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O c t o ber, 1907. 
 
Circular N o.6. 
 
Georgia State Board of Entomology, 
E . L. W ORSHAM, State Entom ologist. 
 
THE USE OF SOLUBLE OILS AGAINST SAN JOSE SCALE. 
 
By W. W. CHASE, Dep uty I nspecto r. 
 
Wi thin the pa st few years t here have come int o use, among fruit growers, certain soluble oil pr epara tions aga inst t he San Jo se Scale. Th e best kn own and most widely used of t hese are Scalecide, T ar get Brand E mulsion, Kil-O-S cale, etc . Th ese new compounds hav e been formulat ed and put upon the mar ket to fill a demand for an insecti cide more easily and readily mad e and applied t ha n the standard boiled solut ions of lime and sulphur and lime, sulphur and sa lt . I n t his respect , viz., ease of applicat ion, there can be no doubt of their super iority over the lime-sulphur solut ions . Th e simple pro cess by which t hey are made, and the compa rative freedom from trouble and delay in the field from clogged nozzles, personal discomforts, etc ., is enough in it self, t o recommend them t o the use of the fruit grower. H owever, it must be said in the outset that the acceptance of these virtues alone for a recommendation have, in some ins t an ces at least , resulted in no small damage to orchards throughout t he State. 
Th e writer realizes fu lly the obstacles t hat accompany the making and application of lime and sulphur. It is not to be wonde red at that those engaged in t he warfare against sca le sho uld so willingly accept a more agreeable substitute in t he hope of accomplishing the same results . Up to the present time it cannot be said that the general resu lts obtained have been so satisfactory as those from lime and sulphur, except where used at greatly increased strengths. 
 
 F or t he purpose of obt ain in g more relia bl e data t h a n cou ld be gained fro m ordinary ob se rv at ion, t he Geor gia St ate B oard of E nto mo logy u nd er t ook a n ela borat e exper im ent last fa ll a nd sp ring wit h a ll the solub le oil p rep a rat ion s t h en upon t he m ark et . Besid es T a rget B rand E m u lsion, manufact ured b y t hc America n H orti cu ltura l Distri but in g Comp a ny of 11art insbu rg, W , Virginia , I\:i l-O-Scale a nd So lub le P etroleu m made by Th om sen Chem ica l Com p a ny . B nlt imor c . Md ., a n oil p repa rat ion put out by Ch a rd &:- H oward of Ke w Y ork , th ree co mcom po u nds m ad c by t he Sc h narr Xlun u fnctu ri ng Co ., of Or la ndo, F lorida , a nd ' "Sca le Skid oo ," a p rodu ct of t he Gou ld Che mica l Com pany . Arlin gt on , Nc wd crscv, were also t ried, Along with t lieso co mpo u nds one plat wns sp raye d wit h lim e a nd sul p h u r, a nothor wit h lime, sa lt a nd su lp h ur , a n d a not her with lime a nd p ot assium sul ph ide, for co mp a rn t ivo p urposes. Th ese ex p er im en t s were cond uc te d at F or t Valley in a n orc h a rd ba d ly in fested an d alre ady mu ch d am aged by t he scale . U n fort u n ate ly , fro m a co m b in at io n of ca uses, th e v alue of t hese tests wus wh oll y destroy ed. The neglect wh ich t hc orc h a rd su ffere d for two ye a rs in suc cess ion so wea ken ed t he t rces t h a t t hey all b ut died out during th e su m mnr ju st p assed . Also u fung us gro wt h up on the trees was np parc nt lv resp onsib le for holdi ng in che ck an y r apid in crease in the in festatio n, so t h at, b u t lit t ic sc ale bred out during t he su m mcr, so littl e, in Iact., th at n othin g of value cou ld be learn ed a b out t he re su lt s of any of t he wor k. Th ut t hese test s sh ou ld h uvo fa iled is vcrv d isap p ointin g. Th e work was t ho ro ug h ly cnrricd out , each ma t er ia l t est ed bein g used at th ree di fforont st rongt lis . Th e results, h a d 1he re boon a ny , wou ld h a vc p rov en of iu toros t to all fr uit I;rO\\'cr s, 
Believing t ha t, some t h ing sh ould be sa id on t hc meri ts an d d em er it s of solub le oils, a nd h a ying fa iled in our effort s t o work out t he dc sired d a t a . " ' C we re t hen dep end en t for t his d a ta on t hc result s ob t aine d h y or chn rdi st s wh o used t hem durin g t hc se as on of HlOG-O'i, ' V it h a vie w to getti ng th is inf orm ati on , a d ozen or mor e orchards wh e re Scalcci do a nd Ta rget Brand were used , we re cx a .m inc d by jl r. R . 1. Smit h a n d myself. As con flict ing as were t he re su lt s i n m ost eases, we were able to di scover sc ve r nl p oin t s t h at sh ou ld b e of va lue to t h ose wh o int en d t o use oil t hi s se ason, 
Most of t he orc ha rds exam ined h ad been t rcated wit h Sca lecide . Alth ou gh we h av e n o d at a t o sh ow it , t here is no reason 
 
