 
Structural metalwork ers 
 
Foremen, n.e .c. 
 
Metalworking, craft smen ex cept mec hani c s 
 
Machini s t s and rel ated occ up ation s 
 
!1lack smiths, for ge men. h amm e rmen 
 
Boil e nn ak c r s 
 
Annual Average Employment 
 
1960 
 
1967 
 
1975 
 
7, 460 1,330 1,220 2.,840 1.570 1,730 
790 2,020 8 ,470 10,240 137,480 
860 
.wo 
1,020 2,060 
77 0 132,370 18 7,6 30 44,010 
7 , 380 136,240 
7,450 13,480 
2 , 520 9,260 4,050 4,790 6,840 6,590 81,260 86,910 10,000 1,600 75,310 157,620 49,700 16,840 3,650 
930 6,480 5,050 8,110 1,010 5,640 1,010 
980 22,100 11 ,690 5,080 
370 290 
. 57 . 
 
4.720 1.940 1,510 3,950 2,270 2 , 730 
890 2,6 30 II ,380 17 ,160 164,300 1,000 
480 1,400 2,970 
780 157 ,670 26 4, 020 
63,970 10,650 189,400 
9,700 17,480 4,440 15,140 4,730 6,070 8,740 8,730 114,370 104,860 15,500 
2,000 87 ,360 210,090 62,810 19,690 
4,900 1,300 8,680 6,500 10, 540 1,240 7,300 1,2 80 I ,380 31,050 16,930 7 ,3 20 
420 560 
 
8,090 2,730 2,1 70 4,400 2,960 3,970 
980 3,640 16, 570 27 ,540 205 ,980 
760 680 2,140 3,550 660 198, 190 339, 300 84,840 16,240 238,220 10 ,980 21' 190 6,560 22 ,080 5,590 6,550 9,720 11,820 143 ,730 132,800 22,000 2,900 107,900 258,580 71,900 21,380 5,340 1,800 10 , 200 8 , 120 10,570 1,450 9,490 I ,650 1,900 39,170 18, 100 6,990 350 4 i0 
 
Net Change 
 
1960-1975 
 
1967-1975 
 
6 30 1,400 
950 1,560 1,390 2,240 
190 1,620 8,100 17,300 68,500 100 
280 L, 120 1,490 110 65 ,820 151 ,670 40,830 8,860 101,980 3,530 7,710 4,040 12,820 1,540 1,760 2,880 5,230 62,470 45,890 12,000 1,300 32,590 100,960 22,200 4,540 1,690 
870 3,720 3,070 2,460 
440 3,850 
640 920 17, 070 6 ,410 1,9 10 20 !50 
 
3,370 790 660 450 690 
1,240 90 
1,010 5,190 10.,380 41,680 240 
200 740 580 120 40,520 75,280 20,870 5,590 48 .,820 1,280 3,710 2,120 6,940 860 480 980 3,090 29,360 27 ,940 6,500 900 
20,540 48 ,490 
9,090 1,690 
440 500 1.,520 1,620 
30 210 2,190 370 520 8,120 I ,170 330 70 1 20 
 
 APPENDIX TABLE 3. TOTAL EMPLOYMENT IN GEORGIA BY OCCUPATION 1960, 1967 AND PROJECTIONS TO 1975 
 
,i 
 
.J 
 
l'' 
 
Occupational Title 
 
Annual Average Employment 
 
.1960 
 
1967 
 
1975 
 
Net Chan9e 
 
19601975 
 
19671975 
 
Hear treaters, annealers , temperers Millwri g ht s Molders, me tal (except co remakers) Pattern makers, metal and wood Roller s and roll hands Sheermeral workers Toolmakers, diemakers, setters 
 
150 
 
230 
 
250 
 
100 
 
20 
 
1,240 
 
1,530 
 
1,900 
 
660 
 
370 
 
290 
 
430 
 
540 
 
250 
 
110 
 
440 
 
670 
 
74 0 
 
300 
 
70 
 
120 
 
180 
 
240 
 
120 
 
60 
 
2,050 
 
3,030 
 
3,770 
 
1,720 
 
740 
 
1,660 
 
2,560 
 
2,880 
 
1,220 
 
320 
 
Mechanics and repairmen 
 
42,140 
 
60,590 
 
78,770 
 
36,630 
 
18,180 
 
Air conditioning , refrigeration & heating mechanics 
 
1,000 
 
1,500 
 
2,200 
 
1, 2 0 0 
 
700 
 
Airplane mechanics and repairmen 
 
Motor vehicle mechanics 
 
Office .machine mechanics 
 
Radio and T.V. mechanics 
 
Railroad 'and car shop mechanics 
 
Other mechanics and repairmen 
 
,:~, 
 
Printing trades craftsmen 
 
' 
 
Compositors and typesetters 
 
Electrotypers and stereotypers 
 
Engravers except photoengravers 
 
Photoengravers, lithographers 
 
Pressmen and plate printers 
 
Transportation, and public utility craftsmen 
 
Linemen and servicemen 
 
.j 
 
Locomotive engineers 
 
Locomotive firemen 
 
Other craftsmen and kindred workers 
 
Bakers 
 
Cabinetmakers 
 
Cranemen, derrick, hoistmen 
 
Glaziers 
 
Jewelers and watchmakers 
 
Loomfixers 
 
Opticians , lens grinders 
 
Inspectors, log and lumber 
 
Inspectors, other 
 
'l 
 
Upholsterers 
 
Craftsmen, kindred, n.e.c. 
 
