Volume IX, No. 4 March 2011
Jeanne Cyriaque, African American Programs Coordinator
Historic Preservation Division
continued on page 2
CONNECTING TO LAND AND COMMUNITY:
TWO AFRICAN AMERICAN CENTENNIAL FAMILY FARMS
The Charleston-Allen Farm in Morgan County and the Garfield
Hall Farm in Bulloch County are African American farms
that received Georgia Centennial Family Farm Awards at the
Georgia National Fair in October 2010. Since 1992, the Historic
Preservation Division (HPD), the Georgia Farm Bureau Federation,
the Georgia Dept. of Agriculture, the Georgia National Fair and the
Georgia Forestry Commission recognize farms that remain owned
by a single family for 100 years or more, achieve centennial status,
or are listed in the National Register of Historic Places. Nine African
American farms, including these 2010 awardees, have received
Centennial Family Farm Awards since the program’s inception. Two
of these African American family farms, the Carranza Morgan
Farm in Sumter County and
the Zack Hubert Farm in
Hancock County, are also
listed in the National
Register of Historic Places.
The CharlestonAllen Farm in Morgan
County began in 1890 when
Anna Charleston, who was
born enslaved just 30 years
prior, was deeded nearly 300
acres of land for her oldest
daughter Alameda, whose
father was one of the
wealthiest white landowners
in Morgan County. He gave
Anna a copy of his will to
keep in her home so no one else could claim it during the turbulent
years of Reconstruction. Alameda lost some of the acreage over
the years, but her mother held on to 172 acres that she left to her
children. Though she had no formal schooling, Anna Charleston
was determined to provide an education for her children. She sent
one of her children to a private school in Social Circle, and her other
children and her brothers helped her on the farm. Anna also donated
lumber for the Plainview Baptist Church, one of the oldest African
American churches in Morgan County.
The family raised cotton, corn, cattle and pigs. Today, the
family land totaling 200 acres is bisected by Interstate 20, but 100
acres are committed to tree production. The tree farm produces
both planted pine and natural
hardwood trees. Odessa
Allen Hall and Wanda Huff
are the family descendants
who received the award.
Anna Charleston was the
grandmother of Odessa Hall
and the great grandmother of
Wanda Huff. The other
owners are the heirs of the Cora
Charleston Pettigrew estate.
Odessa Hall, who is
now over 90 years old, is the
eldest living descendant of
Anna Charleston. Her
deceased husband, Leo Hall,
taught agriculture at the Pine and natural hardwood trees are abundant on the Charleston-Allen Farm in
Morgan County. Photo by Charlie Miller
2
Jeanne Cyriaque, continued from page 1
CONNECTING TO LAND AND COMMUNITY:
TWO AFRICAN AMERICAN CENTENNIAL FAMILY FARMS
Willow Hill Elementary School in Bulloch County. Odessa, who
received a master’s degree from Columbia University in the 1950s,
was also a teacher. She taught at Pearl Middle School in Madison.
This school would later become the Morgan Middle School during
the Equalization School era in the 1950s. Mrs. Hall also taught at
the William James School in Bulloch County. Her father-in-law was
Garfield Hall, the second Georgia Centennial Family Farm Award
recipient in Bulloch County.
The Hall family was connected to their land through
enslavement and sharecropping until 1904, when R.D. Saturday
purchased 150 acres of land that is located near U.S. Hwy. 80 in
Portal, Bulloch County. Saturday was the grand uncle of Garfield
Hall. He purchased the farm from Saturday in 1928 for $3,980. Today,
two of Garfield Hall’s granddaughters, Sandra Hall Cummings and
Gwendolyn Jones West, own 114.9 acres, and other cousins own
the rest of the family acreage that totals nearly 160 acres.
