{"response":{"docs":[{"id":"noa_sohp_r-0168","title":"Oral history interview with Floyd Adams, August 16, 2002","collection_id":"noa_sohp","collection_title":"Oral histories of the American South (Georgia selections)","dcterms_contributor":["Taylor, Kieran Walsh","Southern Oral History Program"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Georgia, Chatham County, Savannah, 32.08354, -81.09983"],"dcterms_creator":["Adams, Floyd, 1945-"],"dc_date":["2002-08-16"],"dcterms_description":["Floyd Adams Jr., the son of a newspaper publisher, grew up known as \"Little Press Boy\" in Savannah, Georgia. Adams followed his father into the publishing business, taking control of the Savannah Herald, the paper his father had published since 1949. He also found success in politics, becoming Savannah's first African American mayor in 1996 and winning reelection in 1999. In 2007, he failed in his attempt to win a third term. Adams does not discuss his political or journalistic career in this interview; instead, he describes the destruction of Currytown, a black neighborhood in Savannah that fell prey to urban renewal. The project swept out black businesses, allowing white investors to take their places; it razed black churches; and it forced out middle-class black Savannans, replacing their homes with public housing projects. He also describes contemporary urban renewal projects that, with input from community members, promised to be less destructive to Savannah's African Americans. This interview offers researchers insights to the history of African Americans in Savannah and some reflections on the complex task of keeping a city healthy.","Title from menu page (viewed on Nov. 14, 2008).","Interview participants: Floyd Adams, interviewee; Kieran Taylor, interviewer.","This electronic edition is part of the UNC-Chapel Hill digital library, Documenting the American South. It is a part of the collection Oral histories of the American South.","Text encoded by Jennifer Joyner. Sound recordings digitized by Aaron Smithers.","The Civil Rights Digital Library received support from a National Leadership Grant for Libraries awarded to the University of Georgia by the Institute of Museum and Library Services for the aggregation and enhancement of partner metadata."],"dc_format":null,"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["Forms part of Oral histories of the American South collection."],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":null,"dcterms_subject":["African American civic leaders--Georgia--Savannah","Urban renewal--Georgia--Savannah","African American neighborhoods--Georgia--Savannah","African Americans--Georgia--Savannah--Social conditions","Savannah (Ga.)--Economic conditions","City planning--Georgia--Savannah","Savannah (Ga.)--Race relations"],"dcterms_title":["Oral history interview with Floyd Adams, August 16, 2002"],"dcterms_type":["Sound","Text"],"dcterms_provenance":["University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Library"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://docsouth.unc.edu/sohp/R-0168/menu.html"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["transcripts","sound recordings","oral histories (literary works)"],"dcterms_extent":["Text (HTML and XML/TEI source file) and audio (MP3); 2 files: ca. 113.1 kilobytes, 115 megabytes.","(MP3 format / ca. 115 MB, 01:03:11"],"dlg_subject_personal":["Adams, Floyd, 1945-"],"iiif_manifest_url_ss":null,"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"noa_sohp_r-0170","title":"Oral history interview with Leroy Beavers, August 8, 2002","collection_id":"noa_sohp","collection_title":"Oral histories of the American South (Georgia selections)","dcterms_contributor":["Taylor, Kieran Walsh","Southern Oral History Program"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Georgia, Chatham County, Savannah, 32.08354, -81.09983"],"dcterms_creator":["Beavers, Leroy, 1951-"],"dc_date":["2002-08-08"],"dcterms_description":["Leroy Beavers Jr. recalls segregation and integration in Savannah, Georgia. Beavers walks the reader through a history of the city, from its golden years in the 1950s, when African Americans thrived in a self-contained community, to the decay of the 1960s and the damage he sees as having been brought about by integration. Beavers condemns integration, calling it \"a genocide of a social life . . . where people had just a pure natural respect for each other.\" Beavers maintains that the closely-knit black community unraveled because new opportunities tempted African Americans and the spirit of self-reliance faded. A proud community slumped as drugs and crime infested black neighborhoods, and African Americans began to discriminate against one another. This crowd of social pathologies gathers on Martin Luther King Street, a name choice Beavers bitterly condemns. A bristling attack on integration, this interview provides an interesting perspective on the legacy of integration in a southern city.","Title from menu page (viewed on Nov. 28, 2008).","Interview participants: Leroy Beavers, interviewee; Leroy Beavers Sr., interviewee; Kieran Taylor, interviewer.","This electronic edition is part of the UNC-Chapel Hill digital library, Documenting the American South. It is a part of the collection Oral histories of the American South.","Text encoded by Jennifer Joyner. Sound recordings digitized by Aaron Smithers.","The Civil Rights Digital Library received support from a National Leadership Grant for Libraries awarded to the University of Georgia by the Institute of Museum and Library Services for the aggregation and enhancement of partner metadata."],"dc_format":null,"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["Forms part of Oral histories of the American South collection."],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":null,"dcterms_subject":["African American barbers--Georgia--Savannah","African Americans--Segregation--Georgia--Savannah","African Americans--Georgia--Savannah--Social conditions","Savannah (Ga.)