GEORGIA GAME AND FISH 
Published twice annually by the Georgia Game and Fish Commission in the interest of wildlife and for fishermen, hunters, nature lovers, and conservationists. 
S TAT E 0 F G E0 R G lA 
IN THIS ISSUE 
 
ERN EST VAN DIVER, Governor I, 
 
COMMISSIONERS 
 
Richard Tift, Chairm an- Seco nd District 
 
J. T. Trapnell First District 
 
Flannery Pope Sixth District 
 
William E. Smith Third District 
 
James B. Langford , Jr. Seventh District 
 
J . C. Owen, Jr . Fourth District 
 
Alva J. Hopkin s, Jr. Eighth District 
 
Charles L. Davidson, Jr. 
 
Luke L. Couch 
 
Fifth District 
 
Tenth District 
 
James Goethe, Coastal Area 
 
FULTON LOVELL, Director 
DIVISION CHIEFS 
Clifford P. Palmer --------------------- Enfo rcement George C. Moore _________________ _Game Man agement 
Bob Short --------------- Education and Information Fred J. Dickson ___________________ Fish Management Tom Sanders ___ ____________________________ License 
David Gould ---------------- ------- Boating Di vision Vennie M. Jones __________ _____________ Bookkeeping George CreaL ___________________________ _P ersonnel 
FEDERAL AID DIVISION Jack Crockford -------------------- Pittman-Robertson Howard Zeller_____________ ________ _ Dingell-J ohnson 
 
Fu Iton Love II ---------------------------------------President Eisenhower, Gov. Vandiver 
Hunt Georg io Quo iI ------------------------- 
Savannah River Shod ---------------------------Georgia Grows as Booting State ____________ 
 
Page 3 
4,5,6 7 
8, 9 
 
Block Boss Act -------------------------------------- 10, 11, 22 Pollution-The Worst Poacher ______________ 12, 13, 23 
 
Nature Through the Eyes of a Child _____ Trout Streams Walleye Pike Fishermen's Notebook ---------------------------Trout Sc hed u Ie -------------------------------------May I See Your License, Please? ____________ Summary of Low ----------------------------------Reaching Out Doors ------------------------------ 
 
14, 15 16, 17 18, 19 
20 
21 
25 
26 27 
 
COVER 
 
Mole anglers may not agree, but trout fishing 
 
is for from being a man's sport only. Nelly Low- 
 
renee of Atlanta stepped from her cor, onto a 
 
rock at Tallulah River and, presto-a nice brook 
 
trout. 
 
(Photo by Charles Jackson ) 
 
EDITORIAL OFFICES-401 State Capitol , Atlanta 3, Georgia 
 
BOB SHORT Editor 
 
BILL BAAB Assistant Editor 
 
A CY BELK Circulation 
 
FISHING EDITION 
 
Vol. 9, No. 1 
 
Published by the Georgia Game and Fish Commission, 401 State Capitol, Atlanta 3, Georgia, in the interest of Georgia wildlife and for fishermen, hunters, nature lo vers and conservation of natural resources. There is no subscription fee--th is publicat ion is free and is paid for b y the purchase of fishing and hunting licenses. Please notify us at once of any change of address. Contents of this magazine may be reprinted with proper credit. This publication welcomes pictures, drawings, stories and articles dealing with out door subjects for consideration. No contributions will be returned unless solicited by authorized party representing Game & Fish CommissiOn and accompanied by sufficient postage. Entered as third class postage. 
 
 FULTON LOVELL 
NO\N'S The Time 
To Do Your Part 
Sit tight, sportsmen, the celebrated "population boom" is coming and it will effect you just like everybody else. Wildlife experts say pressure on the nation's outdoor recreational facilities will almost double by the year 2000. 
If you're a fisherman who spends an afternoon now and then on a "private" hole on a nearby lake get hospitable-company's coming. And if you happen to be a quail hunter who knows where to find a "secret" covey or two, move over-you may have to share your goodies with someone else. 
All of this commotion over America's unprecedented population increase has caused state and national conservation agencies to concentrate on development of public lands for huntinl!; and fishing. 
The Georgia Game and Fish Department, for example, is advocating more small game hunting on its game management areas. 
Multiple-use has become the byword of the U. S. Forest Service. No longer are foresters devoting their time and energy solely to timber grow ing. They are map ping plans for better game management, camping, hiking and other forms of outdoor recreation. 
There are currently one-half million acres of public lands open to hunting in Georgia. These scattered areas are managed by the Game and Fish Commision solely for the hunting public. However, it is easy to see what will happen if public pressure doubles. There'll be too many hunters and not enough areas. 
For that reason Game and Fish Technicians have gone all out to acq uire more suitable terra firma on which to carry out proven methods of increasing game and fish. 
A good example of this are the Suwanoochee and Talbot game areas, set up a couple of years ago. Game technicians say these areas are busting at the seams with wildlife, even though they once were bare of it, except for an occasional squirrel or cottontail. 
These two areas will soon be open for controlled public hunting and harvestable game up for grabs to the state's sportsmen. 
Federal agencies have strived to gain suitable nesting grounds for waterfowl to assure a continuing supply. Duck stamp money, which is collected by the Department of Interior from all waterfowl hunters, is earmarked for wetland acquisition. 
The whole key to the situation, however, lies with landowners. Twenty years from now, when the next generation is able to find plenty of game, they will have farmers and landowners to thank for it. 
Successful game management is being practiced on many Georgia farms and the results are beginning to show. It may make a tremendous difference when our population "explodes" and sportsmen are asked to move over and make room for many, many more hunters. 
Small game food plants are nurtured in Albany and distributed by the Game and Fish Commission free of charge to landowners interested in improving game populations. If you happen to be one, contact your local wildlife ranger. He'll give you information on how you can get it delivered right to your door and have a trained wildlife technician show you how to get best results. 
Conservationists ask that we do our share to insure future wildlife populations. It's not hard to do, they say. All it takes is a little effort and a willingness to work for the future. 
After all, who wants Georgia to run out of game when the "explosion" comes? 
 
 Quail Hunting in GEORGIA 
 
President Eisenhovver Governor Vandiver 
 
- 
 
~ 
 
Hunting on Pineland Plantation, Gov. Vandiver msas Eisenhower on 
 
bordering Blue Springs home of W. Alton ]ones. 
 
By Bob Short 
 
Georgia quail have cast a spell over President Dwight Ei enhower, noted golfer, hunter and country gentle man from Gettysburg, Pennsylvania. 
Mr. Eisenhower's fondness for quail hunting came to light during a recent trip into south Georgia's quail country, where he and his friends had little difficulty in bagging their limit. 
He was so impre sed with W. Alton Jones' Blue Springs plantation that he wished for the day he could own a imilar chunk of Georgia real estate. 
"Nothing would suit me better," he said, "than to have orne Georgia quail land to hunt on when I retire." 
Mr. Ei enhower and hi party were guests of }one , board chairman of Cities Service, at his plantation in Baker County. 
With the president were hi per onal phy ician, Dr. Howard Snyder; close friend Charlie Jones, head of Richfield Oil ; John H. (Jock ) Whitney, and former Secretary of Treasury George Humphrey, Thoma ville 
Host Alton Jones entertains a guest on his plantation during President Eisenhower's visit to Georgia . 
 
plantation owners; George E. Allen of Gettysburg and Washington, and Mrs. Stan Murphy of San Francisco. 
The pre ident, clad for the occa ion in leather-faced hunting pants, suede jacket and a white turtle-neck sweater, bagged eight birds on his first trip afield. His second try, however, was better. Mr. Eisenhower very adroitly bagged the limit of 12 birds during a seven-hour hunt. 
Jone ' plantation crew prepared a broiled quail and spare rib lunch for the president and his friend and Mr. Eisenhower appeared to enjoy eating quail as much as hunting them. 
 
