Lt. General Louis W. Truman U. S. Army (Ret.) Commissioner Department of Community Development One of the pillars of a growing and sophisticated industrial complex is its transportation system. Indeed, as the industrial base develops, so does the transportation system and vice versa. They grow together and reinforce each other. In 1972, the transportation industry in Georgia employed 153,746 people. The average weekly wage was $190.91. This is exclusive of those in private industry and government who devote all or part of their time to the movement of people and materials. It is also exclusive of out-of-state residents who travel through Georgia in the business of transportation. When analyzed by any criteria of economic well-being, it is obvious that the South has been growing at a faster pace than the nation as a whole. Firms located in Georgia, where the blend of transportation and geography provide unquestionable advantage, will be able to best serve this rapidly expanding market. This publication points out that wherever a plant is located in Georgia adequate transportation by land, air or sea is readily available. RECEHfED NOV 141978 DOCUMENTS UGA LIBRARiES Markets Whether consumer or industrial, markets mean people, jobs and money. And people, jobs and money mean demands to be satisfied. And demands for goods and services requ ire transportation of all kinds. A few selected facts about these Georgia markets illustrate very quickly why the transportation system serving the State is so extensive. SELECTED TRANSPORTATION FACTORS FOR GEORGIA 1971 Value added by Manufacture 1 (Millions of dollars). . . . Cost of Manufacturers' Materials 1 (Millions of dollars). . Value of Industry Shipments1 (M ill ions of dollars) Retail Sales2 (Millions of dollars). . . . . . Estimated Number of Rail Cars Loaded 3 . Estimated Number of Rail Cars Unloaded 3 Commercial Aircraft Departures4 (Four largest airports: Atlanta, Columbus, Augusta, Savannah) . Enplaned Domestic Air Passengers4 (Four largest airports) . Air Freight (Total Mail, Express and Freight for four largest airports, in tons)4 . $ 6,533 $ 9,372 $ 16,396 $ 8,112 1,086,176 1,382,420 190,346 8,212,964 86,422 SOU RCES: 7. Annual Survey of Manufacturers, 7977, U. S. Department of Commerce. 2. Sales Management, Survey of Buying Power, 7972. 3. Estimated from information supplied by private railroads. 4. FAA Statistical Handbook of Aviation, U. S. Department of Transportation. CONSUMER MARKETS The decade 1960-1970 produced a population increase of 16.4 percent in Georgia while the national increase was 13.2 percent. During this same period national per capita income rose from $2,216 in 1960 to $3,943 in 1970, a 78 percent increase. Per capita income in Georgia increased from $1,630 in 1960 to $3,318 in 1970, an increase of 104 percent. Between 1960 and 1970 retail sales in Georgia increased 90 percent. Georgia's primary market area, a 500-mile radius around the State, includes eight southern states. The population, during the decade of the 60's, for th is area increased by 15 percent while per capita income increased by 101 percent. In addition to Georgia, this primary market area includes Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Kentucky, Tennessee, Mississippi, Alabama and Florida. Besides housing, Georgians divide their spending dollar approximately as follows: PERCENT OF BUYING POWER Food Eating and Drinking Places General Merchandise Apparel Furniture, Household Appliances Automotive Gas Stations Lumber, Building Materials, Hardware Drug Stores Miscellaneous 21.2% 5.0 16.4 4.5 4.9 22.0 7.8 6.1 3.1 9.0 100.0% SOU RCE: Sales Management Magazine, 7973 Survey of Buying Power 2 INDUSTRIAL MARKETS The most prominent feature of Georgia's economy since World War II was the turning from an agriculturally based to an industrially based one. In 1940, 193,900 people were employed in manufacturing operations. In 1971 (the latest year for which figures are available), manufacturing in Georgia employed 454,700. Georgia industries in 1971 purchased approximately $9,372.4 million of manufacturing materials and sold fin ished goods worth approximately $16,395.9 million. With retail sales of $8,111.6 million that year, an appreciation of the network of transportation facilities required to move these goods begins to take shape. A major component of Georgia's largest industry, textiles, consists of carpets and rugs. These products requ ire massive amounts of jute for backing. This product is imported from Bangladesh (formerly East Pakistan) and India, with considerable amounts brought directly into Georgia's seaports. From here it must travel to the carpet mills of North Georgia. Of course, there are other materials requ ired for the manufacture of carpeting. While much of the yarn is made in the State, this, and other products, must be shipped. Lastly, the finished products must also be transported to markets. Georgia's NO.2 industry, transportation equipment, brings in 3 train loads of automobile parts daily to supply the 3 assembly plants and 2 parts warehouses. The trains bearing the parts going into production are scheduled to arrive by 7 a.m., and the parts are assembled into vehicles that day. In particular, there is Southern Railroad's train # 151, The Sparkp/ug, which averages 150 carloads per' day of auto parts for Atlanta's assembly plants. The food processing industry, 3rd largest industry in Georgia, requires many kinds of special ized transportation to transport raw agricultural products to processing facilities and to move processed foods to consumer markets. GEORGIA NEW AND EXPANDED INDUSTRIES PERIOD 1963--1972 TOTAL CAPITAL INVESTMENT IN MIlliONS OF DOLLARS - -421 -151 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 However, Georgia's own consumer and industrial markets are only part of the Transportation Story in Georgia. Its centralized location makes Georgia The Gateway to the South, and many of the goods and people passing to and from neighboring states cross Georgia. What brings this volume of goods to Georgia's factories, warehouses and stores? Motors and wheels, wings and keels. 