--Race relations"],"dcterms_title":["Oral history interview with Leroy Beavers, August 8, 2002"],"dcterms_type":["Sound","Text"],"dcterms_provenance":["University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Library"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://docsouth.unc.edu/sohp/R-0170/menu.html"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["transcripts","sound recordings","oral histories (literary works)"],"dcterms_extent":["Text (HTML and XML/TEI source file) and audio (MP3); 2 files: ca. 104 kilobytes, 84.0 megabytes.","MP3 format / ca. 84.0 MB, 00:45:55"],"dlg_subject_personal":["Beavers, Leroy, 1951-"],"iiif_manifest_url_ss":null,"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"noa_sohp_r-0175","title":"Oral history interview with Laura B. Waddell, August 6, 2002","collection_id":"noa_sohp","collection_title":"Oral histories of the American South (Georgia selections)","dcterms_contributor":["Taylor, Kieran Walsh","Southern Oral History Program"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Georgia, Chatham County, Savannah, 32.08354, -81.09983"],"dcterms_creator":["Waddell, Laura B., 1928-"],"dc_date":["2002-08-06"],"dcterms_description":["Laura Waddell grew up in Savannah, Georgia, and after finishing eleventh grade, found a job as a seamstress in a shop off West Broad Street in the city's downtown district. Waddell earned a reputation, and a good living, as a skilled seamstress, eventually opening her own business. Waddell's enthusiasm for her work helped her build a successful career, and at the time of the interview, in August 2002, she had only recently retired. While she was aware of some of the tensions of the civil rights movement, she did not participate in protests or boycotts; instead, she tried to convince her peers that her work did not benefit the white shopkeeper who leased her space. Waddell become more involved in civic activity later in life, when she helped found the Ralph Mark Gilbert Civil Rights Museum and became an active member of her church. This interview provides a portrait of a woman carving out a space for herself in segregated Savannah.","Title from menu page (viewed on December 20, 2007).","Interview participants: Walter Durham, interviewee; Bob Gilgor, interviewer.","Duration: 02:11:25.","This electronic edition is part of the UNC-CH digital library, Documenting the American South. It is a part of the collection Oral histories of the American South.","Text encoded by Mike Millner. Sound recordings digitized by Aaron Smithers.","The Civil Rights Digital Library received support from a National Leadership Grant for Libraries awarded to the University of Georgia by the Institute of Museum and Library Services for the aggregation and enhancement of partner metadata."],"dc_format":null,"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["Forms part of Oral histories of the American South collection."],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":null,"dcterms_subject":["Women tailors--Georgia--Savannah","African American businesspeople--Georgia--Savannah","African Americans--Segregation--Georgia--Savannah","Savannah (Ga.)--Race relations","Savannah (Ga.)--Economic conditions"],"dcterms_title":["Oral history interview with Laura B. Waddell, August 6, 2002"],"dcterms_type":["Sound","Text"],"dcterms_provenance":["University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Library"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://docsouth.unc.edu/sohp/R-0175/menu.html"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["transcripts","sound recordings","oral histories (literary works)"],"dcterms_extent":["Text (HTML and XML/TEI source file) and audio (MP3); 2 files: ca. 132 kilobytes, 141 megabytes.","MP3 format / ca. 141 MB, 01:17:02"],"dlg_subject_personal":["Waddell, Laura B., 1928-"],"iiif_manifest_url_ss":null,"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"noa_sohp_r-0174","title":"Oral history interview with William Fonvielle, August 2, 2002","collection_id":"noa_sohp","collection_title":"Oral histories of the American South (Georgia selections)","dcterms_contributor":["Taylor, Kieran Walsh","Southern Oral History Program"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Georgia, Chatham County, Savannah, 32.08354, -81.09983"],"dcterms_creator":["Fonvielle, William (William Earl), 1947-"],"dc_date":["2002-08-02"],"dcterms_description":["William Fonvielle describes the long legacy of his family's ownership of Savannah Pharmacy on West Broad Street in Savannah, Georgia. After