ff 8 i 9 8 5 rN L0MOJ2 RULES AND REGULATIONS GOVERNING SCHOOL BUILDINGS IN GEORGIA 7 Program of Educational Development for Georgia GENERAL LIBRARY MAY 24 ibio WttSITY OF GEORGIA ISSUED BY EDUCATION PANEL Agricultural and Industrial Development Board of Georgia Athens Georgia c AGRICULTURAL AND INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT BOARD OF GEORGIA Blanton Fortson Chairman L Vaughan Howard Executive Director Name of Member Address Ivan AllenAtlanta T F AbercrombieAtlanta Charles L BowenMacon W N BanksGrantville Cason J CallawayHamilton MDCollins Atlanta Ryburn G ClayAtlanta Mrs Frank C DavidColumbus Blanton Fortson Athens Charles B GramlingAtlanta Robert W GrovesSavannah Alfred W JonesSea Island TomLinderAtlanta Wiley L MooreAtlanta Walter R McDonaldAtlanta Henry McIntoshAlbany W H McNaughtonCartersville J L PilcherMeigs Robert StricklandAtlanta MKing TuckerWaynesboro Wilson WilliamsAtlanta V EDUCATION BULLETIN No 8 JUNE 1945 PROPOSED HULES Aiffi BESULAIIOHS GOVERNING SCHOOL PLAHTS U GEOBGIA EDUCATION PANEL M D Collins Chairman Mrs Frank C David Wilson Williams 0 C Aderhold Director Atlanta Columbus Atlanta Athens COMMIE TEE ON SCHOOL BUILDINGS Name Position Address Cong Dist 0 B Strong County School Supt Savannah First J 0 Allen City School Supt Albany Second Fred Ayers Che City School Supt Fitzgerald Third Gordon HoIstun County School Supt Thomaston Fourth Ira Jarrell City School Supt Atlanta Fifth W E Knox County School Supt Gray Sixth WP Sprayberry County School Supt Marietta Seventh E M Thompson County School Supt Douglas Eighth C J Cheves City School Supt Gainesville Ninth W A Moss County School Supt Kartwell Tenth J L Morrison State Dept of Ed Atlanta StateiatLarge B L Cousins State Dept of Ed Atlanta StateatLarge By S P Clemons and 0 C Aderhold Paul Carroll Johnnye V Cox J E Greene W 0 Hampton Charles P Hudgins J M Prance L 0 Rogers T E Smith W A Stumpf R H Tolbert Nell WinnINTRODUCTION Responding to a request of the School Leaders Workshop of 1944 and The Annual Conference of Superintendents of Georgia of 1944 the Education Panel of the Agricultural and Industrial Development Board selected the school plant situation of Georgia as one of the four pro blems of sufficient urgency to warrant intensive study Under the general direction of a statewide committee of Superintendents the Education Panel began the investigation in September 1944 The publi cation A Study of School Buildings in Georgia resulted It contains detailed information on the school plant situation in Georgia and is one of the most comprehensive studies of its kind in the Nation The need for school plant improvement was found to he more urgent than was realized For example 181 percent of the white school buildings and 926 percent of the Negro school buildings were found to be so inferior in design and construction as to be unfit for school use A brief listing of the conditions as found in the State was published and is available for distribution As a result of the study the committee on school buildings the Georgia Education Association the Georgia State Department of Education and the Agricultural and Industrial Development Board submitted proposed legislation dealing with school buildings to the General Asseubly of 1945 The proposal was unanimously passed by both houses signed by the Governor and is now law One of the provisions of the law authorizes and empowers the State Board of Education to establish a code of school building prac tices and standards The attached Rules and Regulations Governing School Plants was prepared by the Education Panel and is in harmony ggfiaHHHHHiBBHUDMHHHHn11 with the law On May 24 1945 the Education Panel staff and the State Committee on School Buildings went over the proposed rules and regulations with a committee of the State Board of Education On June 1 1945 the rules and regulations were submitted to the State Board of Education for consideration After a brief discussion the State Board of Education unanimously adopted these rules and regulations to govern school buildings in Georgia This publication therefore contains the official rules and regulations governing school build ings in the State Below is the resolution passed by the State Committee on School Build ings at its meeting on May 24 and submitted to the Board on June 1 1945 RESOLUTION Whereas the school plant conditions in Georgia have been found to be in urgent need of improvement and tyhereas the General Assembly of Georgia unanimously passed a law mak ing it possible for the State Board of Education to take immediate steps for the improvement and ultimate removal of the unsatisfactory conditions Be it Resolved That the committee approves the proposed Rules and Re gulations Governing School Plants as revised in todays discussion and respect fully recommends that the State Board of Education at its next meeting adopt them for the public schools of Georgia Be it Further Resolved That since many communities are unable to pro vide adequate and safe school facilities with local funds alone the committee recommends that The State Board of Education establish a State School Building Fund to assist such needy and worthy communities as soon as the money is avail able Be it Further Resolved That since a definite and urgent need exists for an adequate staff to effectuate the present law and to render technicalas sistance to counties and independent systems in planning the school plant it is recommended that the State Board of Education provide in the State Department of Education the necessary staff to carry out the purposes of the law and to as sist oaunties and independent systems with their school plant problems Be it Further Resolved That a committee from this body be available to the State Board of Education at 2 PM June 1 1945 at which time the State Board of Education is respectfully requested to consider these resolutions and the proposed Rules and Regulations Governing School Plants Submitted by STATE COMMITTEE ON SCHOOL BUILDINGS AND EDUCATION PaNEL staff Rules and Regulations Governing School Plants Purpose The purpose of these rules and regulations is to au thorize State county and independent district school officials to cooperate in establishing and maintaining school plants that will meet public school needs throughout the