l ~CULAR No. 54. 
 
New Series. 
 
f 
 
CROP 
 
REPORT 
 
For the Month of May, 7884. 
 
JUL 2~ 
 
E'HOWIKG 
AREAS PLANTED,_.CONDITION OF GROWING CROPS AND OTHER MATTERS RELATING TO AGRICULTURE IN GEORGIA. 
 
Commissioner.  
.J 
~-;..1.~..  
ATLANTA, GEORGIA : ]} , ~f.J} _. ~"" 
Jas. P . Ha.rri.son &:eo.,:Prlnters, Binders and Electrotypers . 1884. 
 
 Oricul(J!f' No. 54. } 
NEW SERIES. 
CROP .. REPORT 
 
FOR THE MO~TH OF MA.Y, 188. 
 
RETURNED TO THE DEPAB.T.\fE~T OF AGRICULTuRE, JUNE 1, 188!. 
t DEPARTMENT OF AGRICOWU!lE, An A-u, J u~e 11, 1884-. f 
 
CQRN. 
 
The condition of the crop in North Georgia compared to this tim~last year, is 95; in Middle Georgia., 93; in Southwest Georgia, 98; in East Georgia, 101; in Southeast Georgia, 102; and in the whole State, 98. 
The crop has been kept back by the low temperature of the month of May. The cold has also favored the destruct~ve work of the bud worm by which the stand has been injured on low grounds. Notwithstanding thesa casualties the average coudition for the State is seven per cent bet ter than last year and but two per cent be.low au averagP. The dry May bas favored the proper cultivation of the land and the cr)P is considered in promising condition.  
 
OATS: 
 
The yield of this crop when harvested compared to an average yield; 
 
in Northwest Geprgia 63, Middle Georgia 70, Sou~hwest Ge)rgia 77, East 
 
Georgia 75, Southeast Georgia 84, and for the Stat-e 74. 
 
The prospective yield where not harvested, compared to an average, in 
 
North Georgia is 66, Middle Georgia 68, in Southwest Georgia 75, in East 
 
Georgia 74, in Southeast Georgia 75, and in the whole State, 72. 
 
The harvested portion of the crop is C)nfined in most of the State to the 
 
fall sowing. In North Georgia a very small portion of the crop was ready 
 
to cut at this date (June 1st.). 
 
 
 
The yield and condition of hio crop falls nearly ten per cent below the 
 
prospective estimate_s of April. As the rust was making its appearance 
 
 DEPARTMENf OF AGRICULTURE--GEORGIA, 
 
(881 
 
m some sections of Northern and Middle Georgia at the time the reports of correspondents were forwarded (June 1st,) this may reduce the yield, with the late sowings, below the prospective indications of that date. The rust had made it.s appearance in twt>lve counties and the damage to the crop is reported by one correspondent at 15 per cent. Othere, where the disease had made its appearance, give the dal,llage at 10 per cent or less. 
 
WHEAT. 
 
The yield of this crop, where harvested, in comparison :with an average 
 
yield, in North Georgia., is 85, in Middle Georgia 90, in Southwest Georgia 
 
87, in East Georgia 93. and in the State 89. 
 
The prospective condition, where not harvested, is reported in North 
 
Georgia 95, in Middle Georgia 87, in Southwest Georgia 85, in East Geor- 
 
gia 91; and in the whole State, 89 . 
 
Rust is noticed in three counties of North Georgia, sixteen counties of 
 
Middle Georgia, eight counties of Southwest Georgia, and in three coun 
 
ties of East Georgia. The injury to the crop from this casualty is report- 
 
ed at 1.5 per cent. 
 
. 
 
In reply to the inquiry, ''What variety of wheat has given the best re 
 
sults in your county ?" eighty-six correspondents name the Purple Straw 
 
or Blue Stem, twenty-eight the DJ.llas, and eight the Red May, as the best 
 
varieties. 
 
COTTON. 
 
The stand of this crop the first of June compared to a good stand, in 
 
Northwest Georgia is 97, in Middle Georgia 96, in Southwest Georgia 97, 
 
in East Georgia 93, in Sout.heast Georgia 94, and iri the whole State 97. 
 
The condition compared to an average in North Georgia is 92, in Mid- 
 
dle Georgia 96, in Southwest Georgia 97, in East Georgia 91, in South 
 
east Georgia 97, and in the whole State 96. 
 
 
 
The stand and condition is six per cent below the report for the month 
 
of May, 1883. The crop has been genera.lly well worked but the growth 
 
has been retarded and the stand impaired by the low temperature of the 
 
. month. 
 
SUGAR CANE AJ.~D SORGHUM. 
 
The sta~d of sugar-cane compared to a good stand is 87, and the con- 
 
dition compared to average 89. 
 
 
 
The condition of the sorghum crop is reported 75. 
 
MISCELLANEOUS CROPS. 
 
The I1-ish potato crop compared to an average is 95. This is reported above an aver!i-ge in East Gec.rgia, only, where the average is given at 106. 
The swee_t potato crop in area compared to last year is 97, and the condition compared to avera.ge 94. 
 
 l89] 
 
CROP REPORT--1884. 
 
The condition anJ prospect compared to average of ?'ice is 96, grotmd peas 95, and m-elons 95. 
 
FRUIT. 
The prospect for a fruit crop is better in most parts of the State than a.ny time since 1878. The averAge for the State for that year wa~, peaches 116, apples 961 and pears 93; for the pre:?ent year, peaches 90, apples 56, a.nd pears 70. The grape prospect is reportl'd for the. State 96. 
In North Georgia the peach pro!<pect is reported 69, in Middle Georgia 99, in Southwest Georgia 113, in East Georgia 102, and Southeaf.t Georgia. 66 . 
Correspondents from North ' Georgia state that some orchards in that section have failfd entirely, but the lowest report is 1C per cent. of an average. 
STOCK: 
The WQOl clip is reported in ~orth Georgia 96, in :Middle Georgia 98, in Southwest Georgia 96, in East Georgia 96, in Southeast Georgia 100. and the average for the State 97. 
There are complaints of loss of she~p from dogs in every wdion of the State. Some corre~pondents state that nearly all of the sheep have been killed. 
Stock is generally reported in healthy condition. Cholera among bogs and murrain in cattle are mentioned ss existing in a few localities. 
 
A WORD OF CAUTION. 
 
It is most reasonable to expect a state of great stringency in the ensuing 
 
season, so far as forage is concerned, unle@s the farmers of Georgia take 
 
such precautionary measures as will relieve the pressure occasioned Ly 
 
the loss of our fall so'Ying of oats and the damage to th.e spring s JWing 
 
from drought. While the accounts from the epring crop of oats sre quite 
 
varia.nt, a.nd in some sections. of the State that crop is very satisfactory, 
 
still, we regret to say, this flattering report is not general by any means. 
 
Forage we must hs.ve on our farms, and in liberal amount, if we are to 
 
have a. prosperous state of things, or even one of tolerable comfort. The 
 
amount of long forage required for anything like an adequate supply is 
 
va.stly greater than most of us, without close figuring, would be willing to 
 
admit. Even with a strict and wise economy the amoun~ of provender 
 
which a.n ordinary stock of cattle will consume for four or five months in 
 
the season of scarcity is simply enormous. What., then, in view of_ores- 
 
 
 
ent nnbvora.ble indicaLions, should we do ? The course is plain, in our 
 
judgment. Let us bejZin in time and plant such forage crops as the length 
 
of onr seasons 'Will mature. First sow Indian corn in drills four feet 
 
 6 
 
. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE-GEORGIA 
 
L90J 
 
apart, and if the sweet corn varieties c:1.nnot be had, wliich, with some experimenters, is :vastly' preferred, then any other variety will do. Gov. Brown, who is high authority in this line of economy, ~:~owed at the rate of six bushels of . seed to the acre. But this amount will require very heavy manuring, but we can say from observation that the. yield will be enormous. Then we have peas, either in the drill or broadcast. If seasons will permit of a perfect curing of the pea vine we are much inclined to the.opiuion that in real value it exceeds all known forage plants, without exception. We knew a team of mules worked a whole summer in the crop with not a thing else to subsist on but good pea hay. Let the crop begin to. make before cutting. Among the rece:.1t introductions in the list of forage plants the experience of myself and some reliable friends induces the opinion that the Minnesota amber cane is among the very beat of our resources. It tillers well, etands drought, is nearly a month earlier in maturing than any other variety of sorghum, can be cut at least three times during the season, and both jn the plant and seed parts is highly relished by stock. We do not advise the sowing as late as the present writing of Millo maize or Teocinte, both no doubt very valuable if sowed in time. The prvcei!ses of curing the v>~.ri ms fvuga plants differ very widely and meet with every degree of success. The serious mistake. we think very often made is in bulking too heavily the swath as cut, and thereby causing mildew, which we are sure is m ost injurious to all stock. On the other hand we should avoid too much exposure to the wasting effects of our brJt sunshine. 
 
LECTURE OF VILLE ON STOCK AND STOCK RAISING. 
In the Report which is issued for the month of May, I offer to the farm  era of Georgia another paper, translated from that distinguished authority, 
Mons. George Ville, of France. It will hardly be necessary to repeat here that M. Ville bas achieved a reputation second perhaps to no other in Europe in his knowledge ' and experim'entation in progressive, scientific agriculture, and whatever is published under the sanction of his name is entitled to the highest respect. The paper we givA in the preee~t Report while it is minute and exhaustive, is at the same time replete with suggesti~ns and items of very great practiool value. I would recommend that all into whose banda this lecture of Prof. Ville on '' stock and stock raieing" may come, should give it close attention and 'study. The tran,slation and reproduction of such articks as we give from Prof. Ville, thus making availaple to tlie farmers of Georgia a great fund of valuable instruction hitherto denied_ us, llas for a long time impressed me . most favorably. Still, I will not feel myself justified in prosecuting .this endeavor any further than I am indorsed and encouraged by the verdict oi those for  whose benefit .the enterprise is undertaken. So far, it bas m .with decided enaouragement, and from some of the leading minds in 
oui State most interested in such matters. I would .most respect- 
fully ask a further expression of opinion from our farmer friends in regard to this new enterpri.5e, and for any suggestions which 
 
 (91] 
 
CROP REPOUT--1884, 
 
7 
 
may occur in the manner of prosecuting it. No reasonable labor or expense should be grudgingly withheld in our attempts to stimulate inquiry or effort in behalf of the greatest of all our industries, the proper til1ing of the soil, but at the same time we should guard against a futile or reckless expenditure of money even in the line of such a commendable and all-important work. 
 
 TABL.I!:- SllOWING TilE CONDITION OF CROPS, ETC., I N GEORGIA JUNE 1ST, 1884. 
 
NORTH Gl'X>RGIA. 
 
:i Oat. IVhea/.. I. otltm. <,.~ Sugar- Potafou. 
 
I jlt C'ondUim FMtU Pro4]Ject 
 
00 
 
"sg' ., .. - .. "' aaes s se "' I~ COUNTIES. 
 
"' "' "' 8."" --og><l> ... 0~ 
 
-~. 
~~~ 
 
a- !--:~- - ~~ - ~ -d ~r-)j.-.<. --Oa-nB~. ~-~:"~: 4')~8a1 
 
m 
s~91 ~ 
 
-.:.:! -"' s ..._ .... a . . a s a >.;,. .=.. ~ .!'i lJ 4)~?-'~.!:, ~c::- o 
 
,p...,w>--.ca~s ~-o...p..,.~~.-;-(J- 
 
~ 
 
0 'Q)~ (!$ 
 
WQj 
 
eo 
 
~ice 
t_, :; ~0 
 
~ 
 
Q. 
 
'~0 
 
"d ~ Po 
 
'-Oda.'o,d.SOilcl..<c;d>~....p. t.cs 
 
en ~ rfoi Q. 
 
 coS 
o 
 
(]qmpc.rea to QJmpared to lw'ge. .!! 
 
.Average. 
 
3 
 
cJ-: tog .= o; "a0-~ 
e t)g e JJ~II ~,; ~I 1; .,-\!..: ':t:la.~.. 
i~[i  
 
-~~~ '-o.".s."g~~." 
 
Q)~ 
.~e.,. 
"-"' 
&~.+o8:l 
 
--~-!-"o"~>')'a8";-:' 
 
~Q")e 
"oo.-.~", 
g 
 
~Q> 
.-,..',:i ~.s 'CC'd 
 
8 -"0.::."~; ~ ~ -G) 
 
:00gg;~~~; 
r0 
g  
 
p.~ 
a8"!i' 
~ ~ 
 
8~" ~e 
:-0.;::a":.~:.' 
 
~~ 
-ti" 
~ay..~..,, 
 
~~.~s 
.!~3f"!' 
g. 
 
"~ 
0., 
.acpe. 
g g 
 
-  - --- - - - - - - - - - - - -  - - ::.:> ~ il< ~ il< . en ::.:> o -n u "" "' 11 ;,., 
 
Banks ... .... .. .. ....... .... ......................... .. .. .. Q.) . GO 
 
104 102 9~ 95 87 82 RO 92 100 
 
- - p::j c;!). ... 
100 100 . 95 
 
s 
il< 68 
 
'"'l 62 
 
0.., 
 
il< 
 
~"0'. 0p.<,D; h 
 
- 
 
88 
 
Bortow . ... . ......... .. . . ..... ... ....... . ....... ...... ... . . . 90 ... 
 
71) l OU 100 
 
60 100 90 
 
100 90 50 loO 50 
 
-~~1::~~ Catoosa .. .... ................ .... .......... . ............. .. 
ioo Chattooga.. ....... ......... .. .... .. .... . ............ .. .. .. 
 
97 ioo '97 
 
100 'iils io~ 100 
 
100 95 
 
105 io~ 60 41 75 1().1 100 
 
t; M 
~ 
~ 
8 
0 >9 
 
Cherokee ..... .. . . . . , . . .. ... . ......... . ........ . ..... .. ... .. 90 .... t:S Cobb .. . ...... ... ..... . ........ . . ........ ............... .. 88 ... . 57 
 
ioo ioo 84 95 ~15 90 
85 99 94 98 
 
96 90 9b 85 104 84 
 
100 100 65 66 50 88 95 100 . 95 91 ~5 75 100 75 
 
II> 
Q 
 
Dade .... ..... ....... ...... ...... ... .. ...... . ............ .. 78 .... 6S 
 
100 96 98 100 
 
100 IOU 100 
 
.\00 08 88 70 60 90 102 
 
~~~\\i~::: ::::: : :: :;:::::::::;:: : ::::::::::::::::::: Dawaon.......... ................................... . .. .. 95 .... 
"88 .... Fannin ... . .... ...... . ......... ... .. ... ............... .. ... . 
"2o 100 R~ 
 
60 78 
 
.. .. 
 
100 
"88 
 
100 95 
 
100 
"88 
 
100 
'iilo 
 
.. .. 
 
.. .. 
 
100 78 
 
60 
 
80 101> 10~ 90 
 
80 
 
47 7b 88 9G 84 R5 
 
82 
 
50 
88 . 88 ioo ..76 "!,8 " Iii; 
95 95 ... 100 10~ 70 93 80 .,.. 60 85 81 
 
60 
 
90 ... . 
 
88 ioo 'iilo "95 
"so 70 60 100 
65 58 85 
 
Gilm e r ............ .. . ................ . ................ . . . .. 9l 105 110 90 96 !)0 90 110 
 
lOS 102 90 .. .. 110 
 
110 70 82 
 
105 
 
Gordon . .. .... ..... ................................... . Hwlnnctt ..... ..... ............................... .. .. .. 
ioo Uahersham ......................................... ,. ... 
Hall ...... .... .. ..... .. .................  ............... . 
... . .... Haralson ........ . . ... . ...................... .. .......... .. 
]04 ... ... . Bart .. .. .............. . .... . : . ....... .. .......... ..... . . 
.... .lacksbn .. .... ........ .. ................ .... ............. . 
::::::.::::::..:::: ::::::::::::::::: :::: :: .. ::::: ... . . kt.'dP!~~. ... .... .... Milton.... .... ........ . . . .... .. .. . . ... . . .. ............ . ... .. 0 
'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.:::::::: ::::::::: .' ::::::::::::: .'  a:fdi~ii.'.'.'.' .... Pickens ...... ............... .. ........... . .......... .. 
Polk .. ... .. .. .. .. .... .. .. .. ............... ...... .... .... .. 
1()0, ... Rabun ................................... ..... .......... .. 
::::::::::::::.::: :: ::.::..: ::.: :::::::::::::::: 10l ... t~,~:: : ~::. Walker . ... ... .. .... . ......................... ... , ..... . ::': ~~ White .. .. .. . .... ... .... . .. . . ... ..... . .. .. ....... : ...... .. 
".to "5o WhiWlcld ... ..... ... ...... ...... .... .... .............. ... . 
 
91 93 
s9o6 30 
100 
90 .... 
 
4~ 
61 37 IJO 75 .. .. 70 ... 75 00 
 
100 .. -- ~0 
 
lOS 
 
75 .... 
 
98 .... 7ft .... 
 
90 100 
 
..5..0 
 
!)O .... 
 
50 .... 
 
50 65 
 
..... . 
 
75 .... 50 
 
125 .... Al 
 
112 .... l~~ 
 
87 .... 68 
 
00 ... "5i 
 
90 lOtl 95 100 81 100 100 97 
 
'  
 
76 81 
 
94 91 
 
95 88 .... 100 
 
8.~ 
85 
 
48 45 
 
7'1 65 
 
53 66 
 
94 100 98 
 
103 100 AA 100 
110 100 100 7n 
 
9l 9' 88 100 .. 60 50 60 
 
100 76 
 
98 25 
 
7ao2 
 
90 108 10 120 
 
96 102 85 
115 
100 
95 lj)O 
 
100 95 100 100 100 
 
102 10-1 96 .... 
 
90 
85 
107 100 100 
 
85 
"ilo 
107 98 100 
 
75 
. 75 lOll 92 100 
 
........ .. . 
.... 
 
........... 
 