3 Air Air operations in Georgia radiate from the nation's 2nd and the world's 4th busiest airport, the Hartsfield Atlanta Transportation International Airport, to many smaller cities and towns through a comprehensive community air service program. Ten commercial airlines - Delta, Eastern, United, Northwest, Southern, Air South, Braniff, National, Transworld and Piedmont provide service to 14 Georgia cities with combined operations of more than 1,250 arrivals and departures daily. Georgia has 153 airports opened to the publ ic. Most of these 153 airports are community type facilities and have their needs served by 123 fixed base operations which supply fuel, maintenance service and rental aircraft to the general aviation sector. Air service for the Atlanta Airport can be divided generally into three types: trunk, regional and commuter. Trunk carriers provide long-haul, nonstop passenger and cargo service. There are 9 trunk carriers with operations through Atlanta. The second group - regional service airlines - WITHIN 300 MILES WITHIN 600 MILES WITHIN 900 MILE~ 4 u. s. CITIES WITH NONSTOP AIR SERViCE FROM ATLANTA provides service to over 50 cities in the Southeast from Atlanta as well as between other larger southeastern cities. The "third level" or commuter airlines provide service very similar to that of the regional airlines, but their geographic operating areas and markets are more limited. The primary distinction, by definition, between a regional and a commuter airline is the jurisdiction of federal aviation regulatory bodies. Regional airlines are certificated by the Civil Aeronautics Board for specific routes and activities and are subject to the operating and safety standards of the Federal Aviation Commission. Commuter airlines are not certificated by CAB but must maintain the operating and safety standards of the FAA. AIR TRANSPORTATION IN GEORGIA ERRATA NOTIFICATION ADD: Air South now serves Tifton and Thomasville, Georgia. BN Braniff Airways DL Delta Air Lines EA Eastern Air Lines NA National Airlines NW Northwest Airlines PI Piedmont Airlines SO Southern Airways TW Trans World Airlines UA United Air Lines NJ Air South CHICAGO, LOUISVILLE INDIANAPOLIS, CHATTANOOGA CLEVELAND, BUFFALO PITTSBURG MILWAUKEE, SBATI"LE MINNEAPOLIS/ST. PAUL ST. LOUIS, NASHVILLE DETROIT, KNOXVILLE CINCINNATI, DAYTON NEW YORK, WASHINGTON PHILADELPHIA BALTIMORE, CHARLOTTE ASHEVILLE, TRI CIT1ES GREENSBORO ~":-. "l.' BIRMINGHAM, NEW ORLEANS HONOLULU------ ~~ SAN ANTONIO MOBILE, MERIDIAN GULFPORT, NEW ORLEANS ACAPULCO MEXICO CITY JAMAICA PUERTO RICO BEA~C~H~'~~, DOTHAN, FT. WALTON EGLIN AFB, PANAMA CITY ;:j TALLAHASSEE, ORLANDO MIAMI JACKSONVILLE, ORLANDO TAMPA WEST PALM BEACH MIAMI SOUTH AMERICA CiTIES IN SEVEN SOUTHEASTERN STATES WHICH HAVE SINGLEPLANE SERVICE TO AND FROM ATLANTA Alabama Anniston Birmingham Dothan Gadsden Huntsville/Decatur Mobile Montgomery Muscle Shoals* Tuscallosa South Carolina Anderson* Charleston Columbia Florence Greenville/Spartanburg Greenwood* Myrtle Beach Tennessee Chattanooga Knoxville Memphis Nashville Shel byville* Tri-City Airport North Carolina Asheville Charlotte Fayetteville Goldsboro* Greensboro Hickory Kinston New Bern* Raleigh Rocky Mount* Wilmington Winston Salem* Georgia Albany Athens Augusta Brunswick Columbus Macon Moultrie/Thomasville Savannah Tifton Valdosta* Waycross* Florida Daytona Beach Elgin A. F. B. Ft. Lauderdale Jacksonville Melbourne Miami Orlando Panama City Pensacola Sarasota Tallahassee Tampa West Palm Beach Mississippi Columbus* Greenwood Gulfport* Hattiesburg* Jackson Laurel* Meridian Tupelo* *All service non-stop except those marked with an asterisk. Source: Official Airline Guide, North American Edition, October 7, 7973. 6 What creates such expansion? Two of the determinants are: The foresightedness of the Aviation Committee of the Board of Aldermen of the City of Atlanta has kept the Atlanta Airport a leader in the latest facilities, services and techniques. The growth surge of Georgia and the entire Southeast has kept these advanced facilities in constant use and likewise has kept the Aviation Committee looking for other ways of expansion and improvement. Currently being studied is a second airport, its location, interconnecting surface or hel icopter routes and the many other requirements for a facility equal to, or better than, the present airport. Another factor contributing to an airport's stature is its connection with other modes of transportation, especially highways. Atlanta's airport has the very best advantages. It lies in a triangle created by the separation of Interstate 75, Southeast-Northwest bound, Interstate 85, Southwest-Northeast bound and Interstate 285, the perimeter expressway which encompasses Atlanta. The EastWest bound Interstate 1-20 is only a short distance away. Consequently, within a few minutes after deplaning, an Atlantabound passenger can be on his way to his final destination on the city's comprehensive Interstate System. Th is strategic location in relation to the Interstate System is most important to industrialists. The Interstate System gives an almost unJimjted selection of plant locations within easy reach of Atlanta but, at the same time, far enough away to enjoy small town advantages, if th is is an industry's preference. On the other hand, an industrial site close to the Atlanta Airport may be a desirable feature. And these sites are abundant. Other air service connected operations of importance are: Off-line offices of scheduled combination (passenger and freight) carriers. There are currently 13 such off-line carriers, representing some of America's largest airline companies as well as some of the major international airlines. Scheduled Air Cargo Service. All 10 airlines to and from Atlanta are authorized to carry freight as well as passengers, and most flights leaving the Atlanta Airport carry a combination of passengers, air mail, air express and air freight. Eastern Airlines is the only combination carrier which has all-cargo flights, with 16 all-cargo flights into Atlanta daily. Airlift International is the only all-cargo scheduled air carrier in Atlanta. Routes are scheduled to and from 9 cities with daily schedules Tuesday through Saturday. There are 5 inbound and outbound flights daily. These airlines can make equipment and crews available for charter service, either passenger or freight. Supplemental Air Carriers: A variety of other services are offered by 7 supplemental air carriers. Charter flights for passenger groups, for business or pleasure, domestic or international, are provided by Capitol International Airways, Inc., Trans International Airlines and World Airways, Inco Charter cargo service is supplied by Overseas National Airways, Saturn Airways and Zantop International Airl ines, Inco These three companies move a considerable amount of automotive