Georgia 
FORESTRY 
USPS No. 21 7120 
Fall1993 No. 3 Vol. 46 
STAFF 
Howard E. Bennett, Editor William S. Edwards, Assoc. Editor jackie N. Cundiff, Graphic Artist 
Bob Lazenby, Technical Advisor 
Zell Miller, Governor John W. Mixon, Director 
BOARD OF COMMISSIONERS jim L. Gillis, jr., Chairman , Soperton 
Felton Denn ey, Carrollton james Fendig, Savannah Dr. Gloria Shatto, Rome Robert Simpson, Ill , Lakeland 
DISTRICT OFFICES 
Distri~t One 
3086 Martha Beny HYMi.~f"/Ro~~ ,_GA 30165 
District Two 3005 Atlaota Hwy./GaineIsv_,i iJ__e, GA 30507 
Distri ct Three 1055 E. lhhitehali:Rtt~!J-!en~.J;A 30605 
"'ww     ol I 
Di.strjct FelJr,o 1 187 Corinth Rd./Newrian, GA 30263 
District Five 119 Hwy. 49/Milledgeville, GA 31061 
Distict Six 1465 Ti gnall Rd./Washington , GA 30673 
District Seven 243 U.S. Hwy. 19 N/Americus, GA 31709 
District Eight Route 3, Box 17/Tifton, GA 31794 
District Nine P. 0 . Box 345/Camilla, GA 31730 
District Ten Route 2, Box 28/Statesboro, GA 30458 
District Eleven Route 1, Box 67/Helena, GA 31037 
District Twelve 5003 Jacksonville Hwy./Waycross, GA 31503 
Urban Project 6835 Memorial Drive Stone M ountain, GA 30083 
Georgia Forestry is published quarterly by the Georgia Forestry Commission, Route 1, Box 181, Dry Branch, GA 31020. Second class postage paid at Macon, GA POSTMASTER; Send address changes to Georgia Forestry Commission, Route 1, Box 181, Dry Branch, GA 31 020. 
2/Ceorgia Forestry/Fall 1993 
 
Denise Griffin, right, Miss Georgia Forestry, and Amy Thompson, Miss Cum Spirits of Turpentine, were w inners in the recent 53rd annual pageant. 
 
NEW FORESTRY QUEENS CROWNED 
 
Denise Michelle Griffin of Fitzgerald competed with 41 other entries from around the state to capture th e crown of Miss Georgia Forestry of 1993 during the annual pageant in Macon. 
The 19-year-old University of Georgia student, who is on th e dean's list and isactive in stud ent government and the drama club, served as Georgia Sweet Potato Queen in 1992. She is now representing forestry and forestrelated industry with appearances in parades and at fe stival s, fairs, conventions and other events where the importance of fore stry can be promoted. 
The new Miss Georgia Forestry, who was crowned by Melinda Denise Parker of Augusta, the outgoin g queen , 
 
is interested in modeling and water skiing and said her ambition is to be "successful in my chosen career and to .. have a happy outlook on life." 
First runner-up in th e two-day pageant held at the Radi sso n Hotel in Maco n went to Amy Marie Thomp son of Lyon s, who was also crowned Miss Gum Spirits of Turpentine, a competition involving contestants represent- 
ing the several South Georgia Counties that produce naval stores. The winner attends the Robert Toombs Christian Academy and plans to study at Florida State University and become a nuclear radiologist. 
Second runn er up was Lara Kaye Fren ch of Au gusta and Pam ela Ti son of Cl inch County was third runner-up . 
 
ON THE COVER- Comm ission Photo grapher Billy Godfrey had many choices in shooting colorful autumn foliage in th e Georgia woodlands, but wisely selected this flaming sugar maple. 
 
 THE MANY KUDZU CLUBS HAVE FADED AND THE FORMER KUDZU QUEENS ARE NOW GRAY WITH AGE, BUT THE LUSH, GREEN VINE THEY CELEBRATED KEEPS GROWING AND GROWING AND GROWING... 
 
By Howard Bennett 
 
[ ! ] he tourist from New Hampshire said she thoroughly "enjoyed the enchanting landscape" after driving along a stretch of Georgia highway flanked by towering pines completely draped by kudzu. She termed the vine "nature's beautiful Southern decoration." 
A landowner living just beyond the decorated stand of trees, however,  finds the prolific vine less than enchanting. He told the service station attendant who passed along the lady's  comments that "an evil, stubborn, timber-choking weed" would be a more accurate description of the legume that remained robust, green and growi ng even while Georgia's long summer drought was destroying agricultural crops across the state. 
Although kudzu, a transplant from ancient China by way of Japan, is of commercial value in the Orient, it continues to be a common foe of thou sands of Georgia landowners whose forests and farms are infested with the green creeper that strangles trees, sprawls across fields, climbs utility poles and wraps around buildings and unattended machinery. 
The plant that was called "anot~er 
 
agricultural miracle" in an article in the Reader's Digest in the 1930's, when it was cons idered the long sought solution to the South's soil erosion problem, grows so fast that it prompts many jokes: A man in South Georgia mistakenly planted kudzu seed instead of turnips and he had to immediately run to outdistance the mischievous vine. A telephone repairman, sent out to find out why a continual busy signal was coming from a remote telephone booth, found a playful! kudzu vine had snatched the rece iver off the hook. 
But rural landowners, as well as many urban residents, in Georgia and neighboring states aren't laughing when the relentless vine begins to invade their property, entangling and 
BACK IN THE 1930's, GEORGIA FARMERS WERE PAID $8 AN ACRE TO HELP PLANT 85 MILLION KUDZU PLANTS 
 
smothering trees and killin g everything on the ground with its abundant foliage. 
As most foresters, farmers, loggers and others close to the soil know, the battle lines to fight kudzu in Georgia have been drawn for several years, but victory has been somewhat elusive; procedures have been advanced to subdue the plant, but eradication of a vine that shoots a root as deep as 12 feet into the ground is a fighter that defies ordinary ammunition. 
The Georgia Forestry Commission set out ten years ago to rid the state of the unwanted vine and Dr. James H. Miller, a research forester with the Southern Experiment Station, Auburn, Alabama, and one ofthe nation's leading authorities on kudzu, directed the research. 
Demonstration plots were established in highly infested areas in 14 counties and several chemical companies were invited to participate in the study. Tordon 1OK pellets, the widely used herbicide that had been effective in kudzu control since the mid 1960's, was no longer manufactured and the Commission's project had to rely on other chemicals. 
A procedure was worked out, 
Georgia Forestry/Fa/11993/3 
 
 nevertheless, and when it was operationally tested on the experimental plots, it was found to be 100 percent effective. It is a schedu le that has to be carefully followed over a period of years, however, and many landowners tend to end their efforts prematurely. "The key words in kudzu eradication are persistence and total kill," Dr. Mille.r explained. "Every sprig must be killed or the spread from the surviving crowns would make the effort and investment in prior treatment useless." 
Kudzu was first introduced in the United States in 1876 when the Japanese grew it at their pavilion at the Philadelphia Centennial Exposition and it appeared again in 1883 at the New Orlean s Exposition. 
Homeowners were intrigued with the plant's dense foliage and decorative tropical effect and treated it as a popular ornamental shade plant from the time of the Philad elphia showing to about 1910. Often cal led the "porch plant," it shaded the courtyards and garde ns of many fine southern homes, as well as the humble cottages of the poor. Mail order catalogs at the turn of the century were advertising the "wonder vine" seeds. 
~ 
4/Georgia Forestry/Fa/11993 
 
WIDESPREAD KUDZU FOR FORAGE MAY BE TRACED 
TO JUST THREE DISCARDED PLANTS 
Dr. A. E. Smith, a professor of agronomy at the University of Georgia College of Agriculture, and another educator who has made major con tributions in research pertaining to kudzu, relates an interesting account of the first cultivation of the vine as forage in the South: " It is reported that C. E. Pleas of Chipley, Florida was the first person to discover the value of kudzu as a forage crop in this country. He set three plants around a summer house in 1902 and because they failed to climb over the house, he dug them up and transferred them to a trash pile. The plants began to grow and eventually covered a large area." 
Transplants from the area were used to plant many acres on the farm and Dr. Smith said "nearly all kudzu grown for forage in the South may be traced back to the original three plants." 
Dr. Miller and other researchers who have traced the history of Kudzu in the United States point out that the second phase of the plant's existence in this country extended from 1910 to 1935 and centered around its use as livestock pasturage, fodder and hay. The woody stems, limited nutritional value and the difficulty in cutting and raking, however, prevented it from becoming a popular means of feeding cattle. 
ALARMING GROWTH 
The third phase, beginning in the midst of the Great Depression, marked Kudzu's rapid expansion across the Southland and man 's ultimate struggle to control its alarming growth. Th e 10,000 acres of tangled green mass in 1934 became 500,000 acres in just ten years. The acceleration is attributed to the Soil Erosion Service, an agency established by congress in 1933 which became the Soil Conservation Service two years later. The SCS recomm ended kudzu as a cover crop to control soil 
At left, you have to look closely to find Forest Ranger Steve Abbott of the Columbia County Unit in the center of this kudzu wilderness just off a major highway. 
 