110 110 96 102 
so 85 
65 9\l 92 94 103 98 100 160 
 
80 101 
 
.... .... 
 
.1.0..0 
 
100 104 
 
l2fi 92 
 
100 87 
 
77 .... 70 90 82. 70 
 
GO 
 
87 'iio ' ioo 4~ 
 
98 !00 110 
 
...... .... 
 
100 100 100 
 
100 100 110 
 
75 98 100 
 
58 108 15 
 
120 76 70 
65 42 100 100 
 
88 90 
100 100 80 
75 
 
120 91 82 
90 100 100 100 
 
101 100 110 100 1(1() 
9~ 
 
!lO 
 
~0 
00 
 
.... 
 
.. . 
 
100 ... 
 
82 100 7~ .... GO 100 60 80 50 . : . 100 
 
so 95 
 
100 .. .... 0060r>ll57 100 
 
ioo 'ioo 100 lOll 11:0 .. 100 100 110 2!; .. 
 
100 1110 1110 .. . 
 
11 5 (\r) 112 100 
 
110 
 
95 80 
89 
 
'94 "9a 
 
"89 "9o 
 
.. 
 
95 
 
. 
. ... 
 
1110 1011 JIJ( .... .. . .. 75 75 100 100 ]00 90 96 95 ... uo90846035 96 100 
 
"87 "78 '78 .::: :: : :::. "s7 
 
100 08 
 
~ 
e 
' Q 
M 0 
~ ~ 
,......, 
<0 
...~ ._. 
 
AveragtL .. ........................... ." .. ... .. ........... _' 951 631 661 851 951 Oil Oll Oil 951 911 881 901 891 1001 901 961 691 411 661 881 96 
 
 Mtl>DtE GE0RG1A.. 
 
~ 
 
00 
 
Baldwin. ... . .. ... . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . . . . . . . . . . ..... . . . . . . . . .. . 90 . . .. 77 100 95 106 96 100 100 9u 100 1~6 - 9~ .. . . no 1:.!0 1101 ~If 7~- - 1 ~ 0 100 '--' 
 
Bibb.. .. .. .. . . . . . . .. . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Butts......... ... .. . . . . . . . . .. ... . . . . . . . . .. . . .. . . . . . . .. . 
 
9n5o...70. 
 
HO 100 tOO G7 . . . 90 
 
SO SO 
87 1no 
 
76 90 
 
60 
so 
 
6S 60 100 liO   . 
sa 60 100 so .. 
 
90 95 
 
85 150 40 60 95 100 GO ~o M .. . 100 . .. 
 
2:~ES~~~: ::: ::::::::.:.:::::::::::::::::::::.. : :: : ::: : : : - -~l --~~ . .:o --~~ __so -~~ - -~ --~~ - -~~ --~ __oo - ~~ ..9~ :. ::. ~5 -~~ __87 . .76 - - ~ -~~ -~~ 
 
Clarke . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90 50 60 110 t 100 96 . . 90 . . . 65 100 88 . . . . 100 80 110 70 o6 75 100 
 
Clayton . .. . . . .. .. ..... . . . .. . . . . ... . ... ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 M so 95 90 95 too 100 95 95 80 105 95 .  . 110 90 U Q 86 75 tOO !JO 
8~~~~~~: : : : :::: :: :::::: : ::: : : : : :: : : :: : :: : : :: :::::::: : ~~ ~~ ~; - ~~ 1~~ 1: 1gg tgg 1~ 1~ 1~g 1~ g~ ::: ~~ ~ ~~~ ~ 1g0.:~ 11Jg 
 
DeKAib ... .. .. .. . ... ........ .... . . .. . . .. .. .. . . .. .. .. .. .. . 88 .  . 66 85 86 92 88 95 .. . . . .. . 90 9t 113 .. .. 60 90 100 26 IJ3 80 llO Doogl1111 .. .. .. . .. .... .. .. ........ .. ... .... .. .. .. .. . . .. .. .. . 95 .. . 82 .. . 75 105 100 100 .. .. .... 9~ 100 100 .... 90 105 105 100 95 100 90 
 
Elbert.... .... .. .... . .. . ....... ... ..... .... .. .. .. .. .. .. . ... 95 80 52 105 102 100 95 100 .. . . . . . 90 90 100 .. .. 90 95 10 16 M 100 too 
 
Fayette .. .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . . .. ... .. . .. .. .. .. .. . . .. .. . .. .. .. .. . 9' .. .. es . . . . s o 95 90 80 ao too 95 100 9~ .. .. 105 !5 80 58 a~ 100 90 
 
Fulton ...... .. .. ....... .. ...... . . .. ..... .. .. . .. ..... . . , .... . 82 . . . . 70 . . . 70 1 96 lOt .. . . . .. . 85 120 tOO .. . . .. . . 1()11 75 10 70 100 .. .. 
 
Green ., .. . . .. . .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. . .. . . . .. . .. .. .. .. .. . .. . .. . 95 45 40 90 92 ItO 100 100 75 9a 15 92 95 . . . . 100 JOt 85 110 110 1f.O 100 
 
Hancock.... . . .. . .. .. . . .. .. .. .. . .. . .. .. . .. .. .. . . . .. . . . . . . !16 eo ~ 62 75 108 1 1ro 7~ 50 n5 103 1 .... oo 85 90 51 M 95 100 0 
 
Harris .. . .. .. .. ....... . . .......... . . . .. ... .... . ..... . .... ..  7ft 72 M 85 78 84 90 80 8S 90 70 60 68. . . 6l 70 100 72 ~5 tOO 90 Beard . .... .. .. ... . . . .... .. ... ..... . ..... .. . ... .. .. .. . . . . 9-~ 7~ 82 . . . . 75 85 100 100 90 100 90 100 100 . .. . 100 9~ 105 55 50 100 100 Henry .... . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . . .. . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. . 98 75 68 100 84 92 105 100 . . . . . .. 100 110 100 .. .. 105 100 100 70 60 100 100 
 
ld 0 '"d 
 
JILl!per.... . . .. .. . . .. .. .. . . .. .. .. .. . .. . . .. . .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . 9 .. .. 40 . . 6.~ 92 100 100 80 100 .. . . 100 90 .. . : 
 
.. . 95 60 50 .. . . 100 ld 
 
Jones . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. . G2 . . . . 65 .. . 85 05 100 . . . .. . .. . . 70 100 .. . . .. . 
 
. . 100 35 60 100 .. . 
 
Lincoln .. .. .. .. .. . . .. . . .. . . . .. .. .. .. . . . . . ... .. .. .. . .. .. . . . 102 100 IQO 106 100 100 ItO 100 .. . . .. . . 100 100 100 .. . 100 S.~ 81! 6& 76 100 95 
 
McOullte ... .... .. .. . . ...... .. .... .. .... ........... .. . . ... .. . 1 90 lOll 105 105 106 100 90 80 90 100 96 100 .. . . 85 100 uu 65 St 100 100 
 
Meriwethrr.. .... .. .. . .. .. .. . .. .. . . ... .. . .. . .. . . . .. .. .. .. 91 . . . . 65 65 80 ti 96 100 70 90 100 100 90 .. . 80 100 100 74 PO 100 100 
 
t'l '"d 0 
~ 
 
Monroe .. . . .. .. .. . . .. .. . .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . .. . . .. . . . . . 9. 6Q f.() 100 .. . 110 lOt .. . . . . . . .. . . 100 100 90 .. .. . . . .. . . 68 40 . . 100 100 
 
Morgan.. . . .. . .... .. ................. .. .. ....... .... ...... . 
 
50 4 95 8ll ~~~ tO 85 80 . . .. 90 100 so .... 8v 90 SO 85 85100100 
 
Newton ... . .......... .. ...... .. .. ... .. .. .............. ...... 7 .. .. 7 .. . 90 00 8$ !Ill .. . .. .. .  00 26 .. . tO iO 110 ~ 
 
100 110 
 
..I.... 
00 
 
Ocouee .. .......... .... ........ ...... .. . .. .. .... .. . ...... . .. tlO .. . . 40 100 t OS 93 100 100 100 96 90 105 100 .... 100 110 110 65 Oglethorpe . .. .. ....... . .. ..... ....... . ........ . ... .. . .. .. . 100 50 SS 110 110 86 90 100 ... . . 62 100 wn . .. . 90 95 90 86 
 
100 100 00 
l 100 tl"' 
 
Pike .. . .. . .. .. .. .. . . . . .. . . . ... ...... .... . .. .. .. .... ...... Putnam .. ... ..... . .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. . . .. . . .. Ror.kdalc .... .. . .. .. .. .... .. ... . ... ... . .. .. .... . .... .. .. .... S~uldlng .. .. . .. . . .. . . . . . . . .. .. . .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 'lnllarerro .. .. ...... . . . . .. .. .... .... .. .. .. . . .. . .... .. .. .. .. . Talbot. . .... .. .. . .. .. ...... ... .... ... ...... . ....... ... ...... '!'roup .. .. .. . . .. .. .. .. . . . . . .. . . .. . . .. .. . . . .. .. .. . . . . . .. .. Upsoa .. ... . . . . .. .. .... .. . .. . . . .. . .. . .. .. ......... .. .. Walton.... ... .. . .. .. .. .... .. ...... .. ... .. .. ... .. .. .. .. . ... Warren .. .. ... .... ...... . ... . .. .. ... . . . .. .. . .. .. .. . .. .. .. . . 
 
9t on 96 75 IQ!l .. .. 7~ .. . 112 100 9 1 50 82 .. . 95 . .. . 88.... 9~ 70 
 
9(l.. . 7 1110 100 .. .. 100 1 90 76 100 . . . . 100 100 100 6~ 75 S.~ 100 100 100 . . . . . .. 90 90 9~ .. . 100 110 108 76 .. . 85 ! CO 100 90 100 100 100 95 95 .. .. 100 75 9~ 76 9u 00 1W 75 75 100 75 83 100 100 .. . . 100 go 90 
no 8' 1 ~0 115 11 ~ 112 JtO 90 100 100 100 100 . . . . . . 110 85 
66 62 6~ t 3 100 80 90 85 100 tro oo .. .. 90 oo 65 100 95 87 87 100 85 85 05 0~ 85 .. .. .. . . go 85 OS 50  50 9~ 105 00 75 IIi 100 1U5 105 . . . .. . 100 1.1 2 ~2 .. 85 92 105 95 100 100 75 100 9 .. . 95 100 90 65 70 90 110 105 100 75 90 !00 100 !0 .. .. 90 100 ll5 
 
50 .. Jon ... . 80 85 100 !CO 60 7> 100 100 
60 80 11-o 100 
o55 .. . 100 IOU 60 100 100 62 !Ov 100 95 50 90 100 luu 60 9~ lOll 85 50 70 100 100 
 
WHkCil.. .. ... . .. .. . .. . . . . . . . .. .. .... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . 
 
-100 - . .. . -80 
 
-. . . 
 
-75 
 
too 
- 
 
 
 
511 
 
.. .. 
 
. . .. 
 
no .. . . . . . . . . 
 
.. . . 
 
. . .. 100 . . . . .. . 
 
.Average .. .. .. .. .. ..  ..  . .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . .. . . . . .. . .. . .. . 98 f 68 90 87 96 96 94 87 89 
 
90 .. . 93 92 00 5 74 !IS 98 
 
<0 
, 
 
 TABLE- SHOWING Tllh: CONDITION OF CROPS, ETC., IN GEORGIA JITNEI, 1884.-(CoN.) 
 
COUN'l'!Ed. 
 
SOUTHWEST GEORGIA. 
 
I . Oata. WMal. (:{}tto. ~ i! SuqV Pvtntou. 
 
- - - - -- 
~__ -- co tC1) r- i'o uf:! 
 
ofo:: 
 
-+o-~ 
 
~ .g~ 
 
-C-an-e. ~----Eg>c ~!IJ 
 
.q8} 
 
Co"diti.un F ruit PrO.'Jlt.d ~~ 
(}(nnpnrsd to l DmJJared I.IJ - 
 
A '"'..age . 
 
.A ve..age. 
 
3 
 
s t: - a g ,; s ~~e8"o6ood._E-....~.;..i:~...d.-~f~~-~cCao'"SB~~~gs"~"~~C~~4"d:r-Sl)~r.c~~o-:=~~.~~.a.~o:C:s:~~~g~.s=~>Eo~._QC8~c.-.."j...'t~~g~~i'-~-88c~_~oco,c.~p=.>.a. 8~~oc~8C:t.l.cb;..ltg~oo3,1s~.:~:,1<11br1..tJo"~:=Eo0u.d'v;";8.oE.~..n.d~~geocA~:!tee.o.c 
 
~~~~~~ 
~.~Bs:l0.....~;o &- ~~ 
:g~ ~~ ~ ;; .>!?.oe.:~..-g~~ S , 
c~ 8~:n co -"g"'o~'~i u~~u -=aes ~o e CIS 1 
 
. 
 
~ . 
 
8, 
~ 
 
~ 
 
- 
 
~ ~.; 
 
~ 
 
"d ~ 
~ 
::0 
0 
" 
0 ;0 : 
~ 'o~ 
 
0 - .~ u ec .~ <-P<= ~-c" oc: ;: " c '" t. it >:'-o" ' ~ ~: ~ l c. l ~ l ~ l~~ ~..::::: - o a, - c u.o ~ 0 1:;.. 
 
:... 1: 
 
-"'" '! ~ ~ 
 
. c e. 
 
0 - 
 
c.J 
 
C. .... 
 
o.,C1) 
 
...... 
0 
..,t:l 
t>1 
>~ .,_.,. 
;;; 
 
''- 1>- "- !)>< c:; rJ) <.. u (/} (... "- ., ;... I" (!) ... ;... -t e.. 0 (..1 
 
Hakcr . .... . . . . . ,  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  .  . . . 1!7 1 ~7 87 . . . . . . . . 111o 111~ . . . 
 
Horri en . . . . . . . . . .  . . . . .  . . .  .. . . . . . . . . . . .  . . . . . . . . . . . . . ]l){j 
 
Brc.oko .. . . . . . . .  . . . ... . .. . . . .... .. .. .. . . .. . . . . . . . .  . . . . 9, 
 
fJurhoun 
 
. .  . . . . . . .  . . . . . . .  . . . . . .  . . . . . . . . . .  . . . !10 
 
69~; , ... 
 
65 . . . . . . . . 10fo lOu\ 1'10 
 
ll5 .. . 
7 ]' r 
 
~~ 
 
fl i 10.! 10(1 ! o(  !lol .... .. 
 
4"bo.ltah<ror.hPo . .. .. . . .  . . ....... . .. ... ... . . .  . . ... . . ! 7;, 7. '" Gu JI\J Jloo . .. 
 
r! ,. 
 
. . . . . . . . .  . . . . . .  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . \1 ; W\ 05 100 100 JO !Oo .. _ 
 
l "uliJU I. I . . ... . . . ... . . .. .   . . . . .       . . .. 110 90 80 . . . . . . . 100 ]fill.. 
 
C'ruwford . . . ..  . . . ... . . . . . .. ..  .. . . . .. . .  . . . . . .  . . .. . .. 91 50 60 60 83 98 g7 93 
 
Dccutur . ... . . ... ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10'1 . . . . 108 . . . . . . 100 1111 . . 
 
;oo .... 7fo 
9;; fl f 1 - 
 
7n h 3 Jrr. i rv 
 
Ill' 7o WO 07 &; 1 
oj uu 
 
bo 1110 l ,, 75 
 
7~ 
0' 1.,, !Ill 
 
100 11111 
 
!I " 10 110 
 
!~u 7~ 
 
7~ 
I " Ill 
115 
 
10' "ill 670~ 
 
I lll 
H). , 
 
lll-; 
1110 
 
;.; 
~7 
 
1i7JO~ 
 
100 . . 8b 60 
 
9~~~ 9~ 80 7fl 
 
!lu 100 
100 
60 !10 
 
GO 100 
92 11.0 
 
50 100 
1011 
100 1tn 
 
60 . .. lOll t OO 10.1 102 90 . . . 100 100 
 
100 
JO., lOll 100 
 
50 I rl 
96 110 100 
 
1~0 1~ ' ' ll)Q l U' 110 
 
10 ... 
 
69~0 ~0 
 
50 J(J(J 5ll 
 
100 . . . . 
 
JOO 
JQ.) 
100 100 
 
120 11 0~>30 
 
Doo1y . . .... .. . .. .  . . . . ... . . ... ........ .. . . .. . . ..... . . . lliO 8' Sor 60 80 9 . ~,{ !10 fill 90 9~ 100 95 !10 1"0 100 IOi 75 KO 100 9S 
 
Dougherty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90 72 62 . . . 
 
95 lvv . . . 75 70 ll5 100 9' ~~~ 91 101 9~ Su 100 95 !lO 
 
Eruly . . . . ... . . .. . ... .. .. . . . . .. . . . . .. . .  .. . . . . . . . .. .. . 
 
. . . .. .. . . . . . 
 
. . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . .. . . .. .. ... . . 
 
.. .... . .. . 
 
t1rmston .. . .. . . . . : . .. .  . . . .. . ... . . .. . . . ... . . . . . . . .. : . 95 80 80 70 FO 98 100 100 75 So 92 105 10 .. . 97 SO 101 n M 9ii . .. . 
 
Irwtn . ... . . . . . ... . . . . . . . ... ...... . . . .. . .  .. . . . . . . . 115 50 SO . .. . . . . lU llt .. . 75 100 .. . . . . ... . . . . 
 
100 130 25 100 .. . . 110 
 
Y....; 
0 "'l 
> 
!;) ~ 
(::; 
c: ~ 
c 
~ 
i 
 
Lee . . . . . .  . . . . . . . .  . . . . . . .  . . . . .   . . . . . . .  . . . . . . . . . 110 05 Si llO 110 10~ 107 . . . 50 100 70 60 95 . . . . orr H b II~ 140 150 120 110 
 
Lowndes....... . . . . .. ... . . .. .... . . .... . .. .. .... . . .. . . . . ... . . . ... 
 
. . . . . ... . . .. . .. 
 
.. . ... ... . ... 
 
... .... 
 
0 
~ 
 
M:rcou ... .. . . . . . .  . . . . . .  . . . . .  . . . . . . . . . . . . 
 
. . . . . 95 50 60 76 75 9il 100 Ol 75 71> Ol 100 92 . . . . 9i 
 
::<I 
 
Mnrion.. ..... .. . .  . . . .  . . . . . . . .. . . . . .   . . . .   . . . .. . . . . 93 75 75 60 b() 100 105 . . . 100 !Ofr 105 1011 ]oor. . . . bO 
 
~!.iller . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 75 75 . . . . 
 
105 100 . ~lO M 12U 100 60 100 105 
 
H0... 
 
t.Tilchcll ... : . . .. .. . . .. ... .. . .. .... .. . . . . .. .... .. . . . . 1\lnscogce. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Q.uitmn . . . . .  . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . .  . . . . . . . . . . .   . . . . . . lumdolph . . . . .. -. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  . . . . . . :. 
t:lchlcy . .. . . . . .  .  . .. .  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
 
Oil 9t 90 92 
 
. .. . . 77 118 75 
 
7~ 
 
... 100 
 
85 7il g, 95 95 
 
60 7!i 
 
uO 7i 
 
. . . . 107 
 
. 1. ~. 7 
 
90 90 
 
9> ..9..~ lOa 100 
85 .  . 
90 . . .. 
 
.. . ... . .. .    
 
7Ft 60 
 
80 8.3 
 
1807~ 
 
1~O&0 
 
1OU . . 7f> 90 
 
75 75 90 90 95 . . . 
 
1uu 100 !tl 1112 100  . 
 
100 
1s00.; 
11 2 
 
oo Stewart . . . . . . . . . . . . .   . . . .  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  . . . . . . 1110 
,..umtcr. ... . . ..  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   . .  . . . .  . . .  . . . . . Yt 
 
110 bo 
 
gn . . .  . . . R.z 105 100 
 
95 100 . . . . !H 96 . . 
 
l<r. 
 
95 100 s1 !J4 
 
!9~0I 
 
91l 
 
911 110 
 
'J'aylor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... . . . . . 
 
J'(:rre ll .. .... : ... . .. . .... .. . . ..... . .. . .... , . . . ... . . .. .. 
 
'"l.~'hoUbJ8UlIeISr 
 
. 
 
.. ..... ......... 
 
. . 
 
. . .. . 
 
. . 
 
. . 
 
. . 
 
. . .. 
 
. . 
 
. . . .. 
 
. . 
 
. . . .. 
 
 .. . . 
 
. . .. 
 
. . . ... 
 
.  .. 
 
. 
 
. 
 
. 
 
. . 
 
. . . 
 
 . 
 
. . 
 
. . 
 
. . 
 
. 
 
. .. 
 
Wilcox..... .. ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
 
1~0u 75 1110 . 9!\ .. . 
J ()() 
 
60 . .. . 1110 7h 70 55 
62 .. . . . " 65 .. .. 9u 60 . . . . . . . 
 
1110 ~!~8"~7! 100 
 
111 75 !0 1"0 
 
85 1.~fi 
 
.......~ !I<> 
 
1vu 
 
-4~~l~l. 1011 
 
38~' 119~31 
 
I7'5)~ 
9 oo !IU l OS 
 
1110 7fi 
1110 b7 60 
 
!10 6 40 
9(1 9o . . . 11111 . .  . 
 
7o 
]I~I:2\ ~ 100 
 
r;; 
...>..1..>..., 
 
- - - - --------  -------- --------- ---- Worth ...... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 llO 100 100 . . . . 00 90 
 
90 80 11 0 60 80 l(i() 120 
 
4Verlll;e . . ...  .  , . .. . . . ..... . . . . . ... .. .. . ... . .... .. I 081 77 1 751 871 851 971 9UI !141 751 851 931 !101 91 1 90! 981 91! ll81 69! SO! 1001 9~ 
 
 EAS'l' HEORGIA. 
 
...-- 
 
Bullock .. .... ..............~.:~;.:--::::.~.:-:-:-:-:-... Hl? - 105 96 .. ......- 105. 10t h7 7r;--9'l U 112 llo 951 00 110 lOb 70 fiO 116 100 co Burke........... . ... .................... ..... .. .. . . . . . . . 106 60 60 . . . . . . . 90 80 100 100 ](10 110 JOb 100 ... 100 100 120 40 60 100 100 ,_0_1. 
 
Dodge . . . .. . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . .. 110 65 62 .. .. .. . . 106 106 . . . 101 100 11~ 112 112 .... ,100 100 150 50 60 100 100 
 
Emanuel ................... ..................... . ......... ... .... ... . .. . .. .... ... ... ... ... ... .. .. ... ...  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... . . 
 
HI:LSscock......................... .. .... . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . 96 75 87 100 1QO 10~ 102 100 l fWJ 100 l Oll 10' 10~ . .. . 80 90 80 85 . . . 100 100 
 
Jefferson ................ ......... . .......': .......... ... .. 105 7ii 62 lilO 100 106 104 lOU 70 7~ 100 lr8 90 .. . . tO 20 11~ 65 60 100 80 
 
John.;on... ... . . . ... . . . .. ...... . ... . . . .. . .. . . . .. ... . .. .. .. 100 90 ~8 100 105 100 I(l() 101 7~ 62 lfll 106 100 .. . . 9& 105 110 85 .. .. 100 90 
 
Lsnreno.. .. .. .. . . ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . . .. .. . . .. .. . .. . .. 90 60 60 70 70 90 90 
 
90 90 90 1011 96 Pr. 1J<, 90 106 50 80 95 SO 
 
