Volume VIII, No. 2 November 2008
A Program of the Historic Preservation Division, Georgia Department of Natural Resources
REMEMBERING THE ALBANY MOVEMENT
Jeanne Cyriaque, African American Programs Coordinator
Historic Preservation Division
continued on page 2
When the southwest region of Georgia was opened to
white settlement after the Creek Indian treaty, Nelson
Tift, a land speculator and merchant, founded Albany in
1836. Tift envisioned this city on the banks of the Flint River as a
major commercial market for cotton. Soon cotton planters and their
enslaved African Americans populated the town and surrounding
countryside. When Dougherty County was formed in 1853, Albany
became the county seat.
 By the end of the Civil War, the vast majority of Albany’s
residents were freedmen and cotton planters. In 1867-68, more than
2,400 African American men were registered to vote in Albany and
Dougherty County. During Reconstruction, considerable political
gains were achieved, when men like Phillip Joiner and Benjamin
Sikes served as delegates to
the convention, and two black
legislators served from the
region during this turbulent
time. But Albany, like other
southern cities, gradually
implemented Jim Crow tactics
such as literacy tests and poll
taxes to reduce the black vote,
and intimidated African
Americans with violence. By
1915, Albany’s registered black
voters totaled twenty-eight.
In 1903, W.E.B.
DuBois published The Souls
of Black Folk. In his
discussion of the Black Belt,
he described Albany and
Dougherty County as a place
“with ten thousand Negroes
and two thousand whites.”
Once the heart of the Cotton
Kingdom until 1898, as DuBois pointed out, Albany and Dougherty
County became a region dominated by sharecropping. When cotton
prices fell, vast plantations were sub-divided to small, one-family
farms where African Americans worked their “shares” under the
supervision of white overseers while the farms were under the
control of absentee landlords.
Albany’s population continued to have a black majority
until World War II. During this period until the 1960s, the
groundwork for implementing a fight against segregation lied with
the local chapter of the National Association for the Advancement
of Colored People (NAACP). The Albany NAACP chapter was
founded by C.W. King, a World War I veteran. The chapter
conducted voter registration drives in the 1940s and advocated for
improved city services in the
African American community.
C.B. King and Slater King were
two of C.W. King’s sons. C.B.
King was one of only three
black attorneys who practiced
in Georgia outside of Atlanta.
Slater King was a builder and
real estate broker. Tom
Chatmon was then the adult
supervisor of the NAACP
Youth Council. Another
prominent African American
men’s organization was the
Criterion Club. Its membership
was comprised of Albany’s
leading African American
businesses. The Criterion Club
and the NAACP constantly
pushed for integration of
Albany’s public facilities
through negotiation with city
Mt. Zion Baptist Church was listed in the National Register of Historic Places
on August 10, 1995. In November 1998 the church renovations were completed,
and it re-opened as the Albany Civil Rights Movement Museum at Old Mt. Zion
Church. The Freedom Singers perform at the museum on the second Saturday
of each month. Photo by Jeanne Cyriaque
2
Jeanne Cyriaque, continued from page 1
REMEMBERING THE ALBANY MOVEMENT
officials, but accomplishments
were marginal until national
events forced the formation of
the Albany Movement.
 In 1961, the Interstate
Commerce Commission (ICC)
issued a ruling based upon the
1960 U.S. Supreme Court
landmark decision in Boynton
v. Virginia that barred
segregation in bus and train
terminals. The Congress of
Racial Equality (CORE)
sponsored a series of
integrated bus rides to test the
ICC ruling with the hope that
the federal government would
intervene in the freedom
movement. John Lewis, who
would later become a U.S.
Congressman from Georgia,
was one of the interracial team
who volunteered for Freedom
Rides throughout the South.
The Freedom Rides traveled unmolested in Virginia and North
Carolina, but John Lewis and Albert Bigelow, a retired white naval
officer, were assaulted in Rock Hill, South Carolina. While no
violence occurred during stops in terminals in Augusta, Athens
and Atlanta, the Freedom Riders were attacked by violent white
mobs in Anniston, Birmingham and Montgomery, Alabama, and
the riders received no police protection resulting in serious injuries.
The Freedom Rides in Mississippi resulted in the arrests of 300
persons who were incarcerated in Parchman Penitentiary. These
events forced the ICC to deliver an edict for complete desegregation
of interstate transportation facilities by November 1, 1961.
