Outdoors it) geor&ia December, 1973 Jfr V* fc 7. *: *^ ^s OV^ 3* * %- If A. I 3S1 Kg .? '-. - *% > 4V. MX.; s ridtxa BOB: BOARD OF NATURAL RESOURCES James Darby Chairman Vidalia-- 1st District William Z. Camp, Sec. Newnan-- 6th District Leo T. Barber, Jr. Moultrie-- 2nd District Dr. Robert A. Collins, Jr. Americus-- 3rd District George P. Dillard Decatur-- 4th District Rankin M. Smith Atlanta-- 5th District Leonard E. Foote Marietta-7th District Henry S. Bishop Alma-8th District Clyde Dixon Cleveland-9th District Leonard Bassford Augusta-- 10th District Jimmie Williamson Darien--Coastal District Donald J. Carter Gainesville-- State at Large Wade H. Coleman Valdosta-- State at Large James D. Cone Decatur-- State at Large A. Calhoun Todd, Jr. Macon-- State at Large EARTH AND WATER DIVISION Sam M. Pickering, Jr., Director ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION DIVISION R. S. Howard, Jr., Director GAME AND FISH DIVISION Jack Crockford, Director PARKS AND HISTORIC SITES DIVISION Henry D. Struble, Director OFFICE OF PLANNING AND RESEARCH Chuck Parrish, Director OFFICE OF ADMINISTRATIVE SERVICES James H. Pittman, Director PUBLIC RELATIONS AND INFORMATION SECTION H. E. (Bud) Van Orden, Chief Jimmy Carter Governor Department of Natural Resources Joe D. Tanner Commissioner George T. Bagby Deputy Commissioner FEATURES Snipe Snafu Aaron Pass 2 Wildlife Profiles: Bobwhite Quail . . Aaron Pass 6 Unicoi--The New Way 9 Seminole T. Craig Martin 12 Tide Tables Wild Game Cookery 18 NRA 22 All In A Night's Work Joe Cullens 26 DEPARTMENTS Book Review 29 Outdoor World 30 Outdoor Calendar 32 Outdoors it? georgia December, 1 973 Volume II Number 1 2 Outdoors in Georgia is the official monthly magazine of the Georgia Department of Natural Resources, published at the Department's offices, Trinity-Washington Building, 270 Washington Street, Atlanta, Georgia 30334. No advertising accepted. Subscriptions are $3 for one year or $6 for three years. Printed by Williams Printing Company, Atlanta, Georgia. Notification of address change must include old address label from a recent magazine, new address and ZIP code, with 60 days notice. No subscription requests will be accepted without ZIP code. Articles and photographs may be reprinted when proper credit given. Contributions are welcome, but the editors assume no responsibility or liability for loss or damage of articles, photographs, or illustrations. Second-class postage paid at Atlanta, Georgia. MAGAZINE STAFF Phone 656-3530 H. E. (Bud) Van Orden Editor-in-Chief Bob Wilson Editor Liz Carmichael Jones . . . Art Director .... Jim Couch Staff Photographer .... Bob Busby Staff Photographer Linda Leggett Circulation Manager . . Dick Davis Aaron Pass T. Craig Martin Karen H. Stroud Joe Cullens Staff Writer Staff Writer Staff Writer Staff Writer Staff Writer EDITORIAL Outdoors in Georgia- Share it with Others Sharing experiences with others is one of the most rewarding and enjoyable occasions for all concerned. The person who has learned something worthwhile and who wants to share these special moments with others is a rare individual indeed. Outdoorsmen who have hunted a favorite field, fished a hidden pond, hiked a scenic trail, camped in the wilderness and who share these adventures with others through stories or by taking friends along next time are enriching the lives of their fellow sportsmen. "Outdoors in Georgia" provides a way for sharing many great moments of outdoor activity on a continuing basis with the outdoor enthu- siast. As the seasons change, so do the stories and legends change that make each time of the year a little different. Our publication is for the active participant as well as for those who participate through the adventure of reading. -- The outdoors our greatest natural gift. With this thought in mind, why not share this gift with others by giving "Outdoors in Georgia" to someone who cares about sharing as much as vou do. &UsL ~U^s<&/oiS SNIPE By Aaron Pass Photos by T. Craig Martin The Great American Snipe Hunt, a cherished, time-worn bit of rustic Americana, has served for years as one of the mystic initiation rites of pre-adolcscence. The classic snipe hunting fable usually features, as main character, a city boy being introduced to the pursuit of the elusive snipe by his helpful country cousins. The unfortunate neophyte, armed with an empty feed sack, is taken out after nightfall to a reasonably remote and lonely spot. There he is instructed to stand in a gully and hold open the sack while the others herd the snipe down the ditch. Often he is advised to clank two horseshoes together while chant- ing, "Snipe, snipe, snipe ..." The rest of the cast, of course, beat it back home, and there, between rounds of hot chocolate, chuckle over cousin Jack's dilemma. On the other hand, numerous out- door writers have, over the years, endeavored to point out the truth about "real" snipe hunting. First, there is indeed a bird known as a snipe, or more correctly, the common or Wil- son's snipe (Capella gallinago deli- He cata). is scientifically classified as a shorebird and categorized with the sandpipers and plovers. His nearest relative is the American woodcock (Philohela minor) and the two are of- ten confused due to the similarity of appearance and habits. The major distinction is that of habitat. The wood- cock resides in dense brush and boggy woods, while the snipe prefers the SNAFU open marsh. In appearance the snipe is a more slender, trim bird than the rotund woodcock and is usually a bit lighter in coloration. The head markings are the most positive field distinc- tion. On the woodcock the markings run across the head from eye to eye, while the snipe's head is striped front to back. The common snipe is our smallest game bird, weighing in at a mere seven ounces. Its overall length is about 1 inches, which includes a 2 '/2-inch bill. The long, flexible bill is used to probe in moist earth for the snipe's major food, earthworms. This inclination accounts for the snipe's preferred habitat, generally flooded pastures, grassy sloughs and mudflats near standing water. The history of snipe hunting (the "real" kind) goes back to the days of market hunting for wildfowl. Although small, the shore birds, including the snipe, were considered delicacies. The great migrating flocks of curlews and plovers were lured by decoys and "flock-shot" using large-bore shot- guns. This market hunting was stopped by law, and today, of all the shorebird family, only the woodcock and jack- snipe may be legally hunted. These species have remained numerous due to their wide natural breeding range. The snipe is a highly regarded game bird in certain parts of the country, both for his excellent table qualities and for the challenging target he presents the wingshooter. With the long, semi-flexible beak, the snipe probes into the mud for his favorite foods, earthworms and small crustaceans. Armed only with this general knowledge, several members of the Outdoors in Georgia staff decided late last winter to give snipe hunting a go and avail themselves of some firsthand experience'of the snipe's sporting potential. In due course an expedition was laid on to the coast, where rumor had it snipe were present in abundance. On arrival, our hosts, who shall remain nameless, assured us unfortunate neophytes that the snipe was without parallel as a sporting bird and that we would have a memorable experience. The fiasco began in, of all places, a barge disguised as a duck blind, an- chored in a large tidal river. Since the early morning tide prevented our wandering through the marsh, jumpshooting snipe in the classic manner, we opted to pass the time duck hunting until the tide went out. Our morning sojourn was virtually uninterrupted by ducks, except for two shovellers who circled the camouflaged barge at about 200 yards. Our expert duck calling soon increased this distance to 500 yards and eventually drove the ducks out of sight. During all this excitement, someone in the party noted that the water level inside the barge seemed to be deepening. This phenomenon was attributed to the rain, which was coming down at a slow drizzle. Much later, after the rain had ceased, the water level inside the barge continued to rise. Thus we faced bitter reality, our duck blind/barge was sinking. Our hosts had left a bit earlier to get another boat and had neglected to mention the depth