~~~~1.~~~~::::::.. ::::::::::::: :: :::: :::::::::::::::::: .~~~  -~~ ..~ :::: :: _100 -~~ .:: -~00 -~~ .~~ -~~ - ~~~ -~~ -~~~ -~~ -~~. ~0 :::. ~~ ..:~ 
 
l<1chmood.... .... .. .. . .. .... .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . 102 85 Sf .. .. 86 100 100 90 75 90 1'10 95 100 ..  .. .. 85 60 ?0 ?0 .. . 110 
 
Screvcu........... .. .......... . ........... ~.. .. .. .. .. .. .. 102 80 85 90 00 110 1110 .. .. ~r 95 100 115 11\5 100 80 90 100 48 90 100 100 
 
ratnell .. .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. .. 100 .. . 9~ .... . .. 100 100 .. .. 7b 60 12f 101 100 100 .. .. .. . 100 .. .. .. .. 100 100 
 
'l'elfalr..... .. ... . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..... .. . .. . 
 
Twii!I!S .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. . . .. ..  . .. ..  . 85 .. .. 8~ . . . 75 97 90 .. . .. .. .. . .. . .. .. .. . .. . .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. . .. ... . 
 
Wa~hongt:on .... .. ...... .. .... ... .. . .. .. . .. .. ... . .. .. 95 ?0 ?0 105 1~5 100 HO 90 ~7 95 1ro lW 100 . .. 100 100 9'.! 4o 70 85 tno 
 
Wilkinson ....................._........ . .. .. .. . .. ... .. 97 GO 62 9o 90 ~7 10a 1<'0 87 90 :oo 11 0 100 80 100 ~5 75 ~5 100 1011 96 
 
Averag-e . ..... .. ... . 
 
w .. .. . . . .. ... .. 10175 74 9:i 9l 
 
9s % d6 ~ \.61--;(;6 loi 02 n;; ~ -;;:;-: ffi 67 !iii 96 
 
(') 
ld 
 
0 
 
SOU'l' H EAST <lEO RGI A. 
 
"d 
 
Appling ........... ..... .. .. .. ................ .. ... . Bryan ......... ......... ........... . .... ...... ... ................. .. Camden. .. ..  .. . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . ..  .. .. ..  .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. 100 87 90 .. .. 
 
ioo ioo 100 itis 100 110 ttiol' iciol Itiol' itiol'itilil'. o~l:::: I:: :: I'ioi>l'ioo 
 
~ 
"d 0 
 
Cl\rllon .. . .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. . .. .. , .. .. .. .. .. .. . - ......... .. Chatham..... .... ..... .. . ...... . .. .. . .. .. ...... .. .. .. 100 120 100 ... . 
 
.. :: ::: .. :: ioo 9o ioo l(io 'ioo itio ioo 1no :::: :::: :::. 'i.oo ::: 
 
ioo Clinch . ............. .. . . .. ..... . .. .. .. .. .... . .. .... .. . 95 
C:ofl~c .. ... .... .. .. .. .. . .. .. ... ... . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .... tO; 
 
80 90 .. .. 
 
95 ttl() .... !0!1 
 
70 70 .... , .... 100 95 .... 75 
 
89~5 
 
1(10 100 95 .. .. 100 80 75 70 100 100 112 100 100 106 9U ~5 85 100 100 100 
 
r..... 
 
Echols : .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. . 110 .. .. 40 ... 
 
.. .. 12\J ...... .. 90 100 100 100 100 110 10!; .. .. .. .. .. .. 100 .... 00 
 
1 ~~~~~~ha~n . ::.:: ::.. :.:......... ::. .'.'.'.. :".'. '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.':. ::::::: :~~ ~ ~~ .. :. 
 
100 !10 .. . 70 70 100 100 100 100 100 100 60 30 6() 100 100 11\ 75 .... 100 105 100 125 116 Ill~ .. .. 95 ~0 . .. . 2~ 80 .... 
 
0...0. 
 
L1berty .. .......................... . .. ...... ............. 100 98 00 .. . 
 
96 9~ 100 ~5 100 100 100 100 100 100 103 911 60 90 100 100 ' 
 
Jllclntosh ........-......................................... .... ............. .. 
 
Pierce........ . ... ....... .. ........... .. .. .. ........................ . 
 
\\rt~.re . . . . . . . .  . . . .  . . . . . . . . . . .  . . . . . . . . . . . .  ....... . . . . .. . . ..    . . .. 
 
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Wllyne ...... ............... : .... ......... , ..... ... ... . .............. 1.... 1 .. [... 1.... , ... 1 ... , .... 1 ... , ... 1.... , ... , ..... , .... , .... ~ .. - ~ .... , .. .. 
 
fi~*~~~~~~~-::::::::::::::.::.::: :_:_._:::::::::::::. r~~'''"" rwr Avorage ... ... . 
 
.. 
 
.. .. . 
 
102 84 ;5 .. . . 91 !17 IOol 9~ 91 100 101 10 ' 102 111 9U f.6 62 66 97 l(Yl 
 
RE<'A l'ITULATION. 
 
9fil ~5 63 R6 II!; ~5 ~7 ~~ 91 
 
93 70 6S 90 87 96 
 
~4 M ~ ~ ~ H .... M N ~ m ~ ~ ~ 
 
98 77 75 87 85 97 !19 94 76 S.> 93  91 90 98 91 113 69 80 100 96 
 
:~~h=rfJ!orgla: ::: . :::: ::: .: ::.: :::: . :: . ..: :: :::: ::: :: 
 
101 ltrl 
 
7fi 84 
 
74 75 
 
98 .... 
 
..9.1. 
 
99 94 
 
99781 190'0 
 
86 92 
 
R8 10> 100 101 9l 92 91 100 104 101 102 101 
 
9.1 102 99 66 
 
~p 
62 
 
61 66 
 
9~ 96 97 100 
 
Average for 'ltate 1884 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . : .................. Average fo r St-11te 1883.. . .. ........................._, ._, 
 
98 90 
 
74 89 
 
72 
~5 
 
89 93 
 
89 93 
 
97 9i 
 
~9611 "98" 
 
& ~ 
9: 117 
 
~ 
96 
 
97 9:> 
 
N 01 
 
W 92 
 
~ ~6 
 
~ 
95 
 
&I 
 
M 7t 
 
m 
 
97 
 
11.3 n6 .... 
 
---- 
 
--- ---------- - - - - - - - ---- 
 
1-' ~ 
 
 12 
 
DEPARTME:ST l F .AGRICULTURE-GEORGIA. 
 
[96] 
 
KOTES FR0:;\1 CORRESPO DENTS. 
 
oRTH GEORGIA. 
 
Banks.-May has heen very favorable weather for f1rm operations and farme r s 
 
have put in good time. The wheat prospect i \'"ery gooil; it ha~ filled very well and 
 
no rust to iojure. Cotton and corn are small owing to its being two weeks later 
 
than usual. Gem rally a goood etand both of corn and cotton. 
 
WM. M. AsH. 
 
-The crop looking healthier, except corn on bottom land; the bud.worm is doing a 
 
great deal of damag?. Harvest will not commence before the 8th of June; wheat 
 
is fine, clear of rust. Oats is almost a failure in this section. We are needing a 
 
general rain. Stock ha-1 been healthier than usual. 
 
JoHN K. SEWELL. 
 
-May was very dry and up io this time (June 2d) n " rain bas fallen since April, 
 
but the crop prospect is fine. C10ps are clean and smaill g rain looks well. Wheat 
 
is extra fine. Oats are low but heading out and where partial shower~ l-ave fallen 
 
are high enough to cut. The Burt oats you sent U8 are very goud, they were ~owed 
 
the last of FebrutU"y and beaded by the 15th of May, and are now nearly ready for the cradle notwi thstandi11g the drought. The fall oat~ turned out to be cheat or 
 
chess. (?) Peach crop fine. Apples not so good a~ last year. Pears rather above 
 
the averngE'. 
 
Have j~'st returned from a pond stocked with carp (from H. P. Farrow's, Porter 
 
Sp'gs) and saw them fed. They came in a very ingeniously made bouse in the 
 
pond at the sounding of a bell and were from ten inches to two feet long. 
 
R. W . JOYNER. 
 
Bartow -Corn, cotton, oats, wheat, ar<! all late from excessive rai11s in the early spring followed by dry weather, so the late planting of cotton is just up. All the 
 
cotton not yet chopped out. 
 
J . 0. McDANIEL. 
 
Chattooga.-Tbe rains ceased about the first of May. The farmers went to work 
 
and kept up .he lick un til they are fully up with their crops, and I can truly say 
 
I never knew crops the first day of June in better condition in my life before. 
 
Crops are small though they seem to be healthy and vigorous and with seasons I 
 
think Chattooga can boast of as good crops as 1882. Wheat and oats will do to 
 
harvest by the lOth, and if no disasters befall them, they bid fair at present for a 
 
larger yield than seven years past. All tllose gardan seed you s~nt me are doing 
 
as well as heart could wish. 
 
There are no diseases except cholera among chickens. 
 
J. J. T. HENRY. 
 
- No ;rust in wheat or oat.w and the prospect is good. The condition of the 
 
crops is flattering for the time we have bad to work. Needing rain now. 
 
The farmers are working well and using a great deal of economy. More clover 
 
and graes fOWel than usual. Corn scare~. 
 
K. R. FoSTER. 
 
Cherokee.-We are suffering some for rain. Oats will be short.. Crops are being 
 
 [97] 
 
CROP REPORT--1884. 
 
13 
 
worked better than usual. Some wheat will do to cut by 4th of June. The Burt 
 
oats are ten days ahead -of the Red Rust-proof. 
 
What will prevent bud worms killing corn on bottom lands? 
 
I know of no means except that of late planting to escape the destruction of 
 
this worm. Defer planting until June. Soaking the seed befo e pla nting in a solu- 
 
~on of saltpetre has been recommended for this purpose.  
 
Co~nussroNER. 
 
- I sent yon mon thly statem~nt yesterday. Have been out in the wlwat fields since; passed over seveml miles of road yesterday; find the wheat much better than I expected; compared with last year the yield will be much better. Cotton is better than I thought; in fact 1 am happy to state the crops in good fix. 
J. J. A. HARP. 
 
-Wheat here is good, but thin on land. Farmera have been terribly be'ated 
 
this spring on account of rain, etc.,but are now pretty well up. Have bad nice 
 
farming weather for the last few weeks, 
 
Fine wheat you sent me last fall froze out entirely. 
 
J. J. A. SHARP. 
 
' Cobb.- Smal! patch of Hawkins Hill oats from Department; seeu sowed in February grew off well, but when heading out an average of one in every five heads affiicted with "bla~t. " Had to cut and feed, fearing to save for seeu. Burt oats, equally forwaru, with no blast. Twenty-five acres spring oats now ju tin flower, (27th May) free from "blast" or "smut." .A II on same character oil. 
H. N. STAR:SES. 
 
- Have had no rain since April 2'lth. Oat.s entirely ruined. All cotton planted 
 
since May 8th has not come up. Thermomete r 60" at sunrise; 75 at noon. Far- 
 
mers bluP. No diseases among stock. 
 
wlf. A L ro::-r, JR. 
 
- Owing to the continuous rains we had this spring, farmers are generally be:, ind 
 
with their work, though during this fine weather they are making go d use of time 
 
to catch up. 
 
Wheat is thin on the ground and the heads are snort, there cannot be more than 
 
three quarters of a wheat crop ma1e thi'! year in this section. 
 
Cot'on looks fine for the chance it has had, it being plan teJ before the ground 
 
was rightly prepared. 
 
H. T. 1\L~II,.rn. 
 
Dade.-The oat crop is very poor. 
 
There has been 8 or 10 horses di~d of bots in m _; neighborhood within the last few 
 
weeks. Can you give or prescr be a cure? All remedies that were tried failed to 
 
CUre. 
 
V\'ILL. S. TA YLO:l. 
 
There is said to be no cer tain way of removing the bot, once fixed in th'clsto .nach , 
 
withont injury to the animal. Any pos ible injnry resulting from these pl:aaites 
 
m ay be prevented by carefully removing the eggs from parts to which they a~e a' 
 
tached before they are taken into the stomach.  The symptoms attributed to bota 
 
may u~ ually be relieved by treating as in case of colic. 
 
CoArmssrO:>"l!:R. 
 
-I have reported corn 9 , yet with the exception of being at lea t 10 days later, 
 
its condition is good. Wh ea t is above an average as to appearanc?. but thin oats 
 
was promising of an abundant crop up to about 10 days ago, since then we have 
 
been dry, no rain of any consequence for three weeks. 
 