Operatives and Kindred Workers .:1 
Drivers and deliverymen 
1 
Drivers, bus, uuck, trac tor 
 
Deliverymen, routemen 
 
Semiskilled metalworkers 
 
Ass embl ers, metalworking, Class A 
 
Assemblers, metalworking, Class B 
 
Inspectors, metalworking, Class B 
 
Machine tool operators, Class B 
 
E lectr oplaters 
 
Electroplater helpers 
 
Furnacemen , sme lterme n 
 
Hearer s, me t al 
 
\\'elders, flam ec utters 
 
2,780 
15,730 930 
2,020 780 
18,900 3,580 2,190 90 160 260 880 6,920 5,200 890 830 21,490 2,320 1,430 1,560 310 640 2,680 240 790 1,690 1,230 8,600 
278,630 49,130 38,060 11,070 13,320 690 4,070 1,450 2,2 90 80 140 260 30 4, 310 
 
5,250 
20,750 1,650 2,650 860 
27,930 4,490 2,600 80 220 440 1,150 9,160 7, 710 960 490 25,060 2,580 1,550 2,180 420 740 2,860 310 760 2,020 1,410 10 ,230 
361,670 59,990 45 ,850 14,1 40 22 ,500 1,450 6, 480 2,530 3, 730 160 270 420 50 7,4 10 
 
5, 710 
23,590 2,470 3,070 750 
40,980 5,330 2,580 70 270 810 1,600 11,850 10,900 840 110 33,460 2,820 1,800 3,010 670 690 3,030 340 950 2,830 1,790 15,530 
407,270 79,890 60,210 19,680 24,980 l ,510 6,570 2,630 3,330 180 280 520 70 9,890 
 
2,930 
7,860 1,540 1,050 
30 22,080 
1,750 390 20 110 550 720 
4,930 5,700 
50  720 11,970 500 370 1,450 
360 50 350 100 160 
1,140 560 
6,930 128,640 
30,760 22,150 
8,610 11,660 
820 2,500 l, 180 1,040 
100 140 260 40 5,580 
 
460 
2,840 820 420 110 
13,050 840 20 10 50 370 450 
2,690 3,190 120 380 8,400 
240 250 830 250 50 170 
30 190 810 380 5,300 45,600 19 , 9 0 0 14,360 5,540 2,480 
60 90 100 -400 20 10 100 20 2,480 
 
. 58 - 
 
 APPENDIX TABLE 3. TOTAL EMPLOYMENT IN GEORGIA BY OCCUPATION 1960, 1967 AND PROJECTIONS TO 1975 
 
Occupational Title 
 
Transportation and public utility operators Brakemen, switchmen Powerstation operators Sailors and deckhands 
 
Semiskilled textile occupations 
 
Knitters,. loopers, toppers 
 
Spinners, textile 
 
Weavers, textile 
 
Sewers and stitchers, manufacturing 
 
Other' operatives and kindred 
 
Asbestos, insulation workers 
 
Attendant, auto service, parking 
 
Blasters and powdermen 
 
,. 
 
Laundry, dry cleaning operators 
 
,,ij 
 
Mine operatives, laborers, n.e.c. 
 
~~ 
 
Meat cutters, except meat packing 
 
Operatives and kindred, n.e.c. 
 
Service Workers Private household workers 
 
Protective service Firemen Policemen, other law enforcement officers 
 
Guards, watchmen, doorkeepers 
 
Food service workers 
 
Bartenders 
 
Cooks except private household 
 
Counter, fountain workers 
 
Waiters, waitresses 
 
Other service workers 
 
Airline stewards, stewardesses 
 
Attendants, hospital and other 
 
Charwomen and cleaners 
 
Janitors and sextons 
 
Nurses, practical 
 
:.~ 
 
Other service workers, n.e.c. 
 