erosion and farmers were paid $8.00 per acre to plant the vine. The government provided about 85 million kudzu plants and members of the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC), a depression -era work program established for young men, joined the farmers in the planting project. 
Kudzu clubs were formed across the South. Festivals were held in praise of the benefits of the plant and pageant winners proudly wore the crown of Kudzu Queen. 
By 1955, however, disillusionment set in; the wonder vine began to rapidly lose its popularity. It was becoming a menace by not only coverin g young pines and mature stands, fields and abandoned farm buildings, but by invading the rights-  of-way of country roads, highways, railroads, powerlines and pipelines. It presented a hazard by concealing abandoned wells, gullies and streams. Finally, the plant that had held such great promise for agriculture was listed as "a common weed" by the Departcnent of Agriculture in 1970. 
"Presently, kudzu probably grows on 100,000 acres in Georgia," Dr. Smith said, "and very little of it is managed for use as a forage crop. However, we do appreciate its ability to abate soi l erosion on ditch banks." 
 
 With the exception of its limited use as forage and value as erosion abatement, the agronomist, who works from the university's experiment station in Griffin, considers the vine a "runaway pest" on which many thousands of dollars are being used to develop a method of control. 
But even today, there are those who don't scorn kudzu. What is a nuisance to a Georgia farmer can be a godsend to a craftsman who weaves the pliable root into handsome baskets. travs and other artistic objects to sell at craft fairs and in gift shops. 
A Georgia farmer even found a use for the plant during a minor emergency. It seems his truck ran off a road and into a deep gully thick with kudzu. A neighbor happend by in a pickup, but neither had a rope or chain so they made a Kudzu "vine rope" to tow the vehicle out of the gully. 
The plant poses no problem to the Japanese and Chinese. It is used in the Orient to make cloth, paper, wall covering, root starch and even medicine. It is the custom of some in those countries to peel back the bark on the kudzu root and suck on it as some Georgians suck on sugar cane. The Japanese use kudzu starch in confections and some is exported to this country and marketed at about a dollar an ounce. Some Orientals make a salad from the most tender leaves, but you won't find it on the menu at the Kudzu Cafe on Atlanta's Peachtree Street, a popular eatery decorated with sculptured metal kudzu vines. 
117-YEAR HEAD START 
Dr. Miller admits that it is hard to gain control of an extremely agressive vine that enjoys a 117-year head start since coming to the U.S. from Japan and has had the advantage of active cultivation for a number of years, but he said "kudzu can be effectively controlled by persistent application if the landowner will stay with it." 
Approved chemical application, ' overgrazing, burning, mowing and 
even digging up the roots are methods of dealing with kudzu, but the battle could endure for ten years. 
INTRODUCTU)N OF 
NATURAL ENEMIES COULD 
BE NEXT STEP IN 
CONTROL EFFORT 
 
The Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) was established under the Franklin 
Roosevelt Administration to provide employment to more than two million 
depression-era young men. Called the "Tree Army," many of the $30.00-a-week corpsmen mainly planted trees, but this photo depicts a crew planting kudzu in 
the 1930's to retard erosion on a steep grade somewhere in the South. 
 
Is there a faster, more effective, less costly way to control this troublesome plant? Dr. Miller believes research now on the horizon could be the answer. Natural controls have been applied, he said, but very little study has concentrated on natural enemies or biological control. Kudzu was imported without its natural enemies, which gave it free reign to spread. 
The velvetbean caterpillar has been 
found to feed on kudzu in Florida Tn 
early spring and an Agromrzidae podminer has been reported on the plant in Hiroshima, while several kudzudamaging diseases have been observed in other sections of Japan. 
In discussing the possibilities of the new approach, Dr. Miller said eradication is not the objective of a biocontrol project. He emphasized the goal is to 
 
import safe biocontrol agents, successfully overwinter them and establish natural enemies of kudzu that will allow it to be brought into harmony with the Southern landscape, and retard its spread into the rest of the nation. 
A bug that has an appetite for kudzu and a blight that withers the pesky vine, while neither would harm desirable vegetation! That's a couple of imports Georgia landowners would warmly welcome. 
Maybe Dr. James Miller and-Or. A. E. Smith and their associates in research will ultimately make it happen. 
-~ 
 
The kudzu control method worked out in the Commission's study ten years ago continues to be the recommended practice for today. It calls for a complete spraying of the infected area with Tordon K or Tordon 101 Mixture herbicides as early as June, but no later than 
September. Activating rainfall should follow within seven days and then a touchup of any skips. The land should be left alone for a year. A burn would be the next phase, followed by a re-treatment 
 
with half the initial rate of Tordon . A spot treatment would be necessary in the fourth year and a cover planting would proceed in the fifth year. 
For further information on kudzu eradication procedure, contact any office of The Georgia Forestry Commission, The University of Georgia College of Agriculture, Georgia Station, Griffin 30223 , or call USDA Forest Service Laboratory, Auburn, Alabama (205) 826-8700. 
 
Georgia Forestry/Fa/11993/5 
 
 Atlanta Mayor Maynard jackson, center, and other Coalition members participate in a tree planting ceremony. Below, Forestry Commission Director john Mixon and Governor Zell Miller plant a tree and other members, shown on the opposite page, set out one of the thousands of trees being planted in preparation of the Olympic Games. 
TREES SET OLYMPIC STAGE 
 
By Randy Lescault 
 
OJ n the high summer of 1996, millionsof atheletes, officials, news media and spectato rs will flood into Atlanta, Savannah and other Georgia co mmunities to participate in that granddaddy of all sporting events--the Olympic Games. M illions, perhaps billions more will witness the drama of international competition via television. And a partnership of public and private organizations is quietly working to ensure that both the stage and the background of these world-class events rival the lush , forested hills of the Grecian city Olympia, legendary birthplace of the games in 776 B. C. 
The Georgia Trees Coalition is a partnership of government agencies, institutions, businesses and citizen groups formed in 1991 to plan, organize and coo rdinate volunteer tree planting activities across the state in preparation for the 1996 Summer Games. Chaired by John W. Mixon, Director of the Georgia Forestry Commission, the Coalition has been responsible for organizing numerous 
6/Georgia Forestry/Fall 1993 
 
successful tree plantings at Olympi c venues and along corrido rs leading to game sites throughout Georgia. 
At the height of "Olympic fever" in 1991 , shortly after th e International Olympics Committee announced to 
 
the world that Atlanta would play host to th e Centennial Olympic Games, John Mixon was approached by state Representative Terry Coleman of Ea stma n. 
"He suggested that I get together a group from local, state and federal agencies and private sector representatives and start gettin g tree s planted to prepare the state for the Games," Mixon said, "So I and my staff called togeth er all th e likely partners we cou ld think of, and we organized our first meeting in February of 1991. " 
81 RTH OF A COALITION 
The first meetings of the Coalition were attended by representatives of local, state and federal government agencies, such as the Forestry Commission, Department of Corrections, Department of Commun ity Affairs, Department of Transportation , the U. S. Forest Service, and the city fore sters from Atlanta and Savannah . Representatives from Trees Atlanta and Park Pride Atlanta also attended the early meetings. But as word about 
 
 the work of the Coalition has spread, it has evolved into a more diverse organization, with more members from the nonprofit sector, such as the Telepho ne Pio neers, the Stone Mountain Association and Fernback Museum. Representatives from the corporate world, including the Georgia-Pacific Corp orati on and the Georgia Power Co mpany, round out the diverse mix. And this diversity of membership has proven to be the key to the Coalition's success. 
 
DIVERSITY BRINGS SUCCESS 
 
"O ur varied membership is one of 
 
our strengths," said Mixon. " It gives us 
 
' a great deal of flexibility to plan and 
 
perform tree planting projects, be- 
 
cause we have such an exte nsive pool 
 
1 of talent and resources to ca ll upon. If 
 
we need raw manpower, we ca ll upon 
 
the Department of Corrections or one 
 
of our nonprofits that has a large base 
 
of volunteers. If we need profes ional 
 
advice on specific tree species or 
 
r 
 
planting in an urban location, we ca n call upon the Forestry Commission, or 
 
one of the municipal arborists. If we 
 
need advice on volunteer organiza- 
 
tion, we ca n tap into the expertise that 
 
great organizations like Trees Atlanta 
 
or Park Pride Atlanta possess. And our 
 
r corporate partners have been gene- 
 
rous in providing matching monies for 
 
some of th ~ large grant projects." 
 