The Pre sident and Ge orgia Game discuss quail situation on 
 
Lovell 
 
4 
 
One of the president's VISitors during his trip was Gov. Ernest Vandiver, who hunted on bordering Pineland Plantation with his friends. 
Gov. Vandiver and Mr. Ei enhower chatted for almost an hour about such things as quail hunting, budgets, politics and, of course, state and national problems. 
Mr. Vandiver arrived at the home of Game and Fish Commi sioner Richard Tift after his talk with the president impres ed with Mr. Eisenhower's frankness and per onality. 
"We had a nice, friendly chat," Gov. Vandiver said. 
Governor Vandiver exhibiting a keen shooting eye, bagged his quail limit in a few hours. 
 
o stranger to quail hunting, Gov. Vandi er exhibited a keen shooting eye during hi hunts on Pineland . 
Hunting with Tift, Ports Authority Secretary J . W. (Taxi) Smith and the writer, Georgia's youthful chief executive bagged his day's limit in less than three hour . 
Once, when a covey got up slowly, Gov. Vandiver downed four birds off the ri e. It was a neat bit of shoot ing, orne of the finest I have een in a long time. 
Governor Vandiver' party was equally a successful as President Eisenhower' . Be ides Mr. Vandiver, Executive Secretary Peter Zack Geer, a native outh Georgian with plenty of hooting know-how, plantation owner Tift and Game and Fish Commission Director Fulton Lovell brought home the limit. 
Others in the governor's party fared well, too. Game and Fish Commissioners Jim Owen of Griffin, Charlie Davidson, Jr., of Lithonia and James Beverly Langford of Calhoun got their share of birds during the jaunt. 
One of the highlights of the trip for both Mr. Vandiver and President Eisenhower was an opportunity to watch a new breed of retrievers in action. Both worked with a brace of jetblack Flint River retriever , a product of thi area bred especially to serve a retriever of dead bird . 
"We are very proud of the e dogs," Tift said. "There is now an effort being made to register them as a new 
5 
 
 breed with the American Kennel Club. Actually, they're a cross between cocker spaniels and Labrador retrievers. We call them 'Flint River retrievers.'" 
The dogs resemble cockers more than Labrador~ 11nd have all the grace and style of their dominating parents. They possess unusual ability for seeking out dead birds, particularly in thick, heavy cover where scenting ability means the difference between finding or losing a dead bird. 
 
This was not Mr. Eisenhower's first attempt at Georgia quail hunting. He has visited the Humphrey plantation near Thomasville in the past and has undoubtedly enjoyed as much success. However, when he talked with the writer, he appeared to be enjoying a new treat. 
"I've had trouble this morning on some of my shots," Mr. Eisenhower confessed. "I hope I can straighten it out this afternoon." 
The president roamed around the picnic area at lunchtime offering suggestions to the cooks and asking many questions. 
"Why are there no rainbow trout in this spring?" he inquired of Fulton Lovell (with reference to the blue spring after which Jones' plantation is named). 
"The water is undoubtedly too warm," Lovell replied 
 
Jones' pointers were a big hit with the President. 
 
President Eisenhower enjoys eating quail almost as well as hunting them. 
6 
 
and went on to explain that trout are coldwater fish and cannot survive in warm temperatures. 
At one point during his lunch break, Mr. Eisenhower stopped to open a can for one of the cooks. The can opener was GI style, the kind with which he had much experience during his military career. He handled the job like an old mess sergeant. 
When asked if a photographer could make his picture, Mr. Eisenhower replied, "Certainly. I never have been one to turn down having my picture made.'' However, Georgia Game and Fish was unable to accompany the president on his hunting trips and, therefore, could make no action photos in the field. He was completely surrounded by Secret Service agents at all times, even while hunting. 
I wouldn't be surprised if Mr. Eisenhower doesn't visit Georgia's best quail country again- and soon. He may come to hunt or he rna y come to look for that property he would like to hunt on after he retires. 
 
 Savannah River 
 
By BILL BABB 
 
If Stephen Collins Foster had been a shad fisherman, chances are good that his popular song would have been entitled, "Way Down Upon the Savannah River," instead of the Suwannee. 
For the Savannah, especiall y where it flows through the lock and dam near Bush Field Airport near Augusta, is the habitat of what Webster describes as a " herringlike fish"- the shad. 
Scientific name for this fightin g finster is Alosa Alabamae or Alabama shad. 
Veteran shad fishermen have compared this relatively small fish's fighting ability with the tarpon and largemouth bass. But the writer can see no comparison. Once you latch on to a shad, you'll see what I mean . 
Springtime is synonymous with shad in that this period of the year, especially when the water warms to 60 degrees, is the time the fish begin their spawning. 
 
SHAD 
 
Methods of catching the fish vary, but perhaps the 
 
mo t popular way is trolling with a combination of 
 
minute spoons and weighted flys or jigs. Though the 
 
fi h are said not to take any food when on their spawning 
 
run, the glittering spoon and dancing jig will almost 
 
always provoke a strike, perhaps through sheer mean- 
 
ness on the part of the fish. 
 
Dr. Donald R. McRae, Jr., of Augusta found this to 
 
be true last spring when he first was initiated into the 
 
sport. 
 
rod and boat and release more than 40 of the fish. The 
 
Shad, when taken on hook and line- but not neces- 
 
doctor said she was using an unweighted fl y and merely 
 
arily sinker-will give any angler a battle royal. Like a 
 
letting the current sweep the lure along. 
 
tarpon, this fish will leap and cavort over the surface of 
 
Above all, don't horse the fi sh- unless you're using 
 
I 
 
the water, then bore deep. Average size for this fish is 
 
heavy tackle or starving to death . Patience is also a key 
 
three pounds, though bigger ones are known. 
 
word in this sport. Once you have made your cast, don't 
 
To find real sport, try yo ur spinning or fly rod . The 
 
remove the lure from the water even if you don't get 
 
lighter the tackle, the more fight the fish will show-as 
 
a strike for 15 or 30 minutes. Let the river's current 
 
is ttue with most game fish . 
 
do the work for you and , sooner or later, a strike will 
 
Dr. McRae recalled one outing last spring during which 
 
come. A strike from a shad is not like the gentle " tap- 
 
he aw a woman (this is the weaker sex?) using a fly 
 
tap" of a bream, so make sure your arms are firml y in 
 
their sockets and yo u're not leaning over the gunwale 
 
of your craft. And speaking of boats, they're your best bet for good 
catches. The writer has known a few persons who have managed catches from the bank, but during a shad run , boat fishin g nearly always pays off. 
 
As for the best month to fish, March appears to be most everyone's choice, though some runs have been 
 
known to last through early May. Shad also are synonymous with the Savannah as Bob- 
white quail are with Georgia hunters, but this stream is not the only place in the state where one can catch 'em. 
 
The Ocmulgee, Ohoopee, Satilla and Altamaha Rivers 
 
also are blessed with the streamlined battler. So, to test your piscatorial prowess, try the shad. This 
fish will separate the men from the boys. 
 
7 
 
 GEORGIA GROWS 
as boating state 
 
Georgia is a tate interwoven with waterways. It also boa t of more than 40,000 lake , which are used by re ident and non-residents a recreation areas. 
These impoundments range from two-acre farm pond to inland seas such as Lake Allatoona, Clark Hill, Seminole, Burton, Lanier and Sinclair. Mo t are man-made and most all of the larger lakes are u ed primarily for two forms of outdoor recreation-fi hing and boating. 
Boating ha made a tremendous impact upon the state-both recreationally and economicall . 
Though there are less than 300 marine dealer in the tate, Atlanta dealer old 3,300 outboard motor last year. An e timated 91,000 outboard 'vere in use in Georgia b Dec. 31, 1959. 
aturally, if tbe trend toward the adoption of boating a a major famil participant sport continue , the problem of state boating grows with it. It ha been e timated that more than 10 million boat will be usinothe nation ' waterway 10 year from now. 
Leader in th boating field argued pro and con over \ hat ' a the be t thing to do in order to set up rule on afety aAoat to which boater throughout the nation could adhere. 
 
In September of 1958, Congress wrote into law the Federal Boatin"' ct. 
The law, however, made it po ible for each of the 50 states to draw up its own rules and regulation , providing they complied with tho e of the . S. Coast Guard. 
The 1960 Georgia Legislature passed the Georgia Motorboat umberino- Act- after certain revision - and asked the Georgia Game and Fish Commi sion to organize a Motorboat Regi tration nit. 
This unit (or Boating Divi ion ) ' ill see to it that all boats propelled by an engine or motor of more than 10 horsepower are properly registered. 
There ha been much confusio n over certain part of the law, includin" those regarding who will enforce it and what boat need registration number . 
The Georgia registration number cover all boats of any size powered by an outboard motor or inboard engine of more than 10 h.p. The Boating Divi ion of the Game and Fi h Department ha et up a chart of fee for variou ized craft. The fee will be u ed to carry out the program and numbers will be void three year after the date of regi tration. 
 