There is no peaches to amount to anything. No wheat or oats or any small f:(rains 
 
harvested in this county; no bay mown yet. 
 
G. A. R. Bras. 
 
Floyd.-Crops in this neighborhood are in a diversified condition. Owing to washing rains in early spring I be ground is in bau concli1ion, as a rule for realizing a full crop. Oats being cut off by dry weather. Corn , a'ter replanting, ow 'ng to 
 
 14 
 
DEPARTliENT OF AGRICULTURE-GEORGIA. 
 
[98] 
 
bud, cut or grub-worm~, hardly ..ow a staitd. Cotton backwarJ in coming up, the 
 
'earth being so dry in many places. 
 
W . S SANFORD. 
 
-Oats have suffered first, from the late cold spring, and for want of rain since in 
 
boot, and heading, (they are hea lthy, ) the only trouble is they are short in height 
 
and will be troublesome to cut. This, though, is not general, only where the 
 
ground is flat, and has been wet all spring, and now hard and baked. Gardens are 
 
su.fferiug much for rain , and Irish p ~taroel. Crop~ are clean and look well, but 
 
small in size. 
 
J oHN H. DE:S'T. 
 
Forsyth.-The cattle are dying. I have not learned the name of the di,ease. Rain 
 
needed badI y; have ha l somi! light shower.;, n')thing 'ike a seaso n. Oats are so low 
 
that it will be difficult to harves t them if it does not rain soon. I hear no com- 
 
plaint of rust. 
 
Mas. H. N. SuTTON. 
 
-Had but one season this month (5th). Dry weather ba3 been fttvorable for 
 
wheat. Since last report I find that the ft.)l bas injured the crop so me. Grazing 
 
and winter H enderson oats, sown last fall, since heading show to be almost entirely 
 
cheat, very litLle if any cheat mixeJ with seed sown. Land sown was wheat stub- 
 
ble, not pastured any dur:ng fall or winter. 
 
Cot :o:1is looking remarkably well, and far .her advanced than at this date l~t 
 
year. 
 
Some cattle hare died wit!:! a distemper. In one or two casas on exam'nation, 
 
aftd' they had died, a dark colored worm was found under the tongue. 
 
Clover and grass will be the shortest for year3. All spring oats sown on ordinary 
 
land will not be tall enough to harvest: 
 
B. H. BaowN. 
 
F,.anklin.-The peach crop is not near as badly kil led out as reported Aprillst. 
 
ThE're is not a full crop, but a full a\erage. 
 
May bus been dry, and consequently the spring oat crop is nearly a failure; the 
 
only hop'e being the white or the Egyptian oat. sown last August, September and 
 
0 ctober. I have a lot of ten acre3 of the Egyptian oat which was S01\" n last Septem- 
 
ber in the cotton before it had opened which is as fine as I ever S:lW. Put the oat 
 
CrOp down short. 
 
W. G. ALEXANDER. 
 
Gilmer.-The spring has been unfavorable for planting. The last tbrPe weeks of 
 
good weather has enabled our farmers to get on g JO:i headway with their work. 
 
Corn, wheat anl oats, is in a h ea lthy conJition. No rust in wheat and oa ts June 
 
1st. The apple crop of thi3 county will not be mJre than half. Cause-failure of 
 
blooru. Stock comparatively healthy. 
 
N. L. OsnoRN. 
 
Gordon.-Conditiou of wheat good, except the stand, which will affect the quan- 
 
tity, bnt the quality, if no disaster in tb.e fnture, will be superior. 
 
All cro;s backwarc.J. and neeJing rain. We.1ther very cool for the season. Lie- 
 
making their appearance on cotton. 
 
0. H. DAVIS. 
 
-Corn planting is 8till pro.;re;sing; lowlands continued too wet to plow until re- 
 
cently. B eaking up and pre paring land on which weeds are knee-high is slow 
 
bu iness; planting will not be tinis~ed this month. Cut.ton h ts very short stalks, 
 
or shanks, haye g~ nerally worked over. Corn, early planting on npland looks well. 
 
Wheat rus ing some on the blades, cannot tell yet what injury may be do-:e. his 
 
now in bloom, the late sowed is very thin stand. Oats quite inferior, stand gener- 
 
ally poor, fall so\\ing near.y all killtd. ;')fuch of what seemed t.o be oat~ bas proved 
 
to be cheat, or chess, revil~ing t.he opinion aruong many that the oats have turned t-.; 
 
cheat. Weather favorable for fielJ work, everything growing rapidly. 
 
N. B. H ALL. 
 
Gwimwtt.-Whelt is filling well. Cotton thoug'1 a littte 'ate is on a boom. Never 
 
 {99 J . 
 
CROP R~PORT--1884 
 
saw it more healthy, nor better s~~nds. Corn equally pronoising. Fall oats a failure. Spring oats not promising. A goo<1 cr.Jp year is the outlook rom my standpoint.  
R. D. WINN . 
 
-Though I ha,e reported corn at SO per cent. compare! to last year, I think by 
 
next report it will be 100 per cent. compared to an average crop. Coton is ~mall 
 
forth season. Cold mornings are having a telling effect, making it sickly and the 
 
leaves to curl. 'fbe:e is a good stand and devoid of gras. A great many chickens 
 
have died of choler,l, some families losing all-forty to SCI'enty-five hens. Uillo 
 
1lfaize looks fine, promising a tine yield uf forage. Most of the fru it fell from the trees 
 
.caused by the late foost. 
 
J. T. BAXTER. 
 
Hahusham.-You will notice, as I have b fore informed you , that I only report for 
 
.a small portion of Habersham-that p'>rtion ea~l a"ld routh of the Chattahoochee 
 
Rid at>, where we have so far the heaviest peach crop I have e,er seen or heard of. 
 
But I am informod by others that the peach crop west and nQrth of the Ridge is 
 
.comparatively lig~t, in some few places beiog an average crop, while in others it is 
 
light and very scattering, and yet in a few other places none at all. The reason of 
 
this difference we are un 1ble to account for. 
 
PHILIP MARTIN. 
 
-V1'e near Clarksville have had no rain during May. Corn, thou~h late, looks 
 
more I uxuriant than fur years. Tgot tired waiLing fur rain and have planted potato 
 
slips by irrigation . I will report to you the manner, if it is a success, as any who 
 
might be disposed to try it would prob.ably be too late for this seaou. But is it not 
 
strange, when the cost is so JiWo, that so f.,w men utilize the branches? For early 
 
grass, a ide Crom fertilization, it will pay. I wish e farmer would rt>port his ex- 
 
perience with Kemp's d 'stribu tor. I would long since have tried one but was not 
 
.able, though I think it wou 'd pay well . 
 
JAs. P. PHILLIPS. 
 
Hal .-Dogs have been d('Structi ve to sheep. Many of the dogs have hydrophobia, 
 
which has caused some to be killed. 
 
E. B. THOMPSON. 
 
H1ualson.-Cotton i~ two week~ la te, bu t is looking well considering its age. The 
 
'1\estun part of the county bad good rains on the 25th and 26th, but the eastern part 
 
has had only light !bowers since the flood on the Hth of April. The ground is 
 
-getting very dry and farmers are fearful of a drought. If it does not rain in a few 
 
-days, oats will fall far short of the estimate giveu here. 
 
W. C. McBRAYER- 
 
Jackson. -Hog cholera and hollow horn have b een very preva~ent in this county this ~-ear, owing in a great measure, in my opinion, to the neglect of good shelt~rs. 
JouN G. Wn,v. 
 
- Owing to the dry, cool weather spring sowed oats are very nearly ruined. It is fa'I"'rable to wheat. 'Jhe outcome in the wheat crop is very great in the last few '1\eek in this county. According to the stand, wheat is almost an average. 
W. J. McREE. 
 
.illllton.-The drouth of near four weeks has cut the oat cr?p about half. Have 
 
never seen a better prospect for cotton. 
 
H. SuMMEROUR. 
 
Po!k.-Crops sre looking well considering the \"ery wet and backward spring. '!'he 
 
weather has gi\Ten the farmers a good chance to clean out their crop, and they have 
 
generally done so. 
 
S. M. H. BYRD. 
 
-\Ve give 90 per cent. in "condition compared to average" in cotton on account of the sickly condi tion of the plant, can e.l by lice from cold nights. Tue weather 
is and bas been for leu days unusnally cold for this season . Cotton has been better 
orked and is freer from grass than for years. Rain Is needed for corn and oats. 
.JNO. 0. WADDELL. 
 
 16 
 
DEP.ARTME:ST OF .AGRICULTURE-GEORIA. 
 
[100} 
 
-Spring oa ts (and there are few of any other variety, having frozen out last win- 
 
ter) in most plaCE's are very poor. Been too dry. Where beaded out, and tall 
 
enough to c :~ t, they are very much injured by "blast," more so, I think, than I 
 
ever knew. 
 
Query-Will there be danger to stock in feeding oats so affected? Have seen some 
 
fields in which, apparently-, 10 per cent. of the beads are "blast." Is there any 
 
known cause? Remedy? I bear. considerable comp'aint of "smnt" in wheat. 
 
My Dallas wheat is very fine, being tall, and heads long, but, as usual, is very late, 
 
ten days or two weeks later than other varieties It is very much mixed, being about 
 
half "bearded' and half not. Was so when I received it from the department. 
 
Qu~-Is the genuine Dallas wheat mixed? H not, which is the genuine, the 
 
bearded heads, or the smooth? 
 
R. W. Ev.EBETT. 
 
I have heard of n') injury to stock that WM known to be the result of feeding 
 
blasted oats. When the blasted heads are abundant it. is probable that injury might 
 
result, if in no othl"r, from breathing the dust when fed in the sheaf. 
 
There is no known cause other than the recognized fact that all the smuts and 
 
blasts are produced by a parasitic fungus of a vegetable nature. 'fhc parasite 
 
destroys or eats up the substance of the grain, and leaves as the result in its place 
 
its own developed spores or seeds. 
 
Soaking the grain in a solution of bluestone before sowing bas been a successful 
 
treatment for smut in wl eat, and would probably, also prove an effectual prevent- 
 
ive of similar diseases in the oat. 
 
The Dallas wheat is all mixed that I have seen. 
 
CoM~rssroNER . 
 
-The weather is now very dry; young crops suffering for rain . Wheat is doing 
 
well, "filling" all right, and if nothing happens it will be of good quality. The 
 
stand is not good, perhaps 66%. Fall oats are all killed; spring sowing is small and 
 
unpromising, suffering terribly for rain. 
 
J. Y . W oo o. 
 
Tottni$.-Wheat in this county is fully 10 days late, just now in bloom, and owing 
 
to heavy freezt's very thin. Farmers are looking for rust. Frost reported in this 
 
county 28th of May; did no damage. 
 
W. R. McCoNNELL. 
 
Walker.-Corn and cotton , though both artl late, have a he11lthy and thrifty ap- 
 
pearance. Wheat is almost entirely free from rust, and was it not for a bad stand 
 
promises more than an average yield; the grain will be good. Clover and grasses are 
 
generally very poor. 
 
.Altogether the outlook is not discouraging for farmers, though not so promising 
 
as in some seaeons. 
 
J. A. CLEl\fENTs. 
 
-Our crops are late in thie part of the country, owing to so much wet weather 
 
during the latter part of the winter and fore part of the spring. Wheat looks toler 
 
ably healthy, but is quite thin on the ground. Spring oats sown too late to make 
 
a good crop. Weather dry and cool. 
 
W. C. KILGORE. 
 
Whitfield.- The fall crop of oats, from injury sustained by the heavy freezs during 
 
the winter, have been nearly all converted to cheat, also a great deal of wheat has 
 
gone to cheat. That doctrine of change from oats and wheat to cheat; may not be 
 
acceptable doctrine by your department, or by so me of your correspondents or re- 
 
porters, still it i~ true. 
 
J. F. GROVES. 
 
-Up to the 101h, rains preYented farm work, since then the land ha> been o bard that it breaks in to a mass of clods; heavy harr..Jws hlve to follow close up to the plows or there would n ot be enough fine earth to co ver the seeds. If we coultl have some rain corn-planting would be complt'ted by the 15th of June. :l!ucb: cotton not up yet. 
 
 (101] 
 
CROP REPORT--1884. 
 
17 
 
A.ll we will have to do in cultivation will be to dissolve the clods, and- we expect 
 
rains {O soften them, 
 
W . .C. RICHARDSON; 
 
-Fall sowing of oats is entirely winter killed. Spring sowing have been injur- 
 
ed by the ~ronght in May abou t 25 per~ent. 
 
 
 
R. M. WILLIA.MSON,  
 
MillDLE GEORGIA. 
 
Baldwin.-I am willing to aid the D-epartment in any way that I can, and trust 
you will QOntinue the v>luable letters, etc., ill the crop reports.  
Birds have been very :lestructive to all grains this year. Small patches of barley and wheat almost totally destroyen. The Bnrt oats are now ripe that were sown the first of February. We think tbem a fine spring oats. J as. C: WmTAKE~. 
 
Bibb.-Corn is smaller than usual but is looking remarkably well not to have had 
 
any more r:lln than bas fallen for the past five weeks. The stalks are stocky and 
 
well rooted and of fine color, having been worked well. . So far the prospect for 
 
a good yield is promising. Oats are not turning out as well as was anticipated. 
 
While the heads are long and heavy, the stalks are too scattering on the ground. 
 
Wheat, where cut, is of good quality and heavy. 
 
. 
 
Cotton is quite small; stand not good; has been worked well and is much freer ' 
 
from weeds and grass than is usual at this time of year. 
 
Many peach trees haven disease known as the yellows, -the symptoms of which 
 
are a failure to fruit, the leaves do not attain to more than I1alf their usual size, 
 
and are inclined to bunch on tile twigs and tbe outer edges twist or curl toward the 
 
center. After being attacked they die the succeeding fall or the next year. Is there 
 
a known cause and 1emedy? Seedling and grafted trees suffer alike. 
w. D. H. J oHNSTON. 
 
Tht>re is no known remedy for yellows. f..s it is liable to spread from infected 
 
tr~es, they should_be cut ottt and burnt to prevent the extension of the disease. 
 
CoM~nssroNEn. 
 
-The weather bas been very dry in this section of the country since the 22d of 
 
April, conseq1wntly oats will be very short, though free from rust. 
 
The Multi-headed wheat received from the Department of Agriculture is very 
 
fine though late. No wheat or oats harvested yet.  
 
W. S. H ENLEY. 
 
-Corn is late, owing to droHgbt. We have been dry since the 15th of April in 
 
my section, though a good portion of the county had good rains on the 25th and 
 
26th of this month. In my section we havenot had a season in six weeks; a good 
 
deal of the cotton is not up and we put it at 75 per cent. of a good stand, and what 
 
is up is looking well and we put it at one hundred. 
 
There is but very little wheat harvested and think the yield wi,ll be 90 per cent, 
 
The dry weather has improved the wheat wonderfully. 
 
I think oats wi)l not go above 75 per cent.; they" are low, but the most of tberii 
 
can be harvested. 
 
I think the Hawkins Hill oats a good kind. They are three days earlier than the 
 
Burt oats. 
 
H. C. TILu"roN. 
 
CampbeU.-We are exceedingly dry in this part of the county. No rain since the 
of 22d April; late planting of cotton is not up yet, corn small, crops are clean. Oats 
 
are near a failure. 
 
J. S. Donn. 
 
-Tho wheat prospect has increased materially eince last report, though it is sev era! days later than usual. 
Oats are generally late, spring sown-and are at this writing, May 31st, needing rain-in some parts of the county bacliy. 
 
 18 
 
(101] 
 
The cotton "stand" and "prospect" where planted after the heavy rain of April 
 
15th, is all that could be desired; some planted prior to that time is deficient in 
 
botli. 
 
Corn though late is in a fair condition, not having suffered much from depreda- 
 
tions of bud worms, etc.  " 
 
W. G. :MABON. 
 
Clarke. -Cholera in bogs but not to any great ex:tent. The fallure of the oat crop is the most serious blow the farmers have received in many years, and it will be bard to recover from it. Seed will doubtless be worth ~1.00 per bushel this fall. The quality of wheat will be excellent. 
R. F. PrTTABD. 
 
-The Flat Dutch turnip seed you sent me proved very good, turnips smooth and 
 
sweet. The weather is very dq~. Spring oats, Irish potatoes and garden vegetables 
 
are suffering greatly. 
 
J EFFEBSON J ENNINGS. 
 
-@orn is generally clean, stand goed but smal l. In my immediate neighborhood 
 
there bas been no rain since the 20th of April. The result is that cotton planted 
 
in May is not up. The dry weather bas shortened the oat crop. I do not think it 
 
has seriously injured the wheat. Very few sweet potatoes have bee.n set out; slips 
 
abundant-ground too dry. 
 
JOHN 8. LINTON. 
 
Colunnbia.-My Shockley apple trees are not beariJ1g; the leaves look as though 
 
they had rust, the bark scaly, as if attacked with insects. I have washed the bodies 
 
with a weak so~ution of carbolic acid with no improvement. 
 
J. A. WALTON. 
 
-The stand of cotton throughout this section or country is the best I have ever 
 
seen, and the plant looks healthy, and growing off well, but during the past week 
 
the weather bas been unseasonabl~, the thermometer standing at 60 on the room- 
 
ing of the 29th, and.if it continues, am fearful it will have an injurious effect on 
 
cotton. Early planted corn looking welt, but most of the crop in this vicinity was 
 
planted late, which is improving. 
 
M. J. BRANCH. 
 
DeKallJ.-Dry at this time. Wheat is maturing w~ will be harvested from the 
 
1st to lOth of June. Oat crop is cut short by the d'titight in May. It depends on 
 
the-seasons of June, July and August, for the present c.rop. 
 
G. W. MoRRIS. 
 
-The blight has ruined the crop of apples and pears. I an'l satisfied that the cold 
 
spell in last winter bas had a great deal to do with the present condition of the 
 
trees. I noticed very early in the spring that some of my five year old apple trees 
 
were entirely ruined by having the bark bursted from the trunk and t)J.e sap sour. 
 