his father's murder in 1955 and his grandfather's death the following year, Fonvielle's aunt assumed leadership of their business. As a child, he delivered prescriptions and learned the city's landscape. Fonvielle fondly remembers the close-knit nature of the black West Broad Street community. Blacks supported the local businesses, especially during the Jim Crow era, when most white business owners refused to serve black patrons. However, Fonvielle argues that blacks have divided themselves along class lines. Middle-class blacks moved to suburban areas and did not return to support their community. He maintains that Savannah lacks progressive and aggressive blacks willing to unify the race and protect the black community. He connects black unification with a strong black economic center, and he bemoans the decline of adequate store supplies, the growth of chain stores, and the flight of the black middle class to the suburbs, all of which, he argues, has stymied economic progress and drained West Broad Street of its economic vitality.","Title from menu page (viewed on May 7, 2008).","Interview participants: William Fonvielle, interviewee; Kieran Taylor, interviewer.","This electronic edition is part of the UNC-Chapel Hill digital library, Documenting the American South. It is a part of the collection Oral histories of the American South.","Text encoded by Jennifer Joyner. Sound recordings digitized by Aaron Smithers.","The Civil Rights Digital Library received support from a National Leadership Grant for Libraries awarded to the University of Georgia by the Institute of Museum and Library Services for the aggregation and enhancement of partner metadata."],"dc_format":null,"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["Forms part of Oral histories of the American South collection."],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":null,"dcterms_subject":["African American men--Georgia--Savannah","African American neighborhoods--Georgia--Savannah","African Americans--Georgia--Savannah--Economic conditions","African American business enterprises--Georgia--Savannah","African Americans--Georgia--Savannah--Social life and customs","Savannah (Ga.)--Race relations","Urban renewal--Georgia--Savannah"],"dcterms_title":["Oral history interview with William Fonvielle, August 2, 2002"],"dcterms_type":["Sound","Text"],"dcterms_provenance":["University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Library"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://docsouth.unc.edu/sohp/R-0174/menu.html"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["transcripts","sound recordings","oral histories (literary works)"],"dcterms_extent":["Text (HTML and XML/TEI source file) and audio (MP3); 2 files: ca. 113.8 kilobytes, 119 megabytes.","MP3 format / ca. 119 MB, 01:05:03"],"dlg_subject_personal":["Fonvielle, William (William Earl), 1947-"],"iiif_manifest_url_ss":null,"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"noa_sohp_r-0345","title":"Oral history interview with Julian Bond, November 1 and 22, 1999","collection_id":"noa_sohp","collection_title":"Oral histories of the American South (Georgia selections)","dcterms_contributor":["Gritter, Elizabeth","Southern Oral History Program"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Georgia, Fulton County, Atlanta, 33.749, -84.38798","United States, Southern States, 33.346678, -84.119434"],"dcterms_creator":["Bond, Julian, 1940-"],"dc_date":["1999-11-01/1999-11-22"],"dcterms_description":["As the son of Lincoln University president Horace Mann Bond, Julian Bond came into contact with black thinkers, musicians, and artists. The historically black Lincoln had served as a haven for black intelligentsia, but it also protected Bond from the pains of white racism. His parents sent him to a Quaker private school, where Bond learned pacifist principles. Upon graduating, Bond decided to attend Morehouse University in Atlanta, Georgia. There he became active in the civil rights movement while working on a local black newspaper. In his work with the newspaper, Bond witnessed whites' and black elites' opposition to the push for rapid racial change. The swelling protests among southern blacks, especially college students, piqued Bond's interest. His fervor led him to drop out of school, much to his parents' chagrin. Bond describes his involvement with the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) and his connection with other activists, including Ella Baker, Martin Luther King Jr., Bayard Rustin, John Lewis, Fannie Lou Hamer, Bob Moses, and Stokely Carmichael. The grassroots training experiences he gained working with local activists in Atlanta prepared him for voter registration organizing in rural southern counties. Bond explains the ideological tensions between SNCC and older civil rights activist groups. Many older activists, Bond argues, rejected younger blacks' radicalism as moving too fast, too soon. He discusses the growing internal divide that led to a black power camp and an integrationist camp within SNCC brought about by the inclusion of white Freedom Summer workers. Bond discusses his three successful bids for the Georgia House of Representatives and that body's refusal to seat him in 1966. In 1968, he formed a black challenge delegation