United States, 39.76, -98.51970/1979This document recounts the origins and early organizational development of the Republic of New Africa. It traces the movement’s founding at the 1968 Detroit convention, where a Declaration of Independence and provisional government formally asserted Black nationhood and rejected U.S. citizenship. The narrative explains the movement’s ideological roots in the Malcolm X Society and in a political analysis emphasizing self-defense, internationalization, and independent land as essential to Black liberation. It also describes early efforts to build governmental structures, establish local consulates, develop constitutional procedures, and organize support for territorial sovereignty in the Deep South. Particular attention is given to internal leadership conflicts, constitutional disputes, and attempts at external disruption, portraying these struggles as part of the Republic’s transition from symbolic declaration to an active liberation movement headquartered in the South.application/pdfenghttp://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-EDU/1.0/Johnson Publishing Company Clipping Files Collectionhttp://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12322/fa:098Black nationalismAfrican Americans--Politics and governmentSouthern StatesCollective settlements"A Short History - The Republic of New Africa", May 1970Text