DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY AND GEOLOG ICA L D E V ELOPMEN Vol. 4 ATLANTA, GA., APRIL, 1934 No. 4 PAPER MILL CONSTRUCTION THRIFTY PLANTATION OF GEORGIA NAVAL STORES MEN RESTRICTED BY CODE SLASH PINE IN N. GEORGIA PRACTICE GOOD FORESTRY Modification Sought to Encourage Development .of Industr y in South and t.o Help Country to Attain Independence in Paper Supplies Through the leadership of Senator Richard Russell of Georgia supported by other Georgia representatives, an amendment to the paper and pulp code has been sought to the end that the south may not be hampered in developing paper mills, made possible by the discoveries of Dr. Chas. H. Herty that southern pines are adapted to the manufacturing of newsprint. Since the purpose of the Chemical Foundation in financing Dr. Herty's work is to free this country from dependence on foreign countries for its paper supplies, and since Dr. Herty's discoveries have pointed out a way to achieve this independence, it would seem that nothing should be done to discourage the attainment of this independence in the shortest possible time. While it is contended that the code as it exists does not forbid the construction of new mills, it is held on the other hand by Senator Russell that long and tedious negotiations under protest of the established industry would be necessary in setting up a plant in the south. At a hearing on the proposed amendment, Dr. Ilierty said that southern producers would have a $15.17 a ton advantage over foreign manufacturers on newsprint delivered at New York City. He pointed out that 70 per cent of the newsprint used in this country is imported. That the northern paper mills of this country, now importing pulpwood, are unable to meet foreign competition was revealed when a paper mill representative testified that only 35 per cent of the existing production capacity of mills in the United States is now utilized. Slash pine planted in Hart county on the Thinning, Planting and Protection farm of W. B. McMullen, hundreds of Practiced by Operators on Their miles from its native habitat, is making Holdings in Area Surveyed by excellent growth. Three growing sea sons Federal Agencies in Southeast have passed since the pines were planted Georgia by DuPre Barrett, Extension Forester. The young pines have attained 6 to 9 feet of height in rows 7 to 8 feet apart and trees According to a report made by the 6 feet in the row. Southern Forest Experiment Station, a Measurements were made in March of survey has revealed that many naval stores this year that showed a number of trees operators of southeast Georgia are engaged have grown 40 to 50 inches in height last in improving their forest holdings. Out of season. The stand is almost perfect. The 29 reports received, 11 operators have practwo-acre planting was made on poor, eroded land that had been abandoned for agri- ticed thinning or planting, or both . The cultural crops. area thinned by 9 operators amounted to Eight additional acres have just been 3,173 acres. Six operators reported p lant- planted to loblolly pines on a field adjoin- ing on 980 acres. ing the sla sh pine area. An excellent op- The survey had covered by March 1 all portunity is thus afforded for comparing stills in Ware, Atkinson, Clinch , Charlton, sla sh and loblolly growth on the Piedmont Glynn, Brantley, Pierce, Bacon and Cam- Plateau region of north Georgia. den counties. The SGuthern Forest Experiment Station says : "The canvass aims to cover all t ur- pentine stills and, so far a s possible, all gum producers not operating stills in every county in the naval stores belt in the southeast. From these contacts, comp rehensive and detailed data on ownership, production, yield and woods and stilling practices will be obtained. This information will be used to supplement and check the data tak- en by the forest survey crews in running their lines through this region." It is appropriate to state, in this connection, that the naval stores operators in this region surveyed are credited by competent forestry authorities familiar with the en- tire naval stores belt, with being leaders in adopting not only good forestry practices, but improved methods of distillation. Many of them belong to the timber protec- tive organization set up by the Georgia Forest Service for fire protection. Fire Hazar d Recorder An instrument has been developed that will automatically record the percentage of moisture in the duff on a forest floor, and the wind velocity. The records of the instrument reveal how combustible the forest litter is and the wind velocity, thus determining how severe a fire would be and what measures to use in combatting it. Slash P ine, Hart county, P lanted 3 yearsExtension Fores ter D uPre Barrett with yard stick measures one year's growt h. Buckeyes and Bees The flower of the buckeye is considered poisonous to bees. Los Augeles cou nty, California, was using the buckeye for reforestation when the agricultural commissioner of the state intervened on beha lf of t he honey industry which is important in that section. 2 FORESTRY-GEOLOGICAL REVIEW Forestry-Geological Review . Published Monthly by the DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY AND GEOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT State Capitol, Atlanta C. A. WHITTLE, Editor Forestry Division B. M. Lufburrow, State Forester and Secretary of Commission~~Atlanta C. A. Whittle, Educational Mgr.,~~~~Atlanta H. M. Sebring, Asst. State Forester, Atlanta E. B. Stone, Jr. Dist. Forester~~~~Gainesville C. B. Beale, District Forester~~~~~~Waycross W. D. Young, District Forester~~~~~~~~~~~~Rome Jack Thurmond, District Forester, ~~~-~~-~-~~----~--~~-~~---~~----~~~-Savannah C. N. Elliott, District Forester~~~~~~Augusta H. D. Story, Jr., District Forester.