FARMERS & CONSUMERS Tommy Irvin, Commissioner Georgia Department of Agriculture Market Bulletin VOL 68, NO. 31 Wednesday, August 4, 1982 Pamela Skipp&i "Make the Move To Improve" What are young people doing to day to prepare for our country's tomorrow? Many of us have found that various student organizations can provide ex citing learning ex periences that we can't get anywhere else. One of the largest vocational youth organiza tions in Georgia is Future Home makers of Ameri ca. Twenty-three Georgia state of ficers and 16,000 Georgia members unite with half a million members (Our guest columnist this week is Pamela Skipper, State President, Future Homemakers of America, Cochran 31014.) across the United States to make up a group of young people who are very concerned about the future of the world. How are Future Homemakers preparing for the future? Through projects to improve personal, home, and community living. Local chapters carry out many of the pro jects used throughout the state. Some of the statewide projects are: FHA -- The K.E.Y. to Service (Kids, Elderly, Youth) which focuses on the experiences of all age groups and demonstrates respect for their (Continued on Page 13) Index Letters to the Editor................. . page 2 Georgia Cooking............. . page 5 Tobacco Schedule............. page 14 Bulletin Calendar............. page 15 Harvest Chart................. page 15 Thank You for Your Support Due in part to the efforts of the readers and supporters of the FARMERS AND CONSUMERS MARKET BULLETIN, postage rates have been temporarily rolled back for the remainder of the federal fiscal year (August through September). The letters you wrote President Reagan, your Senators and Con- j gressmen were not in vain. Your efforts along with requests I made for | reconsideration of this postage increase helped provide this small I period of relief. | Once again, we would like to express our appreciation, as we did in v the March 31, 1982 issue, to all of our good friends in the Georgia Legislature, especially House and Senate members of The Joint Con ference Committee who are to be commended for their continued sup- / port of the MARKET BULLETIN by assuring the continuity of the BULLETIN through adequate funding. Thank you for your continued support of the BULLETIN. Tommy Irvin Commissioner of Agriculture mmemm MARKET BULLETIN staff v, * Electronic Marketing Featured at Seminar Atlanta has been selected as one of four locations for regional seminars on electronic marketing of livestock and other agricultural products. The seminar will be August 9 and 10 at the Sheraton Inn-Airport. Opening remarks will be made by Commissioner of Agriculture Tom my Irvin. Topics of regional interest as well as costs, do's and don'ts, operations and commodity-related discussion groups will be part of the program. The seminar is sponsored by the Virginia Cooperative Extension Ser vice in cooperation with the Georgia Department of Agriculture, USDA and private industry. Boar Test Sale Area Agencies on Aging Offer Set in Tifton A swine producer cannot be cer tain if he will improve or hurt his herd's performance level when pur chasing a boar without performance records. Research has shown that economically important traits such as growth rate, feed conversion, lit ter size and litter weight cannot be improved by selecting replacement boars based on physical appearance. To improve these traits, boars should be purchased from central or onfarm tests. The Tifton Central Boar Test Sale is planned for August 5, at 1 p.m., at the Coastal Plain Sale Arena. The sale will give swine producers an op portunity to purchase boars carrying these economically important traits. Durco, Yorkshire, Hampshire and Chester White tested boars will be of fered for sale. Seedstock producers were en couraged to submit their best boars for this central test. The boars were reared on cement so feet and leg soundness could be accurately evaluated. Many excellent boars on the test are available which would improve many seedstock and com mercial producers' herds. Tested boars also can be purchas ed from seedstock producers enroll ed in the new Georgia Swine Test Programs (on-farm testing). Boars (Continued on Page 16) Help For Senior Citizens in Need The Farmers and Consumers Market Bulletin receives dozens of letters from retired farmers and other individuals requesting help with problems concerning social security, health, transportation, and nursing homes. While the Department of Agriculture is not authorized to offer aid in this capacity, there are agencies within Georgia government