State in promoting the health safety comfort and the moral and intellectual development of school children Use of School Buildings and Grounds Subject to law the eounty boards of education of any county and the board of education of any independ ent system may provide for or permit the use of school buildings during the school term or during vacation for any legal assembly or as community recreation centers or may permit the same to be used as voting places in any primary regular or special election The county boardof education and the Board of Education of an independent system shall adopt rules and regulations necessary to protect school plants when used for such purposes Persons Using School Property It shall be the duty of any per son persons or organizations making use of the school property for any purposes to see that the buildings and grounds are left in as good condition as existed before and in case of failure upon the part of all such person persons or organizations to do this or pay for any damage to the property the ordinary wear and tear excepted all further applications for the use of the property by such person or persons shall be refused Disposal of School Property The County Board of Education and the board of education of an independent system shall have the authority to dispose as it sees best of any school land or property which has not been used for school purposes for one year or more and which is not likely to be used for school purposes and to credit the proceeds derived from the disposal2 of the property to the district or districts or independent system in which the school building is located The County Board of Education or the board of education of an independent systen nay at any time arrange to dispose of unused scnool land or property and shall diligently attempt to do so on advan tageous terns Inspection The State Superintendent of Education or his author ized agent shall have authority to inspect any public school building and if such building is found to be dangerous to the lives and or health of the pupils the State Superintendent of Education through his authorized agent shall notify the county board of education or the board of education of an independent systen in writing of the unsafe or unhealthful condition revealed including inthe notification specific suggestions for the correction of said unsafe or unhealthful conditions Insuring School Property The County Board of Education or the board of education of an independent systen shall keep all insurable school property to which it holds title insured against loss or damage by fire School property may be insured in such amounts and with such kinds of in surance as will give proper protection Cleaning and Disinfecting Buildings Prior to the opening of any regular school term the flounty Board of Education or the board of education of an independent system shall have all buildings used for public school pur poses thoroughly cleaned Should any contagious or infectious disease be in the community or among the school children the County Board of Education or board of education of an independent system as long as the disease is prevalent in the community and the school building or buildings are being used shall have any such school building regularly disinfected at such times and in such manner as may be prescribed by the county health officials3 or if there be no county health officer by a physician designated by the County Board of Edudation or board of education of an independent system who is licensed to practice in Georgia Maijitenanfie q School Property It is the duty of the County Board of Education to keep all county school buildings and of the school board of an independent systeo to keep all buildings of the independent systen in good repair All principals and teachers shall be held responsible for the safe keeping of buildings and property during the school session Fire precaution It shall be the duty of a principal or teacher in charge of a school to see that all teachers janitors and any and all school employees under his direction take proper precautions in handling or storing of waste papers kerosene laups oiled dusting cloths and all in flammable articles and to endeavor to see that pupils exercise all necessary precautions All closets cabinets attics baseaents storage spaces and any places within or under the building where supplies are kept or where waste paper or other materials raay accumulate shall be regularly checked by the principal and County Superintendent of Education or in the case of the independent systen by the superintendent and board of education of the in dependent systen and any improper conditions shall be renedied All reason able precautions to prevent school fires must be observed by principals and teachers Fire drills required in public schools 1 Drills at least monthly All teachers or superintendents in charge of the schools of Georgia which are supported in whole or in part by taxation are hereby required to conduct fire drills at least once each nonth 2 Pertificate of compliance The principal or supervising teacher of each school is required to indicate on his or her annual report whether said principal or supervising teacher has complied with the re quirements of this section Copies of law to he exhibited It is hereby made the duty of the county superintendent of education of the counties and of the board of education of independent systems of this State to have copies of this regula tion on fire drills printed in suitable form and to have at least one copy placed in a conspicuous place in each of the public school buildings of the county or independent system PLACING THE SCHOOL PLANT BBOGBAM Survey Required as soon as practicable unless a school survey has been made in the county or in the independent system within the past ten years each County Board of Education and each board of education of inde pendent systems shall arrange for a survey of the county school system and of the independent school system to aid in formulating a longtime program for the schools of the county and of the independent system The report based on the survey shall show the location and condition of all school buildings the location of pupils and the transportation routes the population trends the places where schools