There has been no shortage of tree 
 
planting projects for the Coalition. 
 
Beginning with a " ki ck-off" planting at 
 
Bowen Homes Housing Project in 
 
Atlanta, in which 1,100 seedlings and 
 
16 six-inch caliper trees were planted , 
 
numerous projects have followed. 
 
Plantings this spring included two 
 
Olympic venues: the Atlanta Civic 
 
Center, site of the weightl ifting com - 
 
petition in 1996; and planting of 150 
 
large crape myrtle trees on the campus 
 
of Morris Brown Co llege, site of the 
 
,. field hockey competition. But tree 
 
planting projects by the Coalition are 
 
not limited to Metro Atlanta. 
 
; According to Boyd Leake, coo r- 
 
dinator of th e Georgia Trees Coalition , 
 
numerous projects are planned for the 
 
 near future in other Georgia com - 
 
munities th at will host Olympic events 
 
or training sites for national teams. 
 
"LaGrange will be playing host to the 
 
Nigerian team, and Macon will host 
 
the Ru ssian team. Co lumbus will be 
 
the site of the softball competiton, and 
 
Savannah will be in the spotlight 
 
because of th e sailin g events," Leake 
 
said. " Other areas of Georgia will see 
 
international attention because of 
 
their economic, recreational, cultural or historic significance. There is virtually no area of the state that will not be affected by the Gamesin some way. And that leaves us with a considerable task ahead to prepare these communities to look good for our 'company'." 
A recent award of nearly $76,000 in federal funds for tree planting from a Small Business Administration matching grant program will help. But there is still a tremendous need for financial contributions to purchase the trees for this Herculean task. " We have been fortunate to receive contributions from both Georgia-Pacific Corporation and Georgia Power Company," Leake said. "But we will need more from other sources if we are to meet all our present and future commitments." 
If you or your organ ization are interested in becoming a member of th e Coalition, call or write Boyd Leake, Coord inator, Georgia Trees Coalition, Room 810, Floyd Bldg., West Tower, 200 Piedmont Avenue, Atlanta, GA 30334, (404) 656-3204. 
Atlanta, Georgia is a world and a millennium away from Olympia, Greece. But this team of tree volunteers has come a long way to make Georgia every bit as cool and green-and legendary--a setti ng for the Games as that crad le of Olympian glory. 
 
Atlanta Botanical Garden 
Atlanta Committee for the Olympic Games 
Atlanta Department of Parks, Recreation & Cultural Mfairs 
Fernbank Museum of Natural History 
Fulton County Soil & Water Conservation District 
Georgia Agribusiness Council 
Georgia Departmentof Community Mfairs 
Georgia Department of CorrectioQs 
Georgia Department of Transportation 
Georgia Forestry Commission 
Georgia Green Industry Association 
Georgia Institute of Technology 
Georgia-Pacific Corporation 
Georgia Power Company 
Georgia Urban Forest Council 
MARTA 
Park Pride Atlanta 
Savannah Park & Tree Commission 
Southern Nurserymen's Association 
Stone Mountain Authority 
Trees Atlanta 
USDA Forest Service 
Georgia Forestry/Fa/11993/7 
 
 Senior ForesterSteve Smith stands at a beautiful oak that survives because it was protected during construction of the home. Below, a temporary fence was erected around the big tree during construction. 
HOMES FOR TREES PROJECT SUCCESSFUL IN COLUMBUS 
 
'Think back to your fondest childhood memories. Chances are they include a special tree under which you read, shared secrets, pitched a tent or hosted backyard picnics. You may have climbed it, swung from it, or watched its leaves mark the passing of a season." 
The quote is from an attractive brochure on Homes for Trees, a well organized project aimed at enhancing the residential neighborhoods of the City of Columbus through the preservation of existing trees and the planting of new ones. 
Although the campaign encourages homeowners throughout the city to maintain lawn trees, it generally targets new home construction and is fortunate at the outset to have gained the cooperation of the Home Builders Association of Columbus and many of the residents for whom dwellings are being built. 
GUIDELINES FOR BUILDERS 
Tree protection guidelines supplied by Homes for Trees for building contractors call for the erection of barricades around designated trees at the construction site and the avoidance of vehicular traffic. Materials storage and grading or dumping of trash or chemicals within the protected zone should be avoided. Builders also are asked to take measures to protect tree roots if it is necessary for underground utility lines to pass through the 
8/Georgia Forestry/Fall 1993 
 
protected areas and they are advised to cut vegetation flush with the ground if any is removed for aesthetic purposes. 
Senior Forester Steve Smith of the Georgia Forestry Commission, member of the Technical Support 
 
 Group for the project, said Homes for Trees i affiliated with the Georgia Urban Forest Council and the Keep Columbus Beautiful Commission. Other partners, in addition to the Commission and the Home Builders Association, are Georgia Power Company, Columbus College, Mead Corporation, Muscogee County Schools and many individuals. 
INTEREST GROWING 
"We started this program in Columbus about two years ago," Smith said, "and now we're getting inquiries from other Georgia communities interested in establishing a similar project." 
An Urban and Community Forestry Grant of $9,325.00, administered through the U. S. Forest Ser, vice, and matching funds now being contributed on the local level, is financing the project. Smith said the local financing is coming from the Urban Tree Committee of the Keep Columbus Beautiful Commission, Georgia Power Company and other sources. 
The forester said the Homes for Trees program promotes the protection of existing trees before and after home construction, encourages the planting of trees on the construction site, provides technical assistance and recognition of builders and devel, opers, and works to create a "tree conscious" community. 
Smith said contractors and homeowners are advised that trees increase property values, reduce energy costs, increase curb appeal and help control erosion. 
Although much of the work of the organization is concentrated in new residential areas, Smith aid, "we are pleased with the cooperation we find in our schools." He pointed out that "today's students are tomorrow's landowners and if we can instill an appreciation of trees in these young people, the ' future of Homes for Trees is secure." He said Mrs. Anise Lester, a teacher in the county school ystem, helped develop the school outreach function of the ~ project and outstanding progress has been made in that area. 
20 PERCENT COVERAGE 
Builders who participate in Homes for Trees are required to leave at least 20 percent of the building lot in tree cover; if an insufficient number of trees exist, trees of a minimum height of five feet and minimum caliper of one inch are to be planted to meet the standard. 
Smith said builders who enter into the agreement have permission to use the official Home for Trees logo and sign and have access to technical advice from the Forestry Commission, Columbus city arborists and other qualified professionals. 
A public awareness campaign for the project includes seminars for landscape professionals, builders, homeowners, home buyers, real estate professionals, students and others. 
The forester said the city is beginning to realize some positive results in the relatively new project and as it continues to gain momentum it will probably become a model for other urban areas around the state. 
 
As neighborhoods grow, more densely pop- 
ulated and residential building lots become smaller, fewer families are experiencing the 
quiet comfort and pleasure a backyard tree brings. Yet trees have an 
increasingly important function in the urban landscape. They add beauty, improve air quality, reduce erosion, moderate temperature extremes, and provide a 
home for wildlife. 
_ Excerpt from Homes for Trees Brochure 
 
5716MESfor TREES 
Georgia Forestry/Fa/11993/9 
 
 UGA Forestry Professor Tom Harris, Jr. (left) and Dr. Arnett Mace, Jr., dean of the UGA School of Forest Resources (right), present Dr. James A. McNutt with an award of appreciation. 
GLOBAL FORESTRY MARKET BECKONS U. S. BUSINESS 
 
An increasing activity in business acquisitions and mergers is forming a globalization of the forest products industry that the United States should vigorously participate in to compete in the new world market, according to Dr. James A. McNutt, executive vice president of Jaako Pooyry Group. 
In a public address at the University of Georgia's School of Forest Resources, Dr. McNutt told a gathering of forestry leaders that this market of 370 million people has a per capita paper and wood products consumption that will undoubtedly have a vital influence on tomorrow's forestry industry managers. 
Dr. McNutt has been affiliated with the paper industry since the early 1970s when he was a professor of Forest Engineering at the University of Washington. Since then, he has held a number of high level corporate posi- 
70/Ceorgia Forestry/Fa/11993 
 