that can lend a helping hand. Fall Land Edition The Georgia Department of Human Resources offers many pro grams designed to fulfill the special The fall farm land edition of the Farmers and Con sumers Market Bulletin has been scheduled for an earlier date this year. It will be published September 22. Deadline for this issue is September 8. All notices must be receiv ed writing prior to this deadline. Ads are limited to 30 words including name and address. Please indicate county where property is located and acreage. Also, please include your phone number in case we have questions regarding your ad. All ads published in the farm land edition must be submitted by individual owners. No realtors or agents are allowed to adver tise. needs of many citizens in the state. The Department's Area Agencies on Aging, for example, are designed specifically for Georgia's elderly citizens. The Area Agencies on Aging offer a variety of services including infor mation referral, meals on wheels, transportation for medical appoint ments and shopping, senior centers, custodial care and adult rehabilita tion. In addition, these agencies help locate housing for the elderly, pro vide legal aid, provide a nursing home ombudsman, and offer pro grams dealing with prevention of abuse of older persons. They also provide a referral service for volunteers, counseling services and answer questions on Social Security. If you would like help or additional information concerning any of these services, contact the Area Agency on Aging nearest you; area offices are listed on page 13. (Continued on Page 13) Page 2 m iu m u 19 as *4 a* *(* zo */ / & 7 t q /3 /f 16 H> Ao m m A3 M J? tf Jjo -G1-02-03-04-05-06-07-08-09-10-11-1^-13-14-15-16-1 7-18- 19-20-21-22-23-24-25-26-27-28--29-30-31- --- -- +- -- 4---- -- 4---- + - -- -- I i i XI I I I I XI XI I I I I XI I I I I r I I XI I i i i XI X I I I -- -- I i XI I XI XI I XI I I XI I XI XI I XI I XI I XI I XI I XI XI i XI I I XI I X 101 73 STATESBORO r xi i I I I XI I I I I XI I I I I XI I XI i XI I I r i XI i I I I XI 102 34 HAZLEHURST 102 54 METIER 102 83 VIDAL IA 103 20 DOUGLAS i i i I XI XI I I I I I XI l I XI I I I XI I XI I I i i i i XI X I I I ---4-- I I XI I I I I I I XI I I I 1 I XI I I I I I r XI I I XI I I I I I I I XI I XI I XI I I XI XI XI I XI I XI XI I I XI XI I XI I XI I XI XI I XI I I XI XI XI -- 4*- -1- - -- 4 --- 4. - -4-- -- + - -- +---- +- -- 4.--- + --4- -- -- 4 I XI XI XI XI I XI XI XI XI I I XI XI XI XI XI XI XI r XI XT XT 'XI I XI X I XI XI I 103 28 FITZGERALD 104 04 ALMA 104 06 BLACKSHEAR 104 37 WAYCROSS I I XI I I I I XI I I I I XI XI I I I I I I I XI I I I I XI I I I r XI -----4- - I I XI I I XI I I I I XI I I XI I I XI I I I XI I l XI I I XI I I I XI I I XI I I XI I XI I XI XI I I X I I XI XI I I XI XI I XI XI I XI I I XI XT I I XI I I I XI I I I X I I I I X I I I I I I X I I I I I I I I XI I I I XI I I 105 02 ADEL 105 04 ALMA 105 33 HAHIRA I I XI I I I I I XI XI I I I I I XI I I I I I I l XI I I XI I I I I I I I I I I I I XI I I I I I I I I I I XI I I I I I I I I I I I l XI ------------------4-- -----4-, I XI I I I I XI I I I I I XI I XI I I XI I I I X I I I XI I I I I XI I I 105 62 PELHAM I I I I XI XI I I I I XI I I XI I I I I I XI I I XI I I I I XI X l I I I 105 79 THCMASVILLE 106 58 NASHVILLE 106 80 TIFTON I I I XI I I I I I I I XI I I I I XI I I I X I I I I I X I I I I I X I I I XI I XI I I XI XI XI XI I XI I I XI I X I XI I X I I X I I XI XI X I I X I I XI I XI I I XI I XI XI I I I I XI I XI XI I XI I I XI I XI I XI I I I X I I X I I X I I 107 55 MOULTRIE 108 37 HIGH SPRINGS 108 38 JASPER 103 50 MADISON FLA 108 82 VALDOSTA 109 42 LAKE CITY FLA 109 46 LIVE OAK SaLe. I XI XI XI XI XI XI XI XI XI XI XI XI XI XI XI XI XI XT XI XI XI XI XI XI XI XI XI XI XI XI XI -- 4 ---- 4--- 4--- 4- -- 4- -----4- -- 4--- 4- l 1 X 1 1 I 1 1 X I 1 I I I XI r I I I XI r 1 r XI I r r r XI I 1 r I XI I 1 1 I I XI 1 I 1 I I I I XI I I I I 1 1 1 1 XI 1 1 1 1 I 1 XI I I r 1 1 I XI I 1 I 1 I XI I I 1 I Xf I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 XI 1 1 I 1 1 I I 1 XI 1 XI I I XI I XI XI I XI I 1 XI I X I l XI XI XI 1 1 XI 1 XI 1 XI XT 1 X I I 1 1 XI 1 I XI I I I I XI I I XI I XI I I XI I 1 XI 1 1 1 1 1 XI X|X 1 I I 1 XI I XI XI I XI XI XI XI I XI XI I XI I X I XI 1 XI XI I XI XI XI 'XI XI r XI XI XI j A3 s t? 7 8 ' 7 ' /o // ------4 /A /3 '/& j(0 '9 n ------4--------4-------4--------4-------4-------4------ 4--------4------- 4--------4-------4------- 4--------4 /? AO AA A3 AE A(> a? -3? 