The Garfield Hall Farm produced cotton, corn, tobacco
and peanuts. Their livestock consisted of chickens, turkeys, hogs
and rabbits. Today, the Hall Farm has 40 acres in tree production,
while retaining 115 acres. Sandra Hall Cummings remembers the
time when the farm operated a Gulf Oil station and had a small
community store. Though this structure no longer exists, the farm
boasts of the best fishing pond in the Portal community.
The Hall family members were teachers and students at
the Willow Hill Elementary School in Portal, and their family land is
located near the school property. The Willow Hill School in Portal
began as a private school in 1874. It remained a private school
supported by the local community until 1920, when it was sold to
the Bulloch County Board of Education for a mere eighteen dollars.
Garfield Hall was one of the members of the Board of Trustees at
Willow Hill. It served the African American community in Bulloch
County for 125 years until it closed in 1999. One of the first buildings
at Willow Hill was a Rosenwald School. It was built almost entirely
by the surrounding community, including the Halls, with a modest
contribution of $250 from the Rosenwald Fund.
Alumni formed a nonprofit and purchased the Willow Hill
Elementary School for adaptive reuse as the Willow Hill
Heritage and Renaissance Center. Photo by Jeanne Cyriaque
The current Willow Hill Elementary School was built in
1954 and is significant because state funds were used to construct
this separate, yet equal school. Gwendolyn Jones West’s mother
and Sandra Hall Cumming’s parents taught at Willow Hill. Both ladies
and their cousin Alfonzo Hall participated in a class reunion in 2007
that drew over 300 persons.
Do you know about
a 100-year-old farm in your
community that is deserving
of centennial recognition?
Applications for the 2011
Centennial Farm Awards are
currently available on the HPD
website and are due by May
1st, 2011. Photos of each of
the 2010 farms are available on
our Flickr page. For further
information, contact Steven
Moffson, who is chair of the
Georgia Centennial Farm Committee. He can be reached at 404-
651-5906 or by email at steven.moffson@dnr.state.ga.us.
One of the landscape features on the Garfield Hall
Farm is a fishing pond that the family uses for
recreation and reunions. Photo by Charlie Miller
Cousins Gwendolyn Jones West,
Alfonzo Hall and Sandra Hall
Cummings gather at the Hall family
farm. Photo by Charlie Miller
Jeanne Cyriaque, Sandra Hall Cummings, her
mother, Odessa Hall and Joy Melton hear stories
about the Interstate 20 ramps and how that project
bisected their farm. Photo by Charlie Miller
3
OCHLOCKNEE MISSIONARY BAPTIST CHURCH:
ONE COMMUNAL SPACE AMONG MANY IN RURAL GRADY COUNTY
Joy Melton, African American Programs Assistant
Historic Preservation Division
Ochlocknee Missionary Baptist Church is located in rural Grady
County, 12 miles southwest of Thomasville, Georgia. Richard
L. Hadley is a deacon of Ochlocknee Missionary Baptist Church.
He plays hymnals during services on the 2nd and 4th Sundays. Hadley
compiled a narrative of the church history in preparation for a
National Register Nomination. The church and cemetery were listed
in the National Register of Historic Places on November 17, 2010.
Ochlocknee Missionary Baptist Church is an example of a rural church
built by African Americans in Grady County during the early 20th century.
 Photo by James R. Lockhart
Slaves founded Ochlocknee M.B.C. in 1848 on the outskirts
of Pebble Hill Plantation. The congregation moved to its present
location at 521 U.S. Highway
319 South in 1918 after a fire
destroyed the previous church.
Lula Reid Hadley, who sold the
property to the church, was
born in 1874. Lula married
Richard Hadley, Sr. when she
was only 15 years old with a
second grade education. Mrs.
Hadley had seven children and
possessed many musical
talents including playing the
violin, piano, accordion, and
harmonica. Lula Reid Hadley,
who passed away in 1969, is
buried in the church cemetery.