..-.:1 
 
Laborers except Farm and Mine 
 
-;1 
 
Farmers and Farm Workers 
 
Annual Average Employment 
 
1960 
 
1967 
 
1975 
 
2,770 2,000 
400 370 42,880 4,810 5,310 6,510 26,250 170,530 330 Y,170 
70 9,240 2,120 3,830 145,770 
189,700 81,370 12,210 2,190 4,170 5,850 26,410 2,380 8,920 2,640 12,470 69,710 390 9,190 4,140 12,780 5,410 37,800 83,370 123,320 
 
3,040 2,100 
490 450 60,720 5,610 5,690 7,090 42,330 215,420 460 10,830 100 10,940 2,040 4,690 186,360 
236,810 94,730 16,110 3,050 6,230 6,830 37,500 3,260 12,430 4,460 17,350 88,470 960 13,720 5,600 17,280 6,460 44,450 92,080 87,000 
 
3,060 1,880 
650 530 58,970 5,590 3,680 4,950 44,750 240,370 590 14,080 130 11,640 2,180 5,220 206,530 
300,140 110,690 
18,260 3,410 7, 150 7,700 
51,900 4,270 17,400 6,670 23,560 
119,290 1,790 
19,430 8,060 23,060 8,420 58,530 94,760 59,360 
 
Net Change 
 
1960-1975 
 
1967-1975 
 
290 120 250 
160 16,090 
780 1,630 1,560 18,500 69,840 
260 4,910 
60 2,400 
60 1,390 60,760 
110,440 29,320 
6,050 1,220 2,980 1,850 25,490 1,890 8,480 4,030 11,090 49,580 1,400 10,240 3,920 10,280 3,010 20,730 11,390 63,960 
 
20 220 
160 80 1, 750 20 -2,010 2, 140 2,420 24,950 130 3,250 30 700 140 530 20,170 
63,330 15,960 
2,150 360 920 870 
14,400 1,010 4,970 2,210 6,210 
30,820 830 
5, 710 2,460 5,780 1,960 14,080 2,680 27,640 
 
- 59  
 
 APPENDIX TABLE 4. EXPANSION AND REPLACEMENT NEEDS BY OCCUPATION IN GEORGIA FROM 
1967 - 1975 
 
Occupation 
 
Expansion Needs 
1967-1975 
 
Total 
 
356,900 
 
Professional, Technical, and Kindred 
 
79,540 
 
Engineers, tee hnical 
 
I 
 
Engineers, aeronautical 
 
Engineers, chemical 
 
8,380 290 280 
 
Engineers, civil 
 
1,650 
 
Engineers, electrical 
 
1,840 
 
I 
 
Engineers, industrial 
 
1,140 
 
Engineers, mechanical 
 
1,090 
 
Engineers, metallurgical 
 
150 
 
Engineers, mining 
 
-30 
 
Other engineers, technical 
 
1,970 
 
Medical, and other health workers 
 
9,740 
 
Dentist 
 
570 
 
Dietitians, nutritionists 
 
150 
 
Nurses, professional 
 
3,420 
 
Optometrists 
 
40 
 
Osteopaths 
 
80 
 
Pharmacists 
 
230 
 
Physicians, surgeons 
 
1,920 
 
Psychologists 
 
310 
 
Technicians, medical, dental Veterinarians 
 
2,590 -20 
 
Other medical and health workers 
 
450 
 
Teachers 
 
19,100 
 
Teachers, ele~entary 
 
5,640 
 
Teachers, secondary 
 
8,520 
 
Teachers, c ollege 
 
2,880 
 
Teachers, other 
 
2,060 
 
Natural scientists 
 
3,520 
 
Chemists 
 
1,450 
 
Agricultural scientis ts 
 
480 
 
Biological scientists Geologists, geophysicists ' Mathematicians Physicists Other natural scientists Social scientists Economists Statisticians, actuaries Other social scientists Technicians except medical and dental Draftsmen Surveyors Air traffic controllers Radio operators Techni c ians , other Other profes sional , technical and kindred workers Ac countants and auditors Airplane pilo.ts , nav i gators Archit ec ts 
 
500 120 320 640 
10 670 290 260 120 9,720 1,050 750 
70 140 7,710 28 ,410 3,800 69 0 
50 
 
- 60 - 
 
Replacement 
Needs 
1967-1975 
429,670 50,860 2,240 100 60 710 310 200 400 30 10 410 10,530 350 240 4,950 60 50 600 1,060 110 1,730 90 1,290 18,430 9,180 5,800 1,870 1,580 810 240 170 160 20 120 50 50 290 100 140 50 2,360 350 130 20 30 1,830 16, 200 2,4 30 230 150 
 
Total Demand 
1967-1975 
786,570 130,400 
10,620 400 340 
2,360 2,150 1, 340 1,490 
180 -20 2,380 20,270 920 390 8 , 370 100 130 830 2,980 420 4,320 70 1,740 37,530 14,820 14, 320 4,750 3,640 4,330 1,690 650 660 140 440 690 60 
960 
390 400 170 12,080 1,400 880 
90 170 9,540 44,610 6,230 920 20 0 
 
 APPENDIX TABLE 4. EXPANSION AND REPLACEMEJ\T NEEDS BY OCCUPATION IN GEC RGIA FROM 1967 - 1975 - co~tinued 
 
Oceupatior 
 
E x p a n s i c on 
Needs 
1967-1975 
 
Replacement Needs 
1967-1975 
 
Total Demand 
1967-1975 
 
C lergymen 
 
3,370 
 
Designers except design draft s men 
 
790 
 
Editors and reporters 
 
660 
 
Lawyers and judges 
 
450 
 
Librarians 
 
690 
 
Personnel and labor relations workers 
 
1,240 
 
Photographers 
 
90 
 
Social and welfare workers 
 
1,010 
 
Workers in arcs , .entertainment 
 
5,190 
 
Professional, technical, kindred, n.e.c. 
 