assembly parts for the active transportation equipment industry around Atlanta. One supplemental air line, Georgia Air, Inc., offers some unique services such as air ambulance and hospital transfer cases and makes extensive use of helicopters for charter air cab service, real estate appraisal work, television and other aerial photography. Air Freight Forwarders. This business group offers efficient and economical services to the shipper of air cargo. By assembling small lots under their own tariff and consolidating into volume shipments air freight forwarders save the sh ipper money and the carrier space. There are 14 air freight forwarders in the vicinity of the Atlanta Airport. The U. S. Customs Bureau and related services. The Bureau of Customs maintains a fully staffed and equipped office at the Atlanta Airport for processing all international air freight shipments. There is also an office of the U. S. Department of Agriculture's Quarantine Division to inspect incoming agricu Itural commodities, and a fully operational U. S. Immigrations office. 7 A description of aViation facilities in Georgia necessarily calls for a closer look at the Hartsfield Atlanta International Airport. The uniqueness and growth of the Atlanta Airport is somewhat more exaggerated than the growth of Georgia and the Southeast, but its growth can be a harbinger of conditions in the South. Atlanta (the Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area) ranked as the 18th largest city in the 1970 Census of Population. That same year, its airport ranked as the 2nd busiest in the U. S. in terms of enplaned passengers and number of aircraft operations. It ranked 5th in terms of combined air mail, express and freight loaded and unloaded. Atlanta is headquarters fOI- 2 trunk airlines as well as Lockheed-Georgia Company, the country's largest aircraft manufacturing plant. Delta Air Lines, 5th largest in the nation, has total route mileage (including international) of 34,200 miles. It serves 91 domestic cities in 29 states, Puerto Rico, and 5 foreign countries in the Western Hemisphere, plus an interchange service with Pan American Airways to Europe. Delta maintains a fleet of 179 planes. On order or option are 58 new aircraft of which 30 will be the L-1011. The company employs 27,700 nationwide, 11,130 in Georgia and 10,965 in Atlanta. Southern Airways flies to 67 cities in 13 states and the District of Columbia. It has a fleet of 41 aircraft of wh ich 26 are DC-9's and 15 Martin 404's. It employs a total of 2,600 people of which 900 al-e located in Georgia. HARTSFIELD ATLANTA INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT TOTAL PASSENGERS 25 ENPLANED AND DEPLANED MILLIONS OF PASSENGERS 1963-1972 o 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 9 - The new L-l0ll Whisperliner sets new environmental standards as the quietest jet aircraft now in commercial service. These aircraft will have the flexibility to operate from the great majority of airfields in the United States, bringing wide-bodied convenience and comfort to close-in airports as well as major international air transportation hubs. 10 Lockheed-Georgia Company (located in Marietta, Georgia, bordering Atlanta on the north) is the largest aircraft manufacturing plant in the U. S. With cutbacks in defense spending on aircraft, Lockheed has turned its attention to the international and air freight markets. Lockheed Georgia builds the tail sections for the popular passenger L-l0ll now in use by several air lines. Of the 199 orders for these aircraft, 77 planes have recently been del ivered. On the air freight side, Lockheed has 3 aircraft, the C-5, C-141 and C-130, all large enough to transport an 8' X 8' X 40' container. The internal storage dimensions of the C-5 are 19' X 13' X 144.6'-large enough, indeed, to hold a "fleet" of containers. Weather conditions for flying into and out of Georgia cities are so favorable that there is rarely any adverse weather effects on any originating or continuing air traffic in the State. Keeping pace with the industrial growth of the State is its airport planning program. The State of Georgia Airport System Plan is now in its final stages of preparation. This plan identifies the general locations and types of airports requ ired to accommodate aeronautical demand for a 20-year period. It will detail the facilities required, by airport, and by time period, to meet the demand as well as provide estimated costs of all facil ities recommended in the State. HARTSFIELD ATLANTA INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT COMPARATIVE OPERATING STATISTICS Aircraft Operations Air Carrier Military Civil Total 1968 312,912 2,281 85,236 --- 400,429 1969 367,496 1,462 69,351 438,309 1970 374,453 1,040 -49-,87-4 425,367 1971 391,870 982 45,852 438,704 1972 420,295 1,221 55,911 --- 477 ,427 Passengers Domestic: On Off Sub-Total International: On Off Sub-Total Total 6,728,319 6,976,065 7,670,293 7,842,776 8,131,489 9,036,397 10,531,291 8,495,958 9,127,512 10,638,627 18,163,909 21,169,918 8,770 7,748 29,679 33,602 16,518 63,281 13,704,384 15,513,069 16,627,447 18,180,427 21,233,199 Mail (Tons) Total 97,045.0 110,033.8 126,251 128,990 128,758 Express (Tons) Total Freight (Tons) Total 27,553.0 26,005.9 24,106 19,815 20,190 --- 190,430.9 190,465.9 192,647 195,729 229,805 11 - RANK ORDER OF AIRPORTS BY TOTAL NUMBER OF PASSENGE RS ENPLANED ( TOP FIVE) 14 I IN I HOU~AND~ ) ~ ~ ~- :: 12 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 . - + - - - - - -__H - 10 6 - -------7"- 4 /' z < \; ::: "~ J :5 ~ < :: >- '';"; 8 => ~ '" :0,: ":5 u :::: 0 >- z ::i "'0" >- ~ z z:;, ~ z 1%2 1%4 1966 1968 1970 Other Standard Metropolitan Statistical Areas (SMSA's) in Georgia are Albany, Augusta, Columbus, Macon and Savannah. ALBANY The largest plane which can land and take off from the Albany airport is the DC-9. The longest runway is 6,600 feet. There are 10 flights daily with service to and from Atlanta, Dothan, Alabama, Panama City, Florida and Valdosta, Georgia. The city is served by Southern Airways and Air South. In 1972, 52,156 passengers enplaned in Albany, and a combination of 220.5 tons of air mail, air express and air freight passed through the airport. AUGUSTA The largest scheduled plane landing at Bush Field, official airport for the city of Augusta, is the 727, although the runway can accommodate a 747 (8,000 feet long). There are a total of 30 flights daily to and from Washington, D. c., New York City, Atlanta and various points in the Carolinas. Delta, Eastern and Piedmont Airlines make stops in Augusta. In 1972, there were 177,668 scheduled enplaned passengers and a combination of 2,494.9 tons of air mail, express and freight moved through the airport. 