Upon a more partkplar examination I found nearly all the trees more or less af- 
 
fected, the bark on tte trunk presenting the appearance of having been bruised 
 
and the sap more or less sour. I believed then ~hat the.blight would follow, which 
 
it did in both pear and apple. 
 
T. J. FLAKE. 
 
Douglas.-Fall sowed oats a failure. The spring sowing on good land will about 
 
come up to an average. Wheat bjds fair for a promising yield, though some fields 
 
have been almost entirely destroyed by Rice birds; could not get rid of them with 
 
all the guns we could command until they saw proper to leave. Farmers are badly 
 
behind in consequence of so much rain March and April, but with the two weeks 
 
good weather just passed they are rapidly gaining ground. Peach, apple and plum 
 
pros~ct is better than has been for years. 
 
 
 
Though we have passed through an unusually sev~re winter, and have had nu- 
 
merous calamities visited upon us in the shape of storms, cyclones and freshets, yet 
 
the people are cheerful and are looking forward with sang  e expectationR to a 
 
promising yield in the fall. 
 
J. E. HENl;."KY. 
 
 [102] 
 
CROP REPORT-1884. 
 
19 
 
.Fulton.-The: planting season, as you arc aware, has been one of the most unfavorable that we have had for- many years, causing many farmers to put thei.r oropl! in without preparation of the land which will of necessit.y le~sen the proanct, and now the crop being fairly in, the dry weather has hardened the gwund eo that it is very cloddy when broken, aod this will also leasen the yield; taking all 'together, I think our prospect is unfavorable for a full crop, lint ctln't LeU what the r!lBnlt will be. The wheat is ~ut short from the cold, but what is left seems to promise A  good yield. I haven' t heard of any rust as yet. The oat crop will ba very short on account of all fa'll sown being killed and the spring sowing badly injured by the cold. Hawkins Hif. from the department a 'little earlier than the Burt and ~out the same height. ~'e fnit prosp~ is as good or better than n~, especially the pear, apple asd grape. Too dry for strawberries. The general crop looking well. Most of the farmers are over their cotton the first time with the hoes, which speaks well for their energy since planting, which was two weeks later than last year. 
W.L.~GUlL 
 
-No rain. Crops suffering very much. Prospeotsgloomy. 
 
RoBT. WIDDOll'll. 
 
Hancock.-The outlook is as good or better for a good crop as I have seen In tnany 
 
years. 
 
JoHN W. CJ.WTRO~. 
 
Harris.-Cotton plantedbefore the big raln, the 14th of April, is a poor stand, and 
 
the cotton after that as long as the season lasted is good, but the late planting is 
 
poor, but that will come yet. 
 
JAMES PATTILIA 
 
-There bas not been enough r11in in my section slnoe the 14th of April to wet 
 
the land, consequently stand of cotton is poor, corn little, no potato slips set, and 
 
there is no prospect of rain at this date, May 31st~ 
 
R. E. FOBT. 
 
-I will again consent to report for your Department as I think every citizen in 
 
the State is interested in its success. Nearly every section in our county has auf- 
 
fared for rain, and for this reason crops are.not so good as they would ha-ve been 
 
could we have bad good seasons. The area planted in sweet potatoes is not so large 
 
as it would have been but for the drought. 
 
FLYNN lliBGJ:TT, JR. 
 
Heard.- We have 4ad a drought of about five weeks that injured the oats, bl.J( 
 
have had good rains recently that brought out the oats, except the very forward. 
 
Wheat was the worst killed, but it has fallowed out and the most of the fields will 
 
make good wheat. Fields that were not thinned out by the cold were never better. 
 
Corn is rather small but in fine condition. Farmers have been pushing their busi- 
 
ness and are fully up with their work. 
 
J. C. Bmnn:a. 
 
Henry.-Harvesting has not commenced yet. Wl).eat was badly winter kil~ed, therefore bad stand, but the heads are fine, no rust. It has been Tery dry, oata badly cut off, hardly high enough to cut. Burt oats very light but will do to cut. We wouldn't be without them if we could help it, will be the oata for this section. 
J. M. McDONALD. 
 
fasper.-Farmers pushing business ahead vigorously. Living more economically 
 
than usual; wearing old clothes and going in debt less. 
 
H. M. Wmnoll. 
 
Jonea.-The progress in farm work is fully up to the standard, and cro):>s are generally clear of grass. The dry weather with us during the month of May bas been disastrous to spring oats on thin land and has caused poor stands of cotton in places of late planting. Rust in late wheat in many places. The plan~, corn and cotton, are healthy but small, owing to the dry weather. We are having good ~~~~a sons now'and as the crops are m good condition will improve rapidly. 
R. T. Ross-. 
 
 20 
 
DEPARTMEST OF AGRICULTURE-GEORGIA. 
 
[104] 
 
Mclh4fie. - We have had fine rains and the crop prospect is reporteu good from 'Ivery section of. our county. A few localities have been damaged by hail. 
H. McCoRKLE. 
 
-The best stand of cotton ill the past five years, and plants healthy. The oats 
 
are very heavy which wm make up largely for the thinning out by the cold. The 
 
best wheat crop in several -years. 
 
 
 
A . E. STURGIS. 
 
Jlferiwether. - I am more than willing to serve your Depal'tmeut, not only as cor- 
 
respondent, but in any 'other way that will aid you in your 11oble work, for it has 
 
been a godsend to the farmers of this as well as other States. - 
 
The majority of our farmers are disheartened on account of the failure of the fall 
 
oat crop. I am fearful that it will be hard to get them to sow next fall, but we 
 
must insist, as it is one of the best crops that we can make. 
 
The Carp seems to be a success. I have commenced to build a pond and will 
 
stock it with them, will have one acre hi it. 
 
JOHN MILTON INGRAM, JR. 
 
MO?gan.-Bpring oats badly hurt by dry weather, a great many too short to cut, Been no rain to wet the ground in six weeks. Late planted cotton has a poor stand. 
J. H. AINSLIE. 
 
-Have had a dry May. Good time to work out cotton, but some was planted too late to get a good stand. W.e are needing min very bad now. 
G. D. PERRY. 
 
-Early variet ies of oats, spring sown and well manured, are very good. 'While 
 
the drought damaged the oat crop, early vegetables, pasture~, etc., it was an advan- 
 
tage to the wheat. There has been a great improvement in wheat this month, and 
 
 it bids fair to yield an average crop. The heavy and successive rains commencing about the 1st of March, and contin- 
 
uing up to the 22d of April, left the farmers greatly behind in their work, and the 
 
lands in a washed and baked condition. Since, there has been no rain scarcely 
 
consequently nearly balf the land was plowed up in an unpulverized condition. 
 
Most of the cotton crop was planted within ten days after the rain ceased, and the 
 
stand is-excellent; where plan Led before ibis time the rains on it were cold, and the 
 
land crusted before it could come up, aud 'that which was planted after this time, 
 
unless very deep, the. sail became too dry and the stands are not so good. 
 
 
 
JEFF. H. GAtSSERT. 
 
Newtcn.-.A disease tbatis quite prevalent among cattle in this county is very 
 
alarming at this $ime. !have lostmythirdmilch cow and have fears for others. The 
 
.first indications of the disease is a refusal to eat or drillk, and a constant rubbillg ef 
 
the head on bushes or trees, ears drooped and a constant runningof w:ater from the 
 
m outh like a ropy discharge; obstinate constipation, uo bloody urine at any stage, 
 
and o.ccasional gri ttin,g of the teeth. I dren,ched with every drug that I coukl think 
 
of or had heard o f, t o no effect. I made a post mortem examination and found the 
 
rumen filled harcl and tight and entirely destitute of gastric j nice, and dry as a shoe- 
 
sole, 
 
J. E, McCoNNELL. 
 
Oglethorpe.- H aving quiteaprotractecldronght. Some partial showers, no general 
 
 rain in May. On the whole, wheat perhaps "Qenefi.tecl. Spring sown oats badly in- 
 
jured. Late planted cotton failed to come np. The bud worm unusually severe on 
 
corn. 
 
C. A. S!En;;o;s. 
 
-The weather is very dry. Garuens well nigh ruiped. Spriog oats badly in- 
 
jnrc;Jd for -w.ant of rain. Wheat is generally good. The laud is so bard, where it has 
 
not been broken since the big rain il1 April, that we cannot work to any a.jvantage, 
 
-n some crops are injuring in consequence. 
 
JAMES J. GREEN. 
 
 L105J 
 
CROP REPORT~1884 . 
 
21 
 
PutJUtnt.-Cotton prospect is good, cotton was plantetllate, but stands very good, 
 
. and the plant has grown fast and is equally as far advanced as last year. Corn late but promising. Wheat and oats are now" being harvested. Fall oats good, but , 
 
stand very poor; spring oats better than umal. Wheat better than we expected one 
 
month ago. Farmers are.abontup with their work. 
 
J. 1'. DENNIS. 
 
Rockdale.-Crops are about ten days late, but are in good condition. Farmers are 
 
up with their crops, and ready for harvesting "wheat and oats which will commence 
 
in eight or ten days. 
 
J. W. GR;U!ADE. 
 
Spalding.-Receipt for colic or bolts in horse or mules-have never known it to 
 
fail: 'fake half pint of whisky, one table spoonful of chloroform, half pint of warm water. Give as a drench every thirty minutes until relieved. 
8AM:l.iEL F. GRAY. 
 
Taliajerro.-Urge the fa1mers to plant drilled corn, sorghum, peas, German mil 
 
let--any kind of forage to supplement the short oat crop. Fall oats are extra good 
 
heads, but the stand is too defective to make a crop. Spring oat are poor. Sowea Burt and Hawkins Hill oats on the 6th of Februilry. Hawkins Hill were the most 
 
promising up to the time of beading, but were utterly ruined by blaSt. There is no 
 
plastin Burt or Red Rust Proof, which were sowed the same day and in adjoining 
 
rows. All th.e Hawkins Hill oats that I have heard from are ruined by blast. 30 per cent. is b).asted and 10 per cent. bas no kernel in the shuck. Carp received in 
 
December, 18 2, have increased from _17::1' to 14 ol" 15 inches in length, and have spawned already. As a table fish they are good or poor, according to the char- 
 
acter of the pond. 
 
D. N. SANDEI!S. 
 
Talbot.-We are now ba.~ing some very dry weather. It has been six or eeveu 
 
weeks since we have bad a rain of ~my consequence. While the outlook seems 
 
somewhat gloomy. yet the farmers do not despair, and are moving ahead and doing 
 
what they can. Crops are being well worked' and put in good condition, rea<ly for 
 
the rain wbeu it does come. Corn is still growing slowly, and bas a good color. Crops have bad, or are .having now, their secohd working. Cotton chopping is about through. Spring oats, owing to the dry weather, have been cut off. Wheat 
 
i not so good as expected the first of May. While we have failed to a large extent 
 
in wheat and oat-s, we hope for the b~st in the future. 
 
S. ~ FREEM<U~. 
 
-Rain is muclineeded to get up a stand of cotton. The wheat crop will be short. 
It was killed out at the time of the heavy freeze last winter. 
~ :!'! M. CRORRY. 
 
Troup.-We have upon us a very severe drought. Bt1t little rain bas fallen for 
 
nearly 40 days.  The entire rain-fall for May wa8 only 1 inch, and that in broken doses. The result is, oats are badly inju~ed-late ones a failure. My Burt oats at'e 
 
fine and harvested. 
 
H. H. CARY. 
 
Walton.-Stock of all kinds, including horses, mules, cattle, bogs and sheep, were never more healthy here. They were all! wintered on Georgia rai~ed corn, fodder and shucks. Tbough a great many farmers here are beginning to feed on Western corn, I am one of tbeiew men that believe that our stock have suffered more gen erall y from eating damaged Western corn than from any three causes known to our climate. This same calamity, sooner o1 later, will come upon us as a people, unless we quit usi.ng so much Western grain, and many other articles webuy, calleu family supplies. I am satisfied in my own mind that very many articles of foreign import are far from being what they were  wben I was a boy, forty years ago. He.nce the rapid increase of various kinds of diseases. This by the way, but then it is my 
conviction. 
 
... 
 
 ... 
 
24 
 
DEl'AR'r:MENT OF AGRtCULTURE...;_GEORGIA. 
 
[108] 
 
fine condition but corn is remarkably small but healthy, and gtowingcottn looking 
 
more healthy tban I ever saw at this ?Ieason before. My individual crop of oats are 
 
full an average o( spring oat!!; Hawkins Hill cut for seed 23d; will cut Burt oats 
 
31st (tomorrow.) Co=ou rust-proof sown in September are fully a week later 
 
than the Burt and two weeks later than Hawkins Hill sown 5th of Februar)' Gen- 
 
eral rain 9th, not much since except in a small portion of the county. Rye has 
 
donefmely-never better. Oats, wheat and rye have relieved the strain for feed for 
 
m!\1] and beast. Gardens never better. 
 
G&o. W. C. MuNRO. 
 
Muscogee.-Thc cause of my putting some things at so low an estimate is that we 
have a drought prevailin!} that has done great damage to crop .- Tile spri)lg oats is 
. a complete failure and the Irish potatoes is very much cut off; the sugar-cane is a 
bad stand, tlre stalk small and not healthy. The corn prdllpect is good, all early plan ted corn is doing well , the late planting~, or bottoms, has a bad stand owing to drought, bud worms and birds. An early rain will make the bottoms bring good corn. Corn planted in June. 'Ve have not had a season in four weeks and a very light rain at that time. Crops of aU kinds have been suffering for three days past, as the wind is northea t ami very cool nights and JUf)rniugs. and I fear will iu~urc the 
cotton plant, which it will on sandy land as it will cause it to die out on sand. C. 0 GLETRCE. 
 
Quitm~n.-The fi~ld crops of our entire county, though a little later than last 
 
year at same time, are e:1tirely satisfactOry to all fair-minded fanners, (oats ex- 
 
cepted,) and never were in a better condition, though needing_ rain generally. Good 
 
rains have !)lien in the southurn and eastern portions of the county. Farmers gener- 
 
ally fee~ much encouraged with the present outlook. Maximum temperature for the 
 
month 85; minimum. 52; mean, 70; rainfall, 1.7 in. 
 
 
 
J. E. SMITH. 
 
-Weare very dry, rain much needed. Potato planting behind. Oats were all 
 
sown since Christmas, consequently arc late, and not. so good as would have been 
 
with a good rain ten days ago. Dogs have killed all lambs and some of the old ones, 
 
consequently the clip is not so good. 
 
~r. P. KrMDLE. 
 
Ran dolph.-The weather has been so dry a great deal of the early planted cotton 
 
did not come up well. Think the prospect not quite so good as last year; very little 
 
grass and the plant looks healthy. Too soon to say anything about sweet potatoes or 
 
melons. Yery little land planted in potatoes yet, in consequence of the dry weather; 
 
what is, looks very well. Small patches of wheat planted look very well. Oat.s 
 
almost a failure, very thin and low, been cut off by'cold and dry weather. 
 
. 
 
J AS. E. GODFREY. 
 
Te1-rill.-My county is very dry, no rain in. May till the 24th, and only in spots. 
 
1\fy neighborhood is very dry; crops look like they will die, the body of the earth 
 
has never been wet since the fall and winter. Dry weather fields of cotton not up 
 
yet, and can'tcome up until it rains. It is disheartening to look at crops where it is 
 
so dry. Theoatcropisnot;halfacrop; killedwith winter freezesandadryMay. 
 
No l'ain since the 3d Saturday in April. 
 
ELIJAll BELFLOWER. 
 
Thonws...:..Planters well up with their work. Crops in good condition but now 
 
wanting rain. I notice within the last few days a gooddeal of cotton dying, but not 
 
enough to affect the stand yet. Oat harvest will begin next week. Crops will be 
 
very light. Corn short but good color. Farmers all in good spirits, and prospects 
 
very good for all crop~ but sugar-cane and oats. 
 
DAVID A. Ho~N. 
 
Webster.-! have put the prospective yield of oats at 50 per cent. of an average crop, butfear thatthSJY will fall below even that. The pa;kageofbeaided wheat sent 
 
 (109] 
 
CROP REPORT--1 884. 
 
25 
 
to me from your Department was not planted till the first day of January, but bas 
 
proved to be a good wheat. 
 
We have not bad a general rain over our county since the 8th of May, and a light 
 
one then. I understand that a fine rain fell over about the southern half of the 
 
county on Sunday, the 25th of May, but in the northern half it is very dry and not 
 
a sigp for rain at this writing. Farmers are ge nerally well up with their work, and 
 
the only complaint! hear among them is the dry weather, which is getting to be 
 
fearf ul. 
 
REASON .A.. BELL. 
 
-Murrain in portions of the county has p~vailed amongst the cattle, but few 
 
deaths 'resulting. Cholera bas been fatal to hogs in the northern part of the county. 
 
A few horses ami mules have died from careless attention or from local di seases. 
 
Th e county is generally dry, exceptio,ally; no rain since 19th of A.pril ult. Small 
 
grain severely damaged. Corn and cotton vigorous and promising. The dry weather 
 
hus matuially aided farmers in cleaning their crops. 
 
JAMEs P. WA LKER' 
 
EAST GEORGIA.. 
 
Burke.-Recent rains have mu~b improved the status of crops as reported for 
 
May J ~t. 
 
W. B. J }fES. 
 
Dodge. -We have just passed through a five w~eks drought, which has in jured the 
 
spring oats very badly; the fall oats were all killed. 
 
JAMES BucHANNAN. 
 
Jeffcrson.-Crop prospects of corn and cot.ton g.:>od at present. It has bcm the best winter and spring for farm work I ever saw, hardly a day lost by bud weather. Plan ters generally well up with their work. Cotton chopping nearly done. 
ANDREW E . 'J'.\RVER. 
 
