Timeline of the holocaust: 1933-1945 Museum of tolerance January 30 March 22 April 1 April 7 May 10 1933 Adolf Hitler appointed Chancellor of Germany Dachau concentration camp opens Boycott of Jewish shops and businesses Laws for Re-establishment of the Civil Service barred Jews from holding civil service, university, and state positions Public burnings of books written by Jews, political dissidents, and others not approved by the state July 14 Law stripping East European Jewish immigrants of German citizenship September 15 November 15 1935 "Nuremberg Laws": Anti-Jewish racial laws enacted; Jews no longer considered German citizens; Jews could not marry Aryans; nor could they fly the German flag Germany defines a "Jew": Anyone with three Jewish grandparents; someone with two Jewish grandparents who identifies as a Jew March 3 July 1936 Jewish doctors barred from practicing medicine in German institutions Sachsenhausen concentration camp opens July 15 1937 Buchenwald concentration camp opens March 13 1938 Anschluss (incorporation of Austria): All anti-Semitic decrees immediately applied in Austria April 26 August 1 Mandatory registration of all property held by Jews inside the Reich Adolf Eichmann establishes the Office of Jewish Emigration in Vienna to increase the pace of forced emigration Munich Conference: Great Britain and France agree to German occupation September 30 of the Sudentenland, previously western Czechoslovakia October 5 Following request by Swiss authorities, Germans mark all Jewish passports with a large letter "J" to restrict Jews from immigrating to Switzerland Kristallnacht (Night of Broken Glass): Anti-Jewish program in Germany, Austria, and the Sudetenland; 200 synagogues destroyed; 7,500 Jewish November 9-10 shops looted; 30,000 male Jews sent to concentration camps (Dachau, Buchenwald, Sachsenhausen) November 12 Decree forcing all Jews to transfer retail businesses to Aryan hands November 15 December 12 All Jewish pupils expelled from German schools One billion mark fine levied against German Jews for the destruction of property during Kristallnacht March 15 September 1 September 3 October 28 November 23 1939 Germans occupy Czechoslovakia Germany invades Poland Beginning of World War II: Britain and France declare war on Germany First Polish ghetto established in Piotrkow Jews in German-occupied Poland forced to wear an arm band or yellow star April 9 May 7 May 10 May 20 November 16 1940 Germans occupy Denmark and southern Norway Establishment of Lodz Ghetto Germany invades the Netherlands, Belgium, Luxemberg, and France Concentration camp established at Auschwitz Establishment of Warsaw Ghetto 1941 January 21-26 Anti-Jewish riots in Romania, hundreds of Jews murdered April 6 Germany attacks Yugoslavia and Greece, occupation follows June 22 Germany invades the Soviet Union September 28-29 October December 8 34,000 Jews massacred by Einsatzgruppen at Babi Yar outside Kiev Establishment of Auschwitz II (Birkenau) Chelmno death camp begins operations January 20 March 17 May June Summer Winter March April 19 Summer Fall October 14 OctoberNovember March 19 May 15 July 24 October 7 November January 17 January 27 April 6-10 1942 Wannsee Conference in Berlin: Plan is developed for "Final Solution" Gassing of Jews begins in Belzec Gassing of Jews begins Sobibor Jewish partisan units established in the forests of Byelorussia and the Baltic states Deportation of Jews to killing centers from Belgium, Croatia, France, the Netherlands, and Poland; armed resistance by Jews in ghettos of Kletzk, Kremenets, Lachva, Mir, and Tuchin Deportation of Jews from Germany, Greece and Norway to killing centers; Jewish partisan movement organized in forests near Lublin 1943 Liquidation of Krakow ghetto Warsaw Ghetto revolt begins Armed resistance by Jews in Bedzin, Bialystok, Czestochowa, Lvov, and Tarnow ghettos Liquidation of large ghettos in Minsk, Vilna, and Riga Uprising in Sobibor Rescue of the Danish Jewry 1944 Germany occupies Hungary Nazis begin deporting Hungarian Jews Russians liberate Majdanek Revolt by inmates at Auschwitz; one crematorium blown up Last Jews deported from Terezin to Auschwitz 1945 Evacuation of Auschwitz; beginning of death marches Beginning of death march for inmates of Stutthof Death march of inmates of Buchenwald April 15 April May 5 Liberation of Bergen Belsen by British Army Liberation of Nordhausen, Ohrdruf, Gunskirchen, Ebensee and Dachau by American Army Liberation of Mauthausen and Gusen by American Army