12 COLUMBUS The longest runway at present is 7,000 feet, and the largest plane landing in Columbus is the 727, although most of the planes coming in and out are DC-9's. There are 23 flights daily to and from Atlanta, New York, Washington, Memphis and Jacksonville. Three airlines, Delta, Eastern and Southern, make daily stops. Scheduled enplaned passengers in 1972 totaled 150,695. MACON Macon's Lewis B. Wilson Airport's longest runway is 6,500 feet, capable of landing the 727, although most of the 16 daily stops are the DC-9's. Delta and Eastern stop in Macon, where 73,000 passengers enplaned' in 1972. SAVANNAH The largest plane coming into Savannah is the DC-8. The longest runway is 9,400 feet. The 17 daily flights enplaned 200,198 passengers in 1972. Two airlines, Delta and National, have scheduled service to Atlanta, Brunswick, Charleston, Jacksonville, Orlando, Miami, Norfolk, Washington and New York. Combined air mail, air express and air freight totaled 1,049.4 tons in 1972. GEORGIA STANDARD METROPOLITAN STATISTICAL AREAS GEORGIA 13 Railroad Services Two "families" of railroads serve Georgia. Seaboard Coast Line Railroad has 4 other railroads in its "family," and operates 2,851 miles of main-line track in the State. Southern Railway Company, which owns 11 other railroads, operates 2,785 miles of track. There are 6 independent short-line railroads operating in the State. The railroad industry employed 12,150 in Georgia in 1972. At an average of $12,000 per employee per year, railroad payrolls approximated $145,800,000 for the State. Revenue earned in Georgia totaled $35,536,584 in 1971. Rail service is provided to 1,066 delivery points (cities, towns or other stopping areas) in the State. There were many break-throughs in 1972 for the nation's railroads. These advances may hail the turn-around for industry's "workhorse". Quoted, in part, from the Yearbook of Railroad Facts, 7973 Edition: "1. It was a year in which freight traffic of all Class I roads hit an all-time high-more than 778 billion ton-m iles. "2. The railroads' ton-mile record represented a 5.2 percent increase over the 1971 figure of 740 billion ton-miles. The previous high, reached in 1969, was 768 billion ton-m iles. "More sign ificant than the statistics is the fact that the rail roads, with fewer cars than ever before, handled record freight traffic-including grain loads made heavier by sales to Russia-without serious car shortages. " These statements apply to the nation as a whole, but as will be seen throughout the remainder of this section, they apply to railroad activities in Georgia as well. Both Seaboard Coast Line and Southern have electronic switchingyards in Atlanta where many thousands of cars each week are moved from track to track to head them toward their final destination. Southern Railway was the first Iine in the country to complete a microwave system and long distance facsimile transmission center. It is the second largest private communication network in the United States. Waycross, a town of 19,000 people in Southeast Georgia, has been chosen by Seaboard Coast Line Railroad as the site for a $ 30 million electron ic classification and switching yard. The new switching yard will be one of the largest and most modern facilities of its kind in the country. The new facility will make possible a significant increase in speed and efficiency of car handling particularly since Waycross is the focal point for classification between Midwestern cities and Florida. "3. Records were also set in piggyback traffic-2,253,207 trailers or containers handled during 1972, up 14.5 percent over the 197~ total. Innovations in freight car design abound in the Southeast. "Big John," a behemoth hopper car that holds 100 tons of grain comes into Georgia in unit trains, and, in "4. It was a year in which railroads turn, keeps livestock and poultry (Georgia made important advances in freight is the country's leader in poultry products) car utilization, through the fruition moving back to markets. Southern Railof a number of programs. The way developed the triple decker auto average number of car-miles per haulers, capable of holding up to 16 serviceable ~ar day rose to 56.1 standard-size sedans, and brought the in 1972-a 5.3 percent increase auto transport business back to the rail- over 1971. The net to nom iles per roads. Prior to 1960, sawmills burned serviceable car day increased to slabs and bark, but now over 5,200 1,481-7.9 percent over the previ- specially designed cars daily deliver this ous year. Both 1972 averages set new high records. 14 RAILWAY MAP OF GEORGIA SAVANNAH 15 PIGGYBACK RAMP FACILITIES GEORGIA SEABOARD COAST LINE SOUTHERN RAILWAY .. "... RAILROAO FREIGHT SERVICE: NORMAL TRANSIT TIMES ON CARLOAO SHIPMENTS FROM ATLANTA. GEORGIA o I.. OAY DELIVERY 6. 2nd DAY OELIVERY o 3-d DAY DELIVERY 4r11 OAT DELIVERY Soh DAY DELIVERY ~ 'Ih DAY OELIVEIiIY , ... OAT OELIVUY r--. '-_I 1 P.... .-.,.," ........ ', .. 0 Olo_....... fr ......... lholl _,100.._ ..""...,... 0. 1_.... 0....._ __..,.. ..... (;fO~" ..STllVn OF TECttNO..OGT once waste product to Georgia's pulp and paper mills, as well as mills throughout the Southeast. And so the story goes. There are refrigerated tank cars to keep chemicals either liquid or solid as the chemical characteristics requ ire, painted white to reflect the sun's rays, and heated tank cars, painted black to absorb the sun's rays to keep other chemicals liquid or solid as characteristics require. Other special unit trains of coal and auto parts supply the State's industrial needs daily. Facilities for piggyback service, the child of the railroad and motor freight industries, are available at 8 Southern Railway points and 26 Seaboard Coast Line locations. Piggyback and containerization are 2 freight innovations in the past decade which have been a big boost for industry. These services are alike in that the trailer (or container) travels to its destination without stopovers or unloading any of its contents. They differ in the equipment necessary to operate each. The piggyback remains on its chassis and the railroad flat car has a 5th wheel for latching down the trailer just as the truck cab has a 5th wheel for connecting the trailer. The piggyback is simply backed up a ramp or Iifted on or off by fork Iift or crane onto the special flat bed rail car. The container is like a giant box which is Iifted by fork Iift or crane and sat on a pedestal on the flat car. At its destination it is again lifted off, sat on a chassis, and is on its way. Each week there are approximately 26,585 freight cars unloaded in Georgia and approximately 20,888 outbound cars loaded. Georgia's railroad activity has been enhanced through the use of "runthrough" and unit trains and incentive rates for fast handling. Carriers can reach most important consumer markets with a single-line haul, eliminating the need to transfer freight from one carrier to another. Shipments from Atlanta to points on the Eastern Seaboard arrive as quickly as shipments from Chicago, and shipments from Atlanta to the midwest arrive there as fast as shipments from New York. In addition to the rail service within Georgia, offices are maintained in Atlanta by 31 other railroads. 