Coinciding with these developments, the Student
Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC or “Snick”) was
planning a southwest Georgia voter registration project. The
project director was Charles Sherrod, a Virginia divinity student
who had already worked in previous SNCC projects in McComb,
Mississippi. When Sherrod and fellow SNCC members Charles
Jones and Cordell Reagon came to Albany, their goal was to organize
local leadership and register voters in 23 southwest Georgia
counties. Many of these rural counties surrounding Albany were
known for their violent reaction to any semblance of African
American protest. Lee and Terrell counties were notorious for their
white supremacist tactics that were supported by the local sheriffs.
Additionally, both counties were primarily rural, and a few white
families dominated the local economy. Sharecroppers who lived in
these counties were always fearful of losing their land due to local
economic control. Widespread poverty and illiteracy were also
obstacles to getting people registered to vote.
At the time that Charles Sherrod came to Albany, he was
already a SNCC veteran. Though he was just 23 years old, he had
attended workshops in
Nashville where he learned the
principles of non-violent, direct
action protest from James
Lawson. Upon his arrival,
students from Albany State
College (now Albany State
University) were eager to
participate in voters’ education
workshops. Soon he recruited
some of the students, including
Bernice Johnson and Rutha
Harris, to join the initiative. Local churches provided meeting space
for the workshops. When the students learned of the impending
ICC ruling, they decided to conduct a sit-in at the Albany Trailways
bus station. Student members of Tom Chatmon’s NAACP Youth
Council were refused service at the all-white lunch counter, and
Police Chief Laurie Pritchett arrested them. These students were
bailed out, but later that same day, two Albany State students,
Bertha Gober and Blanton Hall were arrested for violating the color
line in the waiting room. Gober and Hall were not released on bail
and remained incarcerated over the Thanksgiving weekend. This
action encouraged other students to join, and by the end of the
first week of protests, over 700 people were jailed.
The students’ zeal soon won the interest of Albany’s black
middle class. One community leader was Dr. William Anderson, an
osteopath. Dr. Anderson was a member of the Criterion Club and
the NAACP. Because Dr. Anderson’s medical practice depended
on the African American community, he was more receptive to the
students’ demands. As increasing numbers of students and their
parents were arrested, Dr. Anderson was asked to chair the Albany
Movement, a consortium of SNCC students, the NAACP, the Voters’
League and the people who comprised the congregations of
Albany’s black churches.
 While the SNCC organizers were successful in filling up
the local jail, they did not anticipate Chief Pritchett’s counter tactic
Hundreds of marchers conducted
protests against segregation in Albany’s
public facilities. Photo courtesy of the
Georgia Archives, Vanishing Georgia
Collection, dgh231-86
C.B. King was an African American
attorney who was one of the leaders
of the Albany Movement. The new
Albany federal courthouse is named
in his honor. Photo courtesy of Cochran
Studio/A.E. Jenkins Photography
Shiloh Baptist Church and Mt. Zion Baptist Church were the sites for mass
meetings during the Albany Movement. Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. spoke
to over 1,500 members in December, 1961. Photo by Jeanne Cyriaque
3
of contacting the police in
surrounding counties and
transporting prisoners to their
facilities. Another tactic he
used was to show no outward
signs of physical violence
against the demonstrators, so
as to avoid the perceived need
for federal intervention. The
result of this maneuvering by
Pritchett and the other county
sheriffs resulted in the
prisoners being widely
dispersed and separated
ensuring that a “fill the jails”
strategy would fail and there
was no central focal point for
press coverage of the events.
C.K. Smith Memorial
Presbyterian Church was the
site of the first mass meeting
of the Albany Movement on
November 25, 1961. Bernice Johnson and Rutha Harris were Freedom
Singers, a group that was formed by SNCC. The Freedom Singers
transposed the text of traditional black spirituals and Baptist hymns
to contemporary words that
described freedom, a basic tenet
of the movement. The song
leader would lead a phrase that
required response in song
from the audience. The songs
offered a respite for marchers
to endure long stays in local
jails and became a favorite
method to verbalize against
segregation. After their initial
performance at Mount Zion,
the Freedom Singers performed nationally for SNCC. Mount Zion
hosted a mass meeting one month later, when Dr. Martin Luther
King, Jr. spoke to over 1,500 people during his visit to Albany.
Soon local supporters realized they did not have the
capacity to raise funds for posting bond for so many people, so Dr.
Anderson called upon Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. for assistance
from the Southern Christian
Leadership Conference (SCLC).