The church and
cemetery rest on a 1.9-acre lot
accessed by a driveway off of
Highway 319. The church, built
in 1918, is a rectangular, wood
frame building with a front
gable roof and steeple and vestibule added in 1947. Elements of the
Colonial Revival style are present in the form. Building materials
“Mother Lula” was considered the
first mother of the church. She sold
the property to the Ochlocknee
congregation. Photo courtesy of
Richard Hadley
consist of a standing seam metal roof, original weatherboard siding,
and wood cornices. Interior spaces include a pastor’s study, choir
area, sanctuary, utility room, pulpit, and classroom. The concrete
block 1970s building houses the kitchen and fellowship hall. The
church and fellowship hall are connected by a covered breezeway.
Located in the rear of the church is a concrete baptismal pool. The
cemetery, begun in the 1930s is located adjacent to the church and
contains graves of several members of the Hadley family including
WWI and WWII veterans. Joyce Hadley donated an acre of land
that connects Ochlocknee Church and the cemetery.
Ochlocknee M.B.C. has a shared heritage with other nearby
churches and plantations. Most of the Ochlocknee church members
resided within a one-to-two mile radius of the church and lived
close to Sinkola, Melrose or Pebble Hill Plantations. Mrs. Pansy
Ireland Poe inherited Pebble Hill Plantation in 1936 and donated the
materials and $400 to build a steeple for Ochlocknee M.B.C. in 1947.
Forrest Monroe, an African American building contractor, erected
the steeple and vestibule in front of the main sanctuary.
Several churches including Mercy Seat Christian Church
built in 1919, Piney Grove Missionary Baptist Church organized in
1885 on Pebble Hill Plantation, and Trinity C.M.E. Church organized
in 1883, maintained a cooperative fellowship. Ochlocknee, Mercy
Seat and Piney Grove held baptisms at the nearby Ochlocknee
Pond. Furthermore, many of the children of these churches and
plantations attended Ochlocknee School, one of two schools for
children grades one through seven at Pebble Hill. Richard’s brother
Jack Hadley co-authored African American Life on the Southern
Hunting Plantation.
Richard and his wife, Patricia, began the project in 2008 by
collecting very old church records from its archives. Technical
assistance was provided by the Jack Hadley Black History Museum
and Perida Mitchell, an Ochlocknee church member whose expertise
as staff at the Thomas County Public Library aided the project.
The church cemetery is the final resting place for several members
of the congregation, including the Hadley family. The oldest burials
are from the late 19th century. Photo by James R. Lockhart
4
Joy Melton, African American Programs Assistant
Historic Preservation Division
MEDICAL ACCOMPLISHMENTS IN A TIME OF SEPARATION:
SEGREGATED HEALTHCARE FOR AFRICAN AMERICANS IN GEORGIA
I
ncreasingly, more African American healthcare professionals and
facilities began to emerge in what became known as the black
hospital movement beginning at the end of the 19th century. This
article is the second in a series about the history of healthcare for
African Americans in Georgia (See December 2010 issue of
Reflections for the first article). Blacks and whites contributed to
the black hospital movement, which aided in the improvement of
health within African American communities.
Several African American doctors were successful in
establishing their own medical practices to support African American
communities. Dr. John Henry Jordan was the first black medical
doctor in Coweta County where he opened an office in downtown
Newnan. Dr. Jordan created the Medical Aid Organization for
disease prevention and health education. As he gained more
patients, he opened a hospital next to his home. Even white families
began to seek his medical care. Today, Dr. Jordan’s two-and- onehalf story Queen Anne house and former hospital in a one-story
bungalow are located in the Pinson Street neighborhood in Newnan.
Other physicians were actively involved in their communities during
the civil rights movement including Dr. Thomas Brewer, a founding
member of the NAACP in Columbus and Dr. William G. Anderson,
president of the Albany Movement.