17 Motor Over 100 scheduled motor carriers and 400 irregular route carriers serve Georgia. In addition, there are specialized com- Freight modity carriers (refrigerated, gasoline, chemicals, etc.), and contract haulers available throughout the State. Daily schedules between most Georgia points are maintained by 43 of the regular route carriers. Points not served by this group are reached by the irregular route carriers. Contract haulers are available to shippers and receivers of freight throughout the State. of 73,280 Ibs. total. Maximum gross weight on all public roads of a county road system is 56,000 Ibs. unless making pick-up or delivery on such roads. Oversize and overload exceptions are allowed by special permit. The permit stipulates the particulars and restrictions in each case, and such perm it and other pertinent details may be obtained from the Office of Perm its and Enforcement, Georgia Department of Transportation, 2 Capitol Square, Atlanta, Georgia 30334. Direct motor freight service to and from U. S. cities and Georgia points is furnished by numerous interstate carriers. Usual shipping time for truckloads to New York, Philadelphia and Chicago is 3 days from most Georgia communities. The accompanying maps show transit times on direct truckload and less-than-truckload shipments from Atlanta. Maximum legal size and load limits for motor freight veh icles travel ing Georgia highways are: 55' for length (single unit, tractor trailer or other combinations), 13'6" for height and 8' for width, 10,170 Ibs. per wheel, 20,340 Ibs. per axle, 40,680 Ibs. per tandem axle, 61,020 Ibs. per triple axle, and maximum gross weight of tractor-trailer or other combinations It has been estimated by the Georgia Motor Trucking Association that last year motor freight common carriers (also known in the trade as "For Hire Trucks") moved 13,640,000,000 ton-miles of freight in Georgia. This, of course, does not include private fleets of large retailers or manufacturers. It was further estimated that this freight shipment accounted for approximately one-half of all motor freight. In the Southeast section of Atlanta, bisected by Interstate 285 East-West bound and U. S. Highway 23 North-South bound, is the South River Motor Carriers District. Here in this section over 32 major motor compan ies maintain terminals, warehouses, office and other TRUCK REGISTRATIONS AND EMPLOYMENT IN THE MOTOR FREIGHT INDUSTRY 1968-1971 YEAR 1971 1970 1969 1968 "FOR HIRE" TRUCK AND TRAILER REGISTRATIONS 12,040 12,919 12,912 12,094 ANNUAL AVERAGE NUMBER EMPLOYED 26,052 26,070 25,534 24,729 ANNUAL AVERAGE PAYROLL ($1,000) 54,027 47,547 44,392 40,180 SOURCES: Georgia Department of Revenue, Motor Vehicle Unit. Georgia Department of Labor, Reports and Analysis Section. 18 - facilities, and this concentration is not by accident. Truckers have much interchanging of freight with each other. Naturally, many allied trucker services are located in this industrial district. The design of motor freight equipment is, like other modes of transportation, evolutionary. Fairly standard in today's truck cab are features such as air conditioning, thirteen gear automatic transmission, A~-FM radio, stereo tape decks, adjustable seats and backs. One problem of trailer design, however, is how to provide more cubic space within the legal length, width and height limits. So many of the goods transported are becoming lighter in weight for their cubic space. For instance, refrigerators are much lighter in weight than they used to be. A transport trailer of refrigerators reaches cubic capacity long before the weight limit is reached. The use of more styrofoam packing instead of box crating is another example of less weight. Back to the piggyback and container freight. Of course, they begin their journey with motor freight by being transported to the railroad flat car via truck cab. At the end of its rail journey again the truck cab takes it to its final destination. Th is destination may be the final customer, or perhaps the container seaport terminal in Savannah or even possibly a giant C-5 Galaxy Air transport. r --------_Ii .:_:~ .. -'------~ ~--1~ ;.MP~ r HIGHWAYS Georgia has 882.6 miles of Interstate open for public use, 98.7 miles presently under construction with a finish target date of July, 1974, and 169.2 miles on the drawing boards. When completed, there will be a total of 1,150 miles of Interstate Highways in the State. There are 11 Interstate Highways within the State, counting perimeter by-passes and short segments of 1-24 and I-59 around the Chattanooga area. 1-75 from the Tennessee to the Florida border is completed except for only a few miles. Completion of this section has been delayed until an engineering plan could be devised that would satisfy the requirements of Interstate construction and the environmentalists who wanted to preserve the beauty around Lake Allatoona. The revised engineering plan has been approved. It will not only preserve the alpine beauty of this lake region bu t the total cost of th is portion of the construction has been lowered. Georgia has 17,898 miles of paved highways, much of which are also U. S. highways. Another important fact is that there is a system of 24,773 miles of paved secondary county highways. These roads generally are well maintained and provide capillary surface routes for industries as well as people. For the fiscal year ending June 30, 1972, the State spent $420,091,183 on highway construction and maintenance. 