for the various grades should be maintained temporarily or permanently the school program for each school center and shall include such other information as may be re quired under rules and regulations of the State Board The County Board of Education and the board of education of an independent system may re quest assistance from the State Department of Education in carrying on the survey or may utilize such other agency as may be approved under regulations of the State Board of Education A copy of each survey report with accom 5 panying naps shall be filed with the State Superintendent of Education or his authorized agent School Plant Program Based on Survey The County Board of Educa tion of any county and the board of education of any independent system in which a survey has been made as hereinbefore provided shall within six months after the completion of the survey adopt and submit to the State Superintendent of Education or his authorized agent a proposed school plant program for the schools of that county or independent system This school plant program of the county or independent system shall insofar as practi cable be based upon the findings and recommendations of the survey report The program shall take into consideration the school needs of the entire county or independent system From time to time as conditions and needs change the program may be amended by resolutions adopted by the County Board of Education or by the board of education of an independent system provided copies of the resolutions with supporting evidence are filed with the State Superintendent of Education or his authorized agent The State Superintendent of Education shall cause a study to be made of the proposed program or amendments thereto for each county or independent system and shall submit to the County 3oard of Education or board of education of the independ ent system his recommendations for improvements in the program Provisional Capital Outlay Program The County Board of Education of each county and the board of education of each independent system in which a survey has been completed as provided above shall adopt before July 1 1946 a provisional capital outlay program based upon a preliminary survey for the county or independent system specifying school centers which are to be designated as elementary those as elementaryjunior high school6 and those as elenentaryjuniorsenior high school centers or any other coabinations thereof and setting forth the location and estiuated cost of school buildings proposed for construction or alteration during the next five years A copy of this provisional prograu shall be transnitted to the State Superintendent of Education or his authorized agent with the annual school budget for that year Annual Capital Outlay Prqgran and Budget Each County Board of Education and each board of education of an independent systen shll on or before the first day of July of each year adopt a proposed capital outlay program and budget for the ensuing year in order that the capital outlay needs of the county school systen or independent school systen for the en tire year nay be well understood and insofar as possible provisions nade for sane This capital outlay program and budget shall be a part of the annual school budget and shall beginning July 1 1946 be based upon and in hamony with the school plant prograu previously filed with the State Sup erintendent of Education or his authorized agent This prograu shall desig nate and locate the capital outlay projects for the year including the new buildings the alterations and additions to be uade and the consolida tions to be effected and no public school funds nay be expended on any such project now included in the budget as anended to date If approved by the State Superintendent of Education or his authorized agent the program as anended during the year with his approval shall be executed as provided by law suppleuented by rules and regulations of the State Board of Education SCHOOL SITES Sites Adapted to Heeds Before acquiring property for school sites the County Board of any county and the board of education of any7 independent system shall after July 1 1945 determine the location of proposed elementary junior and senior high school centers for the county or inde pendent system as prescribed in this Chapter The County Board of Education and the hoard of education of an independent system shall also authorize the County Superintendent of Education of the county and the superintendent of the independent system to make a careful study to determine the school needs which should be met in any particular situation and to determine the most economical and practicable location for the school site so that the maximum number of children can walk to school and so that school buses can be routed most effi ciently for the remainder of the children In preparing recommendations re garding proposed school sites the County Superintendent of Education and the superintendent of an independent system may secure the services of representa tives of the State Department of Education or such other assistance as he may find desirable to aid in making a proper selection Before any site may be legally purchased for school purposes it must be approved in writing by the authorized agent of the State Superintendent of Education Size Must be Adequate Each new site selected shall be adequate in size to meet the needs of the school to be served As far as practicable any present sites which are not adequate shall be increased to conform to minimum standards for new sites Each new school site shall contain a minimum of two acres for a one teacher school For nigh schools at least one acre and for elementary schools at least onehalf acre shall be added to this minimum size of the site for each fifty pupils enrolled in the school after the first fifty pupils and until the enrollment reaches five hundred pupils Provided that this requirement may be waived in the discretion of the State Superintendent ofBHBafl pppwpFi i p pp p 1111 ph fW 8 Education under regulations of the State Board of Education when any County Board of Education or board of education of an independent system files evidence showing that a school site of that size is inpracticable in any given situation Other Minimum Standards to be Met