 r. 
t o believe th e ot her oil p rep a ra t ions, suc h as K il-O-Scal e an d T arget B rand wo uld no t give eq u a lly as goo d n, sh owing. 
Below are giye n n ot es on t he conditi ons t h a t were fou nd to ex ist in severa l o rch a rds t h a t were treated wit h Sculcci de last winter. Th e reade r can sec fo r h imself t he di spari t y in t he result s obtaine d . ,V here on e man got seemingly goo d resu lt s, hi s n eigh b or got n one n, t n,11. T hi s differe nce m ay be ex p la ine d o n t ho grou n d t ha t whi le one did h is work t horo ug h lv, t he ot her di d n ot. Thi s m ay b e t he real ca use of t he disp nri t y, b u t not hi ng p osit ive ca n be said on t his p oint. 
As fa r as we were ab le to lo.un , th e t ime a uclmot hod of ap pl ica t ion i nflucuc cs, to n, la rge ext ent , t lio success of the t rea t ment. H will be obse rved t hat in every ca se whore t h e orchard s were sp ra y ed i n th e crnly fa ll, b etter re sults were ob ta ine d t ha n where -t h e t rcnt mcn t wa s deferr ed unt il Sp ring . In two orchn rd s whe re t he m a t er ial h ad been applie d wit h n co urse sp rayiiig-n oz xlc, th e sc a le wn s n ot a t a ll we ll ki lled . W herc vor n fine n ozzle wa s used t he work wa s m ore e ffect ive. It a p pears, fr o m t he exa m ina tio n of t hese o rc hard s. t lia t a h igh pr essure p ump a nd a fine n ozzle enab led the sp raym nn t o co yer t hot rcc s bett er a nd wit h less m a t eri al. 
SCALEClDE (PRATT'S) 
Scn lccido is a p rod uct of t he B . G. P ratt Co., 11 B roadway, New York, a n d reco nuu cu dcd by t hom to be e ffect ive by dilut ing to a bo ut a six an d t wo-t hirds p el' ce nt so lutio n . They claim it to be a p et roleum oi l, readi ly m ixing wit h cold wat er in an y prop orti on , rem ainin g insep ara ble for da y s a n d week s . T hi s claim is ce rtain ly tr ue . It mi xes perfectl y with wa t er a n d will stay so in defini t ely . 
Scalecido is reco m mend ed by t he ma nu fact urer s to be dilut ed to a st re ngt h of one p art of Sc nlecido t o fift een p a rt s of water. F rom t he Iollowing. no tn s it will a p pear t hat t h is is a little to o wea k . Mixed wit h fift een pa rt s of wnt er it wa s so met imes ve ry ineffecti ve. At a greater st reng t h (one to twe lve) it ga ve hi ghl y efficient service. 
On Ap ri l 20 t h , '07, Mr . R . 1. S mit h ex amined t wo orc ha rds at ,V ar then , Ga . One, ow ned by Mr. Geo rge Gilmo re a n d sp raye d in J a nu a ry , _Hl07 wit h Scn lecido at one t o fift een , did n ot a ppea r t o h a ve giv e n goo d resu lt s. On so me t rees th e scale did n ot see m t o h a ve been killed at a ll. Th is conclit ion co u ld 
 