Dr. King and Ralph Abernathy
came to Albany to speak at
mass meetings that were held
at Shiloh and Mount Zion
Baptist Churches. The next
day King led a march and was
promptly arrested. He planned
to remain incarcerated until the
city agreed to demands from
the Albany Movement for
complete desegregation.
Slater King, one of the leaders of the
Albany Movement, confronts Police
Chief Laurie Pritchett during the mass
demonstrations. Photo courtesy of
Cochran Studio/A.E. Jenkins Photography
Mayor Asa Kelley and city officials agreed to make concessions
and King was released, but the concessions never materialized.
When King returned in six months to serve his sentence, Pritchett
secretly arranged for his bond to avoid any national press coverage.
Historians have often characterized the Albany Movement
as a failure for Dr. King because the SCLC intervention did not
force the city to make any overtures towards desegregation in spite
of the massive arrests. Yet, King learned many lessons from the
Albany Movement that would help him in planning the Birmingham
Campaign. The Albany Movement was a sucess for SNCC
organizers, as it inspired Charles Sherrod to continue the southwest
Georgia project in surrounding counties where white supremacy
was challenged and African Americans registered to vote. The
Albany Movement also successfully engaged young people and
the Freedom Songs became a stalwart of future direct action.
Perhaps the Albany Movement’s greatest triumph was its ability to
address the generational divide to bring about change.
By the 1990s, the
community and the city came
together on a series of
initiatives that commemorate
the Albany Movement. The
Charles Sherrod Civil Rights
Park was constructed in
Albany’s Freedom District
with a memorial to the
movement’s participants.
Mount Zion Baptist
Church was listed in the
National Register of Historic
Places on August 10, 1995. In
November 1998 the church renovations were completed through
sales tax revenues that were approved by Albany voters and the
Albany Civil Rights Movement Museum at Old Mt. Zion Church
was open to the public to assist in the interpretation of the Albany
Movement. The museum is located across the street from Shiloh
Baptist Church that was the other site of mass meetings in Albany’s
Freedom District in 1961 and 1962. The Albany Civil Rights
Movement museum is a repository of oral histories from people
associated with the Albany Movement. The museum is a frequent
site for plays, poetry readings and special lectures. The Freedom
Singers, led by Rutha Harris, perform at the museum on the second
Saturday of each month.
Bernice Johnson and Slater King
participate in one of the marches.
Photo courtesy of Cochran Studio/A.E.
Jenkins Photography
Police Chief Laurie Pritchett
confronts Ralph Abernathy and Dr.
King during a prayer pilgrimage to
Albany’s City Hall. Photo courtesy of
WSB Newsfilm Collection, University
of Georgia Libraries
Some of Albany’s Freedom Singers, from left to right,
are Geneva Fields, Patricia Alford, Janice RouteBlaylock and Angie Gibson. Photo by Jeanne Cyriaque
A memorial to the Albany Movement
is the centerpiece of the park that is
located in Albany’s Freedom District.
 Photo by Jeanne Cyriaque
4
THE PITTSBURGH HISTORIC DISTRICT:
REMEMBERING AND RETELLING LOCAL HISTORY
Hermina Glass-Avery, African American Programs Assistant
Historic Preservation Division
Few urban African American communities in the country can
boast of continuous patterns of ethnic heritage, community
planning and development sustained by an intact offering of
residential, commercial, and institutional buildings as the Pittsburgh
community. An African American settlement that developed in
southwest Atlanta around 1883, the Pittsburgh Historic District is
bound on the north by Shelton and Stephens Streets, to the west
by Metropolitan Parkway (formerly Stewart Avenue), to the east by
the Southern Railroad, and to the south by University Avenue. Its
name denotes the similarities to the smoke-filled rail yards of
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
During the first decade, the increase of industry in Atlanta’s
southern rail yards required a labor force of skilled, unskilled, as
well as domestic laborers. African Americans supplied this labor as
they simultaneously created a community that included several
black-owned businesses, churches, and schools. The district
consists of a wide variety of single-story house types that date
from 1883 to 1954 including single shotgun, gabled-ell, side-gabled,
hall and parlor, Georgia cottage, to New South, bungalow, and ranch.
By the 1910’s, African Americans continued to migrate
into the area, dramatically increasing the population and by the
1930s the population was predominantly African American.
McDaniel Street emerged as the major thoroughfare with numerous
businesses sprouting up, including grocery stores, cafes, beauty
and barbershops, shoe repair, wood and coal yards, ambulance and
mortuary services and ice cream parlors. Although many of these
establishments were black-owned, several of the stores belonged
to Jewish merchants, like Ike Andrews, who lived in other areas
of Atlanta.