~~~Albany W. G. Wallace, District Forester~~Columbus Mrs. N. N. Edwards, Secretary ~~~~~Atlanta Mrs. R. S. Thompson, Treasurer~~~~~Atlanta Geological Division R. W. Smith, State Geologist~~ ~~~~~~Atlanta G. W. Crickmay, Asst. State Geologist, ~--------~--~~~~-----~---~-~~-~~~~~~~~~--Atlanta Miss Margaret Gann, Clerk~-~~~~~~~~~~~~Atlanta Extension Foresters Bonnell Stone, Chairman, ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Oxford Dupre Barrett, ~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Athens K. S. Trowbridge, ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Tifton CAPT. I. F. ELDREDGE TELLS OF TIMBER SURVEY WORK The plans and purposes of the timber survey now in progress in the south under the direction of Capt. I. F. Eldridge, with headquarters at the Southern Forest Experiment Station, New Orl.eans, were presented by Capt. Eldredge at the annual meeting of the Railway Development Association of the Southeast held at Atlanta March 14 and 15. As a result of the strip survey now in progress, Capt. Eldredge stated that reliable information would be available to railroads and anyone else, giving the amount of available saw timber, trees of turpentining size, pulpwood and other resources of the forests, not only at present, but for the future, as determined by growth rate of trees. . He stated that reports on the first Georgia units of the survey would be available in six months. Wrecked Motorist (opening his eyes): "I had the right of way, didn't I?" Bystander: "Yeh, but the other fellow had a truck." Seeing a gasoline engine apparently reasonably priced in a catalog, a prospective customer wrote, saying, "Send engine No. 1336; if good will send check". The firm replied, "Send check; if good will send engine." FOREST CON'SERVATION OBJECTIVES SOUGHT UNDER LUMBER CODE Harvesting and Protection Measures Become Operative June 1-Great Step in Forestry Involved Effective June 1, Article 10 of the Lumber Code, dealing with forest conservation practices, becomes effective. It is a great step forward toward sustained yields, the goal of foresters. No part of the lumber code received higher approval of President Roosevelt than this. The basic rules for the conservation of timberland of the country as a whole, established by the Lumber Code are as follows: 1. Protection of standing timber and young trees from fire and other destructive forces. 2. Prevention of damage to young trees during logging operations. 3. Provisions for replanting the cleared land after logging, if sufficient advanced growth is not already present. 4. To leave, where feasible, some portion of the merchantable timber as a basis for growth and the next timber crop. 5. Partial cutting or selective logging shall be the general standard of forest practice. A premium for the practice of sustained yields under these rules is awarded in the form of a 10 per cent increase in quotas of production. These general rules are to be adapted to the requirements of terrain and climate in each regional division and sub-division under the code. These adaptations must be filed with the Code Authority by April 15. ADMINISTRATION The enforcement of the rules is assigned to the Code Authority of each code division which is required to set up an agency, or agencies, on forestry practices with nonvoting public advisory representatives (state, federal and farm extension services) to formulate and enforce necessary rules of forestry practice. Future timber leases are to be made subject to provisions of Article 10 and are enforcible against both operator and owner. Old leases will be enforced with due conconsideration for ownership equities. Willing to Sacrifice Gooseberries and Currants Blister rust is a deadly white pine disease. The rust goes through two stages of development, one on the white pine, the other on gooseberries and currants. In the campaign of eradication in Connecticut, J. E. Riley, state leader in blister rust control, announces that 7 out of 8 farmers readily consented to the destruction of their gooseberries and currants. CONTROL COMMITTEE FOR NAVAL STORES PRODUCERS Jacksonville, Florida, Selected as Headquarters With Carl Speh as Secretary in Charge. The committee to administer the naval stores code was chosen by ballot and announced in early March. The membership, according to code agreement, was to consist of three producers from Georgia, three from Florida, one from North Carolina, one from Alabama, and one from Mississippi, Louisana and Texas. The members of the committee are as follows: W. L. Rhodes, Estill, S. C.; W. 0. Wingate, Ocilla, Georgia; George Van, Augusta, Ga.; W. B. Gillican, Homerville, Ga.; A. F. Bullard, DeFuniak Springs, Florida; E. A. McCloskey, Lake City, Florida; R. L. Black, Gainesville, Florida; M. C. Stillworth, Mobile, Alabama; and R. M. Newton, W\iggins, Mississippi. An advisory committee, allowed by the code, is made up of two consumers, two factors and two dealers. Herbert L. Kayton, Savannah and H. M. Wilson, Jacksonville, represent the factors. The initial meeting of the committee was held at Jacksonville, Florida, March 7, at which time R. M. Newton, Wiggins, Miss., was elected chairman; A. R. Gillican, Homerville, Ga., vice chairman; E. A. McCloskey, Lake City, Florida, treasurer and Carl F. Speh, Jacksonville, secretary. E. M. Sessoms, Jacksonville, has been appointed as representative of the Secretary of Agriculture. Jacksonville was selected as headquarters of code administration. EFFECTIVENESS OF FOREST FIRE PROTECTION