In the case of the county sys tem it shall be the responsibility of the County Superintendent of Educa tion to recommend to the County Board of Education for purchase end of the County Board of education to purchase and in the case of the independent system it shall be the responsibility of the Superintendent of the independ ent system to recommend and of the scnool board of the independent systen to purchase school sites in accordance with the provisions of these rules and regulations which meet standards prescribed by the State Board of Education to promote the educational interests of the children Each site shall be well drained reasonably free from mud and the soil shall be well adapted to landscaping as well as to playground purposes Insofar as practicable the school site shall not be adjacent to any factory or other property fron which noise odors or other disturbances would be likely to interfere with the school program Sites to be improved It shall be the responsibility of the County Board of Education of the county schools and of the Board of Education of an independent system to see that each school site is arranged to provide adequate play areas is attractively landscaped and is maintained in such a manner that it is both useful and attractive to see that two well separated and adequate flush type toilets or in case water under pressure is not available two well separated adequate and secluded pit type toilets are provided on each school site and to see that pure drinking water and ak9 sanitary means of drinking and washing hands is provided on each school site Standards for School Buildings Sew Buildings Must Meet Minimum Standards In order to provide for the sanitary safe and economical construction and maintenance of public school plants toilets and physical equipment and in order to promote the physical welfare and safety of the school children of the State any building hereafter constructed in this state for public school purposes shall meet all minimum standards prescribed by law or by rules and regulations of the State Board of Education and in addition all minimum standards prescribed jointly by the State Board of Edudation and the State Board of Health Approval of Plans Required As a means of insuring that all school buildings constructed or materially altered or added to hereafter conform to the minimum standards prescribed by law and by regulations of the State Board of Education each County Board of Education and each board of education of independent systems which hereafter undertakes the construction of or the addition to any school building the cost of which exceeds One Thousand Dol lars 100000 or any major alteration shall see that the plans and speci fications for the proposed construction addition or alteration are submitted to the State Superintendent of Education for analysis and recommendation Ho public school funds may legally be expended for the construction or alteration of or the addition to any school uilding in any county or independent system in this State unless the provisions of this Section are observed and until the County Board of Education of the county or the board of education of the inde pendent system has received in writing a statement from the authorized agent of the State Department of Education that the plans and specifications for the9a proposed construction have been approved as hereinafter provided Minimum Standards for School Building Construction No County Superintendent of Education or superintendent of an independent system shall recommend tentative approval and no County Board of Education or hoard of education of an independent systexa shall tentatively approve any plans for construction of any school building in the county or independent systea unless the following minimum requirements and any supplementary regulations of the State Board of Education and any regulations concern ing the sanitation of schools jointly prescribed by the State Board of Education and the State Board of Health have been fully complied with Furthermore it shall be the responsibility of the architect concerned in proposing and preparing plans for the construction or alteration of or the addition to any such school building to see that these standards are observed The State Superintendent of Education or his authorized agent shall not approve any plans that fail to meet these minimum standards except a as modifications of these standards are authorized under regulations of the State Board of Education 1 Expansibility Each building shall be so planned that enlargements and additions can readily by made without tin necessary cost and without interfering with the necessary natural light and ventilation of the rooms 2 Orientation Buildings and classrooms shall be so arranged that natural lighting is adequate under normal daylight conditionsio cs Height o Building No school building of frame construc tion or which has masonry walls hut otherwise has ordinary or joist construction and wood finish shall he more than one story high No school huilding constructed with fire resistive corridors and stairways and with masonry walls hut with ordinary construction otherwise that is with combustible floors roof and finish shall be constructed which is more than two stories in height 4 Entrances and Exits There shall be as few steps as pos sible leading to entrances or exits of any school building If steps are necessary they shall be arranged in a straight run or if a change in direction is necessary such change shall be provided by means of a platform at least the width of the stairs All entrances shall be kept free from outside obstructions There shall preferably be sepa rate outside entrances to all rooms which are commonly used for community pirposes All exit doors shall be hung so as to swing outward and shall be provided with hardware that will permit opening from the inside at all times No exit doors shall open immediately upon a flight of stairs unr less a landing of at least the width of the door is provided between such stairs and the door 5 Corridors Corridors shall meet the following standards a Construction Corridors in buildings with two or more stories shall be of fireproof or fire re sistive construction11 b Width The minimum clear passageway of nain corridors of any school building