"Globalization is changing the structure of the industry as we know it, but U.S. companies have a position of tremendous strength upon which to build future success...but without pursuit, there will be no success." 
tions, including Corporate Forest and Financial Analyst for Potlach Corporation, and Director of Corporate Planning for Great Northern Nekoosa Corporation . Dr. McNutt's educational background includes a BS degree in Engineering from the Univer- 
 
sity of Wyoming; the MBA program at the College of William and Mary; and a Masters and PH.D. in Forest Managerial Science from Oregon State University. 
Dr. McNutt told the UGA audience that the decline of communism, and the opening of Eastern Block countries to expanded trade will accelerate forest industry integrations on a global scale. 
"Let me give you my definition of globalization," McNutt said. "Simply put, it is a greater level of capital investment, and a greater participation of global markets by a growing number of companies." 
McNutt said that although there are several operational ways in which globalization occurs, mergers and acquisitions are the key methods. "In many ways, they are the least expensive techniques for gaining production 
 
 capacity and market share," he said. "However, they are not without difficulty, whether the mergers are hostile or friendly." He added that there are numerous non-operational globalization stimulators, such as common product codes eliminations of tariffs. 
INDUSTRY CONCENTRATION 
"In North America, during the 1980's, 17 of the top 51 companies were merged or acquired," McNutt said. "The top 10 companies represented 62 percent of the pulp and paper sales in 1990, versus 48 percent in 1980." 
McNutt said that in.1980, U.S. companies represented nine of the top 10 companies on a worldwide basis, as measured by pulp and paper sales. However, by 1990, only seven U. S. companies remained in the top 10. 
"It is even more telling, if we look at the second group of 10 companies," McNutt said. "That is the 11th through the 20th companies. In 1980, North American companies occupied eight of these second tier 10 slots - but by 1990, they represented only four." 
McNutt went on to show that 19801990 European consolidations were even more dramatic; just from 1988 to 1990,17 of the top 60 companies were acquired or merged in "an unprecedented level of activity that had a distinctly Scandanavian flavor." For further comparison, McNutt showed in 1980 the top 10 European companies represented 40 percent of European pulp and paper sales. In 1989, this figure increased to 53 percent and approached 60 percent by 1990. 
"The extent of European consolidation during the 1980s can be deter~ mined by the fact that for 23 selected companies out of the top 60 firms, there was a significant consolidation for total sales, pulp and paper sales, and total assets," McNutt said. 
QUALITY EMPHASIS 
McNutt said that until 1990, there had been relatively little effect on management styles in the forest products industry. However, with recent moves to streamline employment bases, he pointed out that "we have begun to experience accelerated impacts across North America." According to McNutt, as U. S. companies have become more global in their operations, they have begun to decentralize management functions and increase emphasis on quality and customer satisfaction. 
Current statistics indicate a number 
 
of structural changes within the forest products industry (especially pulp and paper). Changes include: increased concentration in certain product lines in the U. S. and Europe; tremendous fostering of growth in mergers and acquisitions; reduction in North American dominance of the industry in terms of company size; increased amounts of cross-border product shipments; and creation of global companies capable of being cost competitive around the world. 
"Predicting the future is always risky business," McNutt said . "I am reminded that Thomas Edison once forecast the electric light bulb had no future. Nevertheless, I will share one view of future globalization trends." 
EUROPEAN PRESENCE 
According to this view, there will be an increased consolidation among the European pulp and paper industry, with less than half of the current top 25 companies likely to survive the next century. There will also be a greater European manufacturing presence in North Ameri ca. European demand for paper will increase. However, North America still represents the largest forest products market in the world, 
 
and European companies will be apart of this market as they strive for global significance. 
LONG TERM FOCUS 
McNutt said changes offer a number of vital implications for U. S. companies that will need to expand their strategic views. "No longer will it be sufficient to think of what strategic advantage you have in North America," he said, "but rather what sort of strategic advantage you can develop on a worldwide basis. A long term focus will be necessary." 
In essence, globalization has and will effect how the U.S. forest products industry conducts business in the future. McNutt said the transition "will affect all managers." He concluded by saying companies that adapt and seek out opportunities will not only survive - but prosper. 
"Globalization is chan ging the structure of the industry as we know it" McNutt said, "but U. S. companies have a position of tremendous strength upon which to build future success. The opportunities will be there, but without pursuit, there will be no success." 
 
SHORT .COURSES SCHEDULED 
 
Many timberland owners and professionals who have clients who own timber will be interested in two University of Georgia short courses concerning timber tax and estate planning. 
One course, Timber and Federal Income Tax, will be held November 16 at Darton College in Albany and November 19 at the Coastal Georgia Center in Savannah. A course entitled Estate Planning for Forest Landowners is scheduled for November 17 atthe Comfort Inn in Valdosta. 
Instructors for the courses are Drs. Harry L. Haney, Jr. and William C. Siegel, nationally recognized experts in timber and forestland taxes and themselves active tree farmers and foresters. They have conducted numerous courses and written many articles on these subjects. 
Quotes from participants in their courses: " ...practical ideas I could use.", " ...very knowledge- 
 
able instructors who answered my questions.", and " ...good investment, well worth the money." 
The courses are designed for forest landowners, forestry consultants, landowner assistance and extension foresters, accountants, attorneys, estate planners, tax preparers, and insurance specialists. Each course will provide 6.5 hours of Continuing Education credits (8CPE for CPAs). 
The registration fee for each course is $95.00 and includes refreshments, lunch and extensive instructional materials. Discounts are available for spouses and for attending more than one course. 
For more information, write: Forestry Programs, Georgia Center for Continuing Education, The University of Georgia, Athens GA 30602-3603 , or call (706) 542-3063. 
 
Georgia Forestry/Fall 1993/11 
 
 john Foster receives inquiries from around the world now that CNN has televised the news of his superior recycling procedure. Below, he checks tons of boric acid used in the process. 
SUPERIOR METHOD DEVELOPED IN RECYCLING PAPER PRODUCTS 
 
hen John Foster's produ ct is spread on the floor of on e of the many poultry houses th at dot the hills and vall eys o f North Georgia, it looks like a bi g, smooth w all-to-w all gray carpet. It's really recycled paper. Th e enterprising Foster of Corn elia, a state legislator for 18 years, owner an d operator of a broom factory for 20 years and a veteran radio broadcaster, has hit on an idea that is a boon to poultry producers and is greatly redu cing waste that would ordinarily go into already over-burdened landfills. Foster's Low Density Fiber Bedding, said to be far superior to shredded paper, shaving, wood chips and other materials heretofore used by Georgia poultrymen, recently gained international attention when CN N t elevi sed the story of his plant and its unique product. The owner said he is receivin g inquiries from around the world as a result of the exposure. 
SPECIAL EQUIPMENT 
The difference in Foster's recyclin g process and the conventional method is attributed to the custom designed equipment in his plant - a plant that is 
12/Georgia Forestry/Fall 7993 
 
actually the only one of its find in the world . Grinding equipment in the highly automated operation converts old teleph one directories, newspapers, magazines, corrugated boxes, grocery bags and other waste paper into a soft, fiberousand ve ry absorbant material. Th e fluffy, cotton-like pro- 
 
duct is mixed with boric acid to make it fire resistant. 
When compared to wood shavings, Foster said his material is more sterile, has less amonia buildup, provides better insulati ng properties and does not present a fire hazard. High absorbency is one of its principal advantages. 
DECOMPOSES FASTER 
The manufacturer said the material has a faster decomposition rate than other beddi ng and is, the refore, an excellent vehicle for transferring chicken manure from the poultry houses to agricultural fields for fe rtilization. Th e plant has the capacity to produce 8,000 pounds per hour and Foster said that as long as newspapers, magazines, catalogs and telephone books are pu blished and discarded, there wil l always be an abundance of paper to feed his giant hredders and grinders. There also seem to be no shortage of customers for Foster Industrials, Inc. The owne( said t here are thousands of poultry houses within a 50-mile rad ius of Cornelia and several hundred are currently u ing the product from his plant that started operation just eight months ago. 
Lewis Canup, Habersham County Administrator, said it's too early to gauge the impact the recycler will have on the county, but he pointed out that there has to be a positive effect as the county no longer has to transport newspapers to Atlanta and magazines and other paper waste to other points. He said the new plant is a convenience for many residents who now personally deliver waste to the company. 
M ost of Foster's product is sold in 
 
 How many acres of trees are required to produce the paper that finds its way through the plant in a single 
day? It would be hard to determine, but thanks to Foster 
Industries, most of it is going back to the soil and in a biodegradable form. 
 
bulk to poultry farms. A special spreader even ly distributes th e material on the floor of the poultry buildings until it resembles a carpet about one inch in thickness. About ten percent of the production is bagged and shipped to customers around the nation. 
Foster said his enterprise started as a joint public/private venture, with Chestatee-Chattahoochee Resource Conservation and The Development Council of Gainesville. Th e non-profit council did research on recycled paper products for agriculture and had the support of the University of Georgia, Bell Sou th and agencies of the U. S. Department of Agriculture in the studies. 
Although the poultry bedding is the company's principal product, the plant is getting into the ce llulose insulation business. Th e recycled paper is blown between wall studs to form a superior insulation for animal barn s, homes and other structures. Th e material is virtually soundproof, fireproof and insect resistant. 
Foste r, who was included in Georgia Trend magazine's " 100 Most ln fluencial Georgians" in 1991 , said he was looking for anoth er business after he sold the broom factory and recycling seemed to be th e most promising. After consi derable research, he found that such a business would be costly to establish, but nevertheless entered into the venture. 
The plant was recently closed for a few days for maintenance work and a stockpile of waste paper was building up on the lot; thi ck, yellow telephone directoriestopped off great mounds of newspapers, magazines, co mputer paper and crushed cartons, all ready for the conveyors that would take it to th e grindin g machines. Foster said 
 
several highway vans loac with 
 
waste stock also awaited 
 
pl ant 
 
start-up . 
 