SHOWN According to the Un_ited States Forest Service, only 1.1 per cent of protected units of productive forest lands of this country were burned over in 1932, while 93 per cent of lands burned over was outside of protected units. Thirty-eight states co~operate with the federal government in fire protection under the Clarke-McNary Act report approxi- mately 223,000,000 acres of state and private forests or potential forest land under some form of organized protection. The area is 55 per cent of the forest land class- ed as needing fire protection. The protected lands burned over in 1932 amounted to 2,904,350 acres, of which 498,970 acres are classed as not having a productive value, while 38,410,000 acres of unprotected forest lands were burned over. The number of fires reported for pro- tected units of state and private lands for the year 1932 was 55,575 as against 56,443 in 1931. FORESTRY-GEOLOGICAL REVIEW 3 GEORGIA FORESTRY ASS'N. STANDARD TURPENTINE a bonus for superior work is essential. In- MEETS AUGUSTA, MAY 10-11 PRACTICES RECOMMENDED spect periodically and rate the work of woods riders for comparison. Keep records May 10 and 11 have been selected as the dates for the annual meeting of the Georgia Forestry Association to be held at Augusta. The meeting of the executive committee, The Southeastern section, Society of American Foresters, at a meeting held November 11, 1933, adopted standards for turpentine practices. That portion referring to woods practices is as follows: of production and costs per crop. SCRAPING-Avoid slabbing wood from faces. Punch scrape at each dipping is probably good practice. Use winged scrape box for low faces and push up bucket for held at Augusta, over which President T. G. Woolford, Atlanta, presided, selected Dean Paul Chapman of the State College of Agriculture as a new member of the TREE SELECTION-Use a 9-inch min- high faces. imum diameter limit. (There may be a lati- DIPPING-Dip at least every 4 streaks. tude of 1 inch to 1% inch, depending on Where possible dip on 2 streaks. A wood growth rate of trees. Good 8 inch slash dip paddle is recommended for zinc, alumi- committee. The office of Secretary Bonnell runs 40 barrels, poor 9% inch longleaf num and painted cups. Stone was moved from Atlanta to Oxford, runs only 35 barrels. RADIO UTILIZED FOR FIRE where Mr. Stone resides. Eliminate poor trees such as spike top- CONTROL ON GEORGIA FOREST Two prizes were offered to promote the ped, badly leaning, and .suppressed trees --- forestry project in vocational agricultural with under 25 per cent cr. length. Select The Superior Pine Products Company, schools, one for $75 to the teacher doing side under the best developed part of crown. with headquarters for its 200,000 acre Su- the best work and another $50 to the stu- Avoid placing faces over scars. wanee forest at Fargo in Echols county, dent with the best record in forestry, these HANGING CUPS-Use rustless or rust- has adopted the radio system of communi- to be designated as "Herty prizes" in bon- free cups and aprons. Scribe face width at cation in forest fire control. or of Dr. Chas. H. Herty. 1-3 breast high circumference or 12 inch From a broadcasting tower at Fargo, Plans for a membership drive presented maximum. Expose little or no wood below contact is made with forest patrolmen who by Roland Turner, Atlanta, were approved. tins. Set cups level. Restrict incisions for carry radio communication sets. Very quick A program committee consisting of T. G. tins to less than the depth of the streak. communication is thus provided and quick Woolford, Atlanta, Bonnell Stone, Oxford, Install cups as low as practical. concentration of fire fighting crews at and Thomas Hamilton, Augusta, was select- Hogals are helpful in preventing heavy points of fire outbreaks are made possible. ed and suggestions for the program were slabbing for seating cups. Gutter chisels or . Radio adaptation to forest patrol w~rk discussed. The committee on exhibits consisting of broadaxes ' the depth and mauls maintain c of the incisions better otnhtar~1forveee-r~l Is a Pine rPercoedn~tctdsevCeolomppmae~nyt and is to t~hee cSonugpre~ntuo-r C. N. Elliot, Augusta, J. M. Mallory, Sa- hand broadaxe strokes. lated on Its progressiveness m adoptmg vannah, and Lee Trimble, Augusta, was ap- WORKING TREES -Height of face 1 the method. pointed. Forest and Erosion Control "Torrential and unreasonable run-off must be changed to stabelized flows bearing the irreducible minimum of sediment and all evidence available indicates that shall be 14 inches to 16 inches each season.[' EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES Depth of streak shall be 5-8 inch for slash OF WORK WITH CCC'S of 3-4 inch for longleaf. This may be modi-~ fied for rapidly growing slash. The peak angle shall be 130 degrees for the first three years, not sharper than 90 degrees thereafter. In the absence of definite know- ledge a square streak is recommended. Cut streaks weekly, except that double streak- h InC~ ~~ndbook for ed~cat~. onal advisers . .m t e IVIhan C?ns~rvabon orp~ camps, IS- sue~ by the office of educatiOn .of the Umte~ States Department of I~;eriO~, the fo~lowmg statement . of the Dommant ing is permissible in June and July (and Aims of the EducatiOnal Activities" is forests are prime agencies in attaining this August). result. Maintain shoulders at the same level. given: "Building wherever possible upon the ac- "The menace of soil erosion annually as- Keep chipping tools sharp and well cut tivities already under way, the aims of the surnes increased and more alarming pro- out. strengthened and broadened educational portions. Not only is a