10,380 
 
Managers, Officials, Proprietors 
 
41,680 
 
Conductors, railroad 
 
-240 
 
Officers, pilots, engineers, ship 
 
200 
 
Credicmen 
 
740 
 
Purchasing agents 
 
580 
 
Postmasters and assistants 
 
-120 
 
Managers, officials, proprietors, n.e.c. 
 
40,520 
 
Clerical and Kindred Workers 
 
75,280 
 
Stenographers, typists, secretaries 
 
20,870 
 
Office machine operators 
 
5,590 
 
Other clerical, kindred workers 
 
48,820 
 
Accounting clerks 
 
1,280 
 
Bookkeepers, hand 
 
3,710 
 
Bank tellers 
 
2,120 
 
Cashiers 
 
6,940 
 
Mail carriers 
 
860 
 
_., Postal clerks 
 
480 
 
l 
 
Shipping, receiving clerks 
 
Telephone operators .I 
Clerical and kindred, n.e.c. 
 
980 3,090 29,360 
 
Sales Workers 
 
27,940 
 
Insurance agents and brokers 
 
6,500 
 
Real estate agents and brokers 
 
900 
 
Ocher sales workers, n.e.c. 
 
20,540 
 
C raftsmen, Foremen and Kindred 
 
48,490 
 
,.... 
 
Cons cruction craftsmen 
 
.~.~ 
 
Carpenters 
 
9,090 1,690 
 
Br ickmasons, stone, tile setters 
 
440 
 
Cement, concrete finishers 
 
500 
 
Electricians 
 
1,520 
 
Exca vacing, grading machine operators 
 
1,620 
 
Painters and paperhangers Plasterers PI umbers and pip efi tee rs 
 
30 210 2,190 
 
Roofers and slaters 
 
370 
 
Structural metalworkers 
 
520 
 
Fo remen, n.e.c. 
 
8,120 
 
Metalworking, c rafts men except mechanics 
 
1,170 
 
Machinists and related occupation s 
 
-330 
 
Blacksmiths, fo rgemen., hammermen 
 
-70 
 
Boilermakers 
 
-120 
 
- 61 - 
 
1,330 440 470 970 
1, u b 
620 160 1,010 3,550 3,730 36,990 270 100 320 470 240 35,590 94,550 30,360 . 4,200 59,990 3,400 6,390 1,790 5,880 660 990 1,320 4,ll0 35,450 27,470 3,000 830 23,640 34,020 10,540 3,780 610 190 1,210 760 2,110 180 1,210 230 260 5,340 2 ,640 1,150 110 80 
 
4,700 1,230 1,130 1,420 1,800 1, 86 0 
250 2,020 8,740 .14,110 78,670 
30 300 1,060 1,050 120 76, 110 169,830 51,230 9,790 108,810 4,680 10,100 3,910 12,820 1, 520 1,470 2,300 7,200 64,810 55,410 9,500 1,730 44,180 82, 510 19,630 5,470 1,050 690 2,730 2,380 2,140 390 3,400 600 780 13,460 3,810 820 40 -40 
 
 APPENDIX 1 ABLE 4. EXPANSION AND REF LACEMENT NEEDS BY OCCUPATION IN GEORGIA FRCM 1967 - 1975 - continued 
 
Occ uprotion 
 
Expansion Needs 
1967-1975 
 
Heat treaters, annealers, temperers 
 
20 
 
Millwrights 
 
370 
 
Mold~rs, m~tal (exc~pt cor~mak~rs) 
 
110 
 
Patt~rn mak~rs, m~tal and wood 
 
70 
 
Roll~rs and roll hands 
 
60 
 
sh~~tmetal work~rs 
 
740 
 
Toolmak~rs, di~mak~rs, s~tters 
M~chanics and repairm~n Air conditioning, r~frig~ration & heating m~chanics 
 
320 18,180 
700 
 
Airplan~ m~chanics and repairmen 
 
460 
 
Motor vehicle mechanics Offic~ machin~ mechanics 
 
2,840 820 
 
Radio and T.V. mechanics Railroad and car shop m~chanics 
 
420 -110 
 
Oth~r m~chanics and repairmen Printing trad~s craftsm~n 
 
13,050 840 
 
Compositors and typ~sett~rs 
 
-20 
 
El~ctrotypers and ster~otyp~rs 
 
-10 
 
Engrav~rs ~xc~pt photo~ngrav~rs 
 
50 
 
Photo.~ngra v~rs, I ithograph~rs 
 
Pr~ssmen and plat~ print~rs 
 
TransporH.tion, and public utility craftsmen 
 
Lin~m~ :~ and s~rvicem~n Locor,H tiv~ engi.n~~rs 
 
.I 
 
Locomotiv~ firem~n 
Oth~r craftsm~n and kindr~d workers 
 
Bak~rs Cabin~tmak~rs 
 
Cranemen, derrickmen, hoistmen 
 
Glaziers J~w~l~rs and watchmak~rs 
 
Loomfix~rs 
Opticians, lens grinders, polishers 
 
lnsp~ctors, log and lumb~r 
 
Insp~ctors, oth~r 
 
Upholsterers Craftsmen and kindred, n.e.c. 
 