of water under the barge. Our panic-stricken estimates ranged from twenty feet to fifty fath- oms. Suddenly, with great dignity, the old craft began to heel over and go under. With considerably less dignity, we, like rats, scuttled to the high side and abandoned ship (barge? duck blind?), determined to see how far snipe hunters wearing waders can swim. It was with no little relief that we discovered the water was only four feet deep. Not having the good sense to be warned by the preceding events that it was not going to be a red-letter day for snipe hunters, we anxiously awaited the return of our hosts to commence the snipe expedition. Now, as has been previously mentioned, the correct manner of hunting snipe is to stroll through the marsh, shooting at the flushing birds. This is alleged to be very difficult as the snipe have a tendency to flush wild and fly in a very erratic pattern. Having seen large swarms of snipe trading about while still aboard the defunct duck blind, we made our first landfall with all the spirit of the Marines hitting the beach at Midway. About five steps inland, we discovered one of the greatest -- coastal defenses of all time soft marsh. In our educational experience with soft marsh, it was determined that on the surface it appears to be a somewhat soggy form of terra firma, but isn't. When a snipe hunter steps on soft marsh, he immediately sinks to a depth of not less than one, nor, with luck, more than three feet. By diligent struggling in an attempt to extricate himself, he may, however, work his way down to four or even five feet. It is highly unlikely that he will go any deeper than four or five feet, but it is also unlikely that he will get free without assistance. From this initial experience with the sport, we have reached some conclusions about snipe hunting and several of these are printable. In gen- eral, we agree that snipe are a truly difficult target and are quite a challenge for the wingshooter. They are particularly difficult, we noted, when the shooter is mired hip-pocket-deep in the marsh. As for guns, type and, to some extent, gauge are not important, as long as the owner does not mind using the piece to break the suction of the mud. The snipe is a small bird and a dense pattern of small shot such as #9 is the best bet. Ranges vary from fifteen to forty yards and modified choke is probably the best com- promise. In an attempt to get a somewhat broader base of experience on snipe, we went to the Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife and there found an actual experienced snipe hunter. Edward Carlson, Regional Director of the Bureau, grew up hunting snipe. Carlson confirms that snipe are gener- ally considered a difficult target. He calls the snipe "... a tremendous sporting bird. It is preferred by the elite wingshots of the upper mid-west, where I grew up." Apparently there is little soft marsh in the upper mid-west. This bag of common .snipe might not seem extraordinary in comparison to the huge takes of the long-gone market hunters, but it represents some really exciting wing shooting and some really difficult slogging in the marsh. At the conclusion of the described disaster, both the evening sun and one of our heroes seem to be sinking into the marsh. The perceptive reader will note the joyful expression of the individual on the right and the caution of the individual on tin- left as they navigate around the "soft spot" found by the unfortunate wretch in the center. Wildlife Profiles: By Aaron Pass Art bv Liz Carmichael Jones uat The bobwhite quail (Colinus virginianus) is well known and well loved by most southern sportsmen. Despite the quail's relatively small size (about 1 1 inches long, weighing 8 ounces) he commands the respect of a zealous following of hunters who rate the quail as the number one game bird in the southeast. So dominant is the quail on the southern sporting scene, that the phrase, "gone bird hunting," means literally quail hunting to the exclusion of other feathered game. The bobwhite himself is a small, chunky bird bedecked in a variegated plumage of black, shades of brown, and russet-red. The belly is covered with white feathers tipped in black, giving a somewhat scaled appearance. The cock bird is distinguished by a white band above each eye and a white throat; on the hen these areas are a buff-brown. The common name, bob- white, comes from the cheery two-note mating call of the cock bird. This dis- tinctive whistle is only a portion of the rather varied quail vocabulary. Mating occurs in April and May when cocks and hens pair off. This ini- tial pair will stay together through the incubation of eggs and the rearing of the young birds, on into the winter. An average clutch of 14 eggs is laid in a ground nest, and both the cock and the hen share the incubation duty. About 23-24 days are required for the eggs to hatch. If the nest is destroyed during the incubation period, the pair will probably re-nest. If the brood hatches out and is lost, it is likely that no re-nesting attempt will be made. The brood and the parent birds form the covey, the basic family unit of quail populations. Particularly large coveys, or those with young of different ages, are the result of two family groups joining. The quail is a member of the Galli- naceous order of birds, which identifies him as principally a ground dweller. The bobwhite can and does fly and may occasionally perch on limbs, but by and large he keeps his feet on the ground. On the ground he nests, rears his young, feeds, roosts, and generally lives out his life. It is within this ground level stratum, that the quail must supply himself with the daily necessities of food, water, and cover from his enemies. The bobwhite quail is essentially a seed eater, feeding predominantly on grass and weed seeds, and waste grain in agricultural areas. Fruits and ber- ries are often eaten, as are insects, but these are seasonal luxuries. Cover for roosting and nesting, and for escape from predators, is another essential. For roosting and nesting, quail prefer low, grassy cover with an open overstory for escape by flight. Escape cover is usually thick and brushy for defense against both terrestrial and airborne predators. Quail are a true prey species near the bottom of the food chain. They feed primarily on vegetable matter, converting it to protein which is sought by the meat-eating predators. Almost any predator will take a quail when given the opportunity. Foxes, owls, bobcats, and hawks are all quail predators, but all this predation, under normal circumstances, does no harm to the quail population. It is even bene- ficial in that the natural predators tend to selectively take the sick, weak, and crippled birds, preventing the spread of disease or parasites through the whole covey. These same predators also prey heavily on cotton rats, a prime habitat competitor and nest spoiler of quail. Like most prey species, quail counter predation with a high reproductivity potential. The quail population buffers the effects of predation (includ- ing human hunting), disease, para- sites, and inclement weather by simply overproducing young. This surplus is trimmed throughout each summer, fall, and early winter to bring the quail population down to a viable number during the year's most severe period late winter. This annual mortality usu- ally amounts to 70% -80% loss from spring to spring. The hunter's bag is taken from this normal loss factor which will occur to the same degree whether the quail are hunted or not. If there is no hunting, other decimating factors such as disease or starvation will account for the loss. Quail hunting is a hallowed and revered tradition in the south. Southern quail hunting was in its heyday when small farm agriculture was the dominant land-use pattern. This created a patchwork pattern of grain and cotton fields, interspersed with creek bottoms and brush-filled gullies. This combination of food and cover areas in close association was ideal quail habitat and the quail population boomed. Since World War II, however, landuse has changed. People have moved to the cities and many family farms have been reclaimed by the forest. W.,fc' Modern agriculture is big business and intolerant of the "wasted space" that used to be quail cover. This change in land-use has had a telling effect on quail. With the continuing advance of forest land and high-efficiency