20 PREPARED QUARTERLY BY STATE HIGHWAY DEPARTMENT ~ GEORGIA JULY, 1973 LEGEND - INTERSTATE STATUS _ ~ =:II] OPEN TO TRAFFIC ADVANCED STAGE OF CONSTRUCTION BEGINNING STAGE OF CONSTRUCTION FUTURE CONSTRUCTION OTHER US HIGHWAYS AVAILABLE CONNECTING ROUTES REST AREA @ WITH SANITARY FACILITIES IOoI;-P-EN-i1T0"O0-T-R"A2iF00F-IC--3"0-0-.4-0-0 ~"-50-0"i-6-00-'i7 UNDER CONST. ---:,._11:1-",:1-1:1--=:::::;:,===:;::,: = i I( 00 800 900 1000 1100 M I L E S ) PLANS UNDERWAY Water Transportation Georgia's rail, highway and air transportation system is further enhanced by a progressive program in port development. Georgia ports lead the South Atlantic area in general cargo handled and in new terminal construction. Commerce has been activated along 500 miles of inland waterways at 3 inland ports~Augusta, Bainbridge and Columbus. The 3 inland ports and 2 deepwater portsBru nswick and Savan nah-are directly connected to the vast inland waterway system in the eastern part of the nation. In all, Georgia's port system links over 29,000 miles of sheltered inland water rou tes. SAVANNAH Savannah is one of the old, established, Atlantic seaports, well protected from the open sea, and the leading general cargo port on the South Atlantic range. It handles several times as much tonnage as other ports in the State. The port is open to year-round navigation due to mild climate. Delays in shipping due to fog or other adverse weather conditions are infrequent. Principal export tonnages include kaolin, clay, wood pulp, paper and paperboard, and naval stores. Major import commodities include fuel oil, gypsum rock, jute, iron and steel shapes and plate, veneers and sugar. a new service consisting of five Japanese ship lines making use of a "space charter" service. The five Japanese lines are Mitsui O. S. K. Lines, Nippon Yusen Kaisha (N. Y. K.) Line, Kawasaki (L-Line), Yamashita-Shinnihon (Y-S) Line and Japan Line. A recent addition to Garden City Terminal is the multi-product bulk handling facility with a 5Y2 acre storage shed. Here such amounts and products as 23,000 tons of bulk kaolin, or, 30,000 tons of peanuts are loaded, via conveyor mechanisms, into the hold of bulk cargo vessels. Bulk facilities can be unloaded in the same manner. Savannah has 4 public deep water termi- Nearby Ocean Terminal, also operated by nals. Two of these are operated by the the Georgia Ports Authority, features Georgia Ports Authority, one by lTC, inc. 12 deepwater general cargo berths. Of and one by East Coast Terminals. In these, 7 berths have 57 foot margins addition to the 4 public terminals with a with double marginal tracks and twin total of 35 berths, over 25 additional 50-ton gantry cranes. All other berths private breths are maintained by indus- at Ocean Terminal have a minimum tries in the harbor. margin of 47 feet. For storage, there are 11 transit sheds with a total of 635,000 The Georgia Ports Authority's Garden sq. ft., plus 356,000 sq. ft. of warehousing. City Terminal features 11 deepwater berths and 2 berths for tankers only. The LASH (Lighter Aboard Ship) loading One of these 2 berths is for petroleum facility at the mouth of the Savannah products, fats, oils and naval stores, and River is yet another facility of today's the other is for molten sulphur. The innovative transportation industry. LASH Authority provides over 3,000,000 sq. ft. barges (60' X 30' X 13') are floated of warehousing on the property. Garden down stream from Augusta or Savannah City is also the location of the Authority's (or tugged from other ports), lifted by a Container Central, featuring 2 of the high-powered crane built on the "Mother" largest container cranes in the United LASH, stacked depth, width and length States. These phenomenal, high speed to a capacity of 73 barges on the "Mother" cranes have an extended reach of 113 feet ship, then delivered to various ports and a capacity of 45 tons each. The twin around the world. container berths are over 1,800 feet long, with over 32 acres of paved storage for The Georgia Ports Authority estimates over 7,000, 40-foot containers. Cold stor- that in 1972, 70,000 trucks and 20,000 age facilities are also available at dockside. rail cars were utilized to bring ocean- Container service is offered by United bound freight to its docks. States Lines, American Export Lines, and 22 Recently announced by the Georgia Ports Authority is a $66 million proposed expansion program at Brunswick and Savannah. The Savannah complex will have 3 additional container berths, 8 new dry bulk storage tanks with automatic transfer systems, renovated conventional berths, new administrative offices and trade mart, a railroad roundhouse, maintenance shops and warehouses. Excellent industrial site locations are available through the Savannah Port Authority. Other choice water site locatio'ns are available on Colonel's Island, a development of the Georgia Ports Authority, connected with the Brunswick Port. lTC, Inco maintains 6 berths, for both general cargo handling and kaolin clay handling. Approximately 300,000 sq. ft. of shed space, rail served, is adjacent to the berth S. East Coast Terminals operates the former SCL Railroad Terminals east of the city with 4 berths for general cargo handling. Approximately 150,000 sq. ft. of shed space is adjacent to dockside plus outside storage areas. GEORGIA PORTS AUTHORITY-LASH TERMINAL-LOCATED AT MOUTH OF SAVANNAH RIVER 23 SAVANNAH HARBOR YEAR 1962 . 1963 . 1964. 1965 . 1966 . TONS 4,558,411 4,110,786 4,157,537 4,452,282 4,756,663 YEAR 1967 . 1968 . 1969 . 1970 . 1971 IONS 4,780,642 6,025,457 5,800,527 6,810,770 7,231,944 BRUNSWICK HARBOR Source: Waterbourne Commerce In The United States, 1972, U. S. Corps of Engineers. YEAR 1962 . 1963 . 1964. 1965 . 1966. TONS 720,724 964,233 947,094 857,589 870,557 YEAR 1967 . 1968. 1969 . 1970 . 