Ultimately the Great Depression, World War II, the
Interstate Highway System, and urban renewal would negatively
influence the future of the Pittsburgh community. By the early
Idus Parks (left) worked at the neighborhood grocery store that was owned
by a Jewish grocer, Ike Andrews (right). The store was located at McDaniel
and Delevan Streets. Photo courtesy of the Glass family
1960s, the community would witness a large-scale exodus of its
middle class and younger residents. Widespread property
abandonment led to the demolition of many homes. This decreased
the availability of a viable housing stock in the area for decades.
By 2000 the neighborhood was on the rise with new residential
developments and rehabilitation projects like the Crogman
Elementary School Apartments.
Pictured above is a Georgian cottage (right) and a variation of a
bungalow (left). Photo by James R. Lockhart
Crogman School Apartments is a community landmark named for educator
William Henry Crogman who, in 1903, became the first African American
president of Clark College, now Clark Atlanta University. It was listed in
the National Register of Historic Places on July 14, 2005.
School photo by James R. Lockhart
5
Gloria Glass Goodson, 76, was born and raised in
Pittsburgh. The third of twelve children born to Freddie and
Savannah Parks Glass, Goodson recalls her experiences. “Pittsburgh
was a nice neighborhood when I was a young girl. We were all
poor, but we didn’t know it. We lived at 1050 Smith Street with my
grandparents. Then we moved to 1019 Hubbard Street until my
parents bought a house in Mechanicsville, on Windsor Street.
The area where I lived was called the ‘green row.’ All the
houses were just alike in that block on that side of the street—
green. On the opposite side of the street the houses were all
different. And they were duplexes with only two rooms – a bedroom,
and a kitchen. We had outdoor bathrooms on the back porch. You
had to go out in the yard to gather water to use for dishwashing,
cooking, and all that. And that was right here in the city of Atlanta.
Gloria Glass Goodson stands on the porch of her family home on
Windsor Street. Photo courtesy of the Glass family
Ma-Dear was from Meriwether and daddy was from
Coweta. He got tired of working on the farm, so he moved to
Atlanta and lived with his uncle and aunt across the street from my
mother’s family who moved to Atlanta when Ma was three months
old. My grandparents, Willie and Eula Mae Martin Parks, came to
Atlanta around 1912. Their parents, Major and Georgia Ann Favors
Martin, were born in slavery. Daddy, he worked at a feed mill as a
common laborer. He worked at Ever Best Feed Mill. I don’t know if
they made flour or not, but I know my mother used to buy Capitola
flour and we used to take the coins out of the bags and go to the
movies with the tokens in the sacks of flour.
When I started school I attended Crogman Elementary
School. After I finished the sixth grade, I went to David T. Howard.
In the ninth grade I was transferred to Booker T. Washington High
School and graduated in 1951. Washington High School was the
first black high school for black students. That was the only one
there was that went to the twelfth grade around the Pittsburgh area.
Pittsburgh was very segregated. In 1946 or somewhere
along in there, they brought the bus line and changed from streetcars
to buses. The buses were segregated. Everything was segregated.
We would have to let white people get on the bus first, and then we
got on last. Then we had to sit in the back of the bus. And, the
white people had the best jobs. My dad worked at the feed mill and
he would be doing the same work that the white guy would be
doing, but they would pay the white man more money than they
paid my father. I guess they thought the white guy needed more
money than daddy did. But the loaf of bread cost the same! They
didn’t discriminate on what you bought for grocery!
The Civil Rights movement opened up jobs for us. We
could buy a house anywhere we wanted afterwards. We couldn’t
live anywhere we wanted - only in a black area. So, when integration
came it opened up a new and better way for blacks. Later on I
started selling life insurance for Afro-American Life Insurance. Then,
I went on to be a clerk at Grady Hospital when they opened up and
starting hiring blacks. When I left there, I went to the Internal
Revenue Service where I retired. I worked there for twentythree years.”
Eula Mae Martin Parks (front) migrated to Atlanta
with her family to the Pittsburgh community from Rocky
Mount in Meriwether County.
 Photo courtesy of the Glass family
Sponsored by the Pittsburgh Community Improvement
Association, the Pittsburgh Historic District was listed in the
National Register of Historic Places on June 14, 2006. Current and
former residents gather at Pittman Park to celebrate the Annual
Pittsburgh Community Reunion. For an entire weekend they gather
to play games, reminisce, barbeque, eat, attend workshops, and to
promote unity, pride, and continued growth in the community.