agriculture, the quail population has declined from the "boom days" of the early part of the century. Newer problems in the form of urban and suburban expansion into the countryside, and the "clean farming" philosophy combined with the heavy use of pesticides and herbicides in modern agriculture are also factors which adversely affect the quail popu- lation. Quail depict graphically the interrelationship between wildlife and its habitat. As the usable habitat expands, the wildlife adapted to that habitat will also expand its population. When the habitat shrinks, either naturally or due to man-induced changes, the wildlife population will also shrink. There are a number of techniques which can be applied which will benefit quail populations, and cost little more than simple consideration. Lack of cover is often a prime limiting factor on an efficient clean farm. Quail habitat can be increased by a number of methods. Leaving a brushy border strip around fields is a great help. This border strip should be "knocked back" by mowing or disking to keep it from becoming too dense for quail use. This same procedure, applied to "odd" field corners, drains, and roadsides adds greatly to usable cover, by providing cover intrusions into fields and pastures to increase quail utilization of the waste grain found there. Woodland owners and managers can very simply increase their quail populations by the controlled use of fire and by adequate tree thinning. This combination provides for a healthy undergrowth of grasses and weeds which provide quail food and cover in a pine forest. Since fire can be damaging to hardwoods, food plantings are recommended for this type of woodland. These plantings should consist of species adaptable to the region; the lespedezas, millet, peas, or any kind of the cereal grains all work fine. UNICOI the new way Photos by Edwin Forlson An an area of great natural beauty, where the basic elements of mountain earth, clear air and sparkling water seem to be molded especially to provide myriad recreational opportunities, Georgia has established the Unicoi Outdoor Recreation Experiment Station, one mile north of Helen. The overall purpose of Unicoi Station is to explore the problems created by man's ever increasing demands on a limited and delicate environment and to develop new ways for everyone to use and enjoy it, while at the same time preserving precious and dwindling natural areas. As one approach toward meeting this goal, an innovative plan for recreation facilities and programs has been launched at Unicoi. This includes 100. tent and recreational vehicle campsites; 20 one, two, and three bedroom lakefront cottages; two beach areas with canoes and rowboats; a general store; and a program of planned recreation and crafts activities. With the recent addition of a lodge and conference center, the facilities were completed. Open to vacationers and conference groups all year, the Center offers superb family accommodations at budget prices. Located on the crest of a wooded hill with mountain panoramas in every direction, the new lodge actually is a group of four buildings. The Center houses the restaurant, conference rooms, spacious lounges and a craftshop. Three lodging clusters next to the Center contain 60 cedar paneled guest rooms, each featuring individual climate control and magnificent views of the forest and mountains. The focal point of each cluster is its spacious commons room, where a vaulted ceiling rises two stories above a sunken fireplace ringed by built-in sofa seat- ing. Four room arrangements accommodate up to five guests, and the larger rooms feature sleeping lofts especially planned for children. Rates range from $13 to $19, with an additional $2 charge for each adult (12 and older) above double occupancy. For conference groups, Unicoi Center offers a peaceful setting away from the noise and distractions of the city, yet completely equipped and designed for successful meetings. The main conference room accommodates up to 180, features a built-in sound system, and can be divided into two or three smaller rooms. There are two smaller rooms, one seating 40, the other 15, while verandas and outdoor amphitheaters offer more casual set- tings. The Center's conference staff can provide assistance in program plan- A ning, presentation and evaluation. full range of audiovisual equipment and conference aids are available and conference support services include printing, photography, brochure preparation and secretarial support. The Unicoi Center restaurant offers everything from sandwiches to full- course meals. Special picnics, cookouts and banquets can be arranged for conference and family groups. Families can enjoy Unicoi Station's cottages and camping facilities. Twenty unusual one, two, and three bedroom lakeside cottages feature full kitchens, electric heat and cheery fireplaces; and they incorporate such accents as carpeted bedrooms and bentwood rockers. They rent complete with all linens and kitchen and table utensils. One hundred campsites provide for every camping preference: recrea- tional vehicle sites equipped with wa- ter and electric hook-ups, non-electri- RV fied sites, tent sites and unique group camping platforms. Campsite amenities include tables, grills, water, comfort stations with Hot showers, a RV central dump station for holding tanks, campfire rings, amphitheater, walking trails, beach and swimming area, and a country store offering camping staples and mountain crafts. The mountain area surrounding Unicoi offers many recreational and scenic opportunities. Backpacking on the Appalachian Trail, canoeing on the Chattahoochee and Chattooga Rivers, and exploring the Tallulah Gorge are a few of the activities open to the hearty. Less strenuous pleasures in- clude fishing, sightseeing, or quiet contemplation in some placid spot. In the language of the Cherokees who once hunted and fished in these Blue Ridge Mountains, Unicoi means the "New Way." The facility which bears the name today is dedicated to a new way, both in preserving precious natural areas and in providing facilities and programs to make a visit to Unicoi much more than just a trip to the mountains. For more information and reserva- tions, contact: a Reservations Clerk Unicoi P.O. Box 256 Helen, Georgia 30545 Phone: 404- Vt'2Z'l $ \ n mhi --*S, A 11 SEMINOLE! 12 By T. Craig Martin Photos by the Author Ice forming on the bass boat? Tackle moldering in the closet? Family beginning to wear on you during those long winter weekends indoors? Is that what's troubling you, bucko? Then free your boat, unearth that tackle and say goodbye to the wife and kids, raise yourself from those dreary dreams of yesteryear: it's time for a trip to Lake Seminole! Snuggled into Georgia's far southwest corner, Seminole offers year round fishing, but perhaps its greatest service is as a remedy to those midwinter blues. While Lanier and Hartwell and Jackson and Sinclair challenge polar bears using lead lines to search out an occasional bass, Semi- nole may offer shirtsleeve weather and 65-degree water temperature. And that's enough to rouse any angler from his winter hibernation. Seminole's log and stump-choked waters would make any bass fisher- man smile in anticipation, but this shallow lake also harbors fat crappie and bream, and offers such exotics as chain pickerel and striped bass. And all of them can be caught in the winter. The secret to cold weather fishing at Seminole, at least according to Jack Wingate, a lodge and marina operator who's lived nearby all his life, is to keep very close track of its fastchanging water temperature. Seminole is a very shallow lake, and its temperature can vary by 1 5 or 20 degrees in a couple of days. The trick is to fish when the water is at its warmest, for the fish will be feeding best then. Wingate recommends a quick foray into Spring Creek to test the "worm drops" (areas that usually produce on soft plastic lures). If nothing turns up in this shallow, stumpy area, he then heads back out into the deeper channels, reasoning that the bass have remained out in the areas with more stable temperatures. Out there he works with deep-running plugs and the darker plastic worms. He also suggests a specialized form of structure fishing for the winter man. Here the angler fishes near each stump or log, moving rather quickly from obstruction to obstruction and ignoring the open water