United States, Georgia, Floyd County, 34.26316, -85.21428Smith, Marion O., 1942-20221942/2022Photocopy of handwritten report that recounts the Confederate Navy’s attempt to establish a powder mill near Columbia, South Carolina in response to gunpowder shortages during the Civil War. It describes the involvement of naval engineer Thomas Alonzo Jackson and the logistical challenges faced, including delays in funding and equipment delivery. The mill’s operations were ultimately abandoned and destroyed in February 1865 as Union forces approached, marking the end of the Confederacy’s effort to produce naval powder in Columbia. Sites mentioned: Cave Spring Cave (Ga.)image/jp2enghttp://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/Explosives--AdditivesSaltpeterDiscovery and explorationSoldiersNamesVandalismIndependent scholarsUnited States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865--GraffitiCavingSignatures (Writing)|Tourism--Moral and ethical aspectsUnited States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865--Personal narrativesSaltpeter industry--HistoryGunpowder industryGuano industryNitratesCavesSpeleologyJournal of Spelean HistorySpeleologistsGeology, EconomicGraffitiGeotourismSustainable tourismUnited States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865Confederate States of AmericaConfederate States of America. Nitre and Mining BureauManufacturing industries--United States--History--19th centuryManufacturing industries--Confederate States of America--History--19th centuryMineral industries--United States--History--19th centuryMineral industries--Confederate States of America--History--19th centurySaltpeter industry--United StatesGunpowder--United StatesNitrogen industries--United StatesSaltpeter industry--Confederate States of AmericaGunpowder--Confederate States of AmericaNitrogen industries--Confederate States of AmericaBats--ManureGuanoLocal historyNineteenth Century Cave Spring Cave newspaper accountsText