How many acres of trees are 
 
required to produce the paper that 
 
finds its way through the plant in a 
 
si ngle day? It would be hard to deter- 
 
mine, but thanks to Foster Industries, 
 
most of it is goin g back to the soi l and 
 
in a biodegradable form. 
 
Foster displays fluffy material manufactured from recycled paper under newly developed process. 
 
======0===== 
 
TREE IMPROVEMENT PROGRAM TRANSLATES INTO MANY BENEATS 
An independent report determining financial percentage return s on genetic tree improvement programs shows the Commission's annual 10% improvement rate in slash pine volume production translates into a $750,000-a-year benefit for Georgia's private (non-industrial) landowners, accordi ng to Staff Forester Ru ss Pohl, coordinator of the Commission's tree improvement program. 
The independent study, titled " Yearly Economic Benefits From Slash Pine Tree Improvement" was completed by Timothy White, Director of Cooperative Forest Genetics Program for the University of Florida. The report is based on profit returns on annual genetic levels of tree improvement ranging 10 percent to 35 percent. The percentages of yield improvement were applied to regenerated acreage ranging from 1,000 to 50,000 acres. 
Pohl pointed out that although this study was done for private industries involved in pine regeneration, the fi nancial benefits also apply to public service projects. " Th e objective of creating higher and faste rvolume yield oftimber is the same," he said. " Private industry profits in such a program go to the company bank account - but the GFC public service tree improvement program translates into a profit for the private landowner and stimu lation for Georgia's $12 billion forestry economy." 
The report shows 10 percent annual genetic improvement in slash pine volume production for reforestation of 30,000 acres and has a cu rrent net value of $750,000a yearusinga6% di scou nt rate. 
" All financial statistics in the report are based on current dollar value with no adjustments made for escalating timber costs," Pohl said. "The 6% is very impressive, "especially when you consider the average real rate of return - inflation adjusted -on securities and bonds since WW II has been approximately 3.5 percent." 
Pohl emphasized the $750,000 for the Commission's slash pine genetic improvement can be translated as a 
(continued on page 22) 
Georgia Forestry/Fa/17993/73 
 
 COASTAL LIVE OAKS LURE EDUCATOR TO ST. SIMONS 
CHILDHOOD VOW FULFILLED AFTER 28 YEARS 
 
By Bill Edwards 
 
[!] aylor Schoettle was born in Philadelphia, but transplanted in spirit among Georgia's coastal live oaks when he was 12 years old. A relative invited him South for a brief visit and he made a childhood vow to return someday to Georgia's barrier islands and live among the live oaks. 
Now 56, Schoettle has been in the islands for 16 years. He is currently editing the final stages of what he believes to be "the most comprehensive research project ever attempted to direct public awareness to the fragile ecosystem of Georgia's barrier islands - with live oaks serving as the foundation ofthis system." Schoettle's new book on this subject, titled "A Naturalist's Guide to St. Simon's 
14/Georgia Forestry/Fall 1993 
 
Island", is scheduled for release during winter 94 . He has written a number of other educational guides concerning Georgia's barrier islands, but insists that none of these even approach the scope of his new 120-page book on St. Simons Island. 
ROOTED WITH LIVE OAKS 
" It has been a long, somedmes circuitous route, but now I'm doing exactly what I always wanted to do the way I want to do it, and where I want to do it," Schoettle said. " I'm as rooted here on these barrier islands as the native live oaks. I have always been interested in trees, but no other species has fascinated me like these live oaks." 
Schoettle said he knew "beyond 
 
any doubt" when he was 12 years old, that he would come back to live among Georgia's live oaks. He just didn't know how. The "circuitous" journey had begun. 
Looking back, Schoettle says the years passed quickly after he returned home from his trip South. He earned a bachelor's degree in zoology from Penn State and a master's in zoology and physiology from the University of Pennsylvania. For the next 12 years, he taught high school biology and acquired an impressive collection of birds and animals that led him to become curator of three zoos: in Puerto Rico, Oklahoma City, and El Paso. Durin g all these years, the indel- 
(continued on page 15) 
 
 ible impressions of Georgia live oaks haunted his memory. 
FLASHBACK 
While curating the El Paso Zoo, Schoettle saw the movie " Conrack" , based on Pat Conroy's novel ; much of the movie was filmed on St. Simons Island. Scenes of the moss shrouded live oaks catalyzed a series of flashbacks from his childhood visit. 
"The compulsion those scenes created was like the urge of a migratory bird to go South," Schoettle remembers. "I went home and told my wife we were moving to the barrier islands." 
Schoettle and his family moved South. After some inevitable floundering around he became a marine education specialist for the University of Georgia Marine Extension Service in Brunswick. At the time, nothing could have suited him more. He wandered among the live oaks offering a wide range of coastal education programs. During this time, he feels an apprenticeship of sorts was served by writing three short field guides including sections on maritime forests of the barrier islands. 
In 1982, Schoettle initiated a docent program that has reached more than 100,000 people through nature tours that wind through the marshes and live oaks of Jekyll, St. Simons, and Sea Islands. 
He finally felt secure in paradise; but trouble lurked in paradise. Two years ago, a budget crunch left Schoettle standing among the live oaks with no job. "I was in a sort of fringe position that was most readily excised from the system," he said. 
Schoettle, however, decided that if he could not continue his live oak and other island research in the conventional manner of having a job - that he would do what was necessary to sustain his pursuits without a job. 
"So, in a sense, I just dropped out of mainstream society," he said. "It took some adapting, but I now consider it a blessing." 
DROPOUT PROCEDURE 
The first thing Schoettle did was evaluate his previous research on live oaks and other barrier island subjects. Since he had lived on St. Simons for 13 years, this would be the most appropriate place to focus his expanded study. The problem now was that he had no money to finance further research or publication; but he also no longer had guidelines imposed by a source of financing. 
"So I tightened my belt and deter- 
 
mined to make a living as best I could to finance the project," he said. Schoettle moved from his St. Simons house to a home on the Darien River. Now on the mainland, he can look out from his upstairs work desk acrossthe marshes to a distant filament of cars droning along 1-95 - a pleasant reminder of the " rat race" he has permanently abandoned. 
Eventually, Schoettle worked his way into the comfortable situation of teaching college part-time and conducting freelance nature tours. Luxuries are few, but necessities are provided. For Schoettle, however, the most important factor is the new freedom to research and write from his personal perspective, with no outside influence. 
ADAPTED NATIVE 
Driving along the oak lined roads of St. Simons in search of trees to illustrate for his book, Schoettle now regards himself as native to the islands as the slave descendants living on heir-deeded property. Looking out of his lorry-type vehicle, Schoettle sees what he considers a mixed bag of good and bad influences on the live oaks. 
"These oaks on Frederica Road will go when the road is widened," he said. " But the developers and residents are now becoming more protective of the live oaks. Both realize that if the live oaks gothe charm, atmosphere and ecosystem of the island goes with them. There's an old saying about not being able to see 
 
the forest for the trees. Well, here we have a paradoxical version of that situation." 
What Schoettle is referring to is the loss of live oak forests to developments, but the preservation of oak clusters and individual trees to sustain the appealing atmosphere and ecosystem. He hopes the development will evolve into an urban forestry program that will ensure enough of the oak canopy remains to sustain the island ecosystem. 
Schoettle explained that the live oak canopy shelters and shades forest life, while retaining moisture vital to this type of environment. The canopy cultivates an understory of smaller trees such as 
red bay and American holly. Flowers, saw palmettos and ferns form ground cover; while a shower of leaves, fruits, nuts and rotting bark feed an abundance of birds and animals on the forest floor. 
"These live oak forests are the predominant climax community of St. Simons and other barrier islands," Schoettle said. "This means that under prevailing environmental conditions,the forest continues to propagate itself and remains relatively unchanged over time. But - if the trees are cut down, the thin layer of top soil on the forest floor quickly washes or blows away and the basic lifesustaining nutrients of the system are gone. When this happens, it could be many centuries before the forest even begins to come back. Just take a few moments and really try to imagine St. 
 