Dr. Frederick Douglass Funderburg is a unique example of
an African American doctor who treated both whites and blacks
during segregation. Dr. Funderburg attended undergraduate school
at Shaw University in Raleigh, North Carolina with the financial
help of Dr. Don Wilburn. After spending one year at Columbia
University Medical School in New York he transferred to Meharry
Medical School in Nashville, Tennessee. In 1922, Dr. Funderburg
graduated second in his class since he did not qualify for first place
as a transfer student. Dr. Funderburg moved to Monticello after
graduation to take over the practice of an African American doctor
there who died. The practice thrived. On January 21, 1946, Dr.
Funderburg was featured in Time magazine in an article titled
“Medicine: What Color is Death?” for his medical care of up to 60
white patients a day during an influenza or flu epidemic in 1938.
Many white members of Monticello and the neighboring counties
continued to call on Dr. Funderburg for medial assistance resulting
in a patient population of 45% white six months after the epidemic.
Funderburg Drive is a street in the Washington Park neighborhood
in Monticello that is named in his honor. Funderburg Park was
recently established in the African American community with the
help of his granddaughter Jacqueline Smith.
Besides doctors,
midwives were respected
positions in the African
American community. Born in
1884 to former enslaved
parents, Katie Hall Underwood
was the last of many midwives
on Sapelo Island to deliver
African American residents of
Gullah/Geechee descent. The
Gullah/Geechee people are
descendents of slaves who
lived in U.S. coastal regions
and barrier islands who can
trace their ancestry to West
Africa. Underwood carried a
black bag with her containing
medicines, natural remedies
and a little book in which she
recorded the names of all
babies she delivered. Family
members recall one day when
Katie traveled seven miles from the north end of Sapelo Island
where she delivered a baby in the morning to the south end to
deliver a baby that evening. Katie’s image was featured in National
Geographic in 1971. Underwood died in 1977.
Dr. Funderburg’s office is a contributing resource in the Monticello
Historic District. Photo by Jeanne Cyriaque
The Funderburg residence is located in the Washington Park African
American neighborhood in Monticello. Photo by Jeanne Cyriaque
Katie Hall Underwood was a midwife
on Sapelo Island from the 1920s to
1968. In 2007, the ferry that
transports visitors to Sapelo Island
was named in her honor.
5
continued on page 6
A number of hospitals throughout Georgia were funded
by municipalities, charitable donations or were operated by schools.
These hospitals had a significant impact on providing care for
African Americans. Lamar Hospital in Augusta (Richmond County)
was erected in 1894-95 for the care of African Americans with funds
from the 1872 estate of Gazeway B. Lamar, a white businessman.
The 75-bed capacity hospital was located on Gwinnett Street
(presently Laney-Walker Boulevard). The Atlanta Constitution
described it as a “well equipped, two-and-a-half story frame
building.” The building burned in 1911, but no one was injured.
Once the four-story Lamar Wing of University Hospital was built in
1915, African American patients were transferred to that facility.
Lucy Craft Laney, an African American educator and
philanthropist, and Amelia Sullivan helped to found the three-year
program of the Lamar School of Nursing to train black female nurses
in 1906. By 1939, students were housed in the Stoney Nurses
Home, which was named for Dr. George N. Stoney, a prominent
local black physician who was the only African American doctor
allowed to practice at University Hospital when it opened in 1914.
The Lamar School of Nursing closed in 1956, though black nurses
continued training at University Hospital. The Lamar School and
the Barrett School of Nursing for whites remained separate until
1965, when they merged as the University Hospital School of
Nursing. On October 4, 2001, the Georgia Historical Society
dedicated a marker at the Stoney Nurses Home of the Lamar School
of Nursing.
Americus gained the Phoebe Putney Memorial Hospital in
1911 with help from influential white citizens. African Americans
such as Henry McNeal Turner, A.M.E. bishop in Georgia, offered a
lecture in support of the building fund. Efforts to build the hospital
began as early as 1904. Judge Francis F. Putney, who contributed
heavily to the building fund, requested that the hospital be named
after his mother. The Phoebe Putney Hospital was unique since
Judge Putney also requested that the hospital serve both whites
and blacks. Both races were housed in a red brick building with a
tile roof, columned porches, 25 beds and an operating room.