of four class rooms or more shall he not less than eight feet The minimum clear passageway of secon dary corridors shall vary with the length of such corridors and the number of class rooms leading to them but such secondary corridors shall not be less than six feet in width Each end of each corridor shall terminate on an egress or stairway excepting that pock ets not to exceed the length of one standard classroom may be planned when conditions re quire c Lighting Corridors shall be well lighted by outside windows where practicable Illumination of an intensity of at least three foot candles shall be provided by artificial lighting 6 Stairs a Construction All stairways from story to story shall be of fireproof or of fire resis tive construction b Runs Each main stairway from story to story shall be constructed in two straight runs vrith not more than fourteen nor less than three risers to the run Between the runs there shall12 be an intermediate platform or landing of at least the sane clear width as the stairway Risers to main stairways shall be uniform in height and shall not exceed six and onehalf inches and treads excluding nosings shall be not less than ten and onehalf inches in width c Number Every school building of two or more stories shall be provided with at least two main stairways remote from each other the number of stairways shall be determined by the exit formula of the national 3oard of Fire Under writers as found from time to time in their current Building Exits Code ITo stairway for pupil use may be constructed with winders ir respective of whether stairways constitute re quired means of egress ITo door shall open immediately upon a stairway and no door near a stairway shall swing across or into the required line of travel of such stairway ITo closet or storage space may be placed under or over any stairway d Safety Treads The edges of all treads and the edges of stairway landings shall be constructed and maintained so as to provide nonslip surfaces If separate treads nosings or other non slip materials are provided these are to be set flush13 with treads e Sam To overcome any difference in floor levels which would require less than three risers gradients shall be employed of not over one inch in twelve inch runs Floors at all exits shall be so designed as to he evel and flush with the adjacent floors f Lighting All stairways shall be provided with adequate natural lighting of not less than four foot candles over the entire area and in addition so far as possible shall he provided with artificial illuai r nirHes over the entire nation ff not less than 3 foot candies area g Handrols Stairways must be provided with a sub stantial handrail to each side of stairs throughout the entire length of stairway Stairways shall be not less than fortyfour inches from balustrade to balustrade or wall If the width is greater than five feet six inches an intermediate handrail shall he provided The same width shall be maintained throughout the entire length of the stairway 7 Basement Insofar as practicable heating equipment shall he in a separate building and school buildings shall be so constructed that basement rooms are not necessary Only when special permission is granted by the State Department of Edu cation shall instructional rooms be placed in basements Basement rooms designed as classrooms laboratories toilets14 or for any purposes other than for heating plant or fuel room shall be at least twelve feet in height and shall in no case be more than two feet below the finished grade on the side where most of the natural light is received The flooring used in any instructional rooms shall be of a type that will not subject pupils to cold and dampness 8 Heating System The provisions for heating shall be as follows a Room for Central Heating If the room in which any central heating nlant is housed is in the school build ing such room and the fuel room shall be constructed of fireresistive materials for walls ceiling and floors and shall be provided with an outside entrance If there is inside connection with the building it shall be provided with a selfclosing fire door approved by National Fire Underwriters Association Provision shell be made for easy removal of ashes from the heating plant by means of the outside entrance to the room or by an ash hoist b Jacketed Heaters In all buildings not provided with a central heating plant it is recommended that each class room shall be equipped with a ventilating jacketed heater 9 Ventilation The following provisions shall be made for ventilation a Cross Ventilation Where mechanical ventilation is15 not provided every school room used by students shall he provided with means of cross ventilation b Windows When windows are used for ventilation they shall be of such design that at least fifty percent of their area may be opened at one time c Deflectors When windows are used as the method of ventilation two or more windows per class room shall be provided with deflectors to protect pupils from currents of cold air 10 ifaturl Lighting The following provisions shall be made for natural lighting a Admission of Light All instructional rooms shall provide for the admission of light from the left or in special cases from the left and rear of pupils unless exceptions are authorized by the State Depart ment of Education b Glass Area The total net glass area in each in structional room snail be not less than twenty percent of the total floor area If trees buildings or other obstructions are located near the proposed buildings the direct light from the sky shall be unobstructed above a line drawn from the window sill of windows on the first floor forming an angle with the horizontal of 45 degrees Finish of Walls and Ceilings a Ceilings Ceilings of all instructional and study spaces shall be finished with a matte dull or semi16 matte surface having an initial coefficient of reflec tion of at least 075 Exception In classrooms where the window area is less than 16 percent of the floor area or where the top of the window is less than onehalf as high as the width of the room or in rooms receiving light exclusively from the north ceilings shall be painted a color which has an initial coeffi cient of reflection ratio of at least 80 b Wftlls of Rooms Walls of all instruction and study spaces from