39 30 3/ Page 14 Wednesday, August 4; 49&2 ' QQ consumer line . . . THE MARKET BULLETIN Traditional Tobacco (Continued from Page 16) I bought some bananas at a fruit stand that were supposed to weight three pounds, but only weighed two pounds according to my local grocery store scales. Please check this stand. S. E. Conyers Our inspector found the scales to be incorrect and the manager has discontinued using them until he can buy a new set. He will sell the bananas by the bunch in the meantime. *** Please identify these weeds. I found them in my frozen spinach. K. C. Atlanta Laboratory analysis revealed that the sample belongs to the mustard green family. We have notified the company of our findings. *** For action and answers to areas regulated by the Georgia Department of Agriculture, write Consumer Services at Room 300, Capitol Square, Atlanta, Georgia 30334, or call toll-free at 1-800-282-5852 statewide, or in metro Atlanta, 656-3645. Pick Vegetables at Proper Time (Continued from Page 16) sunny. However, vegetables such as cucumbers and lettuce are crisper and more flavorful when picked in the early morning. To keep your garden productive, pick the largest vegetables when yau harvest, particularly if you have cab bage, head lettuce and root crops. This provides space for remaining plants to grow larger. Some folks think that the larger a vegetable grows, the better. However, this only holds true if your goal is to win a prize at the county fair. Often, the larger a vegetable grows, the tougher it becomes. Younger, smaller vegetables usually are best for eating and preserving. The following table provides sug gestions to help you determine the proper stage of maturity for harvesting your crops. HARVEST CHART Vegetable Asparagus Beans, lima Beans, pole Beans, snap bush Beets Cabbage Cantaloupes Carrots Collards Corn, sweet Cucumber Eggplant Okra Peas, English Peas, Southern Pepper, pimento Potato, Irish Potato, sweet Rhubarb Squash, summer Squash, winter Too Early Optimum Too Late insufficient length 6-8 in., no fiber excess woody fiber in stem insufficient bean bright green, pod-- yellow pods size seed good size insufficient size bean full, seed 'A large seeds, fiberous grown pods - insufficient size pods swollen, seeds large seed, fiberous just visible pods insufficient size roots 2-3 inches pithy roots, strong diameter taste insufficient leaf firm heads, tight loose leaves, color cover leaves change from green to yellow stem does not want stem breaks away background color of to separate from clean when pulled melon is yellow, fruit rind soft insufficient size Vz in. to 3A in. strong taste, over sweet at shoulder insufficient leaf size bright green, small midrib Irg., fiberous midrib grain watery, small grain plump, liquid grains starting to dent in milk stage liquid in dough stage insufficient size skin dark green, skin beginning to yellow soft insufficient size high glossy skin, seeds brown, sides don't side springs back spring back when mashed insufficient size 2-3 in. long, tender fiberous, tough pods peas immature, too pods soft, peas sm.- pods yellow, peas Irg. sm. to shell med. peas immature, too seeds fully develop seeds hard, pods dry sm. to shell ed but still soft, pods soft insufficient size bright red & firm pod shriveled insufficient size when tops begin to damaged by freezing die back weather sm. size, immature most roots, 2-3 in. early planting get too Irg. in diameter & crack, damaged by temperatures below 50 F stems sm., immature stems 8-15 in. long fleshy stem becomes best fiberous insufficient size rind penetrated by penetration by thumbnail thumbnail, pick difficult, Irg. seeds when small rind soft rind penetration by damaged by frost thumbnail difficult 1900's. Sumatra, a shade-grown tobacco used for cigar wrappers was a popular Georgia-grown leaf. By 1900 thousands of Georgia acres were covered with canvas tents that protected the plants from the direct rays of the sun and pounding rain. The Sumatra trend did not last, however, as cost of production was considerably higher than growing flue-cured. Also, technology developed a reconstituted tobacco sheet that could replace the conven tional cigar wrapper. Flue-cured tobacco is greatly in fluenced by the soil in which it is grown. It thrives in sandy loamy soil. It is ready for harvest when the green begins to fade and the leaves become a dull yellowish-green, the tips cream-colored. As the leaves ripen, they are "primed," snapped off three to five at a time starting at the bottom of each plant. Since tobacco is prim ed about once a week, it takes farmers from four to six weeks to bring in an entire crop. Many Georgia farmers still prime their crops by hand. Six to eight primers or "croppers" move down the rows of tobacco. The leaves are piled on trailers to be pulled by trac tor to the curing barn. An acre of tobacco will require 300 to 400 man hours from planting to harvest. Only recently has mechanized harvesting and curing replaced hand labor. One-man harvesters strip the leaves up to a certain height on the stalk and deposit them automatically in trailers. Besides harvesting, curing also is done mechanically. Humidity, temperature and air circulation are more easily controlled in bulk barns than in conventional curing barns. The need for constant surveillance by the farmers is eliminated. Curing takes place in three stages: yellowing, drying of the leaf and dry ing of the stem. In the yellowing stage, heat is maintained at around 90 to 100 degrees for 24 to 40 hours. The temperature is then raised to 135 to 140 degrees to dry the leaf and fix the color. This stage takes 30 to 36 hours. Finally the heat is raised to 160 to 165 degrees to dry the stem. Then ventilator openings in the barn walls are thrown wide open so the cured tobacco can absorb moisture from the atmosphere. Today, Georgia is tied with Virginia for fourth place in cash crop receipts from tobacco in the United States. Annual crop revenues in Georgia have exceeded 100 million dollars for the past eight years. First Experiment Farm The first agricultural experiment farm and station in the United States was established in Savannah in 1735. Experi ment stations continue to play an impor tant role in agricultural research and development which benefits Georgia farmers and farmers throughout the world as well. Tomatoes Watermelon may be harvested in three stages: mature green, tomato firm, color change; from green to light green, no pink color showing on blossomend, pink, pink color on blossom end size of dime, ripen in 3 days at rm. temp., ripe, tomato full red but still firm, use immediately flesh green-stem green and difficult to separate melon surface next to ground turns from light straw color to a richer color top surface has dull look First Chartered University The first state university chartered and supported by state funds was the Univer sity of Georgia in Athens. Although it was chartered on January 27, 1785, it did not open to students until 1801. The first school of forestry in the South also was established at the University of Georgia in 1906. Page t'5 --Bulletin^ Calendar August 5 - Tifton Boar Test sale, 1 pm, Coastal Plain Sale Arena, Tifton. Info. 912/386-3407. August 6-8 pm, Feeder Pig sale, Turner Co. Stockyards, Ashburn. Info. H. R. Wiggins, 912 / 567-3371. August 6 - All Breed horse/tack sale, 8 pm, Sunny Farm Stables, Hwy. 369, Cumming. Info. Charles Gabriel 887-9273 or 532-7923. August 6 - Bulloch Co. Purebred Swine Breeders sale, Durocs, Hamps, Polands, Spots and Yorks, boars / open gilts, 7:30 pm, Bulloch Co. Livestock Center, 3 miles S. of Statesboro. Info. Solly Trapnell 912 / 839-3775. August 7 - Metier pony/goat sale, 12 noon, specializing in equip ment, horses, goats, fowl, Met ier. Info. Edward Mosley 912 / 685-2950. August 7 - Jesup goat sale, 1 pm, Wayne Co. Stockyard, sale of goats, chickens, misc. Info. Glynn Wynn 912/586-6117. August 7 - Ga. Rabbit Breeders monthly meeting, 6 pm, Civic Center, Thomaston, Dr. David M. Bedell speaker, open to public. Info. 404/647-7258 after 9 pm. August 9 - Metro Rabbit Breeders Assn, monthly meeting, 8 pm, Ga. Power Bldg., Jonesboro, business to follow with guest speaker. Info. Shirley Wills 404 / 471-5773. August 10 - Metro Atlanta Bee keepers Assn, meeting, in Judge Peeler's Court, Rm. 401, DeKalb County Court House, Decatur. Info. Paul Harrison 294-8163 or Sterling Hunt 633-1013. August 12 - Hampshire, Duroc and Spot sale, 7:30 pm, Edsei Lewis Farm, Route 4, Baxley. Info. 912/367-3264. August 12 - Decatur Rabbit Breed ers Assn, monthly meeting, in teresting program at 7 pm, business meeting to follow, Mathis Dairy, Rainbow Drive, Decatur. Info. G. Stahlkuppe 344-6747. August 14 - Georgia-Florida Spot ted Breeders Assn, show/sale, Ag. Center in Douglas, show 8:30 am, sale 7:30 pm. Info. Ga.