. l 
 
Operatives and Kindred Workers Driv~rs and d~liv~rym~n 
 
I 
 
Driv~rs, bus, truck, tractor 
 
Deliverymen, routemen, cab drivers 
 
s~miskill~d metalwork~rs 
Assembl~rs, metalworking, Class A Ass~mbl~rs, metalworking, Class B Insp~ctors, m~talworking, Class B ~lachine tool operators, Class B 
 
El~ctroplat~rs 
Electroplater help~rs furnacemen , smeltermen , pourers 
 
Heaters. metal 
 
Welders , flamec utters 
 
370 450 2,690 3,190 -120 -380 8,400 240 250 830 250 -50 170 
30 190 810 380 5,300 45,600 19,9.00 14,360 5,540 2,480 
60 90 IOO -400 20 10 100 20 2,480 
 
- 62 - 
 
Rep I acement Needs 
1967-1975 
40 260 60 110 30 410 390 8,980 190 440 2,3]0 150 210 170 5, 510 690 390 
10 20 100 170 1,020 670 320 30 4,810 590 350 350 50 150 400 40 140 470 220 2,050 72,830 6,980 5,090 1,890 2,840 150 1,010 330 400 20 30 60 10 830 
 
Total 
Demand 
1967-1975 
60 630 170 180 
90 1' 150 
710 27,160 
890 900 5,150 970 630 
60 18,560 
1,530 370 0 70 470 620 
3,710 3,860 
200 -350 13,210 830 600 1, ~ 80 300 100 570 
70 330 1,280 GOO 7,350 118,430 26 ,880 19,450 7,430 5,320 210 1, 100 
:i30 0 
.10 40 
((, 0 
30 3,310 
 
 APPF.NDIX TABLE 4. EXPANSION AND REPLACEMENT NEEDS BY OCCUPATION IN GEORGIA FROM 
1967 - 1975 - continued 
 
o~cupation 
 
Transportation and public utility opera.tors 
 
Brakemen, switchmen 
 
Powerstation operators 
 
Sailors and deckhands 
 
Semiskilled textile occupations 
 
Knitters, loopers, toppers 
 
Spinners, textile 
 
Weavers, textile 
 
Sewers and stitchers, manufacturing 
 
Other operatives and kindred 
 
Asbestos, insulation workers 
 
Attendant, auto service, parking 
 
Blasters and powdermen 
 
';:1 
 
Laundry, dry cleaning operators 
 
Mine operatives, laborers, n.e.c. 
 
Meat cutters, except meat packing 
 
Operatives and kindred, n.e.c. 
 
Service Workers 
 
Private household workers 
 
Protective service 
 
Firemen 
 
.I 
 
Policemen, other law enforcement officers 
 
Guards, watchmen, doorkeepers 
.I 
Food service workers 
 
. -1 
 
Bartenders 
 
Copks except private household 
 
Counter, fountain workers 
 
Waiters, waitresses 
 
Other service workers 
 
Airline stewards, stewardesses 
 
Attendants, hospital and other institutions 
 
Charwomen and cleaners 
 
Janitors and sextons 
 
Nurses, practical 
 
Other service workers, n.e.c. 
 
Laborers except Farm and Mine 
 
F arrners and Farm Workers 
 
Expansion Needs 
1967-1975 
20 -220 160 
80 1, 750 
-20 2,010 -2,140 2,420 24,950 
130 3,250 
30 700 140 530 20,170 63,330 15,960 2,150 360 920 870 14,400 1,010 4,970 2,210 6,210 30,820 830 5,710 2,460 5,780 1,960 14,080 2,680 -27,640 
 
Repl11cement Needs 
19.7-1975 
440 290 90 
60 19,020 
1,630 1,180 1,230 14,980 43,550 
60 1,000 
10 3,460 
240 790 37,990 88,370 38,620 3,920 670 750 2,500 13,390 750 4,720 1,580 6,340 32,440 550 4,610 2,150 6,450 3,330 15,350 12,710 11,870 
 
Total Demar.d 
1967-1975 
460 70 
250 140 17,270 1,610 830 -910 17,400 68,500 190 4,250 
40 4,160 
380 1,320 58,160 151,700 54,580 6,070 1,030 1,670 3,370 27 '790 1,760 9,690 3,790 12,550 63,260 1,380 10,320 4,610 12,230 5,290 29,430 15,390 15,770 
 