between. The lure is tossed over near the structure, allowed to sink, then moved a short way. If no strike comes, it is quickly retrieved, then cast into another spot. The reasoning behind this tactic seems to be that a bass will be sluggish in the cooler water and won't chase the bait very far from its holding ground. For those who don't know Spring Creek from foggy bottom, Wingate and the other marina operators usually have maps of Seminole, and they are happy to part with some informa- tion on where and how to fish during the prevalent conditions. The Seminole-bound angler would be ill-advised to discard his longjohns just because the lake enjoys occasional spurts of good weather: temperatures in the low 30s aren't uncommon, and that's right brisk on any lake. Warm clothes and foul weather gear should accompany any fisherman, and at least the rain gear should be in the boat each time he heads out from the dock. 13 14 This lake is both big and shallow, a dangerous combination in bad weather. Even moderate winds can manufacture substantial waves here, and the newcomer would do well to head in at the first sign of an approaching storm. Seminole is about a six or seven hour drive from Atlanta, which means that the fanatic could leave after work on Friday and reach Bainbridge in plenty of time for a good night's sleep before Saturday's fishing, since sunup doesn't come till 7 or 7:30 a.m. And he could leave by about three on Sunday after a few hours on the lake and still rest a bit before returning to work on Monday. Several of the marinas offer lodging, and there are plenty of motel facilities in Bainbridge. Wingate and others can provide guide service, a worth- while expenditure for those new to the lake. So don't hibernate this winter, grouching at your wife and kids as you watch the ice forming on your boat or you decide that those hooks just can't stand another sharpening. Drive just a little to enjoy a lot. Visit Lake Seminole! Marinas on Lake Seminole Dunn's Camp: William S. Turner, (912) 861-3436 Ga. 39 & 253, Donalsonville. Boat rental, motor rental, overnight fa- cilities, launching ramp, bait, tackle, camping. Jack Wingate's Camp: Jack Wingate, (912) 246-0658 Ga. 97, Bainbridge. Boat rental, motor rental, guides, overnight facilities, food, boat launching ramp, bait, tackle, camping. Reynolds Landing: Sepriton, (912) 861-3247 Off Ga. 253, Donalsonville. Boat rental, motor rental, guides, overnight facilities, food, launching ramp, bait, tackle, camping. Stone's Landing: Bill & Lou Walley, (912) 246-2650 Off Ga. 310-253, Bainbridge. Boat rental, motor rental, overnight fa- cilities, launching ramp, bait, tackle, camping, food. 15 ^^WTM *y *t ONE GIFT... FOR MANY OCCASIONS THAT TASTS ATT YEAR Birthdays. Anniversaries. Father's Day. Any Day. OUTDOORS IN GEORGIA is the ideal gift for your favorite sportsman . . . every issue is packed with features of interest to Georgia outdoorsmen. You can order it now for any gift occasion dur- ing the year, and we'll send a letter of acknowledgment in your name. Simply fill out the blanks on the reverse side. We'll do the rest. 1 year (12 issues) 2 years (24 issues) Special Bargain Rate: 3 years (36 issues) . $3.00 $5.00 . $6.00 Give the Gift that Lasts All Year . . . Give OUTDOORS IN GEORGIA o? 10 >H -J r > n> 03 is 2; > cr O w o o ^ 03 O 2 o cr 32 H ow ffl mw 4- 4 W ' fD O l-t o re 2w C T3 <) H > O 00 1-- H2 > 2 tn 2 00 m C/D w t/i ^ C/l > IS W 2^ rr a^ 2 2 H S W > d 2 r H i-- 1/1 H > H w T1 3- >-i 00 o? Q 03 OLn 03 C/5 ^,>;y,ia i Outdoors in Georgia has a special print for you or for someone you like. Simply send a three-year gift subscription to a friend and get a 16x20 format print of this painting by Mel Wolfeforyourself Ifyou re feeling really generous, have us send your print to your friend--just let us know, we'll enclose a gift card. If you want an extra print, enclose $2.50 and tell us where to send it. This offer is good only until January 31, 1974. &\Wte 22 Quail Casserole (Also Dove and Pheasant) 8-12 Vb !/2 quail salt flour cup butter or margarine lb. fresh mushrooms or 1 (4 oz.) can mushrooms chopped fresh parsley or parsley flakes dry white wine about 2 cups Preheat oven to 350 ' F. Split the birds down the back. Salt and dust lightly in flour. Saute in skillet until browned on both sides. Remove birds from skillet and place them in a casserole with lid. Pour drippings from skillet over birds and add mushrooms and parsley. Pour enough wine into casserole to half-cover the birds. Cover and place in 350 F. oven for 1 hour. Doves and quarters of pheas- ant may also be done this way. Allow only 45 minutes in oven for doves and 1 Va hours for pheasant pieces. Roast Wild Turkey A wild turkey would be treated the same as a domestic bird. Keep the stuffing simple and not too highly seasoned. After stuffing the turkey, rub well with butter, salt and pepper. Place it on a rack in a roasting pan. Roast in a 325 F. oven and allow 22-25 minutes per pound. Baste the turkey often with equal amounts of butter and white wine. If you are accustomed to cooking your domestic turkey in aluminum foil or in an oven baking bag, the same may be done with a wild turkey. WATERFOWL Quick-Roasted Wild Duck Place V2 orange inside the cavity of each duck. Place the ducks on a rack in a shallow pan and roast in a 450-475 F. oven. Baste ducks well with melted butter and red or white wine or with melted butter and orange juice. Roast for 20-30 minutes. Season with salt and pepper. Baked Wild Duck In Oven Cooking Bag 1 duck melted butter or margarine salt chopped apple and celery 1 tablespoon flour 1 cup orange juice Preheat oven to 350 Shake 1 tablespoon flour in small size (10" x 16") oven cooking bag and place in two-inch deep roasting pan. Pour orange juice into bag and stir until flour is well mixed. Brush duck with butter and salt cavity and outside. Fill cavity with chopped apple and celery. Place duck in bag. Close bag with twist tie and make six half-inch slits in top. Cook 1 V2 hours. * -^j - , SMALL GAME Fried Rabbit or Squirrel Cut rabbits or squirrels into quarters or smaller pieces. Place pieces in a deep pot and cover with cool water to which Va cup of vinegar has been added. Bring to boil and let boil for 5 minutes. Throw this water away. Start over-- cover game with cool water and add 1-2 teaspoons of salt. Boil until almost tender. Remove pieces from water and dip in corn meal or flour. Fry then as you would chicken. Using the above boiling methods removes any strong, gamey taste. -- 23 Rabbit with Dark Raisin Gravy 1-2 rabbits cut in quarters cup vinegar 2 teaspoons salt 1 tablespoon minced onion flakes or 1 small onion chopped 4 whole cloves 2 bay leaves Vi teaspoon allspice (optional) V2 cup dark raisins Va cup brown sugar Place rabbit pieces in deep pot and cover with cool water. Add 14 cup of vinegar to water and bring to boil, let boil for 5 minutes. Throw this water away. Again, cover rabbit with cool water and add V* cup vinegar, 2 teaspoons salt, onion, cloves, bay leaves and allspice. Cook until almost tender and then add raisins and brown sugar. Continue cooking until rabbit is tender and done. Remove rabbit from pot and thicken liquid with a paste of flour and water. Replace rabbit in thickened gravy and heat just before serving. One Dish Squirrel squirrel salt, pepper flour vegetable oil 1 cup diced onion V2 doz. small potatoes, cubed 1 medium can tomatoes Cut squirrel meat into serving pieces. Sprinkle with salt, pepper and flour. Fry in oil until lightly browned. Layer squirrel, onion, potatoes in casserole dish. Cover with tomatoes. Bake covered in oven set at 350 F. for 1 V2 hours. 1! 