-Fla. Spotted Breeders Assn., c/o Hank Stringer, Route 4, Box 274, Thomasville 31792. TRAINING & EDUCATION August 9 & 16 and every Monday night, jumping clinic with Vick Russell, Grand Prix jumper, 7:30-10 pm, indoor at Little Creek Horse Center, Decatur. Info. Ann Genovese 289-7535 or 321-9155. Legal Notice Notice is hereby given that the Commissioner of Agriculture will consider the repeal of rules of the Georgia Department of Agriculture, Chapter 40-4-10 entitled "Camellia Flower Blight Quarantine," on August 31, during normal office hours (8 a.m. to 4:30 p.m.) in the of fices of the Georgia Department of Agriculture, 19 Martin Luther King, Jr. Drive, SW, Atlanta. Any party wishing to express an opinion or view on the proposed repeal of the above mentioned rules and regulations may do so by contac ting Ron Conley at 404-656-4958 or writing to him at the Department of Agriculture. Page 16 "I would like to find out a good way to plant tiny seeds like carrot and radish," writes Fred T. Hall of Forest Park. "I am sure that others like myself have problems with these tiny seed and I would like to have some advice from your readers." Vera Strickland of Morris remembers an unusual method for keeping worms off collards. "I have seen my mother get nine green worms off of a collard plant, put them in a bottle and tie the bottle to the garden fence," she explained. "My mother said that this would make the rest of the worms leave the collards." The female eggplant is loaded with seeds while the male fruit only has a few. To tell the difference, look at the blossom end (the one opposite the stem) where there is an indenta tion or scar. If the scar is oval, the plant is female and probably very seedy. If it is round, the plant is male and not so seedy. To make a simple, mini hanging plant, hollow out the fat end of a car rot. Make three holes for strings one inch from the edge. Fill with water and the carrot should produce a fern like growth from the bottom. Soil can also be added in the hollowed out portion and seeds can be planted. Cucumbers may have a bitter flavor for a number of reasons. For one, some varieties are just more bit ter than others. Growing conditions also affect flavor. Cucumbers given plenty of moisture, fertilizer, and warm temperatures are seldom bit ter. In addition, many cucumbers turn bitter towards the end of their fruiting season. In midsummer, your petunias are likely to become a little straggly. Cut the flowers back to about two inches from the ground to encourage the plants to produce new foliage and flowers that will last the remainder of the season. Children have always enjoyed having a secret place of their own. So, if you have children or grand children, plant them an oldfashioned bean tent. Drive wooden stakes in the ground about three feet away from a fence or around a tall center pole. Leave a gap between two of the poles to serve as an entrance. Plant seed according to package instructions. Pole beans are traditional for this kind of tent but you can also use morning glories, climbing nasturtiums, gourds or scarlet runner beans. When the vines appear, guide them onto the strings and soon the tent will be complete. See Page 14 for final Tobacco Market Schedule THE MARKET BULLETIN 09 consumer line... I have recently moved to Georgia from the North and have noticed that there are no earthworms in my yard. I have been told that they are good for aerating the soil. I want to know why there are none in my yard. Do they only live in certain areas of the state or in certain types of soil? J. T. Marietta Your lawn is probably located on a clay bed and worms do not live in clay because it is too hard and dry for them. They prefer loose, moist dirt that is fertile. Worms generally are found in wooded areas where leaves have decayed, around compost piles, and in garden areas where the ground has been tilled and fertilized. *** Two weeks ago my car stopped running after I filled up the tank. Dirt and sand were found in the fuel line by my mechanic. Please check out this sta tion's diesel gas. C. Z. Columbus Our inspector pulled a sample of diesel and delivered it to the lab in Forest Park. No water or foreign particles was found in the gas. Please call our office right away whenever you have a problem of his nature. Since there was a two week lapse in the time you purchased your diesel fuel and when you called us, the supply from which you made your purchase was probably all sold. (Continued on Page 15) Wednesday, August 4, 1982 Boar Test Sale Set in Tifton (Continued from Page 1) enrolled in the on-farm programs or the Tifton Central Boar Test are ranked based on an index. The in dex takes into consideration the relative importance of the traits measured. It is the best estimate of the animals' overall genetic value. Boars with a high index value have a high genetic value. Index selection is the most effective method to simultaneously improve two or more traits. Utilization of the swine test pro gram can result in genetic improve ment which can be passed on to the commercial customers. For more in formation