- 63 - 
 
 APPENDIX TABLE 5. ESTIMATED AVERAGE ANNUAL NEW JOB ENIRANTS EXPERIENCED FROM 19601967 AND PROJECTED REQUIRED FROM 1967-1975 BY OCCUPATION IN GEORGIA 
 
-:1 
:fj 
j 
 
;~ 
'1 
 
Occupation 
 
Annual Average New Job Entrants 
 
Experienced 
 
Projected 
 
Ratio of Projected 
 
Need 
 
Required 
 
Required 
 
1960-1967 
 
1967-1975 
 
To Experienced Need 
 
Total 
 
90,450 
 
Professional, Technical, and Kindred 
 
11,950 
 
Engineers, technical 
 
1,120 
 
Engineers, aeronautical 
 
150 
 
Engineers, chemical 
 
40 
 
Engineers, c ivi I 
 
200 
 
Engineers , electrical 
 
190 
 
Engineers, industrial 
 
120 
 
Engineers, mechanical 
 
190 
 
Engineers, metallurgical 
 
20 
 
Engineers, mi 'n'ing 
 
10 
 
Ocher engineers, technical 
 
200 
 
Medical, and ocher health workers 
 
.,,; 
 
;:~ 
 
Dentist 
 
:;j 
:::. 
 
Dietitians, nutritionists 
 
Nurses, professional 
 
1,880 60 30 
830 
 
Optometrists 
 
10 
 
Osteopaths 
 
10 
 
Pharmacists 
 
140 
 
Physicians, surgeons 
 
200 
 
Psychologists 
 
40 
 
Technicians , medical, dental 
 
360 
 
Veterinarians 
 
30 
 
Other medical and heal-th workers 
 
170 
 
Teachers 
 
3,820 
 
Teachers, elementary 
 
1,530 
 
Teachers, secondary 
 
1, 280 
 
Teachers, college 
 
690 
 
Teachers , ocher 
 
320 
 
Natural scientists 
 
350 
 
'I 
 
Chemists 
 
100 
 
Agricultural sc ientiscs 
 
60 
 
Biological scientists 
 
40 
 
Geologists, geophysicists 
 
10 
 
..~~ 
 
.'-'~ 
 
Mathematicians 
 
60 
 
;l 
Physic ists 
 
20 
 
:1 
 
Ocher natural scientists 
 
60 
 
:1 
 
1 
 
So.cial scientists 
 
70 
 
Economists 
 
30 
 
Statisticians, actuaries 
 
30 
 
Other social scientists 
 
10 
 
Technicians, except medical and dental 
 
930 
 
Draftsmen 
 
280 
 
Suryeyors 
 
20 
 
Air traffic contro llers 
 
20 
 
Radio operators 
 
20 
 
Technicians, ocher Ocher professional, technical and kindred workers 
Accountants and auditors Airplane pilots , navigators 
 
590 3,780 
720 170 
 
Architects 
 
- 64 - 
 
30 
 
104,370 16,610 1, 340 50 40 300 270 170 190 20 0 300 2,760 110 260 1,050 20 20 110 370 50 540 10 220 4,710 1,860 1,800 590 460 550 210 80 80 20 60 90 10 130 50 50 30 1,500 170 110 10 20 1,190 5,620 780 120 30 
 
1.15 1.39 1.20 
.33 1.00 1.50 1.42 1.42 1.00 1.00 
1.50 1.47 1.83 8.67 1.27 2.00 2.00 
.79 1.85 1.25 1.50 
.33 1.29 1.23 1.22 1.41 
.86 1.44 1.57 2.10 1.33 2.00 2.00 1.00 4.50 
.17 1.86 1.67 1.67 3.00 1.61 
.61 5.50 
.so 
1.00 2.02 1.49 1.08 
.71 1.00 
 
..--.... 
 
 APPENDIX TABLE 5. ESTIMATED AVERAGE ANNUAL NEW JOB ENTRANTS EXPERIENCED FROM 19601967 AND PROJECTED REQUIRED FROM 1967-1975 BY OCCUPATION IN GEORGIA- continued 
 
Occupation 
 
Annual Average Hew Job Entrants 
 
Experienced 
 
Projected 
 
Ratio of Projected 
 
Heed 
 
Required 
 
Required 
 
1960-1967 
 
1967-1975 
 
To Experienced Heed 
 
Clergymen Designers except design draftsmen 
 
-230 130 
 
590 
 
3.57 
 
160 
 
1.23 
 
Editors and reporters 
 
80 
 
140' 
 
1. 75 
 
Lawyers and judges 
 
260 
 
180 
 
.69 
 
Librarians 
 
200 
 
230 
 
1.15 
 
Personnel and labor relations workers 
 
190 
 
240 
 
1.26 
 
Photographers 
 
30 
 
30 
 
1.00 
 
Social and welfare workers 
 
180 
 
260 
 
1.44 
 
Workers in arts, entertainment 
 
740 
 
1,090 
 
1.47 
 
Professional, technical, kindred, n.e.c. 
 