The Stoney Nurses Home in Augusta is a brick, three-story, Neo-Classical
Revival building with a four-columned portico. The Medical College of
Georgia School of Nursing currently occupies the building.
 Photo by Joy Melton
The Americus Colored Hospital was erected in 1923 with
funds from Dr. W.S. Prather. Doctors and medical professionals of
all races could practice at this hospital. The hospital closed in 1953
when the Sumter Regional Hospital was built under the Hill-Burton
Act. This legislation was also known as the Hospital Survey and
Construction Act that was a U.S. federal law that passed in 1946.
The act provided federal grants and loans to improve the physical
plants of hospitals throughout the United States. Facilities that
received funding were not allowed to discriminate based upon race,
color, national origin or creed, but could provide separate facilities
in the same vicinity until 1963 when the U.S. Supreme Court ruled
against segregation.
The Americus Colored Hospital was one of the few healthcare facilities in
Georgia where African American doctors, nurses and pharmacists could
practice in the early 20th century. A Georgia Historical Society marker
was dedicated on the hospital grounds on January 24, 2009.
 Photo by Joy Melton
In 1918, Dr. Harvey
Van Buren opened the Van
Buren Sanitarium in Statesboro.
Reverend Dr. C.T. Walker,
pastor of Tabernacle Baptist
Church in Augusta for over
40 years, delivered the
dedication address on
December 22, 1918. The $6,500
facility was a twelve-room,
well-lit and ventilated, arts and
crafts style structure designed
by African American architect
Wallace A. Rayfield. Rayfield
received his early education
from the famous African
American educator Lucy Craft
Laney in Macon. Rayfield
later received a certificate from
Pratt Polytechnic Institute, a
Bachelor of Architecture degree
from Columbia University, and taught mechanical and architectural
drawing at Tuskegee Normal and Industrial Institute (presently
Tuskegee University).
Dr. Harvey Van Buren
Source: History of the American
Negro, Georgia Edition, Vol. II,
1920
6
Joy Melton, continued from page 5
MEDICAL ACCOMPLISHMENTS IN A TIME OF SEPARATION:
SEGREGATED HEALTHCARE FOR AFRICAN AMERICANS IN GEORGIA
Architectural features of the hospital included bracketed
deep eaves, a columned full-length porch and corbelled brick
chimneys. This sanitarium fulfilled a great need for African American
healthcare in the area. During World War I, when an influenza
epidemic plagued Statesboro, Dr. Van Buren’s sanitarium was an
important place for flu victims. Dr. Van Buren practiced medicine
and surgery until his death on July 8, 1964.
African American architect Wallace A. Rayfield designed the Van Buren
Sanitarium in Statesboro, Georgia. Dr. Van Buren provided important
medical services during the 1918 influenza pandemic.
 Photo courtesy of Harvey Van Buren, Jr.
Some remnants of the historic landscaping and gardens that once
surrounded the hospital are present on the facility grounds today.
 Photo by Jeanne Cyriaque
Charity Hospital was opened in Savannah on April 15,
1931. Its origins date to the founding of the McKane School for
Nurses on September 4, 1893. Drs. Cornelius and Alice Woodby
McKane, West Indian physicians, operated the school in their home
at Liberty and Montgomery Streets until 1896. That same year the
McKane’s moved to another remodeled five-room wooden residence
on Florence and 36th streets to establish the McKane Hospital for
Women and Children. On February 12, 1901 the name was changed
to Charity Hospital and Training School for Nurses to address the
growing need for treatment of African Americans of both sexes.