 The fees: 
5.25 for Class A boats less than 16 feet in length. 
7.75 for Class I boats of more than 16 feet but less than 26 feet. 
10.25 for Clas II boat of more than 26 feet but less than 40. feet. 
$15.25 for Class III boat of more than 40 feet. 
Georgia will use its abbreviation as a prefix and all boater are required by the law to number the bows of their craft with block letter not les than three inches high. 
Here's an example : GA-123-45. This example will be used by other states. For instance, Iorth Carolina will u e C; District of Columbia, DC ; South Carolina, SC, and Florida, FLA. 
nless yo u operate a documented vessel, you must change any number presently affixed to the bow of your boat to comply wtih the Georgia law. The law supercede . S. Coast Guard numbers, Power Squadron numbers, or those of a private club. 
Boaters coming from out of state must record the number with the Boating Division with the date they entered the state. The boating law req uires that out-ofstaters may operate their craft within Georgia's boundaries for a period of not more than 90 days. 
o you want to ell yo ur boat? A new application form mu t be sent to the Boating Division with the same fee by the purchaser of the boat. He will be assigned a new certificate. If a boat owner should move, he must end the clivi ion his new addres within 15 days. His registration certificate will be changed as to his address, but the number will remain the same. 
 
What about commercial pond owners using boats that come under the Act? They must register each boat with the division. A fee of . 1.25 will be charged for the first 20 boats and for those in excess of this number, the owner will be assessed 50 cents. Boats owned for the purpose of renting them to others must be plainly marked, "LIVERY BOAT." 
The Wildlife rangers of the Game and Fish Department will enforce all rules and regulations covered by the Act. However, county sheriffs, their deputies and other peace officers may make arrests. All have the authority to board any boat at an y time without being liable for trespass. 
The law authorizes the Boating Division to adopt any safety rules and regulations necessary. These, however, are not intended to block out current water safety rules, but supplement them. 
Any person violating the provisions of the bill will be charged with a misdemeanor and punished as provided by law. 
The Game and Fish Department will stati on law enforcement personnel at various lakes and streams. These men will be trained to handle 'most any situation that anses. 
In case of an accident on any waters of the state, the operator of each boat involved must give, in writing, his name, address and registration number of his boat to any person injured and to the owner of the property damaged in the crash. If, however, the accident results in the death of a person or more than 100 in property damages, it must be reported to the Commission with full details of the accident. 
 
 Application of the 
BI.ACK BASS act 
 
ABOUT THIS STORY 
It has been estimated that over two million dollars change hands annually from the sale and transportation of illegally-imported game fish into Georgia. This "peddling" of freshwater game species has become a major problem to the state's wildlife rangers, under whose jurisdiction such practices lie. 
Such practices, naturally, make serious inroads into fish populations. For that reason, and to assure each state of a certain amount of protection for its sport fishery resources, the United States Congress passed the Black Bass Act. 
This story diagnoses the purpose of the act, its aims and its application in Georgia and other southeastern stat es . 
 
By D. WARREN LUPTON 
(Editor's note : Warren Lupton is assistant reg ional supervi sor in charge of management and enforcement for the United States Fish and Wildlife Service. Well trained in enforcement work, Mr. Lupton come to the Fish and Wildlife Service's Atlanta office from the State of North Carolina, where he served a s chief of enforcement. Previously, he worked a s hunting manager of Lake Mottomuskett in North Carolina . As on enforcement agent for the Fish and Wildlife Service, Mr. Lupton ha s hod conside rable experience in the applica ti on of the Block Boss Act in the Southeast.) 
 
Since the earliest times in Georgia and throughout the United States, black ba s has been regarded as one of the fin e t game fishes. Soon after the turn of the century, sport fi hermen became alarmed at the inroad on black ba s populations made by commercial fi hermen, who took them in considerable quantities for sale as food in markets throughout the country. A a result, on May 20, 1926, Congre pa sed what is known as the Black Bass Act. Although several states, in an effort to protect their sport fisher y resources, previously had enacted laws prohibiting sale, baTter or exchange of black ba s, these laws were operative onl y within State boundaries. 
The Black Bass Act, among other things, was aimed at preventing black bass from being caught, killed or transported in interstate commerce and later sold for food. In 1952, the provi ions of this Act were amended to include all species of fish. (The term fi sh, is limited to aquatic, gill breathing, vertebrate animals bearing paired fin s.) The only exception to the Act was steelhead trout legally taken in the Columbia River between the States of Washington and Oregon. 
Since World War II, there has been an increasing interest in the construction of both farm and " fee " ponds. As the e ponds increased, so did the demand for live fish, especially adult fish with which to stock ponds. This demand resulted in the development of a new industry whose stock in trade consisted of unlawfully 
10 
 
taken state property illegally transported aero s state lines. Considerable time and effort has been extended by both State and Federal Conservation authorities in curtailing widespread , lucrative, and ever-increasing interstate traffic in unlawfully taken game fi h. Until ver y recently, once live fish illegally taken within the Georgia boundarie were tran ported beyond the State's boundarie , the State of Georgia wa powerles to protect or recover its property. 
In recognition of this situation, the Department of the Interior ponsored a bill in Congress to amend the Black Bas Act o as to fill the loophole in the law which r~r mitted tho e trafficking in illegally taken live fish to operate with impunity. Section 9 of the Black Bass Act read a follows: " othing in the Act shall be con trued to prevent the shipment in interstate commerce of any fi sh or eggs for breeding or stocking purposes if they were caught, taken, old, purchased, possessed, or transported in accordance with the law of the State, District of Columbia, or Territory in which they were caught, taken , sold, posses ed, or transported." 
In summary, the Black Ba Act make it unlawful for any person to deliver or knowingly r eceive for transportation, or knowingly to transport by any means whatsoever from any State, District of Columbia, or through any other State, an y black bass or other fish taken contrary to the laws of the state in which they originated. 
 
 Rang er W . L. Mi xon (left) and Ch ief Mallory Hatchett of Waycross display illega l fish ta ken from a tru ck tran sporting the m into Georg ia. 
 
In other words, black bass or other game fi sh taken anywhere in the State of Georgia in violation of state laws and transported to Florida, South Carolina, or Alabama contrary to the laws of either of these states constitute a violation of the Federal Black Bass Act. 
In the United States District Court for the Southern Di trict of Florida, criminal information was filed on 
1uly 20, 1955, against a Florida fish dealer who deliv- 
ered to the Railway Expres Agency, Inc., for transportation from Sanford, Florida, to Macon, Georgia, 150 pounds of fresh water bream, crappie and bass. The tran portation of these fish was co ntrary to the laws of the State of Florida and violated Section 852, Title 16, 
nited States Code. However, the District Court dismi sed the information on the ground that Florida has no law prohibiting the transportation of the fish described in the bill of information. The only prohibition ao-ain t the same were the rule of the Game and Fresh Water Fi h Commission; and the court further opined that the rules and the regulations of the Florida Game and Fre h Water Fish Commissio n did not constitute the law of the State of Florida. This case was appealed to the United States Supreme Court which ruled contrary to the District Federal Court in Florida. The case wa , therefore, remanded to the Federal District Court and is pre ently pending for trial. 
The above case is mentioned to show that a precedent 
 
has been set insofar as regulations promulgated by the 
 
Georgia Game and Fi h Commission and other 0o-ame 
 
and fi sh commissions throughout the countr y com in o- 
 
. 
 
0 
 
under the purview of the Black Bass Act. umerous 
 
reports of violations of the Black Bas Act have been 
 
received by both State and Federal co nserva tion ao0 -encies in Georgia and Florida. Georgia, of course, permits th e 
 
. sale of game fish taken legally from its privately owned 
 
fresh water ponds and lakes under permit by the Direc- 
 
tor. Game fish being brought into Georgia from Florida 
 
are often sold under this guise. A concerted effort i 
 
now being made to curtail these illegal practices. We 
 
wish to point out, however, that we feel that both Federal 
 
and State Governments could do a much better job in 
 
the protection of fishery resources if there was greater 
 
uniformity among the states with respect to fisher y laws. 
 