to Georgia's all-white pro-segregation Democratic delegation at the Chicago convention. In the 1980s, Bond protested apartheid by boycotting stores that sold South African items.","Title from menu page (viewed on Nov. 25, 2008).","Interview participants: Julian Bond, interviewee; Elizabeth Gritter, interviewer.","This electronic edition is part of the UNC-Chapel Hill digital library, Documenting the American South. It is a part of the collection Oral histories of the American South.","Text encoded by Jennifer Joyner. Sound recordings digitized by Aaron Smithers.","The Civil Rights Digital Library received support from a National Leadership Grant for Libraries awarded to the University of Georgia by the Institute of Museum and Library Services for the aggregation and enhancement of partner metadata."],"dc_format":null,"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["Forms part of Oral histories of the American South collection."],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":null,"dcterms_subject":["African American civil rights workers--Southern States","Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (U.S.)","Civil rights movements--Southern States","African Americans--Civil rights--Southern States","Student movements--Georgia--Atlanta","Southern States--Race relations"],"dcterms_title":["Oral history interview with Julian Bond, November 1 and 22, 1999"],"dcterms_type":["Sound"],"dcterms_provenance":["University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Library"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://docsouth.unc.edu/sohp/R-0345/menu.html"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["transcripts","sound recordings","oral histories (literary works)"],"dcterms_extent":["Text (HTML and XML/TEI source file) and audio (MP3); 2 files: ca. 160 kilobytes, 159 megabytes.","MP3 format / ca. 159 MB, 01:27:20"],"dlg_subject_personal":["Bond, Julian, 1940-2015"],"iiif_manifest_url_ss":null,"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"noa_sohp_a-0365","title":"Oral history interview with Calvin Kytle, January 19, 1991","collection_id":"noa_sohp","collection_title":"Oral histories of the American South (Georgia selections)","dcterms_contributor":["Egerton, John","Kytle, Elizabeth","Southern Oral History Program"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Georgia, 32.75042, -83.50018"],"dcterms_creator":["Kytle, Calvin"],"dc_date":["1991-01-19"],"dcterms_description":["Calvin and Elizabeth Kytle were both born and raised in the South. Calvin spent his childhood in South Carolina, North Carolina, and Georgia, while Elizabeth grew up in Charleston, South Carolina. After graduating from Emory University and Valdosta State University, respectively, Calvin and Elizabeth met while working for the National Youth Administration. The two were married shortly thereafter, just before Calvin entered the military and served in World War II. While he was abroad, Elizabeth continued to work for the National Youth Administration, followed by brief stints with the Citizens' Fact Finding Movement and then at the Bell Bomber Plant in public relations. In 1945, the two were reunited in Atlanta. Calvin taught at Emory University until 1949, when they moved to Ohio. Politically liberal, the Kytles were deeply interested in issues of civil rights during the immediate post-World War II years. Here, they describe in detail their perception of various leaders and politicians, ranging from pro-segregationists to racial moderates to civil rights activists, including Ellis Arnall, Eugene Talmadge, Melvin Thompson, Ralph McGill, Virginius Dabney, and Lillian Smith.","The Civil Rights Digital Library received support from a National Leadership Grant for Libraries awarded to the University of Georgia by the Institute of Museum and Library Services for the aggregation and enhancement of partner metadata.","Title from menu page (viewed on November 16, 2007).","Interview participants: Calvin Kytle, interviewee; Elizabeth Kytle, interviewee; John Egerton, interviewer.","Duration: 01:18:52.","This electronic edition is part of the UNC-CH digital library, Documenting the American South. It is a part of the collection Oral histories of the American South.","Text encoded by Mike Millner. Sound recordings digitized by Aaron Smithers."],"dc_format":null,"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["Forms part of Oral histories of the American South collection."],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":null,"dcterms_subject":["Southern States--Race relations","Southern Regional Council","Citizens' Fact Finding Movement of Georgia"],"dcterms_title":["Oral history interview with Calvin Kytle, January 19, 1991"],"dcterms_type":["Sound","Text"],"dcterms_provenance":["University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Library"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://docsouth.unc.edu/sohp/A-0365/menu.html"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["transcripts","sound recordings","oral histories (literary works)"],"dcterms_extent":["Text (HTML and XML/TEI source file) and audio (MP3); 2 files: ca. 86.6 kilobytes, 144 megabytes.","MP3 format / ca. 144 MB, 01:18:5"],"dlg_subject_personal":["Kytle, Calvin","Kytle, Elizabeth","Smith, Lillian (Lillian Eugenia), 1897-1966","Graham, Frank Porter, 1886-1972"],"iiif_manifest_url_ss":null,"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"noa_sohp_a-0364","title":"Oral history interview with William Gordon, January 19, 1991","collection_id":"noa_sohp","collection_title":"Oral histories of the American South (Georgia selections)","dcterms_contributor":["Egerton, John","Southern Oral History Program"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Georgia, Fulton County, Atlanta, 33.749, -84.38798"],"dcterms_creator":["Gordon, William, 1919-"],"dc_date":["1991-01-19"],"dcterms_description":["William Gordon was born in 1919 and was raised primarily in Mississippi and Arkansas. He describes growing up in the rural South, focusing on race relations, and explains what life was like for his sharecropping family. Sent off to school in Memphis, Tennessee, as a teenager, Gordon excelled in his studies and went to Le Moyne College in the 1930s. Following his graduation, Gordon enlisted in the army and fought in World War II. Gordon focuses on race relations in his discussion of his school and military years. He describes various customs associated with Jim Crow segregation in the South. Following the war, Gordon attended graduate school to study journalism. Gordon wrote for the Atlanta Daily World beginning in 1948, during which time he formed a close friendship with Atlanta Constitution editor and anti-segregationist Ralph McGill. Gordon also formed close connections with Georgia Senator Herman Talmadge. He discusses in detail his perception of changing race relations in the 1930s through the 1950s and argues that desegregation required legal action. Nonetheless, Gordon acknowledges the role of white leaders, such as McGill and Talmadge, who genuinely sought racial change. In the late 1950s, Gordon began to work for the United States Information Agency (USIA) and spent many years traveling through Africa and Europe.","Title from menu page (viewed on July 23, 2008).","Interview participants: William Gordon, interviewee; John Egerton, interviewer.","This electronic edition is part of the UNC-CH digital library, Documenting the American South. It is a part of the collection Oral histories of the American South.","Text encoded by Mike Millner. Sound recordings digitized by Aaron Smithers.","The Civil Rights Digital Library received support from a National Leadership Grant for Libraries awarded to the University of Georgia by the Institute of Museum and Library Services for the aggregation and enhancement of partner metadata."],"dc_format":null,"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["Forms part of Oral histories of the American South collection."],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":null,"dcterms_subject":["Civil rights--Southern States","Southern States--Race relations","United States--Officials and employees","African American journalists--Georgia--Atlanta","African Americans--Civil rights--Southern States","African Americans--Segregation--Southern States","United States Information Agency"],"dcterms_title":["Oral history interview with William Gordon, January 19, 1991"],"dcterms_type":["Sound","Text"],"dcterms_provenance":["University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Library"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://docsouth.unc.edu/sohp/A-0364/menu.html"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["transcripts","sound recordings","oral histories (literary works)"],"dcterms_extent":["Text (HTML and XML/TEI source file) and audio (MP3); 2 files: ca. 140.9 kilobytes, 153 megabytes.","MP3 format / ca. 153 MB, 01:24:03"],"dlg_subject_personal":["Gordon, William, 1919-"],"iiif_manifest_url_ss":null,"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"noa_sohp_a-0347","title":"Oral history interview with Herman Talmadge, November 8, 1990","collection_id":"noa_sohp","collection_title":"Oral histories of the American South (Georgia selections)","dcterms_contributor":["Talmadge, Betty","Egerton, John","Southern Oral History Program"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Georgia, 32.75042, -83.50018"],"dcterms_creator":["Talmadge, Herman E. (Herman Eugene), 1913-2002"],"dc_date":["1990-11-08"],"dcterms_description":["Herman Talmadge served as the Democratic governor of Georgia from 1948 to 1955 (in addition to a brief stint in 1947), and went on to represent that state in the United States Senate from 1957 to 1981. In this interview, he shares his opinions on integration and race relations in Georgia. Talmadge, who opposed integration, claims that he did so to avoid tensions. He maintains that had the federal government stayed out of the South, states like Georgia would have integrated slowly but surely and with significantly less strife.","The Civil Rights Digital Library received support from a National Leadership Grant for Libraries awarded to the University of Georgia by the Institute of Museum and Library Services for the aggregation and enhancement of partner metadata."],"dc_format":null,"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["Forms part of Oral histories of the American South collection."],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":null,"dcterms_subject":["Democratic Party (Ga.)","Georgia--Politics and government","Republican Party (Ga.)","Southern States--Race relations","School integration--Georgia","Segregation--Georgia","Governors--Georgia","Political parties--Georgia"],"dcterms_title":["Oral history interview with Herman Talmadge, November 8, 1990"],"dcterms_type":["Sound","Text"],"dcterms_provenance":["University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Library"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://docsouth.unc.edu/sohp/A-0347/menu.html"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["transcripts","sound recordings","oral histories (literary works)"],"dcterms_extent":["Text (HTML and XML/TEI source file) and audio (MP3); 2 files: ca. 107.3 kilobytes, 92.2 megabytes","MP3 format / ca. 92.1 MB, 00:50:19"],"dlg_subject_personal":["Talmadge, Herman E. (Herman Eugene), 1913-2002","Talmadge, Betty","Talmadge, Eugene, 1884-1946"],"iiif_manifest_url_ss":null,"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"noa_sohp_a-0363","title":"Oral history interview with Harold Fleming, January 24, 1990","collection_id":"noa_sohp","collection_title":"Oral histories of the American South (Georgia selections)","dcterms_contributor":["Egerton, John","Southern Oral History Program"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Georgia, Fulton County, Atlanta, 33.749, -84.38798"],"dcterms_creator":["Fleming, Harold C."],"dc_date":["1990-01-24"],"dcterms_description":["Harold Fleming worked with the Southern Regional Council (SRC) in Georgia from 1947 through the late 1950s. He recalls some of the opposition that group faced, particularly accusations of Communist connections. He links the Red Scare to a general fear of changing race relations throughout the South, which he started recognizing while commanding black troops in Japan during World War II. Journalist Ralph McGill helped Fleming get involved with the SRC, but McGill, like several others, could not get involved with the organization himself for fear of losing his job. Fleming compares how several of the SRC leaders, such as Charles Johnson and Lillian Smith, approached the work, and he commends President Harry Truman for taking an early stance against segregation.","Title from menu page (viewed on April 9, 2007).","Interview participants: Harold Fleming, interviewee; John Egerton, interviewer.","This electronic edition is part of the UNC-CH digital library, Documenting the American South. It is a part of the collection Oral histories of the American South.","Text encoded by Mike Millner. Sound recordings digitized by Steve Weiss and Aaron Smithers.","The Civil Rights Digital Library received support from a National Leadership Grant for Libraries awarded to the University of Georgia by the Institute of Museum and Library Services for the aggregation and enhancement of partner metadata."],"dc_format":null,"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["Forms part of Oral histories of the American South collection."],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":null,"dcterms_subject":["Civil rights--Georgia","Southern Regional Council","School integration--Georgia--Atlanta","Georgia--Race relations","African Americans--Segregation--Georgia","United States. Army--African American troops","World War, 1939-1945--African Americans"],"dcterms_title":["Oral history interview with Harold Fleming, January 24, 1990"],"dcterms_type":["Sound","Text"],"dcterms_provenance":["University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. 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Both were born and raised in the South, had always been strong advocates for racial progress, and quickly became involved in community organizations, particularly in support of school integration. Josephine eventually was elected to the Durham City Board of Education in the early 1970s and became increasingly involved in local politics after that. In this interview, both Josephine and William discuss their family histories and cover a broad range of topics while doing so. Josephine speaks at great length about her experiences growing up in Atlanta, Georgia, during the 1920s and 1930s. She emphasizes the examples her parents set for her and her sisters. She explains her father's inclination towards radical politics, his efforts to challenge and break racial barriers, and the presence of strong African American woman role models. In addition, she describes her own education and her strong dedication to her family. William likewise describes his family background, but focuses more on his involvement with the Masons and his work with North Carolina Mutual. Throughout the interview, the Clements stress the importance of confidence and self-esteem for African Americans, as well as the importance of group solidarity in achieving progress for changing race relations.","Title from menu page (viewed on Oct. 29, 2008).","Interview participants: William Clement, interviewee; Josephine Clement, interviewee; Walter Weare, interviewer; Juanita Weare, interviewer.","This electronic edition is part of the UNC-Chapel Hill digital library, Documenting the American South. It is a part of the collection Oral histories of the American South.","Text encoded by Jennifer Joyner. 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