1,280 
 
1,770 
 
1.38 
 
Managers, Officials, Proprietors 
 
7,610 
 
9,840 
 
1.29 
 
Conductors, railroad 
 
60 
 
0 
 
Officers, pilots, engineers, ship 
 
20 
 
40 
 
2.00 
 
Creditmen Purchasing agents Postmasters and assistants 
 
80 
 
130 
 
1.63 
 
180 
 
130 
 
.72 
 
30 
 
20 
 
.67 
 
Managers, officials, proprietors, n.e.c. 
 
7,240 
 
9,520 
 
1.31 
 
Clerical and Kindred Workers Stenographers, typists, secretaries 
 
19,920 5,600 
 
21,250 6,410 
 
1.07 1.14 
 
Office machine operators 
 
820 
 
1,230 
 
1.50 
 
Other clerical and kindred workers 
 
13,500 
 
13,610 
 
1.01 
 
Accounting clerks Bookkeepers, hand 
 
670 
 
590 
 
.88 
 
1,210 
 
1,260 
 
1.04 
 
.I 
 
Bank tellers 
 
Cashiers 
 
410 
 
490 
 
1.20 
 
1,320 
 
1,610 
 
1.22 
 
Mail carriers 
 
170 
 
190 
 
1.12 
 
Postal clerks 
 
290 
 
180 
 
.62 
 
Shipping, receiving clerks 
 
650 
 
290 
 
.45 
 
Telephone operators 
 
690 
 
900 
 
1.30 
 
Clerical and kindred, n.e.c. 
 
8,090 
 
8,100 
 
1.00 
 
Sales Workers 
 
5,370 
 
6,930 
 
1.29 
 
Insurance agents & brokers 
 
1,050 
 
1,190 
 
1.13 
 
Real estate agents & brokers 
 
140 
 
210 
 
1.50 
 
Other sales workers, n.e.c. 
 
4,180 
 
5,530 
 
1.32 
 
Craftsmen, Foremen and Kindred 
 
10,900 
 
9,870 
 
.91 
 
Construction craftsmen 
 
2,990 
 
2,450 
 
.82 
 
Carpenters 
 
830 
 
680 
 
.82 
 
Brickmasons, stone, tile setters 
 
240 
 
140 
 
.58 
 
Cement, concrete finishers 
 
70 
 
80 
 
1.14 
 
Electricians 
 
430 
 
340 
 
.79 
 
Excavating, grading machine operators 
 
290 
 
300 
 
1.03 
 
I 
 
Painters and paperhangers 
 
I 
 
Plasterers Plumbers and pipefitters 
 
580 
 
260 
 
.45 
 
50 
 
50 
 
1.00 
 
360 
 
420 
 
1.17 
 
Roofers and slaters 
 
60 
 
80 
 
1.33 
 
Structural metal workers 
 
80 
 
100 
 
1.25 
 
Foremen, n.e.c. 
 
1, 790 
 
1,690 
 
.94 
 
Metalworking, craftsmen except mechanics 
 
1,020 
 
450 
 
.44 
 
Machinists and related occupations Blacksmiths, forgemen, hammermen 
 
440 
 
100 
 
.23 
 
20 
 
0 
 
 
 
Boilermakers 
 
50 
 
-10 
 
-.20 
 
- 65 - 
 
 1\Pt'.tNUl.A 11\.I:SL.t :>  .t~llMAl.tU AV.tKAu.l;. ANNUAL N.tW JUtl .t.NTKANT~ EXPERIENCED FROM 1960-1967 AND PROJECTED REQUIRED FROM 1967-1975 BY OCCUPATION IN GEORGIA- continued 
 
j 
 
i 
~ 
 
Occupation 
 
j 
 
Hear crearers, annealers, remperers 
 
Millwrighrs 
 
Molders , meral (e x cepe core makers) 
 
Panern makers , meral and wood 
 
Roflers and roll hands 
 
Sheermeral workers 
 
Toolmakers , diemakers , seners 
 
Mechanic s and repairmen 
 
-I 
 
Air condirioning, refrigerarion & hearing mechanics 
 
Airplane mechanics and repairmen 
 
Moror vehicle mechanics 
 
Office machine mechanics 
 
Radio and T. V. mechanics 
 
Railroad and car shop mechanics 
 
:1 r..1 
 
Ocher mechanics and repairmen 
 
1~.' 
~,~ 
 
Priming crades crafrsmen Composirors and rypeseuers 
 
Eleccrorypers and srereorypers 
 
Engravers excepr phoroengravers 
 
Phoroengravers, lirhographers 
 
Pressmen and place primers 
 
Transporrarion, and public uriliry crafrsmen 
 
Linemen and servicemen 
 
Locomorive engineers 
 
Locomorive firemen 
 
1 
 
I 
 
Ocher crafrsmen and kindred workers 
 
Bakers 
 
Cabinermakers 
 
Cranemen, derrickmen, hoisrmen 
 
Glaziers 
 
Jewe lers and warchmakers 
 
Loomfixers 
 
Opricians, lens grinders, polishers 
 
lnspecror s , log and lumber 
 
lnspe crors, ocher 
 
1 
;~l 
 
Uphol srerers 
 
;~! 
 