ceil ing down to top of blackboard or to a height of four feet to six feet above the floor where blackboards are not used shall be finished with a matte dull or semimatte surface having an initial reflection factor of not less than 050 nor more than 060 below this level a darker finish may be used Exception In classrooms where the window area is less than 16 percent of the floor area or where the tops of the window are less than onehalf as high as th width of the room or in rooms receiving light exclusively from the north walls shall be painted a color which has an initial coefficient of reflection ratio of not less than 65 nor more than 76 c Trim Trim of all instruction and study spaces shall be finished in a matte or semimatte surface17 Notes 1 The following table presents figures which are the result of a considerable nunber of tests by different authorities and are represen tative average values of the coefficient of reflec tion for various colors Since it is not possible to accurately describe colors verbally a range in values is given for each color I Color White new White old Crean Buff Ivory Gray Light Green Dark Green Light Blue Pink Dark Red Yellow Dark Tan Natural wood brown stain Light wood varnish Coefficient of Reflection 075 to 085 075 to 0o7 065 to 076 044 to 059 066 to 076 015 to 067 043 to 067 010 to 022 031 to 057 032 to 057 012 to 027 055 to 070 027 to 041 015 to 026 036 to 044 2 It is to be noted that grays vary markedly in the way they are prepared A gray made by nixing lanp black with white paint has a low coefficient of reflection whereas a gray made by nixing red and green paint with white base has a relatively high coefficient of reflection This latter is known as a warn gray 3 For walls pastel colors are acceptable and a wide range of colors is thus opened up for the school room use In generalt warn colors nay well be used for north window exposure and the cooler ones for south exposure Care should be taken to avoid intense tints 11 ARTIFICIAL LIGHTING Character of Lighting to be Suoplied The principal source of artificial illumination of all rcons and spaces of school buildings shall be from overhead18 Intensity of Artificial Illumination Roons and spaces of school buildings shall be supplied with intensities of artificial illunination in accordance with the following table Roon or space to be illuminated a Storage spaces b Staireays corridors entrances porticos cloak roons toilets etc c Boiler roons and sinilar spaces d Gynnasiuns auditoriums assem bly roons not used as study roons e Gynnasiuns active sports f All spaces used for instruction or study spaces exceot d and g g Sewing Drawing drafting art h Sight saving classroons Reconnended practice foot candles 45 45 10 and higher 12 and higher 15 and higher 25 and higher 50 and higher Shading of Lanps a General Lanps and luninaires shall be so installed in regard to nounting height location and spacing as to avoid glare All direct and semidirect luninaires xsing incandescent lamps shall be of the enclosed type so constructed that the bare lamp will not be visible from any working position Each class study or recitation room of standard size 31 to 33 feet long by 22 to 23 feet wide shall be equipped with at least 6 arti ficial lighting units19 Diffusion of Light Lamps in school buildings hereafter constructed shall be so in stalled in regard to mounting height location and spacing as to avoid sharply defined and deep shadows from overhanging structural parts or persons in nornal working positions Exit Sjtair and Corridor emergency Lighting In school buildings of core than one story hereafter constructed the lighting to be provided in all stairways and exits and in the passage ways leading thereto shall be connected independently of the roon light ing Such lighting and exitlights shall be so supplied as not to be subject to failure because of the failure of the roon lighting fron in ternal causes Switching and Controlling Apparatus a At each point of entrance to school buildings hereafter con structed switching or controlling apparatus shall be installed so that a person may furn on enough lamps of the emergency lighting to proceed safely to the next point of control b Lights shall be so switched that those farther from the windows may be operated separately allowing the use of artificial light in the part of the room where it is needed 12 Class Rooms a Width The width of any standard class room used for instructional purposes shall be not more than twice the distance from the floor to the top of the window glass in the room Other instructional rooms may vary from this ratio only when adequate artificial20 lighting has been provided b MaiiiSSjfa Mullions shall be so arranged that the distance between glass in adjoining windows shall not exceed twenty inches c Size The seating capacity of classrooms shall be deter mined by allowing a minimum of 18 square feet per pupil and such additional space as nay be required for the educa tional activities of the school 13 Doors i Doors of School Houses to Swing Outward All the outer doors of any public school building shall be so hung that when they are opened they will swing to the outside with the line of traffic b Door Hardware All classroom doors laboratory doors library doors pupil wardrobe doors or doors to all spaces accommodating pupils shall be jrovided with hard ware which can not be locked against pupils who are in such spaces c Sizes All doors to class rooms or instructional spaces shall be not less than three feet wide by seven feet high 14 Library In every school building where elementary or high school or combination elementary and high school subjects are taught there shall be provision for minimum library facilities to meet regulations that nay from time to time be adopted by the State Board of Education21 15 Other Instructional Roods Provision shall be nade for such other instructional rooms as are necessary to meet the needs of the educational program of the school 16 Auditorium No auditorium shall be above the main floor of any school building 17 Office Space Any building having more than four class roons shall be provided with office space for the principal The State Board of Education recommends that in every school plant adequate provisions be made to take care of sick chil dren 