Massive canopy of live oaks fringe St. Simons Christ Church. History of church dates back to colonial times. In drawing opposite page, Schoettle feeds pileated woodpecker. 
Georgia Forestry/Fa/11993/15 
 
 Simons without live oaks. 
BALANCE 
Although Schoettle exhibits a zealot-like enthusiasm for protecting barrier island live oaks, he stresses that he is by no means opposed to harvesting timber when sound management and reforestation measures are practiced. " I am certainly in favor of using timber resources when properly managed- that's just common sense," he said. " There are simply some forest and tree situations that should be preserved. What I am against is the cutting of trees to create jobs when there is no reforestation. In the end, the trees and the jobs will be lost." 
Schoettle's forestry interest, however, remains focused on the island live oaks. In the tradition of Will Rogers, he never met a live oak he didn't like. The dwarfed, wind-twisted oaks near the sea evoke a comparable emotional response to the towering specimens growing midway the island's shores. 
"They're all "awe-inspiring," proclaims Schoettle. Those wind-tortured trees near the sea lend a mystique to the island; and the towering inland oaks make me feel as if my soul is soaring among the branches." 
When talking about live oaks, Schoettle can obviously become carried away to the point of poetic observations. In fact, his upcoming book 
 
Live oaks enhance the historic beauty ofSt. Simon's Fort Frederica National Monument. During early spring, clusters of saprophytic orchids grow under these oaks. 
 
contains such a poem. The quality of his poetry will have to be left with literary critics, but the authenticity of his knowledge concerning the live oaks and island environment is evident. 
Schoettel believes most people over estimate live oak age. He points out that St. Simons was virtually clearcut of live oaks during the ship building frenzy of the 1800s. The few oaks surviving this onslaught were cut later to 
 
clear land for cottonplantations. "So most of the live oaks on St. 
Simons are less than a hundred years old," Schoettle said. "There's a pretty good rule of thumb about live oaks that says the tree takes a hundred years to grow, a hundred years to live, and a hundred years to die. I wish I could live that long. Maybe in that time span, I could gain enough understanding to motivate others to value these wonderful trees as much as I do." 
MYSTICAL ATTRACTION 
Giant live oaks lining the driveway to the Sea Island Club (on St. Simons) form a huge tunnel-like canopy that holds a mystical attraction for Schoettle. "I come here a lot just to think, " he says. 'These oaks were planted from 1848to 1849, making them close to 150 years old." 
Schoettle. stops his lorry vehicle and looks out over the massive oak canopy leading into the golf club. Billowing black clouds, rushing in from the mainland, can be seen over the oak 
(continued on page 17) 
 
16/Ceorgia Forestry/Fa/11993 
 
View of mid-island forest as seen from Frederica and Lawrence Roads. Most of these oaks are less than 100 years old. 
 
 canopy. Rolling waves of distant thunder seem to shake the ground. 
As a pelting rain begins, lightning flashe~ over the golf course. Schoettle gets out and begins walking toward the oak canopy. "I like to get out in these things," he says. Schoettle stops, the rain is coming down harder now. He looks around - at the live oaks and civilized surroundings. 
" It's taken a long time," he says, "but I think one really good thing is coming out of all this. There's a growing awareness. We're finally responding to the honor of having the live oak as Georgia's state tree." 
 
EDITOR'S NOTE: St. Simons is one of eight clusters of barrier islands separated from Georgia's coast by salt marshes and sounds. Unlike many developed barrier islands on the East Coast, Georgia's islands still retain much native wilderness and forest areas. The live oak (Quercus virginiana) can be found on all of Georgia's developed and undeveloped barrier islands. 
All illustration s in this article are by 
jen nifer Smith. 
Majestic live oak is typical of this species on St. Simons. Live oaks can be found on all Georgia barrier islands. 
 
Left to right, Chief Ranger Donald Bishop, Baker-Mitchell Unit; Reba Bishop; GFC Director john W. Mixon; Chief Ranger Roger Lane, Banks-Hall Unit; and District Forester james Tidwell, Tifton District. 
 
FORESTRY DISTRICT, UNITS AWARDED 
 
Georgia Forestry Commission's Eighth District, an eleven-county area with headquarters in Tifton, was awarded recently for outstanding service to forestry in Georgia and two county units were cited for superior performances. 
Engraved plaques were presented to the outstanding district and county units - the Banks-Hall County Unit in the North Georgia region and BakerMitchell County Unit in the South Georgia Region. 
The awards were presented by the Georgia Forestry Association at the organization's annual convention on Jekyll Island. 
Two awards were also presented to Reba Bishop of the Polk County Unit. She received the Project Learning Tree Outstanding Facilitator Award for conducting the most PLT workshops during the year, and an award recognizing her as the state's outstanding facilitator. 
The Tifton District consists of 1,733,500 acres, a varied composite of agricultural land and timberland. A vast amount of agricultural land has been converted to timber. 
The district has been one of the leaders in the stewardship program by completing 30 plans for a total of 11 ,983 woodland acres. Approximately six million seedlings were sold this planting year. 
Six of the ten counties have a Miss Georgia Forestry Pageant every year and rangers and foresters have outstanding school programs. 
The Banks-Hall Forestry Unit is one of the Forestry Commission's most well-rounded units, according to the dis- 
 
trict forester. During the past year, the unit par- 
ticipated in the Southern Pine Beetle Survey, was a part of a field crew that did ballooning for the Gypsy Moth spraying, helped with the clean-up of the Oakwood tornado, participated in the disaster drill in North Georgia and was a part of the Incident Command System team during "Snow Blizzard 1993." 
A Rural Fire Defense shop was installed at this unit and all personnel have been trained in the building of the fireknockers. 
Fire control activities have also been outstanding during this year. The Banks-Hall Forestry Unit protects 315,200 acres while their number of wildfires have been held at 105. 
The Baker-Mitchell Forestry Unit has put forth extra effort in many areas over the past year, according to District Forester Greg Findley. 
The Unit has over 311,000 acres under fire protection; it normally averages approximately 200 fires annually. 
In addition to the forest protection activities, personnel has been extremely busy in both district and statewide building projects, working with Rural Fire Departments in both counties, plowing 300 plus miles of pre-suppression firebreaks and issuing over 800 burning permits. 
The work done by the individuals at the Baker-Mitchell Forestry Unit has gone beyond the borders of Baker and Mitchell Counties; their collective efforts have been felt throughout a wide area of the state. 
Georgia Forestry/Fa/11993/17 
 
 Homesites, Wildflowers and Backyard Habitat is one of the popular demon~tration~ at the field day. Five specialists will man this exhibit, just one of 22 mterestmg demonstration stations dealing with forestry and other natural reso urces. 
DR. MACE FIELD DAY KEYNOTER 
 
Dr. Arnett C. Mace, Jr. , dean of the Daniel B. Warnell School of Forest Resources, University of Georgia, will be the keynote speaker at the fourth biennial Land Use and Forest Management Field Day September 22 near Griffin . 
Forester Bob Farris of the Commission 's Newnan District and coordinator of the event to be held on the grounds of the Georgia Experiment Station, said " we are pleased that Dr. Mace has accepted the invitation to be our principal speaker this year. He will 
 
set the ton e for a full day of field demonstrations and other events across 650 acres of forests and fields." 
THOUSANDS EXPECTED 
Following the address by Dr. Mace, who will be introduced by John Mixon, Commission Director, brief remarks will be made by others and then the more than 2,000 expected to attend will fan out across the grounds to visit exhibits ranging from hardwood management and prescribed burn- 
 
(please detach here and return) 
 
LAND US E AND FOR EST MANAGEM ENT FI ELD DAY 
 
REG ISTRATI ON 
 
Sep tember 22, 1993 
 
Name _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ County of Resi dence _ _ _ __ _ _ _ __ 
 
County of Land Ownership _ _ _ _ _ _ __ 
 
Address - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - City ________ State ________ Zip Telephone (d ay) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Evening 
 
$8.00 pre-registration lee belore5 :00 p.m. September 10. Alter September 10, registration will be $10.00. Price includes lunch. Program and hats to the first 1500 registrant s and a chance to win numerous door prizes. 
 
Make check payable to LFMFD. Mail to LFMFD, c/o Albert E. Smith, University ol Georgia Experiment Stations Georgia Station 
 
Griffin, Georgia 30223. 
 
' 
 
' 
 
Who notified you of thi s event? 
 