24 LARGE GAME Venison Steaks And Chops Boiled or Sauteed If these are from young animals, they need no marinating. The meat should hang for two or three weeks and then be properly cut by your butcher. To cook young steaks or chops, heat a heavy skillet until quite hot and add half butter and half oil. Saute the meat, turning it frequently to brown on both sides without charring. Salt and pepper to taste. If you like, flame the meat with cognac just before serving. Steaks and chops from young animals may be cooked in the same manner as beef steaks or lamb chops: broiled, grilled or sauteed. When broiling or cooking on outdoor grill, cook quickly and do not overcook! Game will become tough or dry with long broiling or frying. Salt and pepper to taste. To saute young chops or steaks, melt butter in a heavy skillet. Add meat to the hot skillet and saute it by turning it often on both sides so that it will brown without charring. Salt and pepper to taste. Venison Roast Baked In Foil 3-4 lb. roast Vb package of dry onion soup Preheat oven to 450 F. Place roast on piece of heavy duty aluminum foil. Sprinkle Vi package of dry onion soup over meat. Bring edges of foil together and seal tightly. Place in shallow roasting pan and bake at 425 F. for 2-2V2 hours. There will be ample juice collected inside foil which can be thickened for gravy. Venison Meat Loaf V/i lb. ground venison 1 egg 1 teaspoon minced Wi teaspoon salt onion V2 cup dried bread 1 cup milk crumbs Preheat oven to 350 F. 9x5 Mix all ingredients together. Place in greased x 3" loaf pan. Bake for 1 hour in 350 F. oven. Venison Roast In Oven Cooking Bag 3-4 lb. roast 4" thick salt and pepper 1 medium onion quartered 2 bay leaves, crumbled V2 cup dry red wine Preheat oven to 325 F. Shake 1 tablespoon flour in small size (10" x 16") oven cooking bag and place in two-inch deep roasting pan. Pour wine into bag and stir until flour is well mixed. Rub meat with salt and pepper. Place meat in bag. Put onion and bay leaves around roast. Close bag with twist tie and make six half-inch slits in top. Cook 2-2V-2 hours. If the roast is smaller, it will take less time. Serve with the clear wine gravy or thicken if so desired. Venison Casserole 2 lbs. of venison meat cubed 1 can mushroom soup 1 package dry onion soup mix 1 cup canned tomatoes or 2 fresh tomatoes Preheat oven to 325 F. Place meat in casserole and add mushroom soup, dry onion soup mix and tomatoes. Cover and bake at 325 F. for 2 hours. Venisonburgers If the venison is very lean, add some beef fat to the meat when having it ground. You may cook these burgers the same way as any beefburger-- saute, broil, or grill. Be sure not to overcook as this will dry out.your game meat. Venison Swiss Steak Use a round steak and pound thoroughly. Flour, salt, and pepper the steak and brown in shortening in a heavy skillet. Add enough water to cover steak. At this point, recipe may be varied by adding onions, mushroom soup, celery soup or tomatoes. Cook 1 V2 hours or until tender. Additional water may need to be added occasionally. An electric skillet may be used for this recipe and should be set at 350" F. 25 ' M in a Night*s Work By Joe Cullens Photos by T. Craig Martin The still, damp cold of an early No- vember night began to creep through the layers of protective clothing covering the shivering bodies of a group of men gathered near a small mountain branch. Thoughts of the warm camp- fire and the delicious meal they had just enjoyed lingered in their minds. A barely audible bark drifted from the distance. "They've struck," cried one of the men. The wait was over. The two registered redbone hounds turned loose near the branch in Banks County had found their quarry. Anticipation heightened as the men climbed aboard the truck and began the trek up the mountain slope toward the sound of the hounds. "Boy, they're in a pretty rough place," became the understatement of the night as the hunters trudged through heavy underbrush, crossing small branches, and climbing what seemed to be unending steep slopes. Pausing momentarily to listen at sev- eral points along the way, the men dickered over distance and direction to the spot where the dogs had treed. The ability of the dogs' owner and trainer to discern the telltale difference in each dog's bark which meant the dog was no longer on the trail but had treed the wary object of the search was amazing. The steepest climb for the group of men still lay ahead. Across a branch and up a nearly vertical slope laden with a deep carpet of leaf mulch lay the end of the quest. 26 Flashlights exposed the glimmer of several pairs of glowing red eyes. Coons! The dogs had done their duty well, for at the top of a large white oak tree was not one, but three of the ring-tailed quarry . . . raccoons. With the sharp report of a small-bore pistol, the wily prey came tumbling from its hiding place and was immediately finished off. This was the first of two raccoons which were the fruit of the nocturnal excursion. From the first day of the season in the north Georgia mountains, Tom Irvin and his fellow coon-hunters tramp the hollows and ridges of Banks County in search of the raccoon. When the north Georgia season ends, yearround coon hunting is available in all counties south of Carroll, Fulton, DeKalb, Gwinnett, Barrow, Jackson, Madison, and Elbert. For avid enthusiasts of the sport, such as Irvin, nothing is too pressing that time cannot be taken to hunt the raccoon. According to Tom's brother, State Representative Jack Irvin, also a coon hunting enthusiast, Tom will travel anywhere at the drop of a hat if there's sport involved. The raccoon is probably best-known for his peculiar habit of feeling his food, especially in the water. He seems to "wash" his food. In actuality, the animal has a high degree of sensitivity in his forepaws, and likes to feel his food. It would appear that the raccoon has a fetish for food fondling, if you will. Procyon, the first part of the Latin name for the common North Ameri- can raccoon, means "before the dog." Lotor, the second part of the Latin name, means appropriately, "washer." The common name, raccoon, probably came from the Algonquin Indian word "arakunem," meaning "he scratches with his hands." Coons are found in every part of the North American continent, but are peculiar to the New World. The wily raccoon's nearest relative is probably the coati mundi of Central and South America. It may also be related to the ring-tailed cat of the Southwestern United States. Especially populous in the Southeastern United States, the raccoon is truly omnivorous. He eats anything; however his favorite foods seem to be A fish and shellfish. tasty treat enjoyed by the coon is the familiar crayfish or "crawdad" found in many spring-fed streams. The raccoon is also somewhat of a scavenger, and many a surprised camper has awakened to find one of the stealthy creatures rummaging through the camp garbage in the wee hours of the morning. Apparently fearless, raccoons have been known to venture into the tents of unwary camp- 1 he only breaks in a night's hunt are taken when the dogs tree; of course, even these moments can prove to he a strain on the neck. 27 "Rock" and "Blazer" hold the wily prey at bay after it has been rousted from its perch. The chase ended, and the quarry felled, Tom Irvin moves in to call off the dogs. 28 ers in search of a tidbit. The coastal estuaries of the Eastern United States are also well-populated with raccoons. The tidal marshlands in such areas provide a voluminous supply of food for the animals. Normally a nocturnal feeder, the coon has adapted his feeding habits in the coastal areas to coincide with the movement of the tides. Coon hunting as the sport is known today, came to this continent with the English settlers. The native Indians of North America still-hunted the animal, and only occasionally were dogs used. With the English immigrants came the dogs, and the sport pretty much as it is known today. The dogs used in coon hunting are usually one of two breeds, blue tick or redbone hounds. The redbone hound seems to be the one most favored by the more avid enthusiasts of the sport, although numerous arguments could be encountered over which breed is actually the best. Suffice it to say that a well-trained coon dog is a beautiful sight to watch in action. As previously mentioned, the dogs have distinctly separate barks indicating the chase and the tree. There is no set way to distinguish the barks among different dogs, unless you happen to know a particular dog's yelp. Each dog is quite individual in this respect. According to Tom Irvin, and a fel- low coon-hunter from Newton County, Johnny Cowan, dogs do not work well in a pack unless they are familiar with each other. It seems as though the animals get jealous of each other and do not respect each other's nosing ability. The sense of smell is very acute in these animals, and once a coon has been treed, the dogs will circle the tree to check the area to see if the coon may have tried to outwit them by sneaking down an adjacent tree. Once assured that the coon is still up the tree, the dogs set in to a continuous