We realize, of course, that many of the fisheries' enforce- 
 
ment problems which exists today could not necessarily 
 
be resolved by uniform fishery laws between the States, 
 
but do believe a move in that directi on would be of con- 
 
iderable benefit to aU concerned. The provisions of the 
 
Black Bass Act provide the following: " In addition to 
 
all forfeitures of fish herein provided , any person who 
 
shall violate any of the provi ions of this Act shall, upon 
 
co nviction thereof, be punished by a fin e of not exceed- 
 
ing 200, or imprisonment for a term of not more than 
 
(Cont inued on page 22) 
 
11 
 
 UTI ON the 
 
When you bu y your license to hunt or fish you become a shareholder in a mammoth operation costing, nati onally, upwards of 125 milii on a year. Thirty-five million men and women last year paid just short of 
100 million for these State licenses, exceeding all records on the fishing side of the ledger. Including licenseexempt groups which most States have, there are 30 million fishermen and 20 million hunters in the United States, according to a recent Gallup poll. 
Migrator y waterfowl hunters paid another $4.7 million in Federal duck stamp fees. In 1959, the States received 21 million fr om excise taxes on sporting arms and ammunition and fi shing tackle as Federal aid in their wildlife and fisheries program . These funds are used to pay for better hunting and fishing. 
Blackest villain on the law-abiding sportsmen's list is the poacher- the out-of-season killer or the culprit who exceeds legal bag limits. F or years he has been the contemptible obj ect of fier y jabs by sports writers, conser vation cartoonists, and lecturers. The first game laws were established to put the unethical game hog out of business. 
It' anybod y's guess how much our country's wildlife dimini hed solely because of uncontrolled killing. Even the much deplored overhunting of buffalo only hastened what a changing environment would have accomplished eventually. Game and fisheries management today is based on maintenance of a health y natural environment for the species. 
In this light there is now a poacher in our midst whose destruction of fish and wildlife far outstrips that of the early-day market gunner or fish d ynamiter. P ollution is destroying or retarding fish and wildlife in quantities approaching those maintained b y the 125 million invested by hunters and fishermen. 
Commissioner A. J. Su omela of the . S. Fish and 
Wildlife Ser vice puts it this way: " P ollution of the r ivers of the United States continues to be one of the most critical problems affecting the production of game and food fishes. Moreover , with the rapidl y growing human 
12 
 
population attended b y intensification of agriculture and industry, the utilization of streams for various purposes - including removal of wa te materials- will continue to be a problem of greatest importance. 
" Although complete tatistic are not available, it is considered that the amount of fish and wildlife habitat rendered unproductive each year is greater than that created by public agencies carrying out programs of fish and wildlife restoration. 
" P ollution may affect fish and wildlife adversely in a direct way or it may make environments untenable through harmful effects o n food organi sms, plant cover , or other physical feature present. The recreational enjoyment of fish and wildlife re ources may be seriously impaired or eliminated in polluted situati ons." 
Most conser vation mea ures developed, unfortunately, like "locking the barn door after the horse was stolen." The tragic dustbowl years of the early 1930's frightened a ation into soil-saving action. At the same time orth America's wild duck populations di ved to a perilously low figm e before breeding-ground restoration was inaugurated. U. S. timber land were ruthlessly cut and burned over before selective harve t, fire preventi on, and replanting combined to save our forests. 
But we still abuse and waste a most vital resom ce, water. Experiments with cloud seeding, salt water conversion, and evaporati on control seek to increase available supplies of usable water. Yet we are alarmingly tard y in full implementation of the most economically feasible method to ensure water supplies-treating our wa te to control pollution. As a result, fish and wildlife are drastically reduced, with an accompanying shrinkage of hunting and fishing areas. 
The Public Health Ser vice points out that the country as a whole is 30 year behind with ewage and industrial waste treatment constr uction as related to existing needs. While progre is being made under the Federal Water P ollution Control Act (Public Law 660 passed b y Congress in 1956 ), the needs continue to p yramid because of new polluti on created by the explosive population increase, an unprecedented farm-to-city movement of people, and mushrooming indu trial expansion. 
From records of the Public Health Ser vice in interstate stream investigations the past two years come graphic descriptions of pollution problems in some of our maj or rivers. Of the Mississippi near St. Louis a city water superintendent aid : " Our trouble tarted years ago . The dairy would come to check . . . we would give them a sample of our filter effiuent which is safe to drink because we carry a high chlorine content ; you co uld see their hair almost stand on end fr om that 
 
A t. 
.,.. ., 
 
WORST POACHER 
 
phenol . . . it would burn yo ur mouth . . . our water filter at times is covered with curd of kitchen grease." 
A Missouri Conser vation Commission repre entative testified: "The off-taste and odor in fish has been a major problem since 1944. By 1946 similar rep orts came from as fa r as Illinoi and ince then from throughout the Misso uri secti on of the Mi issippi below St. Loui s- a distance of 316 miles. A commercial fi sherman reported that 90 percent of hi catch was not marketable as a result of the taste and odor problem . . ." 
The Bear Ri ver is the western hemisphere's largest stream which doe not reach a n ocean . It fo rms a giant circle from the Uinta Mo untains of ta h northward into Wyoming, west into Idaho, then outh back into Utah 's Great Salt Lake 90 miles f rom the ri ver 's so urce. For mo t of its 500 miles the Bear i a beautiful mountain stream. In its lower reaches, however, it receives waste~ from a meat packing establishment, vegetable canneries, dairies and beet sugar refin eri e . Several communities add their raw ewage. 
The Missouri Ri ver was described by an Iowa Conservati on Commission offi cer in thi manner : " . . . the tream could be smelled long distances . . . patches of floating <Yrea e olid enough fo r cr ows to r ide on it in the current . . . catfish inedible becau e of a kerosenelike taste." Some 1.5 milli on people depend upon the Misso uri River for their water suppl y. 
In the Pacific orthwest the Columbia River is afflicted with Sphaerotilus, a limy fil amentous gr owth nurtured by pulp and paper manufacturing wastes. To fi hermen who depend upon the Columbia for their livelihoods, Sphaerotilus is a source of increasing econom ic los . Clumps of the slime catch on fi hermen's nets, clog and ink them. The slimes have a r apid deterioration effect. Sport fishermen, too, are ad versely affected. Continued inert acceptance of the Columbia River p ollution will mean the eventual end of the almon industry with it concomitant losses to fishermen, packers, middlemen, and retailers, not to menti on tho e of us who like to eat this delicious fish. 
Of the Animas River in Colorado and ew Mexico the following appears in records of the Public Health 
ervice " . . . for 40 years has been u ing the ri ver bank a a city dump ... raw sewage emptying in .. . ever y conceivable kind of garbage . .. hou ehold refuse, carca e of dogs, cats, deer, elk, and butcher hop , hotel an_d re taurant craps . .. city u es a bulldozer to push th1 garbage into the Anima .. . the animal carcasse do not di integrate quickly." 
More immediately seriou is the recent disclosure that wa te of hi gh radium content from a uranium process- 
 
ing mill were p olluting the Animas. Fortunately, in ve tigations by the Public Health Service brought about an agreement by the processors to r emove the highly radioactive material from their effiu ents before channeling to the stream. evertheless, here is a new threat to our water that could pose maj or problems wherever uranium mills operate. 
o part of the country is without its pollution problem . Br ines from both natural urface deposits and from oil field drillings often contaminate fresh waters, notably in the Arkansas-Red Ri ver basin. The P otomac fl owing through our ational Capital has been called one of our "most polluted, neglected, and least developed " tr eam s. 
P olluti on is not confined to fres h waters. A few months ago the ew Y ork Sun editorialized: "A cheerless prelude to the 1959 bathing season is the di sclosure that some of the city's best beaches are threatened by pollution. Only 36 miles of the city's 400 miles of waterfront are still fit for swimmin g ..." 
(Continued on page 23) 
13 
 
 NATURE 
 
as seen through th~. eyes of a 
 
ature as seen through the eyes of a child is a world of wonder and fascination . .. a world of undreamed-of surprises. Through the unclouded lenses of the eyes of children, the most commonplace events of nature are sharply focu ed on impressionable and receptive minds. 
A seed traveling on the wind on a silken parachute ... a spider web, glistening with droplets of dew . .. the chirping choru of crickets in the autumn dusk. These are the wonders of nature that capture a youngster's imagination and spark ills curio ity. 
Where did the seed come from? How did the spider build its web? How do cricket sing? Finding the answers to questions like these helps a child develop the awarenes of the complexity and beauty of his worldhelp broaden his understanding of the essential value of all livin g things and of the landscape upon which both he and they depend for life. 
But keen though the questing eye of children may be, their powers of observation alone cannot provide sound an wers to the tantalizing que tions about nature that arise in their minds. Answer to these very question have come to mankind slowly. It has taken literally centuries of pain taking ob ervation by a ho t of naturalists and careful research by many cientists. 
 
Even today, bits of knowledge are steadily being added to gradually clarify some of nature's still existing mysteries. 
How, then, can the natural curi o ity of a child concerning the world about him be t be satisfied and nurtured? How can his eager earch for answers, his enthusia tic probing of nature's ecret be encouraged? 
One such way is through participation in clubs- junior wildlife, the Audubon Junior Club, Boy Scouts and Girl Scout of America programs and other organizations whose purposes are to expand a child' knowledge of the 
world about rum. 
Con ervation ed ucation is another way. Classroom activities aimed at probing into nature and its varied conditions and inhabitants awakens young minds and ets them off in the right direction. But many education systems have failed shamefully in providing the instruction and guidance necessary to in till the proper eagernes for nature tudy in today' youth. 
If America' preciou natural re ources are to be used and con erved wisely today' youth must develop an appreciation of their importance and basic concept of proper resource management and development. 
 