precious heritage Use a chip paddle which covers tins and program are: of productive top soil slowly moving into less usable forms and locations, but river channels, reservoirs and other engineering works,. and fertile farm lands at lower elevations gradually are being depreciated by deposits of sediment for which there are no practical means of removal." - L. F. Kneipp. Animal Insect Enemies Important to Tree Life Moles, mice, shrews and skunks play an important part in controlling insect enemies of garden, orchard and forest. A threatening insect to tree life is the Japanese beetle which entomologists have found are eaten avidly by moles, mice, cup. Cut an advance streak not later than February 1. Keep shoulder lines straight. BACK FACES-D. S. F. S. places a second face when a 4 inch and an 8 inch bar can be maintained. A third face may be cut if 4 inch bars are maintained. The rest period depends upon growth rate, number of faces planned and ultimate size of tree desired when the last face is completed. Ordinarily this will be 4 to 10 years if 3 faces are desired and a 16 inch tree is wanted after it is worked out for turpentine. Two faces shall not be worked concurrently. RAISING-Raise preferably yearly depending on economic conditions. 1. To develop in each man his powers of self-expression, self-entertainment . and self-culture. 2. To develop pride and satisfaction in cooperative endeavor. 3. To develop, as far as practicable, an understanding of the prevailing social and economic conditions, to the end that each man may cooperate intelligently in improving these conditions. 4. To preserve and strengthen good habits of health and of mental development. 5. By such vocational training as is feasible, but particularly by vocational counseling and adjustment activities, to assist each man to better meet his employment problems when he leaves camp. 6. To develop an appreciation of nature and country -life- ." - - - shrews and skunks. These animals were placed in captivity and found to prefer the grubs of Japanese beetles to other natural food placed before them. The conclusion is Tack in streaks (or) Restrict incisions to depth (or) 1-4 inch radial "A man has no natural right to inherit good land and pass on a waste of gullied hillsides to those who come after him. We are not complete owners of the soil, but that these animals are to be valued and Drive tins in jump peaks. only trustees for a generation."-Arthur protected as a means of insect control. SUPERVISION-Close supervision plus E. Morgan. 4 FORESTRY-GEOLOGICAL REVIEW PROGRESS OF FOREST SURVEY poorer. Instances, however, are of record IN NAVAL STORES BELT The forest survey conducted by the United States Forest Service in the south is directed by Capt. I. F. Eldredge with headquarters at the Southern Forest Experiment Station at New Orleans. Capt. Eldredge was formerly manager of the Superior Pine Products Company with headquarters at Fargo, Georgia. The following, from "Southern Forestry Notes", issued monthly by the Southern Forest Experiment Station, tells of the progress of the work: The allotment of funds from various emergency organizations of the government has made possible a large increase in the number of crews working on the Forest Survey. At present there are 16 crews in the field. These crews are covering a total of nearly 220 miles of line a week. In spite of this seemingly huge weekly area covered, there is many years' work ahead before the long job for the whole South is done. At the present time, following completion of most of Louisiana Unit No. 1 (the bottomlands west of the Mississippi and north of the Red river) of 5,000,000 acres, work is being concentrated in the naval stores belt in the Southeast, and on a special job on the Clinch river watershed in the Tenne2see Valley. There are now 13 crews in the Southeast, and 3 in the Tennessee Valley. At this rate it will take about five months to complete field work on the naval stores units of S. E. Georgia, N. Florida, and S. FORESTRY QUESTION BOX Do dead forest tree's do any harm to the living trees? They harbor injurious insects and diseases; increase the fire hazard, and when blown over by storms, they damage living trees. If there is no local market for the dead wood on the farm for fuel or lumber, and the cutting of such timber is a dead expense, the felling of the dead trees is beneficial enough to the forest to merit the cost. Does a farmer who cuts or hires the cutting of his own trees to produce lumber for use on his own farm, have to obtan permission from lumber code authorities? No, not as long as the products are used on the farm, but if any timber is cut for sale, or the products enter the market, then permission must be obtained from code authorities. What is the latest date I can cut timber without running the risk of an outbreak of the southern pine beetle? In the southern part of the state, cut before March; in the northern part of the state, not later than March 15. It would be safer if the last cutting dates were two weeks earlier than those mentioned. It is the odor of fresh cut wood that attracts pine beetles, and as soon as they become active in the spring, they will flock to where fresh cut wood is found. where grazing slash pine lands on well drained soils has shown greater tree growth than on an adjoining area ungrazed. The explanation apparently is that the grazing reduced competition of the trees with grasses for the supply of moisture, and possibly for plant food. CHECK DAMS FOR GULLIES ENGINEERS' SPECIFICATIONS Erosion control is receiving more attention under the impetus given by the present federal administration to forest and