concerning the programs contact your local county Extension agent. (This article was prepared for the MARKET BULLETIN by Erik Cleveland, Extension animal scientist, Tifton 31793.) Learn the Basics Traditional Tobacco Industry on Raising Goats Continues to Grow in Georgia "Keeping a Dairy Goat in the City," will be discussed August 14, 11 a.m. at the Urban Garden Center, 321 West Hill Street, Decatur. The course is the last of a summer-long series of backyard and farmsteading Tobacco has been an integral part of Georgia agriculture for more than 200 years. It established Georgia as a valuable exporting colony, rescued farmers from the boll weevil and has proven its dependability as a marketable crop by adding millions of dollars annually to state agricultural revenues. workshops sponsored by the DeKalb Urban Gardening Program. Thomas Jefferson said Georgia The gold leaf went to market over would be an ideal place to grow dirt roads to the Savannah river, The workshop conducted by Joan Stone, DeKalb County farmsteader, will cover the basics of keeping a goat, costs involved and uses for goat milk. Goats also will be on display. The workshop is free but registra tion is required. For more informa tion call Mary Singleton, DeKalb Ex tension Service, 371-2821. tobacco as early as 1782. At the time he implied that the fertile soil and warm climate of our state would pro vide such superior growing condi tions that Maryland and Virginia would be surpassed in tobacco pro duction. By the late 18th century, Georgia exported 176,732 pounds of tobacco. near present-day August. By 1791 Georgia ranked third among southern states in tobacco produc tion. In 1793, however, the development of the cotton gin caused tobacco pro duction to decline. Farmers could not resist the temptation to plant the lucrative cotton crop which at the time brought much higher prices than tobacco. Farmers still grew enough tobacco Pick Vegetables at Proper Time for their personal use and after the For Best Quality and Flavor This is the fourth in a series of ar ticles about the hiltory of Georgia agriculture. ___________ People plant vegetable gardens for a variety of reasons but they usually share one common goal -- the harvest. Harvesting involves more than simply picking and eating. If you harvest at the proper stage, you can enjoy vegetables at the peak of their quality. In addition, yield can often Pick Your Own An updated pick-your-own listing will be published in the MARKET BULLETIN on August 25. if you would like to be included in this listing, please send us information on your operation by August 11. Be sure to include directions, your phone number, restric tions, hours picking is allow ed, and the time period your crop will be available. If you were included in our previous listing, plese do not resubmit this information. be extended and increased by pick ing regularly. If not harvested at the proper stage of maturity, physiological processes can take place which alter the taste, appearance and quality of vegetables. This, along with afterharvest handling and the time gap between picking and serving affect the quality of all vegetables. Most vegetables should be kept cool from the time of harvest until the time they are cooked, eaten or preserved. Refrigeration helps slow down deteriorating processes and in most cases helps increase shelf life. The time of day you harvest can make a difference in the flavor and texture of your vegetables. For exam ple, corn should be picked late in the day for sweetness; that is when the ears contain the most sugar, especially if the day was cool and (Continued on Page 15) War Between the States it was fre quently the tobacco crop, although small, that helped farms survive. By the late 1800's tobacco was gaining popularity but did not regain its pre-cotton status until the arrival of the boll weevil in the early 1900's. With cotton crops devastated, farmers once again looked to tobac co Also, there was a new market to supply. The introduction of the blended cigarette in 1913 created in creased demand for Georgia leaf. The increased demand and im proved technology enabled Georgia tobacco farmers to grow greater quantities of tobacco per acre. In 1919, Georgia produced 11.6 million pounds of leaf on 23,800 acres with an average yield per acre of 488 pounds. By 1978, 125 million pounds was grown on 61,000 acres averaging 2,060 pounds per acre. Several varieties of tobacco have been produced in Georgia. Warne, a heavy coarse variety was first grown by the thinner flue-cured tobacco replaced Warne around the early (Continued on Page 15)