A church in the Pittsburgh Historic District sits between
two commercial buildings.
 Photo by James R. Lockhart
6
Jeanne Cyriaque, Commissioner
Gullah/Geechee Cultural Heritage Corridor
THE GULLAH/GEECHEE CULTURAL HERITAGE CORRIDOR:
AN EMERGING NATIONAL HERITAGE AREA
I
n 2006 Congress designated
the barrier islands and
coastal regions along the
Atlantic Ocean as the Gullah/
Geechee Cultural Heritage
Corridor. Congressman James
E. Clyburn of South Carolina
introduced the bill for the
designation in 2005. This
emerging National Heritage
Area spans a geographical area
encompassing over 12,000
square miles along the coast
through four states: North
Carolina, South Carolina,
Georgia and Florida.
The Heritage Corridor
was created to recognize the important contributions made to
American culture and history by Africans and African Americans
known as Gullah/Geechee who settled in the coastal regions of the
four states. Gullah/Geechee people survived the Middle Passage
as enslaved Africans who were captured from the rice-producing
regions of West Africa. They lived and worked on vast plantations
in semi-tropical conditions and, because of this isolation, were able
to maintain the Gullah language, arts and crafts.
The Heritage Corridor will assist federal, state and local
governments, grassroots organizations and public and private
entities in interpreting the story of the Gullah/Geechee culture and
preserving its folklore, arts, crafts and music. The Heritage Corridor
will also preserve historical sites and artifacts unique to this culture.
The journey to preserve Gullah/Geechee culture began in
2000 when the National Park Service was authorized by Congress
to conduct a Special Resource Study. The study focused on a
geographical region that included 79 barrier islands and adjacent
counties that are 30 miles inland. In Georgia, this area includes
seven barrier islands and six counties: Bryan, Chatham, Liberty,
McIntosh, Glynn and Camden. The Special Resource Study
documented the national significance of the Gullah/Geechee people
and their culture. The National Trust for Historic Preservation
included the Gullah/Geechee culture on its 2004 annual list of most
endangered resources.
Once the Heritage Corridor was designated, each of the
four states and the National Park Service recommended
representatives to serve on the Gullah/Geechee Cultural Heritage
Corridor Commission to the Secretary of the Interior. He appointed
15 commissioners and 10 alternates. In Georgia, the Historic
Preservation Division (HPD) participated with the other state historic
preservation offices (SHPOs) and the National Park Service in a
series of community meetings to inform the public about the heritage
area and to seek nominations for the management commission.
The Georgia SHPO nominated Charles Hall and Althea Sumpter for
initial appointments to the commission and recommended Deborah
Mack and Amir Jamal Toure´ to serve as alternates on the
commission. The National Park Service nominated Jeanne Cyriaque,
HPD’s African American programs coordinator, as Georgia’s cultural
resource expert on the management commission.
Congressman James E. Clyburn
Sixth District, South Carolina
House Majority Whip
Commissioners gather for a group photo following their induction ceremony.
The South Carolina African American Heritage Commission hosted the
ceremony at the Avery Research Center for African American History and
Culture in Charleston. Photo courtesy of the National Park Service
Hermina Glass-Avery
African American
Programs Assistant
Voice 404/657-1054
Fax 404/657-1040
hermina.glassavery@dnr.state.ga.us
Lillian Davis
Dr. Gerald C. & Barbara Golden
Terry & Cynthia Hayes
Richard Laub
Christine Miller-Betts
Kenneth Rollins
Isaac Johnson, Chair
706/738-1901
Linda Cooks, Vice-Chair
404/936-2614
Velmon Allen, Vice-Chair
GAAHPN Network
912/261-1898
STEERING
COMMITTEE
Jeanne Cyriaque
African American
Programs Coordinator
Reflections Editor
Voice 404/656-4768
Fax 404/657-1040
jeanne.cyriaque@dnr.state.ga.us
STAFF
7
 On October 29, 2007, Congressman Clyburn was the
keynote speaker at the installation ceremony when members of the
commission were announced. “After more than seven years of
work to establish this corridor, today marks the first day of hard
work this commission will undertake to preserve and share this
nearly 400-year history that is the core purpose of this initiative,”
said Clyburn. A primary purpose of the Gullah/Geechee Cultural
Heritage Corridor Commission is to develop a management plan for
this National Heritage Area.