 hard ly ha ve been du e to poor spra ying , for on some trees, where on e limb had al ready bee n killed by sca le, t he men had bee n re- 
peat edly cau t ione d t o do t ho roug h wor k, and on th ese sa me t rees th e live scale wa s as abu ndan t as on a ny ot her s. Scnlo su bseq ue nt ly bee nme so bad in this orc ha rd and t he trees were so badly d am aged t hat Mr. Gilmo re du g u p t he ent ire orc ha rd . 
Mr. J . S. Du ggan 's orchard at t he sa me pla ce was also exa mined by Mr. Smith on Ap ril 2-Hh. r.lr. D uggan ha d bee n ve ry part icul ar to get th o trees well cov ere d, hold in g one of t he t wo lend s of hose him self , a nd by bein g present wa s s ure tha t t he negr o helpi ng hi m did his pa rt well. The st rengt h used in t his in st an ce wa s one part of Sca lecide to eleven an d it half of wat er, and th e sca le was kill ed as comp lete ly as it co uld hav e been with a nyt hing . T he re su lt in this in sta nce indi cat es t ha t Scale cid c at one to eleve n or twelv e will be ve ry effect ive if t ho ro ug hly ap plied . It indi cat es also t ha t t he sa me t re at me nt u nless ver y thoroughly a pplied , would p rob abl y be of lit tl e va lue. 
Mr . T . r.I. H aygood 's or chard at Gogginsv illo was exa mined b y Mr. Smi th on April 2,lth, 1907. The mat eria! her e used was made up at on e t o fifte en . I n a pa rt of t he or chard wh ere Mr. H aygood was most careful t o do t he work th orou ghly the scale was about a ll killed. T his sect ion wa s never more t han slight ly in fest ed . In an or chard of yo un g t rees t he work was not nearl y so effect ive, but Mr. H aygood st at ed t hat the work wa s don e hu rriedly, and prob ably so me of t he t rees were not so well covered . 
Mr. G. W. Bu tler at t he sa me place sprayed soveru l t housand 
t rees in J anuary witil Sca lecide at one to fiftee n . This orc hard was also ex a mine d by Mr. Smith on April 24th, 1907, an d it 
wa s found t hat in t he part of t he or chard wh er e he began spraying, and where a Sen -en nozzle, -throwin g a co ur se, fan-sh ap ed RpraY,-was used , t he sca le was not at a ll well ki lled. In anot her po rtio n of t he sa me orchard the mi xture was ap p lied t hrou gh a Mist ry no zzle, whi ch Mr. B utler said wa s fa r superior t a t he Se neea, and in t his p ortion t he resul t s were mu ch be tter . On so me trees t hat had previously been badly infest ed, it wa s difficu lt to find any livi ng sca le, while wit h th e sa me st rengt h, ap plied with t he Se neca nozzle t he sca le wa s, for t he m ost part , a live. T his case appea rs to be a good ill ust rati on of t he val ue of a. fine nozzle. 
 
 Bo th of th ese or cha rds were again exa mined by myself on Sep t . 20t h. P r acti cally t he sa me cond it ion s were found to exist as wh en :\11'. Smit h exa mined t hem in t he spri ng, exce pt" of cours e, t hc live sca le was more abunda nt in both orch ards . I n )11'. H ay good 's y oun ger orchar d t he scale ha s multiplied so t hat t his sc ct ion was mu ch worse infest ed t han it had eve r been. In t ha t part of :\11'. Bu tl er's orchard where t he Mistry nozzle was used the scale had not multip lied su fficie nt ly to hur t t he trees serious ly. 
On Sept ember 13t h a nd l -lth , )11'. Smit h a nd myself visit ed se vera l orchards at F ort Vall ey a nd vicini ty. Th e condit ions th at wer e fo und t o exist in t hese or cha rds ar c b riefly given below : 
A young plum or chard belon ging to :\11'. Ed F agan was exa mince!. Pa rt s of t his or cha rd, bad ly infest ed in 1000, were spra yed in J anuary , 100? , wit h Scnlccid o at one to fift een. T he result s of t his t ront .mont on da t e of examinat ion, seem to be pract ically negati ve. Live scale was found in a bun dan ce on t r unk, limbs and lea ves. An adj oin in g peach orcha rd, also the proper t y of Mr . F agan an d th e sa me age as t he plums, sp rayed in Ko\' cmber, 1000, showed mar kedly bett er result s. So me live scale was found, but t he trout .mont was undoubtedly be ne ficia l. Th e ma teria l in bot h cases was dilu ted to t he sa me st rengt h, and t he owner assured us that t he work was thorou ghly done in bo t h orchards. 
T his decid ed con t ra st in t he clegreo of effcc tivcn css of the t \VO treat ments can be ex plained on no ot her grounds t ha n t hat t he pea ches were spraye d at th c t ime t o gain t he maximum a mo unt of effect iveness Iro m t ho em ulsion, whi le t he plu ms were not. T his case affords a st riking illust ra ti on of wh at sccmed to be t rue ev erywhere, t ha t t he fall sp rayings were considera bly more effect ive t ha n t hose ma de in t he win t er 0 1' ea rly spring. 
Mr. Evan 's orcha rd at Fort Vall ey also sho wed confl ict ing re su lt s. H is yo unge r t rees appe ared not t o be rid of t he scale by treatmen t , ex cept t o a sm all ext ent. Th e older t rees showed good work. The Scalccidc was, in bo t h cases, mad e up at one to fifte en . T his work was donc in Decem ber , 1000. . 
Examin ati on of t he Ohio F rui t land Co.'s orch ard, ad joining that of Mr. Evans, showed a la rger pel' cent. of dead scale, though t he t rea t ment could not be cnllcd suc cessfu l. Th is orc hn rd was spra ye d t he latt er p ar t of Kovc mber, 1000 , wit h Sca locido at a st rengt h of one t o fift ecn . 
 