soil conservation, than ever before. A number of Civilian Conservation Corps are giving their entire time to erosion control where land is badly gullied. How to dam the gullies so that they will fill up and at the same time control water flow so that no gullies will be made in the future, is not as simple a matter as many people think. According to the agricultural engineers of the U. S. Department of Agriculture, the dams should be lower in the middle so that water will not cut away the earth at the sides, make new channels and destroy the effectiveness of the dam. Nor should the dams be too high, according to these authorities, else the water will overflow the sides of the gullies and around the ends of the dam and start new gullies. It is also advised that the ends of the dams extend into the banks far enough to prevent water seeping around and starting washing around the ends of the dam. W. South Carolina. It is hoped to obtain additional funds to complete the whole 46,- What insect has damaged the pine PUERTO RICO'S TIMBER 000,000 acres of the primary naval stores twigs? (Specimens of infected twigs sub- PRODUCT SUPPLIES SCANT belt within 8 months. mitted) The completion of the Survey in this important region of the south is of vital importance to the naval stores and other forest industries, since the data obtained by The State Bureau of Entomology identifies the damage as that caused by the tip moth. The insect lays eggs in the growing buds. The larvae, or worms, hatched out In Puerto Rico the population is 440 to the square mile, or more than 10 times the average in continental United States. Timber products are at a premium in the survey as to trees available for work- feed on the tips of the pine shoots and de- that territory, according to the United ing, present requirements, drain, yield, re- stroy them. Aside from retarding growth States Forest Service. placement, forest practices, etc., will be and modifying the developments of the Charcoal is the principal, or almo.st the t~e. basis for many of the regulatory pro- branches, no other harm results from at- only fuel. It is made from small trees cut VISions of the Control Board of the indus- tacks of tip moths. from the island's depleted forests. Con- try under which each naval stores produc- J 1 struction timber comes from the Pacific er or stiller must operate, and will give Does pruning young pines make them the fundamental data for long time plans grow faster? northwest. for the several industries interested. If not pruned too heavily the trees make Trees grow rapidly in Puerto Rico. A more rapid height growth, but the diam- plantation of Australian pine 10 years old Lookout Mountain Now National Park Lookout Mountain, close to Chattanooga, has become a part of the Chickamauga- eter growth is likely to be slowed down by pruning until the crown makes up for the lost limbs with their foliage. Tree growth is most rapid where there are the most leaves. has grown as much as 57 feet high and is estimated to contain a volume of 32.2 standard cords of wood per acre. Mahogany, cedro, and other trees are expected by the Forest Service to yield timber crops in 30- Chattanooga National Park. The added Will heavy grazing check the growth of year rotations, and some "fast-growing spe- area is 3,000 acres already developed by planted pines? cies" are said to produce cordwood at the private interests headed by Adolph Ochs, publisher of the New York Times, and former resident of Chattanooga. This valuable addition to national parks was do- Evidence indicates that on moist lands, where carpet grass is luxuriant and where livestock graze heavily, the tramping of the cattle injures the feeding roots of pines and rate of 5 cords per acre per year in a 5year rotation. The Loquillo National Forest is under- nated and accepted by the National Park retards growth more than on sloping lands taking to help meet the great needs of the Service the first of this year. where the soil is not so soft and grazing is island for timber products. FORESTRY-GEOLOGICAL REVIEW 5 SECOND DISTRICT E. B. Stone, Jr., Dist. Forester Gainesville E. C. W . ITEMS Camp SP-1, Indian Springs The most important project of the month has been the entrance bridge at the south entrance of the park. The new bridge now under construction is of reinforced concrete, stone veneered, an elliptical arch of 77 foot span, over Opothoholo creek just above the old mill. The Museum Building will be completed within and without by the end of the month and is one of the most attractive buildings to be found anywhere in the State. than on foot. This camp has suppressed a number of forest fires and is ready at all times to render assistance in controlling any fire that occurs in their zone of operation s. Camp P-79, Cornelia This camp js busy with the comp letion of 2 fire lookout towers which will form an important part of the fire protection system being built up in Habersham, White, Hall, Rabun, and Banks counties. Work is being rushed on completion of truck and foot trails now under construction and all oth er projects. A t horough system of signs has been erected on all truck and foot trails which have been constructed. This camp has also assisted in the suppression of fo r est fir es in the ir section a s needed. brook for st irring; up interest, rounding up orders and assistance in planting. Hart cou n ty is t hickly settled and is not supplying the fuel needs of farms from existing forests, not to mention farm needs fo:: lumber, fe nce posts, etc. It is not unusual to see coal piles at farm houses. The county has considerable abandoned and eroded land not suited to agricultural crops whi ch should ce growing timber. 