CHILD 
 
 ( 
I 
Georgia's 
 
By TERRY MERKEL 
Trout Project Leader 
There was a time, within the memory of some of our trout fishing elders, when it wa virtually impossible to take a trout of " keeping" ize in the north Georgia mountain streams. 
Tho e day , however, appear to be gone forever, thanks to a sound stream survey and rehabilitation program admini tered by the Georgia Game and Fi h Commi ion. 
There are few streams in the vast network of trout waters where an angler cannot expect to catch fi sh. Sue ce ful re-establishment of brook, brown and rainbow trout and stocking according to a predetermined schedule, based on creel census data, has played a great role in improvement of trout fishing. 
Trout angler Jimmie Wikle lands three-pound brownie from Moccasin Creek. 
 
Here's Jimmie Wikle's prize-three-pound brownie from Moccasin Creek. 
Singling out the best 10 streams for brook, brown and rainbow trout i like findin g a need le in a haystack. However, figures are said not to lie. The information u ed to compile the 10 best treams for each specie wa gathered over a five-year period by fi shery biologists. It is based on creel census, data, stream survey results and observati ons of biologist who work exclusively on trout waters. 
 
Rangers Bob Carnes (left), Willis Foster check Wikle's license . 
 
 BROWN 
Jones Creek Etowah River Chattooga River Soquee River ChaHahoochee River Conasauga River Noontootly Creek Dick & Waters Creek Hiawassee River Warwoman Creek 
 
BROOK 
Wildcat Moccasin Tuckaluge Chattahoochee River Darnell Creek Tallulah River Rock Creek Noontootly Duke's Creek Smith Creek 
 
RAINBOW 
Boggs Creek Duke's Creek Holly Creek Conasauga River Jacks River Sahrahs Creek Noontootly Creek Chattahoochee River Wildcat Creek Timpson River Tallulah River 
 
 Walleye Pike 
 
By FRED J. DICKSON Chief, Fish Management 
 
A top fighting fish from the standpoint of Yankee sports fi hermen will be introd uced into some of Georgia' larger lakes thi spring. 
The Walleye, often erroneo usly called a Pike, sometimes attains a weight of 22 pound . Becau e it takes artificial lures readily and is among the finest freshwater " table fishes," it promises to become a very important Georgia game fish. 
 
Some of the lakes in which small fry (newly-hatched ) Walleye will be tocked are Burton, Blue Ridge, Allatoona and Sinclair. 
The idea of introducing walleye into other impoundments that furni h a suitable habitat is not new. Fisheries personnel of the Game and Fi h Commission have been seeking to introd uce the pecies for the pa t several years, e pecially into lake where there is an overpopulation of small yellow perch. 
 
Fishery biologists feel that the walleye, a popular Yankee fish, will soon become an important Georgia game fish . These anglers are fishing for them in a north Georgia Lake. 
 
18 
 
 The walleye has done well in previous experiments of stocking it in Southern waters. Stocking of walleyes increased amazingly in numbers and size in the lakes of the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA ). 
This spring the Georgia Game and Fish Commission plans to buy two million eggs to hatch and stock into Georgia waters. If these introductions prove successful, adults may be taken and moved to other suitable waters. 
The fish's various names, probably because of its numerous, needle-like teeth, include yellow pike perch, walleyed pike, pike and jack salmon. These are all mis nomers, because the walleye belongs to the perch family and not that of the pike. Scientific name for this fish is Stizostedion vitreum vitreum. It is the largest American member of the perch family. 
How can one tell the difference between a walleye and pike? The pike family, including the muskellunge (muskie) and the chain pickerel (jack), has a single dorsal fin located far back toward the tail. The walleye has two dorsal fins which are entirely separate from each other and which is characteristic of the perch family. It can further be identified b y a whitish tip on the lower lobe of the tail and a dark blotch on the mem branes between the last three dorsal spines. In color, the fish are olive-buff, shading to yellowish sides and white belly. The eye is very large in comparison to the eyes of other fishes. 
The walleye appears to prefer moderately deep, cool, clear lakes or rivers, which have rocky shorelines and gravel bottoms. Turbid waters and high summer temperatures apparently prevent the successful introduction of the species. 
The fish reproduce when the water approaches 45 
 
degrees Fahrenheit, spawning in shallow water over rocks, gravel and sand bars. 
Walleyes do not build nests and are known as random spawners-scattering their eggs haphazardly and then leaving them to their fate. 
The number of eggs released per female is great, ranging from 25,000 to as high as 300,000 eggs, depending upon the size of the fish. Approximately 80 per cent of the eggs successfully hatch. The peak of the spawning season usually lasts about two weeks. When hatched, the fry are about 3/ 16 of an inch in length. 
The fry, after the yolk-sac is absorbed, first feed on microscopic plant and animal life for a few days. They supplement this diet with tiny fry of other fishes or even their own brothers and sisters. Nearly everything that moves will attract the walleye. 
Adult fish feed on shad, minnows, small yellow perch, sunfishes, frogs, crayfish (crawdads), salamanders ("lizards") and insects. 
Standard bass-catching tackle is generally used by sports fishermen trying for these fish. Nearly any active underwater plug, particularly one that will r un deeper than average and which has a good wiggle at slow retrieve, will take walleye. 
Since walleyes run in schools, it is possible to take several on as many casts when a school is found. Remember that it is important to fish or troll slowly. Walleye seldom pursue a fast-moving lure. Most of the feeding of the adults is continued to the hours of dusk, dawn and darkness. 
They are usually found in the deeper, shadowy waters among the rocks during the day. 
19 
 
 ~FISHERMAN'S NOTEBOOK-. 
10 
 
5 
 
6 
 
10 
 
FLY CASTING 
 
While fly casting may appear to be difficult, there is nothing about it which the begim1er cannot overcome. It i , for the most part, a re ult of practice and of coordination. To begin with, trip off about thirty feet of line, laying it out in a straight line. Grasp a coil or two of loo e line from the reel in your left hand (l ), and point the rod in a 2 o clock po ition toward the target. Then , with a smooth but brisk upward movement (2) bring the rod tip to a 12 o'clock position. Pause until you feel the tu" of the line as it begins to 
20 
 
traighten out behind you (3) ; then tart the forward cast immediately, pulling down on the line with the left hand to add power (4) . The weight of the line will carry the lure out. To gain di tance, relea e the excess line as oon a a forward momentum i gained. Continue with rod (5), moving forward until it nears position (6 ) . Lifting tip of rod slightly just before the lure hits the water removes slack from the line, and makes the lure land more delicately. 
 