 I n a sect ion of th e Oh io Fruitland Co.' s orc hard at :' Iyrt le , sp ra y ed in J nnu nry , 1007 , we foun d verv p oor resu lt s , So me t rees t hat h ad been ve ry ba d ly in fes ted had bee n gi\'en t wo hea vy d rcn ch in gs wit h Sca lccid c at a st rengt h of one to fift een . T hese sa me trees sh o wed live sca le in a b u nda nce, an d the re was evide n ce t o sh o w t hat t he pe rce nt age of sca le ki lled by t he treat me nt wa s very s ma ll. 
At Gogginsy ille I visit ed o n Septc mb er 20th a n orc ha rd th a t she wed hi gh ly effect ive result s fr om Sc ulcc ido, u sed at a st ren gt h of o ne p art of Scn locide to t wolvo p ar t s of wa t er. \\Then th is o rchard , t he proper t y of illr , E. H um b le, wns t rea te d it , had su fforcd severe ly fro m a yery he nyy in fest at ion of seale a nd on ly radica l mea su res cou ld h a ve sa ve d it. Wh en t he c xa min ut ion \ \": 15 mad e pract ica lly a ll sea le h ad bcun killed , T he limbs of man y t rces were d ead , bu t t hey h ad been ki lled bef o re t h e treatm en t was a p p lied , W here ver a lim b or sh oot was not so mu ch we ukc uotl hy t he sc a le t h at it cou ld not Iivc, a ne w healt h y g ro \\,t h h ad pu t ou t d u ri ng t he su m me r , Not h iug defin it e ca n he said abo ut t he q ua lity of t he work done on th is orc h urd , whet her good or ba d , bu t th e e xce lle nt resu lt s t esti fy to its t h oroughn ess. 
It will be ob serv ed t hat t he strengt h used in all of t he a bove ea ses , e xce pt t hr ee, was one to fift een . None of t he o rch a rds e xam ined whore Sca lccido wns used a t t hi s st re ngt h , sho ws th a t I,he sca le h a d bee n kep t from ga ini ng co usidcrn hie head Iya'y d uri ng t he breed ing scnso u, an d d oing ad d it io na l d am a ge to t he t ree s, On ly wh ere t he oil wns u sed at a g re a t or st ren gt h and wit h t ho ro ugh nes s, is th ere p osit iv e p roof t h a t th e treat m ent h as h ad t he d esir ed effect . 
TARGET BRAND SCALE DE STR OYER. 
Ta rget Bra nd is a solub le oil co mpo un d, m ad e by th e Am er ica n H o rt icult ural D is! ri bu t ing Co m p a ny of Mart j usln ug , \Y es t Vi rginia . T ho munu fuct u rc rs nd vcrt iso it as :1 solub le mi ner a l oil, a nd reco m me nd it to be used a t t he p ro port ion of o ne p a rt of Target B ra nd to nine t een paris of wa t er. 
Owing t o a la ck of t im e a nd op po rt un it y we visit ed bu t one o rcha rd t hat h ad been t rc nt cd wit h t h is ma t er ia l. Th is orc h a rd was t he p rop er t y of :' Ia jor :' I:l<" l) ona ld at F or t Vall ey . iiiI'. Xl a cDon nld was not pe rson all y acq ua in t eel wit h t he det ai ls of t his work , he hay ing e ngaged a man t o .t a ko ch a rge of it. \Y e 
 