The 1931 Colonial Revival style brick building was erected
with community-fundraising and private donations from the Ida
Rosenwald Fund (an organization for promoting black physicians),
Mrs. Henry W. Hodge and other white and black citizens. The
south façade has a portico with a porch on each floor, with wood
and concrete serving as decorative elements, and the central portion
has a three-story pavilion. Charity Hospital was a public facility
housing 43 beds with an 80-bed capacity. It contained numerous
clinics including the Colored Women’s Federation Clinics and was
staffed by black and white physicians. The Journal of the Medical
Association of Georgia described Charity Hospital as “a splendid
example of interracial amity and cooperation.” The hospital closed
in 1964 and the building was used as a private nursing home from
1967 to 1976. In 2007, the building was rehabilitated for housing.
During segregation, African American healthcare
professionals played an important role in their communities to
improve the livelihood of people. Hospitals serving African
Americans were an important community resource. Doctors, nurses
and midwives were social leaders who often tirelessly served others
and united people to slowly crumble walls of segregation.
Charity Hospital is located in the Cuyler-Brownville Historic District in
Savannah. The building was listed in the National Register of Historic
Places as an individual property in 1985. A Georgia Historical Society
marker was dedicated at the site in 2003 to recognize its association with
the McKane School for Nurses. Photo by Terry Hayes
7
THAT’S JUST THE WAY IT WAS:
CONVERSATIONS WITH AFRICAN AMERICAN WOMEN IN HEALTH
Joy Melton, African American Programs Assistant
Historic Preservation Division
As a graduate student in the Heritage Preservation Program at
Georgia State University, I interviewed three Georgia women
in the healthcare field. Dr. Clifford Kuhn’s oral history class allowed
me to gain fresh insights into how preservationists can pursue the
connection of people and places. Lucia Moore Bacote, Christine
Miller-Betts and Sandra Cummings each shared compelling stories
of their growth during segregation.
Lucia Moore Bacote is 104 years old. She began her
education at Spelman College in Atlanta, then moved to the Lamar
School of Nursing in Augusta. Mrs. Bacote remembers residing on
the fourth floor of the University Hospital Lamar Wing when she
was a student nurse. Her work
ethic was so good that her coworkers recommended she
become a doctor. Instead, she
worked at the Metropolitan
Insurance Company in Atlanta
with expectant mothers. Like all
black nurses, she experienced
social inequities in the
workplace. African American
workers were required to use
the bathroom in the basement.
She was called “Nurse Bacote”
rather than “Mrs. Bacote” as
whites were called. Surprisingly,
when she confronted the head
nurse about these conditions,
the head nurse announced the
next day, “all women will be
called Mrs. or Ms. and would
use the same bathroom.” Mrs.
Bacote proudly shared “I
did that”.
Christine Miller-Betts, Director of the Lucy Craft Laney
Museum of Black History in Augusta, smiled as she reflected on
her story. When growing up in North Carolina her father repeatedly
responded, “That’s just the way it is” when she questioned
segregation practices. Her school experience in the Grady Memorial
Hospital Municipal Training School for Colored Nurses correlates
with the student movement during the Civil Rights era that
challenged prevailing societal behavior. While white students
entered the hospital through the front door, African American
students entered from the side door in the basement. As class
president, she united her classmates in quiet protest to enter through
the front door. When her supervisor confronted her, an interesting
resolution resulted. Both the black and white students were made
to enter through the basement door. Similar to Civil Rights battles,
every protest was not a success, but each challenge aided in
changing societal behavior today.
The 104-year-old Lucia Moore
Bacote decided to enter the field of
nursing during the 1918 flu pandemic.
Mrs. Bacote did not get sick when she
took care of flu victims.
 Photo by Jeanne Cyriaque
As a social worker,
Sandra Hall Cummings worked
at Grady Hospital after
integration when the wounds
of racial conflict were still
healing. Her patients were
amazed when she reminisced
on what was once common
practice in the architecture of
segregation. When Mrs.