1971 TONS 979,859 1,010,879 1,086,633 1,053,177 1,059,104 INTERNAL VIEW OF GEORGIA PORTS AUTHORITY WAREHOUSING AT SAVANNAH 24 - BRUNSWICK Two ports are operated in Brunswick, Lanier Dock and Brunswick State Dock. The Brunswick Port AtJthority operates the Lanier Dock. Channel depth is 30 feet and the river, 13 miles inland from the Atlantic Ocean, is 400 feet wide. The Brunswick Port Authority operates a bulk commodity terminal at Lanier Dock. The facility is 500 feet long with a project depth of 30 feet, equipped with grab bucket, conveyors and marginal tracks for handling bulk cargoes at rates up to 600 tons per hour. It operates a covered warehouse with a capacity of approximately 10,000 tons. A limited amount of open storage space is available, equ ipped with a conveyor system and reclaim facilities. Recently added new facil ities include an oil barge dock facility (275 feet long) and open storage pad (26,175 sq.ft.). Brunswick State Dock, operated by the Georgia Ports Authority, maintains the following facilities. TE RMINAL Three general cargo berths: 1,640 lineal feet. Concrete/steel construction. One dry bulk berth. Water depth at mean low water: 30 feet. 52-foot margins with double marginal rail tracks. One 25-ton gantry crane serves all three berths. Two large modern transit sheds: 132,000 square feet of space. Steel/concrete/ masonry construction. Sprinkler systems. Double rail tracks at platform level at back of transit sheds. Truck loading and unloading facilities on back and ends of. transit sheds. Various size fork lifts, with such accessories as cotton clamps. Light and heavy tractors and trailers. Adequate storage yards for freight cars. Truck scales: 100,000 pound capacity. GEORGIA PORTS AUTHORITY - BRUNSWICK 26 AUGUSTA The Augusta State Docks are equ ipped with the latest facilities for handling of bulk cargo, both liquid and solid. The terminal berthing area is 200 feet long with a 40,000 square foot transit shed, ample room for storage and bargeto-ocean-go ing-vessel-facil ities. TERMINAL General cargo barge berthing: 200 lineal feet. Concrete/steel construction. Mean water depth: 9 feet. Concrete margin width: 112 feet. One modern transit shed: 40,000 square feet. Steel/concrete/masonry construction. Combination rail/truck loading dock at rear, running length of shed. Heavy mobile cranes. Various size fork lifts with up to 10-ton lift capacity. Squeezes, payloader, tractors, trailers, hoppers. Full cargo palletization facilities. Conveyors for handling dry bulk cargo from barge to storage. SECURITY 24-hour guard. Fire protection system. TRANSPORTATION Rail: Switched by Savannah River Terminal Company. Reciprocal switching arrangements with Seaboard Coast Line, and Southern Railway. Motor carriers: Over 30 truck lines. INDUSTRIAL SITES First-class sites adjoin docks-paved roads, rail service, electric power, gas, fire and police protection. Mild climate assures year-round operation. 78 acres available with attractive lease arrangements. KAN. OKLA. TEX. GEORGIA'S INLAND WATERWAYS CONNECTIONS 27 BAINBRIDGE Thousands of tons of raw materials flow into the Bainbridge port and leave as finished products. In addition to the usual docking and bulk cargo transfer facilities, the Bainbridge port facilities feature three warehouses with 67,000 square feet of storage, a 6,000 square foot transit shed and a large, paved, open space storage area. well organized that it provides a number of optional movements of bulk cargoes and direct unloading into railroad cars and/or trucks. In addition to dry storage for bulk shipments, there is 400 feet of modern cargo berth ing space and hundreds of feet of river bank available for future construction. Another feature is a modern bagging facility for such bulk cargoes as fertilizers and other industrial chemicals. The terminal operation at Bainbridge is so TERMINAL Two barge berths: 400 lineal feet. Concrete/steel construction. Wharf includes one ramp for deck loading or roll-on/roll-off barge traffic. Mean water depth: 9 feet. Margin width: Minimum, 60 feet. Maximum, 135 feet. One modern transit shed: 6,000 square feet. Steel/concrete/masonry construction. Sprinkler system. Single depressed truck loading dock at rear, adjacent to transit shed. One 35-ton mobile crane. Other heavy and mobile cranes for lease from outside contractors. Various size fork lifts with up to 10-ton lift capacity. Squeezes, payloaders, tractors, trailers, hoppers. Full cargo palletization facilities. COMMERCIAL WAREHOUSE Three commercial warehouses: 64,000 square feet. Concrete flooring. Unlimited open storage area, easily accessible by rail or truck. Warehouses are served by rail tracks at platform height. Depressed truck loading and unloading facilities near center of warehouses. Truck scales: 100,000 pound capacity. Facilities for bagging bulk cargo. Conveyors for handling bulk cargo. SECURITY 24-hour guard. Fully sprinklered. TRANSPORTATION Rail: Seaboard Coast Line. Motor carriers: Over 20 truck lines. INDUSTRIAL SITES First-class sites adjoin docks-paved roads, rail service, electric power, gas, fire and police protection. Mild climate assures year-round operation. Attractive lease arrangements. 28 BAINBRIDGE, GEORGIA STATE DOCKS COLUMBUS The completion of a nine foot navigation channel to the Gulf of Mexico opened Columbus to port traffic. A new and modern barge terminal featuring a reinforced concrete wharf 400 feet long and 50 feet wide, with berth ing space for two barges, in addition to a 30,000 square foot transit shed served by both rail and truck, is now in operation at Columbus. TERMINAL Two barge berths: 402 lineal feet. Concrete/wood construction. Mean water depth: 9 feet. Margin width: 50 feet. One modern transit shed: 27,317 square feet. Steel/concrete/masonry construction, 3,990 square feet of platform area. 225 square feet of office space. Rail/truck loading dock at rear, adjacent to shed. Heavy mobile cranes for lease from outside con tractors. Various size fork lifts with up to 10-ton lift capacity. Squeezes, payloader, tractors, trai lers, hoppers. Full cargo palletization facilities. SECURITY 24-hour guard. Fire protection. TRANSPORTATION Rail: Seaboard Coast Line, and Southern Railway. Motor carriers: Over 35 truck lines. IND UST RIAL SITES First-class sites adjoin docks-paved roads, rail service, electric power, gas, fire and police protection. Mild climate assures year-round operation. Attractive lease arrangemen ts. 29 Summary These pages have illustrated the quality and quantity of Georgia transportation systems and what an asset these systems provide industries in the state. to offer manufacturers considering a Georgia site location. Listed in abbreviated form are some of the incentives th is state offers. As advantageous as these transportation systems are, Georgia has other benefits LABOR INCENTIVES Free screening, training and staffing of potential employees before plant start-up. Free upgrading and retraining of production workers for any existing industry at any time. Right-to-work law. Labor availability data for all Georgia communities. Twenty-six Vocational-Technical Schools strategically located throughout the state. FINANCE INCENTIVES Industrial