18 Wardrobe Cloakrooms Lockers Etc All school plants shall be provided with wardrobes cloakrooms or lockers 19 Toilets and Lavatories Each school plant shall be provid ed with a sufficient number of suitable water closets or pit privies adequately screened and ventilated urinals lava tories and other conveniences as may be prescribed jointly by regulations of the State Board of Education and the State Board of Health for the use of the pupils attending school therein No toilets for both sexes shall be constructed in a detached building under the same roof unless the plans for and location of the same have been approved by the State Superintendent and in such case they shall be constructed with a solid partition made of brick stone concrete or by a double wooden partition with at least six inches air space between the two walls of such partition so as to effectively separate the water closets designated for the use of boye from those designated for the use of girls 23 20 Water Supply Each school plant shall be provided with pure drinking water and a sanitary neans of drinking Unless the wa ter cooes froia a city or other couuunity supply which is regu larly tested water provided for the school plant shall be tested as to quality and quantity at least twice each year and the source of supply shall be condeuned at any tine the water is found to be unsafe for drinking purposes Facilities for wash ing hands shall be provided at each school building 21 Fire Protectipnu Ixi the construction and maintenance of any new school building and in the maintenance of any existing school building special attention shall be given to protection and safeguards from fire hazards a li re Escapes Any and all school buildings two or more stories in height which do not have fireproof or fire resistive stairwaysand corridors and adequate exits and in tfhich the greatest elevation of the floor of any story above the ground at any accessible door window or suitable place of exit from that floor shall be provided with at least one adequate and Basily accessible fire escape for each two hundred and fifty pupils enrolled in the school Each such fire escape shall be constructed of fireproof material securely erected on the outside of the building and kept free from obstruction at all times and shall meet all re regulations prescribed by the National Board of Eire Un derwriters as supplemented by regulations of the govern23 mental unit in which the building is located and by re gulations of the State Board b Fire Extinguishers Any school plant with six or more classrooms not protected by the services of a public fire department must be provided with chemical fire extinguish ers approved by the National Board of lire Underwriters and the number required per school plant shall be sufficient to obtain credit in fire rate Fire extinguishers shall be prominently exposed to view and always accessible If fire extinguishers are of the type to require recharging the principal of each school shall see that each extinguisher is annually recharged Annually at the first teachers meeting he shall have the operation of an extinguisher demonstrated for the benefit of the teachers c Fire Alarms There shall be placed in a hall or cor ridor of each school plant of more than 6 rooms an alarm consisting of a bell or gong arranged or equipped so as to be sounded from at least one convenient station or place upon each floor and of sufficient size and volume of tone to be distinctly heard in each room when sounded In the absence of such alarm there shall be placed in each room an alarm consisting of a bell or gong of suf ficient volume to be heard throughout the room where placed all of which alarms shall be arranged or equip ped so as to be sounded simultaneously from the same sta 34 tioa or place At least one of such stations or places shall be conveniently located in a hall or corridor upon each floor 22 Moving Picture Booths County Boards of Education or boards of education of an independent system desiring to pro vide a place for the use of motion picture equipment in any school shall see that the booths and equipment conform to the most recent regulations of local building Codes as well as to the most recent regulations of the National Board of Fire Underwriters CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURE Approval Required Before the contract has been let for the con struction of any school building the County Board of Education of the county or the board of education of the independent system shall require the County Superintendent of Education of the county or the superintendent of the independent system to submit to the State Superintendent of Education or his authorized agent two copies of each of the following as hereinafter prescribed a preliminary drawings and proposals b complete work ing drawings and c specifications The County Board of Education of the county or the board of education of the independent system shall not proceed with the construction of any such proposed project until the approval of the State Superintendent of Education or his authorized agent is received as prescribed below Provided that the approval of the State Superintendent of Education or his authorized agent shall include the desirability and needs for the new building the educational and functional planning the location on the site the type of conHHIHHlH35 struction sanitary provisions conformity to minimum standards and such other pertinent factors that should be considered in the educational plan ning of the school building The approval of the State Superintendent of Education or his authorized agent shall not include responsibility for the structural design or for the strength of materials proposed to be used or for the mechanical design and efficiency of any heating plumbing venti lating or electrical system Preliminary Drawings and Proposals Before working drawings and specifications are prepared preliminary drawings and proposals shall be subaitted to and approved by the State Superintendent of Education or his authorized agent The preliminary drawings and proposals shall show the location of the site the proposed location of the building on the site the general arrangement of floor plans front elevation the educational program to be accommodated and such other