 wer e unab lc to learn when t ho t rees were spraye d , th e man wh o supervised t he wo rk being a bse nt fro m tow n t he d ay th e inspec t io n was mad e , \Ve d id , howev er , find t h at it was used at a slightl y incre ased st rengt h (one to fift een ) , E xamin ati on of this orc hard showed most cout rudict ory resu lt s. In the sect ion we first exa mined t he resu lt s were app arent.ly very suc cessful, bu t t he second port ion, sep ara t ed fro m t he fir st by a road , wo fo und th at nothin g ha d been accomp lishe d by the t reatmen t , if, indeed , t hey h ad been sp ray ed at a ll. It seems likely , in view of t he ex t reme con trast bet ween live sca le in one end of t his orc ha rd and t he other, t h nt t he second p art was not t reated . Could t here be n cert ainty of t his at th e tim e of t his wri t ing , 1 would unh esita t ingly say t hat th e t reat me nt h ad been th orou gh a nd th e result s fine. But , in view of my ign ornn co of t he m anner in whic h t he orc hard was t rea t ed, only t he facts re lat ive to it ca n be st at ed . 
B etween T arget Brand , Sca locidc a nd E:il-O-Senlc t here seems t o be litt lo cho ice. All a rc solub le oils, wit h so mcwh nt simila r formu lae, all a re mor o or less a like, ncco mp lishi ng abo ut parallel result s wh en dilut ed with t ho same prop ort ionntc a mo unt of water. T h is st at cment as to t lie co in p a ra t ivo result s is made fr om obscrv ut ion alone . 
Aft er exa mining t lic orc ha rds menti on ed above a nd at taining a n a pp rox ima t e idea of t he cond it ions p reva lent in eac h, it seems safe t o rcc onun on d t hose oiIs und er t lie folio'\'ing condit ions : 
Fi rst : That th ey be not used at a greater dilu ti on than one pa rt of oiI t o t wclvc p art s of wnt or. An incre ased st re ngt h of, say one t o elevcn, 01' one to tw elve, wou ld not CIT on t he sick of discret ion . 
Second : T hat t he t reat mont be ap p lied as soon aft er th o leaves drop as p ossible. Bet t er resul t s h ave been sec ure d in every in st anco wh ere t he spra ying was d one curly in t he Ia ll. 
T hi rd: Th at care be exe rcis ed in select ing th e prop cr spraying eq uipme nt . A hi gh -p ressure pump , ca pable of sust aining a const ant for ceful pr essure, in sures bette r work with mu ch less loss of mat erial. A sa ving of mat eri a l is a lso affect ed by using good nozzles, and in add it ion to th o saving t here is a decid ed increase in t lie offotti vcness of t he work . 
F our th: Th at all t rees b adl y infest ed wit h scale be sprayed twice, once in th e fa ll and aga in in t he sp ring. Thi s is alwnys eco no my- t he tree is th e ob ject of sa lvat ion . 
 
 It is hoped t h at t he p oint s brought out in t his brief discussion of some of the p rincip al soluble oil compounds will be helpful t o t hose who ex pect t o use any of t he m t his seas on. Becau se of t he lack of ad eq uat e kn owled ge of t he valu e of t hese comp ounds it is imp ossible t o say more at t he present t im e. Th e in t enti ons of th e Boar d of E nto mology a re t o mak e a dup licat e, as far as possible, of t he ex pe riment whi ch was conducte d last fa ll, and failed . N" ext year we hope to be in a p osit ion to report, with t he p roper degree of acc uracy on t he resu lt s of the prospective te st s. Unt il t h at t ime we ar c unable t o recommend t hese prod uct s, exce pt un der t he pr ovisions menti oned elsewher e. ]f t hese su ggest ions are followed t here is no reason to believe t hat th e t ime and money ex pe nde d in t he effort will n ot be successful. 
SPRAYING ACCESSORIES. 
T o secure good result s wit h any sprnying mat eria l t he select ion of a suit ab le ouHit is an import ant fa cto r. Th e ch oice of t he kind of apparat us lies wit h t he pu rchaser , bu t is, of course, det er mined by t he num ber of t rees to be sp ra yed . In addit ion to t he pump, t here shou ld be p lent y of good hose, nozzles, et c. Spraying is considera b ly simp lifi ed by using an ext ension rod of t he proper length . As a matt er of informat ion, t he subject of spra ying outfits is br iefly taken up . 
P uxn-s: A very ser viceab le p u mp for usc in or char ds of 5,000 t rees or less is t he 50- gallon b arr e! pump . This ca n be b ough t of a ny of t he wh olesale h ar d ware establish me nts in t he stat e th at h an dl e spray out fit s, at a mod erat e cost . If kept in good condition t hi s p um p will last for y ea rs and will furni sh pr essure su fficient to ope rate t wo leads of h ose. 
F ig ur e 1. 
T he double cylinder pump is in t ended f or use in la rger orchar ds . Thi s is a durab le pu mp made for fittin g t o wagon tank s. T he work ing par t of t he mech a nism does not come in contact wit h the ta nk conte nt s an d in t his way t he corrosion from t he ca ust ic acti on of t he m at eri al is conside rab ly redu ced . 
 