revenue bond financing for land, buildings, and equipment in almost every town and county in the state. Companies that qualify for revenue bonds can obtain 100% plant financing. Private local development corporations (more than 170 within the state) capable of providing local participation in a loan package for qualified companies, and also capable of securing U. S. Small Business Administration participation in these loans. Over half of Georgia's counties are eligible for EDA funds. The Georgia Business Development Corporation (a privately-sponsored statewide loan guarantee corporation) can guarantee loans for qualified companies unable to obtain conventional financing. TAX INCENTIVES Sales tax exemption on machinery used directly in the manufacturing of a product. Sales tax exemption on air/water pollution control equipment. Sales tax exemption on raw materials used in manufacturing products for resale. Annual local property tax exemption on air/water pollution control equipment. Accelerated state corporate income tax depreciation on pollution control facilities. LOCATION INCENTIVES City or county-owned industrial park sites at reasonable cost. Industrial "shell" buildings complete to client's specifications. Computerized site and building selection from state data bank. Comprehensive state inventory of all available industrial sites and buildings. State profiles of economic characteristics for all major Georgia towns. MARKETING AND MANUFACTURING INCENTIVES State program to assist companies to increase export of products. State science and technology counsel to industry. Business Information Center (free information clearinghouse for Georgia business, using university and other governmental specialists). Annual Manufacturing Directory (a marketing service provided by state government). Eighteen Area Planning and Development Commissions knowledgeable about growth potentials for their area. Seven field offices of Georgia Tech's Industrial Development Division offering techn ical assistance to new and existing industry. Updated, packaged information concerning Georgia's environmental regulations governing ambient air and water effluent. 30 ALLIED SERVICES A number of co-ordinating transportation aSSOciations and organizations maintain Atlanta offices and can provide shippers with needed help or information. The regional and state offices include: Air Transport Association of America 3420 Whipple Avenue Hapeville, Georgia 30054 767-8614 Airline Pilot's Association 3581 Main Street College Park, Georgia 30337 767-3731 American Short Line Railroad Association 151 Ellis Street, N. E. Atlanta, Georgia 30303 659-0231 Association of American Railroads, Car Service Division, Southeast District Atlanta Gas Light Tower Atlanta, Georgia 30303 577-4363 Association of Local Transport Airlines 265 Peachtree Street, N. E. Atlanta, Georgia 30309 523-8722 Atlanta Freight Bureau 41 Pryor Street, N. E. Atlanta, Georgia 30303 524-7776 Federal Aviation Administration 3400 Whipple Avenue East Point, Georgia 30344 526-7240 Federal Highway Administration 1720 Peachtree, N. W. Atlanta, Georgia 30309 526-5078 Federal Railroad Administration 3400 Whipple Avenue East Point, Georgia 30344 526-7469 Georgia-Alabama Textile Traffic Assoc., Inc. 740 National Bank of Georgia Atlanta, Georgia 30303 523-1546 Georgia Motor Trucking Association 500 Piedmont Avenue, N. E. Atlanta, Georgia 30308 876-4313 Georgia Ports Authority 275 Peachtree Street, N. E. Atlanta, Georgia 30303 656-2323 Georgia Public Service Commission 244 Washington Street, S. W. Atlanta, Georgia 30334 6564501 Interstate Commerce Commission 1252 W. Peachtree Street, N. W. Atlanta, Georgia 30309 526-5371 Southern Freight Association Southern Freight Tariff Bureau Southern Passenger Association Southern Weighing and Inspection 151 Ellis Street, N. E. Atlanta, Georgia 30303 659-6266 FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS (RAPID TRANSIT) Atlanta is the Southeastern pioneer in mass rapid transit. Schedu led for completion in 1979, at a cost of $1.32 bill ion} the Metropol itan Atlanta Rapid Transit System (MARTA) plans sixty-four miles of rail and bus lines served by forty-one stations. Park-and-ride facilities at the stations will accommodate over 29,000 vehicles. Rapid rails will extend for fifty miles and bus routes for fourteen miles. MARTA expects to receive its first shipment of 490 modern, air-conditioned mass transit buses by 1974. MARTA's bus system has already taken on a new look-additional buses and routes, and bus fare lowered from forty to fifteen cents. (TOLL ROADS) Toll roads will play an increasingly important role in Georgia as the Interstate Highway System nears completion. 31 We Spiritif '76 This locomotive has been displayed at practically all of the major cities in the Southeast and has also made cross-country tours. This spectacular locomotive is now. operating in regular freight service over Seaboard Coast Line and continues to attract a great deal of attention wherever it goes. Inscribed on the bell of "The Spirit of 76": Liberty is more than a heritage . . . it is a fresh challenge and fresh conquest fqr each generation ... a noble concept based on the dignity of man and the realization that man free is the greatest discovery of all ages. Below-Transportation Versatility-The truck cab delivered the piggyback to the freight yard where a high powered fork lift loads it aboard a flat bed piggyback rail car. The steps will be reversed at the end of the rail journey. Forty-five versions of the Lockheed C-130 Hercules have been designed and produced, with the "workhorse" serving in many versatile roles from mercy flights to commercial freight hauler. The Hercules is used as a country-builder by many nations, airlifting heavy equipment into remote areas to build airports, roads, to search for oil, and transport local products to market. Pictured here are flags representing some of the 32 countries that have bought the C-130 Hercules. Front end loading-The Lockheed C-5, world's largest plane, is nearly 248 feet long, 65 feet high at the T-tail and spans nearly 223 feet from wingtip to wingtip. The cargo compartment is 19 feet wide, 13% feet high, and 144% feet long including loading ramps. It can accommodate six standard size transcontinental buses in two rows with a walkway between each row on the main deck with seats for about 100 passengers on the upper deck. The C-5 can be loaded or unloaded simultaneously from both the front and rear.