Cummings began work, the
hospital “finally air-conditioned
the c-d side,” which was the
former hospital wing for black
patients. The enduring effects
of segregation practices were
still evident as almost a decade
passed until the majority of
African American staff
shifted from congregating
in what was once the black
section of the cafeteria.
Interestingly, Mrs. Cummings
was the only social worker employed in maternal and infant care
social service at Grady in 1970. This was a government funded
project designed to treat women with high risk pregnancies.
Sometimes Mrs. Cummings’ expert opinion was overlooked and
diminished among her co-workers. She remained silent for a while,
but then she reflected, “It took my initiative and my demanding my
place.” It was then that her co-workers listened and respected her
for it. Mrs. Cummings enjoys every opportunity she has to share
with youth and encourages them to pursue their goals in light of
the new societal freedoms we now experience.
Sandra Hall Cummings’ social work
experience has blazed paths for future
generations. She was instrumental in
nominating two African American
family farms for the Georgia
Centennial Farm Awards.
 Photo by Charlie Miller
Christine Miller-Betts initiated an act of courage for social change
during her tenure in the Grady Memorial Hospital Municipal
Training School for Colored Nurses. Today, she is the director of
the Lucy Craft Laney Museum of Black History in Augusta.
 Photo by Joy Melton
The Georgia African American Historic Preservation Network (GAAHPN)
was established in January 1989. It is composed of representatives from
neighborhood organizations and preservation groups. GAAHPN was formed
in response to a growing interest in preserving the cultural and built diversity of Georgia’s
African American heritage. This interest has translated into a number of efforts which
emphasize greater recognition of African American culture and contributions to Georgia’s
history. The GAAHPN Steering Committee plans and implements ways to develop
programs that will foster heritage education, neighborhood revitalization, and support
community and economic development.
The Network is an informal group of over 3,000 people who have an interest in
preservation. Members are briefed on the status of current and planned projects and are
encouraged to offer ideas, comments and suggestions. The meetings provide an
opportunity to share and learn from the preservation experience of others and to receive
technical information through workshops. Members receive a newsletter, Reflections,
produced by the Network. Visit the Historic Preservation Division website at
www.gashpo.org. Preservation information and previous issues of Reflections are
available online. Membership in the Network is free and open to all.
ABOUT GAAHPN
This publication has been financed in part with federal
funds from the National Park Service, Department of the
Interior, through the Historic Preservation Division,
Georgia Department of Natural Resources. The contents
and opinions do not necessarily reflect the views or
policies of the Department of the Interior, nor does the
mention of trade names, commercial products or
consultants constitute endorsement or recommendation
by the Department of the Interior or the Georgia
Department of Natural Resources. The Department
of the Interior prohibits discrimination on the basis
of race, color, national origin, or disability in its
federally assisted programs. If you believe you have
been discriminated against in any program, activity, or
facility, or if you desire more information, write to: Office
for Equal Opportunity, National Park Service, 1849 C
Street, NW, Washington, D.C. 20240.
Published quarterly by the
Historic Preservation Division
Georgia Department of Natural Resources
Dr. David Crass, Division Director
Jeanne Cyriaque, Editor
Lillian Davis
Dr. Gerald C. & Barbara Golden
Terry & Cynthia Hayes
Richard Laub
Christine Miller-Betts
Kenneth Rollins
Isaac Johnson, Chair
706/738-1901
Velmon Allen, Vice-Chair
GAAHPN Network
912/261-1898
STEERING COMMITTEE
Isaac Johnson
Chairman
Jeanne Cyriaque
African American
Programs Coordinator
Reflections Editor
Voice 404/656-4768
Fax 404/657-1040
jeanne.cyriaque@dnr.state.ga.us
STAFF
Joy Melton
African American
Programs Assistant
Voice 404/657-1054
Fax 404/657-1040
joy.melton@dnr.state.ga.us
8