-Have had fine rains the past week, which bas helped the backward or late oats 
 
very much. The rain was accompanied with hail in some parts of the county, doing 
 
some damage to corn and cotton. 
 
S. H. CLARK. 
 
-H11d fine seasons May 24th and 25th. The crop prospect, as a whole, was never 
 
be!ter and the outlook gonerally is highly encouraging. With a few more true- 
 
bills and co nviction s for vagrancy the labor problem will be solved. Ourla tgrand 
 
jury and Judge Cain deserve the thanks of our entire county. 
 
H. rJ. B I.TTLE 
 
Montgomery.-I am glad to say that almost all the growing crops of this county 
 
are in fi ne condition. Farmers are well up with their work. Sugar-cane is almost 
 
a failure for want of seed; there will hardly be enough grown in this connty to sup- 
 
ply seed for another year. The much abused sorghum is planted by all that co-Ilcl 
 
obtain seed. I think it will become more popular in this portion of the tate than 
 
ever before. 1 have tried nearly all the different varieties in the last fifteen years 
 
and hnve never allowed myself to run out of seed of the best varieties for this sec- 
 
tion. I offered seed last fall, to every man that wanted to plant it, free of co t, and 
 
found very few that wanted to plant it, depending on their sugar-ome roots for seed, 
 
but when it was found this spring they were all killed, I could have sold my entire 
 
crop of sorghum seed if 1 bad saved it then, but only saved what I wanted for my 
 
own use. 
 
There is a heavy falling o 'fin the sheep throughout this entire section; there are 
 
but two main causes for the falling off, and that is dogs and hogs. Th ere are no bet- 
 
ter sheep ranges than this in Georgia, if they were properly protected by our law- 
 
makers. 
 
G. M. 'f. McCLOUD. 
 
-We have had good seasons up to date . Corn crop is p~o:nising. The apple 
 
 '26 
 
DEP.I.RDIE :\T OF AGRICULTURE-GEORGI.!.. 
 
lllO] 
 
.crop is a failure. Peaches never be~ter. With good seaaons fro:n now on we ex- 
 
pect to make plenty. 
 
J. C'LAYTO~ CLEME~s. 
 
-The prospect for a full crop wa~ ne\'e< any be~ter. H ad no rain to 23d, ight showers 2.J.th, 25th, 26 .h and 27th. Dry, fair alll.l cool, Past wind the last two days. 
J. A. Woo-rEx. 
 
Richmond.-The peach and apple Clops were ~reatly inj 1red by the bail- torm 
 
Old field plums (the common plums) are almost an entire failure. Acorns are 
 
more abundant than they ha>e been in years. The "fence men " are app ;cben- 
 
.sive tLe Supreme Cour~ will snstai_n the d~cision of our judge, and their hogs will 
 
h a>e to be fed from their cribs. " l-Ye ones ha~ to sec so many acorns throwed 
 
~way. " 
 
R. hl. McXAIR. 
 
Tt<';!I!I~-- Havin,s f .iled to ge~ blank from yon for making crop report for this mood, I writ e, not wishirg ruy county to be left entirely out. 
o,er a large portion o( the county, no rain of consequence Ins fallen since mid- 
-dle of April. Wh f rever up to a stand. wh ich is the case, except the Ja est p~ant-  ings, the crops are doing very well, and will report yie'd of oats 0; wh ell.t 75; con diti on of corn i!:>; not np 1)1; condition of cotton 90; not up to a stnnd 2)1. 
F. D. iVmBERLY. 
 
WilkiMon.-Purtial showen in some ect ions. ceding rain in m::>st all part of 
 
-the cou nty. 
 
JA)fE A. MA 0 ~. 
 
SOUTHEAST GEORGIA. 
 
E_{Ti!!ghant - Of the oats sent m e from the Dcp .r~rnent last win ter I sowed se>en 
 
-sack. , containing probably a quart each, on 7.( of an a<;re of medium fair land. I 
 
cut 256 bundles, bea t off5 bundles and got 5 quarts and a fra ction o cer a pint of 
 
clea oa ts. I shall beat otf and sa\"e all for ! eed . The seed were sowed on the 2d 
 
day of January. 
 
T. R. TARVER. 
 
Cojlee. -I La,e Jeported sugar-ram at 60 per cent., which is probably too high. 
 
Owing to th e FeYere freeze in the fall m ost of the seed cane was badly injured. 
 
Stock is looking well. The clip of wool was lighter than usual. On eccount of the 
 
farly ~p ring and late hearing, a great many have shed off; hence the cmse of the 
 
light clip. 
 
Jo E:PH BAILEY . 
 
r;tynn.- I report no wheat for Glynn as a general crop. Some few acres haye 
 
been so wn on St. Simou'ti by Mr. James Postel and Mr. Shadman, and these gentle- 
 
men say it looks fine-and if it turns out all right., the suppo,ition is that it will be 
 
p lanted on a la:ger scale next fall. 
 
JI'o. R. DonFLINGE. 
 
Libc.-ty. - Your re1 orts are valued and full of interest. 'l'he time spen t in filling 
 
-out b'anks is well spent. Tbe only "~nde r spot" is tbe accnracy of percentages; 
 
still, if one does his best C0!1Science should approve. The Department is a blessing 
 
(und ~guised), and highly appreciated by your correspondents and brother farmer 
 
and planter~. So long as I can serve effectively and intelligently, I am yours to 
 
command. 
 
J. A. 1L KrsG. 
 
--The spring, we thought, wa. too cool and crops kept back; farmers were also 
 
disposed to growl for more rain, bnt the s' ower~ set in a week ago and all the crop 
 
.are looking splendid. Those that were well p!owed in winter will yield n fine 
 
hanes: with but little rain. 
 
ALFRED J . HENDRY. 
 
- There is no known disease among stock, bu~ from some unknown cause the in-crease in lambs is very small-not more than 33 per cent. The damnge to oats was not ca used by ru t, but cold :March winds and subsequent drougLt. 
 
GEO. M . MI LLS. 
 
 --~--------------------~-- r-r---------------.------~----~ 
 
(111] 
 
CR P REPHt'l'-18 4. 
 
 
 
27 
 
LECT URE BY M. GEORGE VILL E, 0~ STO CK A ' D STOCK RAlt:;ING. 
 
( Tr an.3lated f , o:n the Franch ) 
 
GE:>TLE:u:E:s-You kno-;v we must give the soil four diiTeren' sub;tan~es h a fer 
 
til izer 
 
Acid Pbosp!1ate, Potash, Lime, Kitrogeu, 
 
if you expect fine and ab ~m hnt crops. 
 
Animals must also have fonr substances in their fee Ll, 
Albuminoid, Fak<, Carbo-hydrates,* Sal ts or minerals, 
 
that they may live, ~row, be well developed and give flesh, milk, wool and strength, In a pracLical poin t of view the anal>gy is rem!lrkable. The p roducts are different, 
the nu mber is the same. Y ou know, also, that th e four substances compo3in~ the fer tilizer, cannot pro- 
duce their fall effect, exct>pt the four arc unite<l. Th is associa tion is so essential. that the S'lppres;ion of on e mat~rially reduces, if it doc3 not really destroy, the efficacy of the three others. 
I t is the same with animals. The suppre ion of one of the f.:>Ur terms of the feed, Alb:1mino ids, F.tts, Carbrhydrates or Min~rals, so affects the wJrk of nutrition, that t!le animal becomes diseased and death generdll y ensue-. 
A dog fed upon meat careful ly washed, so as to be as n early pure fibrin as possible, soon s!lows a repugnance to it, followed by intesti nal troubles which end in death. Carbo-hydrate3 are equally injurious. :\Iagendie has left us classic experiments on this point. Ail ass fed upon rice alone, lived only three weeks. 
A food of fats is sti l more defective. A duck fed entirely on bu ~ ter died of inanition at the end of thr.:e weeks. The butter sweated from aU parts of its body. It exhaled an odor rem'nding one of butyric acid_. The excretions ,,ere formed almost er1tirely of fat. The supp:esion of mineral  neutra izesthe rest of the food, and among minerals, the ab ence of common sJlt (chloride of sodium) alone, will finally produce dt ath. To maintain a healthy nutrition, th:tt is, uot only to keep up a satisfactory slate of h ealth, but an uninterrrtpted increase of weight, we must ha1e, I repeat, the assoc;ation of the four term ~: 
A'buminoids, Fa s, Carb J-hydrates, 1\Ii nera 's. 
 
,, Srarch, sngnrs, dcx.trin, gum and ceUulo5c 
 
.. 
 
 28 
 
 
 
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE-GEORGIA 
 
[112] 
 
The effect of each ~me of these four cl~se~ of suhstances is increased, not only 
 
by association with the three other~, but still more by the relative proportions to 
 
each other when fed. 
 
In fact, if yon alternately vary the quantities of ench one of the four t~rms of 
 
the feed, you will find that the albuminoids and fats have more influence than the 
 
hydrates of carbon. 
 
We will demonstrate these two fundamental principles by a simple examp'e in 
 
the use of milk, the most perfect of foods. 
 
Its composition proves the necessity of the four terms. It contains : 
 
Ca~eine-A lbuminoids. Butter-Fatty mattet. 
ngar of milk-Oatbo-hydmted. Salts - Min<:rtJls. 
 
I take up the second proposition, the superiority of fatty matters and albumino:ds. To prove. this, here are three parallel experiments: a call fed on skimmed milk ; another given the same quantity of 8kimmed milk, with the addition of butter- 
a milk; and a third, the same quantity of milk with cream added. The results are different. In week the first calf bad gained thirteen pot~nds; the second twenty-six pounds, and the third forty-eight pounds. 
What more bad the second calf received than the first? Sugar of milk and hydrate of carbon; and the third than the second? More fatty matters and alburninoids. 
The follow ing weights are th e exact quantities used in this important experiment: To one hundred of live weight was given in the week t'J each of the three calves, 
 
Fatty 
 
\nseine. Matters. 
 
lbs. 
 
lbs. 
 
1. Skimmed milk .......... .. ............. .. .... .. 9 
 
3 
 
u~rof 
 
Milk. Weight Gained. 
 
lbs. 
 
lb . 
 
11 
 
13 
 
2. kimmed milk and butter milk........ 9 
 
5 
 
15 
 
26 
 
3. Skimmed milk and cream ......... . .....11 
 
15 
 
13 
 
4 
 
Ob-erve the incrt ase of weight 
 
Weight Gained. 
 
1. With insufficient food ............................. ... .... .............. ..... .. .13 pow1ds. 
 
2. With more hydrate of carbon ............................... ...... ......... 2S pounrls. 
 
3. With more proteine and fatty mutter .. ............... ................ .. .4 pounds. 
 
Let us compare these remits with those obtained from Rape with a mineral 
 
Iutililler aud a complete fertilizer. 
 
Amount of Grain to the Acre. 
 
Soil without fertilizer .... ..................................................... ..... 10 bushels. 
 
Mineral fertilizer, without nitrogen ...................... .. ................ .. 21 busheL. 
 
Min eral fertilizer, with 39 pounds more of nitrogen .................. 36 bushels. 
 
Mineral fertil 'zer, with 7 pounds more of nitrogen ...... ...... .. .. .. 56 bushels. 
 
In this experiment, the mineral fertilizer corresponds to the ration with the addition of carbo-hydrate, and the complete fertilizer with 39 to 7 pounds of nitrogen, to the ration with excess of proteine and fatty matter. With these proofs before us can any one deny the superiority of fatty matter and proteiue or of nitrogenous matter in 1he fertilizer? 
The idea of domin ants and the priuci pie of collective forces is then as applicable to animals as to plant, and brings the conditions of production of the two kingdoms under the !arne laws. 
The great superioriLy of fatty matters ovel' carbo-hydrates is due to t!Jeir 
 
 [113] 
 
CROP REPORT-1884. 
 
29 
 
beating power. With Pqual weights, the combustion of fatly matter' produces two and a half times as much heat. The amount of fatty matter one can consume in high latitudes i. incredible. The Laplanders drink pure fish oil as we drink 
wine or beer. The increased actiYit.y of respiration necessary to warmtL in cold climate , ex- 
plains tLc desire for and powl'r to take such food. By the help of fatty matters, animals utili? with lees eflort that part of thdr 
food which is to be assimilated and converted into animal produc~. Fatty matters hold the fir,t place as heat-p10ducing foods; then come the 
carbo hyilratffl. and lastly, the a ' bnminoids, which, boweyer, ore aga;n P"Ominent a pbysio'ogical elemeLts in the formation of ti ssu\!s and generally of all animal production. 
Do these distinctions. which recfnt experiments have proved correct, ju tify the general belie! tl.:at animals are incapable of producing anything of them selves, and that their power is limited to the accumulation in t!H>ir t"s ues of the different subs ta nces in their food by isolating them? 
Nothing is more contrary to the reality of their phenomena than ~ uch a belief. The truth is that animals create their substance themselves as plants do. Whil~ in preparation for tLis work of creation, their foods undergo such modificaticns as to completely change their na ture . In the words of Mr. Chevreul, "Cooked foods are uncooked and partly changell into flesh , fat and Jiving tissues by the animal 
organisms. " 'The idea that albuminoids take no part in the production of animal heat is 
equally unfounded. Th e incessant 'ormation of urea which is derived from them by oxidation, is a 
proof to the contrary. But it is also true, that in this part of the physiological work, fatty matters and the hydrates of carbon are superior to the albuminoids in the work of nutrition. 
In a ord, all these elements non: ish and burn sooner or later, bttt under different conditions or relations. 
The work of nutrition in both kingdoms takes place through a number of analogous and sometimes identical acts. But above all these nnalogies, there is one contrast which overpowers a ll others, and finally assigns different fun Ltions to the vegetable and animal kingdoms in the economy of living nature. 
Let me once more remind you, the plant proceeds from mineral compounds of &:~.tisfied affinities. It absorbs the heat and light of the sun which it extin~uishl's in its $Ubstauce, where it pases into a state of iooperfectly neutralized chemical affinities. 
The animal on th e contrary, proceeds from organized compounds, whose imperfectly satisfied affinities are in a h"gh state of tension, from whence ib slmws both the heat which animates it and the substance wl1ich nourilihes it. 
This is the great opposition difference. But we will return to the practical part of our subject and support the laws 1 point out to you by another example, and show that if intensive cultwe only, is remunerative, so also abundant and judiciously proportiontd feed alone, can make stock profi tabH! consumers. The facts for this new demonstration I take from an old experiment of Prof. Boussingault. 
If you fefd a young pig of 132 pounds exclusively on Irish potatoes, he will have formed fifteen pounds of flesh at the end of ninety days. He weighed 132 pounds at the beginnlng of the experiment, and at the end of it. he weighed 147 pound@. To produce these fifteen pounds he consumed 1,1i2 pounds of Irish potatoes. 
This is certainly a poor result. Let us make a second experiment upon another 
 
 30 
 
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE-GEORGIA . 
 
pig also weighing 132 pound, adding rye meal, grounu peas, greasy water and scraps from the table to the Irish potatoes. 
The lrish potatoes, though rich in hydratP.s of carbon, contain but little fatty matter and Tcry few proteine elements. By an addition of peas, rye meal and greasy water, we change a11 imperfect and insufficient feed into a comp'ete, intense and well proportioned feed. 'fhis approaches, though it does not equal, th e food of the sucking period. 
The growth is greater and more rapid wi th this second feed. In ni net y-three days it is raised to ~ 01 pounds in tead of fifteen pO'Unds. 
How much fcod had the pig, fed exclusively on Irish potatoes, comumed? 1,172 pounds equal to 286 pounds of dry matter. 
The amount of food consumed in the second exreriment was 3,665 pounds, equal to :i63 pounds dry matter, twice as much as in the first. But on the other band, by doubling the feed we increased the product six-fold. 
Food Con. umed. Weight Gained. Feed of Ir ish potatoes alone...................... .. ....... 286 pounds. 15 pour:ds. Wilh a perfect and abundant feed ................. ......563 pounds. 101 pounds. 
 
FEED OJ,' H OG EXCLI:SIVELY OF IRISH POTATOES . 
 
Hydrocar- 
 
lrisb p talc es Irish pQlaloes Proteine 
 
Fatty 
 
bouacens 
 
moist. 
 
dried. 
 
matters. 
 
matters. 
 
mat:ers. 
 
'ails 
 
12 pounds. 3 pound~. 0.07 pounds. 0.04 pounds. 2 1\ pounds. 0.02 pounds. 
 
In ninety-three days the lengih of the experiment, the food consumed was: 
 
1,078 pounds. 286 pounds. 28 pounds. 3 pounds. 237 pounds. !) pounds. 
 
In this ]l('l'iod <f ninety-three days the pig gained .. .......... .... .... . 15 pound;;. At the beginning of the experiment it weighed ................. ......132 pounds. At the end of the experiment it weighed ... .................. .... .. ...... 147 pounds. 
 
FEED OF ITOG WHEN PERFE TLY AXD ABUNDANTLY FED. 
 
DAILY. 
 
lp 80I1'd Dry rot''me1 1<'a ttY JbIo,ndarcoecoamr- lilts. 
Matters Mat.er. l:1-fatters Matters "Ulattt .rs. 
 
- - . - - - - - - - - - - - - - !JOU;.;;- p<HH d. I pound; pou r ds J>O  rds pounls. 
 
Ir'sb Potatoes....................... 5 
 
3 
 
0.4 
 
0.009 1.000 0.000 
 
Rye, Cracked..... .................. 0.450 8.387 0.056 0.009 0 293 0 011. 
 
Rye :Meal............................ . 0.320 0.273! 0.0501 0.011 0.21 
 
G~ound 0.085,~ Peas........................, 0. 340 0.3001 
 
0 007 O.l!l3 
 
:2.:: _ Greasy 'Water ...................... 
 
~~- ~:~:: ~~ -~:: 
 
437:~~~~ In :"ir:ety-Eight Days.. ..... 1 244,7 0 
 
31,4161 7,4!8 194,632 
 
0.006 0.011 
I ~::: 
!l,720 
 
In this period of ninety eight days the bog gained ........ .... ........ 103 pounds. At the beginning of the experiment be weigLed .. .. ..... ............... l43 pountb. At the end ............................................... .... ..... ............. .... ..... 246 po ~IUds. 
 
uppose we hav-e a speculation in pork. lf the animals ar~ oodly fed, we must 
 
 [115 1 
 
CR P REPORT--1884. 
 