howling to advise their masters that they have found the prey. The dogs used this particular night were "Rock" and "Blazer" owned by Cowan, and "Sue" owned by Irvin. "Rock" and "Blazer" have developed an interesting habit, in that they will hunt only once after being turned loose. In other words, after being loosed, the dogs will tree only one time, after which they must be put back into the truck and carried to a different place before they will hunt again. Their owner, Cowan, says that is due to the way he has hunted the dogs, and the way that hunters like Irvin and himself hunt. Generally they will kill only one coon per night, leav- ing the rest for other hunts. The meat of the raccoon is quite palatable, according to Irvin. Not greasy like opossum, the meat is red with a texture similar to beef and may be prepared in a number of different ways. Irvin's favorite method is to boil the meat first in a pressure cooker, remove and baste it well with barbecue sauce, then place in an oven to roast for 30 or 40 minutes. "We don't believe in being greedy," says Irvin, adding that a major part of the sport of coon hunting is in the comradeship and fellowship of the A night gatherings in the woods. lot of tall tales are traded around campfires lit to keep away the cold; and the fellowship of a group of good friends gathered to enjoy the chase through the woods is indeed pleasurable. An oak makes a good backrest for Johnny Cowan while "Rock" and "Blazer" look as if to say, "Come on, where's the next one." BooH Reviews CATCH MORE BASS By Stan Fagerstrom, Caxton Printers, Ltd., 167 pages, $7.95 (paperbound). A writer for one of the western counterparts of Outdoors in Georgia might offer this book to his readers with great enthusiasm; in -fact, this writer has a friend in northern Cali- fornia who soon will receive a copy. MORE CATCH But there's little in BASS that will be new to the expe- rienced Georgia bass fisherman. This doesn't at all mean that there aren't useful tips in the book. It's just that Georgians grow up fishing for bass, and many live their lives fishing the finest bass waters in this country. Bass fishing is an honored tradition here; many of the tricks that Fager- strom learned through toilsome trial and effort the Georgia bassman picks up almost through osmosis by the time he's in his teens. So this book on the "Secrets of a Western Bass Man" at best can review ancient truths of the trade, emphasizing the author's personal preferences where choice exists. Now every Georgian is not, of course, a home town Homer Circle: quite a few of those "good ol' boys" couldn't cast a lure within ten feet of their target or properly rig one of the soft plastic worms. But then they're not likely to read something on the sport anyhow. And that leaves a book like this in limbo: the audience that could profit from it won't buy it, while the audience that might buy it has already passed beyond its level. The serious fisherman (much less bass-addict) already knows about level-wind reels, he knows about balanced tackle, he understands the importance of comfortable clothes and an appropriate boat. And, although he might not talk about it, he understands and lives Fagerstrom's main point: the serious fisherman fishes. He fishes whenever and wherever he can; he fishes in good water and bad, in fair weather and foul. And when he's not fishing he's working on tackle or reading about 29 fishing or planning his next trip. That is what makes the difference between the really serious bass man and the rest of us, for we let petty dis- -- tractions lure us away from the water, distractions wife, job, home, etc. that the bass man tolerates but man- ages to keep in proper perspective. Fagerstrom obviously is such a man, and his enthusiasm for the sport brightens every page. Emphasize sport. Unlike many avid bass fishermen, Fagerstrom dislikes tourna- ments, disdaining competition with other fishermen. He prefers to com- pete with the fish, to match himself closely with his quarry; and, on those occasions when he wins the contest, he seems as often as not to return the fish to the water. He loves to catch big bass, he enjoys a full stringer; but he enjoys the search and the battle more. He finds a greater thrill in releasing that 8-pounder than in waving its dead hulk before his friends. And that makes him a rare and honorable man. It's not, then, that Fagerstrom doesn't have important things to say about fishing as a sport, about the na- ture of the challenge and the rewards we should seek. The problem with this book is that the technical information it contains probably isn't worth the whopping $7.95 (for a paperback!) to an avid Georgia fisherman. For those who collect bass books, however, this might be an interesting addition. Autographed copies (so Fa- gerstrom claims, although my "auto- graphed" copy has no readily appar- ent signature) are available from the author at P.O. Box 27, Silver Lake, Washington 98645. --TCM Outdoor World CAMPERS TO HOLD NATIONAL MEET "Futurecamp" will be the theme of the American Camping Association's National Convention to be held in Atlanta February 20-23. Over 2,000 youth leaders will meet to discuss "today's plans for tomorrow's camp." Dr. Glen Olds, president of Kent State University, will be the keynote speaker at the opening banquet Wed- nesday, February 20. His address will center on a critical analysis of trends of our times, inversion of values and prospects for survival. Activities scheduled include special interest group meetings, seminars, workshops, exhibits and entertainment. Anyone interested in youth and camping is urged to attend the Febru- ary convention at the Marriott Hotel in Atlanta. Further information is available from Allen R. Coggins, Department of Natural Resources, Parks and His- torical Sites Division, 270 Washing- ton Street, S.W., Atlanta, Georgia 30334. -- H Karen . Stroud MARSHLAND PRODUCTIVITY $4000 PER ACRE YEARLY Marine scientists have placed a value of $4,000 per acre annually on natural tidal marshes. James Gosse- link, Eugene Odum and R. M. Pope reported that by-product production, such as fisheries, yields only $100 per acre/year. Potential uses, such as oys- ter aquaculture, which preserves many natural functions of the marsh, yield values of about $ 1 ,000 per acre/year. The potential for waste assimilation is much greater, worth about $2,500 per acre per year. Summing up the noncompeting uses, scientists report that the overall "ecological life-support value" of the marshes comes to about $4,000 per acre yearly. -- Wildlife Management Institute GEORGIA COASTAL AREA DIRECTORY A directory listing outdoor recrea- tion facilities such as golf courses, tennis courts, fish camps, hunting areas, and travel camps is being compiled by the Coastal Area Planning and De- velopment Commission (CAPDC), Brunswick, Georgia. Available facili- CAPDC ties in the eight-county coastal area will be listed in the directory and identified on an accompanying map. The directory will be a valuable aid to travelers who are driving through the Georgia coastal area as well as a valuable source of information for local residents in identifying specific recreational areas. Completion of the directory is expected by the end of the year. SKIDAWAY INSTITUTE GETS POLLUTION STUDY GRANT Skidaway Institute of Oceonography near Savannah, a part of the University System of Georgia, is one of four institutions in the United States which have received grants from the National Science Foundation (NSF) to participate in a six-year international program to learn how pollutants affect plant and animal life in the world's oceans. Chemical pollutants present in the oceans in small concentrations may be concentrated in the marine food chain and thus become a poten- tial danger to man and the marine ecosystem. The project, the Controlled Ecosystem Pollution Experiment (CEPEX), is designed specifically to learn what effects chemical pollutants have on plankton communities. CEPEX will involve investigators from Canada and the United Kingdom as well as from the United States. To obtain natural populations of plankton, the scientists plan to use large, flexible plastic containers which are open to the atmosphere but closed at the bottom. During the experiments, the contents of one container will be altered by adding very low lev- els of chemical pollutants. The longterm effects on the plankton populations will be studied and compared with changes taking place in enclosures which are maintained as closely as possible to their natural state. The levels of chemicals that will be added to the containers are designed to bring the concentrations of pollution up to that expected to be present in the environment in the year 2000. Three prototype enclosures are scheduled to be built, and after a test site is selected, scientists will survey the pollutant baseline levels and the plankton populations in the test area. The test site selected must be sheltered and remote from pollutant sources. 