information as shall be pre scribed under regulations of the State Board of Education After examining or naving examined these drawings and proposals the State Superintendent of Education through his authorized agent shall submit his recommendations to the County Board of Education or in the case of the independent system to the board of education Bf the independent system shall call attention to any laws or standards which are not observed shall require changes to be made to provide for proper observance of these and shall submit such recommendations as in his opinion should have the considera tion of the County Board of Education or the Board of Education of the in dependent system The County Board of Education or the board of education of the independent system shall then require such changes to be made as areDHfl H26 necessary to make the proposals conform to law and minimum standards and shall decide whether each of the recommendations submitted by the State Super intendent of Education or his authorized agent shall be followed Complete Working Drawings and Specifications Complete working drawings and specifications shall not be prepared in final form for any building until the County Board of Education of the county or the board of education of the independent system has received the approval or recommenda tions of the State Superintendent of Education or his authorized agent on the preliminary drawings as prescribed above The County Board of Education or the board of education of the independent system shall then provide the State Superintendent of Education through his authorized agent with two complete copies of working drawings and specifications showing all details and describing fully all construction materials finish and other perti nent matters Theseare to be examined by the State Superintendent of Education or his authorized agent to determine whether all laws or prescribed standards are observed and to determine what recommendations are pertinent in order to approve the proposed building or specifications Before giving final approval to such plans the State Superintendent of Education through his authorized agent when he has any doubt as to whether ary regulations prescribed jointly by the State Board of Education and the State Board of Health are complied with shall request written approval by the State Health officer or the Sanitary Engineer of the State Board of Health of the plans and specifications regarding water supply to be used plumbing disposal of sewage and waste and any other natters relating to sanitation One copy of the final plans and specifications shall then be returned to the County Board of Education of the county or to the board of education 27 of the independent system with the recommendations or approval of the State Superintendent of Education or his authorized agent The County Board of Education or the oard of education of the independent systea shall then require such changes as are necessary to make the drawings and specifications conform to requirements of law and of prescribed minimum standards and such of the recommendations from the State Superintendent of Education or his authorized agent as are approved by the County Board of Education or the board of sducation of the independent system shall be incorporated in the working drawings and specifications Supervision and Inspection Before the construction alteration of or addition to any building has been started the County Board of Edu cation of the county or the board of education of the independent system shall provide for the proper supervision and necessary inspection of the work Advertising and Awarding Contracts for Building or Improvements As soon as practicable after any bond issue has oeeii voted upon and au thorized or funds have been made available for the construction repair alteration or otherwise for the improvement of any school building and after plans for the work have been approved by the State Superintendent of Education through his authorized agent the County Board of Education or the board of education of the independent system after advertising the same in the manner prescribed by law shall award the contract for such build ing or improvements to the lowest responsible bidder therefor Provided that the County Board of Education of the county or the board of education of the independent system may within its discretion reject any and all bids received if it deems the same expedient and may readvertise calling for new bids or with the approval of the State Superintendent of Education or 28 his authroized agent the County Board of Education of the county or the board of education of the independent system nay arrange for the building to be erected on a day labor basis Substance of Contract Contractors to Give Bond Upon accept ing a satisfactory bid the County Board of Education of the county or the board of education of the independent system shall enter into a contract with the party or parties whose bid has been accepted and such contrast shall contain the drawings and specifications of the work to be done or the material to be furnished the tine limit in which the construction is to be completed the tine and method by which payments are to be made upon said contract and the penalty to be paid by the contractor for any failure to comply with the terms of said contract The contractor shall furnish the County Board of Education of the county or the board of education of the independent system with a bond issued by a surety company licensed to do business in Georgia for one hundred percent of the contract price Payments At no time while a building is in the process of construction shall the County Board of Education of the county or the board of education of the independent system authorize or make payments to the contractor in excess of eighty percent of the amount due on the contract on the basis of the work completed The final payment shall not be made until the building has been inspected and approved in writing by the State Superintendent of Education or his authorized agent and by the architect or other person designated for that purpose and until the County Board of Education of the county or the board of edudation of the independent system acting on these recommendations has accepted building K tumoi