18/Georgia Forestry/Fall 1993 
 
ing to gully control and timber marketing. 
Professional foresters and other resource specialists will be on hand at the 23 stations to give demonstrations and answer questions. The theme this year will be " Stewardship in Action " and will emphasize the need for landowners and other land managers to follow wise practices to conse!Ve natural resources for future generations, while at the same time learning better ways of making greater profits through proper management. 
Registration for the field day, which is sponsored by the Forestry Commission and several other allied agencies and organizations, will begin at 8:00 A.M. at the site three miles northwest of Griffin on West Ellis Road. 
SHUTTLE SERVICE 
Ample parking will be available and a " hay wagon" shuttle service will transport those attending to the various demonstration stations and other sites. Free soft drinks will be available throughout the day and the first 1,500 to register will receive a free cap and a detailed guide book that will contain information useful to the landowner long after he or she has returned home. 
Pre-registration admission to the field day is $8.00 if paid no later than September 16; the cost after that date is $10.00. The admission ticket includes a barbecue lunch to be served at noon and eligibility to win one of thousands of dollars worth of door prizes. 
Sponsors of the field day, in addition to the Forestry Commission, include The University of Georgia, Georgia Forestry Association, U. S. Department of Agriculture, Georgia Farm Bureau, Department of Natural Resources, Forest Farmers Association, American Forestry Association, Georgia Urban Forest Council and the State Soil and Water Conservation Commission. 
Farris and others involved with the field day planning said many landowners attending the Griffin event in the past have commented on how informative and rewarding they found the exhibits. Visitors to the most recent field day were from 130 Georgia counties and some came from Alabama, Florida, Tennessee and South Carolina. 
Checks should be made payable to LFMFD, c/o Albert E. Smith, Georgia Experiment Station, Griffin, GA 30223. Dial 1-800 GA TREES for additional information . 
 
 Students and teachers gathered for this group shot at the conclusion ofanother successful Forestry Youth Camp at the FFA Camp near Covington. Below, top winners of various skills pose with camp officials. The event, consis.ting of classroom and field instructions concerning forestry and other natural resources, is sponsored by the Society ofAmerican Foresters. Left to right are Billy Lancaster, camp coordinator; joe Matteson of LaFayette, first place; Gene King of Winder, second place; Charlie Akin of Roopville, third place winner; and Bill Consoletti, camp director. 
Georgia Forestry/Fall1993/19 
 
 William Oettmeier, Jr. 
 
SUPERIOR PINE GIVES 
$100,000 SCHOLARSHIP 
FOR UNDERGRADUATES 
Superior Pine Products of Fargo, has donated $100,000 to establish a scholarship for undergraduates in the University of Georgia's Daniel B. Warnell School of Forest Resources. 
The fund establishing the scholarship recognizes the achievements of the company and its presidents, William M . Oettmeier (who served from 1926-75) and William M. Oettmeier Jr. (1975-present). 
The scholarship will reward and assist forestry students who demonstrate excellent potential in the profession. 
"This scholarship will greatly enhance our ability to attract outstanding young men and women to the school and the University of Georgia," said Dr. Arnett C. Mace Jr., dean of the Warnell School. "It will help further their education and enhance the management of Georgia's valuable forest resources." 
William M. Oettmeier, during his half century as president and general manager of Superior Pine Products, founded the Forest Farmers Association and served as its first president He later served as president of the Georgia Forestry Association and vice president of the American Forestry Association. 
His son has also served as president of Forest Farmers and the Georgia Forestry Association. He has been a spokesman for the wise use of forest resources, a strong supporter of the Warnell School and is president-elect of the school's 
20/Georgia Forestry/Fa/11993 
 
In the first years of the Great Depression, Georgia's rural population began to drift to the cities in search of employment and the number of abandoned farms began to mount rapidly. The price of lumber had plunged 35 percent and forest-related jobs were hard to come by. 
One observer during those hard times noted that the mass exodus in 1930 from country homes to urban life left more than 65,000 farms abandoned, more than in any other state. 
Forest landowners naturally called for tax reductions, but in view of rapidly declining state revenues, their pleas fell on deaf 
 
ears at the state capitol. Another problem that hit woodland owners and farmers in 1931 was a prolonged drought that extended into the spring of the following year, the longest recorded in Georgia in more than 20 years. 
In some counties, forest losses from fire was as high as 90 percent. Although it meant a loss of federal matching funds which could be used in forest fire control, no increases were made in state appropriation for forestry activities. The state funds provided for forestry in 1931 was $28,659, or less than one tenth of one percent of state revenues that totaled $30.7 million. 
 
Alumni Association steering committee. 
Recipients of the scholarships must be forestry students who have completed at least 30 credits in the professional forestry program and attained a grade point average of at least 3.0. They must have demonstrated professional involvement and a commitment to the management and use of forest resources. 
Preference will be given to Georgia 
 
students, particularly those from South Georgia. 
For information on the scholarships, . contact Dr. Arnett C. Mace Jr., at the Daniel B. Warnell School of Forest Resources, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602. 
Fargo is located in Clinch County near the Georgia-Florida border, about 45 miles southeast of Valdosta (Phil Williams, office of Public Information, The University of Georgia) 
 
 Barbara Roland waters redwood foliage a buzzard and deer watch. 
 
REDWOODS IN GEORGIA 
 
million years ago, sheet of ice advancin g over the earth altered the growth region of redwood trees and confined their range to a limited area of northern California. Barbara Roland, an innovative grower of tree , hopes that rang can now be extended to  Grovetown, Georgia. Two y ars ago , Roland planted SO redwood tree and 20 of the trees not only urvived, but are now thriving in the Grovetown climate a few miles from Augu ta. The tallest of the 20 urvivors i four feet in height, which i impressive when considering California redwood -in favorable condition - average SO feet in height over a 20 year period. " But the impre ive thing to me is that I believe they would have all survived and done well, if I had known then what I know now," Roland said . Although she had done considerable research , Roland did not know how critical it i not to di turb the root y tern of redwoods or even the oil surrounding the root ystem . " I knew it was important," she said, "but I didn't know how delicate th e roots were - especially for uch a potentially big tree." Roland explained the root ystem i broad and hallow, 
 
with the mo t en itive area lyingjust a few inches be low the urface of the ground. Thi fragile r-oot network upports the world' talle t tree orne reaching more than 3SO feet in height. 
Roland ordered the SO redwood seedling from a California distributor for $14.9S each. All eedlings arrived in good health. She planted 30 seedlings in SO gallon drums and 20 in large wa htubs. Removing the trees from drum for replanting was difficult. The root and soil were disturbed - ornetime only lightly di turbed. All redwood removed from the drums died. The washtubs, however, enabled Roland to remove the contents of soil and root without di turbance; all 20 of these redwoods are alive and well with healthy, rapidly growing green foliage . 
BASIC SECRET 
"Thi is the basic secret- if you want to call it that - of planting redwoods. Don't disturb the root systems," she said. "I didn't know if any of them would survive in Georgia' climate, but the urvivor are living proof so far, and they're doing fine. " 
Roland is no stranger to planting tree and practicing good stewardship 
 
concerning fore try and nature in general. During the past 2S years on 3SO acres of rural property, she has planted S,OOO pines and 200 dogwoods, mainly as windbreakers for the open land and to provide wildlife habitat. Numerous specie of wildlife roam her planted habitat. She has a license to rehabilitate wild animals that have been injured or abandoned. The result is a menagerie of creatures awaiting relea e back into the wilds. Some of the rehabilitating residents, however, grow to like Roland's place so much that they hang around after they are fully recovered and released . These include deer, rabbits , possums, raccoons, dogs, etc. 
FRIENDlY BUZZARD 
One of the mo t noticeable members of the menagerie i Otis-TheFriendly-Buzzard. Otis was an abandoned buzzard chick that decided to maintain his re idence. When not circling overhead-pretending to look for a rotted carcass like any self respecting buzzard should- Otis likes to perch on a tub containing one of the redwoods, awaiting a handout of his favorite food , pepperoni pizza. If no handout comes along, he walks backwards around the yard scratching up earthworm snacks, then return to redwood perch. 
I don't know why he likes the redwood, or that particular redwood in general," Roland said. "Some birds and animals prefer not only certain tree species, but have a special tree they like." 
FUTURE GEORGIA REDWOODS? 
Planting pines, dogwoods and redwoods all blend with Roland's animalrehabilitation act1v1t1es. She has established a mini nature preserve of sorts that is well known in the area. She conducts regular nature tour for school children through her cultivated forests, which have included as many as 180 children in one tour. 
Roland practices what she preaches about good stewardship of land and forests. Although civilization is encroaching on her small forest preserve, she intends to keep cultivating nature and offering a place of learning and appreciation for the younger generation. 
Planting more redwoods will be a major factor in this cultivation. 
"I don't know what they (redwoods) will do over the long haul in Georgia because that would take a long time," Roland said. "Some are thousands of yea rs old, so there's no way to know 
(continued on next page) 
Georgia Forestry/Fall 7993/21 
 