 1960 TROUT SCHEDULE 
 
BLUE RIDGE MANAGEMENT AREA 
ROCK CREEK (Except Mill Creek) 
Live bait and artificial lures 
Directions from Atlanta: Go to Dahlonega, travel 3 miles north on U.S. 19, turn left on Camp Wahsega Road, go 7% miles to Three-Notch Gap, turn right and go 3% miles to Cooper's Gap, turn left and go 4 miles to Hightower Gap, turn right and go 4 miles to checking station. 
May.._.--- Wednesdays and Thursdays-4-5, 11-12, 18-19, 25-26 Saturdays and Sundays-7-8, 14-15, 21-22, 28-29 
June.------ Wednesdays & Thursdays-1 -2, 8-9, 15-16, 22-23, 29-30 Saturdays and Sundays-4-5, 11-12, 18-19, 25-26 
July --- Wednesdays and Thursdays-6-7, 13-14, 20-21 , 27-28 Saturdays & Sundays-2-3-4, 9-10, 16-11, 23-24, 30-31 
August_______ Wednesday and Thursdays-3 -4, 10-11 , 11-18, 24-25 Saturdays and Sundays-6-7, 13-14,20-21 , 27-28 
September__ Saturday, Sunday & Monday-3 -4-5 
NOOI'o!TOOTL Y CREEK 
Artificial lures only; no live bait permitted 
Directions from Atlanta: Go to Dahlonega, travel 3 miles north on U.S. 19, turn left on Camp Wahsega Road, go 7% miles to Three-Notch Gap, turn r ight, go 3% miles to Coo per's Gap, turn left and go 8 miles to Winding Stair Gap, turn right and go 4 miles to checking station. May_______ Wednesdays and Thursdays-4-5, 11 -12, 18-19, 25-26 June ____......Saturdays and Sundays-4-5, 11 -12, 18-19, 25-26 JulY--- Wednesdays and Thursdays-6-7, 13 -14, 20-21, 27-28 August ____ Saturdays and Sundays-6-7, 13-14, 20-21, 27-28 
JONES CREEK (Lower Blue Ridge} AREA 
NIMBLEWILL CREEK 
Artificial lu res only; no live bait 
Directions from Atlanta: From Dahlonega, go 9 miles west Highway 52, turn right at Grizzle's Store, go 3 miles to Nimblewill Church, then go straight ahead 3 miles to Jones Creek checking station. May________ Saturdays and Sundays-7-8, 14-15, 21 -22, 28-29 June _____ Saturdays and Sundays-4-5, 11 -12, 18-19, 25-26 July _______ Sat., Sun & Mon .-2-3-4, 9-10, 16-17, 23-24, 30-31 August..______ Wednesday and Thursdays-3 -4, 10-11, 11-18,24-25 
JONES CREEK 
Live bait and artificial lures 
Directions from Atlanta: From Dahlonega, go 9 miles west on H ighway 52, turn right at Grizzle's Store, go 3 miles to Nimblewill Church, turn right at church, and go 2 miles to Jones Creek Checking Station. 
May_____ Saturdays and Sundays-7-8, 14-15,21 -22, 28-29 June _.____ Saturdays and Sundays-4-5, 11 -12, 18-19, 25-26 July_______ Sat urday, Sunday & Monday-2-3-4 
Wednesdays and Thursdays-6-7, 13-14, 20-21, 27-28 August ____ Wednesday and Thursdays-3-4, 10-11 , 17-18, 24-25 September____ Saturday, Sunday & Monday-3 -4-5 
MONTGOMERY CREEK 
Live bait and artificial lures 
Directions from Atlanta : From Dahlonega, travel 3 miles north on U.S. Highway 19, turn left on Camp Wahsega Road, go 7% miles to Three-Notch Gap, turn left and go 1.7 miles to checking station. 
May ______ Wednesdays and Thu rsdays-4-5, 11 -12, 18-19, 25-26 June _____ Wednesdays & Thursdays-1 -2, 8-9, 15-16, 22-23,29-30 July.__________Saturdays & Sundays-2-3-4, 9-10, 16-17, 23 -24,30-31 AugusL .___ Saturdays and Sundays-6-7, 13-14, 20-21 , 27-28 
CHATTAHOOCHEE AREA 
CHATTAHOOCHEE AND SPOIL CANE CREEKS 
Live bait and artificial lu res 
Directions from Atlanta: Travel 3/ 10 of a mile north from Robertstown on Highway 75, then cross the river bridge, turn 
right and travel lf2 mile north to Chattahoochee River Check- 
ing Station. 
May_ _____ Saturdays and Sundays-7-8, 14-15, 21-22,28-29 June __ -- Wednesdays & Thursdays-1 -2, 8-9, 15-16, 22-23, 29-30 July_____ Saturdays & Sundays-2-3-4, 9-10, 16-17, 23-24, 30-31 August_____ Wednesdays and Thursdays-3 -4, 10-11, 11-18 
Saturdays and Sundays-6-7, 13-14 September___ Saturday, Sunday & Monday-3 -4-5 
 
DUKES CREEK 
Artificial lures only; no live bait 
Directions from Atlanta: Travel 3/ 10 of a mile north from Robertstown on Highway 75, then cross river bridge, turn left, travel 3.2 mi les west to Dukes Creek Checking Station. May_____ Wednesdays and Thursdays-4-5, 11 -12, 18-19, 25-26 June _._______ Saturdays and Sundays-4-5, 11 -12, 18-19,25-26 July ________ Wednesdays and Thursdays-6-7, 13-14, 20-21 , 27-28 August______ Saturdays and Sundays-6-7, 13 -14, 20-21 , 27-28 September__ Saturday, Sunday & Monday-3-4-5 
SMITH CREEK AND McCLURE CREEK 
Live bait and artificial lures 
Directions from Atlanta: Turn right in Robertstown on Unicoi Park Road, travel 3.1 miles east to head of Unico i State Park Lake to Smith Creek Checking Station. 
May _ _ _ Wednesdays and Thursdays-4-5, 11 -12, 18-19, 25-2& June _____ Saturdays and Sundays-4-5, 11-12, 18-19, 25-26 July ________ Wednesdays and Thursdays-6-7, 13-14, 20-21, 27-28 AugusL ____ Saturdays and Sundays-20-21, 27-28 
CHESTATEE AREA 
DICKS AND WATERS CREEKS 
Live bait and artificial lures 
Directions from Atlanta: From Dahlo nega travel north 151h 
miles on Highway 19 to Turner's Corner Checki ng Station. May __________ Wednesdays and Thursdays-4-5, 11 -12, 18-19, 25-26 
Saturdays and Sundays-7-8, 14-15, 21 -22, 28-29 June _____Wednesdays & Thursdays-1 -2, 8-9, 15-16,22-23, 29-30 
Saturdays and Sundays-4-5, 11-12, 18-19, 25-26 July --- Wednesdays and Thursdays-6-7, 13 -14, 20-21 , 27-28 
Saturdays & Sundays-2-3-4, 9-10, 16-17, 23 -24, 30-31 August ________ Saturdays and Sundays-6-7, 13-14, 20-21 , 27-28 September___Saturday, Sunday & Monday-3-4-5 
BOGGS CREEK AND CHESTATEE RIVER 
Artificial lures only; no live bait 
Direction from Atlanta: From Dahlonega travel north 15% miles on Highway 19 to Turner's Corner Checking Station. May ______ Saturdays and Sundays-4-5, 11 -12, 18-19, 25-26 June________ Saturday, Sunday and Monday-2-3-4 July----- Wednesdays and Thursdays-4-5, 11 -12, 18-19, 25-26 
Wednesdays and Thursdays-6-7, 13-14, 20-21,27-28 August ______ Saturdays and Sundays-6-7, 13 -14, 20-21, 27-28 September ___ Saturday, Sunday & Monday-3-4-5 
LAKE BURTON MANAGEMENT AREA 
WILDCAT CREEK 
Live bait and artificial Iures 
Directions from Atlanta : Go to Clarkesville, take Highway 197 and follow the ma in road to the bridge at the Lake Burton Fish Hatchery Checking Station where the permits may be secured from the State Wildlife Ranger. 
May ----- Saturdays and Sundays-7-8, 14-15, 21 -22, 28-29 June _ _______Wednesdays & Thursdays-1 -2, 8-9, 15-16, 22-23,29-30 
Saturdays and Sundays-4-5, 11 -12, 18-19, 25-26 July _________Sat., Sun. & Mon.-2-3-4, 9-10, 16-17, 23 -24, 30-31 
Wednesdays and Thursdays-6-7, 13-14, 20-21 , 27-28 August...______ Wednesday and Thursdays-3 -4, 10-11 , 17-18, 24-25 
Saturdays and Sundays-6-7, 13 -14, 20-21 , 27-28 September__ Saturday, Sunday & Monday-3 -4-5 
MOCCASIN CREEK 
Arti ficial lures only; no live bait 
Directions from Atlanta: Go to Clarkesville, take Highway 197 and follow the main road to the bridge at the Lake Burton Fish Hatchery Checking Station where the permits may be secured fro m the State Wildlife Ranger. 
May _____ Saturdays and Sundays-7-8, 14-15, 21 -22, 28-29 June _________Saturdays and Sundays-4-5, 11-12, 18-19, 25-26 July - -- Wednesdays and Thursdays-6-7, 13-14, 20-21 , 27-28 August._____ Saturdays and Sundays-6-7, 13 -14, 20-21, 27-28 September- Saturday, Sunday & Monday-3 -4-5 
DICKS CREEK 
Live bait and artificial lures 
Directions from Atlan ta: Go to Clarkesville, take Highway 197 :!nd follow the main road to the bridge at the Lake Burton Fish Hatchery Checking Station where the permits may be secured from the State Wildlife Ranger. May __ ____ Wednesdays and Thursdays-4-5, 11 -12, 18-19, 25-26 
 
 Ware Sheriff R. E. Lee !left) helps wildlife rangers seize truck load of illegal Florida Fish transported into Georgia. 
BLACK BASS ACT 
(Continued from page 11 ) 
three months, or by both such fine and imprisonment, in the discretion of the Court." 
Those persons having knowledge of the illegal transportation of game fish into the State of Georgia as well as from Georgia to another State are urged to report such violation to their nearest State Conservation Of. ficer or to the Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife, Room 631, Peachtree-Seventh Street Building, Atlanta 23, Georgia. Your co-operation is earnestly solicited and most sincerely appreciated. 
22 
 