'J;'he se ntiment in favor of increasing the timberlands in P.:art county is growing, and one can expect that the high class and progressive citize nry of that co unty wi ll so:ve its forestry problems. Transplanting Cedars For plantings on the Nixon state forest in Richmond county, the district forester through the cooperation of E. H. Thomas vocational agricultural teacher of Nancy Hart Consolidated Scho ol in P.:art co unty, obtained 5,000 cedar seedlings. The cedars were taken from an area under natural r eforestatio n. State Fcrest Inspection Planned Those who attend the annual meeting of t h e Georgia Forest Association in Augusta during May, will be afforded an opportunity to visit and inspect the Gwinn Nixon State Forest, where progress in forest iml provement, planting, protection and land drainage will be seen, and plans for the future explained. New M useum building at Indian Springs erect ed by CCC men. FOURTH DISTRICT W. G. Wallace, District Forester Columbus Camp SP-2, Vogel Park 1 Work is being pushed with all possible speed on completion of the new stone veneer tea room and it is planned to have t his structure comp leted by April 1st. We also have under construction several smaller structures in various parts of the park which will be completed during the current month. The Jake site for the proposed dam project has been cleared and plans are all ready to begin construction of the dam it- Camp P-69, Commerce This camp is carrying on at an increasingly active pace in an effort to complete all projects now under way by April 1st, which is the end of the second 6 months' work period. A large number of miles of truck trails, foot trails, have been constructed together with 2 forest lookout. towers. The telephone lines, and towers, are for use in fire co ntr ol work which is planned t~ cover all or part of the folio~- Work Finished Warm Springs ECW Camp Abandoned During the past nine months the CCC camp at Warm Springs has completed practically all of the originally planned project, which it was estimated would take at least twelve months to finish. Excellent work has been done by these sturdy young men and they may well be proud of what their labors have accomplished. The work project under Superintendent self as soon as the new work period opens. This dam across Wolf creek about 3 miles north of Nee! Gap w ill f orm a lake cover~ ing approximately 30 acres and will greatly mg counti es: Banks, Jackso n, _Hall, MadI- Lamar Flowers is an outstanding memorial I son and Clark. We ~eel :hat this c~mp has to the leadership of Mr. Flowers and his don~ an excellent JOb m co~p l etm~ . t.he corps of technicians and foremen. Capt. p~oJects as. und ertaken and. Its activi~Ies Russell B. Reynolds has aided and con- add to the attractiveness of this unusually will result m much better fire protectiOn scientiously guided the CCC personnel, as interesting part of the north Georgia moun- over a large area. camp commander, throughout the entire tains. Camp P-73, Towns County Several new truck trails are now under THIRD DISTRICT duration of the camp, and has always shown a deep interest in t he welfare of his men and camp. con struction and a ll roads previously con- C. N. Elliott, District Forester The combination of good fellowship and structed are being maintained so as to put Augusta personal interest which has been manifest- them in first class condition for use during ed by the entire personnel has resulted in the summer months. There are a lso several Tree Plantings in Hart County the construction of a system of firebreaks, foot trails under way and a thorough job Hart county has carried on an aggressive truck trails, towers and telephone lines of erecting proper direction sign s on both pi n e planting program a nd as a r es ult 11 3,- that will enable the land owners of over the truck and foot trails is nearing com- 0'00 ~l ob loll y pir,e s pu:~h ase d from the 50,000 acres of forest land in the Pine pletion. The construction of these truck state nursery at Albany, w~re set on 49 mountain TPO, to efficiently protect their and foot trails has made accessible areas farms. More would have been planted had timberlands from fire. which were formerly absolutely inaccessi- more seedlings been available. Your district forester is anxious to see ble by any method of transportation other Much credit is due County Agent West- if these land owners realize w hat a tt:ul l{ 6 FORESTRY-GEOLOGICAL REVIEW ~reat service has been done fo~ them, a~d 1' us~d CCC b~ys for motive power in oper-1 has worked up some real interest in those if they are going to show the1r apprecm- atmg the dnver. two counties, and reports frequent and tion. 1 The pile driver proved successful and is lively meetings of the board of directors. Taylor-Talbot TPO Reorganizes a real asset in bridge construction work. He has already signed up an additional A splendid meeting of the members of Type Mapp:ng 20,000 acres to the existing 140,000 acres of the Taylor-Talbot TPO was held in the Since ECW work started last summer, that T. P. 0. courthouse at Butler recently for the pur- 600,000 acres of timber type mapping has pose of electing new officers and learning been completed in the Savannah district. The T. P. 0. is sawing lumber in more about the benefits and work of the Timber type maps are most essential in Appling county to construct two 100 foot organization. The following new officers fire protection, forest management and lookout towers. These towers will be the were elected: W. J. Butler, president; T. J. naval stores operations, for they not only patented split ring type, designed