 A doubl e cylinder pu mp oporatos about as easily as a barrel pump, and at t he sa me t ime it is possib le t o get a mu ch higher pr essur e. 
 
F igure 2. 
E XT E NSIO N R ODS. An exte nsion rod should form a par t of every outfit . Th e best rod for ordinary purposes is an ir on rod mad e of one-quart er inch piping. T his rod ca n be cut to any convenient lengt h, or it can be jointed. Such a rod with st op-cock attached is shown in Fig. l. 
STOP - COCKS . T o avoid wast e a st op-cock is very desira ble. A cut of this arrangement is also shown in Fig._l. 
 
//'-~':'f~:'~'" .., ~::\. 
 
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r-, " 
 
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.<'~.2::;~{j):2~~l:; '.' 
 
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. , } _." J. 
 
F igure 3. 
 
Fi g ure 1. . 
 
 NOZZL E S . Desira b le t ypes of n ozzles ar c sh own in F igures 2, :3 an d 4. F ig. 2 shows a Vet-morel nozzle, F ig. :{ a double Verrnorc l and Fi g. 4 a Mistry . The doub le Vorm orc l is int ende d for u sc on la rge t rees. Th ere is a new Mist ry nozzle now on t he market t hat is su perior t o t he old types. It is mu ch si mp lor in const ruct ion and eas ier t o clea n and opera t e. 
 
LIME AND SULPHUR WASH. 
 
F or the infor m at ion of th ose \d1O will usc lime an d su lp h ur 
 
wash , th e for mul a and man ne r of ma kin g sa me is given : 
 
F ormu la: Li me ._.__. .. 
 
._ __ ____ _____ ______ ___ ____ 20 jJ O lIll CJ,.; . 
 
Su lphur 
 
1G p ou nds. 
 
W at er . 
 
... 
 
.3 0 Ga ls. 
 
B oil from forty minu t es to one ho ur. 
 
Directions: Mix t he su lp hur in t o a t hin past e, b reak ing u p all t he lu mps. P our t his past e int o fifte en gallons of wat er whi ch has previously been b rough t t o a boil in a kett le, 0 1' boilin g t ank, or vat, if ste a m is used . Th en ad d th e st one lime, wh ich should he weigh ed out and ready for usc. St ir t he mixt u re t ho rough ly while t he lime is sla king. W at er shou ld be rep lac ed as need ed to rep la ce t ha t t ak en u p by t he sla king lime . T he mixt ur e should be coo ked wit h as little wat er as p ossibl e . Ca re should be tak en, h owever, not t o linve it t oo t hiek. Wh en d on e, t he liqu or h as a dirty ora nge red color with a sort of greenish cast . One may he sa t isfied t hat it is properly cooked when it has reached t his stage . St ra in in t o barre! or t a n k and d ilut e wit h wat er. Boilin g in op en kettl es ta kes a sligh t ly longer t im e t ha n st ea m cooking . 
 
LIME, SULPHUR AND SALT WASH. 
 
Fo rmu la: 
 
Lime 
 
, 
 
Su lp hu r 
 
Sa lt 
 
20 pou nd s . IG pound s 
10 pou nds 
 
Water 
 
50 gals. 
 
B oil from fort y m inut es t o one hour . 
 
Directions: T his mi xture is p re pared ex actly like the lim e and sulp h ur wash , ex cept t he sa lt is ad ded wh en t he lime has sla ked . 
 
 Th o result s obt aincd from limo. sulph ur a nd salt wash do not a ppe ar to be superior t o th ose obt aincd from t he lime-sulphu r p repu rat ion. 1t is in advisab le to add t ho salt as th e rcsuit ing wash is mu ch more cau sti c and co rr osive tlrnn the ot her, an d th o wea r a nd tea r on th o spra y ing outfit is mar c seve re. Th o mi xture ma de with ou t t he sa lt ad he res ju st as well to t he t ree and is ap pa ren t ly just as effect ive .