Crafrsmen, kindred, n.e.c . 
 
:j 
 
Operarives and Kindred Workers 
 
<i 
 
Drivers and deliverymen Drivers, bus, cruck, rracror 
 
Deliverymen, rouremen, cab drivers 
 
Semiskilled meralworkers 
 
Assemble rs , meralwork ing, Class A 
 
Assemblers, meralworking, Class B 
 
lnspecrors, meralworking, Class B 
 
Machine cool operarors, Class B 
 
Elecrroplarers 
 
E lec rroplarer he lpers 
 
Furnaceme n, sme lrermen, pourers 
 
He arer s, me cal 
 
We lder s, fl a mec ut te rs 
 
Annual Average New Job Entrants 
 
Experienced 
 
Projected 
 
Ratio of Projected 
 
Need 
 
Required 
 
Required 
 
1969-1967 
 
1967-1975 To Experienced Need 
 
10 70 30 40 10 180 170 3,450 90 390 960 110 110 30 1, 760 210 100 
() 
10 40 60 420 420 40 -40 1,020 110 50 120 20 30 80 20 20 100 50 420 19,470 2,230 1,610 620 1,560 120 440 180 250 10 20 30 
0 510 
- 66 - 
 
0 80 20 20 10 140 90 3,4 10 110 120 650 120 80 10 2,3 20 200 50 
0 10 60 80 460 480 30 
-so 
1,210 100 70 140 40 10 70 10 40 160 80 490 
20,930 2, 430 1,750 680 1,650 130 4 70 190 260 10 20 30 0 54 0 
 
1.1 4 .67 
.so 
1.00 .78 .53 .99 1.22 .31 .68 1.09 .73 .33 1.32 .95 
.so 
0 1.00 1.50 1.33 1.10 1.14 
.75 1.25 1.19 
.91 1.40 1.17 2.00 .33 .88 
.so 
2.00 1.60 1.60 1.1 7 1.08 1.09 1.09 1.10 1.06 1.08 1.07 1.06 1.04 1.00 1.00 
r.oo 
0 1.06 
 
 .. 1 
 
APPENDIX TABLE 5. ESTIMATED AVERAGE ANNUAL NEW JOB ENTRANTS 
 
EXPERIENCED FROM 1960-1967 AND PROJECTED REQUIRED FROM 
 
1967-1975 BY OCCUPATION IN GEORGIA -continued 
 
Occupat ion 
Transportation and public utility operators Brakemen, switchmen Powerstation operators Sailors and deckhands 
Semiskilled textile occupations Knitters, loopers, toppers Spinners, textile Weavers, textile Sewers and stitchers, manufacturing 
Other operatives and kindred Asbestos, insulation workers Attendant, auto service, parking Blasters and powdermen Laundry, dry cleaning operators Mine operatives, laborers, n.e.c. Meat cutters, except meat packing 
"i 
Operatives and kindred, n.e.c. Service Workers 
Private household workers Protective service 
Firemen Policemen, ocher law enforcement officers Guards, watchmen, doorkeepers Food service workers Bartenders Cooks except private household Counter, fountain workers Waiters, waitresses Other service workers Airline stewards, stewardesses Attendants, hospital and other institutions Charwomen and cleaners Janitors and sextons Nurses, practical Other service workers, n.e.c. Laborers except Farm and Mine Farmers and Farm Workers 
 
Annual Average New Job Entrants 
 
Experienced 
 
Projected 
 
Ratio of Pro jected 
 
Need 
 
Required 
 
Required 
 
1960-1967 
 
19671975 
 
To Experienced Need 
 
90 50 20 20 4,540 300 220 250 3,770 11,050 30 340 
0 630 
20 210 9,820 15 , 560 6,050 960 190 360 410 2,790 200 920 390 1,280 5, 760 110 1,050 400 1,240 480 2,480 2,730 -3,060 
 
90 50 20 20 4,920 310 200 240 4, 170 11,840 30 360 
0 670 
20 210 10,550 18,990 6,830 760 130 210 420 3,480 220 1,210 480 1,570 7,920 170 1,290 580 1,530 670 3,680 1,930 -1,980 
 
1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.08 1.03 
.91 .96 1.11 1.07 1.00 1.06 
0 1.06 1.00 1.00 1.07 1.22 1.13 
.79 . 68 .58 1.02 1.25 1.10 1.32 1.23 1.23 1.38 1.55 1.23 I .45 1.23 1.40 1.48 . 71 .65 
 
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