 POLLUTION 
(Continued f rom page 13) 
One example of what pollution does to marine life was given not long ago by the director of the Oyster Institute of America : "From my knowledge of the industr y in various coastal States, we estimate there are at least 100,000 acres of oy ter g1ounds and clam beds which are not now being u ed becau e of pollu ti on, a lo s of probably $15 million per year to the industry." 
One ad vance in the approach to water co nser vati on is noteworthy. We have learned that all uses and users of water mu t be considered. In former years, pollution was regarded a a public health concern . 
In the three years ince President Eisenhower signed Public Law 660 much has been done to encourage and a sist the State in fi ghtin g pollution. 
Research, a network of stream sampling stations, technical assistance, program grant , enforcement in cases of interstate stream pollution, and constructi on grants to cities for building sewage treatment plants-all are embraced in the Act. State appropriations fo r pollution control have increased an aggregate 44 percent as a result of the $3 million annual progr am grants. Con structi on grants totaling $140 million fo r fi cal years 1957, 1958 and 1959, have resulted in some 1500 new sewage treatmen t plants completed or under con truction. Cities have put up their own local funds in a ra tio of better than four-to-one in receiving thi F ederal aid . Conference and hearings involving eight maj or wa ter ways, held under the interstate enforcement function of Public Law 660, have re ulted in agreements for building remedial works to abate pollution that will co t over 400 million. 
Despite these important gains, however, much higher levels mu t be reached if water pollution control is to be brought into balance with new pollution resulting from population growth and industrial expansion. T o catch up by 1965, municipalities should spend about 575 million per year. While need in industry are not as completely indexed, the Pub- 
 
lie Health Service believe at least an equal expenditure for industrial waste treatment facilities will be requ ir ed. 
No longer can we afford the type of pollution abatement which "locks the barn door after the horse is tolen." The problem calls for prevention r ather than cure insofar as new pollution is concerned. States seeking new indu try, for example, should make sure the incoming indu try guarantees to maintain water qu ality before operating permits are issued. Interagency planning between State health depar tments, con ervation departments, water resources boards, a nd industri al re lat io n s boards can strengthen the State vanguar d against polluted waters. 
P ollution is an ugly, creeping menace which often doe not make itself immediately ev id e nt. Bio l og i c al changes resulting from this invader in lake, stream, or estuary may be a 
 
long time developing. But once a stream or other surface water dies, an equally long time may be required to restore natural beauty and productivity, even after waste treatment gets under way. The waste treatment it elf entails much preliminary planning, paper work, surveying, etc. The cost of complete sewage treatment in the average city is less than 25 cents per per on per month, according to the Public Health Service. 
You, the fisherm an and hunter, in vest 125 million a year in fish and game. At the same time you sacrifice to pollution game bags and fish creels potentially much larger than yo ur present field and stream " take home pay." Indu trial and city, State and Federal government leaders need citizen-backing to r ound out the job of pollution control. Get in the fight for clean waters and , at the same time, help your elf to better fishing and hunting ! 
 
This bass could have been caught-but it wasn't-The fish was killed by pollution . 
 
 Game and Fish Department Gets Two Unusual Deer Trophies 
 
Two unusual trophies will hang in the offices of the State Game and Fish Commission, both the results of 
GAME LAWS ALL HUNTERS NEED TO KNOW 
Opening dates begin with sunrise and closing dates end at sundown on dates specified. 
It is unlawful to hunt in Georgia while under the influence of any intoxicating beverages. 
Each Deer and each Wild Turkey killed must be reported in writing to the Georgia Game and Fish Commission with five (5) days. 
Firearms for Deer are limited to shotguns loaded with slugs or No. l buckshot or larger, or to rifles using any center fire cartridge .22 calibre or above with the following exceptions: .25-20; .32-20; .30 Army Carbine; .22 Hornet or .218 Bee. 
It is illegal to kill or possess the meat of any female deer, except in counties where the taking of doe is legal. 
When hunting rabbits, squirrels, opossum, raccoon, it is unlawful to use or have in possession for the purpose of so hunting shotgun shells, if using shotgun larger than size No. 4 shot, or if hunting with a rifle, shells larger than .22 calibre. 
Regulations on Migratory Game such as Doves, Ducks, Geese, Brant, Rail and Coot are the same as Federal Regulations, which must be published as soon as established. 
Regulations as to hunting, trapping and fishing in the Management Area of the Chattahoochee National Forest, are promulgated jointly by Federal and State authorities and will be published when established. 
Shotguns must be plugged to limit them to a capacity of 3 shells on both Native Game Birds and Animals and Migratory Birds. 
Hunting hours-Sunrise to Sunset. Exceptions- Raccoons, Opossum and Fox. 
 
a process of nature you often hear about but seldom see. 
The heads of two buck deer, found locked in mortal combat, are in the process of mounting and will be displayed to prove such things do happen. 
The deer, one an eight pointer, the other sporting 15 points, were found by two Roanoke, Ala., Boy Scouts on Blood Mountain near the state's Chestatee management area. 
Larry Crozier, age 12, and Wayne Wilson, age 11, of Troop 26 found the bucks with their racks so tight they were unable to set them free. The eight pointer was dead. The larger deer, however, was quite alive but spent and scarred from the battle. 
"We stabbed the larger deer with an icepick to put it out of its misery," the scouts reported. "The other one was already dead, but still warm. The only thing we knew to do was to turn them over to our scoutmaster." 
The scoutmaster, Jimmy Jackson, also of Roanoke, took the deer to the Chestatee checking station and turned them over to Game and Fish Commission rangers. 
The 15-pointer weighed in at 217 pounds, the smaller one at 182. 
" We often hear of bucks locking horns in a fight but very seldom do we see the living proof," said Game and Fish Director Fulton Lovell. 
"These trophies will be given to a taxidermist, mounted and put on display in the State Capitol," he added. "We feel that, since this occurred near one of our management areas and is along our lines, we should be the ones to keep the heads and not the Boy Scouts or the Parks Department." 
TEETH TELL DEER'S AGE 
You can't be sure of a deer's age by the number of points on its antlers. Tooth succession is the best index to age. Every deer that is killed on hunts managed by the Game and Fish Commission is aged by this method. 
 
NEW U. S. FOREST 
OPENS FOR GEORGIA 
A proclamation by the President has established three new national forests: the Oconee (96,000 acres ) in Georgia; the Tombigbee (65,000 acres) in Mississippi, and the Tuskegee (10,800 acres) in Alabama. 
The U. S. Forest Service, which has its regional headquarters in Atlanta has administered the lands since 1953. The new forests are former land utilization projects ad ministered by the U. S. Department of Agriculture since their purchase in the 1930's for rehabilitation under the Bankhead-Jones Farm Tenant Act. 
In the same proclamation, the President also ordered boundary modification of Georgia's Chattahoochee National Forest by adding 11,084 acres to its existing boundary. 
The new Georgia forest is located in Jasper, Jones, Putnam, Greene, Oglethorpe, Morgan and Oconee Counties. It was named for the Oconee River which flows nearby. 
All of the new acreage added to the Chattahoochee Forest is located in Whitfield County, near the Georgia-Tennessee boundary. 
Dub Lovell Wins 
Toccoa Ranger Award 
W. L. (Dub) Lovell, popular wildlife ranger in Rabun and Habersham Counties, has been awarded the Toccoa Deer Hunters Club's annual achievement award. 
Presentation was made by Game and Fish Director Fulton Lovell at the Toccoa Club's annual barbecue, held on the Lake Burton management area during the first deer hunt. 
Ranger Lovell, 33, has been with the Game and Fish Department for seven years. He resides in the Goshen Community in Habersham County. 
The award is given each year to the management area district ranger who has contributed the most toward conservation. Ranger A. C. Aber nathy of Robertstown was last year's wmner. 
 
24 
 
 May I See YOUR LICENSE Please? 
 
The finan cial foundation of a tate game and fish department as operated toda y rests upon the power of the tate to impo e the purchase of a licen e on any citizen who would hunt or fish. 
Tradition ha built a trong case for thi form of financing, and it will undoubtedly continue despite academi c seminars on the theor y that such fund s should come from the tate's general fund. 
The universal problem plaguing administrator is that finances do not keep up with demands for expan ion. 
Resource management become increasingly compli cated, year by year. With greater hunting and fi bing pressures, there come a demand for more area dedicated in whole, or in part, to wildlife. Thi , in turn , creates the need for fi h and game manager , biologist , laboratories, and a great deal of expen ive equipment. They all add up to a need for more revenue. 
In debating all the fin e points of managing wildlife and implifying reo-ulation to make the public happy, the ource of fund s to carr y on conservation activities is often overlooked, not only by th ose with fuzzy cheeks ju t out of school, but by orne of the old-timers. 
The ucces of collectin g license fee lies not so much in the requirement a in the fact there are rangers or conservation offi cers or game protectors to enforce the law. If it were not for the field warden con tantly checking hunting and fishin .,. licen es, revenues would shrink to a pittance. 
egative factor of law enforcement have been argued ad infinitum, the brush cop approach, etc., but in the field of game and fish there are a few facts of life which should be kept in mind b y tho e who wish to ee orne progre s : 
 