for the Fountain, vice president; G. C. Daniel, sec- show timber types, but topography as well, forest service by the Timber Engineering retary-treasurer. which is very essential in that it gives a Company of Washington, D. C., who have Very good results have been accomplish- good general idea of what is available in loaned us plans and specifications for ed bv this organization in fire protection combatting forest fires, such as open fields, same. and it is to be expected that much better streams and roads. Treutlen county has E. C. W. Items results will be obtained in the future due to been completely mapped and contains 165,- Superintendent Dyal, P-60, Colesburg, greatly increased interest and construction 000 acres of land. has completed laying submarine cable of adequate primary firebreaks by the lo- Turn .Out the Company across Cumberland river to Cumberland cal CCC camp. Recently, a lookout stationed in tower island, and shortly the island will for the The Butler CCC camp has been retained No. 3, Long county T. P. 0., called the first time have telephone connections. The for the third period in order to finish the camp and stated that it would be necessary Carnegie estate, which owns the island, has system of firebreaks and towers originally to turn out the whole camp, including cooks loaned the camp a boat until the line is planned. and K. Ps., as the world seemed to be on completed. They are served by the tower, fire. On investigating the call, the camp now at Hermitage, which will be moved SIXTH DISTRICT Jack Thurmond, Dist. Forester superintendent found that the lookout had this summer to Cabin Bluff on Cumberland mistaken the moon rising over the flat- river. woods for a monster forest fire. Savan_nah With spring drawing near, the fire season will soon be over, and no one is prouder No Raking Turpentine Trees SEVENTH DISTRICT of this fact than the CCC boys and their C. Bernard Beale, Dist. Forester foremen. They have made a gallant show- =-------------------.....! The Soperton Naval Stores company, which has some 14,000 acres of timberland Waycross ing this winter and rightly deserve the 1 praise which landowners have given them. under fire protection in the Treutlen coun- The Okefenokee T. P. 0. in southern Few realize just how bad it is to be warmly ty timber protective organization, does not Ware county is merging with the already tucked in bed and hear the fire whistle rake around and burn off the woods in vast area of the Consolidated T. P. 0. of pierce the dark hour of midnight, and have turpentine operations. Mr. Jim L. Gillis, Clinch, Lanier, Atkinson and Ware coun- to crawl on a truck to ride 20 miles in the who is manager of the company, has been ties. The Consolidated T. P. 0. will now cold-but not one ever failed to answer the actively engaged in protecting his timberland from fire since 1929 and has attained consist of some 440,000 acres, reaching call-even with some enthusiasm. good results and especially in growing young turpentine timber. Mr. Gillis does not rake his trees and says that by not from Lakeland east to Waycross, and from the Okefenokee swamp north to the great Satilla river. They are employing Mr. J. 0. RULES FOR IMPROVING PINE HARDWOOD FORESTS GIVEN raking and burning he gets at least onethird more gum and a better grade of rosin. Rodgers, Homerville, as full-time secretary- ' treasurer, and have ten 100 ft. steel look- For guidance of CCC workers in forest out towers in the area, all connected by T. improvement, the Southern Forest ExperiP. 0. telephone lines. Mr. Rodgers is con- ment Station issued a bulletin in which Fire protection, as administered by the stantly on the job signing up additional measures for handling shortleaf-loblolly Georgia Forest Service costs about 5 cents acreage and collecting assessments. He is hardwood forests are given. Species to be per acre per year in the Treutlen T. P. 0., a frequent and welcome caller in the dis- favored are shortleaf and loblolly pine, red of which Mr. Gillis is a member, and if he trict office. and white oaks and redgum. raked his timber that he is working for "The best trees", says the bulletin, turpentine, it would cost 20 cents per acre per year and he would receive one-third less gum and a lower grade of rosin, to say nothing of the damage to his young tim her, if allowed to burn. Mr. Gillis finds that it is most profitable for him not to rake and burn his timber in turpentining; and since he has been following the above practice for the past three years, has greatly reduced his operating costs and increased his production without cupping any increased acreage. The Camden County T. P. 0. is offering a reward of $100.00 to any person causing the arrest and conviction of anyone setting fire to any of the T. P. 0. lands, and Secretary-Treasurer Karl Meschke, of the Georgia Forest Products Company, has had 1,000 signs printed to be posted throughout the protected area telling the world of this fact. Less than 1 per cent of the protected land in Camden county has burned this season. "should be selected as crop trees. even if this makes the spacing a bit short or long in some instances." A table is given showing spacing for dif- ferent sized trees as follows: Average diameter Distance Trees per Breast high- between 1-10 acre all trees trees Inr:hPH Feet NumiJe'r 4 8 68 6 10 44 8 12 30 E. C. W. News This office has a heavy demand for T. P. 10 15 20 The distance between trees is approxi- The members of Camp P-53, Liberty 0. individual contract forms, especially mately the average distance between the county, have just completed a 50 foot from those areas employing full time secre- crop