30 must be as nearly typical of open ocean ecosystems as possible, and must have a background of supportive data already available and support facilities nearby. The scientific coordinators of the project are Dr. David Menzel, Director, Skidaway Institute of Oceanography; Dr. Timothy Parsons of the University of British Columbia; and Dr. John H. Steele of the Marine Laboratory, Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Aberdeen, Scotland. FISH SMOKING PROCESS DEVELOPED A University of Georgia food scien- tist, Romeo Toledo, has developed a process for smoking mackerel in an effort to develop processing techniques and marketability for Georgia's underutilized species. Mackerel are plentiful in Georgia waters but are considered mainly a sport fish and are not extensively harvested commercially. Since smoked meats are popular food items, Toledo felt that smoked mackerel might prove attractive to processors and become a desirable market item if he could develop an inexpensive smoking procedure which could maintain uniform taste and tex- ture in every fish. Using a precisely controlled steel- and-brick smokehouse in which he could regulate temperature, humidity, smoke density, and air flow, Toledo eventually found a combination that keeps the meat moist and tender and imparts a proper smoked flavor. First, a cleaned, split mackerel is soaked in a brine solution. Then it is hung in a smokehouse at room temperature and hickory smoke is pumped in for three to five hours. This "cold smoking" hardens the fish surface and seals in moisture. After the cold smoking, the fish is placed in cold storage for 24 hours while the moisture diffuses through the meat. The next day the fish is "hot smoked" at 1 80 degrees for one hour, which cooks the meat, heightens the smoky taste, and colors the surface a honey brown. Taste test panels have been enthusiastic about the smoked mackerel, and two fish processing companies plan to test market it. If response- is good, they will begin producing it for mass distribution. Toledo is also working on processing techniques for other Georgia fishes such as whiting, sea bass, and mullet. He is currently working on a fish loaf made from whiting. The technique involves running the fish through a ma- chine that removes bones and crushes the meat into a pulp. Then, using the pulp as a binder and larger chunks of meat for body, he can form a loaf, cake or sausage that can be baked and sliced. Work on the loaf has been de- layed while the food science depart- ment gets an adequate deboning machine and extruder, but should be per- fected during the next year. REGIONAL SHRIMP STUDY UNDERWAY A comprehensive study of the shrimp industry in North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, and the east coast of Florida will be conducted by the Marine Resources Division of the South Carolina Wildlife and Marine Resources Department. Funds for the study are available through the StateFederal Fisheries Management Pro- gram administered by NOAA's National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), under an agreement reached by the four states and NMFS. The purpose of the study is to com- pile a profile of existing information on the South Atlantic shrimp fishery which will aid state, federal, and in- dustry officials in making decisions affecting the industry. This profile will include identification of shrimp species, fishing methods, seasons, and regulations; marketing; history of the fishery; structure and organization of the industry; research problems and possible management solutions. Simi- lar profiles are being prepared by Louisiana State University and Texas A&M University for the Gulf Coast shrimp fisheries. Because of the availability of facili- ties for conducting the study. South Carolina's Marine Resources Division was chosen by the four states to coordinate the study. North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Florida, and NMFS will provide personnel and other services as necessary to assist in the study. The contract is for the period of June 15, 1973 to June 30, 1974 and provides $40,000 for un- dertaking the study. APPROACH TO SPRINGER MOUNTAIN IMPROVED The Georgia Appalachian Trail Ciub has announced the completion of work it has been doing this year on the approach trail to Springer Moun- tain from Amicalola Falls State Park in northern Georgia. Springer Moun- tain is at the southern terminus of the Appalachian Trail and can be ap- proached only by trail. The Georgia Club's project was to improve the blue-blazed approach trail by relocating it off the U.S. For- est Service woods road onto the heavi- ly forested ridges in the area. This was GATC accomplished by the clearing and marking the two-mile segment of new trail between the cemetery road and the top of Frosty Mountain. This new trail swings well away from the road, traversing a fine deciduous forest with lots of dogwood, and ascends Frosty from the west. The club has also extended the Amicalola Falls Approach Trail from the top of the falls where it used to begin, to the new beginning at the con- cession pavillion near the park en- trance. According to GATC, the new trail sections measure: from the park entrance to the lake dam, 1.1 miles; and from the lake dam to the ceme- -- tery road, 2. 1 miles. A ppalachian Trailway News FOREST FIRMS LIST CONTACTS FOR HUNTING PERMISSION Finding land on which he can obtain permission to hunt is perhaps the major problem facing today's sportsman. Permission to hunt on private lands is difficult to obtain, but perhaps even more difficult is finding the owner of the land to ask permission. Many of the forest industries in Georgia have vast acreages of land which they allow hunters to use if permission is requested. In fact, more than three million acres of industry- owned land are open in Georgia each year, by permission. The Georgia Department of Na- tural Resources, as a public service, has provided a list of forest industries to aid sportsmen in obtaining permis- sion to hunt. The list was compiled in cooperation with the Southern Forest Institute, an association of wood- 31 using industries in the Southeast. Hunters are urged to respect the owners' property and to abide by any company rules. The Department, in publishing this list, does not guarantee that hunting privileges will be granted by any companies or on any lands. The list is provided to inform hunters who they should contact to request permission to hunt on the lands owned by the various companies. The Department also reminds hunters that they must have the permission of any landowner, including forest industries, before hunting. No information is available from the Department as to the location of any lands of any of the companies. Maps of these lands are available from some of the companies. Contacts of the various companies to request information and hunting privileges are: Georgia Kraft Co., Wood and Woodlands Division, P.O. 1551, Rome, Ga. 30161; also district managers, W. J. Rowston, P.O. Box 103, Coosa, Ga. 30129; T. A. Gresham, P.O. Box 272, Gainesville, Ga. 30501; Paul L. Lawrence, Rt. 6, Box 287, Macon, Ga. 31201; J. H. Colson, 625 West Taylor St., Griffin, Ga. 30223; and W. G. Carson, Oconee Development Forest, Greensboro, Ga. 30642. Container Corporation of America, Paper Mill Division, North Eight St., Fernandina Beach, Fla. 32034; also Ed Mathews, Area Forester, Container Corp. of America, Waycross Area Headquarters, Box 887, Waycross, Ga. 31501; Walt Branyan, Area Forester, Container Corp. of America, McRae Area Headquarters, P.O. Box 237, McRae, Ga. 31055; Ed Pope, Area Forester, Container Corp. of America, Cusseta Area Headquarters, P.O. Box 58, Richland, Ga. 31825. Gilman Paper Co., St. Mary's Kraft Division, St. Marys, Ga. 31558; also, J. G. Fendig, Manager, Timber