Law enforcement, although it has negative aspect , is a part of tool of game and fish management. 
Regulations are a rotating device, another management tool, whose compliance is supervised by rangers. 
There would be many pecies of game extinct, for all practical purpo e , if law enforcement did not constantly combat commercialization and the greeds of individuals. 
The fact that from 25 per cent to 30 per cent of most game and fish budget are earmarked for law enforcement clearly indicates that man y o-called sportsmen are not the conservationists they pretend to be. 
The ranger, in spite of hi role as enforcement officer, still is a front man in public relation . What he ays and doe determine to a large degree the tanding of the department in his area. 
The need for wildlife co nservation became apparent during the pa t centur y due to the commercialization and ecological chan ge . At that time 
 
re trictive laws and their enforcement seemed the logical answer. It wa a good start, but time has proved that other factors and tools mu t be considered and become ingredients of the total con ervation effort if it i to be a success. 
Game and fi sh managers mu t be appreciative of what law enforcement contributes and, in turn, the ranger mu st recognize the necessity of other programs besides his own. All should remember that the ource of funds will dry up under the present sy tern of finan cing unles someone is out in the field asking, "May I see yo ur licen e, plea e?" 
25 
 
 COMMANDMENTS OF SAFETY EVERY HUNTER SHOULD KNOW 
1. Treat every gun with the respect due a loaded gun. 
2. Guns carried into camp or home, or when otherwise not in use, must always be unloaded, and taken down or have actions open; guns always should be carried in cases to the shooting area. 
3. Always be sure barrel and action are clear of obstructions and that you have only ammunition of the proper size for the gun you are carrying. Remove oil and grease from chamber before firing. 
4. Always carry your gun so that you can control the direction of the muzzle even if you stumble; keep the safety on until you are ready to shoot. 
5. Be sure of your target before you pull the trigger; know the identifying features of the game you intend to hunt. 
6. Never point a gun at anything you do not want to shoot; avoid all horseplay while handling a gun. 
7. Unattended guns should be unloaded; guns and ammunition should be stored separately beyond reach of children and careless adults. 
8. Never climb a tree or a fence or jump a ditch with a loaded gun; never pull a gun toward you by the muzzle. 
9. Never shoot a bullet at a flat, hard surface or the surface of water; when at target practice, be sure your backstop is adequate. 
10. Avoid alcoholic drinks before or during shooting. 
 
Spin Casting Popular, Easy to Do 
Spin casting follows much the same pattern as bait casting, at least in the forward and backcasts. To start the cast, the lure should hang about six inches b~low the tip of the rod. Catch the line under your forefinger, and press it firmly against the rod. Depending on your style of reel, back the pick-up finger or the bail to an out-of-the-way position, and you are ready to make the cast. Begin with the rod aimed in the general direction of the target (1) . With a quick, firm wrist motion (2), bring the rod up to a 12 o'clock position (3) and stop it there. The weight of the lure will continue to flex the rod backward. You should start the forward cast immediately (4) with a smooth motion, releasing the line from under the forefinger. As the forward cast is made, you should follow through (5 ) to the starting position. When the lure nears the target, touch your forefinger to the rim of the spool to stop the excess line from peeling off. This completes the cast. 
Trout Color Better in Light 
Environment has much to do with the color of trout. Those from clear, open streams usually are lightest. Dark or shaded waters produce darker fish. Pink or salmon-meated trout are from waters in which the fish feed on such color-producing food as fresh water shrimp. 
 
License Fees 
COMBINATION: Hunting and Fishing ________________________ _$ 3.25 
FISHING: Resident ------------------------------------ 1.25 Resident Shad ------------------------------ 1.00 Residents under 16 years of age ___________ ____ _None Residents 65 years of age and over - Honorary 
hunting and fishing licenses required Non-resident ----- -------------------------- 2.25 Non -resident Shad --------------------------- 10.00 
 
HUNTING: 
Resident ----------------------------------- 2.25 Residents under 16 years of age _____________ ___None 
Residents 65 years of age and over - Honorary hunting and fishing licenses required 
Non-resident State Season (Small Game ) ________ 10.25 Non-resident Big Game _____ _---------------- 10.25 
 
ROUGH FISH BASKET: Resident ------------------------------------ 1.10 
 
TRAPPING: 
 
State Resident --- --- --- --- ------- ----------- 3.00 
 
Non -resident 
 
25.00 
 
26 
 
 CHING OUTD 
 
By BOB SHORT 
EditoT, GeoTgia Game ancl F ish 
Outdoor Writers Win Governor Awards 
 
Outdoor writers play an important r ole in con ervation education but their toil too often goes unrewarded . 
Henceforth, however, fi ve of the tate' best writer of outdoor tories will be rewarded at the annual Governor's Awards Banquet, sponsored by the Sears Foundation. 
The kickoff banquet in June saw John Burke, outdoor columnist for the Savannah Moming ews; Bill Baab, formerly with the Augusta Chronicle; Charles Elliott, Atlanta Constitution columnist; Ra y Anthony, outdoor writer for the Columbus Enquirer, and Bill Allen, beloved conservationist and outdoor writer for the Atlanta Journal , receive the first Governor's Awards ever given Georgia' outdoor writers. 
From these five regional winners emerged an outtanding outdoor writer, cho en to receive the coveted tate award. 
The tate winner wa a big secret at pre s time and we hesitate to name him in fear that our doing so may poil a hu h-hush secret. 
chairman of the selecti on co=ittee, I must say it wa a diffi cult task for u to select a state winner from such a distinguished group. Each regional winner ha done a tremendous job of teaching conser vation through the newspaper medium. 
* * * 
Here's an outdoor oddity: 
Wildlife rangers D. W. Shuptrine and W. T. Hewitt, while patrolling the Altamaha River during high water, potted a rabbit sitting on a barrel floatin g in the water. 
Forty days later, the same two ran gers saw the same rabbit itting on the same barrel in the same river. 
Both aid a willow tree j u t above the cottontail 's head wa tripped of its foliage. 
How Ion <>" can a rabbit live on a makeshift diet? Evidently over 40 days. 
 
John Taylor, Jr. , a percentage fisherman, says there's a reason why 10 per cent of the anglers catch 90 per cent of the fish. 
" It' becau e that 90 per cent know more than a few tricks of the trade," Taylor insists. 
Some angler may alread y know the e tricks, but if they don 't it probably wouldn't hurt to give them a tr y next time. 
If you know that when the barometer is high (above 29.9), with other conditions normal, the be t fishin g will be on or ver y close to the urface; 
If you know that when the barometer i low (below 29.9), the fish will be at or near the b ottom; 
If you know that fi h are often choo ey and that there is no perfect lure; 
If you know that varying the pace of retrieving a lure often gets results when a stead y retrieve won 't ; 
If you know some of the old stand-by time tested lures for each pecie of fish ; 
If you know that in a teady breeze fi shing will he best on the lee heres during the first two hours of da yli ght ; 
If you know that after the two initial daylight hours fishing will he best on the windward shores; 
If you know the temperature ran <>"es most favorable to each specie of fish ; 
If you know the contour of the lake bottom, the bars, the drop-off , the deep holes, etc. ; 
If you know or endeavor to learn more of each species of fish, it habits, characteristics, and food preferences- 
Then, yo u, too, can be of that respected, magical and highly uccessful 10 per cent and say, " Phooey to fisherman's luck. " 
 
 GEORGIA GAME AND FISH COMMISSION 
412. STATE CAPITOL BUILDING 
ATLANTA. GEORGIA 
Aoquisi:tions Division The University Li'bra:ti The Un!.1te:r8ity- of Qeo-:t'gia 
.AtherJB, Ga. ' 
2 Cop1.e s 
 
SEC. 34 . 66 , P . L. & R . 
U . 5. POSTAGE 
PAID 
ATLANTA. GA. PERMIT NO. 155 
 
The Georgia Game and Fish Commission is interested in information on fishermen and _their favorite fishing waters in the State. Please complete the blank below, clip it out and mail to Georgia Game and Fish Commission, 401 State Capitol, Atlanta, Georgia. This will enable us to plan for future needs and help "shorten the time between bites." Please fill in the blanks as accurately as you can. 
 
Mail to: STATE GAME & FISH COMMISSION 401 STATE CAPITOL ATLANTA 3, GEORGIA 
 
County________________ 
 
Total number of fishing trips each year_ __ Number of fishing trips on large reservoirs_______ Number of trips on ponds,______ Number of trips on rivers and streams,_ __ Number .of trips on trout streams,______ Number of saltwater fishing trips_______ ~lease underline the species you fish for most often : BASS_CRAPPIE_BREAM_MOUNTAIN TROUT_ _OTHER_ _ _ _ __ 
 
Remarks: 
 
Name -----------------------------Address --------------------------