The commission adopted by-laws and elected officers in
May 2008. The chairman of the commission is Emory Campbell of
South Carolina. Campbell is currently president of Gullah Heritage
Consulting Service and conducts institutes through lectures, short
courses and the Gullah Heritage Trail Tours on Hilton Head Island.
He is the author of Gullah Cultural Legacies and was the former
director of the Penn Center on St. Helena Island for 22 years. The
Association of African American Museums (AAAM) presented its
Lifetime Achievement Award to Emory Shaw Campbell during its
30th annual conference in 2008.
Eulis Willis, who is
mayor of the city of Navassa
in North Carolina, is vice
chairman. Jeanne Cyriaque,
secretary, coordinates African
American programs in Georgia’s
state historic preservation
office. Ralph Johnson,
treasurer, is the director of the
Center for the Conservation of
Architectural & Cultural
Heritage at Florida Atlantic
University.
At the August 2008
meeting in Wilmington, NC the
commission engaged the
Denver Service Center to
partner with them to develop
the management plan for the
corridor. The North Carolina
SHPO hosted a reception in
Old Town Brunswick and
commissioners supported the
Atlantic Beach Gullah Festival.
Sapelo Island and
Darien were the sites for the
commission meeting in Georgia.
Sapelo Island Cultural and
Revitalization Society (SICARS)
hosted the commissioners
meeting in Hog Hammock and
Cornelia Bailey provided a tour
of Gullah/Geechee sites on
Sapelo. Reverend Griffin Lotson, executive director of Sams
Memorial Community Economic Development in Darien, was another
valuable partner who made the Darien meeting a community event.
Lotson organized a reception and dinner and the Darien Shouters,
Frankie Quimby and the Georgia Sea Island Singers performed.
Jeanne Cyriaque, Ronald Daise, Lana Carter, Michael Allen and
Antoinette Jackson attended the Congressional reception that was
sponsored by the Alliance of National Heritage Areas, the National
Conference of State Historic Preservation Officers and the National
Park Service.
Emory Campbell, chairman of the
Gullah/Geechee Cultural Heritage
Corridor Commission, received a
Lifetime Achievement Award from the
Association of African American
Museums. Photo by Nichole Green
Althea Sumpter, Louise Miller Cohen
and Emory Campbell take a break
while mapping sites in the Gullah/
Geechee Cultural Heritage Corridor.
 Photo by Jeanne Cyriaque
Isaac Johnson
Chairman
The Georgia African American Historic Preservation Network (GAAHPN)
was established in January 1989. It is composed of representatives from
neighborhood organizations and preservation groups. GAAHPN was formed
in response to a growing interest in preserving the cultural and ethnic diversity of
Georgia’s African American heritage. This interest has translated into a number of
efforts which emphasize greater recognition of African American culture and
contributions to Georgia’s history. The GAAHPN Steering Committee meets regularly
to plan and implement ways to develop programs that will foster heritage education,
neighborhood revitalization, and support community and economic development.
The Network is an informal group of over 2,650 people who have an interest in
preservation. Members are briefed on the status of current and planned projects and are
encouraged to offer ideas, comments and suggestions. The meetings provide an
opportunity to share and learn from the preservation experience of others and to receive
technical information through workshops. Members receive a newsletter, Reflections,
produced by the Network. Visit the Historic Preservation Division website at
www.gashpo.org. Preservation information and previous issues of Reflections are
available online. Membership in the Network is free and open to all.
ABOUT GAAHPN
This publication has been financed in part with federal
funds from the National Park Service, Department of the
Interior, through the Historic Preservation Division,
Georgia Department of Natural Resources. The contents
and opinions do not necessarily reflect the views or
policies of the Department of the Interior, nor does the
mention of trade names, commercial products or
consultants constitute endorsement or recommendation
by the Department of the Interior or the Georgia
Department of Natural Resources. The Department
of the Interior prohibits discrimination on the basis
of race, color, national origin, or disability in its
federally assisted programs. If you believe you have
been discriminated against in any program, activity, or
facility, or if you desire more information, write to: Office
for Equal Opportunity, National Park Service, 1849 C
Street, NW, Washington, D.C. 20240.
Published quarterly by the
Historic Preservation Division
Georgia Department of Natural Resources
W. Ray Luce, Division Director &
Deputy State Historic Preservation Officer
Jeanne Cyriaque, Editor
A Program of the
Historic Preservation Division
Georgia Department of Natural Resources
34 Peachtree Street, NW
Suite 1600
Atlanta, GA 30303-2316