3! 
 
baYe 14 J- ~ad of J: ogs to pr(duce 220 pounds of flesh in 93 d 1ys. If well fed, two 
 
hogs will make the same amount, .yiz: 220 pounds. 
 
Which of thc6e two methods is the better-economically the most advant:1geous? 
 
Ts it better to raise 14 pigs or 2 only? 
 
' 
 
For 14 pigs we need more bou ing, more time, etc. T be general eJ>:peme, the 
 
handling, the buildings, tl e intere~t on capital are the same whether the animals 
 
are well or ill-fed. Kow, the cost of the meat per pound is 1< ss a the iocrease of 
 
weight is : realer. Always the theory of intensive culture. Pigs abundanllr fed, 
 
culture intensi ve and remunerati\'e. 
 
tock are considered a mcessary evil. How is it to be otberwi~e if animals are 
 
badly feu? What ran we expert of an animal fed on straw? What better is the 
 
feed gi\en in our departments of the South and the mountains of Puy-du-Dome and 
 
of Vivnrllis? 
 
We repeat again:_When the feed is imperfect and ill-proportioned', it effect is 
 
l~s. with equal weight thqn when plentiful and containing in proper proportions 
 
the fou r terms which you know. 
 
If we giYe a pig Irish potatoes alone, 220 pounds of f<'ed produce only 13 pounds 
 
increase. If the feed is plentiful and well -proportioned, 2?_.0 pounds w:IJ ghe 39 
 
pounds. 
 
Thi same fact is more strikingly shown in the three calves fed on skimmed milk, 
 
adding first buttermilk and then cream, for in this case the feed is richer and the 
 
increase s naturally more rapi 1 during ~he sucking period. 
 
220 pounds skimmed milk produced 116 pounds live weight. 220 pounds skimruod milk and buttermilk, 198 pounds lie weight. 220 po unds skimmed milk and cream, 25i pounds live weight. 
 
)fr. Kuhn reports that six bee.-es wcig'1ing 1,214 pounds e ~ ch, gained 1,39i pounds with a feed rich in fatty matters; while six other beeves weighing 1,2i6 pounds each, gained only 946 pour;ds in the same length of time on a feed not so deb in fatty matter. We find al ways the same facts -high feeding with quick increa6e of weight is most economical and ramnnerative. 
Acknowledge, g~ntlemen, these analogies are singulady instructive and thro" an unexpected light on tho rules to be applied to stock-raising-they are two, viz: abundant feed properly proprrrLioned. 
If a feed contains too much carbo-!-. ydrates in the form of meals, a))(] is consequently wanting in fatty matter and nitroeen, a part of the meal and cel!ulose is found in the excretions without undergoing the least alteration, and the meal in th e manure is of KO u e. It -:ontains only carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, that is to say. the e'ements whicu the plants draw fr.>m air and water. On the contrary, if the amount of nitrogenous matter is too large and the fatty rratter too ~mall, a part of the nitrogenous matter in its turn pMses through t.he animal. But thi9 time the loss i not ~ntire, for we know that. nitrogenous matter of animal or vegrtable origin are powerful fertilizers, but as r itrogenous matter i more nseful as food than as manure. there is stiil a loss. Finally, jf the quantity of fatty Jlla ter is too large, the digPiition is impaired, and we find both nitrogenous matter 11nd hylrates of carbon in the manure. 
For a long time it was belie~ed that cellulose was not nou rishi ng, but a .urge number or careful experiments h "e dcmoP~trated this belief to be un founded, and that at least 50 per 100 of the cellu lo!'e contained in forage aided in the work of nutrition , but certainly with less infl:er. ce than meals and sugar~ . Salts are al~o essenti al. 
 
 82 
 
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE- (}EORGIA 
 
[11 6] 
 
.A dog, whose food wll6 wanting in potash, though otherwise well fed, showed signs of inanition in le!!S than a monlh. 
ln a practical potnt of view, we have only to supply the phosphates and sa1ts, for 
 
the animals receive more of the other minerals in their food and water than they can make use of. The conclusion from all this is, that there is a proper balance to be main tained in the relation of the feed to the live weight of the animal and the 
 
<lOrnposition of the food itself. 
 
To come to simple and practical ideas on these two points, we must avoid the comparison of two dissimilar substances in mixing feeds and substitute for each other only such n.s are analogous, that is to say, those whose digestibili ty, vohtAe and richness are nearly the same. 
 
I t is very evident, t.hat in equal quantities the proteine in wheat, peas or corn, is 
 
<>f much greater value than the proteine in broom-grass or buckwheat stalks, and 
 
the fatty matter in linseed cake of much greater value than the green matter extracted from dry leaves by means of ether. 
Thus our ideas on these points can be brought to prec:se terms of a highly prac- 
 
tical value. The volume of the feed and its relation to the digestive apparatus of 
 
different domestic animal , if we consider the weight alone, may be fixed by the following table : 
 
TO 100 OF LIVE WEIGHT. 
 
Wetgbt of 
dry feed. 
 
Cows ... ..... .. ... ............ ...... ........... ..... ....... .. .................. ................ 2 to 2.50 Draught Oxan ................................. .. ......... ............... .. .... . ........... 2 to 2.50 Fattening Oxen ......... .................. ... ................... ....... ....... .... .. ... ... 3 
beep .... ........ ............................................... ........... ................... 2 to 2.50 Hogs ....................... ............. ........ ... ......... .... ... .. .... . ............... ...... 3 to 4 
 
If we take the mean weight of a cow or ox to be 1,100 pounds and use this weight as a unit of comparison for the different animals, we have in round numbers the 
 
weight of the feed for 24 hours. 
 
Dry feed fo>r 
 1,100 pounds of live weight. 
 
Cow .... .. ..... ............... ...................... :.. .. .... ... ...... ... ........... 26 pounds. 
 
Draught-ox ....... ........ ......... .... .. .... ..................... ... ..... .... 26 pounds. 
 
Fatteningox .... .. ....................... ...................................... 35 pounds. 
 
heep...... ..... . .. .... .... .. ................... ................................. 26 pounds. 
 
Hog...... .. ...................... ... ........................ ................. ...... 41 to 44 pounds. 
 
What in these different feeds, ou1ht to be the part taken by the terms proteine, 
 
fatty rnlatter, albuminoids and salta ? 
 
Tile follow ing tables of ,.Emil Wolf have received the double support of science 
 
and practice : 
 
TO 1,100 POUNDS OF LIV JI WEIGHT PBR I?AY OF 24 HOURS. 
 
' ProteiDe. 
 
Fatty Matter. 
 
Hydrate of 
Carbon. 
 
Milch cow ................. . ... ............ ......... 3 pounds. Dmught ox ............. ... .. ...... .............. .... 2X pounds. Fattening ox......... .................. ............ 4 pounds. Stock sheep......... .......... .......... ..... .. ... 2~ pounds. Fattening sheep ........ ................ ... ........ 2~ pounds. H og ..... ... ....... ... ............. .... .. .... .... ........ 7~ pounds. 
Fattenin g hog ................................7..... 9X pounds. 
 
ll ounces. 8 ollJlces. 12 ounces. 4 ounces. 8 ounces. 8 ounces. 2 ounces. 
 
17 pounds. 15 pounds. 13 pourJds. 15X pounds. 13X pounds. 38 pounds. 27 pounds. 
 
  
 
(117] 
 
CROP REPORT--1884. 
 
33' 
 
I say nothing of salts, because apart from comm r.n salt, of which e\ery one 
 
k nows th e US!', with such a feed tJote animals are abundantly provided with them. 
 
You see in these different feeds the fa tty matters are nearlv one-third of the al- 
 
buminoids, and they in their turn vibrate between the thiJ:d and the fifth of the 
 
 
 
sum of the fatty matters and carbo-hydrates. We are accustomed to express. 
 
these relations in this way : 
 
Relation of fatty matters to proteine ..... ,... .......................... .. ... . .. ....... 1.3 Re'ative nutrition of feed ..... .. ...... ... .. .... ...... ..... ....... ..... ................... ... 1.5 
 
While recognizing the utility of these expressions as a whole, it is well to bear in mind the respective quantities of tLe three terms of the feed , remembering that when we increase the amount of fd.lLy matter by adilition of cakes or that of proteiDe by addition of :flour or peas, the carbo-hydrates weaken a part of the good effect which the feed receives by the addition of the cakes, flour or peas. 
In milk, which corresponds to the most active part of animal life, we find the fatty matter is in the same propo:rtion with the proteine, and this latter is almo:.t the half of the united sum of the fatty matter and carbo-hydrates. 
 
Per cent. or milk Caseine ................................................. 3.60 Dutter .............. . ...... .... .. .. ........ .."............ 4.03 Sugar of milk ......................... ............... 5.50 Butter and sugar of milk....................... 9.50 
 
Theory. 
Protein e. 
~atty mat~er. 
 
Relnthe 
nutrition. 1.00 1 
 
Hydrocarbonates. 2.60 
 
Practical stock raisers are unanimous in saying that in the feed for rai ing stock it is ufficient 1\>r t:l'ie fatty matter to be one-third of the protein!', and the proteine in ils turn t:be fifth of the sum-of the fatty matter and hydrates of carbon, but in a fattening feed the fatty matter must be increa ed one-third and stand .% instead 
of X. and the relation of the proteine to the sum of t:be fatty matter and hydrates 
of carb:)ll mnst stand 1.3 instead of 15. This approaches the composition of milk without quite its richness. 
As an application of the preceding rules the following are two examples of milch cows and b2eves. The progre ive feed is, according to Prof. Kuhn, the one to be followed to obtain the maximum yield of milk: 
 
No. 1.-FEED uSED IN A STABLE OF 20 COWS. 
 
Feed per day per h~ad . 
 
Dry matter. 
 
lbs. 
 
5 pounds clover bay ....... .. .. .... . ..... .. .. 3,465 2~ pounds meadow hay ......... ..... .... 3,2 - 
 
1 pou nd hay ... ... ...... .. ....... ..... ... .. ..... 0,460 
 
8~ pounds barley straw..... .... ......... .. ,&06 5 ~ pou nds wheat straw..... ..... ......:.. 4,045 
 
2 pounds cak e.... ....... .... ... .... ..... ...... 0,755 
 
55 pounds beets ... ..... ... .... .... .. ...... .. ... 8,650 
 
Proteine. lbs. 
0,1 0 0,145 
o,ooo 
0,055 . 0,060 
0,065 2,000 
 
Fatty matter. 
lbs. 
0,070 0,045 0,008 0,070 0,037 0,015 0,0 8 
 
As lmilable nou-nitroge- 
now matt~r. lb>. 
0 76! 0,57.5 0,120 3,H5 0,705 0,300 5,260 
 
2 ,666 
 
2,508 
 
No. 2.  --J'ROG RESSlVE FEED. 
 
1. 
 
No. 1 feed with........... .............. .. .... 28,666 
 
2,508 
 
3 pounds crushed rye..... .. .............. 1,333 
 
015 
 
0,333 10, 69 
 
0,333 0,035 
 
10,869 2,175 
 
29,999 
 
2,513 
 
368 13,044 
 
 S4 
 
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULT_URE- GEORGIA. 
 
[118] 
 
Feed lher dnr per end. 2. 
 
Dry 
 matter. lbs. 
 
Feed No. 1 with .. .. . ......... .......... :.... ~8, 666 
 
4 pounds of beans .......... .. ............... 2,000 
 
Protein e. lbs. 
2,508 285 
 
Fatty matter. 
lbs. 
0,333 0,065 
 
Assimilable non-nitrogenons matter. 
lbs. 
10,869 2,005 
 
30,666 3. Feed No 1 with .............. :............. 28,666 2 pounds cake.............. .. ....... .......... 0,833 
 
2,793 
2,508 0,283 
 
398 
0,333 (',195 
 
12,874 
10,869 0,245 
 
29,599 
4. Feed No.1 with ............. .. ............... 28,666 2X pounds cake .............................. 2,002 
 
2,791 
2,508 0,335 
 
528 
0,333 0,125 
 
11,114 
10,869 0,290 
 
30,668 
 
2,843 
 
0,458 11,159 
 
In these feeds the quantity of proteine is a little less than in the formnlre of Wolf, but the fatty matter is a little larger. 
Here are three formnlrefrom the san,e author for fatierung beef, and are for the three periods: the beginning, the middle, and the end. 
 
1ST PERIOD. THE FATTENING CO~IME!iCES. 
 
Feed ser day and per hea of 1,100 lbs. 
 
Dry matter. 
 
lbs. 
 
55 potm ds beets .................... .'........... 7,000 
 
J.......... 4 pounds of oat straw (cut)! ........... 
 
4~ pounds oats straw ~iven 
 
7,856 
 
at the end of night eed. .. ....... .. 
 
5~ pounds red cl_over hay ................. 7,36D 
 
2~ pounds rye bran......................... 2,312 
 
4 potmds rape cake.......................... 2,700 
 
~,;: pound flax seed meal.. ...... .. .... ... ... 0,220 
 
Y:J pounds of salt.. ..... .. ..................... 0,050 
 
Protein e. lbs. 
0,275 
0,112 
0,536 0,205 0,566 0,56-! 
 
Fatty matter. 
lbs. 0,025 
0,090 
0;128 0,04.6 0,190 0,092 
 
Assimilable matter, nonnitrogen on<, 
lbs. 4,250 
2,602 
. 2,140 . 
0,756 0,486 0,0-!3 
 
27,498 
 
2D PERIOD.' 
 
Fe~ d per day and :per head of 1,100 lbs. 
 
.. Dry matter. 
 
lbs. 
 
66 pounds beets...... .. .......... :.......... 1,600 
 
 4 pounds oats straw, (cut,) 
 
4 pounds oats straw given after night feed. 
 
} .:.:.:.::.:..:.:.: 7,428 
 
8}!;' ponnds red clover hay........ .... ..... 7,360 23-~ pounds rye b:rau ...... .. .:. ....... .. .... 2,312 
 
6}!;' pounds rape cake ............ .... ........ 4,550 
 
}!;'pound linseed cake, .. ...... ........... .. 0,441 
 
1-5 poun d salt ...... ...... ............... ...... 0,067 
 
I 
 
. 
 
29,758 
 
2,248 
Protein e. lbs. 
0,330 0,100 0,536 0,205 0,849 0,108 
2,128 
 
0,571 
 
1~,277 
 
Fatty matter. 
lbE, 0,030 
 
Assimilab le non-nitrogenons matter. 
~bs. 
4,700 
 
0,030 
 
2,424 
 
0,128 0,046 0,285 0,1.5 
 
2,140 0,756 0,729 0,087 
 
0,754 
 
~-Q,836 
 
 [11 9] 
 
CRO.P REPORT-1884. 
 
35 
 
3D PERIOD. 
 
Feed per day and per head of 1,100 !bE. 
 
Dry matter. 
 
lbs. 
 
55 pounds of beets .. .....................:... 7,000 
 
272' POimds cut oats straw,} .. .... ........ 
275 pounds cut oats straw . .. ... .... ..... 4,571 
given after night feed. .. . ........... 872' pounds red clover hay......... .. ..... 7,360 47!\' pounds crushed barley)....... ....... . 2,714 5 pounds 1ape cake......... .......... ........ 4,125 
 
%pound linseed cake ........ ............. . 0,661 X pound salt...... .. .. ......... .... .......... .. 0,083 
 
Proteine. lbs. 
0,275 
0,075 
0,536 0,200 0,707 0,163 
 
 Fatty. matter. 
lbs. 6,025 
0,060 
0,128 0,046 0,237 0,277 
 
Assimilable non-uitrogenons matter. 
lbs. 4,250 
2,068 
2,140 2,282 0,607 0,130 
 
26,514 
 
1,966 
 
0,773 11,477 
 
If these rules are neither so simple nor exact a,s those I have given you for plants, 
 
and the facts less numerous, they are nevertheless most valuable indications. 
 
According to the old system a fattening beef hardly gained two pounds a day, 
 
while "'itba feed'like the 11bove it will gain nearly four pounds a day . 
 
 
 
We cannot be too particular wben changing animals from ordinary feed to a fat- 
 
tening feed, or when changing from a dry winter to the fresh green of spring. 
 
.A.ll domestic animals do not possess the same pow:e; or assimilat-ion. In con- 
 
suming the same amount ot food they do not give either the same products or the 
 
same labor. 
 
For 2,422 pounds of food, the ox gives 220 pounds live weight. For 2,422 pounds of food, the sheep gives 240 pounds live weight. For 2,422 pounds of food, the hog gh6s 572 pounds live weight. 
 
This difference is greater still a.s to time. With equal feed in a week: 
 
The hog gains ....................................................................... 6.00 per cent. The sheep .... .... ............... ..................................................... 1.75 per cent. The ox............................................................... . .. .. ............ 1.00 per cent. 
 
We may find the like analogies in the making ofperfeoted races. 
 
.A. Dnrham ox is fully developed at four years of age, while the native ox gener- 
 
ally requires six years. By crossing the Merino sheep on the Disbley, we get bot.h 
 
fina.1 ess of wool and a greater development of fiesh. With the milch cow we can 
 
even prolong the milking period. 
 
 
 
But what is still more rem~J,rkable in high bred animal a, besides their precocity, 
 
allowing the quicker movement of capital inv9llted, is the extraordinary develop- 
 
ment of the fleshy part,s, the choice morsels; as the qutchers say, over the coarser 
 
part,s and the refuse. 
 
In a Durham ox, fQr instance, the hea:d and bones are reduced to the smallest 
 
dimens1ons, the legs are short, the paunch straight, the skin fine and supple, while 
 
the chestis large, the 11pace between the haunches well developed, and the muscular 
 
mass so great that it alone is one-third the whole weigl;!t of the animal.. 
 