tree and its 3 nearest neighbors. bridge across Bird branch which has open- taries. J. T. Clark, formerly camp super- While thinning is the main improvement ed up some 25,000 acres of T. P. 0. lands intendent of P-68, abandoned camp at measure, the treatment should include refor fire fighting. They used a homemade Douglas, is wide awake on the job as sec-~ moval of inferior species, the crooked or dc- pile driver for putting' in the piling and retary of the Coffee-Jeff Davis T. P. 0. He fective specimens of desirable species. FORESTRY-GEOLOGICAL REVIEW 7 our State, as well as a chance to become MINERALS OF GEORGIA familiar with the natural beauty of this section. It is surprising to note the differ- Brief Accounts of Occurences and Developments of the State's Leading Minerals ence in the people as well as in the scenery as we pass a:cross from Walker county in the Appalachian valley in the northwest Reported by THE DIVISION OF GEOLOGY corner of the state to Towns county in the center of the Appalachian mountains near the northwest corner. Many quaint and in- SCOUTING FOR MINERALS FOR ing for new mineral deposits. Our instruc- teresting characters are encountered, and THE T.V. A. tions were to locate in a central town in their view of life, usually very freely giv- By J. S. LEWIS, Jr. Since my appointment as geologist for the T. V. A. I have been repeatedly asked each county and go out with the various property owners who knew, or thought they knew, that they had mineral deposits. We were to obtain as much information about each deposit as possible, including en, are interesting and often amusing as well as informative. Observation of some of these characters gives one a slant on life that can't be obtained in a city or even from books. the following questions: "What is the T. its location with regard to known points, Various attitudes with regard to the in- V. A., and why is it interested in the min- its proximity to railroads and other roads, vestigation are also encountered. We find eral deposits of North Georgia?" the condition of these roads, the size of the one property owner who has a mineral de- The writer is not here concerned with deposit, its mining conditions, and its pre- posit and who is sure that we are going to giving a detailed answer to the first ques- vious development. This information, to- pay him a fabulous sum just as soon as we tion. He will leave that to those whose gether with samples of the material, was to see the deposit; it takes quite a bit of ex- ;;tore of information is more abundant be sent to the headquarters of the T. V. A. planation to convince him that we aren't and whose gift for setting down details is The survey included Bm'tow, Cherokee, buying anything. The very word "mineral" much greater. Suffice it to say that the Pickens, Towns, Floyd, Haralson, Walker, seems to convey the idea of large sums of Tennessee Valley Authority is an organiza- Catoosa, and Chatooga counties. The time money. Many of these people do not stop tion created by Congress for the purpose available in each county permitted only a to consider that often the cost of operating of supervising and conducting the develop- few of the deposits to be visited. Indeed, a mine would far exceed the value of the ment of the Tennessee Valley area. It the investigation hardly scratched the sur- deposit, even though the mineral itself is interested not merely in building several As is usual in an investigation of this might be valuable. Then we encounter the huge hydro-electric power plants but in the kind, much time was wasted in visiting property owner who has "indications" of a complete social, agricultural, and economic properties reputed to contain mineral de- mineral occurrence. Nothing of any conse- development of the valley area. posits but which proved to contain little, quence is visible, but an old miner has told The second question is much more easily if anything, of value. him that he has such and such a mineral answered. As stated above, the T. V. A. From the above listing of the informa- on his property. Much time can be wasted is interested in the economic development tion to be gathered, together with the fact here. We also find the ~ecretive type. He of the area. This development includes the that no prospecting was done, it might is sure that he has a deposit of value and if bringing of new industries into the valley. seem that an investigation of th:s kind he isn't careful he will be cheated. Cheap power will be available for the hy- would be very monotonous. Such is far From the above it might be construed droelectric plants and much of the labor from the case. Perhaps a description of a that I mean to cast a reflection on the in- now used rather ineffectively in agricul- typical day might not be amiss: telligence of these people. Nothing could ture could be employed in manufacturing, etc. Naturally enough, the capitalists in all parts of the country who 1nay be considering a project in the area are interested in knowing just what natural resources are available not only in the area but in the surrounding territory close enough to be drawn upon. Therefore, the T. V. A. is interested in finding out what commerc:al minerals exist in north Georgia, and the quantity, availability, and previous and present development of these minerals. C. W. A funds appropriated to the T. V. Mr. Brown, having seen in a county newspaper that we are investigating minerals, calls and makes an appointment for us to go with him to look over his property on High Ridge mountain, which contains valuable minerals. Accordingly, we arise next morning, and find that Mr. Brown's breakfast has pr~