 THE BOOK CORNER 
A FOREST JOURNEY, by John Perlin, Harvard University Press, $14.95 Paperback. 
A Forest joumey is a fascinating and disturbing panorama of tree exploitation over a 5,000 year period on five continents. Author  john Perlin weaves a 361-page excursion revealing man's exploitation of trees began in ancient Mesopotamia - where civilization first emerged. 
Perlin points out that throughout history, the deterioration of civilizations followed the decline of forests. A prime example cited is the Roman Empire that consumed more than 500 million trees over a 400 year period for silver smelting furnaces. 
During historical periods of accelerated growth, some societies deemed wood more valuable than precious stones or metals; but even when pragmatism prevailed, very few people saw handwriting on the wall. As Perlin advances the reader through forest history and one onslaught after another, there is little recognition of man's fragile and necessary link with other Earth life forms and such inevitable repercussions as the greenhouse effect. 
This book, however, is more than a chronicle of deforestation. It is a revelation of the need for reforestation and rational forestry management - before it is too late. An impressive collection of photographs, maps, and etchings complement a text that should be equally thought provoking for foresters, conservationists, environmentalists, and human beings in general because everybody has to live on this planet for now. 
The book quotes a leading citizen of 17th century England as saying his country would be better off "without gold than without timber." That is something to think about today. 
22/Georgia Forestry/Fa/17993 
 
(continued from page 20) what survival growth rate, or size might occur in Georgia." 
Although she has no formal education or training in forestry or any of the natural sciences, she is extremely knowledgeable on a wide range of nature subjects. Serving nine years on a local library board put in her proximity with a lot of books. " I just read up on some things," Roland says modestly of her research. She is a member of the Georgia Conservancy and a number of other state and national organizations concerned with nature and forestry. 
On the basis of her research and growing experiment, Roland believes redwoods can be successfully grown in Georgia if changing climate conditions do not prevent it. "We don't know what kind of climate changes we 're going to have in the future, or how these are going to effect Georgia and the entire world," Roland said. " We 're getting more and more of what the biblical scriptures say about reaching a time when you can't tell one season from another. Just consider the last five years, our summer's are getting hotter and our winters are milder." 
Nevertheless, Roland will continue her redwood planting as long as she gets good results. The values of forest and land stewardship have been instilled in her three children, and she hopes they will do the same with their children. So maybe many generations from now, redwood forests of some sort might grow in Georgia, and her 
 
forest nature preserve will still be flourish ing. "Time will tell, " Roland said. 
Considering the odds of future redwood forests in the Augusta area, the prospects are dim; but Barbara Roland has already beaten the odds with an excellent survival rate. Another encouraging factor is a redwood , approximately 80 feet tall, growing in an Augusta residential area. 
The impressive residential specimen is a Sierra wood or sequoia (Sequoiadendron giganteum), the same species planted by Barbara Roland . Ideal growing conditions described by Save-the-Redwoods League of San Francisco- are a contrast to the Augusta climate, but the single residential specimen and Roland 's 20 survivors are doing well. The League points out that the sequoia is "less suited to the Southeastern states, perhaps, because of hot, humid summers." 
The League also emphasizes that "any attempts to grow redwoods outside their natural ran ge should be considered experimental unless previous plantings have proved successful." 
Barbara Roland is trying to establish some successful plantings for the record. Since the giant se quoias are among the largest and oldest of living organisms - some predating the birth of Christ by 2000 years- Roland thinks their isplenty of time for others to continue her initial efforts to see how mature specimens fare in Georgia. 
 
TREE IMPROVEMENT PROGRAM 
(continued from page 73) 
double benefit when the organization 's loblolly pine annual improvement rate is added to the benefits. "We have the same public service 10 percent improvement rate for loblolly pine on an additional 30,000 acres for Georgia reforestation," said Pohl. "Of course, this doubles economic benefits to private landowners and the state's economy to $1.5 million a year." 
Projecting similar future benefits, Pohl pointed out that a new Commission seed orchard, now being developed on the Flint River, will begin producing seedlings in the next seven years. "This will add still another 10 percent to the improvement rate for 30,000 acres - that would bring total financial benefits to Georgia Forestry to over $2 million a year," Pohl said. 
 
Pohl emphasized the Commission's public service tree improvement program is particularly important to Georgia's private (non-industrial) tree growers because the genetic improvements sought by industry differ from those necessary to meet the statewide needs of landowners. 
"Private industry focuses tree improvement on a very concentrated base of objectives," Pohl explained, "simply because they know where the trees will be planted and the exact rotation cycle," Pohl said. " We (the Commission) place an emphasis on a more genetic diversity of improvement so the needs of landowners in locations throughout the state will be covered. It's sort of like a diversified portfolio - covering a lot of bases so a break in one or two chain links will cause no great harm in improved production." 
 
 SPENCER McGRAW, district ranger, Rome, who came with the Commission in 1961 in the Cherokee County Unit, retired July 31. Many co-workers and other friends honored the retiring ranger at a dinner at the Palladium in 
Rome. MeG raw was made assistant ranger of the Paulding County Unit in 1963 and seNed in other areas before moving to his Rome assignment in 1984. He is a native of Haralson County and a graduate of Bremen High School. He attended West Georgia College for two years. McGraw and his wife, Juanita, and sons, John and Joseph, attend the United Methodist Church ... BILL REASONOVER, a native of Camden, South Carolina, and a graduate of Clemson University, is now forester and chief ranger of the Commission's Johnson County Unit. Reasonover, who succeeds MaNin Prater in the post, was supeNisor of the lumber division of Westvaco Corporation's SummeNille, S. C. opera- 
tions for four years. The new ranger is a member of the First United Methodist Church of Wrightsville. He participates in the triathlon in Georgia and in his native state... BOB HENSON, who came with the Commission in 1981 as a forest patrolman with the Columbia County Unit, is now chief ranger of the McDuffie County Unit. Henson trans- 
 
ferred to McDuffie in 1987. A native of Loui sville and graduate of Louisville Academy, he seNed with the Marines in Vietnam during 1969-70. His commendations include safety awards and a letter from the governor for assistance on a Western Fire Crew. Henson is a member of the National Guard, VFW, and American Legion. He attends the United Methodist Church in Harlem...Forester BUFORD SANDERS.a graduate of the University of Georgia, came with the Commission in June and has been assigned to the Washington District office to work in reforestation in Warren and Taliaferro Counties. Sanders is a native of Albany, but grew up in Chamblee. He seNed as an intern in the Athens District while completing his education at UGA. The new forester is married to the former Miss Teri Fallaw of Athens and they are members of the Baptist Church... 
 
HOMER BENNETT, Chief Ranger of the Lamar-Pike-Spalding Unit since 1984, was recently honored at a retirement dinner in Griffin. The ranger, who came with the Commission as a patrolman in 1969, was praised for his performance in directing activities of the big, tri-county unit. Bennett and his wife, Mary Lou, have three children and four grandchildren...JEFF KENERLY was named Chief Ranger to succeed 
 
BENNETI 
 
HERRIN 
 
Bennett. A native of Carrollton, he came with the Commission in 1988. Kenerly received an associate degree in marketing and forest technology from Abraham Baldwin Agricultural College. The new ranger and his wife, April, live in Pike County...Commission employees and other friends of SHARON BENNETT will gather in Waycross for a dinner in early October to honor the Waycross District Secretary. She retired in August to end a 34-year career with the Commission. The retired secretary, a native of Ware County and a graduate of Wacona High School, lives in Waycross with her husband, Andrew. They have two children ...GLORIA HERRIN, who formerly worked with the Department of Family and Children Services in Waycross succeeds Bennett in the secretarial post. She and her husband and their two children live in Manor and the family attends Zenith Baptist Church. 
SOCIID HONORS GEORGIAN 
A Macon resident is among the ten recipients of the 1993 Honor Awards presented by the Soil and Water ConseNation Society at the national organization's 48th annual meeting held in Forth Worth, Texas. 
Elsie Todd Daniels, a retired Macon school teacher and the only Georgian to receive the award, was recognized for her commitment to educate children of all ages on the importance of conseNation practice. 
Daniels has been certified in intercultural understanding and recently returned from Moscow, 
KILN COURSE SCHEDULED 
A short cou rse on Quality Drying of Construction Pine Lumber will be held November 1-2 at the Georgia Forestry Commission in Macon. 
The course concerning southern yellow pine high temperature dry kilns is sponsored by the University of Georgia Cooperative Extension Service, the Georgia Forestry Commission and the University of Wisconsin Extensive SeNice. 
Following the two-day basic course, a seminar on tools for Total Quality Management in Kiln Drying will be held November 3. 
For additional information, contact Julian Beckwith , Wood Products Specialist, University of Georgia Extension SeNice, Athens, GA 30602. Phone (706) 542-3446. 
Georgia Forestry/Fa/11993/23 
 
 Tree planting represents a wise investment, but in some cases, it's an unselfish endeavor. You might not be around for instance when the trees you plant this year reach maturity and the timber is ready for a profitable harvest, but someone will. Perhaps someone close. 
Quality seedlings are available at Commission nurseries and now is the time to make that investment for the future. 
 
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