It is the same with the Dishley sheep ; besides ha'9'ing vel'!y fine wool the fat con- 
 
centrated iD. the flesh is gathered in close pressed pellets, which giYes the mutton a ~t a~eeable and .highly appreciated flavor. The fle~h of well-fed IIJl.imals in 
 
good condition when butchered contains one-fourth more nutriment than the same 
 
sized piece from a poor animal or ~ne .that has been illfed. Wltat an argument ill 
 
favor of a plentiflll and well-proportioned feed. 
 
 36 
 
DEP.!RTMENT O:E; A GRICULT"CRE-GEORGIA. 
 
[120] 
 
CO:'i!PARISO!\' OF F1l.T ,llEAT WITH POO R llEAT. 
 
~Iuscular 
substance. Fat. 
 
The flesh of a fat ox contains ..... .... .. ............. 356 
 
239 
 
The flesh of a poor ox contains.................... 308 
 
81 
 
Ash. 'rater. 
 
15 
 
390 
 
14 
 
597 
 
Difference in favor of fat beef........ ........... .... -18 
 
158 
 
1 
 
207 
 
POOR BEEF. 
 
Xeck. 
 
il fir t Rib. roasts. 
 
Water ... ................................ 77.5 77.4 76.5 Fat ............ :...... .......... .......... 0.9 1.1 1.3. .Ash ................................... :... 1.2 1.2 1.2 ~Iuscular substance ............... 20.4 20.3 21.0 
 
FAT BEEF. 
3 first Neck. Rib. roasts. 
73.5 63.4 50.5 5.8 16.7 3-.0 1.2 1.1 1.0 . 19.5 18.8 14:5 
 
Dry matter ....................... ... 22.6 22.6 23.5 
 
26.5 36.6 49.5 
 
No one admires, more than I, the wonderful and imperishable creatimls of art, 
 
but is it not also a grand art which moulds forms of life, which carves, not dead 
 
inert matte.r, '1\"iihont reaction or resistance; but animated mmble, which shapes 
 
life and models with bl~;~od, nerves, movement and will? 
 
 
 
When Bakewell lived, it "as thought paren l ~ge was more important than feed, 
 
but Lbis is now a recognized error, and of the two means, the food is on the whole 
 
the most efficacious and gets the bt>st results from stock raising. Descartes has truly 
 
said: "Xutrition of itself is a breed." ' 
 
The first improvement in a species is the result of diet. The influence of parent- 
 
age added to that of the feed is in reality but one degree more of perfection in food, 
 
because the qualities transmitted by the parent to his descendants increases by 
 
heredity; t)le influence of tre_atment adds to the good effects of the present nutri- 
 
tion. 
 
Who does not know that the sexual form with bees depends upon the food they 
 
receive and that it is to the superior food that the queens owe the development 
 
of their sex? .As an example of this, al~o, we mention the tadpoles which William 
 
Edwards prevented turning to frogs by keeping them from light and forcing them to 
 
breathe under water. 
 
 
 
What food for thought we find if we study the training which makes par of the 
 
edncation of a horse, and pass from this animal to man himself in the varieq aitua- 
 
tions of cl_imate, customs, fortunes and professions. 
 
 
 
"What is th e disease among children, called rickets, but the consequences of a food 
 
either too poor or too rich in nitrogenous matter to the exclusion of the carbo 
 
hydrates? 
 
How can we overlook the extraordinary effects of diet among pugilists, which, 
 
by freeing their limbs and muscles from fats, gives them a firmness, suppleness 
 
and power of expansion and contraction that makes them insensible to blows? 
 
All these effects come under the same law and are due to the same cause, the 
 
diet, this great modifier of constitutions, individuals and even species. 
 
We now return to the 011,e,point iii view, viz.: stock-raising. This may be -carried 
 
on under two very ditferent conditions. 
 
1. As incleJlendent of farming operations. This is generally the case near large 
 
cities where the principles of good feeding we have laid clown are sufficient. 
 
2. On the contrary, and this is generally the case where stock enter into and 
 
 ll21] 
 
CROP RE P,RT-18~-! . 
 
37 
 
. form a part of the farming operations-there is one need which dominates all 
 
others and that is to fer tilize abundantly both meadows and al~ forage crop . 
 
Where we find the cultivated land is only profitable when heavily manured, why 
 
no t give the meadows the same chance wirh th e cereals? 
 
 
 
Suppose you have a meao:low which gives hardly 3,900 pounds of hay par acre. 
 
If at the cost of $8.00 or $9.00 worth oi f~rtilizera you cou ld get 7,800 pounds per 
 
acre, would you hesitate? Wou1d not this be a neces3ary condition to success and 
 
a certain means of profit? 
 
.Am I not right then in saying stock-raising owes its greatest success to the doc 
 
trine of chemical fertilizers and that barnyard manure will not be priced by it 
 
lt-ue value until chemical fer tilizers are applied to the meadow also. This is ruy 
 
reply to those .who accuse me of condemning the ..se of barnyard manure. 
 
It bas been well said we cannot .change the nalure of thing3. Tha facts are here, 
 
imperious, inflexible and unalterable. 
 
When w.e attempt to draw both crops and manure from .our cultivated fields all 
 
the harvests ml!St be small, and there is no profit, and when the crops are poor the 
 
ill-fed animals are a source of unavoidable loss. How can it be otherwise? 
 
With the me of chemical ferlilizers all this ii changed. When fanatically deify- 
 
ing a formula which enlightened practice condemns, yon say meadow, cattle, 
 
cereals, you voluntarily make yomselves helpless, y ou throw away liberty and 
 
freedom of a9tion; cattle, all stock, are then a hindrance because th ey are not well 
 
fed and the soil is not properly mannred. 
 
If, on the contrary, you follow the rules which I ceaselessly advise, viz.: buy 
 
f!lrtilizers, the price of forage will diminih, the cost of producing cereals will be 
 
less, your crops will be bountiful, the animals will be better fed , the manure will 
 
be better in quality and its pr ice be fixed by its real value. 
 
The rise in the price of meat in the last thirty years and the increased demand 
 
for it favors its production. 
 
We live at least three times as fast as our fathers and to sustain this relatively feverish life -we require a better diet. To appreciate how pressing is o~r need I 
 
have only to tell you the price of meat rose from 1847 to 1862, 25 to 45 per cent., and 
 
from 1847 to 1873, 40 to 70 per cent. 
 
Is not tbis a pToof that the production is insufficient? Now with our old meth- 
 
ods bow can we increase product~on if the production of forage does not increase 
 
in proportion? We can but expect an 'increase of the evil. How is the wurkman 
 
to be fed if in the ten years to come this continues? 
 
Do~not misunderstand me. I take back nothin~J: previol;lsly said, but on the 
 
contrary repeat the sa.m~ question and give the same answer. 
 
Are stock a nect-ssity in farming? N o. They aTe to be used as a convenience 
 
and their keeping entirely regulated by the profit they give. Nothing more nor 
 
less. 
 
 
 
Before we separate, gentlemen, let me say a few more words. 1 trust that this 
 
lectu re, to which I attach particular imp01:tance, has proved to yon that farming 
 
with barnyard manure, by the old methods, is not only unprofitable and uncertain 
 
but exhaust! the "soil. 
 
. 
 
I have said it exhausts the soil. The exhaustion is slow but real and continued, 
 
and after a century or two the proofs are positive. Sad and undoubt.ed h-planation 
 
of the present desolation of regions that were once .flourishing. 
 
T his is too grave an assertion to leave the proof to exceptional circumstances. I 
 
do not, therefore, speak of small farms where no manure is used and the ill effects 
 
 38 
 
DEPART}IENT OF AGRICULTURE-GEORGIA. 
 
[1 22] 
 
J 
 
at once appment, but from Prof. Wolf, who has devoted much time and car eful study to the best methods of making and applying barnyard manure. 
The farm in question is situated on the other side of the Rhine-consists of 263 acres, 105 of which are given up to crops for sale, 90 to permanent meadows and 3() to forage plante. If I prove to you that on such a farm the soil is growing poorer will you belieye my proof decisive? 
According to Prof. Wolf the soil loses every year. 
 
LOSSES FROM CROPS SOLD. 
 
Vegetable A11imnl 
 
Producs. Products. Totl Loss. 
 
Ibs. 
 
Ibs. 
 
Ibs. 
 
Nitrogen ................ .... .................................... .. 2,281 
 
704 
 
2,985 
 
Acid Phosphate.... ....... .... ................... ............ .. 1,003 
 
264 
 
1,267 
 
Potash ........................... :.......... :................ ..... 658 
 
158 
 
816 
 
Lime ............ ...........,................ ....... ....................... 145 
 
242 
 
3 ~7 
 
This ,livided among the 173 acres under cultivation shows an annual loss per 
 
acre of 
 
17 poun ds Nitrogen, 
 
7 pounds ...cid Phosphate, 
 
5 pounds Potash,' 
 
3 pounds Lime. 
 
What is there to counterbalance these losses? Ninety acres in irrigated meadow which do not giye more than 3,900 pounds of hay per acre, in which there are 
 
Per Acre. Ibs. 
Xitrogeo ................................................. ............... . 50 -~cid Phosphate ................................. ..... ........... .... ... 15 
 
For VO Ac es. lb. 4,500 1,350 
 
Poasb .................................................................... . 03 Lime ...................... .... .:............. . .......................... .. 51 
 
5,070 4,590 
 
This diyided amoug the 173 acres in cultivation gives annually to th~ acre 
 
' Nitrogen 
 
26 pounds, 
 
Acid Phosphate 7 pounds, 
 
Potash Lime 
 
15 pounds, 27 pounds, 
 
to neutralize the losses from crops sold. If all the nitrogen from the hay was returned to the soil tb cui tivated land would annually gain 8 pounds per acrp; but in reality this is far from the truth. The bay must first feed the stock-now one-third o( the nitr<Jgen is lost in the act of digestion, and this is not the only loss, the two-thirds which pass through the animals loses one-third by decomposition in the manure pit. 
This shows that the cultivated fie!ds hardly receive 8 pounds of nitrogen per acre. 
We know if we return to the la nd one-half the nitrogen taken from it by the crops !,he soil is not impoverished. The loss being 17 pounds and t!le restHution 8 we may admit there is neither gain nor lo>s-stagnation. 
It is not the same with the acid phosphate. ThP soil loses 7 pounds per acre, the meadow returns 7 pounds, but the loss from washing rains and the amount of acid phosphate which takes the form of phosphate of iron aud aluminum (both inactive) cames a real loss which soon makt>s itself felt. 
It is true the wi l receives a larger quantity of potash and lime than it bas lost, 
 
 ::}q~?~:~;.{rtitr.;::~-: 
 
:J.~~~'i . - 
 
:::~. p:~ti::;:~uo:~~d ~ndruo wruttof thonoodod 
 
ncid phMphOO 
 
,:: 
 
lime and potash inert. 
 
There is no. disputing these fact,s. With manure alone the crops diminish, O.Jld 
 
you have the explanation of the reason why the intensive system is superior. 
 
You will please to notice how careful I am to avoid exaggeration. I am not 
 
speaking of a worn o];lt soil but of unusually strong land. Now, is not the loss of 
 
acid phosphate and nitrogen a serious matter when we know they are absolutely 
 
essential to the production of cereals? 
 
Suppose 10 or 20 acres of the m!.ladow are upland and cannot' be: il-rigated but. 
 
must be manured, will not the cultivated land soon show_the need of the manure 
 
given the meadow to their prejudice? 
 
If I had wished a more striking example as an illustration of what I am proving, 
 
I would have chosen a small farm, but I have not done sb because I preferred one 
 
wh ere we may say the losses are now rather threatening than actual. I beg you to 
 
th ink this subject well over; see how this farm is well managed yet; the present is 
 
uncertain and the future big with inevitable evil. 
 
We may say, in a general way, that the lands of our old European continent are 
 
wanting in acid phosphate and nitrogen. This is the reason of the good effects of 
 
guano. Nine times in ten acid phosphate and nitrogen are sufficien t to increase 
 
the yield of the cereals and the greater part of the industrial crops, but you must 
 
remember tLis is only for a short time; the necessity of potash and lime will soou 
 
be felt if beets, Irish poLatoes or artificial meadows be desired, and woo to him who 
 
shuts his eyes to the wants of his soil. 
 
If you need chemical fertilizers begin with nitrogen and acid phosphate. :'\il:ro- 
 
gt."ll in the form of sulphate of ammonia or nitrate of so:la, acid pho>phate as 
 
superphosphate, then potash as a nitrate or cbloride of potash, and lime as plaster. 
 
Before separating, gentlemen, allow me to cast a rapid glance backward o1er the 
 
path we have trod. 
 
 
 
To these who say the doctrin(of chemical fertilizers is: inimical to stock-raising, 
 
in fact, condc:gms and proscribes stock keeping, yon can say it is by chemical fer- 
 
tilizers and by them alone stock can be made profitable and barnyard manure made 
 
at the least co~t, for without an importation of fertilizers stock are a burden. 
 
You know further, that the laws which govern plants are practically the same 
 
with those governing anin1als; that plants and animals are to the same degree 
 
truly machines to which we must ~?;i1e all the food they can assimilate; that to be 
 
niggardly in this respect is false economy, we want abundant crops at the smallest 
 
expense. 
 
. 
 
. 
 
How is this to be done? ltl but one way. Feed the stock bountifully, and ler- 
 
tilize the land by the rules you have learned. Now this can only be accomplished 
 
through the purcha,se of chemical fertilizers, applied both to cereals and forages, to 
 
the Cl'Ops fed to stock ns well as those grown for sale; this you know to be the fun- 
 
damental principle of the doctrine of chemical fertilizers. 
 
 1 1/f~lil]i~'~ijll]~~lill~l]~~il~~Il 
3 2108 05732 5410 
 
40 
 
DEPARHIENT OF AGRICULTURE-GEORGIA. 
 
[124] 
 
WEATHER REPORTS. 
 
' 
 
Swnmmy of Cotton R egion Observations, from 16th to 3lst of 
 
JJla.y , taken in Georgia, under clilreotion qf the Signal Service, 
 
U. 8. A. Prepared by Prof. L. H. 0/La'Pbonnier, Di1ector 
 
Btr1te Smvoe : 
 
STATIONS. 
 
Mean of Temperature. 
 
Rainfall. 
.. 
>- 
A 
 
-  - - - - - -z6 
 
Albany . ...... ... .. .. . ... ..... . ... . .............. ..... .. Alla paha.............. . ....... .. ..... ... .... . .. . ........ . .. . 
 
 8g 8 ~-5, 78. J o. os 
88.6 61.33 73-96 I SO I 
 
Athens. ...... ...... ... .... . . ............ ... .. . ............ .. Atlanta . .. . ..... ..... .. ...... ................ ... .. ..... . 
 
82 ;8 79 8' 
 
00 .0\) 6a .6 
 
71 -33 o.S:a 9 
71.21 o.g s 
 
Augusta .... ... .......... .... . .. ...............  ..... .. .. Bainbridge ............ . . .............. .... . ... ........... .. 
 
8].23 88 . 53 
 
77  00 
6I . 13 
 
!o.ll 2.15 1 74 83 o..:as 
 
Camak .. ...... . ..... . Cartersville ..... Columbus ..... . Dalton ....... . ........ . ... ...... ..... ....... . ...... . 
 
Sg 781 86 .12 ' 86.78 8  93 
 
6I 35 
58 o6 
6s. 1 
5768 ' 
 
1S S6 1 09 75 99 70 JO 
 
2 . 201 6 o. 9s 4 
I 
0.001 0 o .6g 3 
 
Eastman . .. . .. .... ....... ........ ........ : . ........ .. .... .. g6 00 671i9 8I 84 o s I 
 
Gaines\"Jlle ... . 
 
8o .s6 ~ 8I 73.68 0-S4 
 
Griffin ......... ... ................ . . .. ... . ...... . .... ... . .. .. Jesup, 
 
8j.7l 8g.3o 
 
6>.63 6I 53 
 
73 17 75  4 
 
 0 . 21 
2.23 2 
 
Macon Millen......... .... .. ... ....... ..... ................... .. Ne,,rnan .. .. ................. . ~      -Quitman , ....... . ..... .... ................................... ~a,~annah .. . .. .. ... ...... . .... .. ........... . .... .... . . . .. .. . ~:mth\'ille .. .. ... .. . ...................................... .. T homasville .......................... ...... ...... . .. . ..... .. 
. ~ O CC Cia .  , , ,, , , , ...... , ,, .. .  ..  .. . , . . , . , , . 
 
88. o8 89. 00 
8.).20 
89 75 8+43 go .oo 9343 8s.6 
 
6J.2'1 6t.8t 6t.33 6s.o6 63 so 63 00 67. 37 56.x9 
 
75 74 o.g6 5 1541 I 26 5 
 
73  6 0.71 2 
 
77 -40 76 -46 76. ;v 8o . 40 
 
43 0 .62 2 
 0.74 
0.2,5 2 
 
68 40 0.42 
 
linion Point. \l'ashingtor. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ... ...... .... . ....... . 
 
8354 8g 60 
 
6o.07 61 .86 
 
71.80  4S 1S43 0 79 
 
Warcro7' .......................... . . ...... ... ......... .... .. 92.14 64 57 78 35 0.00 0 
 
\Vaynesboro . . . . . . . . . . . .. ~ . ........... 0 0    0.      
 
7S "" 1.42 
 
I 
 
West Pbint. .... ... . ... ... .... .... . .. .. . . ... ... .. . .. . . .. . .. _86.go ~:.:_:. ~~ o.n 2.._ 
 
Sums . ..................................................  ,:;~~~1,707.78 o,oJI :4 a;. xo.:..:.:..: 
 
Means...... ... 
 
.... . .. .. .. . .. .. .... .... ... .... 87 .10 63 .5 75.23l o . gog .... 
 
NOTE.- The conceotration of these reports at A thens having beguu onJ.y on the 16th of :May , the above summary is for the last part of the month, 16th to 31st . Hereafter tbe report wili contain the whole monthly period.