Division, Gilman Paper Co., St. Mary's Kraft Division, St. Marys, Ga. 31558. International Paper Co., George- town, S.C. 29440; also Harold M. Phillips, Area Superintendent, P.O. Box A, Richmond Hill, Ga. 31324; David Warren, Forest Wildlife Spe- cialist for the Panama City Region, P.O. Box 2487, Panama City, Fla. 32401. ITT Rayonier Inc., P.O. Box 528, Jesup, Ga. 31545; also, Thomas E. Evans, Area Supervisor, ITT Ray- onier, Inc., Eastman, Ga. 31023; Luke H. Morgan, Area Supervisor, Supervisor, ITT Rayonier, Inc., Swainsboro, Ga.; Marvin F. Williams, Area Supervisor, ITT Rayonier, Inc., Waycross, Ga. 31501; W. J. Menear, Jr., Area Supervisor, ITT Rayonier, Inc., Swainsboro, Ga.; Slen C. Campbell, Area Supervisor, ITT Rayonier, Inc., Jesup, Ga. 31545. Union Camp Corp., George Gehr- ken, Woodlands Division, P.O. Box 570, Savannah, Ga. 31402. Brunswick Pulp and Paper Co., H. Glenroy Dowdy, Land Manager, Brunswick, Ga. 31521. Great Northern Paper Co., Mr. An- derson, Timberlands Manager, P.O. Box 44, Cedar Springs, Ga. 31732. Outdoor Calendar HUNTING SEASONS -- Deer Archery The open season for hunting deer with bow and arrow in Game Zones I, la, II, III, IV and V, shall be from September 29 through October 27, 1973, in any county, or part thereof, having a legal firearms deer season. Bag limit is two (2) bucks or one (1) buck and one (1) doe. Hunting with dogs prohibited except in such areas and during such times as it may be legal under firearms hunt- ing regulations. The open season for hunting deer with bow and arrow in Game Zone VI shall be from September 29 through October 19, 1973, in any county, or part thereof having a legal firearms deer season. Bag limit is two (2) bucks or one (1) buck and one (1) doe. Hunting with dogs prohibited. Notice: Archery equipment may be used during firearms hunts, however, all hunters must abide by firearms regulations as to bag limits. Deer Firearms Seasons GAME ZONE V: October 20, 1973 through January 1, 1974 in the following counties: Clinch County, except that portion lying in the southwest corner of the County, bordered on the north by the Seaboard Coastline Railroad and on the east by Suwannoochee Creek, and except that portion lying north of Arabia Bay Wildlife Area and between U.S. Highway 221 and U.S. Highway 441, which exceptions are closed: Echols County east of U.S. Highway 129 and south of Georgia Highway 187; and Lanier County north of the Seaboard Coastline Railroad and east of the Alapaha River and southeast of U.S. Highway 221. Bag limit two (2) bucks. Hunting with dogs allowed... October 20 through November 17, 1973 in Ware County, except that portion lying north of U.S. 82 and those portions lying within the outermost boundaries of Waycross State Forest WMA, which are closed to deer hunting. Bag limit two (2) bucks. Hunting with dogs allowed. GAME ZONE VI. October 20, 1973 through January 1, 1974. All counties in Game Zone VI will be open with the following exceptions: that portion of Charlton County lying northwest of the Okefenokee Swamp, which is closed; that portion of Pierce County lying west of U.S. #82 and Pleasant Hill Church Road; that portion of Pierce County lying in the northeast corner bounded on the west by U.S. #82 and on the south by Ga. #32, and that portion of Pierce County lying in the southeast corner bounded on the east by Ga. #15 and on the west by U.S. #82, which por- tions are closed; that portion of Wayne County lying west of Jesup which is bounded on the north by Ga. #169 and on the south by U.S. #82, which is closed. Bag limit two (2) bucks. Hunting with dogs allowed. The marshes and islands lying east of the Intercoastal Waterway in 32 Bryan, Camden, Chatham, Glynn, Liberty and Mclntoch Counties will be open for the taking of deer of either sex on October 20 through January 1, 1974. Bag limit two (2) bucks or one (1) buck and one doe. Hunting with dogs allowed; provided however, that Sapelo and Blackbeard Islands are closed to all hunting except as otherwise specifically provided. -- Fox There shall be no closed sea- son on the taking of fox. It shall be unlawful for any person to take or attempt to take any fox, within the State, by use or aid of recorded calls or sounds or recorded or electronically amplified imitations of calls or sounds. -- Grouse October 13, 1973 through February 28, 1974. Bag limit three (3) daily; possession limit six (6). -- Wild hogs Hogs are considered non- game animals in Georgia. They are legally the property of- the land owner, and cannot be hunted without his permission, except on public lands. Firearms are limited to shotguns with Number 4 shot or smaller, .22 rimfire rifles, centerfire rifles with bore diam- eter .257 or smaller, the .30 cal. Army Carbine, the .32/20, all caliber pis- tols, muzzle loading firearms and bows and arrows. Rail (Marsh Hens): September 10 through November 18. King and clapper rail daily bag limit 15, possession limit 30, singly or in aggregate. Virginia and sora rail daily bag limit 25, possession limit 25, singly or in aggregate. Legal shooting hours will be 30 minutes before sunrise until sun- set. Dove: Georgia has been divided into two zones for the coming dove season by a line formed by U.S. 80 from Columbus to Macon, Ga. 49 from Macon to Milledgeville, Ga. 22 from Milledgeville to Sparta, Ga. 16 from Sparta to VVarrenton, U.S. 278 from Warrenton to Augusta. Northern Zone: December 15 through January 3. Southern Zone: December 6 through January 1 5. Daily bag limit 12, possession limit 24. Legal shooting hours will be from 12 noon until sunset. -- Ducks December 6, 1973 through January 19, 1974, statewide. The general bag limit on duck species shall be five (5) daily and a possession limit of ten (10). This gen- eral bag may not include more than one (1) black duck with two (2) in possession nor more than two (2) wood ducks with four (4) in posses- sion. The season is closed on canvasback and redhead ducks, and on geese, and brant. Extra Scaup Limit: In addition to the scaup which may be taken in the regular duck season daily bag, an extra 2 scaup daily with 4 in possession will be allowed on the east (seaward) side of the Intracoastal Water- way in Chatham, Bryan, Liberty, Mcintosh, Glynn and Camden counties. Coots: December 6 through January 19. Daily bag limit 15, possession limit 30. Legal shooting hours will be 30 minutes before sunrise until sunset. Gallinules: November 12 through January 19. Daily bag limit 15, possession limit 30. Legal shooting hours will be 30 minutes before sunrise until sunset. Mergansers: December 6 through January 19. Daily bag limit 5, possession limit 10. Not more than 1 daily and 2 in possession may be hooded mergansers. Legal shooting hours will be 30 minutes before sunrise until sunset. In addition to the required State licenses, each person, 16 years of age or older, who hunts waterfowl must possess a valid Federal Migratory Bird Hunting Stamp, available from most U.S. Post Offices. -- Opossum October 13, 1973 through February 28, 1974 in Carroll, Ful- ton, DeKalb, Gwinnett, Barrow, Jack- son, Madison, Elbert and all counties No north of those listed. bag limit. Night hunting allowed. All counties south of the above named counties are open year round for the taking of possum. No bag limit. Night hunt- ing allowed. -- Raccoon October 13, 1973 through February 28, 1974 in Carroll, Fulton, DeKalb, Gwinnett, Barrow, Jackson, Madison, Elbert and all counties north of those listed. Bag limit one (1) per night per person. Night hunting allowed. All counties south of the above named counties are open year round for the taking of raccoon. No bag limit. Night hunting allowed. Outdoors it? georgia Send check or money order to: 12 73 Outdoors in Georgia Magazine 270 Washington St., S.W., Atlanta, Ga. 30334 Check one RENEWAL Paste your last magazine address label into space indicated and mail with payment. CHANGE OF ADDRESS Paste recent magazine label into space indicated, show change on form and mail. NEW SUBSCRIPTION Fill out form at right ind mail with payment. Attach recent magazine address label here for renewal, change of address, or inquiry. Name Address City State Zip Code GIFT SUBSCRIPTION Show recipient's name and address in form, indicate gift signature and mail with pay- ment. Sign Gift Card 1 year $3.00 CHECK ONE: 2 years $5.00 3 years $6.00 please allow 60 days for change of address or renewal m